ANNUAL REPORTS, WAR DEPARTMENT FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1923 REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U. S. ARMY TO THE SECRETARY OF WAR 1923 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1923 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS UNITED STATES ARMY 1923 I REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, UNITED STATES ARMY. WAR DEPARTMENT, OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, Washington, October 3, 1923. Subject: Annual Report. To: The Secretary of War. I present for your information the following report upon the river and harbor improvement work under charge of the Corps of Engineers for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1923. RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. The policy of improving the rivers and harbors of the United States under Federal direction and with Federal funds was inaugu- rated by Congress about 1824. The work has been practically con- tinuous since that time and has been executed principally under the direction of the Corps of Engineers. The program now in force contemplates the improvement of the more important rivers and harbors of continental United States and of the more important harbors of Porto Rico, Alaska, and the Ha- waiian Islands. The number of works in hand at the beginning of the fiscal year was as follows: Number of harbors under improvement, 193. Number of rivers under improvement, 297. Number of canals and other waterways under improvement, 86. The total amount expended on the work for the year was $47,478,357.03. The commerce reported amounted in the aggregate to 347,834,076 tons, valued at $16,633,868,204, and the transportation of 318,920,907 passengers. Appropriations.-The funds with which the works for the im- provement of rivers and harbors were prosecuted during the past fiscal year were derived from the appropriations made by river and harbor acts, and from such appropriations as have been providel by other general acts and by special acts of Congress. The following works are provided for by permanent appropria- tions: Removing sunken vessels; operating snag and dredge boats on upper Mississippi River and tributaries; removing obstructions in Mississippi River; gauging waters of the Mississippi River and 4 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. its tributaries; examinations and surveys at South Pass, Mississippi River; maintenance of South Pass Channel, Mississippi River; op- erating snag boats on Ohio River; operating and care of canals, etc.; support and maintenance of the Permanent International As- sociation of the Congresses of Navigation. Appropriations for rivers and harbors during fiscal year 1923: War Department appropriation act of Mar. 2, 1923- Flood control, Mississippi River ____ $5, 986, 600. 00 Flood control, Sacramento River, Calif______-_____-_____________- 499, 900. 00 Maintenance and improvement of ex- isting river and harbor works_____ 56, 589, 910. 00 Examinations, surveys, and contin- gencies of rivers and harbors_____ 456, 850. 00 $63, 533, 260. 00 Deficiency act, July 1, 1922__________ 364, 288. 60 Deficiency act, Sept. 22, 1922_______ 1, 323. 07 Deficiency act, Jan. 22, 1923_________ 1,608.04 Deficiency act, Mar. 4, 1923_ 460. 00 367, 679. 71 Permanent annual appropriations_ -- - _ -297, 600.00 64, 198, 539. 71 Indefinite appropriations (warrants issued during fiscal year, 1923) : Operating and care of canals, etc 4, 554, 087. 00 Removing sunken vessels, etc - _ 127, 377. 44 4, 681, 464. 44 Increase of compensation, War Department, act Mar. 4, 1923 (apportioned to rivers and harbors) ______________ 1, 874, 810. 11 Special fund (credits to account from licenses under Federal water power act June 10, 1920, sec. 17) : Maintenance and operation of dams and other improve- ments to navigable waters_________________________ 12, 386. 94 Related works: Expenses of California D6bris Commis- sion -------------------------------- 14, 950. 00 Prevention of deposits, New York Har- bor _- -__-_ __- 175, 000. 00 189, 950.00 Total ------------------------------------------ 70, 957, 151.20 Total appropriations for rivers and harbors from report for 1922_----------------------- 1, 130, 609, 694. 75 Grand total ____--------- ------------------ 1,201,566,845. 95 The foregoing statement does not include appropriations 'for Dam No. 2, Muscle Shoals, Ala., as follows: Total appropriations to" June 30, 1922_ ___ $24, 659, 610. 42 Amount transferred from prior allotment to Ordnance Department__________--------------- 600, 000. 00 War Department appropriation act of Mar. 2, 1923 __________----------------- ------- 6, 998, 800.00 $32, 258, 410. 42 Expenditures.-The total amount actually expended under the direction of the Chief of Engineers in connection with the improve- ment of rivers and harbors during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1923, is as follows: RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 5 Improvement of rivers and harbors (general) : New work --------------------------------------- $20, 652, 072. 84 Maintenance -------------------------------------- 12, 172, 120.40 Total ----------------------------------------- 32, 824, 193. 24 Improvement of Mississippi River under Mississippi River Com- mission: New work ---------------------------------------- 4, 793, 486. 68 Maintenance -------------------------------------- 1, 995, 798. 00 Total ------------------------------------------ 6, 789, 284. 68 Improvement of Sacramento River under California D6bris Commission (flood control) : New work----------------------------------------- 429, 800. 95 Total: New work ---------------------------------- 25, 875, 360. 47 Maintenance __- ___-------- ------- _ 14, 167, 918. 40 Aggregate-------------------------------40, 043, 278. 87 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors_ 265, 198. 26 Removing sunken vessels__1________-_______-- - - -_ 187, 656. 71 Operating and care of canals____________________________ 4, 733, 310.83 Operating snag and dredge boats on upper Mississippi River and tributaries ---------- ------------------- --------- 19, 585. 06 Removing obstructions in Mississippi, Atchafalaya, and Old Rivers ------------------------------------------------ 99, 242. 61 Examinations and surveys at South Pass, Mississippi River-.. 10, 859. 06 Gauging waters of the Mississippi River and its tributaries____ 10, 773. 26 Maintenance of South Pass Channel, Mississippi River__--- - / 108, 885. 18 Operating snag boats on the Ohio River _____________________ 51, 015. 43 Permanent International Association of Congresses of Naviga- tion -------------------------------------------------- 1, 172. 87 Prevention of deposits in New York Harbor------------------ 110, 115. 64 California Debris Commission (expenses) 4, 810. 99 1-------------------- Increase of compensation, rivers and harbors----------------- 113, 945. 87 Increase of compensation, War Department (allotted to rivers and harbors) -------------------------------- - 1, 708, 506. 39 Total expenditures from Government funds (river and harbor works) -_ 47, 478. 357. 03 NoTE.-Additional expenditures made by the Mississippi River Commission are included in the amounts stated for: Gauging waters of the Mississippi River and its tributaries_ 10, 423. 26 Increase of compensation, rivers and harbors_ -- - 5, 370. 71 Increase of compensation, War Department (allotted to rivers and harbors) ----------------------------- 115, 355. 76 131, 149. 73 The foregoing statement of expenditures from river and harbor funds does not include expenditures made by the Engineer Depart- ment from appropriations for the following: Dam No. 2, Muscle Shoals, Ala _____------------------- - $3, 724, 821. 78 Emergency shipping fund (allotted for construction of towboats and barges, upper Mississippi River, for Emergency Fleet Cor- poration) ____------------------------------------------- 213, 642. 22 Total ----------------------------------------- 3, 938, 464. 00 6 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Expenditures have also been made from funds contributed by States, municipalities, and private parties for improvements, as fol- lows: New work. Maintenance. Total. Houston Ship Channel, Tex ........................... '$255,124.03 ................ $255,124.03 Nawiliwili Harbor, Hawaii ...... ................... 64,743.39 ........... 64, 743.39 Missouri River in Quindaro Bend, Kans ................................. $996.96 996.96 White River at Augusta Narrows, Ark............... ................ 3, 283. 95 3, 283.95 Saugatuck Harbor, Mich............................... 6550. 36 6 550. 36 Gulfport Harbor Miss ............................... 20 336.73 ................ 20 336.73 Coquille River, Oreg.................8............... 8 962.29 8,962. 29 Yaquina Bay, Oreg .............. .................. 15 890. 07 ................ 15 890.07 Providence Harbor, R. I .................................. .......... 7, 594.68 7 594.68 Richmond Harbor, Calif ........ .............. . 28, 297.21 72, 345. 19 100, 642. 40 Suisun Bay Channel, Calif ......................... .............. 47. 51 47.51 Crescent City Harbor, Calif ........................... 41,719.96 5,384. 61 47, 104. 57 Flood control, Sacramento River, Calif ................. 429, 805. 34 .. 429, 805.34 Sacramento and Feather Rivers, Calif .................... 653. 51 6, 316.21 6, 969.72 Willapa River and Harbor, Wash ..................... 6, 941.10.. 6, 941.10 Total.................. ...... .......... 872, 473.63 102, 519. 47 974, 993.10 Under Mississippi River Commission: Repairing and restoring levees on the Mississippi River above Cairo, Ill........ ............. 36, 250. 46 36, 250. 46 Improvement of Mississippi River ................. 344 995. 14 68 479.78 413, 474.92 Flood control, Mississippi River .................. 1, 455, 038. 02 39, 383. 53 1, 494, 421.5 Total .... ............... .................. 1,800,033.16 144,113.77 1,944,146.93 Grand total of contributed funds ............. 2, 672,506.79 246, 633.24 2, 919,140.03 The river and harbor acts of March 4, 1915, March 2, 1919, June 5, 1920, and March 1, 1921, made lump-sum appropriations for river ad harbor improvements throughout the country. These appro- priations were allotted to the various works and reported to Con- gress in previous annual reports. Certain amounts have been with- drawn and these amounts, together with sums returned to the credit of the appropriation, have been reallotted as follows: ACT OF MARCH 4, 1915. Amount unallotted as shown in Annual Report for 1922_ ______- $3, 650. 73 Amount returned to credit of appropriation----------- __--5. 40 3, 656. 13 Allotted to- Sarasota Bay, Fla. -----------------------------$3, 000. 00 White Lake Harbor, Mich ______________________ 656. 13 3, 656. 13 ACT OF MARCH 2, 1919. Amount unallotted as shown in Annual Report for 1922--------- $6, 797. 34 Allotted to- French Broad and Little Pigeon Rivers, Tenn.------- $4, 000. 00 Woodbridge Creek, N. J.------------------------ 2, 500. 00 Portage Lake harbor of refuge --------------- 297. 34 6, 797. 34 ACT OF JUNE 5, 1920. Amount unallotted as shown in Annual Report for 1922-------- $118. 99 Amount allotted to White Lake Harbor, Mich.-------------------- 118. 99 ACT OF MARCH 1, 1921. Amount unallotted as shown in Annual Report for 1922---------- $2, 303. 33 Amount allotted to White Lake Ijarbor, Mich.---------------- 2, 303. 33 RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. ' 7 Additional allotments from the appropriation carried in the War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922, were also approved as follows: ACT OF JUNE 30, 1922. Amount unallotted as shown in Annual Report for 1922---___- $1,808,911.00 Amount returned to credit of appropriation ______________- 18, 320. 86 1, 827, 231. 86 Allotted to- Mouth of the Yazoo River, Miss--------------$3, 000. 00 Savannah River below Augusta, Ga-----------45, 000. 00 Key West Harbor, Fla_..........- __ 40, 000.00 Ohio River, lock and dam construction ------- 420, 000. 00 St. Andrews Bay, Fla_ 37, 000. 00 __------------------ Mispillion River, Del__ ___________ _______ 10, 000. 00 Ouachita and Black Rivers, Ark. and La------- 55, 000. 00 Red River below Fulton, Ark ______________--7, 500. 00 Mississippi River between Wisconsin River and Minneapolis, Minn 147, 531. 86 Oklawaha River, Fla__________ ___ 65, 000. 00 Saugatuck Harbor and Kalamazoo River, Mich_ 6, 500. 00 Ohio River, general improvement-----------350, 000. 00 SBayou Vermilion, La_______________ ----- 10, 000. 00 Indian River, Fla--------------------------- 12, 000. 00 ----- Nome Harbor, Alaska______ ----------- 8, 500. 00 Snake River, Oreg., Wash., and Idaho --------- 4, 000. 00 Pollock Rip Channel, Mass------------------ 50, 000. 00 Humboldt Harbor and Bar, Calif ----------- 130, 000. 00 Channel to Newport News, Va__ 20, 000. 00 Wilmington Harbor, Del_ _________-__----- 20, 000.00 Charlotte Harbor, FlaFFFFFFFFFFFF F 35, 000. 00 Pamunkey River, Va___________________-------1, 000. 00 ------------------------ 1, 000. 00 Mattaponi River, Va__ Alpena Harbor, Mich_ -------- 9, 000. 00 Petaluma Creek, Calif_------------------------40, 000. 00 Miami Harbor (Biscayne Bay), Fla---------- 48, 500. 00 Black River, Mich------------------------- 6, 500. 00 Mattituck Harbor, N. Y--------------------- 5, 000. 00 Milford Harbor, Conn_______________C__C 1, 300. 00 Sandusky Harbor, Ohio__________--------- 15, 000. 00 New Bedford and Fairhaven Harbors, Mass____ 77, 000. 00 Channel from Galveston Harbor to Texas City, Tex__________----------------------------------- 30, 000. 00 Missouri River, Sioux City to Fort Benton____ 25, 000. 00 Shrewsbury River, N. J_-------------------- 15, 000. 00 Tacoma Harbor, Wash________________-------30, 000. 00 Potomac River at Washington, D. C-----------5, 000.00 Pawtucket (Seekonk) River, R. I___----------- 25, 000. 00 Water hyacinths in Alabama ____- _____---- 3, 400. 00 Clearwater Harbor and Boca Ceiga Bay, Fla___ 13, 500. 00 1, 827, 231. 86 The War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923, contained the following provisions: That the following sums are appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the military and nonmilitary activities of the War Department for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1924, and for other purposes, namely: RIVERS AND HARBORS. To be immediately available and to be expended under the direction of the Secretary of War and the supervision of the Chief of Engineers: For the preservation and maintenance of existing river and harbor works, and for the prosecution of such projects heretofore authorized as may be most desirable in the interests of commerce and navigation, $56,589,910. 8 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. From this lump-sum appropriation the following-named sums have been allotted to the localities indicated: Boston Harbor, Mass------- ---- ----------------------- $40, 000. 00 Beverly Harbor, Mass------------------------------------ 75, 000. 00 Plymouth Harbor, Mass----------------------------------- 51, 000. 00 Pollock Rip Shoals, Nantucket Sound, Mass ------ ______ - 50, 000. 00 New Bedford and Fairhaven Harbors, Mass--------------__-_ 42, 000. 00 Providence River and Harbor, R. I_ __________-___ 275, 000, 00 Connecticut River below Hartford, Conn__-- - __- ______-_ . 45, 000. 00 Pawcatuck River, R. I. and Conn_______________________ 33, 000. 00 Duck Island Harbor of Refuge, Conn _______________________ 44, 000. 00 Bridgeport Harbor, Conn ----- ----------------------- 95, 000. 00 Norwalk Harbor, Conn 20, 000. 00 Stamford Harbor, Conn_- --- __ --- -------------------- 12, 000. 00 Greenwich Harbor, Conn_ ____- __ -___------------__ 8, 700. 00 Port Chester Harbor, N. Y------------------ --------------- 25, 000. 00 East Chester Creek, N. Y ------ _____----__-------20, 000. 00 Bronx River, N. Y -------------------------------------- 280, 000. 00 Harbor at New Rochelle, N. Y _____________________---___500. 00 Mattituck Harbor, N. Y 88,000. 00 Jamaica Bay, N. Y--------------------------------------600, 000. 00 Coney Island Channel, N. Y__ _____________- - ____-_____- 20, 000. 00 Buttermilk Channel, N. Y-------- --- ------- -200, 000. 00 East River, N. Y __--------------------------------------- 2, 700, 000. 00 Newtown Creek, N. Y ----------------------- 100, 000. 00 Harlem River, N. Y __________________________________250, 000. 00 Hudson River Channel, N. Y ----------------------------- 100, 000. 00 Rondout Harbor, N. Y------------------------------------ , 000. 60 Hudson River, N. Y----------------- --------------- 220, 000. 00 Newark Bay, Hackensack and Passaic Rivers, N. J------------ 680, 000. 00 New York and New Jersey Channels __-------------- 3, 100, 000. 00 Shoal Harbor and Compton Creek, N. J----------------- 10, 000.00 Shrewsbury River, N. J----------------------------------- 10, 000. 00 Delaware River, Philadelphia to the sea __-- ___------ -2, 000, 000. 00 Mantua Creek, N. J__--- _____------------- 5, 000. 00 Oldmans Creek, N. J- --- ______-------------------------5, 000. 00 Cohansey River, N. J -- ____-------- __-----------------5, 000. 00 Maurice River, N. J___------------------------------------ 5, 000. 00 Absecon Inlet, N. J------ ---------------- 92, 000. 00 Chester River, Pa--------------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Wilmington Harbor, Del WilingonHarorDe--------------------------------- 00 600, 000. 00 600,000. Inland waterway from Delaware River to Chesapeake Bay, Del. and Md--------------------------------------- 1,000, 000. 00 Smyrna River, Del_____-- _________----- ------------- 12, 000. 00 Leipsic River, Del_____________________---------------- 8, 000. 00 Little River, Del--------- 5, 000. 00 Murderkill River, Del___------------------ 5, 000. 00 Mispillion River, Del___________---------______________ 12, 000. 00 Broadkill River, Del___________________----------------- 10, 000. 00 Baltimore Harbor and Channels, Md ----------------------- 520, 000. 00 Potomac River at Washington, D. C________--- -------------- 74, 000. 00 Rappahannock River, Va __-__--------------------------- 42, 700. 00 Locklies Creek, Va-------------------------------------- 4, 100. 00 Norfolk Harbor, Va____________ ------------------------ 450, 000. 00 James River, Va--------------- ----------------------- 32, 000. 00 Inland waterway, Norfolk, Va., to Beaufort Inlet, N. C-------- 400, 000. 00 Blackwater River, Va------------------------------------ 2, 000. 00 Meherrin River, N. C-------------------------------------- 2, 000. 00 Pamlico and Tar Rivers, N. C----------------------------- 12, 000. 00 Neuse River, N. C----------------------- ------------------ 12, 000. 00 Waterway connecting Core Sound and Beaufort Harbor, N. C__ 30, 000. 00 Cape Fear River, N. C., at and below Wilmington -------------- 200, CO. 00 Cape Fear River, N. C., above Wilmington- _ ----- 12, 000. 00 Northeast (Cape Fear) River, N. C ------------------------ , 3, 000. 00 Black River, N. C -------- ----------------------- 2, 000. 00 RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. Congaree River, S. C--------- ------ $10,000.00 Waterway from Charleston to Winyah Bay __ 14, 000. 00 Wappoo Cut, S. C_ 2, 500.00 Savannah Harbor, Ga __ _ 850, 000.00 Savyannah River below Augusta, Ga_ 22, 000.00 Waterway between Beaufort, S. C., and St. Johns River, Fla__ 34, 000, 00 Satilla River, Ga___ 1, 500.00 St. Marys River, Ga. and Fla_ 1,500.00 Altamaha River, Ga--- 12, 000. 00 Oconee River, Ga___ 10, 000. 00 Ocmulgee River, Ga ------ 10, 000. 00 Brunswick Harbor, Ga 184,000. 00 St. Johns River, Fla., Jacksonville to the ocean- 500,000.00 St. Johns River, Fla., Jacksonville to Palatka_______ 5, 000. 00 St. Johns River, Fla., Palatka to Lake Harney__ 10, 000. 00 Oklawaha River, Fla_ 3,000. 00 Miami Harbor (Biscayne Bay), Fla_ 26,000. 00 Kissimmee River, Fla - 5, 000. 00 Sarasota Bay, Fla- 15, 000. 00 Anclote River, Fla .......... __ 14, 000. 00 Suwannee River, Fla 13, 000. 00 Tampa Harbor, Fla- 400, 000.00 St. Petersburg Harbor, Fla ____ 17,000. 00 Apalachicola Bay, Fla__________ 12, 000. 00 Apalachicola River, Fla___ _________________ 25, 000. 00 Flint River, Ga -------------------- 10, 000. 00 Chattahoochee River, Ga. and Ala 125, 000. 00 Channel from Apalachicola River to St. Andrews Bay, Fla ___ . 3, 000. 00 St. Andrews Bay, F'la___ 2, 000. 00 Choctawatchee River, Fla. and Ala ____ . __ 7, 000. 00 Holmes River, Fla_ 1, 680. 00 Blackwater River, Fla___________ _____ 25, 600. 00 Escambia and Coecuh Rivers, Fla. and Ala__ 3, 200. 00 Pensacola Harbor, Fla____________________ 10, 000. 00 Alabama River, Ala __ __ __ 122,000.00 Mobile Harbor, Ala -- 376, 000. 00 Black Warrior, Warrior, and Tombigbee Rivers, Ala______ ___ 28, 000. 00 Tombigbee River, Demopolis to Walkers Bridge, Miss__________ 2, 000. 00 Pascagoula Harbor, Miss_ 30, 000. 00 Gulfport Harbor and Ship Island Pass, Miss------------- 100, 000. 00 Pascagoula River, Miss_______ 4, 000.00 Water hycinths in Fla., Ala., La., and Tex ____ 40, 000. 00 Southwest Pass, Mississippi River_________________----- 930, 000. 00 South Pass, Mississippi River__ 400, 000. 00 Bayou Grossetete, La__________________------------------- 5, 000. 00 Bayou Teche, La _ _------ 55,000.00 Intracoastal waterway, Mississippi River to Bayou Teche, La__ 675, 000. 00 Intracoastal waterway, Calcasieu River to Sabine River, La. and Tex______________________ 400, 000. 00 Galveston Harbor, Tex------------------------------------ Galveston Harbor, Tex_ _________ 90, 000. 00 Galveston Channel, Tex_________----- -------------------- 670, 000. 00 Channel from Galveston Harbor to Texas City, Tex__-______--- 130, 000. 00 Port Bolivar Channel, Tex___________------------------- 20, 000. 00 Houston Ship Channel, Tex______________------------------- 1, 100, 000. 00 Double Bayou, Tex---------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Anahuac Channel, Tex___------------------ 5, 000. 00 Turtle Bayou, Tex--------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Cedar Bayou, Tex----------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 West Galveston Bay and Brazos River Canal_____-__------ 5,000. 00 Channel between Brazos River and Matagorda Bay, Tex __-_. 10, 000. 00 Channel from Pass Cavallo to Aransas Pass, Tex___ _------- 16, 000. 00 Freeport Harbor, Tex ------------------ ----------- 50, 000. 00 Harbor at Port Arkansas, Tex-------------------------- 140, 000. 00 Sabine-Neches Waterway, Tex_____---------------------- 930, 000. 00 Cypress Bayou and Waterway between Jefferson, Tex., and Shreveport, La -------------------------------------- 2, 561.86 10 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Red River below Fulton, Ark_______- ___ $15, 000. 00 Ouachita and Black Rivers, Ark. and La__ 400, 000. 00 Tensas River and Bayou Mason, La_ 5, 000. 00 Boeuf River, La------ 5, 000. 00 Bayou Bartholomew, La. and Ark .. __ 2, 500. 00 Saline River, Ark----------- 1, 500. 00 Bayous D'Arbonne and Corney, La_ 2, 000. 00 Yazoo River, Miss- -- 16, 000. 00 Tallahatchie and Coldwater Rivers, Miss 10, 000. 00 Big Sunflower River, Miss __ 12, 000. 00 Arkansas River, Ark. and Okla_ 26, 000. 00 White River, Ark 22, 500. 00 Black River, Ark. and Mo- 13, 000. 00 Current River, Ark. and Mo____________________________ 2, 000. 00 St. Francis and L'Anguille Rivers and Blackfish Bayou, Ark____ 9, 000. 00 Mississippi River: Between the Ohio and Missouri Rivers_ 800, 000. 00 Removing snags, and wrecks below mouth of Missouri River, etc____________ _____ ___--___- 20, 000. 00 Between Missouri River and Minneapolis 1, 257, 468. 14 Mississippi and Leech Rivers, Minn__ 25, 000. 00 Missouri River: Kansas City to the mouth______________------------ 1, 200, 000. 00 Kansas City to Sioux City ------------------------- 35, 000. 00 Sioux City to Fort Benton _ 15, 000. 00 Osage River, Mo_ 10, 000. 00 Cumberland River, Tenn. and Ky.: Below Nashville- 368, 000. 00 Above Nashville_ 325, 000. 00 Tennessee River, Tenn., Ala., and Ky.: Below Riverton_ ___. -- 194, 000. 00 Above Chattanooga______________________ 20, 000. 00 Chattanooga to Browns Island __ 255, 000. 00 Browns Island to Riverton_________ 50, 000. 00 Survey of -______-- - ------ 100, 000. 00 Ohio River: Lock and dam construction_ 5, 000, 000. 00 Open-channel improvement_ 475, 000. 00 Monongahela River, Pa. and W. Va________ 1, 600, 000. 00 Grand Marais Harbor, Minn_______________-__-___----- 3, 000. 00 Duluth-Superior Harbor, Minn. and Wis___________ 50, 500. 00 Port Wing Harbor, Wis_____________ 1, 000. 00 Ashland Harbor, Wis________________________________--__ 6, 000. 00 Keweenaw Waterway, Mich__ 70, 500. 00 Marquette Bay Harbor of Refuge, Mich__ 1, 000. 00 Grand Marais Harbor, Mich _____________________________-_ 15, 000. 00 Warroad Harbor and River, Minn_ 4, 000. 00 Zippel Bay, Lake of the Woods, Minn_________________ 2, 000. 00 Baudette Harbor and River, Minn_ 800. 00 Manistique Harbor, Mich_______________________________ 6, 000. 00 Menominee HIarbor and River, Mich. and Wis____ 6, 500. 00 Green Bay Harbor, Wis ---------------------- 140, 000. 00 Fox River, Wis ______-- 146, 000. 00 Sturgeon Bay and Lake Michigan Ship Canal, Wis__ __ 19,000. 00 Kewaunee Harbor, Wis 7, 000. 00 Two Rivers Harbor, Wis -- 7, 500. 00 Sheboygan Harbor, Wis______ 5, 000.00 Milwaukee Harbor, Wis-_______- 580, 000. 00 St. Joseph Harbor, Mich-----__________________________- - 25, 000. 00 South Haven Harbor, Mich---------- --- -- 4, 000. 00 Holland Harbor, Mich_________-___ _- - __ -- 5, 000. 00 Ludington Harbor, Mich- 150, 000. 00 Manistee Harbor, Mich__ 34, 500. 00 Frankfort Harbor, Mich_____-- ____------------------- 14, 500. 00 Calumet Harbor and River, Ill, and Ind______------------ 160, 000. 00 Indiana Harbor, Ind ------- ------------------------- 217, 000. 00 RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 11 Michigan City Harbor, Ind----------------------------- $23, 800. 00 Illinois River, Ill -- Q00. 00 1-----------------_ 175, St. Marys River, Mich----- ------------------------------ 80, 000. 00 Channels in Lake St. Clair, Mich.__-___ -- 1_____-_______- 15, 000. 00 Saginaw River, Mich- 60, 000. 00 _------------------------ Alpena Harbor, Mich ------------------------------------- 19, 000.00 Harbor of Refuge at Harbor Beach, Lake Huron, Mich --------- 40, 000. 00 Black River, Mich--------------------------------------- 2, 000. 00 Rouge River, Mich--------------------------------------- 6, 000. 00 Detroit River, Mich_---------------------------------- 400, 000. 00 Toledo Harbor, Ohio-------------------------------------- 50, 000. 00 Sandusky Harbor, Ohio---------------------------------- 33, 000. 00 Huron Harbor, Ohio_--------------------------------------- 2, 000. 00 Cleveland Harbor, Ohio----------------------------------- 20, 000. 00 Fairport Harbor, Ohio __- 5, 000. 00 ___---------------------------- Conneaut Harbor, Ohio 28, 000. 00 Erie Harbor, Pa_ ----------------------------- 10, 000, 00 Buffalo Harbor, N. Y__------------------------------------ 40, 000. 00 Black Rock Channel and Tonawanda Harbor, N. Y__--___--- 196, 500. 00 Charlotte Harbor, N. Y---1----------------------------------- 5, 500. 00 Harbor at Great Sodus Bay, N. Y -------------------- - 25, 500. 00 Harbor at Little Sodus Bay, N. Y-- ----- ____----- -- -- 28, 500. 00 Oswego Harbor, N. Y------......... _--------__---------44, 000. 00 Cape Vincent Harbor, N. Y_ 500. 00 Ogdensburg Harbor, N. Y-------------- ----------------- 1, 000. 00 San Diego Harbor, Calif 00, 000. 00 1--------------------------- Los Angeles Harbor, Calif------- ------------------ ___1, 055, 000. 00 San Francisco Harbor, Calif------------- 300, 000. 00 Oakland Harbor, Calif 235, 000. 00 Suisun Bay Channel, Calif---------------------------------- 13, 000. 00 San Rafael Creek, Calif----------------------------------- 1, 000. 00 Crescent City Harbor, Calif ------------------------------ 200, 000. 00 San Joaquin River, Calif ----------------------- 26, 000. 00 Stockton and Mormon Channels (diverting canal), Calif-------- 5, 000. 00 Mokelumne River, Calif-------------------------------------- 800. 00 Sacramento River, Calif---------------------------------- 95, 000. 00 San Pablo Bay and Mare Island Strait, Calif-__- 130, 000. 00 Nayo River, Calif 6, 000.00 1------------------------- Coquille River, Oreg-------------------------------------- 26, 000. 00 Coos Bay, Oreg ----------------------------------------- 900, 000. 00 Coos River, Oreg----------------------------------------- 3, 000. 00 Umpqua River, Oreg-------------------------------------215, 000. 00 Yaquina Bay and Harbor, Oreg- - - __------ -- -- 139, 000. 00 Columbia River and tributaries above Celilo Falls to mouth of Snake River--------------------------------------3, 000. 00 Snake River, Oreg., Wash., and Idaho------__---- - 13, 000. 00 Columbia and Lower Willamette Rivers, below Vancouver, Wash., and Portland, Oreg-------------------------------900, 000. 00 Clatskanie River, Oreg------------------------------------ 9, 000. 00 Willamette River above Portland and Yamhill River, Oreg.... 25, 000. 00 Willapa River and Harbor, Wash- -------------------- 160, 000. 00 Grays Harbor and Bar, Wash_-_--- -------- ----------- 48, 000. 00 Puget Sound and tributary waters, Wash --- __---------- 24, 000. 00 Lake Washington Ship Canal, Wash------- -.---....- 540, 000. 00 Wrangell Harbor, Alaska_ -------- --------------- 50, 000. 00 Hilo Harbor, Hawaii----- ------------------------------- 375, 000. 00 Nawiliwili Harbor, Hawaii------------------------------- 300, 000.00 San Juan Harbor, P. R-----------------------------------200, 000. 00 Yuba River, restraining barriers_-------- ------------- 15, 000. 00 Pay roll, Office, Chief of Engineers_--__-- 90,000.00 Total.----------------- -- ---------------------- 45, 524, 410. 00 Amount unallotted ---- 11, 065, 500. 00 56, 589, 910. 00 12 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The amounts that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year'ending June 30, 1925, as indicated in the respective reports, are as follows: For river and harbor works (general) ------------------ $45, 428, 065 For examinations, surveys, and contingencies--------- $400, 000 For flood control: Under Mississippi River Commission, Mississippi River and tributaries------------------. 10, 000, 000 Under California DIbris Commission, Sacramento River---------------------------------500, River 000 500, 000 For Wilson Dam, Tennessee River------------- 7, 000,000 17,900, 000 Total ------------------ 63, 328, 065 __-------------- Expenses of California Debris Commission-------------------- 18, 000 THE BOARD OF ENGINEERS FOR RIVERS AND HARBORS. Section 3 of the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, provided for the organization in the office of the Chief of Engineers, by de- tail from time to time from the Corps of Engineers, of a board of five Engineer officers. The act of March 4, 1913, increased this number to seven, and required that a majority of them shall be of rank not less than lieutenant colonel. The duties of the board are fixed by the Chief of Engineers, and it is required that there shall be referred to it for consideration and recommendation, in addition to any other duties assigned, so far as in the opinion of the Chief of Engineers may be necessary, all reports upon examinations and sur- veys provided for by Congress, and all projects or changes in projects for works of river and harbor improvements theretofore or thereafter provided for. In passing upon such works and projects, it is the duty of the board to weigh the cost of construction and maintenance against the probable benefits to commerce and the general public, and to consider the propriety and necessity of the contemplated ex- penditure by the Federal Government. It is further the duty of the board, upon request to the Chief of Engineers by the Committee on Commerce of the Senate or the Committee on Rivers and Harbors of the House of Representatives, in the same manner to examine and report through the Chief of Engineers upon any projects heretofore adopted by the Government or upon which appropriations have been made and to report upon the desirability of continuing the same or upon any modifications thereof which may be deemed desirable. This provision of the law Was extended by act of March 3, 1905, to require the board, upon request of the committees of Congress specified above, to examine and review surveys as well as projects provided for by acts or reso- lutions prior to the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, and it was further modified by the act of March 2, 1907, to include con- sideration of any examination or survey made pursuant to any act or resolution of Congress. Section 13 of the act of March 3, 1909, increased the scope of preliminary examinations and surveys by providing that every report therein ordered shall contain such data as it may be prac- ticable to secure regarding (first) the establishment of terminal and transfer facilities, (second) the development and utilization of water power for industrial and commercial purposes, and (third) THE BOARD OF ENGINEERS FOR RIVERS AND HARBORS. 18 such other subjects as may be properly connected with such project. It further provided that the ihvestigation and study of these ques- tions may, upon review by the board, when called for as now pro- vided by law, be extended to any work of improvement now under way and to any locality the examination and survey of which has heretofore been, or may hereafter be, authorized by Congress." Section 6 of the same act requires the board to pass upon all modifi- cations in plan and location involved in the reconstruction of any lock, canal, canalized river, or other work for the use and benefit of navigation, for which expenditures are authorized by that section. The provisions relating to terminal and transfer facilities, water power, etc., were renewed in the act of June 25, 1910, and extended to apply to all examination and survey reports hereafter provided for. The required investigation of these questions was considerably amplified by the act of March 4, 1913. In January, 1919, the work of the board was extended to include the designing of floating plant for use on river and harbor improve- ments, taking over the work formerly carried on in the marine designing section of the office of the Chief of Engineers. All reports of preliminary examinations and surveys submitted during the year in compliance with the provisions of river and har- bor acts have been referred to the board for consideration and recommendation. In addition, a number of subjects have been pre- sented to it for report in accordance with resolutions of the Com- mittee on Rivers and Harbors of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce of the Senate. The reports rendered by the board from time to time in response to legislative action have been duly presented to Congress. During the year the board also gave consideration to a number of other matters referred to it by the Chief of Engineers. The work accomplished by the board during the year and the status of its operations from its organization up to the close of the fiscal year are shown by the following table: Total Number Number of number completed Number Authority for investigations. investiga- completed during remaining invstigations uthority for tions at close of year end to be ordered. preceding ing June completed. fiscal year. 30, 1923. River and harbor acts ............................. 2,183 1,985 48 s50 Concurrent resolutions of Congress.................... 1 1............ Senate resolutions ............... ............... ..... 1 1 ........ . ...... Resolutions of congressional committees.................. 189 177 2 10. Miscellaneous cases referred by the Chief of Encineers.. 77 70 5 2 Total................. ....... ........ 2,451 2,234 55 162 Number of hearings given at the office of the board during the year ----------------------------------------------------- 19 Expenses of the board during the year_________________- $99, 902. 68 Estimated cost of projects recommended by the board from its organization to June 30, 1923_ .._____________-- __ $421, 720, 126.31 Estimated cost of projects adopted by Congress _________$400, 388,014. 51 Section 500 of the transportation act of February 28, 1920, in- trusts to the War Department certain duties with the object of 14 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. promoting, encouraging, and developing inland waterway trans- portation facilities. Section 8 of the merchant marine act of June 5, 1920, authorizes the Shipping Board, in- cooperation with the Secretary of War, to make investigations similar to those authorized by the transportation act above referred to. Under these acts the board has been assigned the duties of in- vestigating water terminals; advising local authorities relative to the location and planning of water terminals; and compiling, pub- lishing, and distributing useful statistics, data, and information concerning transporation on inland waterways. To avoid duplica- tion of work, a suitable method of cooperation with the Shipping Board has been devised for carrying out these duties. In 1919 the the board took over the work and part of the personnel of the port facilities commission of the Shipping Board. It was later agreed that the board would handle investigations ordered by the mer- chant marine and transportation acts in the joint interests of the War Department and the Shipping Board. Since the early part of 1922, five employees on the rolls of the Shipping Board have been placed at the disposal of the board to assist in this work. Advice and assistance have been given to various ports at their request, some of this work requiring personal visits. Among the ports visited were Norfolk, Corpus Christi, New Orleans, and Hous- ton. Various ports, including Wilmington, N. C., Charleston, Savan- nah, Mobile, Corpus Christi, San Diego, Los Angeles, and San Fran- cisco, were advised by correspondence. Substantial progress has been made in the preparation of the series of reports on the principal ports of the United States, designed to further the interests of importers, exporters, ship operators, and others concerned in the movement of goods through our ports. Reports on Portland, Me., and on Boston have been completed and published, and have been the subject of great interest and favorable criticism from many quarters. During the year efforts were con- centrated upon the advancement of the entire program, including, in all, about 73 ports. Some progress has been made on 57 ports. Reports on Philadelphia and Chester, Pa.; Wilmington, Del.; Cam- den, N. J.; Mobile, Pensacola, and New Orleans are expected to be available for distribution in the near future. Portions of 15 volumes are in the hands of the printer, covering in part the following ports: Jacksonville, Fernandina, Miami, Key West, Tampa, and South Boca Grande, Fla.; Port Arthur, Sabine, Beaumont, and Orange, Tex.; Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Newport, News, Va.; Los Angeles, Long Beach, San Diego, and San Luis Obispo, Calif.; Savannah and Brunswick, Ga.; San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley, Richmond, Santa Cruz, and Monterey, Calif.; Portland and As- toria, Oreg.; New London, Bridgeport, New Haven, Norwalk, and Stamford, Conn.; Baltimore, Md.; Washington, D. C.; and Alex- andria, Va. As the first important step in securing the desired uniformity in commercial statistics, the statistics for the calendar year 1919 were published as a separate volume of the annual report for 1920. The statistics for the calendar years 1920 and 1921 have been similarly published and the work of preparing such a volume for the year 1922 was well in hand at the close of the year. Statistics covering a period of 10 years, or so much thereof as practicable, were compiled RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT. 15 for the port reports on Bellingham, Grays Harbor, Everett, and Seattle, Wash.; Galveston, Texas City, and Houston, Tex.; Jackson- ville, Fernandina, Miami, Key West, Tampa, Port Tampa, and South Boca Grande, Fla.; Beaumont, Orange, Port Arthur, and Sabine Pass, Tex.; Portland and Astoria, Oreg.; and Vancouver, Wash. A table showing the dry-dock facilities available at ports of the United States was revised and brought down to date. A special report was submitted to the Shipping Board on the facts developed by investigation of the port of Seattle, where it was al- leged that switching rates and practices of rail carriers exercised a restrictive effect upon the development of water-borne traffic. A report on the existing status of water transportation upon our in- land waterways, authorized by section 500 of the transportation act, is under preparation. A report has been completed on shore control and port administration, final proof of which was in hand for exami- nation at the close of the year. This report consists partly of a study of the legal phases of port control, and of the ownership of riparian property, which was made available to the board; to this has been added information on the organization and duties of port administra- tive bodies, compiled from data obtained from district engineers. Reference was made in prior annual reports to requests made by the War Department and the Shipping Board that the Interstate Commerce Commission investigate terminal conditions at South Atlantic and Gulf ports, with a view to ascertaining the extent and effects of railroad monopoly of terminals. No decision had been rendered by the commission at the close of the year. A report of the examiner was studied and data furnished the Shipping Board for the purpose of enabling that body to present its views to the com- mission. It still has the matter under advisement. Miscellaneous studies were made in connection with the subjects pending before the board, and in response to specific calls, and tables, graphs and maps prepared as necessary in connection there- with. At the end of the fiscal year the board was composed of the fol- lowing members: Brig. Gen. H. Taylor, Col. H. C. Newcomer, Col. Spencer Cosby, Col. J. C. Oakes, Col. F. C. Boggs, Maj. M. C. Tyler, and Maj. G. R. Young. The changes of membership during the year were: February 9, 1923, Col. G. M. Hoffman relieved, and Col. Spencer Cosby, detailed. Status of works.-Statements derived from the 'ieports of the of- ficers in charge of the various works and given herewith set forth the condition of each improvement and the extent of the work per- formed during the past fiscal year. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT. This district includes the States of Maine and New Hampshire, and eastern Massachusetts from the New Hampshire State Line to Chatham, at the southeast point of Cape Cod. District engineer: Lieut. Col. Wildurr Willing, Corps of Engi- neers. 61637-ENG 1923--- 2 16 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Division engineer: Col. J. C. Sanford, Corps of Engineers, to July 13, 1922; Col. Henry C. Newcomer, Corps of Engineers, acting to July 20, 1922, and as division engineer since July 20, 1922. IMPROVEMENTS. Page Page. 1. St. Croix River, Me_ -___- 16 12. Mystic River, Mass. (A5)_- 46 2. Bar Harbor, Me----------- 18 13. Malden River, Mass. (A6)_ 49 3. Rockland Harbor, Me- ----- 20 14. Dorchester Bay and Nepon- 4. Portland Harbor, Me ------- 22 set River, Mass. (A7)--_ 50 5. Saco River, Me___----_---_ 25 15. Weymouth Fore River, Mass. 6. Merrimack River, Mass----- 27 (A8)---------- ----------50 7. Boston Harbor, Mass -__-.-- 30 16. Weymouth Back River, Mass. 8. Gloucester Harbor, Mass. (A9) ------------------ 53 (Al) ------------------- 38 17. Plymouth Harbor, Mass. 9. Beverly Harbor, Mass. (A2) 39 (A10) --------- 54 10. Salem Harbor, Mass. (A3) 43 18. Provincetown Harbor, Mass. 11. Lynn Harbor, Mass. (A4)__ 43 (All) -- ---- 58 1. ST. CROIX RIVER, ME. Location and description.-This river has its source in a series of lakes in eastern Maine, flows in a southeasterly direction for about 100 miles, and empties into the Atlantic Ocean. The drainage area is about 1,630 square miles. The mean discharge at Sprague Falls, about 5 miles above Calais, as measured in 1903 was 3,131 second- feet. The stream is tidal to Calais, about 14 miles above the mouth. The width ranges from 900 feet at Calais to about 1 mile at the mouth. The stream forms a part of the international boundary. (See United States Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 101.) Original condition.-The river was and is used for logging and power above Calais, which is at the head of general navigation. At Calais the depth at mean low tide was little more than 3 feet, with width varying from 180 to 500 feet. Previous projects.-The first project for improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1867. Work was authorized also by river and harbor acts of March 3, 1881, and September 19, 1890. The total amount expended was $5,000, of which $1,000 was for new work and $4,000 for maintenance. The existing project be- gan in 1910. For further details of previous projects see page 1731 of Annual Report of 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel beginning at the 12-foot contour at Hills Point, about 3.5 miles below the head of navigation at Calais, and extending upstream 12 feet deep and 200 feet wide to the lower steamboat wharf at Calais, thence 9 feet deep and 150 feet wide to the public landing at St. Stephen, New Bruns- wick, and thence 9 feet deep and 100 feet wide to the upper steam- boat wharf at Calais; and for three piers at the ledge 3.5 miles below Calais. The project depths refer to mean low water. The tidal range is from 17.6 feet to 23 feet; the mean range is 20 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1910, is $234,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1910) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1881, provided for the repair of the piers previously built by the Lighthouse Establishment (H. Ex. Doc. No. 27, 46th Cong., 3d sess.) ; the act of June 25, 1910, provided RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT. 17 for the channel (H. Doc. No. 748, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1914, page 1570. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, required that negotiations be conducted by the Secretary of State with a view to cooperation by the Government of Great Britain. As a result of negotiations the Canadian Government agreed to pay 10 per cent of the cost of the work upon completion, and during the fiscal year 1917 refunded the sum of $19,891.65. At the time the existing project was adopted assurances were required that the practice of dumping sawmill waste into the river would be stopped. These have been fulfilled. Terminal facilities.-There are 22 wharves on the commercially developed portion of the river, 21 of which are within 1 mile of the head of navigation. Fourteen of these are on the American side of the river and 8 on the Canadian side. They are, with two exceptions, timber cribs ballasted with stone, and only 3 extend beyond the low- water line. Ten of the wharves are open to public use on equal terms, and 1 on the Canadian side is publicly owned. Seventeen wharves have physical connection with railroads. The facilities are adequate for existing commerce, though they would not be suited to modern transportation methods by large carriers. (For a full de- scription of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work has given 9 feet at mean low tide, when before there was 3 feet or less. The small steamers have been helped, but abnormal conditions have prevailed since shortly after the completion of the dredging, about the last of October, 1916, so that a comparison with previous conditions and an estimate of the effect of the improvement are impracticable. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There was no field work. For office expenses and supervision $1,584.59 was expended, charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is completed. In 1856 three piers were built to prevent vessels being thrown on a ledge about 3.5 miles below Calais. These fell into disrepair and were rebuilt in 1881. Dredging at and below Calais was completed in 1916, at which time the controlling depths were 12 feet at mean low tide up to the lower steamboat wharf at Calais and 9 feet thence to the upper steamboat wharf. The total expenditures under the existing project have been $199,441.46 for new work and $2,389.58 for maintenance, a total of $201,831.04. Proposed operations.-The small balance remaining unexpended will be applied to contingencies. No additional funds will be re- quired for the fiscal year 1925. Commercial statistics.-The tonnage for 1922 has increased over the average of the past four years; the value has, however, decreased a great deal, due to a change in the class of commodites handled. Nearly 84 per cent of the tonnage tyis year was coal, valued at $315,788. Pulp wood comprised about9 per cent, valued at $27,883. The dredging has given 12 feet at mean low tide as far up as the lower steamboat wharf at Calais. Thence to the head of navigation there is 9 feet, but as the mean range of tide is about 20 feet, there is greater depth for most of the time. 18 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Comparative statement. Calendar Short hort V Passengers. Value. Passengers. year. tons. year. tons. 1918......... 23, 355 $553,290 4,000 1921........... 21, 412 $621, 815 (1) 1919.......... 17, 806 340, 779 (1) 1922.......... 45, 416 578, 571 (1) 1920.......... 15, 214 348, 698 (1) 1No statistics available. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ----------------------------------------- $200, 441. 46 Maintenance------------------------------------------6, 389. 58 Net total expended -------------------------- 206, 831. 04 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------206, 891. 65 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........................................................ Expended for maintenance..... ............. $1. 15 .............. 296. 54 $1,584. 59 Appropriated or allotted.... .... ................ ... ........ ....... ...... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ---------------------- $19, 645. 20 Deduction on account of amount transferred to Beverly Harbor, Mass-------------------------------------------------18, 000. 00 1, 645. 20 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance- 1, 584. 59 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-------------------------------- 60. 61 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------------------------------ 23. 41 July 1, 1923, balance available---------------------------------- 37. 20 2. BAR HARBOR, ME. Location and description.-This harbor is situated on the eastern shore of Mount Desert Island, on the coast of Maine, about 150 miles by water northeast of Portland, Me., and about 50 miles east from the entrance to Penobscot Bay. The anchorage, which is about 4,000 feet by about 5,000 feet, depends for protection upon Porcupine Island, supplemented by the breakwater. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 1106. Original condition.-The anchorage and wharves at Bar Harbor were exposed to the seas from the south. The main portion of the breakwater was built in water approximating 50 feet in depth, and the greater part of the area to be protected had natural depths rang- ing from 20 to 80 feet at mean low tide. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This pgovides for a riprap breakwater from Porcupine Island to Dry Ledge and thence in a*direct line to within about 600 feet of the low-water line on Mount Desert Island, the top of the breakwater to be at level of mean high tide and 20 feet wide. The breakwater is to be about 2,500 feet in length and is for protection of the anchorage and landings. The mean tidal range is RIVERS AND HARBORS--BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT. 19 10.5 feet and the extreme 12 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1893, is $420,200. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 11, 1888 (Annual Report for 1887, p. 481). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1891, page 576. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are six principal wharves and a num- ber of landings for small boats. The wharves in general are wooden platforms on wooden piles. Five of the principal wharves are available for public use. Facilities are considered adequate for ex- isting commerce. There is no railroad at Bar Harbor. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The benefit of the improvement consists in protecting the wharves at Bar Harbor and the anchorage area, which is extensively used by costly pleasure craft. Now that the breakwater is to full length the protection is proving of decided benefit. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-There was no field work. The expenditure was $842.49 for supervision, inspection, and office work; charged to new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The breakwater has been ex- tended to its full projected length, but is not to full section through- out. Probably 15,000 tons of stone will be needed to complete it. Practically the full measure of protection has now been secured. The total expenditures have been $402,817.01, all for new work. Proposed operations.-No work is proposed during the fiscal year 1924, and no additional funds will be required for the fiscal year 1925. The unexpended balance will be sufficient to provide for supervision until it is decided to complete the work, should such action be regarded as necessary. Commercial statistics.-The protected area ranges in depth from about 60 feet at mean low tide near the breakwater to about 10 feet at the wharves. The commerce consists of fuel and the miscellane- ous merchandise constituting the supply of a fashionable summer resort. The principal articles of commerce during 1922 were coal (6,182 tons, valued at $77,275), wood (2,307 tons, valued at $23,070), grain and flour (1,509 tons, valued at $75,450), and general merchan- dise (4,978 tons, valued at $1,245,500). Coal comprised about 33 per cent, wood 12 per cent, grain and flour 8 per cent, and general merchandise 26 per cent of the total tonnage. Comparative statement. alendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. alendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918......... 27, 327 $2, 066, 671 53, 618 1921.......... 30, 556 $1, 821, 719 145, 677 1919.......... 20, 648 1, 710, 083 68, 891 1922.......... 18, 903 1, 598, 735 1 39, 842 1920.......... 23, 954 1, 379, 751 51, 687 1 Complete passenger record not obtainable. 20 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ------------------------------ - - $402, 817. 01 Maintenance---------------------------------- Total appropriations to date of this report----------------------406, 591.12 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work ......... $12, 195. 33 $1, 060. 00 $178. 25 $1,254. 01 $842. 49 Expended for maintenance............. .............................. ............... Appropriated or allotted......... .............. .............. ............. ............. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ------------- $4, 616. 60 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work____ 842. 49 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ____________________________3, 774. 11 3. ROCKLAND HARBOR, ME. Location and description.-This harbor is on the westerly side of Penobscot Bay, near its mouth, and about 80 miles northeast of Port- land by water. It is a natural indentation of the coast line, about 10,000 feet in one direction and about 7,000 feet in the other. Pro- tection from the east is afforded by a breakwater extending from the northerly shore about halfway across the entrance. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1106.) Original condition.-The depth at the entrance was and is about 50 feet at mean low tide. Within the harbor, much of which is shoal, the depth ranges from 6 to 30 feet. Before improvement the wharf front, on the westerly side of the harbor, was exposed to heavy seas during easterly gales; there were two groups of dangerous ledges in the anchorage; and the greater part of the wharf front was bare at low tide. The entrance had a width of about 9,000 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a riprap breakwater extend- ing about 4,346 feet southerly from Jameson Point, on the north side of the entrance; dredging the inner harbor in the vicinity of the wharves to depths ranging from 4 to 13 feet at mean low tide; and removing two groups of ledges, one to 22 feet and the other to 14 feet at mean low tide. The mean tidal range is 9.7 feet; the ex- treme 11 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1897, is $1,036.000. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The existing project was authorized by the ,following river and harbor acts: The act of June 14, 1880, provided for the breakwater (Annual Reports for 1881, p. 466, and for 1890, p. 439); the act of June 3, 1896, provided for the dredging in the vicinity of the wharves and for removal of the ledges (H. Doc. No. 85, 54th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned docu- ment. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT. 21 Terminal facilities.-There are 16 wharves, of which 7 are open to public use. Seven wharves have railroad connection. Two are bare at low tide, 6 have 6 feet or less, and 8 have from 8 to 16 feet. The types of construction are timber cribs filled with stone or earth, or solid fills faced with granite walls. Some have wooden-pile addi- tions. Granite and to some extent coal are handled by mechanical equipment. About 15,000 feet of water front have been developed, but some of it to only a minor extent. As a whole, the terminal facilities are of low efficiency, but are regarded as sufficient for the needs of existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The principal benefits have been the pro- tection of the wharf front and the establishment of a commodious and convenient harbor of refuge. The effect on rates has been such as would accrue through the use of larger vessels, made possible by the dredging. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There was no field work. For office expenses and supervision $552.28 was expended, charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1904. The dredging and ledge excavation were completed in the calendar year 1901 and the breakwater in 1904. The latter is in good condition, except for some storm damage to the riprap slope on the eastern side. Vessels drawing not more than 13 feet can reach the steamboat wharf at low tide. At the other wharves there is only about 6 feet. The depth gradually increases from about 14 feet near the steamboat wharf to about 50 feet near the outer end of the breakwater. The expenditures have been $915,862.73 for new work and $9,635.07 for maintenance; a total of $925,497.80. Proposed operations.-There are no funds unexpended from pre- vious appropriations. There has been storm damage to the exterior slopes of the break- water, which has been progressing for several years and should be repaired before serious damage occurs to the structure. The sum of $15,000 for maintenance should be made available for the fiscal year 1925, which will cover the cost of about 6,000 tons of stone, to be placed in repair of the exterior slopes. This amount exceeds the annual expenditure for maintenance during the preceding five years for the reasons stated above. Commercial statistics.-The chief items are coal, oil, and building materials. The average loaded draft of vessels trading at Rockland is 14 feet. Coal, 82,844 tons, valued at $640,917, comprised 45 per per cent; oil, 14,846 tons, valued, at $731,982, comprised 8 per cent; and lime, 43,241 tons, valued at $902,018, comprised 24 per cent of the tonnage. Comparative statement. CalendarShort tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. year. year. 1918.......... 272,336 $16, 380 912 50, 000 1921.......... 2 109, 421 $5, 774, 558 68, 443 1919.......... 128 794 5, 226, 754 73,164 1922.......... 181, 845 5,939,018 1 59, 366 1920 ........ 254244 3 687 696 60,768 1 Does not include EasternSteamship Lines (Inc.), passengers. 2 Full returns not received. 22 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $9.87: work New New ___--_________ ork------------------------------------ $915, 862. $95 6.7 73 Maintenance ------------ ----------------------------- 9, 635. 07 Net total expended----------------------------------925, 497. 80 Total appropriations to date of this report-----------------925, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work ......................... ................................ Expended for maintenance 1..... $621.97 $685. 83 $615.67 $699. 89 $552. 28 Appropriated or allotted....... . ............ ................................... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended________________________--------$554. 48 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_- 552. 28 ______ July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------- 2. 20 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities __--_______-___-______-- ____ 2. 20 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance --------------------------------- 15,000. 00 4. PORTLAND HARBOR, ME. Location and description.-This harbor is on the southwestern coast of Maine, about 100 miles northeast of Boston, Mass. The outer harbor is behind islands in Casco Bay and the inner harbor in Fore River. Northwest of the city is a large bay known as Back Cove, the greater part of which consists of flats exposed at low tide. The main channel from the ocean leads through Casco Bay between the mainland and Cushing Island. It is about 8 miles to the head of navigation at Stroudwater, on Fore River, and about 6 miles to the head of Back Cove. To the anchorage ground opposite the east- ern end of the city the distance is about 3.5 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1106.) Original condition.-The inner harbor in Fore River was and is about 9,000 feet long and about 2,500 feet wide. It had a channel depth of about 25 feet at mean low tide, except at the mouth, where it shoaled to 16 feet. Thence to the sea the least depth was about 42 feet, except for two isolated ledges, over which the least depths were 29 and 30 feet. The wharf front was exposed to swell from the main entrance. In Back Cove the channel depth was about 1 foot at mean low tide. Previous projects.-The original project for improvement was authorized by the river and harbor act of July 4, 1836. Subsequent modifications and additions were authorized by river and harbor act of June 23, 1866; joint resolution of June 5, 1868; and river and harbor act of June 10, 1872. The amount expended prior to adop- tion of the existing project in 1896 was $692,435.25, all for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1736 of Annual Report for 1915. RIVERS AND HARBORS--BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT. 23 Existing project.-This provides for a commodious anchorage off the eastern end of the city, with a minimum depth of 30 feet; for the dredging of the greater part of the inner harbor to a depth of 30 feet, except for the lower part of the main harbor and its channel of approach, where the depth is to be 35 feet; for a channel 30 feet deep and 300 feet wide in Fore River up to the upper Boston & Maine Railroad bridge; for a channel 30 feet deep and 300 feet wide from the anchorage to the Grand Trunk bridge at the mouth of Back Cove; for rock excavation to give a depth of 14 feet between the Grand Trunk and Tukeys bridges, and a channel 12 feet deep and 300 feet wide thence to the head of Back Cove; for the removal of two obstructing ledges in the main ship channel to a depth of 40 feet; and for a stone breakwater about 1,900 feet long on the south- erly side of the mouth of the inner harbor. The project depths refer to mean low water. The mean tidal range is 8.9 feet, extreme 10.2 feet, though variations as great as 16 feet have been observed under storm conditions. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1917, is $1,690,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. T he existing project was authorized by the following acts: The river and harbor act of July 4, 1836, provided for the breakwater (H. Doc. No. 491, 23d Cong., 1st sess.) ; the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, provided for 30 feet over the greater part of the inner harbor (S. Doc. No. 271, 54th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the sundry civil act of March 3, 1905, provided for extensions of the 30-foot depth up Fore River and in the channel of approach to Back Cove; the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, provided for the anchorage, for 14 feet at the entrance to Back Cove, for restoring the 12-foot depth in Back Cove and the 30-foot depth in the approach as well as in the lower part of the inner harbor (H. Doc. No. 489, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) ; and the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, provided for 35 feet at mean low tide in the lower part of the main harbor and the channel of approach and for the removal of two obstructing ledges in the main channel (H. Doc. No. 71, 65th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map see last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, requires that assurances shall be given that adequate berthing space for deep-draft vessels, affording a depth of not less than 35 feet at low wvater of spring tides, shall be provided by local interests within a reasonable time. These have been given and received the approval of the Secretary of War August 27, 1917. Since that date the work covered by these assurances has been practically accomplished. Termina&facilities.-The harbor has a water front of about 8 miles, rather more than one-half of which has been developed. There are 49 wharves, all but 10 of which are in the city of Portland. Seven wharves are used for transportation terminals, 14 for coal and lumber, 8 for manufacturing purposes, 3 for marine construc- tion, and the remainder for general business. There are two publicly owned ferry landings, besides which the city of Portland has a wharf in Back Cove under construction, which, aside from municipal use, will be open to the public. Seven- teen of the private wharves are open to the public upon equal terms. 24 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Twenty-five have mechanical appliances for handling passengers or freight. Thirty have physical connection with railroads, and in the cases of 14 others railroads run either to the heads of the wharves or adjacent thereto. Five of the wharves have 6 feet or less at mean low tide, 22 .have from 10 to 15 feet, 5 have from 16 to 20 feet, 5 from 21 to 25 feet, 5 from 26 to 30 feet, and 4 have 35 feet. One wharf is bare at mean low tide. Two of the larger piers, the Galt wharf and Franklin wharf, have been included within the limits of a new State pier, recently completed. Many of the wharves are of solid fill within stone walls and with wooden pile extensions, while most of the larger ones are built entirely on piles. The transportation terminals are efficient, but in some respects have not been found to be of sufficient capacity to satisfactorily handle the class of vessels offering. The coal wharves are efficient, though somewhat crowded for room in one or two in- stances. Most of the remaining commercial wharves are of consider- able size, but are of an old type, with shallow docks, and are not considered efficient. While existing facilities accommodate the pres- ent commerce, need for betterment has been evident. There is abundant space, but in order to increase terminal facilities it will be necessary to revise and rebuild at least a portion of the older wharfage system. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Improvements made have permitted safe use of larger vessels and, so far as bulk freight is concerned, have influenced such reduction in rates as is affected by larger cargoes. It is estimated that two-thirds of the present tonnage of the harbor would not have been practicable except for the work done under existing and previous projects. In view of the increase in size and draft of ships the trans-Atlantic business could not have been con- tinued and developed. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-There was no field work and there were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is completed except for the removal of two obstructing ledges in the main ship channel to a depth of 40 feet at mean low tide. About 94 per cent' of the entire project has been accomplished. The total expenditures under the existing project have been $1,578,951 for new work and $11,340.80 for maintenance, a total of $1,590,291.80. Proposed operations.-The only remaining item of the existing project is rock excavation in the main ship channel, estimate'd to cost about $100,000. This involves removal of about 3,200 cubic yards of rock to the depth of 40 feet at mean low tide. As the re- moval of these rock ledges does not appear to be sufficiently urgent to require its execution during the fiscal year 1925, no funds need be made available at this time. Commercial statistics.-Duringthe calendar year 1922 coal, valued at $14,846,673, comprised -54 per cent of the tonnage. This is cus- tomarily carried in vessels drawing 14 to 24 feet. The Grand Trunk Railway uses Portland as a winter port and ships large quantities of grain and food products via trans-Atlantic steamers drawing 26 to 34 feet. Grain and flour, valued at $27,533,018, comprised 19 per cent of the tonnage, and fuel oil and other petroleum products, valued at $5,106,146, comprised 8 per cent. The new State pier, RIVERS AND HARBORS---BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT. 25 although still uncompleted, handled about 100,000 tons of freight in 1922. Comparative statement. Calendar Short Passen- Calendar Short Passen- year. tons. gers. year. tons. gers. 1918........ 3,138,152 $138, 823,658 779,773 1921....... 2, 369,881 $90, 954, 909 653, 057 1919......... 2,671,605 154, 057, 352 740,486 1922...... 2, 865, 369 100, 273, 450 705, 716 1920.......... 2,461,237 110,968,626 507,103 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $9.44: New work------- .. -- ---------------------- $2, 271, 386. 25 Maintenance------ --- ---------------------------- 11,340. 80 Net total expended----------------------------- 2, 282, 727. 05 Total appropriations to date of this report ----------------2, 282, 727. 05 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1....... 191,255.71 $36,772.44 ............ ........ ............. Expended for maintenance 1..$2, 451. 48 $651. 19.. Appropriated or allotted............... ........... .................................... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project___-_-__---_-______--______- $100, 000. 00 5. SACO RIVER, ME. Location and description.-Saco River rises in the White Moun- tain region of New Hampshire at an elevation about 1,900 feet above sea level, flows about 105 miles in a general southeasterly direction, and discharges into the Atlantic about 16 miles southwest of Port- land Harbor, Me. The drainage area is 1,720 square miles and the mean discharge at the head of navigation has been estimated at about 1,500 second-feet. The river is tidal ul to Saco and Bidde- ford, about 5 miles from the mouth. Its minimum width between banks below Saco and. Biddeford is about 200 feet, though in places the width is as great as 1,000 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1106.) Original condition.--Above the head of navigation the river has been used for lumbering and affords a large amount of water power. The navigable portions from Saco and Biddeford to the sea, was generally shoal, had a winding course with numerous shoals and ledges, and discharged through a wide sandy beach, where the depth was only 2 feet at mean low tide. Outside the bar the water deep- ened to 30 feet. Previous projects.-Allusion is made to an appropriation made in 1824, but the first regular authority appears in the river and harbor act of March 2, 1827. Additional work was authorized by the river and harbor acts of June 23, 1866; July 5, 1884; and September 19, 26 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS; U. S. ARMY, 1923. 1890. The amount expended prior to the existing project, which began in 1910, was $346,530.12 for new work and $150 for mainte- nance, a total of $346,680.12. For further details of previous projects see page 1738 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel depth of 7 feet at mean low tide from the sea to the head of navigation at the cities of Saco and Biddeford, a distance of about 6 miles, the width to be 140 feet across the bar, 200 feet in the lower section between the jetties, 140 feet in the middle section, and 100 feet in the upper sec- tion to be secured by means of dredging; a small quantity of rock excavation, several small riprap jetties within the river, a riprap breakwater about 4,200 feet long, extending seaward from the north side of the mouth of the river, and a riprap jetty or training wall from the south side of the mouth of the river, practically parallel with the breakwater and about 4,800 feet long. The mean tidal range is 8.8 feet; the extreme about 1 foot greater. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1910, is $55,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1910) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 23, 1866, provided for the breakwater on the north side of the mouth of the river; the act of September 19, 1890, provided for the jetty on the south side of the mouth (S. Ex. Doc. No. 44, 48th Cong., 1st sess.) ; and the act of June 25, 1910, pro- vided for the present channel dimensions and an extension of the jetty on the south side of the mouth of the river (H. Doc. No. 752, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published maps are in the last- mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is a small pier near the mouth of the river which has railroad connection and is used for summer passen- ger business. There are five wharves, all of solid fill construction, at Saco and Biddeford, none of which have railroad connection. Of these, two are unavailable because of rocky berths, one is in poor condition, and two are in good condition. The latter are used for private business and are coal-handling terminals, but are open to the-public on moderate terms. One has modern mechanical appli- ances, with good efficiency; the other is equipped, but the machinery is crude. Depths range from 6 to 8 feet at mean low tide. The traffic is small and is almost entirely coal. The facilities appear to be adequate for existing demands. (For a full description of ter- minal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.--Some reduction has been brought about in water freight rates on coal, probably from 35 to 50 cents per ton, due to the fact that barges could be more fully loaded. This has been more or less reflected in the rail rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There was no field work. For office expenses and supervision $43.56 was expended, charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1914, except for the depth across the bar, which has not RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT. 27 yet been permanently secured. Cuts across the bar were made in 1913, 1914, and 1916, but were only temporarily successful. The depth on the bar varies, but about 6 feet at mean low tide was avail- able in November, 1922. Large quantities of sand for use in con- nection with fortification work have been removed from this locality, and this has lenefited the channel. One or more of the beacons on the south jetty have been destroyed and should be replaced. The total expenditures under the existing project have been $48,619.24 for new work and $8,832.47 for maintenance; a total of $57,451.71. Proposed operations.-No field work is proposed; activities will be confined to supervision, and no additional funds are required at this time. Commercial statistics.-The tonnage for 1922 is less than in 1921, although it is about the same as in previous years. Coal comprised 97 per cent of the total tonnage. The coal dealers had difficulty in obtaining coal by water owing to the coal strike. Loaded vessels can carry not to exceed 13-foot draft over the bar at high tide. Comparative statement. Calendar Short alue. Passen- Calendar Short alue. Passen- year. tons. gers. year. tons. gers. 1918...... .... 37,627 $365, 840 5, 000 1921.......... 67,207 $720, 704 (1) 1919 .......... 45 246 464, 667 6,000 1922......... 44, 299 443,012 (1) 1920.......... 42,715 524, 699 (1) 1No statistics available. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ----------------------------------------- $395, 149. 36 Maintenance-----------------------------------------8, 982. 47 Net total expended-__----------'---- ----- -- 404, 131. 83 Total appropriations to date of this report___---- 404, 271. 75 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............. ................... .......... Expended for maintenance..... $705. 54 $610. 16 $640. 38 $376.71 $43. 5 Appropriated or allotted..................................... ................. .............. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---------------- $183. 48 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance__ 43. 56 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ---- ------------------------- 139. 92 6. MERRIMACK RIVER, MASS. Location and description.-The Merrimack River is formed by the confluence of the Pemigewasset and Winnepesaukee Rivers at Frank- lin, N. H. It flows southerly through New Hampshire and enters Massachusetts above Lowell, whence it flows in an easterly direction 28 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. and discharges into the Atlantic Ocean below Newburyport, Mass., about 55 miles by water north of Boston. Its total length is about 133 miles. The drainage area above the mouth is about 5,015 square miles, and about 4,664 square miles above Lawrence. From Frank- lin to Lawrence the slope is about 2.5 feet to the mile in a series of pools separated by rapids or falls, and full agvantage has been taken of these conditions to develop water power lby dams built at many points down to Lawrence. The low-water discharge at Lawrence averages about 1,643 second- feet during about 29 days in aggregate length during the late suminer and fall, and the flood discharge averages about 19,170 second-feet during an average aggregate length of about 53 days during the late winter and spring. The tidal part of the river is about 22.7 miles long from the sea to the foot of Mitchells Lower Falls, about 2 miles above Haverhill. In this section the average width between banks is about 1,026 feet down to Newburyport, where the river widens out over flats into a broad basin at high water. The low-water slope of this part of the river is about 0.28 foot and the high-water slope about 0.06 foot per mile. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 6 and 1206.) Original condition.-The river had 'a practicable channel 7 feet deep at mean low water from its mouth up to South Amesbury, 9 miles. From there to the head of navigation at Haverhill there was a very narrow and crooked channel, obstructed by shoals and bowl- ders. Above Haverhill there was practically no navigation, the river being obstructed by ledges, bowlders, shoals, and rapids. Previous projects.-The original project, adopted by the act of May 23, 1828, was for improving the bar at the mouth of the river. The project for improvement of the river above the mouth was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 11, 1870, and extended by the river and harbor acts of June 23, 1874, and June 3, 1896. The amount expended prior to the adoption of the existing project (ex- penditures on which began in 1899) was $254,466.72 for new work. For further details of previous project, see page 1740 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep at mean low water, 150 feet wide, from Newburyport (about 2.5 miles above the mouth), 16.5 miles to the railroad bridge at Haverhill. The mean range of tide is 7.9 feet at the mouth of the river and 5.1 feet at Haverhill at low-water stages of the river. The extreme ranges are about 11.7 feet at the mouth and 8 feet at Haverhill. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1897, is $171,442.70, exclusive of amount expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899 (H. Doc. No. 52, 55th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published maps will be found in House Documents Nos. 168, Fifty- fourth Congress, first session, and 1813, Sixty-fourth Congress, sec- ond session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-On the reach of the river between Newbury- port and Haverhill there is on the north bank at the mouth of the RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT. 29 Powow River one coal wharf with a frontage of about 200 feet, serv- ing the town of Amesbury; at Merrimacport one coal wharf of about 55 feet frontage on the north bank; and at Groveland one coal wharf of about 60 feet frontage on the south bank. At Haverhill, below the Haverhill-Bradford bridge, there are five wharves on the north bank, with an aggregate frontage of about 775 feet. On the south bank there are three wharves with an aggregate frontage of 480 feet; only one of these, a coal wharf, is in use for water-borne freight; one is a bulkhead owned by the city of Haverhill, but used only for storage. These wharves are generally wooden or stone bulkheads, filled solid, and in some cases light pile structures; all except the Haverhill city wharf are privately owned and not open to the general public. Between the'lower and upper bridges at Haverhill on the north bank there is about 2,500 feet of quay wall, of wooden or stone bulk- heads, filled. On this frontage the city of Haverhill owns several sites aggregating about 300 feet frontage. These sites are not de- veloped for commercial purposes. There are also two coal wharves with an aggregate frontage of 250 feet. All except the city frontage are privately owned and not open to the general public. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work done has resulted in greatly increased facilities for navigation. The improvement of the channel is reported to enable the delivery of coal by water at rates 35 to 50 cents per ton less than by rail. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No field work was in progress. Expenditures were $64.77 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1907. The controlling depth to Haverhill is 7 feet at mean low water, as ascertained in 1914. About 9 feet draft can be carried at mean low water to Newburyport and about 12 feet in the natural channel from Newburyport to Amesbury Ferry. The total expendi- tures under the existing project have been $115,424.77 for new work and $34,575.23 for maintenance, a total of $150,000. Proposedoperations.-No work is proposed. Funds are exhausted. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft for loaded boats carrying coal, comprising 84 per cent of the tonnage for the calendar year 1922, and valued at $243,906, is 15 feet to Newburyport and 13 feet to Amesbury Ferry, above which barges do not proceed. Coal for Merrimac, Groveland, and Haverhill is discharged at Newburyport into light-draft lighters (6 to 8 feet) and thence lightered up the river. The usual draft for loaded boats carrying petroleum is 9 feet. This item of commerce, valued at $211,274, comprised 14 per cent of the tonnage. Comparative statement. Value. II Calendar year. 30 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2.08: New work-------- ------------------------------- $369, 891.,49 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 34, 575. 23 Net total expended----------- ---------------------- 404, 466. 72 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 404, 466. 72 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work......... ............. .................................. Expended for maintenance 1..... $3.62 $37.32 $13.03 .............. $64.77 Appropriated or allotted........................ 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ----------------------------- $64. 77 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance ... 64. 77 7. BOSTON HARBOR, MASS. Location and description.-This harbor includes all the expanse of tidewater lying within a line from Point Allerton to Point Shirley, and extending from that line westward to the mainland. This com- prises an area of about 47 square miles, exclusive of the islands. The distance from the Point Allerton-Point Shirley line to the Charles- town Navy Yard (via the 35-foot channel) is about 7 miles. Tribu- tary to the harbor and included in its improvement are: (1) Chelsea Creek, which begins in the town of Revere and flows in a southerly direction and westerly for about 4.5 miles, emptying into Boston Harbor at the Meridian Street Bridge. From its mouth to the head of navigation at Slade's Spice Mill dam it is a little less than 3 miles in length and is tidal. Above the dam the creek is a surface drainage brook, extending about 1.5 miles inland through a closely settled area. Records of discharge, etc., are not available. (2) Fort Point Channel, which is a tidal inlet connecting the tidal basin of South Bay, 250 acres in area, with Boston upper harbor. The channel is about 1.25 miles long, and its general direction of flow is northeasterly and southwesterly. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 6, 109, 246, 248, and 337.) Original condition.--The headlands and islands were without pro- tection against the sea, which was extensively eroding them. Rocks obstructed the entrance to the lower main ship channel, which was 23 feet deep at mean low water, with a least width of 150 feet. The upper main ship channel from President Roads to Boston had a least depth of 18 feet at mean low water, with a least width of 100 feet. The channel from President Roads through Broad Sound had a least depth of 29 feet at mean low water, with a least width of 200 feet. Chelsea Creek had a depth of about 8 feet at mean low water from its mouth to about three-fifths of a mile from the head of navigation, at Slade's Spice Mill dam, in Revere, and of about 3 feet beyond. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT. 31 Fort Point Channel originally had a depth varying from a few feet at the head of the channel at Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, to 23 feet at mean low water at the mouth. Previous projects,--The project for the 23-foot main ship channel was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1867. To this project were added from time to time, by provisos in the following river and harbor acts, projects for improvement of minor channels within or tributary to the harbor: Nantasket Beach Channel, acts of June 14, 1880, and September 19, 1890; Jeffries Point Channel, act of September 19, 1890; and Charles River, act of June 14, 1880. The total expenditures were $1,355,698.93 for new work, of which $139,064.51 was applied to the Nantasket Beach and Jeffries Point Channels and Charles River, and the balance, $1,216,634.42, to the 23-foot channel. For further details of previous projects see page 1743 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 40 feet deep in general, but 45 feet deep through rock, from the sea to President Roads through Broad Sound, 2 miles, 900 feet wide except at the outer end where it is widened to 1,100 feet; a channel 35 feet deep from the sea (along the same line as the 40-foot channel) through Broad Sound to the navy yard at Charlestown and the Chelsea Bridge and Charles River Bridge, 1,500 feet wide from the sea to President Roads, 1.5 miles, and thence 1,200 feet wide for the remain- ing distance of 6 miles; a channel 2 miles long, 30 feet deep, and 1,200 feet wide from the sea to President Roads through Broad Sound by a less direct route than the 35 and 40-foot channels; a chan- nel 27 feet deep and 1,000 feet wide from Nantasket Roads to Presi- dent Roads, 3 miles; a channel 15 feet deep, 300 feet wide, and 550 feet long through the bar which extends from the north head of Long Island to Nixes Mate Shoal, known as Nixes Mate or Nubble Channel; a channel in Chelsea Creek 25 feet deep and 150 feet wide, from the Meridian Street Bridge, at the head of the 35-foot channel in Boston Harbor, to the old East Boston (Chelsea Street) Bridge, a distance of about seven-eighths of a mile, and a channel about 1 mile in length next below the head of.navigation, 8.4 feet deep and 150 feet wide, the lower end of this channel being about 2 miles above the mouth of the river; the Fort Point Channel 23 feet deep and 175 feet wide from its entrance in Boston Harbor, about four- fifths of a mile to near the Dorchester Avenue (old Federal Street) Bridge; and sea walls of coursed stone and rlprap protecting the most exposed headlands and islands. All depths are referred to mean low water. The mean range of tide is 9 feet at Boston Light, and 9.6 feet in the upper harbor, in Chelsea Creek, and in Fort Point Channel. The extreme range is about 4 feet greater. The estimate of cost for new work, exclusive of amount expended under previous projects and of sea walls for which no estimate was given, is $11,745,749.68 (see Annual Report for 1917, p. 79, for de- tails). The latest (1917) approved estimate for annualcost of main- tenance is $79,400. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1825, provided for the preservation of the islands by sea walls; the act of August 5,1886, provided for 61637--No 1923-----8 32 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMVY, 1923. Fort Point Channel (H. Ex. Doc. No. 206, 48th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of July 13, 1892, provided for the 27-foot channel (see p. 766 of Annual Report for 1893); the act of June 3, 1896, provided for the channel in upper Chelsea Creek (H. Ex. Doe. No. 162, 53d Cong., 3d sess.) ; the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the 35-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 119, 56th Cong., 2d sess.), the estimate differing from any in that document, owing to the different widths of the channels adopted, and the omission from the project of the removal of Finns Ledge,, at the outer entrance, was authorized by the Chief of Engi- neers March 11, 1913; the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the chan- nel in lower Chelsea Creek (H. Doc. No. 272, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the 40-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 931, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). References to latest published maps: Sea walls and Nixes Mate Channel, page 1178 of Annual Report for 1911; 27, 30, 35, and 40 foot channels, House Document No. 931, Sixty-third Congress, sec- ond session; upper Chelsea Creek, House Executive Document No. 162, Fifty-third Congress, second session; lower Chelsea Creek, House Document No. 272, Sixty-second Congress, second session; Fort Point Channel, location shown on map facing page 770 of the Annual Report for 1903. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions have been imposed by law in connection with the main ship channels. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has voluntarily dredged an anchorage basin 30 feet deep at mean low water, about 1 mile long and 1,000 feet wide, off Bird Island Flats northwesterly from Governors Island and im- mediately adjoining the 35-foot channel, at a cost of about $500,000; has embarked upon a project which includes filling the flats extend- ing southeasterly from East Boston, as well as dredging channels and basins, upon which somewhat more than $2,500,000 has now been expended; has filled an extensive area of the flats at South Boston with material secured by dredging, at a cost of between five and six million dollars; has expended about $1,700,000 in dredging minor channels and approaches to wharves; and has lowered, under its appropriation of $75,000 in 1913 (see H. Doc. No. 272, 62d Cong., 2d sess.), the 24-inch water main of the Metropolitan water system, which crosses Chelsea Creek about 800 feet above the Meridian Street Bridge. In Chelsea Creek the city of Boston in 1913 dredged through the south draw passage of Meridian Street Bridge an area 100 feet wide and 260 feet long; and adjacent to this area, above the bridge, an irregular area 100 feet wide at the downstream end and narrowing to 50 feet wide upstream, 470 feet long, at depths of 30 and 25 feet at mean low water, respectively. The Mexican Petroleum Corporation and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts have dredged jointly an irregular area in Chelsea Creek immedi- ately above the Boston & Albany Railroad bridge, 2,000 feet long, 500 feet greatest width, 25 feet deep at mean low water, with a channel of the same depth and 60 feet wide connecting this area with the Government channel immediately below Chelsea Street Bridge. A total of 483,897 cubic yards were dredged from this area, at a total cost of $111,491.53. Terminal facilities.-The wharf development of Boston Harbor lies westerly of Governors and Castle Islands. Bordering on the RIVERS AND HARBORS--BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT. 33 35-foot channel and below all bridges there is about 4 miles of water front, fully developed with wharves of various types devoted to commercial purposes; and on the Charlestown shore is located the United States navy yard, with a frontage of about five-eighths of a mile. Along the wharf frorit of Boston proper, about 1.25 miles in extent, the wharves are practically all devoted to miscellaneous commerce of the coastwise traffic. The depth of water at them is limited to a maximum of about 25 feet at mean low water, and generally the- berths are of too limited length to accommodate trans-Atlantic ves- sels. These wharves are connected to the two principal railroad sys-- tems on the north and south sides of the city by a belt-line railroad passing through the streets. They consist generally of stone or wooden bulkheads filled solid and faced with pile platforms, and are all privately owned and not open to the general public on equal terms, with the exception of a frontage of about 500 feet, which is owned by the city of Boston and used for park and recreation pur- poses, and a shorter frontage used by the United States appraisers' stores. In East Boston for about 1.12 miles below the Meridian Street Bridge the wharf frontage lacks railroad connection, and the wharves are of more or less temporary character, and generally with depths of water sufficient only to accommodate the smaller class of coast- wise vessels. Farther south along the frontage there are two large wharves with railroad connection, one with depth sufficient to dock large vessels. Southerly of the last-described wharves the Commonwealth of Massachusetts owns a site developed to about one-half its capacity by the construction of a pier intended for general public use. Again southerly, on a frontage of about 1,600 feet, are three large piers and two small piers belonging to the Boston & Albany Railroad. These are piers partly of pile and partly of solid fill, of modern con- struction, capable of accommodating the largest type of trans- Atlantic liner utilizing the port, and with berths of a maximum, length of about 780 feet. These wharves and the Commonwealth Pier have direct railroad connection. Next east along this front is a railway ferry wharf, three small dry docks, and a few small wharves of temporary character for miscellaneous commercial pur- poses. All these wharves except the Commonwealth Pier are privately owned; the Commonwealth Pier and the Boston & Albany wharves are open to the general public on equal terms. Easterly of this wharf frontage the Commonwealth of Massachusetts has under construction a comprehensive development of the area to a point approximately 1 mile easterly of Governors Island and northerly therefrom to the Winthrop shore, to include-a system of large modern piers, extensive manufacturing and storage areas, and complete railroad connections. Only a portion of the bulkheading and filling has been done on this development to date. The Navy Department has taken over Gov- ernors Island, and is formulating plans for its use as a fuel station. On the Charlestown front westerly of the United States navy yard, for a frontage of about 1,400 feet, there are three large piers accom- mondating trans-Atlantic commerce, with depths of 30 to 35 feet, the longest berths being about 600 feet. Easterly of the navy yard are 34 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 192.g. two large piers with a frontage of about 1,400 feet on the channel. These private wharves consist of stone bulkheads filled solid and with pile platform extensions, and are fitted to handle trans-Atlantic commerce. Into Charlestown on this front extends westerly for a distance of about five-eighths of a mile the south channel of the Mystic River, bordered on the north by a stone bulkhead, filled solid and faced with pile platform, of the Mystic Wharf of the Boston & Maine Railroad, having complete railroad connection and berths of generally about 18 feet depth, accommodating coastwise vessels, and one berth at its outer end of about 21 feet depth, accom- modating large transfer barges. On the south side for about three- eighths of a mile below its 'upper'end this channel is bordered by small wharves of more limited depth, accommodating a small class of ,coasting, vessels. These wharves are generally of stone bulkhead, privately owned, and not open to general public use. At the head of the 35-foot channel on the Chelsea water front, in a length of about 2,000 feet, there are several small wharves of insig- nificant value, one large coal wharf, and a recently completed ship- building and repair yard with large marine railway. On the South Boston front a large territory of flats is at present under development. In a length of about one-half of a mile east- erly from the mouth of Fort Point Channel there are three large piers consisting of'stone bulkheads filled solid, all capable of accom- modating trans-Atlantic traffic and all having direct railroad con- nection. These piers are privately owned and are open to the gen- eral public on equal terms. Next east is a large pier of modern construction with two berths each 1,200 feet long, and a depth of 40 feet at mean low water, owned by the Commonwealth of Massa- chusetts, fitted with appliances for expeditious handling of cargo, and open to general public use. Next east lies a large pier devoted to the fishing interests of the port, owned by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and leased to fishing corporations; and still farther east are three small piers of a temporary character. At the easterly end of the development, between the main ship channel and the reserved channel, there has been constructed by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and sold to the Navy Department a dry dock having a length over all of 1,166 feet on the bottom, with width of entrance on top 133 feet and on bottom 109.66 feet, and depth over keel blocks at mean high water of 42.33 feet. On the south side of the reserved channel, on a frontage of about seven-eighths of a mile, extend wharves consisting of stone and wooden bulkheads, filled solid, and pile structures, all privately owned and not open to general public use. They receive coal, lumber, ,etc., of the coastwise traffic. On the north side of this channel, on a frontage of about 1 mile, are the extensive stores and wharf of the Army base, the extreme outer end of which serves as berthing space for both coastwise and foreign traffic. Bordering Fort Point Channel, a subsidiary channel of the upper lharbor, within the scope of Federal improvement there is on its east- ern side about 4,000 feet of wharf frontage devoted to commercial purposes. These wharves consist principally of stone bulkheads, with berths g 'nerally of depths sufficient to accommodate only coast- ing vessels, only one berth taking ocean vessels. On the westerly side RIVERS AND HARBORS--BOSTON, MASS., T DIS RICT'. 35 of the channel there is commercial development only for a distance of about 1,000 feet of wharf frontage, consisting of stone bulkheads, including one wharf of about 157 feet frontage owned by the city of Boston and used as a garbage dump. The remainder of this shore is bordered by an important highway of the city. Above the scope of th2 Federal improvement, along the west and south shores of South Bay, and bordering a channel 12 feet deep, dredged by the Common- wealth of Massachusetts, there is a frontage of about 5,700 feet de- voted to small wharves, consisting of stone and,wooden bulkheads, for shoal-draft coastwise trade, principally of coal, lumber, and other building materials. Of this wharf frontage the city of Boston owns about 1,542 feet, used for sanitary, highway, and sewer department work. The easterly shore of this bay is occupied entirely by rail- road yards and is without wharf development for commercial pur- poses. All the wharves on Fort Point Channel and South Bay except the city wharves are privately owned. Three are open to the general public on payment of wharfage charges and one is a public warehouse. Bordering Chelsea Creek, a subsidiary channel of the upper har- bor, within the scope of Federal improvements and in the section improved to a depth of 25 feet at mean low water, there is on its northern side about 4,500 feet of wharf frontage, consisting princi- pally of stone and wooden bulkheads filled solid, and some small pile piers. On this front is also located a shipbuilding and repair yard with marine railways. These wharves accommodate only light-draft coastwise traffic. For 3,300 feet on the south side of the channel the frontage is occupied by wharves with shoal draft and not generally used'for commercial purposes, but on this side for a distance of about 1,200 feet at the upper end of this 25-foot channel is located a large storage and distributing plant for petroleum and its products, the wharf consisting of stone bulkheads filled solid. On the upper sec- tion of Chelsea Cr ek within the scope of the improvement to 8.4 feet depth at mean low water there are on the south bank three wharves, one consisting of stone bulkheads filled solid and two of pile struc- tures, used for the receipt of coal and building material and for city sanitary purposes. On the north bank, directly above the Boston & Albany Railroad bridge, there is a frontage of about 2,500 feet of wooden bulkhead filled solid, with pile piers in advance, for receipt and distribution of fuel oil. All the wharves on Chelsea Cr ek, except a wharf of the Lighthouse Department, are privately owned and are not open to general public use. The terminal facilities of Boston Harbor are considered adequate for existing commerce, and ample space exists for their extension to meet future demands. (For a full description of terminal facili- ties see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The completion of the 35-foot channel has permitted the establishment of new trans-Atlantic steamship lines. Between 1902 and 1914-the commencement and completion of the improvement-steamships using this port increased in carry- ing capacity from 4,500 to 6,000 tons dead weight to 8,000 to 12,000 tons and drawing from 29 to 33 feet fully loaded. Steamers having a draft of 35 feet or over now enter the harbor, except at mean or near low water. 36 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, TT. S. ARMY, 1923. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Work included detailed examinations at various localities to ascertain facts concerning ob- structions and shoals reported from time to time, numerous bridge hearings, supervision of the extensive harbor, examination into and issuance of numerous wharf permits, investigation of complaints, and the general administration in the interests of navigation of this large harbor and its channels of approach, as well as maintenance of a small floating plant. The expenditure was $38,263:38, charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project has been completed, with the exception of the 40-foot channel, on which no work has been done. Under the existing project seawalls of a total length of about 3.75 miles have been built and are being main- tained on Great Brewster, Lovells, Gallups, Long, Rainsford, Deer, and Georges Islands, and on Point Allerton. The walls are in gen- erally good condition. The expenditures on the seawalls amount to $1,307,567.78, of which $1,263,022.85 was for new work and $44,544.93 was for maintenance. The Nixes Mate or Nubble Channel was com- pleted in 1892, the 30-foot channel in 1905, the 27-foot channel in 1907, the upper channel in Chelsea Creek in 1907, Fort Point Channel in 1909, the 35-foot channel in 1915, and the lower channel in Chelsea Creek in 1916; no expenditure on the 40-foot channel has been made. The total expenditures on these channels have been $9,118,714.59 for new work and $748,765.29 for maintenance; or $9,867,479.88 in all. For details see Annual Report for 1917, page 81. The condition of the 35-foot channel, as ascertained in 1921, is as follows: Except for occasional shoaling, where about 1 foot less depth was found,, and for an area on the edge of the channel at Castle Island, the controlling depth is not less than 35 feet up as far as the South Boston wharves. Thence to Chelsea Bridge in Mystic River, and Meridian Street Bridge in Chelsea Creek, the bottom is somewhat irregular. For the most part the project depth exists, but occasional small shoals were found, over some of which a shoaling of 2 feet was discovered. These are apparently soft mud and not serious. ' The controlling depth of Fort Point Channel, as ascertained in 1917, is 22 feet at mean low water; of the 27-foot and 30-foot chan- nels in 1911, 27 and 30 feet, respectively; of upper Chelsea Creek in 1921, 8 feet; lower Chelsea Creek in 1921, 25 feet; and of Nixes Mate Channel in 1921, 15 feet. The total expenditures under the existing project, exclusive of receipts from sales, etc., have been $10,381,737.44 for new work and $924,129.64 for maintenance; a total of $11,305,867.08. Proposed operations.-Unexpendedfunds will be applied to main- tenance, including administration, supervision of a great number of private projects for bridges, wharves, dredging, etc.; mainte- nance and repair of a small floating plant, minor repairs to sea- walls as necessity arises, minor surveys, etc. Funds now in hand will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. The amount that can profitably be expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance, $40,000, is for the same pur- pose as indicated in the preceding paragraph. The river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, adopted a project for 40 feet at mean low tide for the outer, or Broad Sound, channel; RIVERS AND HARBORS--BOSTON, MASS. , DISTRICT. 3.7 and made unexpended balances ,available therefor. Funds unex- pended were not sufficient to commence the work, and no direct appropriations therefor have so far been made. As there is ap- parently no present urgent need for the prosecution of the 40-foot project, no additional funds need be made available at this time. Contmercial statistics.-The principal articles of water-borne freight, both foreign and domestic, received and shipped at the port of Boston during 1922, are shown below. In this tabulation the port of Boston includes the main waterfront of Boston Harbor, the Mystic, Malden, and Island End Rivers, Chelsea Creek, Fort Point Channel, Little Mystic River, Charles River, Dorchester Bay and Neponset River, Weymouth Fore and Town Rivers, and Weymouth Back River. Amount in Estimated Percentage Principal articles, short tons. value, of total tonnage. Coal.......... ............................................... 7, 315,303 $61,205,786 53 Crude and fuel oil.............................................. 1, 589,126 12 587,302 11 Other oils, animal, vegetable, and mineral ......................... 435183 26, 025, 961 3 Sugar.............. ............................... .......... 522,034 43,746,364 4 Chemicals, including fertilizer and fertilizer materials............ 208,426 10, 673,111 Grain miscellaneous...... ...................................... 305 380 11, 866,400 2 Textiles, including wool, cotton, burlaps, etc ............... 409 453 204, 378, 679 3 Fruit and vegetables .................................... 166. 213 6, 812, 825 1 Sand and gravel ............................................. 521, 296 576,402 4 The approximate loaded drafts of coal barges are 13 to 20 feet, of coal steamers 26 to 27 feet, of oil tankers 24 to 27 feet, and of sugar steamers 17 to 20 feet. Other cargo, including grain, re- quires no special type of vessel and is carried in large trans-Atlantic steamers of varying deep draft. During 1922 about 41 per cent of the foreign clearances (or about 35 per cent of the net registered-tonnage clearance) were in ballast. This number, however, includes the return trips of empty oil tankers and of small Canadian fishing and lumber boats. Comparative statement. PORT OF BOSTON. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918............... 1 8,178, 015 $588, 712,842 1921................. 9, 752, 841 $616, 096,284 1919 .................. 8 957738 760,047,478 1922............... . 13,993,646 674, 603,665 1920............. 8, 685,528 973,377,861 1 Incomplete and partly estimated. The marked increase in tonnage for 1922 is accounted for as fol- lows: (a) The abnormal receipt of 1,750,098 tons of foreign coal to relieve shortage caused by the coal strike; (b) greatly increased tonnages in staple articles of import; (c) the. establishment of three new steamer lines; (d) the inclusion for 1922 of figures for Charles River and Little Mystic River, formerly omitted from the annual report as not under Federal improvement. Foreign imports in- creased from 2,149,392 short tons in 1921 to 4,608,732 short tons 38 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. in 1922; and domestic receipts from 5,803,684 tons to 7,347,410 tons; but exports and domestic shipments showed only a slight increase. During 1922 about 3 per cent,.of the import tonnage. arrived on vessels touching at other American ports before entering the port of Boston, and about 16 per cent of the export tonnage left on vessels touching at other American ports after clearing Boston, as against 2 per cent and 8 per cent, respectively, in 1921. Two trans-Atlantic lines were established during the year, one between Boston and the Far East, and one from Baltimore via Boston to Antwerp and Rotterdam; and one coastwise line was established for express freight from Boston through New York and Philadelphia to Pacific coast ports. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $934.48: New work-------------------------------------- $11, 737, 436.37 Maintenance --------------------- 924, 129.64 Net total expended------------------------------12, 661, 566. 01 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------- 12, 709, 827. 58 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work... ... ............................. Expended for maintenance1 ..... $38,141.29 $486,090.10 $32,989.12 $18,438.32 $38, 263.38 Appropriated or allotted......... 80,000.00 25,000.00 .............. 40,000.00 40,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ---- ---------------------- $46, 524. 95 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved March 2, 1923---------------------------------- 40, 000. 00 86, 524.95 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for main- tenance --------------- ------------------------------ 38, 263. 38 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended__------------------------------ 48, 261. 57 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-------------------------- 2, 197. 81 July 1, 1923, balance available----------------------------- 46, 063. 76 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-----------------------------------1, 545,000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance---------------------------- 40, 000. 00 GLOUCESTER, BEVERLY, SALEM, LYNN, PLYMOUTH, AND PROVINCE- TOWN HARBORS; MYSTIC, MALDEN, WEYMOUTH FORE AND WEY- MOUTH BACK RIVERS, AND DORCHESTER BAY AND NEPONSET RIVER, MASS. (GROUP A.) 8. GLOUCESTER HARBOR, MASS. (Al.) For a full description of the existing project, which is com- pleted, see Annual Report for 1922, page 135. No expenditures have been made during the fiscal year, no balance is available, no Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT. 89 work is now proposed, and no estimate is submitted; the project is in satisfactory condition and provides navigation facilities at the present time. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work-- - ------- ---------------------- $522, 178. 84 Maintenance -__ 004.16 1------------------------ Net total expended-------------------------------- 538, 183. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report ------,---------- 538, 183. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............. . ....................... ........ .. ............ Expended formaintenance.... ... .............................................. ........ Appropriated orallotted ........... ... .. ............ ............. ............. 9. BEVERLY HARBOR, MASS. (A2.) Location and description.-This harbor is a small indentation at the western end of Salem Bay and immediately adjacent to Salem Harbor on the south, from which it is separated by Salem Neck. It is formed by the confluence of the three branches of a tidal inlet called North River, Danvers River, and Beverly Creek, and is about three-eighths of a mile wide opposite the wharves. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 6 and 244.) Originalcondition.-The harbor had a practicable channel 18 feet deep at mean low water extending from deep water at Monument Bar Beacon for about 1 mile to its head (about 600 feet below the highway bridge), sufficient for the commerce of the harbor and of its three tributary streams, but the channel was circuitous at the en- trance. Previous projects.-These were adopted by the river and harbor acts of June 13, 1902, and March 2, 1907. The amount expended on these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1919 was $48,482.35 for new work and $642.65 for maintenance, a total of $49,125. For further details of previous projects see page 1741 of Annual Report for 1915 and page 124 of Annual Report for 1918 (under the heading Existing project). Existing project.-This provides for a channel 24 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide, increased at entrances and curves, from deep water to the rock shoal near Essex Bridge. The mean range of tide is 9 feet; the extreme range is 12.7 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1920 is $321,000, ex- clusive of amount expended under previous projects. No estimate of annual cost of maintenance has been made. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 220, 63d Cong., 1st sess., as modified by R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 8, 63d Cong., 2d sess.), and the estimate of cost was revised and the requirements as to local cooperation were altered by a provision in the river and harbor act approved Septem- ber 22, 1922 (H. Com. Dec. No. 7, 66th Cong., 3d sess.). The latest 40 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. published map is in House Document No. 220, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The conditions imposed by the river and har- bor act approved September 22, 1922, are that before work is under- taken the following sums shall be deposited to the credit of the Secretary of War: $50,000 from the Commonwealth of Massachu- setts, $25,000 from the city of Beverly, and $25,000 from the coal and oil or other local interests, and that the city of Beverly shall give evidence satisfactory to the Secretary of War that if and when needed it will furnish a suitable public wharf or terminal between Essex Bridge and Tucks Point, to be open to all water carriers on equal and reasonable terms. The requirements as to local cooperation have been fully complied with, and met approval of the Secretary of War February 26, 1923. Terminal facilities.-On the north shore of the harbor below the bridges, with a total dockage of 1,609 feet, are seven wharves. One, a pile structure with dockage of 402 feet, is used for coal; and one of stone, with frontage of 250 feet, is used for crude oil; these two wharves have railroad connection. The other wharves are small, of stone walls or wooden bulkheads filled solid, or of piles. Two are private coal wharves; one is publicly owned (by the city of Salem), and two others, in poor condition, are used intermittently by the public. On the south or Salem side are two wharves, one a private wharf used for receipt of coal and oil, and one a small pier owned by the city of Salem; the former open to all cargoes on payment of wharf- age, the latter with no adequate depth of water. Above the Essex Bridge and beyond the scope of the improvement are two small wharves of masonry wall, solid fill and pile extension, one used as a boat runway. On the east side of Beverly Creek are two large lumber wharves of pile extension, timber bulkhead and solid fill, with a total dockage of 824 feet; a coal wharf of similar con- struction with dockage of 175 feet; and a wharf of 60 feet frontage, pile extension, timber bulkhead and solid fill, originally intended for the receipt of coal but at present used as a yacht-club landing. All of these are privately owned and not open to the general public. These facilities are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement to 18-foot depth is re- ported to have effected a reduction in freight rates of 25 cents per ton on bituminous coal; and has resulted in greatly increased facili- ties for navigation. Operations and results during fiscal year.-A survey was made in the spring as soon as weather conditions permitted; results were plotted, quantities of dredging computed, and specifications prepared with a view to advertising the dredging at an early date. Expendi- tures were $1,985.66, all for new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Work under the existing project has not yet been commenced. In the 18-foot channel of the previous project the depth, as ascertained in 1923, was 18 feet. The total ex- penditures under the existing project have been $1,985.66, all for new work. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT. 41 Proposed operation.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended balance to the dredging covered by the project, involving the re- moval of about 600,000 cubic yards of material. It is expected that this work will be completed shortly before the close of the fiscal year 1924. The dredging operation will not produce the project width and depth, due to the existence of ledge rock in the channel, and it is important that the ledge excavation, estimated at about 3,700 cubic yards, should follow closely, and that it should all be included in a single contract. The amount which should be made available for the fiscal year 1925, in addition to the amount unexpended June 30, 1924, to provide for the ledge excavation, is $61,000. Commercial statistics.-The portion of Beverly Harbor most directly served by the improvement is that below Essex Bridge. Commerce also passes through the bridge to Beverly Creek and Danvers River. Below Essex Bridge, coal, valued at $1,371,219, comprised 60 per cent of the tonnage for the calendar year 1922; and petroleum products, valued at $4,544,175, comprised 39 per cent. The usual drafts of coal vessels are 13 to 18 feet, and of oil vessels 12 to 25 feet. Comparative statement. Year. Tons. Value. Year. Tons. Value. 1918.......... ............. 389,944 $4,813, 677 1921................ ...... 260,085 $6, 438, 844 1919...................... 336,201 5,826, 701 1922........ .............. 1332,751 1 5,921,394 1920 ..................... 244, 973 6,113, 645 1 Exclusive of through traffic to Beverly Creek and Danvers River, 13,491 tons, $139,155. Financial summary. UNITED STATES FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $122.24: New work ----------------------------------- $50, 468. 01 Maintenance 6----_.--------------- 642. 65 Net total expended-------- ----------------- 51, 110. 66 Total appropriations to date of this report------ ----------- 209, 090. 41 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 * 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ ............ ... .... . ........ ....................... $1,985.66 Expended for maintenance...... ......................... I....................... Appropriated.or allotted........ $61, 500. 00 ..... .... ... . ........... $98,465.41 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-------------------------$61,500. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923-------------------------------------------- 75, 000. 00 Amount transferred from St. Croix River, Me-----------------18, 000. 00 Amount transferred from Mystic River, Mass------------------ 5, 365. 16 Amount transferred from Provincetown Harbor, Mass------------ 100. 25 159, 965. 41 42 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year for new work__ $1, 985. 66 1923, balance unexpended--------------------------- July 1-, 157,979. 75 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-------- ------------------------------- 161, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work .... _____----__ _61, -- 000. 00 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work --------------- Maintenance-------------------------------- Total contributions to date of this report_--- $100, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 new work..................................................... Expended for Expended for maintenance..... ...................... ......... ................. Contributed..................... ......................................... $100,00 Contributed by Commonwealth of Massachusetts, city of Beverly, and private interests _______-----------------______ $100, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended _ ____________--------__ 100, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR BEVERLY HARBOR, MASS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $122.24: New work ..... $50, 468. 01 Maintenance- - 642. 65 Net total expended ----------- 51, 110. 66 Total appropriations and contr butions to date of this report- -.- 309, 090. 41 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1.. ............................ $1,985.66 Expended formaintenance....... ....... ..................... ........ ............. Appropriated, contributed, or allotted ...................... $61, 500. 00 .............. .......... .......... ... 198, 465. 41 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--- ---- $61, 500. 00 4 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923 ---------------------------- ----- 75, 000. 00 Amount transferred from other works in district-_ 23, 465.41 Contributed by Commonwealth of Massachusetts, city of Beverly, and private interests _---------------------------------- 100, 000. 00 259, 965. 41 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work__ 1, 985. 66 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--- --- ---- 257, 979. 75 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT. 4.3 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------------------------- 1$61, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work--------------------------------61, 000.00 10. SALEM HARBOR, MASS. (A 3). For a full description of the existing project, which is completed, see Annual Report for 1919, page 144. No expenditures have been made during the fiscal year, no balance is available, no work is now proposed, and no estimate is submitted; the project is in satisfactory condition and provides navigation facilities at the present time. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work . ------------------------------ - $63, 868. 66 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 7, 500. 00 Net total expended----------------------------------71, 368. 66 Total appropriation to date of this report --------------------- 71, 368. 66 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........ ............................ .............. Expended for maintenance...... .............. ..... ............................... Appropriated or allotted.... .......................................... 11. LYNN HARBOR, MASS. (A4.) Location and description.--Lynn Harbor, formed by a natural in- dentation of the coast line, is distant about 14 miles by water in a northeasterly direction from Boston. It is about 3 miles in extent from north to south and has an average width east and west of about 1.5 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 6 and 337.) Original condition.-Three narrow and crooked channels, in which the depth was but 6 feet at mean low water, extended from the sea to the wharves through flats, the greater part of which were bare at low water. Previous projects.-The original project for Lynn Harbor was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882, and modified in 1884 and 1888. The western (Saugus River) channel project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, and the project for the main ship channel by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. The amount expended prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1910) was $286,437, all for new work. For further details of previous projects, see page 1742 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.--This provides for widening to 300 feet the ex- isting channel from the sea to the wharves, 13,500 feet long, and increasing the turning basin to 500 feet square, all to the depth of 15 1 Exclusive of available funds. 44 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. feet at mean low water. The mean range of tide is 9.2 feet. The ex- treme range is 13.3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1908, is $179,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $6,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 948, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map (1900) is in House Document No. 78, Fifty-sixth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project. None. Local cooperation.-No conditions have been imposed by law. The Commonwealth.of Massachusetts has dredged at the head of Lynn Harbor, immediately east of the Government turning basin and channel, an anchorage basin to the depth of 8 feet at mean low water; and a channel in Saugus River of the following dimensions: 12 feet deep at mean low water from the 12-foot contour in Broad Sound southerly from the Point of Pines to the Boston & Maine Railroad bridge, 250 feet wide through the bar at the entrance, 200 feet wide to a point just north of Point of Pines, then 100 feet wide to the Boston & Maine Railroad bridge; 18 feet deep at mean low water and 230 feet wide from this bridge westerly about 800 feet; 6 feet deep at mean low water and 60 feet wide from said last point to Fox Hill Bridge. The total amount expended by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts at this locality is put at about $250,000, of which about $37,500 is reported to have been contributed locally. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities lie around the basin at the head of the main ship channel, and consist of 7,500 feet of wharf frontage, mainly of stone or wooden bulkhead filled solid and partly of pile structures. On the west shore of the harbor is a large private coal and supply wharf of about 1,500 feet frontage. This wharf is approached by a branch channel from the main ship channel, dredged by the owner. On the north shore of the harbor are two wharves owned by the city of Lynn, one of masonry with pile platform, of 555 feet frontage, and.one of masonry without pile platform, of 115 feet frontage, both in poor condition and used for storage of street materials, etc. No wharves exist on the Saugus River channel within the scope of its improvement by the Federal Government. Immediately above the Boston & Maine Railroad bridge, about 1.5 miles above the mouth of the river, is a wharf with about 516 feet frontage on the north bank of the river. This wharf consists of a pile and timber bulk- head filled solid, with pile platform extension. At a point about 1,500 feet farther up the river, immediately below the Salem-Lynn turnpike bridge, on the north bank, is a pile wharf with about 175 feet frontage; and about three-fourths of a mile above this bridge, on the north bank, in the town of Saugus, is a large wharf consisting of wooden bulkhead and earth dike filled solid and having a frontage of about 500 feet; but neither wharf is in use for water-borne freight. All the wharves in Lynn Harbor and Saugus River except the city wharves are privately owned and are not open to general public use. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) RIVERS AND HARBORS--BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT. 45 Effect of improvement.-The deepening of the channel to 15 feet enables the smaller barges to carry full cargoes of coal to the wharves at all stages of the tide and barges of the greatest draft during the higher stages. It has been reported by local commercial interests that the cost of transportation was reduced 25 cents per ton by deepening the channel to 10 feet, and further reduced by increasing the depth to 15 feet. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No field work was in progress. Expenditures, amounting to $533.69, were for office ex- penses, and are charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1913. In 1916 the inner channel and basin were redredged to the project dimensions, and a controlling depth of 15 feet at mean low water was restored. The western (Saugus River) channel in Lynn Harbor was dredged under a previous project to a depth of 8 feet at mean low water and 150 feet wide; but this improvement has been superseded, except for about 2,800 feet at the outer end, by the 12-foot channel dredged by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in Broad Sound and Saugus River. The total expenditures under the existing project have been $125,792.14 for new work and $59,404.50 for maintenance; a total of $185,196.64. Proposed operations.-Nothing is proposed. Commercial statistics.-The usual drafts for loaded boats carrying coal, which comprised 80 per cent of the tonnage for the calendar year 1922, and was valued at $1,598,886, are 12 to 22 feet. Other freight included lumber, sand, gas oil, and the miscellaneous cargoes of an express barge line between Lynn and Boston of less than 10 feet draft. The decrease in tonnage for 1922 is due to smaller receipts of coal. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918.................... 309,931 1 $2, 281,806 1921 ...................... 285, 729 $14, 458, 216 1919.................... 274, 639 11, 536, 418 1922.................... 246, 285 11, 859, 231 1920 ................... 264, 026 12,607, 116 1 Value of miscellaneous cargo not estimated. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $0.39: New work---- ------------------- $412,229.14 Maintenance ------------------------ 59, 404. 50 Net total expended- -- ------------- ------_ 471, 633. 64 Total appropriations to date of this report ------------------- 471, 637. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work......... ............. . ......... ............. Expended for maintenance 1..... $415.40 ................. ............$99.18 $533.69 Appropriated orallotted..... . I. ................... ................... ............. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 46 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------------$537. 05 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance- 533. 69 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_ - -- ___-___- -_ 3. 36 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ___________-______- 3. 36 12. MYSTIC RIVER, MASS. (AS.) Location and description.-This river rises in Mystic Lakes, Mass., flows in a southeasterly direction, and empties into Boston Harbor near the Charlestown Navy Yard. It is 7 miles in length and is a tidal stream for about 5 miles above its mouth to Cradock Bridge, Medford, the head of commercial navigation, where it is closed by a dam forming a pond in the Metropolitan Park system. No records of discharge, etc., are available. The river between the two sections under improvement has a natural channel sufficient for commerce. (See United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 6, 109, and 337.) Original condition.-The river up to Island End River (a dis- tance of 2,700 feet) had a narrow channel 14.4 feet deep at mean low water, but so narrow above the Chelsea (north) drawbridge as to be barely practicable. Above Island End River there was a prac- ticable channel 6 feet deep at mean low water to Dennings Landing, about 4 miles above the mouth in Boston Harbor, and 4 feet deep at mean low water about 2,000 feet farther. Previous projects.-The original project for the lower Mystic was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, and cur- tailed by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910. The amount expended on the original project prior to the adoption of the exist- ing project (expenditures on which began in 1910) was $125,723.20 for new work and $10,281.92 for maintenance, a total of $136,005.12. For further details of previous project see page 1743 of Annual Report for 1915. There has been no previous project for the upper Mystic. Existing project.-This provides for (a) a channel 30 feet deep at mean low water from the mouth of Island End River through the Chelsea (north) Bridge to the 35-foot channel of Boston Harbor, about one-half mile, 600 feet wide at the upper end, and gradually narrowing to 300 feet wide at the lower end, and widening of the entrance channel leading to Mystic Wharf. (b) A channel 6 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide from the Boston & Maine Railroad (western division) bridge to about 2,500 feet above Wellington Bridge, about 1 mile, and thence 4 feet deep at mean low water, gradually narrowing from 100 feet to 50 feet at the upper end for about 2 miles to the head of navi- gation at Cradock Bridge in Medford. The mean range of tide is 9.6 feet. The extreme range is 13.7 feet. The estimates of cost, exclusive of amounts expended under pre- vious projects, are (a) for new work in the lower Mystic, $172,000, made in 1908; the latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,500; (b) for new work in the upper Mystic, $25,000, made in 1891; the latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of'maintenance is $2,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: (a) The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the improve- RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT. 47 merit of the lower Mystic (H. Doc. No. 1086,' 60th Cong., 2d sess.) ; (b) the act of July 13, 1892, provided for the improvement of: the upper Mystic (Annual Report for 1891, p. 672). A map showing the entire river is published in House Document No. 2108, Sixty-fourth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-No conditions have been imposed by law. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has dredged to the depth of 30 feet at mean low water the area known' as the " Middle Ground " lying between the Federal 30-foot channel and Mystic Wharf; a channel 600 feet wide and 30 feet deep at mean low water from Island End River, the head of the Federal 30-foot channel, to a point 2,800 feet up the river; from this point a channel 300 feet wide narrowing to 200 feet, and 16 feet deep at mean low water, for a further distance of 2,000 feet. The above work was done at a cost of approximately $410,000. Terminal facilities.-In the section of the river benefited by the 30-foot channel project and the extension of that depth created by the Commonwealth of Masachusetts, there are on the south bank of the river five wharves aggregating about 5,646 feet of berthing space. These wharves consist of substantial stone or wooden bulk- heads, filled solid and in many cases fronted by pile platforms. On the north bank of the river within the scope of this improvement there is a large wharf for receipt and shipment of oil on an extensive scale; on the west bank of Island End River, which flows into Mystic River on the north at the head of the 30-foot channel, are situated two large terminal wharves, of 800 feet dockage, for receipt and shipment of coal, coke, tar, and oil. These wharves are con- nected with the 30-foot channel by a channel 24 feet deep at mean low water dredged by private interests. None of the above wharves is publicly owned, and nbne is open to general public use. Beyond the scope of the 30-foot channel improvement, and ap- proaching and within the scope of the improvement of the upper, Mystic, there are on the south bank in Charlestown and Somerville about 1,850 feet, and on the north bank in Medford about 1,235 feet of available dockage, of which 450 feet on the south bank and 435 feet on the north bank are customarily in use. These wharves con- sist of stone and wooden bulkheads, solid filled. None is publicly owned, but two are open to the public on payment of wharfage charges. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has been of great ad- vantage to shipping interests in permitting the use of larger vessels, especially as to the lower Mystic, where the deepest draft tankers en- ter at mean low water. As to the upper Mystic, the benefits have not been so great, due to the narrow and crooked channel and the diffi- culty in securing barges adapted to the conditions. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There was no field work. Expenditures were $863.99 for office expenses, charged to maintenance. 61637-ENG 1923-4 48 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Condition at end of fiscaZ year.--The existing project has been completed. To adapt the project to the openings in the draw span of the new bridge built by the city of Boston, the channel above the bridge was widened along the western edge; this work was completed in 1914. In 1916 the channel was cleared of shoals, restoring a controlling depth of 30 feet at mean low water. A channel of the projected dimensions was completed in the upper Mystic in 1906. A survey in 1916 showed that the portion of the channel normally 6 feet deep had an available depth of about 4.5 feet at mean low water, and that while the portion of the channel normally 4 feet deep had that depth throughout its length the width had been contracted by caving of the banks. At Cradock Bridge, Medford, 5 miles above the mouth of the river, is a dam built and maintained by the Com- monwealth of Massachusetts. The river at this point is 110 feet in width. The dam includes a boat lock 60 feet in length, canoe roll- way, and' weirs and sluice gates. The dam is intended to maintain the river about 3 feet below mean high water and with a navigable depth varying from 7 feet at the dam to 4 feet at the lower Mystic Lake. Data concerning lock: Dimensions: 15 feet wide, 45 feet long. Lift: 6.3 feet above mean low water. Completed: 1909. Cost : Unknown. The total expenditures under the existing project have been, for the lower Mystic, $126,632.03 for new work and $14,993.88 for main- tenance, a total of $141,625.91; for the upper Mystic, $28,794.88 for new work and $250 for maintenance, a total of $29,044.88. Proposed operations.-The unexpended funds are applicable to maintenance of the upper Mystic. No justifiable reason for further work at this locality is evident at the preseht time, and unexpended funds are being held until necessity becomes more apparent. No additional funds are required at this time. Commercial statistics.-Coalcomprised 63 per cent of the tonnage for the calendar year 1922, valued at $17,317,268; crude and fuel oil 26 per cent, valued at $6,235,874; sugar 7 per cent, valued at $21,357,- 574. The usual drafts for loaded boats carrying coal are 11 to 30 feet, oil 26 to 29 feet, and sugar 18 to 21 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918................... 5,082, 250 $44, 920, 304 1921 1.. ........ 2, 409,095 $36, 533,718 1919............ ......... 1,947,100 29,166, 795 1922 1................... 3,325,472 48,088,146 1920 1................... 1,187, 565 281, 508, 588 1 Exclusive of through freight traffic to Island End River and Malden River. 2High value due to abnormal rise in sugar. All water-borne freight for Island End River or Malden River passes also through a portion of the Mystic River, and is included in all complete tables for the Mystic for years prior to 1920. RIVERS AND IARBORS--BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT. 49 Financial sufmmary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2.43: New work--------- ------------------------------ 281, 150. 11 Maintnance -------------------------------- --- 25, 525. 80' Net total expended-------. --------------------------- 306, 675. 91 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 330, 684. 84 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923. Expended for new work ................................... . ................ ......... Expended for maintenance 1..... ....... 17664 $483.89 $296.69 $863. 99 Appropriated or allotted........ I....................................... ........ 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended__ ---------------------------- $30, 238. 08 Deduction on account of amount transferred to Beverly Harbor, Mass --------------------------------- _--- 5, 365. 16 24, 872. 92 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 863. 99 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended 24, 008. 93 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------------------------ -- 8. 93 July 1, 1923, balance available, only for maintenance------------- 24, 000. 00 13. MALDEN RIVER, MASS. (A 6.) For a full description of the existing project, which is completed, see Annual Report for 1922, page 146. No expenditures have been made during the fiscal year, no balance is available, no work is now proposed and no estimate is submitted; no reports have been received that the project is otherwise than in a satisfactory condition. It provided navigation facilities at the time the improvement was turned over to the Commonwealth for maintenance, in August, 1921. Financial sunmary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work--__ _------------------------ $104, 853. 08 Maintenance___ __-_ _ 45, 096. 92 Net total expended----------- 149, 950. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report 49, 950. 00 1---------------------- Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........ .............. $82. 50 $78,606.37 $58. 45 ............. Expended for maintenance....... $333.31.......................... Appropriated or allotted....................... ................................ SIn addition, $62,000 was expended from contributed funds. 50 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 14. DORCHESTER BAY AND NEPONSET RIVER, MASS. (A 7.) For a full description of the existing project, which is completed, see Annual Report for 1922, page 149. No expenditures have been made during the fiscal year, no balance is available, no work is now proposed and no estimiate is submitted; the project is in satisfactory condition and provides navigation facilities at the present time. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work_ ------------------------------------------ $94, 584. 55 Maintenance --------------------------------- 423. 45 Net total expended- --------------------------------- 95, 008. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------95, 008. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.......................... ............ ........... Expended for maintenance............................................... Appropriated or allotted........ ........................................................ 15. WEYMOUTH FORE RIVER, MASS. (A8.) Location and description.-This river rises in Braintree, Mass., and flows in a northerly direction 7.5 miles, emptying into Hingham Bay, Boston Harbor. The head of navigation is an old dam at East Braintree, 6.2 miles above the mouth. Below this dam the river is tidal. No records of discharge, etc., are available. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts Nos. 6, 109, and 337.) Original condition.-The channel had a depth of 18 feet at mean low water throughout, with a least width of 300 feet up to a point about 1 mile below the bridge at Quincy Point, the 18-foot channel extending two-thirds of a mile above that point, but being too tortu- ous for safe navigation of large vessels. In the remaining one-third of a mile to the bridge the channel was 150 feet wide and 13 feet deep at mean low water. From the bridge at Quincy Point to the head of navigation at East Braintree, 6.2 miles above the mouth of the river, the channel was 12 feet deep at mean low water, gradually shoaling to 6 feet, and finally to 3 feet, where it became too narrow to be practicable. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, and extended by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1905, and February 27, 1911. The amount expended on original projects prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1917) was $170,500 for new work and $5,250 for maintenance, a total of $175,750. For further details of previous projects see page 1745 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 24 feet deep at mean low water and 300 feet wide, with a maximum width of 600 feet at the bend below Channel Rock, from Hingham Bay to Weymouth Fore River Bridge at Quincy Point, about 3 miles. The mean range of tide is 9.5 feet. The extreme range is 13.6 feet. The estimate of RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT. 51 cost for new work, revised in 1919, was $625,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 27, 1916 (Senate Com. Doc. No. 13, 63d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 803, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Under the project of March 3, 1905, the fi-- provement of the river above the Quincy Point Bridge was to be" maintained by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts or other agency..- This was provided for by a resolve of the legislature approved-- May 26, 1905, and accepted by the Secretary of War June 7, 1905 The Commonwealth has maintained the improvement at a total ex- penditureof $31,913.85 to December 1, 1919; it has done no dredging since 1916. The act of July 27, 1916, adopting the project for the 24- foot channel, appropriated two-thirds ($200,000) of its total esti- mated cost, subject to the condition that local interests contribute the remaining one-third ($100,000). The Commonwealth of Massachu- setts, by act approved April 22, 1915, provided $75,000, the Fore River Shipbuilding Corporation (now Bethlehem Shipbuilding Cor- poration) contributed $15,000, and the city of Quincy $10,000. Terminal facilities.-At the head of the Federal improvement at Quincy Point Bridge there are, below the bridge, two wharves with aggregate dockage of 800 feet, one of masonry and one of masonry and concrete with pile platform extension. On Town River, outside the scope of Federal improvement, are four wharves with aggregate dockage of over 2,700 feet. These in- clude a lumber wharf, a coal wharf, and two wharves for repair and storage of yachts and commercial vessels. There is a large yacht basin. Above Quincy Point Bridge and served by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts improvement are eight wharves in use for water- borne freight, chiefly of masonry with pile platforms, and having an aggregate dockage of 2,350 feet; a large floating dry dock, and a small pier with pipe line and bollards for receipt of crude oil. These facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The increased depth obtained under pre- vious projects is of importance to the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Cor- poration, which builds at its extensive plant at Quincy Point large passenger and freight steamers, cruisers, and battleships. The im- proved channel has proven of benefit in permitting the movement of larger barges and the passage of vessels of greater draft between the harbor and the shipyards. The existing project when completed will be of further benefit to the same corporation in permitting egress from its plant of the heaviest type of battle cruisers and battleships required by the United States. A large oil refining company has recently constructed a plant oan the river for the receipt and refining of petroleum, and a large elec- tric public service corporation is developing on the Weymouth shore on both sides of Quincy Point Bridge, building terminals and filling in as site for an electric plant. The total approximate cost of the latter company's improvements, which are located here because of 52 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. navigation facilities, is $250,000; this does not take into account the installation of machinery, etc., which will follow as a result of the improvement of the site, the ultimate investment on account of which will run into a number of millions. Both concerns will be benefited by the new channel of the existing project. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Under the contract, dredging, which was in progress at the close of the last fiscal year, was continued until early in October, 1922, when the contract was completed. As a result of these and previous operations the project depth has been secured for a width of 200 feet, except for a few points of ledge at Channel Rock. The total quantity of dredging paid for was 136,247 cubic yards, most of which had been excavated during the preceding fiscal year. Expenditures were $31,357.23, charged to new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project depth has been se- cured throughout for a width of 200 feet, from the 24-foot contour in Hingham Bay to Quincy Point Bridge, except for a few ledge points at Channel Rock where ledge was encountered, and except for the shoal near Peddocks Island, which was found to be ledge, too extensive to warrant removal, and which has been buoyed by the Lighthouse Bureau. The controlling depth at the end of the fiscal year was 22 feet at mean low tide. The total expenditures under the existing project have been $489,164.78, all for new work; of which $389,164.78 was from United States funds and $100,000 from con- tributed funds. Proposed operations.--The work of removing the ledge points, some of which project about 2 feet above grade at Channel Rock, will be undertaken early in the next fiscal year. It is expected that funds in hand will be sufficient for the purpose. No additional funds are required, as it is believed that the width of 200 feet now provided will be sufficient. Commercial statistics.-Duringthe calendar year 1922 crude and fuel oil, valued at $1,442,889, comprised 67 per cent of the tonnage. Coal, valued at $494,036, comprised 19 per cent. The usual drafts of oil tankers are 28 to 29 feet, and these vessels have customarily been obliged to enter at high tide; but some smaller tankers of 20 feet draft have made use of the channel at low water. The usual drafts of coal barges are 12 to 18 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918.................. .. 142,560 $1,695,840 1921..... ............ 354,673 3,262,955 1919 .................... 113,030 1,686,813 1922................... 252,772 2,375,006 1920......................... 129,466 2,66 5 ,788 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $0.36: New work ---------------------------------------------- $559, 664. 78 Maintenance ------------------------------- 5, 250. 00 Net total expended -------- 564, 914. 78 Total appropriations to date of this report-........ ---- - 573, 750. 00 1 In addition, $100,000 was expended from contributed funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT. 53 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ 89,274.78 $164,212.58 $61, 405.72 $32, 582.78 $31,357.23 Expended for maintenance..... . ........ .......... ........... ...... ............. Appropriated or allotted......... 183,000.00 ......................................... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ._______-________________ $40, 192. 45 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work__ 31, 357. 23 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended____________________________ 8, 835. 22 16. WEYMOUTH BACK RIVER, MASS. (A9.) Location and description.--This river rises in East Weymouth, Mass., and flows in a northerly direction 4.5 miles, emptying into Hingham Bay at the mouth of Weymouth Fore River. It is tidal for 4 miles, to the highway bridge at East Weymouth. No records of discharge, etc., are available. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Sur- vey Charts Nos. 6, 109, and 337.) Original condition.-The river had a practicable channel not less than 200 feet wide and not less than 12 feet deep at mean low water for about 1.5 miles to the wharf of the American Agricultural Chemi- cal Co., except on a bar 400 feet wide and one-fourth of a mile above the mouth, where the depth was 11 feet, and except for the 2,000 feet below the wharf, where the depth gradually shoaled from 12 feet to 6 feet at mean low water. The head of navigation was at East Wey- mouth, about 4 miles above the bar and about 3 miles above the wharf of the chemical company. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide through the bar near the mouth, and for widening and straightening to the same dimensions the natural channel 2,200 feet long to the wharf of the American Agri- cultural Chemical Co. The mean range of tide is 9.4 feet. The extreme range is 13.5 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1891, is $22,000. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $750. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894 (H. Ex. Doc. No. 256, 51st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The only commercial wharf has a frontage of about 1,400 feet and is a stone wall, filled, with pile platform in front. It is privately owned, not open to general public use, and is considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work done has resulted in greatly in- creased facilities for navigation and has rendered transportation by water easier for vessels of deeper draft. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There was no field work; $472.87, expended for maintenance, represents office expenses. 54 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in the fiscal year 1912. An examination of the channel in April, 1917, showed a controlling depth of 12 feet at mean low water throughout. The Navy Department has dredged a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 150 feet wide from the improved channel of that depth opposite the chemical company's vharf to the naval magazine at Hingham. The total expenditures under the existing project have been $26,972.87, of which $20,478.68 was for new work and $6,494.19 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-No work is proposed, and no additional funds are required. Commercial statistics.-Fertilizerand fertilizer material, both re- ceived and shipped, comprised 96 per cent of the tonnage for the calendar year 1922, and was valued at $5,756,347. The usual drafts of vessels carrying this item of commerce are 20 feet for steamers, sailing vessels, and barges, and 15 feet for towed lighters. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Tons. Value. Calendar year. Tons. Value. 1918..................... 074 177, $6,419,931 1921.................... 224,279 $4,954,431 1919...................... 169,218 6,164,786 1922.................... 162,975 6,016,521 1920...................... 234,858 7,599,804 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $0.51: New work---------------- -------------------------- $20, 478. 68 Maintenance----------------------------- 6,494. 19 Net total expended-------------------------------- 26.972. 87 Total appropriations to date of this report______-___---__-- 27,000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............................................... ... . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . Expended for maintenance . ....... $472.87 Appropriated or allotted...... ... ............................................. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ----------------------------- $500. 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance.... 472. 87 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ----------------------------- 27. 13 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-------------------- ----- 12. 13 July 1, 1923, balance available --- ------------------------- 15.00 17. PLYMOUTH HARBOR, MASS. (A10.) Location and description.-Plymouth Harbor is 45 miles by water south of Boston. Its outer anchorage, the "Cow Yard," is common to Plymouth, Duxbury, and Kingston. From this anchorage a chan- nel about 2 miles long leads through extensive flats to a turning basin RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT. 55 at the inner end opposite the wharves of the town. The channel and harbor are protected on the sea side by Long Beach, a narrow, low sand spit extending generally parallel to the mainland and about 1 mile from it. The harbor contains 2,000 acres, much of which, out- side the channels, is dry at low tide. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 338 and 1208.) Original condition.-The channel and low-water line were about 2,500, feet from the wharves at Plymouth, to which access could be had only at high water. Long Beach was liable to inroads by the sea that would injure or destroy the harbor. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by act of May 26, 1824, and was for the preservation of the beach. A project for dredging was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1875, and modified in 1877, 1884, and 1885. The amount expended prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1899) was $188,646.59 for new work and $2,013.21 for maintenance, a total of $190,659.80, from United States funds. For further details of previous projects see page 1746 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.--This provides for (a) protecting by riprap the sections of Long Beach damaged by the storm of November, 1898, and for restoring Eel River to its former course; (b) dredging a channel 18 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide, increased at the entrance and on curves, from the bay to the town wharves, a distance of about 2 miles, with a suitable turning basin at the inner end; and (c) dredging a channel 150 feet wide, 15 feet deep at mean low water, extending in a northwesterly direction about 900 feet from a point off the site of northerly Craigs Wharf, with a turning basin 300 feet square, and of the same depth, at its northwesterly end; this channel to be connected with the 18-foot channel by an area to be dredged by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts or other local interests. The mean range of tide is 9.6 feet; the extreme range is 13.7 feet. The estimates of cost for new work, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects, are as follows: (a) For beach protection, $95,700, made in 1899; (b) for dredging, $167,000, made in 1911; (c) for dredging channel and turning basin, $102,000, made in 1920. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of mainte- nance is $500 for beach protection and $5,000 for dredging. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: (a) The act of March 3, 1899, provided for the beach protection (Annual Report for 1899, p. 1089); (b) the act of March 4, 1913, provided for dredging the 18-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 1194, 62d Cong., 3d sess.) ; (c) the act of September 22, 1922, provided for the 15-foot extension, including the turning basin (H. Doc. No. 996, 66th Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-men- tioned document. Recommended modification of project.-None. L.ocal cooperation.-The act of March 4, 1913, required that the Commonwealth of Massachusetts or other local agency contribute one-half the estimated cost of the 18-foot channel. This condition was accepted by the Commonwealth on June 16, 1913, when an ap- propriation of $83,500 was made, and this amount was deposited to the credit of the Secretary of War August 25, 1913. The cost of the 56 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. completed work being less than the estimated cost by $53,000, one- half of the saving, or $26,500, was returned to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts on March 10, 1916, under provisions of section 4 of the river and harbor act of March 4, 1915. The town of Plymouth, in 1909, at an expense of $12,000, restored and deepened to 10 feet at mean low water the channel and a por- tion of the basin completed by the Government under the project of 1875. In 1911, with funds provided by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the town of Plymouth, the Commonwealth dredged a channel to the wharf of the Plymouth Cordage Co. for a length of about 1,100 fee to the width of 250 feet and depth of 20 feet at mean low water and for a length of about 5,000 feet to the width of 150 feet and depth of 18 feet at mean low water, at a total cost of $143,744.11. In 1915 the Commonwealth dredged an anchorage basin, about 94,000 square feet in area, extending northerly from the Government Channel and easterly of Long, North, and Craig Wharves, to the depth of 12 feet at mean low water, at a cost of $7,000; and com- pleted on December 7, 1917, at a cost of $9,375.34, the dredging of an extension to the Goose Point Channel 60 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean low water, for about 1,600 feet to within a short dis- tance of the originally selected terminal point. A contribution of $400 by the Plymouth Electric Light Co., re- ceived on July 17, 1915, was expended in deepening to 18 feet at mean low water a strip 60 feet wide along the outer edge of the old 9-foot turning basin, the work being done in conjunction with redredging the remainder of the basin to a 15-foot depth. The authorization by the river and harbor act of 1922 for the 15- foot extension at Plymouth requires that the Commonwealth of Massachusetts or other local interests shall contribute one-half the total estimated cost of $102,000, construct a wharf and accessories upon plans meeting the approval of the Secretary of War and the Chief of Engineers, and dredge an area connecting the existing 18- foot channel with the projected 15-foot channel. The Common- wealth of Massachusetts has contributed $51,000, to be available when the United States provides an equal sum. The town of Plym- outh has authorized a bond issue to provide for construction of the wharf, and at the close of the fiscal year plans were under discus- sion with a view to coordinating the various elements. Terminal facilities.-During 1921 the Pilgrim Tercentenary Com- mission, with a view to restoring the shore line practically as it existed at the time of the landing of the Pilgrims, condemned and destroyed all wharf property except the steamboat landing. A project involving the construction of a modern terminal, including necessary changes in the dredged channel, has been planned, but no actual work has yet been done. Effect of improvement.-It has been reported that the old 9-foot channel effected a saving of 50 cents per ton in freight rates. Owing to abnormal conditions the completion of the 18-foot channel.has effected no reduction in water rates, but it has made possible the use of vessels of larger capacity. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No field work was in progress. Expenditures, amounting to $337.36, were for office ex- penses, and charged to maintenance. Office work consisted in in- RIVERS AND HARBORS--BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT. 57 Nestigation and study with a view to developing satisfactory plans for the cooperation required by the river and harbor act of 1922. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No field work has been done on that part of the project authorized by the river and harbor act ap- proved September 22, 1922; all other work under the project was completed in 1915. The 9-foot channel of the previous project has been superseded by the 18-foot channel under the existing project, and the 9-foot turning basin in part by the 18-foot turning basin. In the fiscal year 1916 the greater portion of the 9-foot basin, not in- cluded in the 18-foot project, was deepened to 15 feet at mean low water, with a cut 60 feet wide and 18 feet deep along the outer edge, the latter being for the convenience and at the expense of private interests. The net total of results accomplished under the previous and existing projects is the building on Long Beach of several miles of rubblestone dike, which has strengthened the beach by the accre- tion of a large volume of sand and shingle; the restoring of Eel River to its former course; and the dredging of a channel 18 feet deep at mean low water, 200 feet wide, widened at the entrance and on curves, and with a turning basin at the inner end, about two- thirds of which has a depth of 18 feet and about one-third a depth of 15 feet. The controlling depth, as ascertained in 1915, is 18 feet at mean low water. The total expenditures under the existing proj- ect have been as follows: United States Contributed Total funds. funds. New work .... ........ .............. ........... $133,846.16 $57,000.00 $190,846.16 Maintenance ....... ............................... . 39, 864.15 400.00 40, 264.15 Total ................... ......................... 173, 710.31 57, 400.00 231,110.31 Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended July 1, 1923, for maintenance only will be held ,for preservation of existing channels and for repair of the beach protection on Long Beach. The sum of $51,000 provided by the act of March 2, 1923, together with a like sum to be contributed by the Commonwealth of Massa- chusetts, constitute the estimated cost of the work remaining to be done to complete the project, which work consists in extending a channel 15 feet deep at mean low water for a distance of about 900 feet in a northwesterly direction from a point opposite the site of northerly Craig's Wharf. The funds thus made available will be applied to carrying out the dredging in accordance with the adopted project, which when done will complete all the work at present proposed for this locality. It is not contemplated that additional funds will be required. It is impracticable as yet to state when the work will be com- pleted, as it will depenad somewhat upon progress made in local cooperation. Commercial statistics.-Owingto the removal of practically all the wharf properties at Plymouth duiring 1921 under the activities, of the Pilgrim Tercentenary Commission, water-borne freight has since been almost completely discontinued. Local interests have under consideration the construction of an adequate terminal, and it is 58 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. understood that plans have been prepared. Steamer passenger serv- ice has not been interrupted. Comparative statement. Year. Tons. Value. Passengers. Year. Tons. Value. Passengers. 1918.......... 13,516 $125,491 (1) 1921.......... 51 $8,925 75,902 1919.......... 14,310 139,913 24,000 1922.......... 66 11,550 50,294 1920........... 14,994 200,058 70,197 1 No passenger service during 1918. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts, from sales, etc., amounting to $4,530.12: New work ---------------------------------------- $322, 492. 75 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 41, 877. 36 Net total expended---------- --------------------- 1364, 370. 11 Total appropriations to date-of this report ___________------417, 459. 80 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............................. ........................... Expended for maintenance 2..... ............. ......... .............. $164.06 3337.36 Appropriated or allotted......... ......... .................................... 51,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------- -------------------- $2, 427. 05 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923--------------------------- 51, 000. 00 53, 427. 05 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance__ -------------------------------------------------- 337. 36 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------ 53, 089. 69 18. PROVINCETOWN HARBOR, MASS. (All.) Location and description.-This is an important harbor of refuge in the bight at the extremity of Cape Cod, about 40 miles southeast from the entrance to Boston Harbor. Owing to its conformation, .definite dimensions can not be given, but it contains several square miles of anchorage area well protected against northeast winds. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 6, 341, and 1208.) Original condition.-The width and depth of entrance and the depth of the anchorage area were ample for the largest vessels, but actual or threatened inroads by the sea across the low and narrow part of the cape east of the town, and at intervals along, about 1.5 miles of the narrow beach southwest of the town, were a serious menace. Previous project.-The original project was adopted by the act of May 20, 1826. The amount expended on the original project prior 1 In addition, $57,400 was expended from contributed funds. ' Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BOSTON, MASS., DISTRICT. 59 to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1910) was $215,800.44 for new work. For further details of pre- vious project, see page 1746 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a rubblestone protection dike 5 feet wide at the top and 15 feet above mean low water, across House Point Island Flats, from Stevens Point to Wood End, a dis- tance of about 6,150 feet, and for a 300-foot extension of the Long Point beach protection and bringing it up to grade where necessary. The mean range of tide is 9.2 feet. The extreme range is 13.3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1910, is $140,000, exclu- sive of amount expended under previous project- The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 821, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-Along a water frontage of about 7,500 feet there are 14 wharves, of which but 3 extend beyond the low-water line. These wharves are partly wooden bulkheads, but principally pile structures. None are publicly owned, and but one, that of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad Co., is in any sense open to public use. This wharf has at its outer end a maximum depth of about 9 feet at mean low water. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The object of the improvement is the preservation of this very excellent and important harbor of refuge. The effect upon the commerce of the port isof minor consideration. The harbor furnishes shelter in all weather and has depths sufficient for all classes of vessels. Its principal importanceis to small coast- ing vessels and to the fishing fleet. The construction of the Cape Cod Canal has to some extent diminished the need of Provincetown Harbor as a harbor of refuge. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There was no work and there were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is completed. A rubblestone beach protection at the east and outside of Long Point was built. This is now in good condition and serving the purpose for which built. Dikes, groins, and other sand-catching devices designed to resist the erosion and promote the accretion of the barrier of beach and sand dunes which protects the harbor were also built, but these timber structures resulted in but small and temporary betterment to the beach. A dike across the House Point Island Flats was completed in 1914. It is in good condition and serves the purpose for which built. The net total of results accom- plished is a rubblestone beach protection at Long Point and a dike across House Point Island flats. The temporary .structures for catching and holding the sand have been practically destroyed. The expenditures under the existing project have been $131,653.28 for new work and $609 for maintenance, a total of $132,262.28. Proposed operations.-The project is completed, funds are ex- hausted, and no additional funds are deemed necessary at this time. Commercial statistics.-See paragraph "Effect of improvement." 60 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEbRIS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work---------- ---------------------------- $347, 453. 72 Maintenance --------------------------------------- -- 09. 00 Net total expended ------------------------------ 348, 062. 72 Total appropriations to date of this report___________--- ___-348, 062. 72 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............ ... ...... ......... ......... .. ......... ........... Expended for maintenance................ .......... .............. ... .......... Appropriated or allotted................ ............... ........... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ---------------------------- $100.25 Deduction on account of amount transferred to Beverly Harbor, Mass_ 100. 25 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY) FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $4,656.05: New work---------- --------------------------- $2, 779, 422. 32 Maintenance----------------------------------------208, 828.03 Net total expended_ -------------------------------- 2, 988, 250. 35 Total appropriations to date of this report ------------------- 3, 133, 729. 02 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1... $89, 274. 78 $164,295. 08 $140, 012. 09 $32, 641. 23 $33, 342. 89 Expended for maintenance 1.... 748. 71 176.64 483.89 559. 93 2, 207. 91 Total expended ........... 90,023.49 164,471. 72 140, 495. 98 33, 201.16 35, 550. 80 Appropriated or allotted........ 246,500. 00.............. ................. 51, 000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------------ $135, 494. 88 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923-------------------------------------------1, 000. 00 186, 494. 88 Deduction on account of amount transferred to Beverly Harbor, Mass-------------------------------------------------------- 5,465. 41 181, 029. 47 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work_______________-____$33, 342. 89 For maintenance--------------------------------2, 207. 91 35, 550. 80 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------------ 145, 478. 67 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------------------------------ 24. 42 July 1. 1923, balance available, including $25,591.11 available only for maintenance -- ____________________ _ 145, 454. 25 RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. 61 EXAMINATIONS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED SEPTEMBER 22, 1922. Reports on preliminary examinations required by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, of the following localities within this district were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress, but have not yet been printed: 1.. Preliminary examination of Summer Harbor, Me.-Report dated December 15, 1922, was transmitted to Congress February 7, 1923. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. 2. Preliminaryexamination of Mystic River, Mass.-Report dated December 15, 1922, was transmitted to Congress February 5, 1923. The improvement of this locality by the United States further than that contemplated by the existing project is not deemed advisable at the present time. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Saco Harbor and River, Me. 9. Dorchester Bay and Neponset River, Mass. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. This district includes a part of the State of Massachusetts com- prising its southern coast line, extending as far north as Chatham Harbor on the east coast line of Cape Cod, and the whole of the States of Rhode Island and Connecticut, including the Connecticut River, Conn. and Mass. District engineer: Maj. V. L. Peterson, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. J. C. Sanford, Corps of Engineers, to July 13, 1922; Col. H. C. Newcomer, Corps of Engineers, acting division engineer until July 20, 1922, and division engineer since that date. IMPROVEMENTS. [The letters and figures in parentheses after the title indicate the group and the numerical order in the group to which the respective imprbvements belong for purposes of appropriation.] Page. Page. 1. Pollock Rip Shoals, Nan- 8. Pawtucket (Seekonk) River, tucket Sound, Mass. (Al)- 62 R. I. (B3)_--------------- 82 2. Harbor of Refuge at Nan- 9. Harbor of Refuge at Point tucket, Mass. (A2) ------- 3. New Bedford and Fairhaven 64 Judith, R. I. (B4)- --- ___- 10. Harbor of Refuge at Block 85 Harbors, Mass. (A3) ----- 67 Island, R. I. (B5) -------- 87 ,4. Fall River Harbor, Mass. 11. Great Salt Pond, Block Is- (A4) ____--_____ _ 69, land, R. I. (B6)----------- 89 5. Taunton River, Mass. (A5)_ 71 12. Pawcatuck River, R. I. and 6. Newport Harbor, R. I. (B1)_ 74 Conn. (Cl)--------------_ 92 7. Providence River and Har- 13. Stonington Harbor, Conn. bor, R. I. (B2) ------------ 77 (C2)------------------ 95 62 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Page. Page. 14. Mystic River, Conn. (C3) -- 95 23. Milford Harbor, Conn. (E5) - 116 15. New London Harbor, Conn. 24. Housatonic River, Conn. (C4) -- --------- 96 (E6) ------------------- 118 16. Thames River, Conn. (C5)__ 99 25. Bridgeport Harbor, Conn. 17. Connecticut River, above (ET) 121 Hartford, Conn. (D1).. 102 26. Westport Harbor and Sauga- 18. Connecticut River, below tuck River, Conn. (ES)___ 126 Hartford, Conn. (D2) ... 104 27. Norwalk Harbor, Conn. 19. Duck Island Harbor, Conn. (E9) ------------------- 126 (El) ------------------- 108 28. Stamford Harbor, Conn. 20. Branford Harbor, Conn. (E10)_______-___-__--_ 130 (E2) ------------------- 110 29. Greenwich Harbor, Conn. 21. New Haven Harbor, Conn. (E11) ------------------ 133 (E3)------------------- 112 22. Breakwaters at New Haven, Conn. (E4)-------------- 115 POLLOCK RIP SHOALS, HARBOR OF REFUGE AT NANTUCKET, NEW BEDFORD AND FAIRHAVEN HARBORS, FALL RIVER HARBOR, AND TAUNTON RIVER, MASS. (GROUP A.) 1. POLLOCK RIP SHOALS, NANTUCKET SOUND, MASS. (Al.) Location and description.-Pollock Rip Channel is the northerly passage through the shoals off the eastern entrance to Nantucket Sound, connecting the deep water of the sound with that of the ocean. It is about 26 miles east from the harbor of Vineyard Haven, on the island of Marthas Vineyard, Mass., and 60 miles south from Provincetown Harbor, at the northern extremity of Cape Cod. The shoals through which the Pollock Rip Channel passes are some- times called the Monomoy Shoals. They extend about 14 miles north and south and about 8 miles east and west. The material of these shoals is a shifting sand and gravel, and the depth and location of the channel are subject to considerable variation, due to wind and cur- rents. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1107.) Original condition. The channel was very crooked arid in places narrow. It was subject to very strong tides and directly exposed to the full force of easterly storms of the ocean. Its length was about" 12 miles, measured from the Handkerchief Light Vessel to the whistling buoy north of Pollock Rip Slue, and, with a depth of 21 feet at mean low water, varied in width from about 2,000 to 3,600 feet, with a width of several miles as the Handkerchief Light Vessel was approached. The limiting depth was 27 feet for a width of 750 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging through the shoals at the eastern entrance to Nantucket Sound with a Government dredge which is to assist the natural agencies in obtaining such depth and width as may be found practicable, but not exceeding a depth of 30 feet at mean low water and a width of 1 mile. The mean ranges of the tide are, respectively, about 3.7 feet at Monomoy Point, the nearest land, and 6.7 feet at Chatham Lights, about 9 miles to the north of this point. The ranges of spring tides at these two points are 4.4 and 7.9 feet. The ranges are largely affected by direction and force of storms. The original expenditure authorized for experimental work in this locality was $250,000. The estimated RIVERS AND HARBORS--PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. 63 annual cost of operating the dredge is $200,000, including the neces- sary expenses of supervision. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (HI. Doc. No. 536, 62d Cong., 2d sess.), and extended by the act of July 27, 1916 (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 3, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest map is published in the Annual Report for 1915, page 2056. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement on water rates, if any, can not yet be ascertained. The use of the present channel materially shortens the time and length of passage and re- duces the difficulties of navigation through or around these shoals. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging with the U. S. dredge Atlantic was continued in the cut between Bearse and Pollock Rip Shoals until September 15, 1922, and then with the dredge Navesink until February 19, 1923. The Atlantic removed 295,808 cubic yards from the shoal ridges in the northern part of the cut, increasing the depths on them to 18 feet and over. The Navesink removed 725,829 cubic yards, widening the cut to about 1,350 feet with depths of 29 feet and over. Operations were re- sumed with the U. S. dredge Navesink on April 17, 1923, and were in progress until June 15. During this period 502,173 cubic yards were removed from the cut and the shoal area to the eastward. The depths in the cut were increased to 31 feet and over. The ex- penditures, including office and other expenses, were $173,419.77 for new work and $35,046.34 for maintenance, a total of $208,466.11. Condition at end of fiscal year.-It is believed that the depths pre- viously secured over the northern.tongue of the Stone Horse Shoal have been maintained and the bend in the channel there materially improved. A cut 1,350 feet wide has been dredged through between Bearse and Pollock Rip Shoals, in which the least depth, except at the edges, is 31 feet. The controlling depth at mean low water is about 31 feet in the northerly half of the channel and about 29 feet in the remainder. The expenditures have been $974,801.09 for new work and $44,090.19 for maintenance, a total of $1,018,891.28. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to use the unexpended funds for surveys to determine the condition of the channel, the effects of tidal action, and the passage of vessels, and to apply any balance remaining, together with such additional funds as may be made available, to the widening of the present cut. In order to provide the project depth of 30 feet at all times and as a measure of economy, when dredging is done, it is proposed to do it to depths of 33 feet at mean low water. It is proposed at present, to secure a width of not greater than 2,000 feet, increasing the present channel to that width as funds are provided and plant can be obtained. In order to provide for the proper maintenance of this important channel, and to continue the widening which experience has shown to be extremely desirable, considering the exposed location and the character of the traffic, $100,000 can be profitably expended for the operation of a seagoing hopper dredge and the necessary adminis- 61637-ENG 1923-5 64 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. tration and engineering charges during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, as follows: Operation of seagoing hopper dredge, 4 months, at $22,500---------$90, 000 Administration, engineering, and contingencies------------------- 10, 000 100, 000 Commercial statistics.-Thereis no available means of determining the amount and value of the commerce passing over these shoals, as it forms a part of that reaching many of the ports on the North Atlantic coast. It has been estimated as 20,000,000 tons. During the calendar year 1922 approximately 8,000 vessels, steamers, tugs, barges and sailing craft passed Pollock Rip Slue Light Vessel. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,401.92: New work----------------------------- ------------ $974,801.09 Maintenance -__-------__ ------------- _-_ 44, 090. 19 Net total expended ------------------------------- 1, 018, 891. 28 Total appropriations to date of this report------- ___---1, 040, 000.00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........... $1,736.04 $43, 893.50 $213,077.94 $144, 626.16 $173, 419.77 Expended for maintenance 1.... ..... .......................... 9,043. 85 35, 046.34 Total expended 1........ 1, 736. 04 43, 893. 50 213, 077. 94 153, 670. 01 208, 466.11 Appropriated or allotted......... 200,000.00 65,000.00 150,000.00 165, 000. 00 60,000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ------------------------------ $169, 574.83 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922 --.--- ---------------------------- 50, 000. 00 Amount transferred from other works in district- 000. 00 1-------------0, 229, 574. 83 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work--- ------------------------- $173, 419. 77 For maintenance__-- -------------------- 35, 046. 34 208, 466. 11 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_________--________________ 21, 108. 72 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities -- __------------------- -14, 896. 24 July 1, 1923, balance available------------------------------ 6, 212. 48 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work-----------...---------------------------175,000.00 For maintenance---------------------------------------- 25, 000. 00 Total------------------------------------------ 100, 000. 00 2. HARBOR OF REFUGE AT NANTUCKET, MASS. (A2.) Location and description.-Theharbor of Nantucket is an indenta- tion in the coast line on the northerly side of the island of Nantucket. 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. It is 32 miles east-southeast from the harbor of Vineyard Haven, on the island of Marthas Vineyard, Mass., and 80 miles south from the harbor of Provincetown, at the northern extremity of Cape Cod. The harbor extends about 6 miles in a northeast and southwest direc- tion, with a width of from one-half to 14 miles. It is practically landlocked. There are about 68 acres 12 feet or more in depth and 750 acres 9 feet or more in depth. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1107.) Original condition.-The channel entrance to the harbor was ob- structed by a bar 1.5 miles in width, over which was a limiting depth of 6 feet at mean low water. The channel was narrow, crooked, and subject to changes in location and depth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the act of March 2, 1829. The total expenditure under this project, prior- to the adoption of the existing project in 1880, was $45,834.75.- For further details of previous project see page 1747, Annual Report; for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 15 feet deep at mean low water, without prescribed width, through the bar at the entrance and for converging jetties of riprap, 6,987 feet and 5,755 feet long on the east and west sides, respectively, of the harbor. The mean range of the tide is 3.1 feet, and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 5 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1907, is $475,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous project. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 14, 1880, provided for the west jetty (H. Doc. No. 18, 46th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1880, p. 423) ; the act of August 5, 1886, provided for the east jetty (Annual Report for 1885, p. 579) ; the acts of March 3, 1905, and March 2, 1907, provided for dredging in the channel between the jetties, the estimate for which had not been included in the 1885 estimate. For latest pub- lished map see Annual Report for 1916, page 1912. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has expended for dredging and rock removal nearly $43,000. Terminal facilities.-These consist of four piers privately owned,. but used by the public on payment of wharfage, affording a total of about 3,000 feet of docking space. Facilities are adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-So far as known, the project has had no, effect on water rates, butthe widening and deepening of the channel gives the use of the harbor to vessels of larger size. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. Expenditures were for maintenance contingencies, and amounted to $381.38. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 90 per cent completed. The channel has been dredged to project depth, with a width of 300 feet, and to 12-foot depth for an additional width of 150 feet. The jetties have been built to varying height and cross section with a view to controlling and regulating the scour be- 66 REPORT' OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. tween them. Except for a gap near the inner end and numerous depressions along the length of the east jetty, the jetties are in fair condition. As determined in 1921 the controlling depth at mean low water in the entrance channel is about 15 feet for a width of 150 feet and between 12 and 13 feet for a width of 300 feet. To com- plete the project, the west jetty is to be extended about 800 feet. The expenditures under the existing project have been $426,595.70 for new work and $104,312.81 for maintenance, a total of $530,908.51. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds, together with such additional funds as may become available, to repairing the gaps and depressions in the east jetty. But very inadequate repairs could be made with the funds now on hand. One large, complete break and numerous lengthy and deep depressions seriously impair the efficiency of the jetty in maintaining and pro- tecting the entrance channel. The following is an estimate of the cost of these repairs: 1Riprap, 10,300 tons, at $5__------------ $51, 500 Administration, inspection, and contingencies -------------------- 5, 230 Total ------------------------------------------- 56, 730 Balance available June 30, 1923_- -- -- 14, 730 Amount required for maintenance during fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 -------------------------------------- --- 42,000 This amount is in excess of the average annual expenditures for maintenance during the past five years, for the reason that during that period no actual work of maintenance has been in progress. Commercial statistics.-The commerce consists of coal, wood, pe- troleum products, package freight, and fish, carried for the most part in schooners and steamers. The draft of these vessels runs from 6 to 13 feet, the bulk of the commerce being carried on a draft of from 7 to 10 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. year. year. 1918........... 37, 623 $4,301, 840 38,940 1921.......... 31,318 7,214,446 No record. 1919.......... 24,415 6,684,493 52,827 1922.......... 817 30,081 12,801, 60,559 1920.......... 26,494 4,028,520 55,892 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $13.50: New work-_--------------------------------- $472, 430. 45 Maintenance_--------------------------------------- 104, 312. 81 Net total expended 76, 748.26 5---------------------------- Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 591,473. 50 Fiscalyear ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work...... ......................... .............. Expended for maintenance 1.. $440.25 ........ ..... $1,577.43 .......... $381.38 Appropriated or allotted.................... ............ 5,000.00 ...... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE,. R. I., DISTRICT. 67 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended----- $15, 111. 62 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance 881. 38 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------- --------------- 14, 730.24 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities----. ------------------------- 8 37 July 1, 1923, balance available-- -------------------------- 14, 721. 87 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project --- ---------.. ------- ----- ------ 34, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance-------------------------------- 42, 000. 00 3. NEW BEDFORD AND FAIRHAVEN HARBORS, MASS. (A3).. Location and description.-New Bedford Harbor is a tidal estuary on the western side of Buzzards Bay,-about 21 miles by water north- westerly from the harbor at Vineyard Haven, Mass., and about 42 miles to the eastward of Point Judith Harbor, R. I. It comprises an outer harbor about 3 miles long by 1- miles wide; an inner harbor about 2 miles long and three-fourths mile wide; and the tidal por- tion of the Acushnet River up to Belleville. The eastern portion of the harbor is called Fairhaven Harbor. (See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey Charts Nos. 1107 and 1108.) Original condition.-The greater portion of the harbor was very shoal, and the channel through it had a minimum depth of only 12' feet at mean low water. The head of navigation was at Belleville, about 5 miles north of the entrance at Butler Flats. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the act of 1836 and modified and extended by the river and harbor acts of March 3. 1875, and August 11, 1888. The amount expended under this project, prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1907, was $170,700 for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1748, Annual Report of 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 300 feet wide from Buzzards Bay to the north end of Fish Island just above the New Bedford and Fairhaven Bridge, 2.9 miles; a turning basin covering about 14 acres, with a width of 700 feet above the bridge; and an anchorage below the bridge of about 114 acres between New Bedford and Fairhaven, all to be 25 feet deep at mean low water, the turning basin extending southward and the anchorage area northward along the New Bedford front to the bridge; and a channel 100 feet wide and 18 feet deep at mean low water from the turning basin north of Fish Island to Belleville, a distance of about 2.15 miles, with a turn- ing basin at the upper end 300 feet wide. The mean range of the tide is 4 feet, and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 7 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1915, is $640,610, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1912) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1907, provided for the entrance channel, anchorage area, channel through the bridge, and turning basin above it (H. Doc. No. 271, 59th Cong. 2d sess.); the act of March 3, 1909, provided for extending the 25-foot channel along the 1 Exclusive of available funds. 68 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. New Bedford wharf front near the bridge; the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the 18-foot channel in the Acushnet River to Belleville (H. Doc. No. 442, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.- None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, im- posed the condition that local interests construct a new bridge at Coggeshall Street with a draw opening of at least 100 feet and build a substantial wharf upon the city property at Belleville, the name given to the northern part of the city. These conditions have not been met, and there is no present prospect of their being complied with. Under War Department permit the Commonwealth of Massa- 'chusetts has completed a channel 100 feet wide and 25 feet deep at nean low water from the upper end of the turning basin north of .Fish Island to about 800 feet below the Coggeshall Street Bridge at a cost of approximately $113,000. The Commonwealth has also con- structed in the harbor a modern steamship terminal at an approxi- mate cost of $500,000. Terminal facilities.-These consist of piers and wharves with a total of about 16,580 feet of docking space, of which 2,050 feet are publicly owned, 2,850 feet privately owned but used by the public upon payment of wharfage, and 11,680 feet privately owned and so used. The wharves on the New Bedford side of the harbor have or can easily secure railroad connection. One on the Fairhaven side is so connected. The facilities are considered adequate for the exist- ing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the deep water on commerce is the use of deeper-draft vessels and larger cargoes. These condi- tions have undoubtedly affected the water rates, but to what extent is not known.. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 91 per cent completed. The 25-foot channel and turning basin have been com- pleted and all of the anchorage area except a few spots along the southwestern edge. The controlling depths at end of fiscal year were about 23 feet to about 800 feet below the Coggeshall Street Bridge and thence 7 feet to Belleville. The head of navigation is about 5 miles north of the entrance at Butlers Flats. To complete the project requires the dredging of the 18-foot channel up to Belleville. The amount expended under the existing project was $580,823.67 for new work and $18,086.33 for maintenance, a total of $598,910. Proposed operations.-The anchorage, the channel through it. and the turning basin above the bridge have become shoal, to the detri- ment of navigation. It is proposed to restore these facilities with an allotment of $77,000 made July 7, 1923, for this purpose, and no additional funds are required for the fiscal year 1925. No appropriation for further work on the channel to Belleville is required at this time, for the reason that the cooperation required on the Belleville Channel has not been fulfilled, nor is there any prospect of its early fulfillment. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE. R. I., DISTRICT. 69 Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were coal, fuel oil, petroleum products, lumber, and package freight, carried in barges, schooners, and steamers drawing from 4 to 23 feet. The tonnage shows a decrease of about 45,000 from that reported ini 1921, principally in the items of coal and coke. Comparative statement. To and from New Bedford. In transit. Year. Tons. Value. Passengers. Tons. Value. 1918.................................. . 1,248, 840 $138, 026, 815 197, 533 284, 592 $1, 935, 000 1919............................... 949, 457 175, 953, 566 217 153 (1 (1 1920........ ....................... . 1,029, 195 180,693,188 2 174,006 (1 1921........... 839,824 110,563, 594 (1) (1 1922..................................... 794, 680 91, 942,353 159,629 (1) (1) 1 No data available. 2 Incomplete; no data available for excursion traffic. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $271.99: New work------- -------------------------------- $751, 523.67 Maintenance --- -------------------------------------- 18, 086. 33 Net total expended---------------------------------769, 610. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report -------------------- 846, 610. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work......... .............. ............ ....... Expended for maintenance 1.... $382.30 $14,617.40................$300.00............. Appropriated or allotted......... 15,000.00 .............. 800.00 ............... $77,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922_ _----------------------------------------- $77, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------------------- 77, 000. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------------------------ 160, 000. 00 4. FALL RIVER HARBOR, MASS. (A4.) Location and description.-FallRiver Harbor is situated at the mouth of Taunton River, on the east side and at the head of Mount Hope Bay, which empties into the ocean through. Narragansett Bay and Sakonnet River. There is but slight protection to the harbor from the southwest; from other directions it is practically land- locked. It extends about 11 miles in a northeast and southwest di- rection and is from one-fourth to five-eighths of a mile in width. It is about 18 miles northerly from Newport Harbor. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 113.) 1 Exclusive of available funds. 70 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Original condition.-The approach channel through Mount Hope Bay had a ruling usable depth of about 21 feet at low tide, except for a distance of about 1 mile in the middle part of the bay, where the depth diminished to 15 feet. Along the water front in the re- entrant in the wharf line above the Old Colony Steamboat Co.'s wharf the depth was only 6 feet, and a considerable area of the har- bor, especially at the north end, had a much less depth. Previous project. The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 23, 1874. The total amount expended under this project prior to 1899 was $30,000. For further details of this project see page 1749, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 300 feet wide and 25 feet deep at mean low water through Mount Hope Bay and Fall River Harbor, about 4t miles, and for an anchorage basin, about 95N acres in area, west of the harbor channel. The mean tidal range is 4.9 feet and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 8 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1910, is $318,412, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1910) approval estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $6,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for the channel through the harbor (H. Doc. No. 56, 55th Cong., 1st sess., smaller project) ; the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the channel through Mount Hope Bay (same document, but the larger project); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the anchorage basin and for the pres- ent location of the harbor channel (H. Doc. No. 778, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of 18 piers having 9,650 feet of docking space and wharves, affording 3,250 feet additional docking space. Three of the piers have direct railroad connection. One pier, belonging to the city of Fall River, is open to general public use. The facilities are considered adequate for the commerce of the port. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The increased depth in the approach channel and in the harbor permits the entrance of larger vessels and cargoes and facilitates the handling of the large steamers of the Fall River Line to New York. It is believed that the improvement has effected a decrease in water rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. The expenditures were for administration and amounted to $187.06, all applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1913. The controlling depths at mean low water as deter- mined in 1921 are: Entrance channel and channel through the basin, 25 feet; balance of anchorage area, 22 to 25 feet. The expenditure under the existing project was $300,204.16 for new work and $78,- 639.09 for maintenance, a total of $378,843.25. Proposed operations.-None. No additional funds are required as the improvement is in a condition to meet the demands of existing commerce. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. 71 Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year were coal, petroleum products, lumber, and miscellaneous package freight, carried in barges, steamers, and schooners. About 50 per cent of the tonnage was coal, transported in barges and steam- ers drawing from 12 to 23 feet. General package freight, which in- cludes a large percentage of textiles, was carried on regular steam- boat lines in vessels drawing from 10 to 16) feet. Petroleum products carried in tank steamers and barges drawing from 7 to 26 feet. The tonnage shows a decrease of 680,243 tons from that reported in 1921, due mainly to the fact that large shipments of fuel oil con- signed to a station on Taunton River were unloaded in Fall River harbor and reconsigned, and were therefore reported in both receipts and shipments for this harbor. In 1922 this item was delivered at the Taunton River station without reshipment in Fall River harbor. There was also a falling off in the item of coal during 1922. Comparative statement. To and from Fall River Harbor. In transit. Calendar year. Tons. Value. Passengers. Tons. Value. 1918 ........ ...................... 1, 395, 591 $200, 444,795 190 732 ' 59, 711 $328, 922 1919 ................................... 1,126,189 205, 576, 991 427 800 41, 247 345, 639 1920 ...................... ............. 1,067, 116 170,750,246 351 200 40, 720 453297 1921 .............................. 1, 545, 932 150, 973, 755 (1) 1, 648009 22, 750 426 1922............................... 865, 689 151,667578 285,123 2 1,588,589 12,92 054 1 No data available. 2 Taunton River traffic, which includes 1,528,162 tons petroleum products, valued at $12,444,500, handled in the lower part of Taunton River, but within the city limits of Fall River. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $18.35: New work----------- --------------------------- $330, 204. 16 Maintenance ---------------------- ------------------- 78, 639. 09 Net total expended-- ------------------------------ 408, 843. 25 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 412, 411. 49 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 .1923 Expended for new work ... .............. ........ . ....... Expended for maintenance 1.... ........................... $16, 476. 84 $11,267. 86 $187.06 Appropriated or allotted......... ............................. 31,500.00 .. ................. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------------------------- $3, 755. 30 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 187. 06 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------------------------3, 568. 24 5. TAUNTON RIVER, MASS. (A5.) Location and description.-TauntonRiver rises in Norfolk County, Mass., flows in a general south by west direction about 44 miles, and empties into Mount Hope Bay at Fall River. The river has a 72 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. drainage area of about 529 square miles, with a mean fresh-water discharge of about 800 second-feet. It is tidal for 21 miles above its mouth to East Taunton Dam. Dighton, the lower end of the im- provement, is about 8 miles above the mouth of the river. Original condition.-That portion of the river under improvement had in places a width of about 100 feet and a minimum depth of 1 foot. The channel was crooked and obstructed in many places by bowlders. A vessel of 30 tons was as large as could go up to Taun- ton. The head of navigation was at Taunton, about 15 miles above the mouth of the river. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 11, 1870. The total amount expended under this project, prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1880, was $63,000, for new work. For further details of previous projects see page.1748, Annual Report of 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean high water and 100 feet wide from the mouth of the river to Berkley Bridge, about 1 mile above Dighton (below Dighton the natural depth meets this requirement); thence the same depth and 80 feet wide, with enlargements to 100 feet at the bends to Briggs Shoal; thence same width and 11 feet deep to the shipyard; thence same depth and 60 feet wide to Weir Bridge. The mean tidal range is 4.9 feet at the mouth, 5.5 feet at Dighton, and 3.4 at Weir Bridge. The maximum range, due to the combined effects of wind and other causes, is 8 feet or more at the mouth and at Dighton, and about 5 feet at the head of navigation. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1894, is $125,000, exclusive of amount expended on previous project. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880 (S. Ex. Doc. No. 61, 46th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 110, Sixty-fifth Con- gress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of wharves, privately owned, but used to some extent by the public upon payment of wharfage, at Dighton, with docking space of about 480 feet: Church's Wharf and Briggs's Wharf, each 40 feet; North Dighton Wharf, 180 feet; and Weir Village, 5,460 feet; a total of 6,200 feet. There is no railroad connection with any of these wharves. A trolley line runs near to and parallel with the wharf line in Weir Village. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The deepening and widening of the chan- nel enables vessels of light draft to carry full cargoes to Taunton without, as previously, lightering at Fall River, thus effecting a sav- ing in the cost of water transportation. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Expenditure was for administration and contingencies, and amounted to $372.69, applied to maintenance. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. 73 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was prac- tically completed during the fiscal year 1900. The 11 and 12 foot channels had been dredged their projected lengths, and those shoals of subsequent formation offering the greatest obstruction to naviga- tion had been redredged several times. The channel has suffered some deterioration in depth and width. It is claimed by those using the channel constantly that it can not be used safely by vessels draw- ing more than 9 feet intending to make the round trip on one tide. The head of navigation is at Taunton. The expenditure under the existing project was $108,497.93 for new work and $32,681.70 for maintenance, a total of $141,179.63. Proposed operations.-None. No additional funds are required, as the improvement appears to be in a condition to meet the demands of existing commerce. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the river consists chiefly of coal, clay, sand, and petroleum products, carried in schooners, barges, and steamers drawing from 6 to 271 feet. The greater part of the traffic does not pass through the river to Taunton but is con- fined to the lower river within the city limits of Fall River, and this traffic consists of petroleum products, amounting to 1,528,162 tons, valued at $12,444,500. Comparative statement. Calendar Tons Value Passen- Calendar Tons. Value. Passen- year. gers. year. gers. 1918.......... 117, 387 $809, 430 7, 750 1921.......... 1,648,009 $22,750,426 (1) 1919.......... 70,302 556,753 14, 350 1922.......... 1,588,589 12,927,054 (1) 1920.......... 83, 064 896, 929 14, 350 1 No record. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3.75: New work--------- ------------------------------- $171, 497. 93 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 32, 681. 70 Net total expended -------------------------------- 204, 179. 63 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 204, 179. 63 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work ....... ... . .... ....... ....... . Expended for maintenance 1..... $396.84 $51. 50 $1, 895. 53 $24. 15 $372.69 Appropriated or allotted.......... ....... ..... ...... ........ .. ...... ......... 2 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc, July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ---------------------------- $6,382. 24 Deduction on account of amount transferred to other works in dis- trict ($6,000), and amount carried to surplus fund of the Treas- ury ($9.55)-------------------------------------------- 6, 009. 55 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 372. 69 74 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,709.51: New work------------------------ ------------------- $2, 700, 457. 30 Maintenance ---------------------------- ---------------- 277, 810. 12 Net total expended -------------------------------- 2, 978, 267. 42 Total appropriations to date of this report ____________ _____ 3, 017, 684. 17 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 r - - - -~------- --- ~--I . .......... Expended for new work 1..... 1,736. 04 $43, 893.50 $213, 077. 94 $144, 626.16 $173, 419.77 Expended formaintenance 1..... 1,219.39 14,669.20 19,949.80 20,635.86 35,987.47 Total expended 1.......... 2,955.43 58,562.70 233,027.74 165,262.02 209,407.24 Appropriated or allotted ....... . 215,000.00 65,000.00 186,800.00 165,000.00 60,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------------ $194, 823.99 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922 ---------------------------------------------- 50, 000. 00 Amount transferred from other works in district 10, 000. 00 t---- 254, 823. 99 Deduction on account of amount transferred to other works in dis- trict -------------------------------------------------- 6, 000. 00 248, 823. 99 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work_____________________________ $173, 419. 77 For maintenance----------------------------- 35, 987. 47 909 497 2 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_____ 39, 416. 75 July 21, 1923, outstanding liabilities__ 14, 914. 16 July 1, 1923, balance available 24, 502. 59 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work-----__---------------- 2 75, 000. 00 For maintenance---------------------- --------------- 67, 000. 00 Total ------- - ------- 2142, 000. 00 PROVIDENCE RIVER AND HARBOR, PAWTUCKET RIVER, NEWPORT HARBOR, HARBORS OF REFUGE AT POINT JUDITH AND BLOCK ISLAND, AND GREAT SALT POND, BLOOK ISLAND, R. I. (GROUP B). 6. NEWPORT HARBOR, R. I. (B1.) Location and description.-Newport Harbor proper is at the main entrance to Narragansett Bay, with an inner harbor between Goat Island and the city of Newport. It is about 12 miles northeast of the harbor of Point Judith and 48 miles westerly from the harbor of Vineyard Haven, Mass. The inner harbor lies between Goat Island and the city in a deep indentation, practically landlocked, in the eastern shoreline of Narragansett Bay. It is about 1.1 miles long, 1 No deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE R. I., DISTRICT. 75 from 1,500 to 2,000 feet wide, narrowing at the northern entrance to 750 feet. The outer harbor from " The Dumplings" to Gould Island, a distance of about 31 miles, has a width of from 1i to 1J miles, and over a greater portion a natural depth of from 6 to 23 fathoms. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 1107 and 1108.) Originalcondition.-The capacity of the inner harbor was limited by shoals and the general business wharves could not be reached by vessels drawing more than 8 feet. Previous project.-The original project was adopted by the act of March 3, 1873, and modified and extended by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1881, July 5, 1884, July 13, 1892, and August 17, 1894. The total amount expended under this project, prior to opera- tions under the existing project in 1907, was $234,695.71 for new work and $10,000 for maintenance, a total of $244,695.71. For fur-' ther details of previous project, see page 1751, Annual Report of 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 750 feet wide and 18 feet deep along the south and east sides of Goat Island about three-fourths mile; for an anchorage of the same depth about 95 acres in area south and east of the channel; for an anchorage 13 feet deep about 41 acres in area south of the 18-foot anchorage and east- ward of the city stone pier; and for the removal of Nourmahal Rock, in Brentons Cove, off Fort Adams, to 18 feet depth. All depths refer to mean low water. The mean tidal range is 3.5 feet and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 6 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1910, is $483,900, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1910) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1907, provided for the channel along the southern and eastern sides of Goat Island (H. Doc. No. 121, 58th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of May 27, 1908, provided for the 13-foot anchorage and the removal of Nourmahal Rock (H. Doc. No. 438, 59th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the 18-foot anchorage and for the present dimensions of the channel south of Goat Island (H. Doc. No. 610, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the Aniual Report for 1915, page 2070. Recommended modifications of project,.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of 19 piers and wharves with a total docking space of 13,270 feet, of which one wharf with a front- age of 560 feet is owned by the city of Newport, about 1,900 feet of frontage is privately owned but open to public use on payment of wharfage, and about 9,110 feet of frontage is privately owned and used. In addition to the above is the Government landing, comprising 2 piers, 3 floats, ferry slips, and wharves with a total docking space of about 1,050 feet. On two privately owned piers there are direct railroad connections. No further rail connections are practicable without large railroad ex- tensions through high-priced business sections. 76 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. These facilities are considered adequate for normal existing com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The deeper and wider channel at the en- trance and through the harbor and the enlargement of the anchorage area have increased the number and size of the vessels using the inner harbor and greatly facilitate the passage of the large steamers of the New England Steamship Co. through the harbor. It is be- lieved that the improvement has somewhat reduced the water rates. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-There were no operations. Expenditures were for administration and .contingen- cies, and amounted to $592.76, applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted during the fiscal year 1916. The controlling depths at mean low water, as determined in 1921, are: Main channel, 19 feet (18 feet along edges); anchorages 17.5 and 12 feet, respectively. The expenditure under the existing project was $445,329.81 for new work and $14,215.46 for maintenance, a total of $459,545.27. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to retain the unexpended funds for such maintenance as may become necessary. No additional funds will be needed during the fiscal year 1925, as the condition of the channel and anchorages is such as will meet the probable demands of commerce for several years. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year were coal, general package freight, petroleum products, sand, -gravel, and stone, carried principally in steamers, 'schooners, and barges, drawing from 11 to 16 feet. Comparative statement. Receipts and shipments. Ferry. In transit. Year.- Tons. Value. Passen-Passen- Passen- Tons. Value. sen .. . . Value. Tons. . . . Passen- . gers. gers. gers. 1918..... 200,645 $12, 818,296 258,976 38, 571 (1) 463,000 (1) (1) (1) 1919..... 146,514 18,537,163 228,995 39,011 (1) 500,000 346,611 $227,991,101 258,831 1920.... 150,871 16,981, 693 203,806 69,185 $11, 307,770 598,362 163,573 89, 315,421 292,561 1921..... 142,040 13,928,639 (1) 136,216 68,108, 000 578,691 200, 000 120,000,000 (1) 1922..... 103,179 10,278,897 135, 365 157,608 78,804,000 565,899 190,000 114,000,000 (1) 1No data available. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $420.10: New work-------------- ------- --- $680, 025. 52 Maintenance---------------------------------------- 24, 215. 46 Net total expended ---------------------------------- 704, 240. 98 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------___ 704, 255. 31 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.................... Expended for maintenance 1.. 1, 500. 10 $1, 616. 81 $145 15 985. 58 $592. 76 Appropriated or allotted......... . INot deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. 77 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ____ _____ _____-------$607. 09 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance__.. 592. 76 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended _________--______------ --- 14. 33 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities____-_-__,-- -------------------- 14. 33 7. PROVIDENCE RIVER AND HARBOR, R. I. (B2.) Location and description.-Providence River is formed at the city of Providence by the junction of the Seekonk (Pawtucket) River and two small streams which rise in northern Rhode Island, It is tidal and flows southerly in a deep channel between broad flats about 8 miles, emptying into Narragansett Bay. It has a total drainage area of about 870 square miles and a mean fresh-water discharge of about 1,400 second-feet. The width varies from about 3 miles near the mouth to 1,400 feet at Fields Point and 200 feet at the head of navigation. Providence Harbor is in that part of the river north of Fields Point. The section included in the proj- ect is about 1.6 miles long and 800 to 1,800 feet wide. It is about 37 miles north of the Point Judith harbor of refuge at the entrance to Narragansett Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 113.) Original condition.-Providence River was obstructed by many shoals, and at one point in the channel near the head of navigation the minimum depth was but 4.5 feet at mean low water. Providence Harbor was a shallow tidal basin, with a channel of about 12 feet depth and of varying widths. The heads of navigation were at Providence and at Pawtucket through its main branch, the Paw- tucket River. The navigable portion is about 8 miles in Providence River and 5 miles additional in Pawtucket River. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the act of August 30, 1852, and modified and extended by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1873, June 18, 1878, August 2, 1882, August 5, 1886, June 3, 1896, June 13, 1902, March 2, 1907, and June 25, 1910. The total amount expended under previous projects was $2,422,- 730.35 for new work and $58,538.96 for maintenance, a total of $2,481,269.31. For further details of previous projects, see page 1750, Annual Report of 1915. Existing project.- This provides for an approach channel 30 feet deep at mean low water and 600 feet wide through the river from the deep water of Narragansett Bay opposite North Point, on Popas- quash Neck, up to Fields Point, 8.8 miles, and thence with the same depth through the harbor, 1,300 to 1,800 feet wide, limited on the east and west sides by the harbor lines, excepting the area formerly known as Green Jacket Shoal, about 1.6 miles to Fox Point. The mean tidal range is about 4.7 feet and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 8 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1920, is $1,568,200, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $25,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 1369, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1915, page 2068. Recommended modifications of project.-None. 78 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, provided that "No part of this amount ($459,000, estimated cost of the work then provided for) shall be expended until satisfactory assurances that the city of Providence or other local agency will ex- pend on the improvement of the harbor front in accordance with said document (H. Doc. 606, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) above referred to a sum equal to the amount herein appropriated and authorized." The proper assurances were promptly given, and approved by the Secretary of War September 6, 1910. The river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, provided as follows: That no work in the harbor proper north of Fields Point shall be done until the Secretary of War is satisfied that the State and city have completed their proposed expenditures in the combined Providence and Pawtucket Harbors up to at least $2,000,000 for public terminals or other permanent public harbor improvements. This was modified by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1915 (Rivers and Harbors Committee Doc. No. 9, 63d Cong., 2d sess.), by the addition of the words- or shall have given to the Secretary of War assurance satisfactory to him that the expenditure of the $2,000,000 aforesaid will be completed within a time satisfactory to him and not later than three years from the passage of this amendment. This assurance was given the Secretary of War and was approved by him June 11, 1915. The entire amount was expended by the State of Rhode Island and city of Providence prior to March 4, 1918. Terminal facilities.-These consist of piers and wharves with a total docking space of 29,250 feet, of which 4,800 feet is publicly owned, about 3,150 feet is open for general public use upon payment of wharfage, and 21,300 feet is privately owned and used. All of these wharves and piers are or can easily be connected with rail- road lines which are in operation on all sides of the harbor. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. A marine railway, capable of hauling out a vessel of 3,200 tons, with extensive facilities for marine repairs, has been established but is not now in operation. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The deepening of the harbor has modi- fied to a considerable extent the character of the vessels using it. Large steam colliers are replacing some of the coal barges formerly bringing coal from southern ports, where the trip involved a con- siderable ocean voyage; four large oil-producing companies have established distributing plants for supplying central and south- eastern New England, bringing their products from the Gulf of Mexico and other points in deep-draft tank steamers and barges, and a trans-Atlantic steamship line makes increased use of the harbor as a port of call for its larger vessels. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Under an emergency contract, an area 1,500 feet long by 120 feet wide adjacent to the municipal wharf at Fields Point, was dredged to project depth at a total cost, including supervision and inspection, of $15,189.36 of which one-half was paid by the city of Providence. A survey was made of the harbor area. Expenditures, including administration and inspection, were $9,197.62 for new work, and $1,036.11 for main- , RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE R. I., DISTRICT. 79 tenance, a total of $10,233.73 from United States funds, and $7,594.68 from contributed funds. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 66 per cent completed. The approach channel from opposite North Point, on Popasquash Neck, to Fields Point has been dredged to project depth. Above Fields Point the entire harbor up to Fox Point has been dredged to a depth of 25 feet, and about 52 per cent of this area, including a through channel at least 350 feet wide, has been deepened to 30 feet. The controlling depths at mean low water are: Approach channel, 30 feet not full width; through channel in the harbor, 28 feet; balance of harbor, 20 to 30 feet; Green Jacket Shoal (not included in existing project), 21 to 26 feet. To complete the project requires the deepening to 30 feet of about 48 per cent of the area of the harbor above Fields Point. The total expenditure un- der the existing project has been $1,048,247.41 for new work and $72,316.24 for maintenance, a total of $1,120,563.65. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds to extending the area of project depth along the western side of the harbor from the municipal wharf at Fields Point to opposite Fox Point and to maintenance operations in other sections of the im- provement, in accordance with the following estimate: Dredging 1,175,000 cubic yards, at 16 cents-------------------- $188, 000 Maintenance dredging, 196,000 cubic yards, at 30 cent,--------------58, 800 Administration, inspection, and contingencies--------------------- 28, 236 Total --------------- 275,036 The work will be commenced in August and completed in about 16 months. The extensive use of the harbor by deep draft colliers and tankers, both domestic and foreign, and by steamers from Pacific and trans- Atlantic ports, and a noticeable increase in the number of vessels anchoring in the harbor area warrant the completion of the dredging within that area. Funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925 in completing the project in Providence Harbor, as follows: Dredging 450,000 cubic yards mud and clay, at 30 cents----------- $135, 000 Administration, inspection, and contingencies--------------------- 15, 000 Total_______----- ------ ------------------------------ 150, 000 Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were coal, petroleum products, traprock, lumber and general package freight. About one-third of the total freight tonnage of the harbor was coal carried in steam colliers having a loaded draft of from 23 to 27 feet, in schooners drawing about 25 feet, and in towed barges with a draft of from 8 to 26 feet. Oil is carried for the most part in tank steamers with a draft of from 16 to 28 feet. In addition to the freight handled in the port of Providence, the freight to and from points on the Pawtuclket River passes through in transit, as well as the foreign cargoes to and from New York of the Faber Line, which uses Providence as a port of call. 616 3 7-ENG 1923-- 80 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Comparative statement of trafic. To and from Providence. In transit. Year. Tons. Value. Passengers. Tons. Value. Passengers. 1918.................. 3,540, 981 $333, 39,803 294, 374 465, 870 $7,924,429 16,235 191...................2, 809, 026 424,886, 097 368, 005 336,832 12, 934,557 17,733 1920..................3,961,969 1588,507,699 423, 359 263, 469 38,253, 369 (3) 1921................... 3,926,555 487,302,119 474, 396 (2) () () 1922 ....................... 3,928,298 371,830, 815 260,500 8266,166 8 52,123,148 (2) 1 Exclusive of 149,884 tons, valued at $844, 141, traffic across river and local. s No data available. a Does not include foreign cargoes to and from New York carried by the Faber Line. Financial summary. UNITED STATES FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,758.48: New work --------------------------------------- $3, 470, 977. 76 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 130,855.20 Net total expended -------------------------------- 3, 601, 832. 96 Total appropriations to date of this report----- -- --- 3, 876, 858. 97 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 .. . .. . . Expended for new work 1 $28, 284.55 $36,953.91 $173, 573.78 $32, 790.13 $9, 197.62 Expended for maintenance 1.. ........ 21, 816.63 ..... 1, 036.11 Total expended ......... 28, 284.55 36,953.91 195,390.41 32, 790.13 10,233.73 Appropriated or allotted................ ............ .......... I.............. 8,000.00 275, 000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---------------------------$10, 270. 08 Amount alloted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923---------- ----------------------------- 275, 000. 00 285, 270. 08 Deduction on account of amount carried to surplus fund of the Treasury ------------------------------------------------- 0. 34 285, 259. 74 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year. For new work--------------------------- $9, 197. 62 For maintenance 036. 11 1---------------------------, 10, 233. 73 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------------------------275, 026. 01 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities--- --------------- ----------- 75. 02 July 1, 1923, balance available----------------------------- 274, 950. 99 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project --.....---------- --------------------- 238, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work__-------------------------------_ 150, 000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. 81 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work -- ---------------------------------------- $7, 594. 68 Maintenance --------------------------------------- ---------- Total contributions to date of this report_ __-- ___----__ 7, 594. 68 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work .................. .... .................. . .... $7,594. 68 Expended for maintenance....... . ...... ................................ Contributed............. ........... ......... ... ............. $7,000.00 594. 68 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---------------------------- $7, 000. 00' Amount contributed by local interests.--------------------------- 594. 68; 7, 594. 68 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work__ 7, 594.68 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR PROVIDENCE RIVER AND HARBOR, R. r. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,758.48: New work------------------- ------------------- $3, 478, 572. 44 Maintenance. ------------------ 130, 855. 20 Net total expended 3, 609, 427. 64 Total appropriations and contributions to date of this report.. 3, 884, 453. 65 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work ..... $28, 284. 55 $36, 953.91 $173, 573. 78 $32, 790. 13 $16, 792.30 Expended for maintena 1.. a ......... ............ 1,036.11 Total expended I......... 28,284.55 36,953.91 173, 573. 78 32,790. 13 17, 828. 41 Appropriated, allotted, or con- ri ted......................................................................... 275,594. 68 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------------------------- $17, 270. 08 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923 ..-- -------------------------------- 275, 000. 00 Amount contributed by local interests__________ _______--__-- 594. 68 292, 864. 76 Deduction on account of amount carried to surplus fund of the Treasury -------- ----------------------------------------- 10. 34 292, 854. 42 June 30, 1923, amount'expended during fiscal year: For new work__ _____________ $16, 792. 30 For maintenance , 036. 11 1----------------------------- 17, 828. 41 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-_. ---------------------- 275, 026. 01 ------------ July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities_______________ 75. 02 July 1, 1923, balance available ---------------- --- 274,950.99 SNot deducting receipts from sales, etc. 82 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------------------------------------1 $238, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work_--_ ----------------------------- 150, 000. 00 8. PAWTUCKET (SEEKONK) RIVER, R. I. (B3.) Location and description.-This river rises in the vicinity of Worcester, Mass., and flows in a general southeasterly direction for about 50 miles, emptying into Providence Harbor at Providence. Between Providence and Pawtucket, a distance of 5.2 miles, within which lies the improved portion, the river is tidal. Above Pawtucket the river is used for power and manufacturing purposes, and is -known as the Blackstone. The total drainage area is about 547 :square miles, and the mean fresh-water discharge is about 885 second- feet. The width between the shores varies from about 100 feet, be- tween the wharves at Pawtucket, to about 2,700 feet in the widest portions. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 353.) Original condition.-The river between Providence and Pawtucket was a shoal tidal basin, with a ruling depth in the channel of about 5 feet at mean low tide. The basin was wide and the channel narrow and obstructed by two bridges with badly arranged draws. Navigation was difficult even for small vessels. The head of naviga- tion was at Pawtucket Falls, about 5.2 miles above the mouth of the river. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the act of March 2, 1867, and modified and extended by the river and harbor acts of July 5, 1884, and March 3, 1899. The total amount expended under this project, prior to operations under the existing project in 1906, was $334,425.32 for new work. For further Mtails of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1749. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 16 to 18 feet deep at mean low water and 150 to 230 feet wide from Red Bridge up to the ledge rock between the wharves at Pawtucket, 3.2 miles; thence with same depths 100 to 60 feet wide through the ledge to Division Street Bridge, 0.2 mile. The mean tidal range is about 4.7 feet at the mouth of the river and about 5 feet at Pawtucket, and the maxi- mum ranges due to the combined effect of wind and other causes are about 8 and 7 feet, respectively. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1922, is $423,035, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects but including the expenditure of funds contributed by the State of Rhode Island to the amount of $67,792. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1905, provided for the 16-foot chan- nel from Red Bridge, in Providence, to Division Street Bridge, in Pawtucket (H. Doc. No. 113, 56th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of March 3, 1909, authorized the expenditure of any balance remaining after the completion of work then under contract in deepening the channel to 18 feet at mean low water and increasing the width at such places as would best serve the interests of navigation; the act of March 2, 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. 83 1919, provided for widening the channel except through the ledge at Pawtucket to 150 feet (H. Doc. No. 1283, 64th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of September 22, 1922, provided for the present width of channel through the ledge at Pawtucket (H. Doc. No. 654, 66th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 1283, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.- None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, required that the State of Rhode Island, or other agency, should con- tribute $67,792, which was complied with. The State of Rhode Island has also built a public wharf, 700 feet in extent, with a ware- house and suitable approaches, at a cost of about $234,000. Terminal facilities.-Including the wharves at Phillipsdale, two in number, these cover about 4,540 feet of docking space, of which 700 feet is owned by the State of Rhode Island and 3,840 feet owned and used by private owners. Of the latter some portions are at times used by the public upon payment of wharfage. The two wharves at Phillipsdale have near-by rail connections in the yards of the owners. The other wharves are not conveniently located for rail connection. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The increased width and depth in the channel enables vessels of larger size to reach Pawtucket and has enabled one of the large manufacturing plants at Phillipsdale to bring its coal and raw material from New York points in its own vessels to Phillipsdale. These conditions tend toward increased economy in the handling of the commerce of the port. The freight line to New York materially facilitates the delivery of valuable pack- age freight. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Contract dredging for improvement and maintenance completed the widening of the channel below Phillipsdale and restored the channel to project dimensions up to a point 2,160 feet above Phillipsdale and to full depth for a width of 120 feet nearly to the lower wharf at Pawtucket. Work was still in progress at the end of the year. The expenditures, including administration and inspection, were $19,020.15 for new work, and $48,358.73 for maintenance, a total of $67,378.88. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 80 per cent completed. The channel has been dredged to 16 feet depth, 150 feet wide, increased to 230 feet, for 1,600 feet in the bend at Phillips- dale, to the lower wharves at Pawtucket and thence 100 feet wide to the rock area between the wharves at Pawtucket through which the general width is 60 feet. The controlling depths at mean low water are: 16 feet nearly to the lower wharves at Pawtucket and thence between 11 and 12 feet to Division Street Bridge. The head of navigation is at Pawtucket Falls, about 5.2 miles above the mouth of the river. To complete the project requires the widening of the channel to 150 feet for a short distance at Pawtucket and the widening to 100 feet of a portion of the channel through the ledge at Pawtucket. The expenditure under the existing project has been $274,309.74 for new work and $66,059.58 for maintenance, a total of $340,369.32. In addition, there was expended $67,792 for new work 84 REPORT' OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. from contributed funds, a grand total of both United States and con- tributed funds of $408,161.32. Proposed operations.-The unexpended fuinds will be applied to work covered by the existing contract. The completion of the above work will place the improvement in condition to meet the probable requirements of commerce for several years. Under present con- ditions, further widening of the channel through the rock area is not urgently needed. For reasons of economy, no additional funds will be required at this time. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were coal, fuel oil, pig iron, and general package freight, carried in barges, schooners and steamers drawing from 4 to 16 feet. The tonnage shows an increase of about 27 per cent over that for 1921, applying to all items. A line of freight steamers operates between Pawtucket and New York. Comparative statement. Calendar Tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar Tons. Value. Passengers. year. year. 1918.......... 465,3.70 7,924,428 36,465 1921.......... 209,476 20,850,371 (1) 1919 ........ 318,883 9,568,557 22,400 1922.......... 266,166 28,659,098 (1) 1920.... ......... 349, 566 15, 740,107 7,750 1 No record. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $54.97: New work ----------------------------------------- $608, 735. 06 Maintenance-------- ---------------------------- 66, 059. 58 Net total expended------- -------------------- 1674, 794. 64 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 701, 713. 49 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1...................... $55,122.91 $35,573.69 .............. 19,020.15 Expended for maintenance 1..... $567.85 .............. $9,499.84 $70.97 348,358.73 Total expended 1......... 567.85 55,122.91 45,073.53 70.97 67,378.88 Appropriated or allotted........ ................ ............... ... 90,000.00 29,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------ -------------- $90, 297. 73 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922------------------------------ ----------------- 25, 000.00 Amount transferred from other works in district---------------- 4, 000. 00 119, 297. 73 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work------------------------------ $19,020. 15 For maintenance--------------------------- 48,358. 73 67, 378. 88 ..-------- July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------- . 51, 918. 85 1In addition, $67,792 was contributed by local interests and expended on this work. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. 85 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities--------------- $14,446..91 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts 4, 922. 62 $19,369.53 July 1, 1923, balance available ------------------------------ 32,549. 32 Amount (estimated) required to .be appropriated for completion of existing project -------------------------------------- 177, 000. 00 9. HARBOR OF REFUGE AT POINT JUDITH, R. I. (B4.) Location and description.--Point Judith is the southern extremity of the township of Narragansett, R. I., and marks the southwestern entrance to Narragansett Bay. The harbor is formed by a main detached breakwater in front of a curve in the shore line to the westward of Point Judith, and two shore-arm breakwaters, one to the east and the other to the west of the main breakwater. It is roughly triangular in shape and extends at its farthermost southerly point about 6,600 feet from the shore. It is about 14 miles southwest of Newport Harbor, R. I., and 33 miles east of New London Harbor, Conn. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1108.) Original condition.-The only protection to the site of the harbor was the mainland to the north. A long ledge, known as Squid Ledge, projects over a mile from shore in a direction south by east about 1.5 miles west of the point. This locality was dangerous for vessels to pass during a storm, especially for the light-built barges trans- porting coal from New York Bay points to Narragansett Bay. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a main breakwater 6,970 feet long, to be built in part on Squid Ledge approximately in the form of the letter V, with its apex facing outward in about a south by west direction and lying from one-half to 11 miles from shore; for an easterly shore-arm breakwater 2,240 feet long, to be built to the east- ward of the main breakwater, leaving an entrance to the harbor 1,200 feet in width; for a westerly shore-arm breakwater 3,560 feet long, extending toward the west arm of the main breakwater, leaving an entrance to the harbor 1,500 feet in width; and for the removal of two shoals, one in the anchorage area and the other near the east- erly entrance, to a depth of 18 feet at mean low water. All breakwaters are of the rubble mound type, with the crest 10 feet above mean low water. The mean tidal range is about 4 feet, and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 8 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, is $2,537,500. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of mainte- nance is $12,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for the main breakwater (H. Doc. No. 66, 51st Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of March 2, 1907, made final provision for the present dimensions of the east- ern shore arm (H. Doc. No. 60, 58th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the western shore arm (H. Doc. No. 911, 60th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of March 2, 1919, providing for re- moving the two shoals from the harbor area (H. Doc. No. 2001, 64th 1 Exclusive of available funds. 86 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-named document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-So far as known the improvement has had no effect on water rates, but the harbor forms a fairly good refuge for vessels during fogs and storms. Its effect, then, has been to reduce the hazards of navigation and has probably been reflected in the rates for marine insurance. During the calendar year 1922 a total of 351 vessels of all classes used the harbor for purposes of refuge. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. The expenditures were $616.49 for administration and main- tenance contingencies. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1921, the breakwaters being completed in 1914. There had been created a harbor which is fairly suitable for the shelter of vessels but has poor holding ground. The breakwaters are in fair condition. The controlling depths at mean low water are: West entrance, about 20 feet; east entrance, about 22 feet; behind the breakwaters, 18 to 35 feet. The expenditures have been $2,371,467.55 for new work and $235,206.53 for maintenance, a total of $2,606,674.08. Propose' operations.-None. No additional "funds are needed, as the breakwaters are in fair condition and do not urgently need repairs. Commercial statistics.--There are no commercial wharves in this harbor. During the calendar year 1922 a total of 351 vessels- schooners,, steamers, barges, and yachts--sought refuge behind the breakwaters. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $526.34: New work---_ _$2, 371, 467. 55 Maintenance - 235, 206. 53 Net total expended-- --- ------------------------- 2, 606, 674. 08 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 2, 606, 700. 63 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1. .............. ........ - ..... $.........- $36,186.43 ........... Expended for maintenance 1..... $1, 456. 66 $166. 69 .................... 49 $.....616. Appropriated orallotted........ 52,500.00 .......................................... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended.. -------------------------- $9, 643. 04 Deduction on account of amount transferred to other works in dis- trict ------------------------------------------------- 9, 000. 00 643. 04 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 616. 49 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_----------- 26. 55 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities- -_------- ., ------- 26. 55 RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. 87 10. HARBOR OF REFUGE AT BLOCK ISLAND, R. I. (B5.) Location and description.-This harbor is on the east side of Block Island, near the south end of the inner curve of the shore line, and varies in width from about 1,200 to 200 feet in an easterly and westerly direction in a length of about 1,800 feet north and south, and is protected from the southeast to north by breakwaters. It is 13 miles south by west from Point Judith Harbor and about 25 miles southeasterly from Stonington Harbor, Conn. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1108.) Original condition.-The site of the harbor was on the ocean shore, unprotected except by the shore line of the island, which formed a partial shelter from southerly and westerly storms. There was no natural harbor on the island, and the small boats used by the fisher- men were hauled up on the beach by oxen for safety during storms. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a rubble-mound breakwater extending northerly about 1,950 feet from the shore; a similar break- water about 1,100 feet long, extending northerly and easterly, inclos- ing, with the main breakwater, an area about 800 feet square desig- nated as the inner harbor; masonry walls in the southeastern corner of the inner harbor inclosing an area nearly 300 feet square desig- nated as the basin; and for dredging to a depth of 15 feet at mean low water the outer protected area and about 67 per cent of the inner harbor and of the basin. The mean tidal range is about 3 feet, and the maximum range, due to the combined effects of wind and other causes, is 7 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1912, is $596,174. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 11, 1870, provided for the main break- water (Annual Report for 1868, p. 785, and S. Misc. Doc. No. 81, 40th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of August 5, 1886, provided for the breakwater inclosing the inner harbor (S. Doc. No. 27, 48th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1885, p. 610) ; the act of June 3, 1896, provided for raising the crest of the main breakwater and making it sand tight (H. Doc. No. 83, 54th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of July 25, 1912, made final provision for the basin walls and for the present dimensions of the dredged areas (H. Doc. No. 828, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of one wharf publicly owned with about 500 feet of docking space and one privately owned and used with about 180 feet of docking space. In addition, fishermen in small boats land their fares alongside the basin walls. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-So far as known no effect has been pro- duced on water rates, but the building of the breakwaters has afforded an excellent shelter for the fishing boats on the east side of the island, 88 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. and the deepening and widening of the channel allows vessels of greater draft and size to reach the wharves. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. The expenditures were $88.96, for maintenance contingencies. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 96 per cent completed. The breakwater and harbor walls were com- pleted in 1916. The inner harbor and basin have been dredged to project dimensions and a channel 60 to 130 feet wide and 15 feet deep has been dredged from deep water outside of the harbor up to the town wharf. The controlling depths at mean low water as deter- mined in 1922 are: Channel through harbor, 141 feet to steamboat wharf, thence 13 feet to the head of the basin; inner harbor, 15 feet, except at the edges. There are several small shoals of embedded bowlders surrounded by deep water at the entrance to the harbor opposite the breakwater light on which the depths vary from 12 to 15 feet. The breakwaters and basin walls are in fair condition. To complete the project requires the deepening of the outer protected area adjacent to the dredged channel, including the removal of the bowlders referred to above. The expenditures have been $574,400.36 for new work and $66,766.38 for maintenance, a total of $641,166.74. Proposed operations.-Practicallythe entire length of the channel is subject to shoaling, due to sand washed through or over the break- water in times of heavy easterly storms. The occurrence and extent of this shoaling can not be foretold. The channel has shoaled some- what since dredging was done in 1922. Further encroachment will necessitate redredging. The bowlders, mentioned in a preceding paragraph, at the entrance to the harbor should be removed. To provide for their removal and for the clearing from the channel of the very probable encroachment of wave-driven sand, funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, as follows: Removing 2,300 cubic yards bowlders and gravel, at $2--------------$4, 600 Administration, inspection, and contingencies_________________ -_ 400 Total for new work-------------- 5, 000 Dredging 8,000 cubic yards sand, at 57 cents ---------------- 4, 560 Administration, inspection, and contingencies --------------------- 440 ---- Total for maintenance____________________ __--5, 000 Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were fish, coal, and general package freight. Comparative statement. Calendar Short Value Passen- Calendar Short Value Passen- year. tons. gers. year. tons. gers. 1918.......... 9,799 $1,922,723 34,699 1921.......... 13,733 $2,716,820 60,000 1919.......... 5,980 971,272 50,912 1922.......... 8,720 1,120,000 30,686 1920.......... 6,385 1,465, 916 49,600 RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I.y DISTRICT. 89 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $209.96: New work-------------------- ------ ---- ---------- $574, 400. 36 Maintenance ----------------------------- 66, 766. 38 Net total expended -------------------------------- 641, 166. 74 Total appropriations to date of this report-- ------ --------- 641,166. 74 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 - --- ------ - - ----- - --- -- Expended for new work......... ............. .................. .................... Expended for maintenance 1..... $553.34 $8.13 $4,738.64 $7,470.13 $88. 96 Appropriated or allotted.......... . ...... ........... ...... ... ........ . 5,650.00 ............ 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ----------------------------- $88. 96 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_- 88. 96 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -- -----------------------------------21, 000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work------------------ ---------------------- 5, 000.00 For maintenance ------------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Total --------------------------------------------- 10, 000. 00 11. GREAT SALT POND, BLOCK ISLAND, R. I. (B6.) Location and description.-Great Salt Pond is located near the central part of the island of Block Island and is 1, miles south- westerly from the harbor of refuge at Point Judith and 20 miles southeasterly from Stonington Harbor, Conn. It is a body of water approximately 1.25 miles long and about 0.6 of a mile wide, con- nected with the ocean by a channel through the beach. Its greatest depth is about 60 feet, and it has an area of about 150 acres exceed- ing 18 feet in depth. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1108.) Original condition.-It was a large pond with brackish water, separated from the ocean on the west side by a narrow strip of beach. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel from the ocean to the pond 600 feet wide with a central depth of 25 feet for a width of 150 feet, sloping gradually up to a depth of 12 feet in a width of 504 feet and thence up to the low-water level with a bottom slope of 1 on 4; for two riprap jetties at the entrance, the northerly one 1,200 feet long, and the southerly one extending 350 feet beyond the 18- foot contour; and for stone revetment and sand fences to protect the banks through the original beach. The mean tidal range is about 3 feet, and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 7 feet or more. 90 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1i83. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1902, is $305,000. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for the channel and jetties (H. Doc. No. 57, 54th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of June 13, 1902 provided for the revetment and sand fences and made final provision for the present dimensions of the jetties (Annual Report for 1900, p. 1276). The latest published map is in House Document No. 60, Fifty-eighth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The project was adopted without special con- ditions being imposed, but the State of Rhode Island and town of New Shoreham expended $124,975.90 in dredging and protecting the channel. Terminal facilities.-These consist of one privately owned wharf with a docking space of 575 feet for public use on payment of wharf- age and several small wharves, privately owned, around the shores of the pond. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-So far as known no effect has been pro- duced on water rates by the improvement. The accessibility of the pond gives to vessels a harbor of refuge with an entrance channel of good width and depth and has afforded means of reaching vessels in distress that could not have been reached from the open shore. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions during the fiscal year. The expenditures were $106.41 for ad- ministration and maintenance contingencies. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 62 per cent completed. The channel has been dredged into the pond 300 feet wide and 18 feet deep, with a central depth of 25 feet over a width of 150 feet, and the south jetty extended to a length of 1,691 feet. The controlling depths at mean low water, as determined in 1923, are: For 100 feet width in the central portion, nearly 23 feet; for 200 feet width in the central portion, 18 feet and over. The jetty is in fair condition. To complete the project requires the fur- ther widening and deepening of the channel, the extension of the south jetty, and the construction of the north jetty. The expendi- tures have been $189,036.65 for new work and $23,999.51 for main- tenance, a total of $213,036.16. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to retain the unexpended bal- ance for maintenance contingencies. No additional funds are required, as the improvement meets the demands of present commerce. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year were fish, petroleum products, provisions, and general package freight. Comparative statement. Year. Tons. Value. Passengers. Year. Tons. Value. Passengers. 1918......... _ 6 284 $801, 612 11, 005 1921......... 5,550 $2,141,000 53, 000 1919.......... 7 856 1,297,319 34,755 1922.......... 3,370 831, 000 9,000 1920......... 8 667 2, 082, 242 35, 331 RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. 91 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ----------------------------------------- $189, 036, 65 Maintenance ____________________ ---- 23, 999. 51 Net total expended---------------------------------- 213, 0368. 16 Total appropriations to date of this report____________________ 213, 209. 68 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........ ........... ... ...... .. Expended for maintenance..... $645.00 $183.14 $175.92 $420 88 $106.41 Appropriated or allotted......... ....... ...... ............. ... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ________________________ $279. 93 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 106. 41 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------------------------ 173. 52 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities________________________1. 17 July 1, 1923, balance available__________________________ _ 172. 35 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project- -------------------------------- 1116, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP B. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2,969.85: New work --------------------------------------- $7,894, 642.90 Maintenance --------------- 47, 102. 66 5-- Net total expended-- --------- ------------- 8, 441, 745. 56 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 8, 743, 904. 82 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ $28 284.55 $92, 076.82 $209, 147.47 $68,976.56 $28,217.77 Expended for maintenance 1..... 4,722.95 1, 974.77 36,376.18 8,947.56 50,799,46 Total expended 1...3...... 33,007.50 94,051.59 245,523.65 77,924.12 79,017.23 Appropriated or allotted........................... . ........ ..... 103,650.00 279,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended________--- __-------------- $111, 186. 83 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923---------------------------------------- 275, 000. 00 Amount transferred from other works in district----------------- 4, 000. 00 390, 186. 83 Deduction on account of amount transferred to other works in district ($9,000) and carried to Surplus Fund of the Treasury ($10.34) ----------------------- - --------- 9,010.34 381, 176. 49 1 Exclusive of available funds. 92 RIVERS AND HARBORS--PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. June 80, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work ----------------------------- $28, 217. 77 For maintenance-------------------------- 50, 799. 46 $79, 017. 23 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_--- ------------------------- 302, 159. 26 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-------------- 14,556. 64 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts 4, 922. 62 19, 476.26 July 1, 1923, balance available ----------------------------- 282, 683. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work---------- ---------------------------- 1155, 000. 00 For maintenance--------- ---------------------- ------ 5, 000.00 Total-- ---------------------------------------- 160, 000.00 STONINGTON AND NEW LONDON HARBORS, CONN., PAWCATUCK RIVER, R. I. AND CONN., AND MYSTIC AND THAMES RIVERS, CONN. (GROUP C.) 12. PAWCATUCK RIVER, R. I. AND CONN. (C1.) Location and description.-This river is formed by the junction of the Wood and Charles Rivers in southwestern Rhode Island and flows westerly and southerly 18 miles and enters Little Narragansett Bay about 13 miles east of New London Harbor. Its drainage area is about 300 square miles. The discharge is not known. The lower 9 miles is the boundary between Rhode Island and Connecticut. The river is tidal to Westerly, R. I., 5 miles from the mouth. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-The minimum usual low-water depth was 4 feet through the bay; in the river the depth was 1 to 11 feet and the channel was crooked and obstructed by numerous shoals and rocks. The head of navigation was and is at Westerly, 5 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871, and modified by the river and harbor act of August 5, 1886. The amount expended prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1896 and exclusive of $35,856.96 expended on the improvement of Little Narragansett Bay between 1876 and 1884, was $97,500.01, all applied to new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1752 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel in Little Narragan- sett Bay and in the river 10 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide from Stonington to Avondale, about 4 miles; 100 feet wide from Avondale to the lower wharves at Westerly, about 3 miles; and 40 feet wide between the lower and- upper wharves of Westerly, about one-half mile; and for the removal of obstructions at Watch Hill, at the southeastern part of the Little Narragansett Bay. The mean tidal range is 2.6 feet at the mouth of the river anal 2.3 feet at the head of navigation, and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes is 7 feet or more. 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. 93 The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1913, is $149,732.97, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $600, to be appropriated in sums of $3,000 at intervals of five years. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for the present chan- nel dimensions (H. Doc. No. 62, 54th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of March 3, 1905, provided for the removal of obstruction at Watch Hill. The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of. project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. In 1875-76 wharf owners contributed about $2,000, one-half of the expense, for dredg- ing in the upper end of the improvement. Obstructive bowlders have been removed from the bay at Watch Hill by the Watch Hill Improvement Association at a cost of $1,025. Terminal facilities.-There are at present in commercial use 11 bulkhead and pile wharves, located near the head of navigation at Westerly and Pawcatuck. These wharves are all privately owned, but at least two are open to public use on equal terms. There is on the river an old wharf to which the town of Westerly claims title, but the structure is in poor condition and has not been used for many years. There are several other old and unused wharves at Westerly and along the river. The wharves in use have no direct connection with the railroad, but access may be had to all over improved high- ways. The facilities are considered adequate for the present com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement affords the town of Westerly the benefit of water transportation, which could not be car- ried on under modern conditions in the river in its natural state. The improvement has resulted in a reduction of the water rates on bulk commodities. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. The expenditures were $1,026.06, all for a survey and main- tenance contingencies. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 74 per cent completed. The channels have been dredged to project dimensions, except that the channel in the bay has a general width of 100 feet, the channel in the river at Pawcatuck Rocks, a width of 80 feet, and there is a shoal in the vicinity of Rhodes Folly Beacon, due to bowlders deeply embedded in the bottom. The most obstructive bowlders in the vicinity of Watch Hill have been removed, the work being completed in 1913. The controlling depths as determined in 1923, are about 9 feet (confined to the central portion of the chan- nel) to the lower wharves at Westerly, thence 7 feet to the head of navigation and 6 feet to Watch Hill. The work required to com- plete the project is the widening of the channel to 200 feet to Avon- dale and the removal of rock at Pawcatuck Rocks and of bowlders from the vicinity of Rhodes Folly Beacon. The expenditure under the existing project has been $85,02'9.62 for new work and $22,752.86 for maintenance, a total of $107.782.48. 94 REPORT' OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Proposed operation.--It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds in accordance with the following estimates: Dredging in Little Narragansett Bay and in the river, 50,000 cubic yards, at 56 cents------ $---------------------- 000 Administration, inspection, and contingencies-------------------- 2, 467 Total for maintenance ---------------------------------- 30, 467 Removing 125 cubic yards bowlders, at $20----------------- $2, 500 Administration, inspection, and contingencies ___________-___250 For new work - --------------- 2, 750 Total ----------------------------------------------- 33, 217 It is proposed to commence the work during August or September and complete it in four or five working months. As the completion of the above work will place the improvement in good condition, no additional funds are required. Commercial statistics.-The principal item of freight for the cal- endar year was coal, carried in box barges drawing from 8 to 81 feet. Sand and clay were carried by schooner. Barges of large capacity lightly loaded were used to secure a maximum load for minimum draft. Owing largely to the shortage of coal there was a decrease in tonnage of about 39 per cent from that reported for 1921. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918.................. 773689 $733,368 1921...................... 35,311 $396,574 1919................... 27,359 226,972 1922.................. 21,601 326,868 1920.................. 27,724 369,739 Financial sunmm ary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $631.27: New work___-------------------------------------------- $182,529.63 Maintenance ---------------------------------------------- 22, 752. 86 Net total expended------------------------------------ 205, 282. 49 Total appropriations to date of this report_______------------- 238, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1....... .... ..... $2,500.00 ..... ...... ... ........... Expended for maintenance 1..... $147. 57 4, 546. 08 $36. 29 $50. 00 $1, 026.06 Total expended 1.......... 147.57 7,046.08 36. 29 50.00 1,026. 06 Appropriated or allotted......... 2,500.00 .......................... ......... 33,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------------ $1, 243. 57 Amount alloted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923_-------------- ---------------------- 33, 000. 00 34, 243. 57 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance- 1,026. 06 RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. 95 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------------------------- .$33, 217. 51 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities---------------------------- 6. 25 July 1, 1923, balance available_----- ------------ ----- 33, 211. 26 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project__ ___ ______-- ------ 1a64, 700.00 13. STONINGTON HARBOR, CONN. (C2.) Except for a slight deficiency in width across Noyes Shoal, this project was completed in 1897. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year and there are no funds available. No work is now proposed, as the breakwaters and channels are in a condition to satis- factorily meet the demands of commerce for several years. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1919, page 202. Commercial statistics.-The principal itens of freight for the cal- endar year were fish, coal, and sand. With the exception of the fish, the freight was carried in barges, canal boats and schooners drawing from 7.5 to 9 feet of water. There was a decrease in tonnage from that reported for 1921 of about 45 per cent, due to the small receipts of coal. During the year about 1,000 vessels sought refuge behind the breakwaters. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Tons. Value. 1920........... ......................................... ................. . 6,523 $265,575 1921 .............. . ................................. ..... ...... 5,394 249,280 1922.............................................................................................. 3,717 171,345 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $210.22: New work - __--------------------------------$337, 453. 83 Maintenance_ ------------ ------------------- 6, 000. 00 Net total expended ______---__--__ ------------ 343, 453. 83 Total appropriations to date of this report___---------- 343, 453.83 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended fornew work................ Expended for maintenance............................. .............. Appropriated or allotted......... ....... ..... ..................... ......... 14. MYSTIC RIVER, CONN. (C3.) Except for slight deficiencies in width above the highway bridge at Mystic, the project was completed in 1913. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year, and there are no funds available. No 1 Exclusive of available funds. 61637-ENG 1923- 7 96 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. work is now proposed, as the channels are in good condition and ap- pear to meet the demands of the present commerce. (For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1919, p. 204.) Commercial statistics.-The principal item of freight for the year was coal carried in barges drawing from 11 to 13 feet. The de- crease in tonnage is mainly due to the falling off in coal receipts. The amount of fish and lobsters handled in the lower river greatly increases the valuation for the harbor. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918................. .... 19, 690 $150,590 1921 ................ .. 26,519 $405,089 1919.................... 15, 992 130,518 1922..................... 15,353 434,742 1920..................... 17,683 493,326 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $152.41: New work------------------------------------------$48, 125. 50 Maintenance-------------------------------------------- 134.50 Net total expended----------------------------------48, 260. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------- 48, 260. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended fornew work....................................................... Expended for maintenance....................................................... Appropriated orallotted. ......... ......................................... ...... 15. NEW LONDON HARBOR, CONN. (C4.) Location and description.-This harbor is on the north shore of Long Island Sound, at its eastern end, and about 14 miles east of the mouth of the Connecticut River. It comprises the lower 3 miles of the Thames River, including Shaws and Winthrops Coves, both lying on the westerly side near its head, and is from about one- fourth to 11 miles wide. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) det Original condition. The minimum usable low-water depth iii the main channel to the head of the harbor was 26 feet for a width from about one-eighth to one-half mile; along the New London wharf front, 10 to 15 feet; in Shaws Cove, 24 to 8 feet; and in Winthrops Cove, 7 to 14 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, as a part of the improvement of the Thames River and as a separate project by the river and harbor act of March 3,1881. A project for Shaws Cove, as a part of the improvement of the Thames River, was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892. The amount expended prior to the adop- tion of the existing project in 1902 was $19,800 applied to new work in New London Harbor and $21,000 applied to new work in Shaws RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. 97 Cove, a total of $40,800. For further details of previous projects, see page 1753 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an entrance channel 600 feet wide, 33 feet deep, and about 31 miles long from Long Island Sound to the natural deep water in the upper harbor; a channel 400 feet or more in width, 23 feet deep, and about 6,000 feet long skirting the water front of the city; and for dredging Shaws Cove to a depth of 15 feet. The plane of reference is mean low water, the mean tidal range being 2.4 feet. The maximum tidal range, due to the com- bined effects of wind and other causes, is 7 feet or more. The esti- mate of cost for new work, revised in 1921, is $587,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1914) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,300. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for the water-front channel (H. Doc. No. 392, 56th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for dredging in Shaws Cove (H. Doc. No. 329, 60th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of July 27, 1916, provided for the entrance channel (H. Doc. No. 613, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Pursuantto a provision in the river and har- bor act of July 27, 1916, requiring local cooperation precedent to the expenditure of funds appropriated in accordance with the report in House Document No. 613, Sixty-third Congress, second session, the State of Connecticut has completed at an expense of approximately $1,000,000 the essential portions of its terminal development, consist- ing of a pier 1,000 feet by 200 feet in size, provided with approach channels and vessel berths, affording depths of 35 feet at mean low water, and equipped with storage warehouse, cargo-handling and railroad facilities. Expenditure of funds appropriated by the above act was authorized by the Secretary of War September 8, 1916. Terminal facilities.-The wharves served by this improvement are, with few exceptions, of pile and timber construction. On the west side of the harbor there are several wharves directly connected with the railroads and nearly all provided with transfer facilities. The remaining wharves are generally smaller and are equipped to serve the business of the owner or operator only. The total developed shore frontage is about 1 miles. The State and the municipality each own a terminal open to public use. Several other wharves are owned or leased by Government agencies for departmental uses. Of the privately owned wharves there are several available for public use on equal terms. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to materially reduce rates on water-borne freight. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. Expenditures were for administration, and amounted to $401.93, charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 60 per cent completed. The channels along the water front and in Shaws Cove were completed in 1913. The entrance channel is about 83 per cent completed. To complete the project requires the further 98 IREPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. deepening of the entrance channel. The controlling depths at mean low water as determined in 1921 are: Main channel from entrance to State terminal, 30 feet; channel along the water front, about 21 feet; Shaws Cove, 9 to 14 feet. The expenditures under the existing project have been $467,487.35 for new work and $8,183.32 for mainte- nance, a total of $475,670.67. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to retain the unexpended funds for maintenance contingencies as such work becomes neces- sary. No appropriation for maintenance during the fiscal year 1925 is required, as the water-front channel and Shaws Cove appear to be :in such condition as to meet the probable needs of commerce for one or more years, and for reasons of economy in expenditures no addi- tional funds to complete the project are necessary at this time. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were coal, general package freight, products of agri- culture, and lumber, carried in steamers, barges, and schooners draw- ing from 10 to 24 feet. The bulk of the commerce is handled on a draft of about 15 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918....................................................... 542,665 $164,710,162 132,711 1919 ......................... ............................. 553,845 120,107, 614 154,033 1920............................ .......................... 424, 995 176,121,976 144,170 1921 ....... . ......... .................. ....... 522,896 ..................... 161,926, 743 164,569 1922 ............. .... .......... .................... ........... 571,555 237,994,545 130,545 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2.50: New work--------- ------------------------------ $508, 287. 35 Maintenance ---------------------- --- 8, 183. 32 Net total expended---------------------------- ----- 516, 470. 67 Total appropriations to date of this report -------------------- 517,200. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1... ...... 72,245.11 $80, 886.06 $1, 920.65 ........... Expended for maintenance 1..... 1,457.45 1, 022.74 883.51 1,348.74 401.93 Total expended 1.......... 1,457.45 73, 267. 85 81,769.57 3, 24. 39 401.93 Appropriated orallotted........ ............................................................ 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended----------------------- $1,131. 26 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance- 401. 93 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended 29. 33 7---------------------- July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------------------------------ 4. 06 July 1, 1923, balance available--------------------------------- 725. 27 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project - ---------- - - - - - 120, 000. 00 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. 99 16. THAMES RIVER, CONN. (C5.) Location and description.-This river is a tidal estuary varying in width from about 400 feet to three-fourths of a mile, and extending from the junction of the Yantic and Shetucket Rivers at Norwich, Conn., 15 miles southerly to Long Island Sound at New London. The improvement includes the upper 12 miles, the lower 3 miles being included under New London Harbor. The drainage area is about 1,465 square miles. The average discharge of the river at Norwich- approximates 850 second-feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Sur- vey Chart No. 52.) Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depths and widths were: New London to Bartletts Crossover, 4 miles, 26 feet deep and 250 feet wide; Bartletts Crossover to Allyns Point, 2 miles, 13 feet deep and 300 feet wide; and thence 6 miles to the head of navigation at Norwich, about 6 feet deep and generally narrow. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 4, 1836. The amount expended prior to operations under the existing project was $157,300, of which $10,000 was for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1754 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 200 feet wide and 20 feet deep to Allyns Point; thence of same width and 14 feet deep to Norwich; the construction of five training walls, with their tops at mean high water, located, respectively, at Mohegan, pile and stone, about 2,750 feet long; Trading Cove, riprap, 2,325 feet long; Long Rock, riprap, about 2,750 feet long; Rolling Mill, riprap, about 3,300 feet long; and Norwich, riprap, 1,050 feet long; and the removal of obstructions in the Shetucket River at Norwich. The plane of ref- erence is mean low water, the mean tidal range being 2.4 feet at New London and 3.1 at Norwich. The maximum range, due to the com- bined effect of wind and other causes, is 7 feet or more. The esti- mate of cost for new work, revised in 1909, is $265,830, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1907) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $9,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 2, 1882, provided for training walls and also finally for the present channel dimensions above Allyns Point (Annual Report for 1882, p. 606) ; the act of March 2, 1907, made final provision for the present channel dimensions up to Allyns Point (H. Doc. No. 265, 59th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the removal of obstructions in the Shetucket River (H. Doc. No. 397, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published maps are in the above-mentioned documents. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions for local cooperation were pre- scribed by law at the time of the adoption or modification of the project. In 1835-36 the Merchants' Bank of Norwich expended $3,679 in dredging channels in the vicinity of Norwich. Terminal facilities.-Wharves along the river and at Norwich are mainly of the bulkhead type, both with and without pile aprons. Of these, four along the river and ore at Norwich have direct railroad connection and transfer facilities. There is a municipal wharf at Norwich not provided with cargo-handling machinery. Eight or more of the privately owned wharves along the river and at Norwich 100 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. are open to the public on equal terms, but not all of these are in commercial use at the present time. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of ter- minal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work done has reduced the cost of water transportation by increasing the available draft from 8 feet to 16 and 22 feet. The river commerce of the present day could not be carried except for the increased depths thus obtained. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no op- erations. Expenditures were $143.87 for maintenance contingencies. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1912, the training walls having been completed in 1906, except the upper end of the Rolling Mill Dike, which is replaced by adjacent shore improvements. The controlling depths at mean low water as determined in 1923 are 20 feet to Allyns Point, thence 14 feet (not full width) nearly to Fort Point, thence 13 feet to Norwich, 12 feet in front of the Norwich wharves and in the Shetucket River up to the town wharf. The training walls are in fair condition. The expenditures under the existing project have been $299,214.14 for new work and $128,103.32 for maintenance, a total of $427,317.46. Proposed operations.-Considerable difficulty is experienced by the deeper draft vessels using the upriver channel, that portion known as Long Reach having shoaled and narrowed to a considerable extent. This reach is also difficult of navigation on account of the direction of the tidal currents. Minor shoals have been found in the upper reaches of the channel and the basin at the head of naviga- tion is deficient in depth. Unexpended funds will not suffice to do all of the necessary work. It is accordingly proposed to apply them, together with the funds which may be made available during the fiscal year 1925, to the restoration of the channel above Allyns Point, as follows: Dredging 110,000 cubic yards, at 40 cents---------------------$44, 000 Administration, inspection, and contingencies -------------------- 4, 782 Total ---------------------------------------------- 48, 782 Balance unexpended June 30, 1923-------------------------- 1, 782 Amount required for fiscal year ending June 30, 1925--------------47, 000 This amount is in excess of the average expended for maintenance during the past five years for the reason that no wor has been done at the localities in question since prior to 1917, and in the rest of the river but once since that date. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were coal, petroleum products, wood and paper prod- ucts, and general package freight carried in steamers, schooners, and barges drawing from 9 to .18 feet. Above Allyns Point, 12 to 13 feet is the usual draft, and below Allyns Point, 14 to 16 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar years. Tons. Value. Calendar years. Tons. Value. 1918 ......... ... 265, 076 $11, 889, 876 1921 ...... ............ 218, 713 $18,107, 034 1919........... ..... .. 144, 673 9, 382, 575 1922...................... 295, 955 17, 680, 726 1920...... ....... 249, 205 14, 589, 877 RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. 101 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing rece'pts from sales, etc., amounting to $863.39: New work---------------- ----------------------- $446, 514. 14 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 138, 103. 32 Net total expended --------------------------------- 584, 617. 46 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 586, 400. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............... ................. Expended for maintenance 1..... $222. 32 $105. 64 $739. 42 $32, 581. 30 $143. 87 Appropriated or allotted........ ............ 22 000.00 ....... ........ .................. I Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---------- ------------ $1, 926. 41 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance- 143. 87 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------------- ----------- 1, 782. 54 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ---------------------------- 18. 85 July 1, 1923, balance available 763. 69 1----------------------- Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June .-..------------------------ 30, 1925, for maintenance--- ---- 147, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP C. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,859.79: New work_ --------------------------------------- $1, 522, 910. 45 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 175, 174. 00 Net total expended- ----------------------- 698, 084. 45 1,1----- Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 1, 733, 813. 83 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ ............. $74,745. 11 $80,886.06 $1, 920.65... Expended for maintenance 1... $1, 827.34 5, 674. 46 1, 659.22 33, 980. 04 $1, 571.86 Total expended 1. ........ 1, 827. 34 80, 419.57 82, 545.28 35, 900.69 1,571.86 Appropriated or allotted......... 25, 000.00 22,000.00 ........................... 33,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ---------------------------- $4, 301. 24 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved March 2, 1923__ --------------------------- 33, 000. 00 37, 301. 24 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance-------------------------------------------------1, 571. 86 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------- ------- 35, 729. 38 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities---------------------------- 29. 16 July 1, 1923, balance available ---------------------------- 35, 700. 22 1Exclusive of available funds. 102 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -- --- ------- ------------------ 1$181, 700. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance ..--------------------------- 47, 000. 00 CONNECTICUT RIVER ABOVE AND BELOW HARTFORD, CONN. (GROUP D). 17. CONNECTICUT RIVER ABOVE HARTFORD, CONN. (D1.) Location and description.-This river has its source in Connecticut Lake, in northern New Hampshire, flows southerly 375 miles, and empties into Long Island Sound at Saybrook, Conn., 14 miles west of New London. Hartford, now the head of commercial navigation, is 51.9 miles by channel from the mouth. A dam at Holyoke, 34 miles above Hartford, completely interrupts navigation. The drain- age area is about 11,000 square miles, and the average discharge in second-feet: At Holyoke, low water, 2,600; high water, 71,000. At Hartford, low water, 5,000; 20-foot freshet, 101,000. On low stages tidal fluctuation extends a short distance above Hartford, with a mean rise and fall at Saybrook of 3.4 feet, and at Hartford, 1.2 feet. The average fall per mile is: Holyoke to Hartford, 1.2 feet; Hart- ford to mouth, 0.053 foot. The width at the mouth is about 3,000 feet; at Hartford, 1,000 feet; at Holyoke, 900 feet. (See U. S. Geological Survey map of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Con- necticut.) Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth was about 2 feet for 101 miles from Hartford to the foot of Enfield Rapids, 5 miles long, where navigation was interrupted; thence 18 miles to Holyoke the available depth was about 5 feet. About 100 years ago commercial navigation extended to Wells River, Vt., 250 miles above the mouth, by means of locks and canals around the various rapids. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-No comprehensive project has been adopted. Improvement was authorized by the river and harbor act of July 11, 1870, and was prosecuted by the construction of wing dams, and, on one occasion, by dredging, under plans described in the Annual Reports of the Chief of Engineers for 1871, page 761, and 1881, page 565. The section of the river under consideration extends from Hart- ford, 51.9 miles above the mouth, to Holyoke, a-distance of about 34 miles. The mean tidal fluctuation on low stages is 1.2 feet at Hart- ford, diminishing to zero near Bissels Ferry, about 7 miles upstream. The usual rise at Hartford, due to spring freshets, is between 16 and 24 feet above mean low water and at Springfield 10 to 15 feet above mean low water. The maximum recorded freshet at Hartford (May, 1854) was 27.8 feet above mean low water and at Springfield about 25 feet above the ordinary summer stage of that year. Occasional freshets of short duration may occur during the remainder of the year. There are no approved estimates of cost for new work or for Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I. DISTRICT. 103 annual maintenance. (For map see H. Doc. No. 417, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions for local cooperation have been prescribed by law. About 1830 a dam 1,500 feet long and canal 5.3 miles long, with 4 locks, were built at Enfield Rapids by the Con- necticut River Co., at a cost reported as about $1,000,000. The canal is maintained by that company primarily for power uses. The locks are about 19.5 by 88 feet, with 3-foot depth at lower-lock sill at low water. During 1909 and 1914 bars between Hartford and Windsor Locks were dredged by the Springfield Navigation Co. to provide a channel about 3 feet deep and 35 feet wide, at a cost of $5,100. Be- tween 1891 and 1914 the Commonwealth of Massachusetts con- structed about 5,050 linear feet of shore-protective works at West Springfield and Agawam, at a cost of $23,499.13. Terminal facilities.-In the absence of commercial navigation, ter- minal facilities are limited to a few small landings for excursion steamers in the pool above Enfield Dam. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-No permanent benefit has resulted from the work so far done by the United States, and none is to be antici- pated until a comprehensive project is adopted. Operations and results during the fiscdZ year.-There were no operations. Expenditures for administration amounted to $136.85, applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Several wing dams were con- structed prior to 1886 and some dredging was done in 1873. One of these wing dams became an obstruction to navigation and was removed in 1914. Two obstructive shoals at Springfield have been removed. The controlling depth is about 21 feet at low water in' the section below Enfield Rapids. The expenditures, including sur- veys for a comprehensive project, have been $116,324.81 for new work and $12,610.83 for maintenance, a total of $128,935.64. Proposed operations.-Pendingthe adoption of a project for im- provement, it is proposed to apply the unexpended balance to expenditures for administration and inspection and to the removal of obstructions, that may form in the channel. No additional funds are therefore required for the fiscal year 1925. Commercial statistics.-Navigation is restricted to pleasure boats and to two small passenger steamers operating in the vicinity of Springfield in the pool above the Enfield Dam. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3.50: New work__._--------------- $116, 324. 81 Maintenance-------------------- --------------------- 12, 610. 83 Net total expended--------------------------- 128, 935. 64 Total appropriations to date of this report'--------------------- 129, 324, 81 104 REPORT' OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........................................ 1. . . . . .. . . . . . . . ..............$136.85 Expended for maintenance . . 844.47 $44.47 $402.07 Appropriated or allotted .... .................................................... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended --------------------------- $526. 02 June 30, 1.923, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance __. 136. 85 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended___---------- 17 3------89. 18. CONNECTICUT RIVER BELOW HARTFORD, CONN. (D2.) Location and description.-See description under preceding report. Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth was 7 feet over the bar at Saybrook, thence about 5 feet to Hartford, 51 miles from the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 4, 1836, and a second project, which was modi- fied in 1872, 1881, 1887, and 1889, was adoptedby the river and har- bor act of July 11, 1870. The amount expended prior to operations under the existing projec, in 1911 was $287,374.29 for new work and $366,348.47 for maintenance, a total of $653,722.76. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1754. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 300' feet wide, 15 feet deep at mean low water, and about six-tenths mile long, across the bar at the mouth, and thence 100 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean low water (2 feet on the Hartford gauge) for 51.3 miles to Hartford; the channels to be obtained by dredging and the construc- tion of dikes, training walls, revetments, and accessory works; for two riprap jetties at the mouth of the river, the tops to be 5 feet above high water and 6 feet wide, the easterly one about 2,300 feet and the westerly about 2,250 feet in length; and for a training dike about 3,700 feet long at Hartford. The mean tidal range is 3.4 feet at the mouth and, on low water, 1.2 feet at Hartford. The maximum tidal range at the mouth, due to wind or other causes, is 8 feet or more. For extreme fluctuation of stage at Hartford see this para- graph under preceding report. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1917, is $388,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $15,000 until.the permanent works are completed and $10,000 thereafter. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 10, 1872, provided for the jetties at the mouth (present dimensions approved by the Chief of Engineers December 22, 1887); the act of March 3, 1881, provided for the Hartford Dike (present dimensions authorized by the Chief of Engineers in 1889); the act of February 27, 1911, provided for the present channel dimensions (H. Doc. No. 1294, 61st Cong., 3d sess.) ; and the act of March 2, 1919, made final provision for the dikes, training walls, revetments, and accessory works (H. Doc. No. 132, 65th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1913, page 1602, and the last-mentioned document. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. 105 Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-No conditions for local cooperation were pre- scribed by law at the time of the adoption of the project. On various occasions between 1884 and 1904 when funds for maintenance were lacking or insufficient, channels through the various bars, sufficient to pass a regular line of steamboats, were maintained by dredging by the Hartford & New York Transportation Co., at a cost of $28,- 384.18. Previous to 1868 dredging and regulation work were done by private and municipal interests, at a cost in excess of $93,000. Terminal facilities.-There are two or three wharves of the bulk- head type at each of the river towns, one or more in each town being open to public use. At Hartford and at Middletown thee is ap- proximately one-half mile of wharf frontage along the west bank of the river. The towns of Saybrook and Cromwell and the city of Middletown each own or lease wharf property. Rail qonnection and transfer facilities are available at Saybrook, Middletown, Portland, and Hartford. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work done has afforded the city of Hartford and other river ports the advantage of water transporta- tion and has effected a reduction in the water rates on bulk com- modities. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The channels through the river bars were kept open for navigation by contract dredging. The total length of channel thus dredged was about 16,280 feet, The width varying from 25 to 75 feet, and a total of 68,237 cubic yards was removed. The expenditure for dredging amounted to $16,588.46 all applied to maintenance. The revetment of Crow Point Reach was continued with day labor. The upper bank was graded and revetted for a distance of 3,200 feet. The expenditure for this work was $22,219.87, chargeable to new work. Repairs were made to the revetments at Press Barn and Crow Point. The expenditure for this work was $2,640.69 applied to maintenance. The total expendi- tures, including administration and inspection, were $22,219.87 for new work and $20,211.52 for maintenance, a total of $42,431.39. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The existing project is about 66 per cent completed. The Saybrook jetties, training walls at Hart- ford, Clay Banks, and Sears Shoal, and the spur dikes at Press Barn were completed in 1915. The channel from the mouth to Hart- ford was completed in 1914. The Cys Hollow and Press Barn Reaches and about 90 per cent of the Crow Point Reach have been revetted. The jetties, training walls, dikes, and revetment are in fair condi- tion, except that the east jetty at Saybrook needs extensive repairs; minor repairs are needed to the west jetty and to some of the other structures named above. The channel dimensions are somewhat diminished. The control- ling depths at mean low water are 15 feet across the bar at the mouth; thence about 10J feet to Hartford. To complete the proj- ect requires the completion of the Crow Point revetment and the construction of additional permanent works. The expenditures have 106 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. been $257,468.32 for new work and $264,927.55 for maintenance, a total of $522,395.87. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds in accordance with the following: Dredging river bars (in progress) 80,000 cubic yards, at 19.5 cents-------------------------- --------------- $15, 600 Minor repairs to existing permanent works--------_--------- 3, 500 Administration, inspection, and contingencies--------------- 2, 392 Dredging river bars (1924), 80,000 cubic yards, at 22.5 cents _ 18, 000 Administration, inspection, and contingencies--------------- 2, 000 %t Total for maintenance--- Revetment -------------------------- lower end of Crow Point Reach, 1,300 tons at $3__ Revetment at upper ends of Clay Banks Reach, 1,600 linear 3, 900 $41, 492 feet, at $9---------------------------------------- 14, 400 Spur dikes, west side of river, Clay Banks Reach---------- 4, 400 Administration, inspection, and contingencies---------------2, 300 Total for new work ---------------------------------- 25, 000 Total for new work and maintenance ---------------- 66, 492 Maintenance dredging on the river bars is now in progress and will be completed about October 31, 1923. Repairs will be made to the various permanent works as plant is available during the present season. Annual maintenance dredging will be begun after the spring freshets of 1924 and funds used at the rate of about $4,000 per month. It is proposed to continue operations on the permanent works at Crow Point and Clay Banks Reaches during the present low water season, using hired labor and plant, and expending funds at the rate of about $6,000 per month. Annual maintenance dredging on the various bars is necessary for the accommodation of the river traffic. Funds should be on hand so that the work can be commenced promptly on the subsidence of the spring freshets of 1925. Permanent works already constructed have stabilized the location of the bar channels in their vicinity and have tended to decrease the amount of maintenance dredging. Further works should be constructed at approved localities in order to further improve the conditions of navigation and facilitate the annual maintenance of the bar channels. The proper location for such works and their nature can be better determined with a knowl- edge of conditions existing at the time funds are made available. For the above works, funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925 as follows: Dredging 80,000 cubic yards, at 221 cents------------------------ $18, 000 Administration, inspection, and contingencies---------------------- 2, 000 Total for maintenance---------------------------------- 20, 000 Additional dikes, training walls, and revetments, including administra- tion and engineering, for new work-------------------------- 25, 000 Total-----------------------------------------------45, 000 Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were coal, petroleum products, and general merchan- dise carried in barges, steamers, and schooners drawing from 8 to 12 feet. Decrease in tonnage was due to a decrease in tonnage of coal.. RIVERS AND HARBORS--PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. 107 Comparative statement. Passen- Calendar I Short gers. year. tons. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,137.05: New work ----------------------------------------- $544, 842.61 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 631, 276. 02 Net, total expended 176, 118. 63 1------------------------------ Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------1, 242, 610. 69 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ $5,506.95 $12 289. 79 $29,820.25 $27,763.34 $22, 219. 87 Expended for maintenance 1..... 9,899. 46 16,299. 71 69778.61 23, 179.08 20, 211.62 Total expended 1. ......... 15, 406. 41 28, 589. 50 99, 598. 86 50, 942. 42 42, 431.'39 Appropriated or allotted........ 105, 000.00 40,000.00 .............. 60,000.00 45,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended___ $63, 923. 45 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved March 2, 1923___----- ---- 45, 000. 00 108, 923. 45 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work_- $22, 219. 87 For maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . ... . 20, 211. 52 42, 431. 39 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended- -- -_----_------------- 66, 492. 06 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ------------ $1, 691. 19 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts- 12, 048. 27 13, 739. 46 July 1, 1923, balance available ----------------------------- 52, 752. 60 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ----------------------------------- 1105, 500.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work------------ ----------------------- 125, 000. 00 For maintenance---- ------ 120, 000. 00 Total--- -------------------------------- 145, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP D. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,140.55: New work__ -------- $661, 167. 42 AS} Q01, OX Mlantenance----------- ----------------------------------- , . Net total expended -------------------- 305, 054. 27 1,1_____----- Total appropriations to date of this report- -------------- 1, 371, 935. 50 1 Exclusive of available funds. 108 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1.. .. $5, 506.95 $12, 289. 79 $29, 820. 25 $27, 763.34 $22, 219. 87 Expended for maintenance 1..... 9, 899. 46 16, 344. 18 69, 823. 38 23, 581. 15 20, 348. 37 Total expended 1 ........ 15, 406. 41 28, 633.97 99, 643.63 51, 344. 49 42, 568. 24 Appropriated or allotted......... 105, 000. 00 40, 000. 00 .............. 60, 000. 00 45, 000. 00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---------------------------- $64, 449. 47 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923---------------- ----------------- -------- 45, 000. 00 109, 449. 47 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work ------------------------------ $22, 219. 87 For maintenance---------------------------- 20, 348. 37 42, 568. 24 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended__---------------------------- 66, 881. 23 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------------------1, 691. 19 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts-- 12, 048. 27 13, 739. 46 July 1, 1923, balance available ----------------------------- 53, 141. 77 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work------------------ --------------------- 25, 000.00 For maintenance---- ------------------------------ 220, 000 00 Total------------------------------------- ' 45, 000. 00 DUCK ISLAND, BRANFORD, NEW HAVEN, MILFORD, BRIDGEPORT, SOUTHPORT, NORWALK, FIVE MILE RIVER, STAMFORD, AND GREENWICH HARBORS, WESTPORT HARBOR AND SAUGATUCK RIVER, BREAKWATERS AT NEW HAVEN, AND HOUSATONIC RIVER, CONN. (GROUP E.) 19. DUCK ISLAND HARBOR, CONN. (El.) Location and description.-Duck Island Harbor is a small bay, about 2 miles long and extending 1 mile inland, lying between Menun- ketesuck and Kelsey Points, on the north shore of Long Island Sound, approximately midway between New London and New Haven Harbors, and about 23 miles distant from each. Duck Island is in the outer and southeasterly part of the bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-The harbor afforded practically no shelter from the east around through the south to the west, but afforded good protection from all northerly winds. The usable low-water depth for anchorage was about 16 feet over a considerable portion of the bay. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890. The amount expended prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1910 was $114,867.90 for new work and $5,334.10 for maintenance, a total of $120,202. For 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. 109 further details of previous project, see Annual Report for 1915, page 1755. Existing project.-This provides for the construction of three rip- rap breakwaters, viz, one extending northwardly from Duck Island 1,100 feet; one extending westwardly from Duck Island 2,697 feet; and one extending southwardly from Stone Island, just south of Kelsey Point, 3,750 feet-each breakwater to be 8 feet wide on top, 9 feet high above mean low water, with side slopes of 2 on 3, except on the northerly side of the one extending westerly from Duck Island and the westerly side of the one extending northwardly from Duck Island, where the slopes are to be 1 on 1; and for dredging to a depth of 16 feet at mean low water a portion of the protected area back of the breakwaters at Duck Island. The mean tidal range is 4.2 feet and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 9 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1916, is $370,000, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1916) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,500, to be appropriated in sums of $25,000 at intervals of five years, with $5,000 additional every ten years. The existing project was authorized by the following river and. harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the breakwaters (H. Doc. No. 398, 60th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of July 27, 1916, provided for the dredging (H. Doc. No. 812, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). For map, see the last-mentioned document. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-This harbor is entirely a harbor of refuge. There are no commercial wharves. Effect of improvement.-The improvement affords shelter for the passing commerce of Long Island Sound, adding materially to the safety thereof, it being the only suitable harbor of refuge in a reach of 46 miles. A total of 1,600 vessels used the harbor as a refuge during the calendar year 1922. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. Expenditures were for administration and contingencies, amounting to $67.63 applied to maintenance, and $14,795.06 applied to new work, same being payment to J. S. Packard Dredging Co. on account of increased cost under contract of October 5, 1916, for dredging. This payment was made under the provisions of the deficiency act approved July 1, 1922. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1917, the breakwaters having been completed in 1914. The breakwaters are in fair condition. The controlling depth in the cen- tral part of the protected area behind the breakwater is about 12 feet at mean low water. The expenditures under the existing project have been $367,297.91 for new work and $7,103.60 for maintenance, a total of $374,401.51. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds to maintenance dredginrg in the anchorage area, in accordance with the following estimate: Dredging 208,006 cubic yards of mud, at 16 cents---------------$33, 280 Administration, inspection, and contingencies_--------------------3, 127 Total for maintenance______ _--------------------36, 407 110 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. This work is now under contract. It is expected that operations will be commenced early in August and completed in about four months. No additional funds are required as the completion of the above work will restore the anchorage to a usable condition and the breakwaters are in fair repair. Commercial statistics.-There is no local commerce, the harbor be- ing entirely a harbor of refuge. The number of vessels reported as having sought refuge in the harbor is as follows: Calendar year-- 1915------------------------------------ 693 1916-------------------------------- 808 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, and 1921-------------------------No record. 1922 ---------------------------------- 1, 600 The vessels using this harbor are principally schooners, tugs with tows, and yachts. The drafts vary from 8 to 15 feet. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,234.16: New work ----------------------------------------- $482, 165. 81 Maintenance --------------------------------------- 12, 437. 70 Net total expended -------------------------------- 494, 603. 51 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 531, 010. 58 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1..$..14. .............. .............. .......... 795.06 Expended for maintenance 1..... $283.27 $5. 34 .............. 31856 67.63 Total expended 1.......... 283.27 5.34............. 318.56 14,862.69 Appropriated or allotted....... ..................... ... . ............ ............ 49,795.06 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------------------------- $1, 474. 70 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923------------------------------- ---------- 35, 000. 00 Amount allotted from deficiency act approved July 1, 1922--------- 14, 795. 06 51, 269. 76 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work---------------------- ------- $14, 795. 06 For maintenance---------------------------- 67. 63 14, 862. 69 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------------------------- 36, 407. 07 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------------- -------------- 9. 60 July 1, 1923, balance available----------------- ------------ 36, 397. 47 20. BRANFORD HARBOR, CONN. (E2.) Location and description.-This harbor is on the north shore of Long Island Sound, 5 miles east of New Haven Harbor. It includes an outer harbor about 1 mile broad, an inner harbor one-half mile in diameter, and the lower 1 miles of the Branford River, the latter being tidal, narrow, and crooked. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. 111 Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depths were about 7 feet in the outer and inner harbors, 12 feet in the river to near the lower wharves, and thence less than 6 feet by a very nar- row channel to the upper wharves at the head of navigation, about 3 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 81 feet deep and 100 feet wide through the shoals at the mouth of the harbor, about one-half mile, and of the same depth, width, and length between the lower and upper wharves in the river. The plane of reference is mean low water. The mean tidal range is 51 feet, and the maximum range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 10 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1905, is $10,000. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,600. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for dredging be- tween the lower and upper wharves in the river (H. Doc. No. 100, 56th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1901, p. 1188); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the dredging at the mouth of the harbor. For map see House Document No. 1292, Sixty-fourth Con- gress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--None prescribed by law. The upper part of the river at the head of the improved channel and some of the bends in the lower river have been enlarged by the Malleable Iron Fittings Co. by dredging about 56,000 cubic yards of material at a cost of over $12,000. Terminal facilities.-Terminal facilities are limited to two bulk- head and pile wharves near the head of the harbor. These are open at times to public use. There is no publicly owned terminal. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has afforded the town and factories of Branford increased facilities for the water trans- portation of bulk commodities, and it is believed that it has effected a decrease in the rates for such transportation. Operations and results duiing fiscal year.-Contract dredging for maintenance restored the channel through the inner harbor to project dimensions. Expenditures, including administration and inspection, amounted to $7,000, applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1907. The controlling depths at mean low water, as determined in 1922, are 8J feet in the outer and inner harbors and thence through the river nearly 8 feet to the head of the improved channel. The ex- penditures have been $9,537.45 for new work and $15,679.08 for main- tenance, a total of $25,216.53. Proposed operations.-None. Operations during the year placed the improvement in good condition. No additional funds are re- quired at this time. Commercial statistics.-The items of freight for the calendar year were coal, iron, and sand, carried on scows and in barges drawing 61637--ENG 1923- 8 112 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. from 6 to 10i feet. There was a genera] increase in tonnage of all items amounting in the aggregate to 41 per cent over the previous year. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918................. . 30,587 $261,957 1921...... ............ 17,605 $140,361 1919..................... 21, 215 143, 199 1922.....................24,664 272,717 1920...... ............. 34,129 529,484 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3.50: New ,work-- --------------- ------------------------ $9, 537. 45 Maintenance 679. 08 1------------------------- Net total expended-----------------------------------25, 216. 53 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------25, 216. 53 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work..._ _............................................. Expended for maintenance 1..... .............. .. ............ ....................... $7,000.00 Appropriated or allotted........ .......... ... __........ ..... ................ 7,000.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922--- ----------------------------------- $7, 000. 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance- 7, 000. 00 21. NEW HAVEN HARBOR, CONN. (E3.) Location and description.-On the north shore of Long Island Sound, about 71 miles to the east of New York City. The harbor consists of a bay about 4 miles long and from 1 to 4 miles wide and the tidal navigable portions of West River entering the westerly side of the bay and the Mill and Quinnipiac Rivers entering its northeast corner through a common mouth. The width of the lower harbor from Morgans Point to Oyster River Point is 4 miles, and its natural depths available for anchorage are from 20 to 28 feet at mean low water. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 52.) Originalcondition.-The minimum usable low-water depth in the harbor proper was 9 feet from the wharves to Cranes Bar, one-third of the way down the harbor, and 13 feet on the bar below Fort Hale; in Quinnipiac River, about 4 feet; in Mill River, west branch about 5 feet, east branch nearly bare at low tide; and in West River, less than 3 feet. The heads of navigation for small unmasted craft in the Quinnipiac, Mill, and West Rivers were, respectively, about 8, 2J, and 2 miles above the mouths. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 30, 1852, and modified by the river and RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. 113 harbor act of June 10, 1872. A second project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871, and modified by the acts of 1875, 1878, 1879, 1882, and 1884. The original project for West River (consolidated with the main harbor by the act of March 2,1907) was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905. The amount expended in the main harbor prior to the adoption of .the 1899 project and in West River prior to its consolidation with the main harbor was $331,625.66 for new work and $32,570 for main- tenance, a total of $364,195.66. For further details of prpvious projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1755. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 20 feet deep, 400 feet wide, and 3 miles long from Long Island Sound to the inner end of the 20-foot anchorage basin; thence of same depth, 700 to 500 feet wide (increased to 1,200 feet at the turn opposite Long Wharf), 1.2 miles to Tomlinsons Bridge; three anchorage basins below Tomlinsons Bridge of 20, 16, and 15 foot depths; a pile and riprap dike, total length about 4,200 feet, to contract the tidal flow at Fort Hale Bar; a channel 12 feet deep and 100 to 150 feet wide, from the southwest corner of the 16-foot anchorage basin via Oyster Point and the West Haven wharf front to Kimberly Avenue Bridge; thence 12 feet deep and prevailing width of 75 feet up West River approximately to the railroad bridge, and an anchorage basin 6 feet deep in West River opposite Mars Wharf; a channel 100 feet wide and 12 feet deep from the 15-foot anchorage basin toward Brewery Street, about 1,500 feet; a channel 200 feet wide and 12 feet deep up Quinnipiac River to Ferry Street, and thence 50 to 100 feet wide and 8 feet deep to Grand Avenue; a channel up Mill River 12 feet deep, 200 feet wide, to the junction of the two branches above Chapel Street, thence 12 feet deep to Grand Avenue, 100 feet wide in the east branch and generally 125 feet wide in the west branch; and the removal of certain obstructive rocks in Morris Cove. All depths refer to mean low water, the mean tidal range being 5.8 feet. The maximum tidal range, due to the combined effect of wind and other causes, is 10 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1913, is $684,200, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $15,000. The.existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 2, 1882, provided for the Sandy Point dike (plans approved by a Board of Engineers October 2, 1882); the act of March 3, 1899, provided for the present depth of the main channel and the dimensions of its lower end and for the 20 and 16 foot anchorage basins (H. Doc. No. 82, 55th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the Brewery Street channel and made final provisions for the present dimensions of the 15-foot basin (H. Doc. No. 1159, 60th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of July 25, 1912, made final provision for the present dimensions of channels in Mill and Quinnipiac Rivers (H. Doc. No. 26, 62d Cong., 1st sess.) and for the present dimensions of the West River channel and anchorage (H. Doc. No. 535, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 4, 1913, provided for the present widths in the upper part of the main chan- nel (H. Doc. No. 1258, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). For map, see House Document No. 497, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. 114 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Local cooperation.-No conditions for local cooperation were pre= scribed by law at the time of the adoption of the project. One municipal wharf, with limited facilities, has been constructed, at a cost of approximately $20,000. The upper portion of the West River channel had been improved by private parties at a cost of about $10;000 before its further improvement was undertaken by the United States. Terminal facilities.-The wharves and piers served by this im- provement are grouped near the head of the main harbor; on both sides of Mill River between Chapel Street and Grand Avenue; on both sides of Quinnipiac River throughout the greater part of its improved portion; at Oyster Point and along the westerly side of West River. The terminals at the head of the harbor are mostly piers, either solid-filled or open, ranging in length up to 2,300 feet and separated by slips. The total frontage occupied approximates nearly a mile. Several of these terminals have direct railroad and transfer facilities and nearly all are open to public use. One, City Wharf, is publicly owned. Throughout Mill, Quinnipiac, and West Rivers the wharves are usually of the bulkhead and apron type. At Oyster Point are several small timber piers used in the oyster in- dustry. The river frontage developed amounts to over three-fourths mile in Mill River, over 1 mile in the Quinnipiac, and about five- eighths mile in West River and at Oyster Point. Some of the West River wharves are open to general public use, but in the other branches nearly all are private and closed to the public. The facili- ties are not considered adequate, and plans are in preparation by the municipality for extensive additions and improvements. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.--The improvement has secured for New Haven the benefit of very low water-freight rates, particularly on bulk commodities. The present commerce of New Haven could not be carried on without the improvements made. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Contractdredging for maintenance restored the 15-foot anchorage to full project dimen- sions. The expenditures, including administration, inspection, and surveys, were $20,020.49, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1915, the dike at Fort Hale Bar having been completed in 1889. The controlling depths at mean low water are: Main channel, 19 feet; anchorage basins, 19, 15, 15, and 4 feet, respectively; West River, 12 feet to the railroad bridge; Mill River, 11.5 feet to Chapel Street, thence 12 feet in West Branch, and 11.5 feet in East Branch to Grand Avenue; Quinnipiac River to Ferry Street, 12 feet, and thence to Grand Avenue, nearly 8 feet; and Brewery Street channel, 12 feet. The dike at Fort Hale Bar is in fair condition. The expenditures under the existing project have been $489,524.94 for new work and $262,952.37 for maintenance, a total of $752,477.31. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the unexpended funds for administration and engineering contingencies, including the revision and marking of harbor lines. RIVERS AND HARBORS5PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. 115 No additional funds are required, as operations during the year have placed the improvement in a condition to meet 'the probable requirements of traffic for one or more years. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were coal, petroleum products, oysters and shells, fertilizers, vegetables and steamboat freight, carried in steamers, schooners, and barges drawing from 8 to 24 feet. The traffic reported shows an increase of 592,238 tons, or 77 per cent over that for 1921, principally in the items of coal, lumber, fertilizers, and steamboat freight. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passen- Calendar Short tons. Value. P n- year. gers. year. gers 1918........ 2,181, 082 $176, 768,543 49, 315 1921........1,122, 073 $95,313,323 45,747 1919........ 1,468,284 253,010,816 (1) 1922........1,353,151 111,098,136 47,850 1920........ 1,766, 805 192, 930, 415 1, 218 1 No statistics available. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $576.31: New work----- ---------------------------------- $821,150. 60 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 295, 522. 37 Net total expended_____ ___________-------------------- 1, 116, 672.97 Total appropriations to date of this report _--1__ ______- 1, 119, 940. 92 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............... ............ ..................... .... Expended for maintenance 1..... $2, 124. 58 $22, 615. 14 19, 315. 1 $42, 768. 15 $20, 020. 49 Appropriated or allotted......... 29,000.00 21,000.00 44,000.00 ............... 1,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ------- ----------------- $22, 286. 69 Amount transferred from other works in district---------------. 1,000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 ------------------- 1. 75 23, 288. 44 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance' 20, 020. 49 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--, -------------------------- 267. 95 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities.-------------------------- 4. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available ..----- ------------------ 3, 263. 95 22. BREAKWATERS AT NEW HAVEN, CONN. (E4.) This project was completed in 1915. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year, and there are no funds available. No work is now proposed, as the breakwaters are in good condition. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1919, page 226. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 116 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3,244.31: New work ---------------------------------------- $1, 242, 246.09 Maintenance --------------------------------------- 21, 753. 91 Net total expended-------------------------------1, 264, 000. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------1, 264, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work..... ........ .. ................. .............. Expended for maintenance................... .. .. .......... ............. Appropriated or allotted......... ............................................... 23. MILFORD HARBOR, CONN. (E5.) Location and description.-This harbor is on the north shore of Long Island Sound, about 8 miles west of New Haven Harbor. It consists of an open bay about 1 mile in diameter and the tidal por- tion of the Wepowage River, a small, narrow stream entering the bay at its head and extending inland about 1 mile. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth was less than 2 feet on the bar in the bay, and in parts of the river the channel was nearly bare. The head of navigation was 1 mile from the head of the bay. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 23, 1874, and modified by the river and har- bor acts of June 18, 1878, June 14, 1880, and August 2, 1882. The amount expended prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1902 was $42,340.44 for new work and $3,159.56 for maintenance, a total of $45,500. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1756. Existing project.-This provides for two riprap jetties 510 and 250 feet in length on the east and west sides, respectively, of the en- trance to the river; a channel across the bar and through the lower harbor 100 feet wide and 10 feet deep to Merwins Wharf, a distance of about 3,000 feet; an anchorage basin of same depth, of about 6 acres in area, on the east side of the channel; and a channel 90 feet wide and 6 feet deep through the river from Merwins Wharf to the Straw Works Wharf, a distance of about 3,500 feet. All depths refer to the plane of mean low water. The mean tidal range is 6.2 feet and the extreme range, due to the combined effects of wind and other causes, is 10 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1905, is $25,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1902) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 23, 1874 provided for the east jetty at the mouth of the river (H. Ex. Doc. No. 107, 42d Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Report for 1873, p. 1042); the west jetty at the mouth 'of the RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. 117 river was authorized October 16, 1876 (Annual Report for 1879, p. 342) ; the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the present channel di- mensions and for an anchorage basin (H. Doc. No. 280, 56th Cong., 1st sess., and in Annual Report for 1900, p. 1357). For maps see House Document No. 232, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions for local cooperation were pre- scribed by law at the time of the adoption of the project. Prior to 1896 about 85,000 cubic yards were dredged from the outer bay by oystermen, at a cost of about $15,000. Shore protective works were constructed by the citizens of Milford at the mouth of the harbor prior to 1872 at an unknown cost. A town wharf has been main- tained near the head of navigation for many years. Terminal facilities.-There are two terminals in commercial use on this improvement. One, owned by the town of Milford, a solid- filled pier of timber construction, near the head of navigation, and the other a privately owned group of three timber bulkhead wharves located near the mouth of the harbor. Both terminals are open to public use. Adequate highways approach each terminal, but railroad connections are lacking. The unloading facilities are inefficient. Enlarged and improved facilities are desirable. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has afforded the town of Milford the benefits of water transportation for bulk commodities and has effected a reduction in the water rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Contract dredging for maintenance restored the channels to project dimensions up to 100 feet north of town wharf and secured depths of 6 feet below mean low water in the anchorage area west of the channel. Expenditures, including administration and inspection, amounted to $12,344.02, all applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The existing project is 90 per cent completed. The jetties were completed in 1880 and the entrance channel in 1905. The channel through the river has been dredged to a point 500 feet above the town wharf, and 2- acres of the anchorage area on the east side of the channel has been dredged 10 feet deep; further extension of the new channel and anchorage at reasonable cost was prevented by ledge rock; to compensate for the lack of anchorage area on the east side, a basin 1.6 acres in area has been dredged on the west side. The head of navigation is 1 mile from the head of the bay. The jetties are in fair condition. The controlling depths at mean low water, as determined in 1923, are 10 feet to Mer- wins Wharf, thence nearly 7 feet to a point 100 feet north of the town wharf, thence to the head of the channel not over 3 feet. The average depth in the east and west basins is about 7 feet and 61 feet, respec- tively. To complete the project requires the dredging of about 1.9 acres additional anchorage area and the extension of the 6-foot channel about 560 feet. The expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $23,617.33 for new work and $12.938.60 for maintenance, a total of $36,555.93. Proposed operations.-Practicallyall of the unexpended funds will be applied to the payment of outstanding liabilities on account of dredging operations recently completef. No additional funds will 118 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. be required, as the operations during the year have placed the im- provement in condition to meet the demands of traffic for several years. Commercial statistics.-The items of freight for the calendar year were oysters, stone, coal, and lumber, carried by steamers, schooners and barges, and motor boats drawing from 4 to 12 feet. Increase in tonnage is due to the oyster business and the receipt of stone. The upper harbor, due to the poor condition of the project, was very little used. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918..................... 10,827 $108,275 1921..................... 6,384 $103,705 1919...................... 8,606 73, 971 1922..................... 11, 516 222,468 1920........ ............ 1,286 15, 018 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work-- --------------------------------------- $65, 957. 77 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 16, 098. 16 Net total expended--------- ------------------------ 82, 055.93 Total appropriations to date of this report---- --------- __---87, 800. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work..... .............................................. Expended for maintenance..... ............... ..... .. .......... $158. 58 $12,344.02 Appropriated or allotted......... ............................... 9, 000. 00 1, 300.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-----------$16, 788. 09 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922------------------- ----- 1, 300. 00 18, 088. 09 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance- 12, 344. 02 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------------------- 5, 744. 07 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities --------------------------- 5, 064. 89 July 1, 1923, balance available_ ----------------------- 679. 18 24. HOUSATONIC RIVER, CONN. (E6.) Location and description.-This river rises in northwestern Massa- chusetts, flows southerly 130 miles through Massachusetts and Con- neticut, and empties into Long Island Sound at Stratford, 5 miles east of Bridgeport Harbor. Its drainage area is about 1,930 square miles. The tidal section extends from the mouth 13 miles to Derby and Shelton, and 1.1 miles upstream is a power dam with a canal and locks by which craft of less than 3-foot draft may pass above the dam. At Derby the low-water discharge is about 600 second-feet; RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRIOT. 119 the high-water flow is not known. Average freshets reach a height of 12 feet, are of short duration, and occur mainly in the spring. The river is usually closed by ice for the greater part of January, Febru- ary, and March. The low-water slope per mile from Shelton to the mouth is 0.14 foot; the width at the mouth is about 1,200 feet; and at Shelton 400 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 52.) Original condition.-The original usable low-water depth on the bar at the mouth and in the river was about 3 feet; the channel was narrow and crooked. The head of navigation was and is at Otter Rock, 3 miles above the dam at Shelton and 17 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep at mean low water, 200 feet wide, and one-half mile long across the outer bar, and thence 100 feet wide to Derby and Shelton, about 13 miles; a riprap breakwater at the mouth, consisting of an inner arm 3,250 feet long, 3 feet high above mean low water, top width 6 feet, side slopes 1 on 1, and an outer arm 2,500 feet long, 6 feet high above mean high water, top width 12 feet, outer slope I on 2, inner slope 1 on 1; a riprap dike in the river below Stratford not to exceed 1,500 feet in length; and a riprap jetty 163 feet long at Sow and Pigs Rocks. The mean tidal range, exclusive of the winter season and freshets, is 6.4 feet at the mouth, 5.4 feet at Stratford, and 5.1 feet at Shelton; the extreme range due to combined effect of wind and other causes is about 11 feet at the mouth, diminishing toward the head. The spring freshets occasionally rise to a height of 18 feet or more above summer low water, but only average about 12 feet above that datum. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1888, is $275,500. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $6,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1871, provided for a jetty at Sow and Pigs Reef and a channel of present dimensions across the outer bar (H. Doc. No. 95, 41st Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Report for 1871, p. 781); the act of August 11, 1888, provided for the break- water at the mouth and the present dimensions of the river channel (S. Doc. No. 103, 50th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1888, p. 554). The construction of the Stratford Dike, in accordance with the project submitted by the district engineer officer July 15, 1892, was authorized by departmental action. For map see House Docu- ment No. 970, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions for local cooperation were pre- scribed by law at the time of the adoption of the project or its modi- fications. A considerable amount of dredging has been done by private parties at the outer bar to obtain material for oyster beds, the cost and exact extent of which are not known. Terminal facilities.-There are four wharves in commercial use at Stratford, one at Devon, and seven at Shelton and Derby. The usual types are longitudinal timber or masonry bulkheads, and short 120 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. filled piers with vessel berths at the ends parallel with the stream. Adequate highways lead to practically all of the wharves, and one wharf at Stratford and one at Devon have railroad transfer facili- ties. There are no publicly owned terminals on the river. Of the private wharves, one at Stratford, two at Derby, and two at Shel- ton are open to public use. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has afforded the towns of Stratford, Derby, and Shelton the advantage of water transporta- tion of bulk freight, and has had the effect of materially reducing the water rates to these points. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. Expenditures were for administration and engineering, and amounted to $598.55 applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 95 per cent completed. The channels were completed in 1893. The breakwater at the mouth is completed, except that the outer arm has a top width of 8 feet and outer slope of 1 on 11 instead of the re- spective project dimensions; the Stratford Dike is 1,255 feet long, and the jetty at Sow and Pigs Rocks is completed. The breakwater, dike, and jetty are in good condition. The channels in the upper reaches have narrowed and shoaled somewhat. The controlling depth at mean low water in the lower half of the river is about 7 feet, thence up to Shelton about 6 feet. To com- plete the project requires the enlargement of the outer arm of the breakwater, to provide a top width of 12 feet and an outer slope of 1 on 2, which is not required for permanence, and the extension of the Stratford Dike not more than 245 feet. The expenditures have been $234,364.92 for new work and $133,381.84 for maintenance, a total of $367,746.76. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds to the maintenance of the river channels, as follows: Dredging 28,000 cubic yards, at 28 cents --------------------- $7, 840 Administration, inspection, and contingenices ___________-____-___ 863 Total ------------------------------------- ------ 8, 703 Since dredging done during the summer of 1920 the river channels have shoaled, principally in the upper river, to somewhat less than project depth, and full project width it not available. It is ex- pected that dredging will be required after the spring freshet in 1924. If necessary, it is proposed to commence work as soon as possible after the above-named event, and to complete the dredging in about two months from date of beginning. No additional funds for the fiscal year 1925 are required at this time. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were coal and petroleum products carried in steamers and barges drawing from 8 to 11 feet. Increase in tonnage is mainly due to increased receipts of coal. Barges drawing from 8 feet to 9 feet are taken through to the head of navigation, while those drawing 9 to 11 feet are taken as far as Stratford, 10 miles below the head. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. 121 Comparative statement. Calendar year. Tons. Value. Calendar year. Tons. Value. ... 1918......................... 1919...................... 330,670 $3,358,191 1921 .................. 208,879 3,520,132 1922.................. 140,526 205,903 $4,357, 445 4,482,745 1920....................... 252,446 4, 850, 999 Financial sunmary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,142.26: New work ---------------------------------------------- $234, 364. 92 Maintenance ___________ ___ -- 133, 381. 84 Net total expended ------------------------------------- 367, 746. 76 Total appropriations to date of this report _____- ___------- 376, 450. 00 Fisca lyear ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............ ..................................... Expended for maintenance 1.... $8,399.45 $175. 51 $12, 401. 62 $78.24 $598. 55 Appropriated or allotted........ 16,000.00 .............. 6,000.0.00 ....... ... ......... ... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended __---------_______ $9, 301. 79 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance__ 598. 55 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended _____ -____-------- 8, 703. 24 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existngproject existing ______ _____ _ 41, 150. 00 pojec--------------------------------------------1,15.0 25. BRIDGEPORT HARBOR, CONN. (E7.) Location and description.-This harbor is on the north shore of Long Island Sound, about 57 miles east of New York City. It consists of an outer main harbor about 3,500 feet long and 4,000 feet wide; an inner harbor about 1 mile long and 1,500 feet wide, de- creasing in width to 500 feet at the head; the tidal and navigable portions of Poquonock River, 1 miles long; Yellow Mill Pond, two- thirds of a mile long, entering from the north; Johnsons River, three-fourths of a mile long, entering from the east; Black Rock Harbor, about one-half mile wide and 1 mile long, lying 21 miles west of the main harbor; and Cedar and Burr Creeks, 11 and one- half mile long, respectively, entering Black Rock Harbor from the north. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depths were: On the bar at the mouth of Bridgeport Harbor, about 5 feet; in the Poquonock River, from 2 to 5 feet; in Johnsons River, nearly bare in upper half; in Yellow Mill Pond, generally bare; in Black Rock Harbor, 12 to 6 feet; in Cedar Creek, 2 to 4 feet; and in Burr Creek, nearly bare. The head of navigation in Poquonock River, Yellow Mill Pond, Johnsons River, Burr and Cedar Creeks 1 Exclusive of available funds. 122 REPORT' OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. was, respectively, about 1J, two-thirds, three-fourths, one-half, and 1 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project for the main harbor was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 4, 1836. A second proj- ect was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871, and modified in 1875, 1878, 1882, 1888, 1892, 1894, and 1896. The original project for Black Rock Harbor, which prior to the adoption of the existing project was considered as separate from the main harbor, was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 4, 1836. A second project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 5, 1884. The amount expended prior to operations in 1900 under the project adopted in 1899 was as follows: New work. Mainte- nance. Total. Bridgeport Harbor... .................... $........ 311, 899. 53 $5, 948.97 $317, 848. 50 Black Rock Harbor........................................ . 66, 550.00 6, 000.00 72, 550.00 Total ...... ................................. 378, 449. 53 11, 948. 97 390, 398. 50 For further details of previous projects, see Annual Report for 1915, page 1756. Existing project.-This provides for: (1) Two riprap breakwaters, one about 3,190 feet long on the easterly side and one 2,110 feet long on the westerly side of the entrance to the main harbor. (2) The construction and maintenance of shore protection on Fayerweather Island, including a sea wall connecting the northerly and southerly portions of the island. (3) Main channel 22 feet deep and 300 feet wide from Long Island Sound to the inner end of the 22-foot anchorage basin, thence 18 feet deep and 200 to 345 feet wide to Stratford Avenue Bridge across the Poquonock River. (4) Three anchorage basins: One 22 feet deep and 29.4 acres in area, oppo- site the inner breakwater; one 18 feet deep and 30.6 acres in area, adjoining the main channel on the east above the inner breakwater; and one 12 feet deep, in two areas, aggregating 28.4 acres, to the east of the 18-foot anchorage. (5) Poquonock River Channel, from the lower bridge to Black's coal wharf, nearly 1 mile, 18 feet deep and from 100 to 230 feet wide, thence for 750 feet farther to head of navigation 12 feet deep and 100 feet wide. (6) Yellow Mill Channel, 12 feet deep and 100 feet wide from the 12-foot anchorage to a point 250 feet from the head of Yellow Mill Pond, at Crescent Avenue, about 0.9 mile. (7) Johnsons River Channel, from the 22-foot anchorage to the first bend at the entrance to the river, about one-third mile, 12 feet deep and from 125 to 175 feet wide; thence 9 feet deep and 175 to 100 feet wide, 0.7 mile, to a point 350 feet below the dam at the head of navigation. (8) Black Rock and Cedar Creek Channel, from the 12-foot curve in Black Rock Harbor to the point of bifurcation in Cedar Creek, nearly 2 miles, 12 feet deep and from 150 to 200 feet wide; thence 100 feet wide to the head of navi- gation in both branches, each about one-fourth mile. (9) Burr Creek Channel from its junction with Cedar Creek Channel to the head of navigation, about one-half mile, 7 feet deep and from 100 to 75 feet wide. All depths refer to mean low water, the mean tidal range being 6.4 feet. The extreme tidal range, due to wind and other causes, is 11 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, is $765,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. 123 The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 4, 1836, provided for the Fayerweather Island sea wall; the act of March, 3, 1899, provided for the shore protection at Fayerweather Island and for the present dimensions of the upper end of the Poquonock River Channel (Annual Report for 1899, p. 1173); the act of- March 2, 1907, provided for the west breakwater, the present dimensions of the east breakwater, the 22- foot channel, and the 22-foot anchorage (H. Docs. Nos. 275 and 521, 59th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the 18-foot channel in the Poquonock River to Black's coal wharf (H. Doc. No. 751, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of March 2, 1919, provided finally for the present dimensions of the 18 and 12 foot anchorage basins and of the 18-foot channel in the main harbor, and of the channels in Yellow Mill Pond, Johnsons River, Black Rock Harbor, Cedar Creek, and Burr Creek (H. Doc. No. 898, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned docu- ment. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions for local cooperation were pre- scribed by law at the time of the adoption of the project or its modi- fications. Dredging, totaling quite an extensive amount, has been done by private interests in various portions of the harbor, which has resulted in benefit to general navigation. The cost of this work is not known. Terminal facilities.-This improvement serves an extensive wharf frontage divided approximately as follows: In the main harbor, both sides at the head, about 1 mile; Poquonock River, both sides, 1 mile; Yellow Mill Pond, both sides, not continuous, one-fourth mile; Cedar Creek, nearly 1 mile; Johnsons River, Burr Creek, and Black Rock, a few small, scattered wharves. The general type of wharf in use is a stone or timber bulkhead with pile apron in front. There are but few piers, and those small. The terminal and transfer facilities at the wharves of the larger manufacturing companies are efficient, and except at Johnsons River, Black Rock, and Burr Creek, one or more wharves in each of the above groups have direct railroad connections. The city owns one small wharf in the main harbor and a larger one in the upper Po- quonock. Except in Yellow Mill Pond and Burr Creek two or more wharves in each group are open to public use. While the existing wharves appear to be adequate for the present commerce, increased terminal and transfer facilities are desirable to serve the increased commerce to be expected by a rapidly growing municipality. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement is to afford the city of Bridgeport the advantages of water transportation at greatly reduced rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging under contract restored the 18-foot basin and channel in the main harbor to project dimensions. Expenditures, including adminis- tration and engineering contingencies, amounted to $39,169.90, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 79 per cent completed. The breakwaters were completed in 1908. The 124 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 22-foot channel, the 22-foot basin, the 18-foot channel and basin in the main harbor, the upper and lower portions of the 12-foot basin, the Poquonock River Channel, t1e Burr Creek Channel, and the up- per portions of the Yellow Mill, Johnsons River, and Cedar Creek Channel have been dredged to project dimensions. The lower Yel- low Mill Channel has been dredged to present project dimensions on the old alignment; the Johnsons River Channel up to the turn above the shipyard has been dredged 9 feet deep and 100 feet wide; and in Black Rock and Cedar Creek a channel of project depth has been dredged to a width of 100 feet. The easterly entrance break- water is in need of repairs; the shore protection works on Fayer- weather Island are in good condition, and the Fayerweather Island breakwater and sea wall need repairs. The controlling depths at mean low water are: Main channel, to just inside the inner breakwater, 21 feet, and thence 18 feet to the lower bridge; Poquonock River, 16 feet to a point opposite Black's coal wharf, and thence to the head of the improved channel, about 9 feet; Yellow Mill Channel, 12 feet (in central portion) to Hallam Street, and thence 7 feet nearly to the head of the improved chan- nel; Johnsons River, 9 feet to the turn above the shipyard, and thence about 61 feet to the head of the channel; Black Rock Harbor, 11 feet; Cedar Creek, 11 feet in center of channel up to the branches, and thence 10 feet to the head of navigation in both branches; Burr Creek, about 4 feet to its head; anchorage basins, 21, 18, and 9 to 114 feet, respectively. To complete the project requires the extension of the 12-foot anchorages, the realignment of the lower Yellow Mill Channel, the widening and deepening of the Johnsons River Channel up to the turn above the shipyard, and the widening of the Black Rock and Cedar Creek Channels. Expenditures under the existing project have been $604,543.98 for new work and $132,485.81 for main- tenance, a total of $737,029.79. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds to work covered by existing contract and the payment of out- standing liabilities; to redredging and realigning Yellow Mill Chan- nel; and to redredging and widening the Black Rock and Cedar Creek Channels in accordance with the following estimate: Outstanding liabilities and amount covered by existing contract ___-. $32, 794 Maintenance and improvement, Yellow Mill Channel, 69,000 cubic yards, at 22 cents------------------------------------ 15, 180 Maintenance and improvement, Black Rock and Cedar Creek Channels, 330,200 cubic yards, at 22 cents __ _____________-----___ 72, 644 Administration, inspection, and contingencies (including harbor line extension) -- _------------------------------13, 085 Total _ 133, 703 The work will be commenced in the summer of 1923, and will be completed in about one year. With the completion of the above dredging, the only work re- maining to complete the project is the extension of the 12-foot an- chorage in the main harbor and the widening of the sharp turn in the 9-foot channel just inside of the entrance to Johnsons River. This widening and the maintenance of the existing channel is greatly desired by the navigation interests on the river. The extension of the anchorage is necessary to relieve the congestion caused by the large number of oyster craft, power and sail, frequenting the harbor, RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. 125 and by the large number of box barges brought in for distribution through the various branch channels, and to Milford, Stratford, and Shelton. Funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for this work, as follows: Redredging Johnsons River Channel, 35,000 cubic yards, at 30 cents ------------------------------------- $10, 500 Administration, inspection, and contingencies 500 -- __ -1, 1______-- Total for maintenance_ -------------------------------- $12, 000 Widening channel in Johnsons River, 35,000 cubic yards, at 30 cents______________ 500 1--------------------------------- Extension of 12-foot anchorage, 71,000 cubic yards, at 25 cents_ 17, 750 Administration, inspection, and contingencies___---- ______- 2, 750 Total for new work_______------------------------------------ 31, 000 Total ----------------------------------------------- 43, 000 Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the cal- endar year were coal, petroleum products, iron, stone, sand, oysters, and steamboat freight carried in steamers, barges and schooners drawing from 6 to 16 feet. The bulk of the freight is carried on a draft of from 12 to 15 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar Short Passen- Calendar Short Passen- year. tons. gers. year. tons. gers. 1918........ 1, 604, 804 $138, 999, 392 89, 342 1921........ 762, 419 $60, 097, 411 60, 537 1919........ 1,116, 967 119, 039, 055 94, 795 1922........ 725, 719 64, 733, 002 58, 761 1920........ 1, 280, 223 130, 982, 232 28, 642 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting ot $26,372.71: New work ----------------------------------------- $982, 993. 51 Maintenance---------- 144, 434. 78 Net total expended________ __________________ 1, 127, 428. 29 Total appropriations to date of this report _____________-___ 1,261, 131. 96 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1 ........ $106. 30 $29, 703. 46 $76, 999. 10 $6, 514. 18........... Expended for maintenance 1. ... 2,557.49 1, 255. 62 7,654. 34 941. 95 $39, 169. 90 Total expended 1_........... 2, 663.79 30,959.08 84, 653.44 7, 456. 13 39,169.90 Appropriated or allotted......... 111,300.00 ............ .... ........ 70,000.00 95,000.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ______------$77, 873. 57 Amount allotted from War Deparment appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923 ----------------------------- 95, 000. 00 172, 873. 57 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for main- tenance _ --------------------- ----------------- 39,169. 90 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---- ----------------- 133, 703. 67 126 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------------- $11, 494. 47 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts----- ------------------------------- 21, 300. 15 $32, 794. 62 July 1, 1923, balance available ------..------------ 100, 909. 05 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for comple- tion of existing project ----------- -- --- -81, :-----_-_ 200. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work----- -------------------- -------------- 31, 000. 00 For maintenance -------------------------------- ----- 12, 000. 00 Total -- ------------------------------ , 000. 00 4------------ 26. WESTPORT HARBOR AND SAUGATUCK RIVER, CONN. (E8.) This project is about 70 per cent completed. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year, and there is no balance available. The existing project is inadequate to the requirements of commerce. No further work is proposed until a larger project is adopted. Commercial statistics.-The items of freight reported for the calendar year were coal, sand, and cement, carried in scows and barges with a maximum draft of 9 feet up to Saugatuck and 6 or 7 feet to Westport. There was a decrease in the amount of coal received, but a total increase in receipts of 23 per cent over the previous year. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Tons. Value. Calendar year. Tons. Value. 1918...................... 8,390 $71,940 1921..................... 9, 835 $93,930 1919 ...................... 5,729 54,030 1922..................... 12,144 100,507 1920...................... 4,521 44,414 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $126.13: New work ---- -------------------------------------- $32, 104. 55 Maintenance - 3, 360. 44 Net total expended - __------------------- 35, 464. 99 Total appropriations to date of this report-___--- --- ____-35, 464. 99 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........ ................... ..................... ............ Expended for maintenance .............................. ........................... Appropriated or allotted................................................... 27. NORWALK HARBOR, CONN. (E9.) Location and description.-This harbor is on the north shore of Long Island Sound, about 44 miles east of New York City. It con- sists of a broad outer bay, also known as Sheffield Island Harbor; an 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. 127 inner harbor, about one-half mile wide and 1J miles long; and the tidal portion of Norwalk River, 1l miles long, narrow and crooked. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 52.) Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth was 5 feet to South Norwalk, about 3 miles, and thence to Norwalk, about 1 miles, the river was nearly bare at low tide. The head of navigation was at Norwalk. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 10, 1872, and modified in 1880 and 1894. A second project adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, was extended by the act of March 2, 1907, to provide a channel 8 feet deep and 100 feet wide from the railroad bridge at South Nor- walk up to Norwalk, with a basin of the same depth at the head of navigation, and a channel 6 feet deep and 75 feet wide to the wharves at East Norwalk. The amount expended on these projects has been $162,516.81 for new work and $53,013.93 for maintenance, a total of $215,530.74. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1757. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep from the outer harbor to the highway bridge at South Norwalk, about 3 miles; 200 feet wide to Dorlons Point, thence 150 feet wide to South Norwalk, and 250 feet wide along the South Norwalk wharves; an anchorage basin 10 feet deep and about 17 acres in area opposite Fitchs Point; a channel 10 feet deep and generally 100 feet wide from South Norwalk to the head of navigation at Norwalk, about 1.5 miles; and for the maintenance of the channel 6 feet deep and 75 feet wide along the east side of the harbor to the head of navi- gation at East Norwalk. The reference plane is mean low water, the mean tidal range being 6.8 feet. The maximum range due to the combined effect of wind and other causes is 12 feet or more. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1914, is $206,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $8,000 for the first three years and $4,000 thereafter. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919. (H. Doc. No. 1143, 63d Cong., 2d sess.) For the latest published map see the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, adopted the existing project with the proviso that no part of the ap- propriation "shall be expended until the Secretary of War shall have received satisfactory assurances that local interests will con- struct such public wharfage facilities as in his opinion are required in the interest of commerce." The requirements of this act have been fully met. The city of Norwalk has entered into a contract for the construction of a wharf on plans approved by the department. Terminal facilities.-The wharves in Norwalk Harbor line the west bank for over a half mile at South Norwalk and surround, with a frontage of over 2,000 feet, the basin at the head of naviga- tion in Norwalk. There are also a few small wharves on the East Norwalk shore. The general type of construction is a stone or timber bulkhead with earth fill, in front of which is a narrow pile 61637--ENG 1923- 9 128 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. apron, except that the lower wharves at South Norwalk are narrow open-pile piers with slips 100 to 200 feet long between them. A majority of these wharves are private, but one or more in each group are open to public use. The city of Norwalk owns a small wharf on the east side of the river near the basin at Norwalk and has contracted for a second wharf to be located at South Norwalk. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement is essential to the water- borne commerce of the locality and has effected a material reduction in water rates. Operations and results during fiscal "year.-Therewere no opera- tions. Expenditures were for administration and engineering con- tingencies and amounted to $471.01 for new work, and $117.74 for maintenance of a previous project, a total of $588.75. Condition at end of fiscal year.--Work on the existing project has not been commenced. Under a previous project a channel 10 feet deep and 150 feet wide, increased to 250 and 300 feet at the bends, has been dredged to South Norwalk, and thence 8 feet deep and 100 feet wide up to Norwalk, with a branch channel 6 feet deep and 75 feet wide from the main channel along the East Norwalk water front. The width of these channels is somewhat diminished and the East Norwalk channel has shoaled considerably. The controlling depths in the present channels at mean low water are: To Wash- ington Street Bridge at South Norwalk, nearly 11 feet; thence to the railroad bridge, 9 feet; thence to Norwalk, 61 feet; and in the East Norwalk Channel, about 3 feet. The head of navigation is at Norwalk. The expenditures have been $471.01 for new work. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds to maintaining the channel between South Norwalk and Nor- walk, and to dredging the 12-foot channel and an anchorage basin 10 feet deep between Dorlons Point and the highway bridge at South Norwalk in accordance with the following estimates: Redredging Norwalk River Channel, 60,000 cubic yards, at 30 cents.... $18, 000 Administration, inspection and contingencies --------------------- 1, 800 For maintenance-- ----------- ------------------------- 19, 800 Dredging 450,000 cubic yards, at 17.8 cents_---------- $80, 100 Administration, inspection, and contingencies___ ------- 7, 511 87, 611 107, 411 It is expected that the work will be commenced in the summer of 1923 and will be in progress about one year. Upon the completion of this work the straightening and deepen- ing of the channel through the outer harbor should be undertaken. Since its completion in 1907, the East Norwalk Channel has de- teriorated so that the available depth is only about 3 feet and com- merce is carried on with difficulty. Funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925, as follows: Redredging East Norwalk Channel, 45,000 cubic yards, at 28 cents ---------------------------------------- $12, 600 Administration, inspection, and contingencies ___---------- 1, 400 For maintenance ----- -------------------------------- _ $14, 000 RIVERS AND HARBORS--PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. 129 Dredging channel in outer harbor: 81,00 cubic yards mud, at 25 cents------------------$20,250 155,000 cubic yards hard material, at 60 cents-------- 93, 000 Administration, inspection and contingencies__--------------- 11, 750 "For new work-------------------------------------$125, 000 Total _-____-------------------------------------------- Total-- 139, 000 1900 The amount required for maintenance is larger than the average expended for that purpose during the past five years because pend- ing the commencement of operations under the existing project, maintenance operations have been greatly curtailed. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were coal, oysters, wood pulp, and building materials. For the most part the coal was carried in barges drawing about 12 feet; oysters in steamers and motor craft drawing from 4 to 10 feet, and the wood pulp in schooners drawing up to 15 feet. An increase in valuation over 1921 is due to steamboat freight. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Tons. Value. Calendar year. Tons. Value. 1918...................... 161,848 $28,207,334 1921.................... 115,106 $1,651,681 1919 ..................... 129, 666 1,178,014 1922................... 118,257 2,428,843 1920 .................... 115, 796 1,454,<54 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,014.33: New work ----------------------------------------- $162, 987. 82 Maintenance ___----- ___---__ 53, 013. 93 Net total expended --------------------------------- 216, 001. 75 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------323, 413. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work .......... .... .. ...... ....... .. ........... $471.01 Expended for maintenance.... . $504.05 $224.41 87,170.52 $9.19 117. 74 Total expended......... 504.05 224.41 7,170.52 9.19 588.75 Appropriated or allotted ........ 8800000 ............. ...... .... ............. 20,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---------------------------- $88, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923----------------------------------------- 20, 000. 00 108, 000. 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work-------------- -----------------$471. 01 For maintenance ------------------------------ 117. 74 583. 75 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended 107, 411. 25 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities 2. 78 July 1, 1923, balance available--- 107, 408. 49 130 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. ,Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion ,of existing project----------- - ------------------ 1 $118, 000. 00 -Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work_-- ------------------- --------------- 1125, 000.00 For maintenance ..--------------------------- 114, 000. 00 Total------- ------------------- ----------------- 1139, 000. 00 28. STAMFORD HARBOR, CONN.' (E10.) Location and description.-This harbor is on the north shore of Long Island Sound, 36 miles east of New York City. It consists of a bay about 2 miles wide at its mouth and extending inland 11 miles, from which two tidal inlets, known as the east and west branches, 1 and 1 miles long, respectively, extend northerly into the city of Stamford. The east branch, known locally as the" Canal," is largely artificial; the west branch is the tidal portion of Mill River, a small fresh-water stream. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth in the west branch was from 1 to 3 feet at the head, increasing in the bay to 12 feet; the depth in the east branch was small, but this branch had been straightened and dredged about 6 feet deep and 60 feet wide by private enterprise before its improvement was begun by the United States. The head of navigation in the east and west branches was and is about 1 and 15 miles, respectively, above the head of the bay. Mill River is said to have been originally navigable by schooners for a considerable distance above the Oliver Street Bridge, at the head of the existing west branch channel. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the act of August 5, 1886. A second project, adopted by the act of July 13, 1892, and modified in 1901 by departmental authority, provided for a channel in the west branch 7 feet deep at mean low water, 150 feet wide, and about 1 miles long, with a basin of the same depth be- tween harbor lines at the head of the harbor, and in the east branch a channel 9 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide for a length of about 8,535 feet and from about 80 to 125 feet wide for about 1,200 feet farther to the head of the harbor. The amount expended on these projects has been $135,142.85 for new work and $55,619.29 for maintenance, a total of $190,762.14. For further de- tails of previous project see Annual Report for 1915, page 1758. Existing project.-This provides for an entrance channel 12 feet deep and 200 feet wide about 0.6 mile long; a channel in the east branch 12 feet deep and 100 feet wide, with increased width at the turns, to a point 1,100 feet from the head of navigation, thence of the same depth and from 85 to 125 feet wide to the head of naviga- tion, a total distance of about 1.5 miles; a channel in the west branch 9 feet deep, 100 feet wide, and about three-quarters mile long, and a basin of the same depth and 200 feet wide at the head of the branch. The plane of reference is mean low water, the mean tidal range being 7.3 feet. The extreme tidal range, due to the combined effects of wind and other causes, is 12 feet or more. The estimate of cost for 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. 131 new work revised in 1920 is $315,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1914) approved estimate for an- nual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 1130, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). For the latest published map see the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, adopted the existing project with the provisos " That no expense shall be incurred by the United States for acquiring any lands required for the purpose of this improvement " and " That no part of the appropriation shall be expended until the Secretary of War shall have received satisfactory assurances that local interests will con- struct a suitable public wharf." With funds appropriated by the city of Stamford the construction of a wharf has been commenced on city property located on the east branch of the harbor, and satisfactory releases have been secured covering the necessary lands. Expenditure of funds appropriated by the above act was authorized by the Secretary of War November 18, 1919. Prior to the adoption of the original project, a channel 61 feet deep and 60 feet wide had been dredged to the head of the east branch by private interests, at a cost said to be about $250,000. Terminal facilities.-Practically all of the wharves served by this improvement are of the shore-line bulkhead type, either with or without pile aprons. In the west branch they surround the basin at the head of the channel. The total frontage developed is approxi- mately one-half mile. Three wharves are open to public use; the others are for the owners' use exclusively. In the east branch the wharves are located on both sides of the channel within 3,000 feet of its head. The upper 1,300 feet of frontage on each side is con- tinuous. Over 700 feet of this frontage is open to public use. Rail- road connection exists at the head of the branch and along the wharves on the west side. There is no publicly owned terminal in the west branch, but the city of Stamford has commenced the con- struction of one in the east branch. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of ter- minal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has afforded the city of Stamford increased facilities for water transportation, with a consequent reduction in water rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Contractwork for the improvement of the east branch channel by the removal of bowlders and ledge rock has been in progress since October, 1922. About 63 per cent of the rock has been drilled and blasted, but only a small amount of blasted material has been removed. Expenditures, in- cluding administration and engineering contingencies, amounted to $9,821.64 for new work and $2'56.94 for maintenance, a total of $10,078.58, Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 56 per cent completed. The entrance channel has been dredged and dredging in the east branch completed except .for the removal of ledge and bowlders. Under a previous project a channel has been dredged 132 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. through the west branch 7 feet deep and 150 feet wide,, with an anchorage basin of the same depth at the head of the branch. The controlling depths at mean low water are: In the entrance channel, 12 feet; in the east branch, 12 feet to the first dolphin above Pine Island; thence, on account of rock obstructions, 10 feet to Ludlow Street; and thence 12 feet to the head; in the west branch, 7 feet to the basin; and in the basin, from 4 to 7 feet. The channel width in the west branch is somewhat diminished. Expenditures under the existing project have been $104,377.18 for new work and $1,272.60 for maintenance, a total of $105,649.78. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds in accordance with the following: Outstanding liabilities, and amount covered by existing con- tract -------------------------------------------------- 18, 769 Dredging in West Branch channel and basin, 7,300 cubic yards, at 30 cents --------------------------------------- $2, 190 Administration, inspection, and contingencies---------------- 359 Total for maintenance__---------------------------------- 2, 549 Dredging in West Branch channel and basin: 98,600 cubic yards, at 30 cents---------------------- $29, 580 42,600 cubic yards, at 48 cents ___----------------------- 20,448 985 cubic yards bowlders, at $15-------------------- 14, 775 Administration, inspection, and contingencies---------------, 6, 827 Total for new work----- ----------------------------- 71, 630 Grand total ---------------- ------------------------ 92, 948 It is proposed to commence the work as soon as the city resumes the construction of their East Branch wharf, probably in the fall of 1923. When the work is in progress funds will be used at the rate of about $12,000 per month. No additional funds are required at this time. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calendar year were coal, sand and stone, general package freight, petroleum products, and lumber, carried in steamers, schooners, and barges drawing from 6 to 16 feet. The bulk of this traffic in the East Branch is handled on a draft of from 11 to 12 feet, and in the West Branch 8 to 10 feet draft. Comparative statement, Calendar year. Tons. Value. Calendar year. Tons. Value. 1918.....................277,955 $28,355,122 1921................. ... 200,081 $21,794,495 ................... 1919 223,962 27,479,304 1922................ .. 214,325 25,736,935 1920 .................... 267,121 26,826,035 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $440.70: New work ---------------------------------------- $239, 520.03 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 56, 891. 89 Net total expended ------------------------------- 296, 411. 92 Total appropriations to date of this report-_ --- - 389, 360. 53 RIVERS A'ND HARBORS--PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. 133 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work1 .............. $..4...... $85,660.29 $441.41 $8, 474.09 $9, 821.64 Expended for maintenance 1 ..... $611.18 1, 350. 63 8, 492. 39 1, 015. 66 256. 94 Total expended 1......... 611.18 1,792.04 94, 152.68 9,489.75 10, 078. 58 Appropriated or allotted........ 183, 000.00 .................. ................... 12,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ---- ______----____- _ $91, 009. 94 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923.. ------------------------------------------- 12, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923--------------- --- 17. 25 103, 027. 19 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year:1 For new work--------------- --------------- $9, 821. 64 For maintenance -------------- ------ 256. 94 10, 078. 58 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-----------------------------92, 948. 61 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities_ ------- __----- $855.79 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts- 17, 913. 67 18, 769. 46 July 1, 1923, balance available ------------------ ---- -74,•--- 179. 15 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project_ --------------------- -------- '120, 000. 00 29. GREENWICH HARBOR, CONN. (Ell.) Location and description.-This harbor is on the north shore of Long Island Sound, about 30 miles east of New York City. It con- sists of a shallow cove, varying in width from about 1,500 to 200 feet, and extending northward about 3,000 feet from a broad outer bay known as Captains Harbor. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Sur- vey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-The minimum usable low-water depth was 6 feet at the lower docks, decreasing to 2 feet at the head of the harbor, which was also the head of navigation, about 0.6 mile above the outer bay. Previous projects.-The original project adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, provided for a channel 90 feet wide from the outer bay to the causeway at the head of navigation, 9 feet deep to the steamboat wharf and 6 feet deep above, the upper end to be enlarged to form a turning basin. The amount expended on this project has been $17,017.19 for new work and $12,906.51 for main- tenance, a total of $29,923.70. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water from the 12-foot curve in Long Island Sound to a point 500 feet from the causeway at the head of the harbor, about 1.2 miles, 130 feet wide in the outer harbor and 100 feet wide along the water front. The mean tidal range is 7.5 feet, and the extreme range, due to the combined effects of wind and other causes, is 12 feet or more. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 134 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1919, is $49,000. The latest (1913) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,250. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 289, 63d Cong., 1st sess.) For the latest published map see the project document. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-No conditions for local cooperation were pre- scribed by law at the time of the adoption of the project. A small amount of dredging has been done by private interests at an un- known cost that has provided additional anchorage space and has tended to reduce the cost of subsequent operations by the United States. Terminal facilities.-There are eight wharves of the bulkhead and apron type along the eastern side of the channel and at the head of the harbor, five of which are in commercial use, and also several land- ings for pleasure craft. Public use of several of these wharves may be had by special agreement. There is no direct physical connection with the railroad. The town of Greenwich owns two small unim- proved wharves, neither of which is accessible to commercial vessels. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has afforded the town of Greenwich added facilities for water transportation and has tended to reduce water rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. Expenditures were for administration, and amounted to $411.25, applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 70 per cent completed. The channel has been dredged 110 feet wide in the outer harbor and to project dimensions in the inner harbor. The controlling depth at mean low water to the upper end of the project is about 11 feet. To complete the project requires the further widening of the channel in the outer harbor. Expenditures under the existing project have been $33,528.45 for new work and $790.82 for maintenance, a total of $34,319.27. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the unexpended funds for widening and maintaining the channel in accordance with the following estimate: Dredging 18,000 cubic yards, at 23 cents---------------- $4, 140 Administration, inspection, and contingencies----------------256 For maintenance--- ------------------------------ $4, 396 Dredging 32,000 cubic yards, at 23 cents-------------------$7, 360 Administration, inspection, and contingencies ----------------- 500 For new work ----------------------------------------- 7, 860 Total----------------------------------------------- 12,256 It is proposed to advertise this work during the fall of 1923. When the work is in progress funds will be used at the rate of about $5,000 per month. No additional funds will be required for the fiscal year 1925. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. 135 Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight for the calender year were coal, sand, stone, petroleum products, and lumber, carried in barges and schooners drawing from 7 to 14 feet. A ferry service to Oyster Bay was in operation during the summer season. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918.................... 77, 025 $13, 380,230 1921.................. 105, 043 $15, 679, 982 1919 .................. 80, 717 9, 844 564 1922. ......... ........... 94, 745 13, 397, 544 1920................... 91, 090 828,830 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $247.76: New work --------- ------------------------------- $50, 545. 64 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 13, 697. 33 Net total expended ------------------------- 64, 242. 97 Total appropriations to date of this report 499. 88 7---------------------6, Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ $72. 83 $33,455.62 ................................. Expended for maintenance 1..... 13.50 2,806. 97 $47. 13 $332.94 $411.25 Total expended 1......... 86. 33 36, 262.59 47. 13 332. 94 411.25 Appropriated or allotted........ 35,000.00 ..... ..................... ............ 8, 700.00 SNot deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended----------------------------- $3, 968. 16 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923----------- ------------------------------- 8, 700. 00 12, 668. 16 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance - 411. 25 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------------------------- 12, 256. 91 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------ --------------------------- 7, 400. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP E. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $34,402.17: New work--------------------------------------- $4, 323,574. 19 Maintenance---------------------------------------- 766, 271. 43 Net total expended------------------------------- 5, 089,845. 62 Total appropriations to date of this report------------ --- 5, 490, 288. 39 SExclusive of available funds. 136 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1 ....... $179.13 $63, 600. 49 $162, 659.39 $14,988.27 $25, 087.71 Expended for maintenance 1..... 14, 483. 52 28, 433. 62 55, 081.61 45, 623. 27 79, 986. 52 1. . .. . . . . . Total expended 14,662.65 92, 034.11 217, 741.00 60, 611.54 105, 074.23 Appropriated or allotted......... 462,300.00 44,000.00 6,000.00 100,000.00 194,795.06 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------ -------------------- $310, 702. 94 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923 ------------------------------------------ 170, 700. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922------------------------------------------------ 8, 300. 00 Amount transferred from other works in district , 000. CO 1----------------- Amount allotted from deficiency act approved July 1, 1922-------- 14, 795.06 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923--------------- 19. 00 505, 517. 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year :1 For new work_ ...------------------- - $25, 087. 71 For maintenance_ ____-_ --- -- __ _ 79, 986. 52 105, 074. 23 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-__------------------ 400,442. 77 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities- ------------ $17, 431. 51 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 39, 213. 82 56, 645. 33 July 1, 1923, balance available _....... ....... ........ ...... 343, 797. 44 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ' 367, 750. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 : For new work-....-, ...............- - - - - - 2156, 000. 00 For maintenance ------------------------------------- 26, 000. 00 Total------------------------------------------ 182, 000.00 EXAMINATIONS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED JUNE 5, 1920, AND SEPTEMBER 22, 19122. Reports on preliminary examinations required by the river and harbor acts of June 5, 1920, and September 22, 1922, of the fol- lowing localities within this district were duly submitted by the dis- trict engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Con- gress, but have not yet been printed: 1. Preliminaryexamination of Pawcatuck River, R. I. and Conn.- Report dated March 29, 1921, was transmitted to Congress Septem- ber 12, 1922. The improvement of this locality by the United States by a modification of the existing project is not deemed advisable at the present time. 2. Preliminary examination of Guilford Harbor, Conn.-Report dated December 13, 1922, was transmitted to Congress February 5, 1 Not deducting receipts from sales,, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 137 1923. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of July 27, 1916, and September 22, 1922, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Buzzards Bay, Mass., and approaches to Cape Cod Canal. 2. New Bedford and FairhavenHarbor, Mass. 3. Newport Harbor, R. I.; that portion situated east of city wharf. 4. Thames River, Conn. 5. Westport Harbor and Saugatuck River, Conn. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. This district includes all of the principal channels and anchorages of the greater part of the Lower and Upper Bays, New York Harbor, from the Battery, New York City, to the Atlantic Ocean; the rivers and harbors of Long Island, N. Y., Long Island Sound, and the rivers and harbors on its northern shore west of the Connecticut boundary line; East River from the head of Long Island Sound at Throgs Neck to the Battery, New York City, including its tributaries from the north; Hudson River and tributaries to the head of navi- gation about 250 miles north from the Battery; and Lake Champlain and tributaries from Whitehall, N. Y., to the Canadian border. District engineer: Col. Edward Burr, Corps of Engineers, to Au- gust 31, 1922; Col. H. C. Newcomer, Corps of Engineers, September 1 to September 30, 1922; Col. Edward Burr, Corps of Engineers, October 1, 1922, to February 28, 1923; Lieut. Col. J. R. Slattery, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineer: On May 31, 1919, the first New York district was temporarily withdrawn from the northeast division and the district engineer was given the powers of division engineer; on March 1, 1923, it was reassigned to the northeast division, Col. H. C. Newcomer, Corps of Engineers, since July 20, 1922. IMPROVEMENTS. [The letters and figures in parentheses after the titles indicate the group and the nu- merical order in the group to which the respective improvements belong for purposes of appropriation.] Page. Page. 1. Port Chester Harbor, N. Y. 10. Huntington Harbor, N. Y.__. 168 (Al) 138 11. Port Jefferson Harbor, N. Y_ 170 2. Mamaroneck Harbor, N. Y. 12. Mattituck Harbor, N. Y--.. 173 (A2)--____-_________ 141 13. Great South Bay, N. Y ..- 176 3. Echo Bay Harbor, N. Y. 14. Browns Creek, N. Y-------- 178 (A3)---------------- 145 15. Jamaica Bay, N. Y--------- 181 4. East Chester Creek, N. Y. 16. Sheepshead Bay, N. Y__- __ 186 (A4) ------------------- 148 17. New York Harbor: Ambrose, 5. Westchester Creek, N. Y. Main Ship, Bayside, and (A5) ------------------- 151 Gedney Channels, includ- 6. Bronx River, N, Y. (A6) ___ 154 ing Anchorage Channel 7. New Rochelle Harbor, N. Y__ 159 and Craven Shoal, and 8. Harbor at Flushing Bay, channel between Staten N. Y --------------- 162 Island and Hoffman and 9. Hempstead Harbor, N. Y__ 165 Swinburne Islands, N. Y_ 188 138 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Page. Page. 18. Coney Island Channel, N. Y_ 198 31. Saugerties Harbor, N. Y. 19. Bay Ridge and Red Hook (B4) ------------------- 249 Channels, N. Y ______-200 32. Rondout Harbor, N. Y. 20. Buttermilk Channel, N. Y___ 204 (B5) --------------- 252 21. Gowanus Creek Channel, 33. Hudson River, N. Y_----___ 254 N. Y --------- - 207 34. Operating and care of lock 22. East River, N. Y----------- 210 and dam in Hudson River 23. Wallabout Channel, N. Y___ 221 at Troy, N. Y----------- 262 24. Newtown Creek, N. Y ------- 224 35. Narrows of Lake Champlain, 25. Harlem River, N. Y-------- 229 N. Y. and Vt. (Cl) ------ 263 26. Hudson River Channel, N. Y_ 234 36. Burlington Harbor, Vt. 27. New York Harbor : Collec- (C2) ------------------- 266 tion of drift-...---- . 241 37. Plattsburg Harbor, N. Y. 28. Tarrytown Harbor, N. Y. (C3) ------------------- 269 (Bi) ------------------ 242 38. Port Henry Harbor, N. Y. 29. Peekskill Harbor, N. Y. (C4)---------------- 272 (B2) ------------------- 244 30. Wappinger Creek, N. Y. (B3) --------------- - 247 PORT CHESTER, MAMARONECK, AND ECHO BAY HARBORS, EAST CHESTER AND WESTCHESTER CREEKS, AND BRONX RIVER, N. Y. (GROUP A). 1. PORT CHESTER HARBOR, N. Y. (Al.) .Location and description.-This harbor, located at the boundary between the States of New York and Connecticut, and about 32 miles by water east of the Battery, New York City, consists of the Byram River and a shallow bay at its mouth, about 100 acres in extent, opening into Long Island Sound. About 1 mile above its mouth, at the head of navigation, the river is crossed by a fixed bridge. The source of the river is about 13 miles north of the bridge. Below the bridge the river is tidal and from 100 to 300 feet wide. The bay is protected from storms in the Sound by Manursing Island on the south and a breakwater extending out from Byram Point on the east. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-The river had a mean low-water depth of about 1 foot. Salt Rock in the river and Sunken Rock in the bay were considered to be dangerous obstructions. The head of naviga- tion was and is at the fixed bridge, about 1J miles from Long Island Sound. Previous projects.-The original project for improvement, adopted June 10, 1872, was modified in 1884 and enlarged March 3, 1899, and March 2, 1907. There was expended under this project prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1910, $74,995.10 for new work and $16,369.12 for maintenance, a total of $91,364.22. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1758. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 150 feet wide from Long Island Sound to the mouth of the river at the southerly point of Fox Island; thence 10 feet deep and 100 feet wide to 900 feet below the fixed bridge at Mill Street, in Port Chester, including a turning basin opposite the steam- boat landing; and thence 3 feet deep and 175 to 100 feet wide to 100 feet below the fixed bridge. The length of the section included in the project is about 1( miles. Mean tidal range, 7.3 feet; mean range of spring tides, 8.6 feet; extreme range of storm tides, about RIVERS AND'HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 139 12 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1908, is $188,000, exclusive of the amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance after completion is $1,400. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910. (H. Doc. No. 1165, 60th Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. About 1893 the local authorities, aided by private interests, expended $1,200 in dredging the channel above Fox Island previously excavated by the United States. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, 20 in number, with avail- able dockage of 3,197 feet, are located on Byram River at and be- tween Fox Island and the fixed bridge; one of these is connected with the main line of railroad by spur track. One terminal, with avail- able dockage of 75 feet, is publicly owned, but is not used because of its inconvenient location; 18, with available dockage of 3,122 feet, are either corporately or privately owned; and 1 consists of an earth slope occupied by a trestle supporting a pipe line. Other details are as follows: 11 with available dockage of 1,728 feet consist of solid fills behind stone bulkheads; 7 with available dockage of 1,169 feet consist of open pile with solid fills behind stone bulkheads in rear; 1 with available dockage of 300 feet consists of a solid fill behind a tim- ber bulkhead; and 1 consists of a pile trestle supporting a pipe line. The existing facilities appear to be adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Transportationby water has been ren- dered easier and safer, while the draft and registered tonnage of the largest vessels entering the harbor have increased. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Surveys and other preliminaries have been nearly completed preparatory to ad- vertising for proposals for dredging and rock removal. The ex- penditures, amounting to $1,983.34-$1,286.14 for new work and $697.20 for maintenance-were in payment of the cost of a survey, investigation of reported illegal deposit of material in navigable waters, office expenses, and contingencies. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 64 per cent of the existing project has been completed. The controlling mean low-water depth when examined in May, 1923, through a channel of navigable width, was about 11 feet up to the first bend below Fox Island; thence about 9 feet to about 1,800 feet above Fox Island; thence about 8 feet to just below the steamboat wharf; thence to within 150 feet below Willet Avenue the controlling depth in the westerly side of the turn- ing basin was about 10 feet and in the easterly side about 5 feet; above this to Willet Avenue the depth gradually decreases to about 3 feet; above Willet Avenue no work has been done, and the existing depths are 2 feet or less. To complete the project the following work remains to the done: Widening the channel from the entrance at Long Island Sound up to 140 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARIY, 1923. the vicinity of Fox Island; widening and deepening the channel at and above Fox Island to about 700 feet below the steamboat landing; and excavating the channel of 3 feet projected depth immediately below the fixed bridge. In the prosecution of this work both dredg- ing and rock removal will be required. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $126,941.47-$122,351.07 for new work and $4,590.40 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the balance unex- pended from previous appropriations, amounting to $53,194.31, as follows: (a) Dredging and rock removal for improvement at and above Fox Island---------------------------------------- $47, 000. 00 (b) Dredging for maintenance in the turning basin near the head of the projected improvement---------------------------3, 000. 00 (c) Engineering, office expenses and contingencies-_______3, 062. 1.7 (d) Outstanding liabilities -__ ----------------------- 132. 14 Total ___--------------------------------------- 53, 194. 31 This work will be completed before June 30, 1924; it should re- sult in completing all but about 1,000 feet in length of channel be- tween the lower end of Fox Island and Willet Avenue to project dimensions. Practically the whole of the commerce of the harbor is handled from terminals situated above this uncompleted section. Vessels carrying this commerce, a large proportion of which have a maxi- mum loaded draft of 10 to 12 feet, can not utilize the depth provided in the completed sections until the intervening uncompleted section has been deepened and widened. In order that the commercial in- terests of the locality may be benefited to an extent commensurate with the expenditures already made, it is proposed to prosecute work of dredging and rock removal in this uncompleted section when suffi- cient funds therefor are made available. The sum of $15,000, includ- ing the cost of engineering, superintendence, and contingencies, can be profitably expended in this work during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, as follows: Rock removal ----------------------------- -$10, 000 Dredging-- ----------------------------- -------------- 5, 000 Total ------------------------------------------------ 15, 000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of coal, building materials, petroleum products, and general merchandise. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918...................... 120,336 $12,292,639 1921..................... 180,951 $17,588,04& 1919 ...................... 156, 950 13,604, 691 1922 ................... 185,454 15,810, 807 1920 ...................... 139,106 13,049, 479 Passengers carried: None. About 50,000 short tons of package freight were carried by a regular steamboat line between Port Chester and New York City. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 141 A number of small pleasure craft use the harbor during the summer season. The tonnage for 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual limit Usual mit Class of freight carried. Per cent of total Usualof loadeimit draft of Class of freight carried. Per cent of total Usual loaded draft of tonnage. vessel. tonnage. vessel. Feet. Feet. Coal...................... 14.0 5-17 Petroleum products...... 2.5 11 Building material....... 55. 5 5-10 General merchandise..... 25. 3 8-12 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $655.42: New work----------------------------- ------------ $197, 346. 17 Maintenance-----------------------------------------20, 959. 52 Net total expended------------------ --------- 218, 305. 69 Total appropriations to date of this report------- - ___-271, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1............................................. $1, 286.14 Expended for maintenance i..... $38. 12 $66. 00 281. 95 293. 06 697. 20 Total expended 1.......... 38.12 66.00 281.95 293.06 1, 983.34 Appropriated or allotted ..................... ........ ............... 30,000.00 25,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended_--- __--__-_____- $30, 177.15 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923------------------_ ------------------------- 25, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923____---- . 50 55, 177. 65 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year :1 For new work-----------------------------$1, 286. 14 For maintenance ------------------------------ 697. 20 1, 983. 34 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ___________-___-_- -- -___ 53, 194. 31 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities_______________________ __ 132. 14 July 1, 1923, balance available, including $3,000 available only for maintenance---- --------------- 53, 062. 17 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-----------------___________ 2 12, 500. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: for new work_______________________________ 2 15, 000. 00 2. MAMAROIgECK HARBOR, N. Y. (A2.) Location and description. This harbor, situated on the north shore of Long Island Sound, 5 miles west of the Connecticut State 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 142 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. line, and 27 miles by water east of the Battery, New York City, con- sists of a tidal inlet opening into a shallow bay about 1 square mile in area. Mamaroneck River, the source of which is 7 miles north of the harbor, empties into the inlet at the head of navigation, which is marked by a fixed bridge at the Boston Post Road in the village of Mamaroneck, 1 mile above the head of the bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-A narrow winding channel passed to the westward of Grassy Knoll, a rocky obstruction situated 1,000 feet south of Harbor Island. It had a controlling depth of 4.6 feet at mean low water up to an old steamboat wharf on the island; above this, to wharves near the head of navigation just below the Boston Post Road, the controlling depth was six-tenths of a foot. A second- ary channel passed to the east of Grassy Knoll and afforded a pas- sage for a large part of the tidewaters. Outside the limits of these channels the harbor abounded in flats. Several rocks obstructed the mouth of the harbor and caused the wrecking of a number of vessels. Previous projects.-The original project for improvement was adopted by river and harbor act of August 2, 1882, and modified April 27, 1899. There was expended under this project $40,000- $35,371.50 for new work and $4,628.50 for maintenance. For further details of this project see Annual Report for 1915, page 1759. A second project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912. There was expended under this project prior to the adoption of work under the existing project in 1922, $54,047.76-$45,352.93 for new work and $8,694.83 for maintenance. The expenditure of these funds resulted in completing all work provided for under the project except a small unimportant stretch of channel at the head of navigation immediately below Boston Post Road. Existing project.-This provides for an anchorage area near the nead of navigation and for a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet bottom width from deep water in Long Island Sound to Orienta Point, and thence 80 feet bottom width following the lines of the project adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 1087, 61st Cong., 3d sess.), to a point about 150 feet below the Boston Post Road, with widening at bends. Length of section included in project 1 miles. Mean tidal range, 7.3 feet; mean range of spring tides, 8.6 feet; extreme range of storm tides, 12 feet (esti- mated). Estimated cost for new work, made in 1919, $103,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects; estimated cost of annual maintenance, made in 1919, $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. No. 651, 66th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is printed in House Document No. 1087, Sixty- first Congress, third session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, re- quired that easements for right of way ancd for the disposition of the dredged material on Harbor Island be furnished free of cost to the United States. The easement for right of way was approved by the Secretary of War May 20, 1913, and by July, 1913, the village au- thorities had completed the construction of a rubblestone wall around RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 143 Harbor Island, at a cost of about $10,000, inclosing about 12 acres of marshland and land under water for the reception of material to be excavated in improving the harbor. In 1916 the Orienta Yacht Club dredged a channel through the flats north of Harbor Island from deep water in the main channel up to its landing 60 feet wide, 6 feet deep, and 600 feet long, at a cost of $3,500. The river and harbor act approved September 22, 1922, provides that no work shall be done until the village authorities or other interests concerned shall construct, or give assurance satisfactory to the Secretary of War that they will construct, a public wharf and provide free of cost to the United States dumping areas for the dredged material, or in lieu thereof such other facilities in the way of a wharf and dumping grounds as the Chief of Engineers may decide. None of these provisions has yet been carried into effect. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, five in number, with a total available dockage of 815 feet, are located at the head of navigation; two of these are connected by spur track with the electric trolley service; one of the terminals with available dockage of 70 feet is publicly owned; the remainder are privately owned, one of which, with available dockage of 60 feet, is open to the public. Other de- tails are as follows: 1 with available dockage of 215 feet consists of open-pile construction, with solid fill behind stone bulkheads in the rear. 1 with available dockage of 300 feet consists of part open-pile and part timber bulkhead construction. 2 with available dockage of 270 feet consist of dry rubblestone retaining walls. 1 with available dockage of 60 feet consists of open-pile construction with earth slope in rear. The existing facilities are not adequate for existing commerce; the village authorites have taken preliminary steps for the construc- tion of an additional wharf to be open to the public, but no actual work of construction has yet been undertaken. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess,) Mamaroneck Harbor lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority December 21,1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 190 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-No work has yet been done under the existing project. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The expendi- tures under the previous project amounted to $28.08 and were in payment of office expenses and contingencies pertaining to the main- tenance of the improvement. There were no expenditures under the existing project. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done under the existing project. When examined in June, 1922, the channel dredged under the previous project was in good condition both as to width and depth; the controlling depth was 7 feet at mean low water. Some slight shoaling had taken place in and close to the bend off Otter Creek and also about midway between this bend and the bend off Harbor Island, but was not of sufficient extent to require 61687--ENG 192-- 10 144 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. immediate removal. There have been no expenditures on the exist- ing project. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend such part of the unexpended balance on June 30, 1923, amounting to $252.24, as may be necessary in payment of office expenses and contingencies, and in case of urgency in such minor maintenance work as can be ac- complished at a small cost. The conditions prescribed by Congress in adopting the existing project (see under Local cooperation) have not yet been fulfilled; accordingly, no funds for expenditure in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, are required. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of building material, coal, ashes, and general mer- chandise. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918.................. 33,196 $1, 444, 068 1921...................... 45,125 $1,477,267 1919..................... 45, 816 1, 890,495 1922..................... 55,006 1,332, 244 1920................... 30, 142 1,920, 773 Passengers carried : None. About 4,000 tons of package freight were carried by a regular steamboat line between Mamaroneck and New York City. The harbor is also used as an anchorage for a large number of pleasure boats, and about 100 visits are made annually to a local boat yard for repairs and refitting. The tonnage of 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Usual Per cent limit of Per cent limit of Class of freight carried. of total loaded Class of freight carried, of total loaded tonnage. draft of tonnage. draft of vessel, vessel. Feet. Feet. Building material....... 40.9 6-10 ......... Ashes ........... 33.2 8 Coal ..................... 18. 6 10 General merchandise..... 5. 2 8 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $33.71: New work ---------- ------ $80, 724. 43 Maintenance- .- __- ----- 13, 323. 33 Net total expended --------------------------------- 94, 047. 76 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------- 94, 300. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.......... ... ...... ....... ............ ............ Expended for maintenance 1.... 15. 60 $104.49 670. 01 $84. 32 $28. 08 Appropriated or allotted..... ........................... .................... . ..... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 145 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------------ $279. 07 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923_-- .----------- 1. 25 280. 32 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance ------------------------------------------------ 28. 08 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------------------------- 252. 24 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project----------------------------------- 2103, 000. 00 3. ECHO BAY HARBOR, N. Y. (A3.) Location and description.-This harbor, on which lies the city of New Rochelle, is on the north shore of Long Island Sound, 8 miles west of the Connecticut State line and 24 miles by water east of the Battery, New York City, and consists of a shallow inlet, five-eighths of a mile long and 150 feet to 2,000 feet wide, interspersed with islands and with a bay at its mouth three-eighths of a mile long and one-fourth of a mile wide. The inlet, or inner harbor, is landlocked, except at the extreme outer end, while the bay, or outer harbor, is exposed to southeasterly storms. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Sur- vey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-The channel leading from the bay to the wharves was only 1 to 2 feet deep and was obstructed by Long Rock, Start Rock, and Sheepshead Reef. The first-mentioned rock was ex- posed at low water and the other two had not more than 1.6 feet and 2.2 feet of water over them, respectively, at mean low water. The head of navigation was and is at the head of the inlet about five- eighths of a mile north of the head of the bay. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by river and harbor act of June 18, 1878, and modified June 13, 1902, and March 2, 1907. There was expended under this project prior to the com- mencement of work under the existing project in 1910, $47,378.16-- $47,367.75 for new work and $10.41 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1760. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide, extending from the 10-foot con- tour in Echo Bay to the city wharf at Beaufort Point (Hudson Park), and a turning basin of the same depth at the inner extremity of the channel. Length of section included in project, 1,300 feet. Mean tidal range, 7 feet; mean range of spring tides, 8.6 feet; ex- treme range of storm tides, about 12 feet. The estimated cost for new work, made in 1910, is $22,110, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. No estimate was made for annual cost of maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 1118, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. Prior to 1913 the local authorities of the city of New Rochelle expended about $27,500 in constructing a public wharf at Beaufort Point and about $50,000 in dredging, mainly at and in the approaches to this wharf. There was 1 Not deducting receipts from. cales, etc. 2 ExXclusive o f avaiilable fund.. 146 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. expended in 1913 by private interests in the construction of a public pier, $2,500, and during and prior to 1913 private interests expended for dredging about $87,475, mainly in the excavation of a channel extending from the main channel at Beaufort Point to the head of navigation near Main Street, and from the same point up to and along the water front of the New Rochelle Coal & Lumber Co. property. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, six in number, with avail- able dockage of 2,395 feet, are scattered along the water front at and between Beaufort Point and the head of navigation. One, with available dockage of 450 feet, is publicly owned; it is inconveniently located with reference to the business center; three, with available dockage of 1,645 feet, are privately owned; one, with available dock- age of 200 feet, is corporately owned; and one, with a frontage of 100 feet, supports two pipe lines on trestles and is privately owned. Other details are as follows: 1 with available dockage of 450 feet consists of solid fill behind stone bulkhead. 1 with available dockage of 200 feet consists partly of concrete bulkhead and partly timber crib bulkhead with solid fill behind. 1 with available dockage of 1,400 feet consists partly of timber bulk- head, partly of rubblestone retaining wall, and partly of open pile work with rubblestone wall in rear. 1 with available dockage of 225 feet consists of open pile work with timber crib bulkhead and solid fill in rear. 1 with frontage of 100 feet consists of two pipe lines supported on small trestles. 1 with frontage of 20 feet consists' of a ferry rack with dry rubblestone wall in rear. The existing facilities are probably adequate for the amount of commerce that can be accommodated by existing channel dimensions. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Echo Bay Harbor lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the port of New York authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 190 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-As the result of improvement the draft of vessels entering the harbor has been increased. A steamboat line for carrying passengers and motor vehicles between New Rochelle and Sea Cliff, Long Island, has been discontinued. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None; dredging for maintenance was unnecessary. The expenditures, amounting to $251.01, were in payment of office expenses and contingencies pertain- ing to the maintenance of the improvement. Conditions at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1911; no work of maintenance has been done since. When examined in June, 1919, the project depth was available, with the exception of slight shoaling in small scattered areas. The control- ling depth as far as Beaufort Point is about 10 feet, thence to the head of the inlet, about 3 feet. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $18,725.90-$17,216.14 for new work and $1,509.76 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is believed that dredging for mainte- nance will not be necessary during the next two years; accordingly, RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 147 no funds for expenditure during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, are required. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of building materials, coal, petroleum products, and general merchandise. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers Vehicles carried, carried. 1918........................................... 76,432 $3,883,627 75, 000 5, 000 1919................................... ........ ... 82,487 6,270,647 100,000 5,000 1920. ............................................. .. 90, 733 5, 829, 860 (1) (1) 1921 ................................................... 84,106 4, 663, 381 () () 1922 ................................................... 90, 938 3, 361, 725 (1) () 1 Ferry discontinued. About 8,000 short tons of package freight were carried by a regular steamboat line between New Rochelle and New York City. The harbor is also used as an anchorage for a large number of pleasure boats. The tonnage for 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual limit Per cent Per cent Usual limit Class of freight carried. of total draft of Class of freight carried, of total draft of tonnage. vessel. tonnage. vessel. Feet. Feet. Building materials ...... 36. 6 5-11 Petroleum products...... 25. 8 6-11 Coal ................. 21.4 6-10 General merchandise..... 8.8 9 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,071.57: New work------------ .----------- ---------- - $64, 583. 89 Maintenance , 520. 17 1------------------------ Net total expended --------------------------------- 66, 104. 06 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------66, 104. 06 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........ ........................................ ............ Expended for maintenance 1... $35. 78 $38.95 $42.69 $52. 74 $251. 01 Appropriated or allotted.... .................................................. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended __________ $1, 450. 76 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923__-__________ .25, 1, 451. 01 Deduction on account of amount transferred to East River, N. Y__ 1, 200. 00* June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for main- tenance 1 ____ ________-251.01 ------------------ 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 148 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 4. EAST CHESTER CREEK, N. Y. (A4.) Location and description.-This creek, also known as Hutchinson River, empties into East Chester Bay, an indentation 3 miles long and 1,000 feet to 1 miles wide, in the north shore of Long Island Sound, immediately east of Throgs Neck, 12 miles west of the Connecticut State line and 21 miles by water east of the Battery, New York City. Its source is 9 miles slightly east of north from the head of the bay. The navigable section of the creek is tidal, is 100 feet to 1,000 feet in width, and extends about 22 miles above its :nmouth. The approach through the bay is approximately 600 feet wide, with a controlling depth of 5 feet at mean low water. Four bridges cross the creek-two near the mouth, one a highway bridge and the other a railroad bridge; one highway bridge at Boston Post Road and another at Fulton Avenue. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-The head of navigation was marked by a highway bridge at the Boston Post Road, about 2 miles above the head of the bay, to which point the creek was navigable at high tide by vessels of 7 feet draft. Previous projects.-The original project, adopted March 3, 1873, was modified in 1891. There was expended under this project, prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1910, $115,500-$89,091.22 for new work and $26,408.78 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects, see Annual Report for 1915, page 1761. Existing project. This provides for a channel 5 feet deep at mean low water and 150 feet wide for about 3,400 feet from the bay to about 700 feet above the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad bridge, thence 100 feet wide for about 8,000 feet to about 1,200 feet below Lockwoods, and thence 70 feet wide for about 3,800 feet to about 300 feet above Fulton Avenue Bridge, a total length of about 3 miles. Mean tidal range, 7.1 feet; mean range of spring tides, 8.5 feet; extreme range of storm tides, about 12 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1921, is $119,000, exclusive of amounts ex- pended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 1250, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). For the latest published map see Annual Report for 1904, page 1017. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. In 1877 the lands necessary for a right of way, the value of which is not known, were secured to the United States by the State of New York. This right of way extended from a point some distance below the Boston Post Road up to a point about 3,000 feet above it. In 1894 a slip and basin were excavated and bulkheaded in the west shore of the creek immediately above the Boston Post Road, at a cost of about $50,000. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, 9 in number, with avail- able dockage of 2,575 feet, are located in the upper 3,500 feet of the projected improvement; none has railroad connections. One pub- licly owned terminal, with available dockage of 500 feet, is open to RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 149 the public; four, with available dockage of 475 feet, are privately owned; and four, with available dockage of 1,600 feet, are cor- porately owned, one of which, with available dockage of 1,250 feet, is open to the public. All terminals consist of solid fill behind a pile and timber bulkhead, and are located on or conveniently adjacent to paved streets in fair to good condition. One of the terminals open to the public, with available dockage of 1,250 feet, is in fair to poor condition; the publicly owned termi- nal is in fair condition; all others are in good condition. Local interests have in view the construction of one or two additional ter- minals to meet the increased demands of commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) East Chester Creek lies within the limits of the port dis- trict as recommended by the Port of New York Authority December 21, 1921. '(See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 190 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-Water terminals have been constructed along a section of the creek heretofore inaccessible to cargo-carrying vessels. This section is now used at high-water periods by vessels of up to 12 feet loaded draft. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Preliminaries for prosecuting work of dredging and rock removal by the use of Government plant were nearly completed. The expenditures, amount- ing to $1,105.77-$417.60 for new work and $688.17 for maintenance- were in payment of the cost of an examination of the channel and office expenses and contingencies. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 82 per cent completed. The last work of channel improvement and maintenance was completed in March, 1921. When examined in June, 1923, the controlling depth up to the railroad bridge was not less than the project, depth of 5 feet at mean low water; above this, up to Boston Road, 4 feet; thence up to Fulton Avenue Bridge, 3 feet; and thence to the head of the improvement, 1 foot. To com- plete the project the following work remains to be done: Widening the channel by dredging and rock removal for a short stretch be- tween the Pelham highway bridge and the railroad bridge, and about 1,800 feet below the bridge at Boston Post Road; and in dredg- ing about 700 feet of channel in the vicinity of Goose Island and 600 feet in length about one-fourth of a mile below Boston Post Road. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $109,439.42-$98,750.78 for new work and $10,688.64 for main- tenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the balance unex- pended June 30, 1923, amounting to $37,060.58, in continuing the im- provement by dredging and rock removal in the uncompleted sec- tions described under Condition at end of fiscal year and in dredging for maintenance mainly at and below the bridge at Boston Post Road and thence up to the head of the improvement. This work should result in providing a good through navigable channel. No funds are required for expenditure in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. 150 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, .U. S. ARMY, 1923. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of building materials, coal, and petroleum products. Comparative statement. 'Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918.......1............. 148, 744 $1,468,673 1921.................... 261, 883 3, 395,517 1919................. . 247, 214 1, 627, 363 1922................... 249, 327 2, 831,903 1920 ................ 182, 216 2, 461, 231 Passengers carried, none. The tonnage of 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent Usual limit Class of freight carried. of total draft of tonnage. vessel. Feet. Building materials ........................................ ........................ 24.3 6-10 Coal.... .... ...................................................... 51.4 5-9 Petroleum products ........................................... ......... . 19.2 4-12 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $43.01: New work----- ---- ----------------------------- $187, 842. 00 Maintenance ----------------- ----------------------- 37, 097. 42 Net total expended ---------------------------------- 224, 939. 42 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 262, 000.00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ $502.32 $746.04 $5,646.96 .............. $417.6C Expended for maintenance 1..... 95.33 495.42 5, 552. 47 143. 58 688.17 Total expended 1...... 597.65 1, 241.46 11, 199.43 143.58 1,105.77 Appropriated or allotted....... .............. 2,500.00 .............. 18, 000.00 20,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended_-_____---------------- $18,163. 50 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923 _________---20, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923___________ __-_ 2. 85 38, 166. 35 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year:' For new work -- $417. 60 For maintenance --------------- 688. 17 1,105. 77 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended. 46--------------------------- 37, 060. 58 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y.) DISTRICT. 151 5. WESTCHESTER CREEK, N. Y. (A5.) Location and description.-This creek lies wholly within the limits of Greater New York and extends northward 4 miles from an estuary in the north shore of East River, N. Y., situated 14 miles by water east of the Battery, New York City. The estuary varies from 500 to 3,000 feet in width and is about 1 mile long; the depths outside the dredged channel vary from 1 foot at the head of navigation, 11 miles above the mouth of the creek, to 6 feet at East River. The navigable section of the creek is tidal throughout its length and is from 110 feet to 500 'feet wide. A fixed bridge marks the head of navigation at Main Street in Westchester village, and a bascule bridge crosses the creek at Unionport, about 1 mile below the fixed bridge. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-So far as now known, it was not navigable beyond the site now occupied by the fixed bridge at Main Street. The mean low-water depth available for navigation was 31 feet through a channel varying in width from 20 feet to 80 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910. The total expenditures on this project prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1922 were $90,238.93-$77,181.64 for new work and $13,057.29 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 238 of Annual Re- port for 1921. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water, 100 feet wide for a length of 2,000 feet through the estuary; thence 80 feet wide for 3,000 feet; and thence 60 feet wide to the head of navigation at Fort Schuyler Road, a distance of 8,800 feet, with widening at bends, and with two turning basins, one near the upper end of the channel and another near the Unionport Bridge, a total length of about 2g miles. Mean tidal range, 6.8 feet; mean range of spring tides, 8.4 feet; extreme range of storm tides, about 13 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, made in 1922, is $475,000, and $2,500 annually for maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act ap- proved September 22, 1922 (H. Com. Doc. No. 8, 67th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is printed in House Document No. 370, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved September 22, 1922, provides that before entering upon the work local interests or other interested parties shall- (a) Furnish free of cost to the United States suitable and convenient areas, sufficient for the deposit of dredging necessary for the completion of the project. (b) Build at least one pier with available landings not less than 300 feet total length, to furnish two berths approximately 150 by 50 feet, or sufficient for the largest barges without encroaching upon the improved channel; to remove rock or other hard bottom in the bdrths to a depth 5 feet greater than that of the channel, so that a vessel entering at or near high tide may safely lie there while discharging cargo-; to assure that such pier or piers will either be public property or will be open to public use on equal and reasonable terms. 152 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. If only one pier is built, it shall be located not more than one-half mile below the head of navigation. (c) Furnish free of cost to the United States the necessary right of way across upland lying between the harbor lines, as established by the Secretary of War May 2, 1914. None of these provisions has yet been carried into effect. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, 14 in number, with avail- able dockage of 2,115 feet, are located-2 between the mouth and Unionport, 5 at Unionport, 1 about midway between Unionport and Westchester village, and 6 in the upper 750 feet of the projected channel; none has railroad connections. Two of the terminals with available dockage of 150 feet are publicly owned, 8 with available dockage of 1,335 feet are privately owned, and 4 with available dock- age of 630 feet are owned by corporations. Other details are as follows: 8 are of open pile construction, with earth slope in rear. 4 consist of solid fill behind timber bulkheads. 1 consists of open pile construction, with rubblestone bulkhead in rear. 1 consists of a pipe line resting on a small trestle. The facilities appear to be adequate. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) West- chester Creek lies within the limits of the port district as recom- mended by the Port of New York Authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities,.New York Harbor, p. 190 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-The draft of the largest vessels using the creek has increased, delays to water-borne commerce have been re- duced, and part of the water-borne commerce of Bronx River has been diverted to this stream pending the completion of the channel at that place. No work has yet been done under the existing project. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Preliminaries for prosecuting work of maintenance dredging by the use of Gov- ernment plant were nearly completed. The expenditures, amounting to $1,073.54, were in payment of the cost of an examination of the channel, office expenses and contingencies pertaining to the mainte- nance of the improvement, under the project of June 25, 1910. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done on the existing project. An examination made in June, 1923, showed that the controlling depth through a channel narrowed by material fall- ing in from side slopes was 7.5 feet at mean low water across the estuary up to about 1,000 feet below Unionport Bridge, and thence to the head of navigation, 6 feet. No expenditures have been made on the existing project. Proposed operations.-A considerable amount of shoaling has oc- curred throughout the length of the dredged channel. The unex- pended balance, amounting to $13,041.07, is not sufficient to cover the cost of removing all of the material forming the shoals. It is proposed, therefore, to expend the funds in dredging for maintenance in such localities as will result in the greatest benefit to navigation. TIhe conditions prescribed by Congress in adopting the existing project (see under Local cooperation) have not yet been fulfilled; accordingly, no funds are required for expenditure in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1 8 Commercial statistics.-The commerce of 1922 consisted mainly of building material, coal, petroleum products,, and ashes. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. ' 1918.................... 171,901 $1,001,882 1921.......................... 470,848 $922,780 1919.................... 126,218 617,490 1922................... 343,719 472,053 1920 ................... 264,442 1,029,719 Passengers carried, none. The increase in tonnage in 1921 was due mainly to the receipt of large quantities of ashes for filling purposes. The tonnage for 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual limit Usual limit Class of freight carried, of total ofdraft loaded of Class of freight carried. of total ofdraft loaded of tonnage. vessel. tonnage. vessel. Feet. Feet. Building material......... 1.4 6-10 Petroleum products ..... 1.9 5-10 Coal ..................... 11.8 6-10 Ashes .................... 84.3 6-10 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $27.15: New work---- ---------------------------------- $77, 181. 64 Maintenance-- ---------------------------------- 13, 057. 29 Net total expended ----------------------------------- 90, 238. 93 Total appropriations to date of this report ------------------- 103, 280. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.... ........... ........ ...... ........... .............. Expended for maintenance 1.. $308.54 $46.06 $300.82 8445.99 $1, 073.54 Appropriated or allotted............................. .............. 12,000.00 ......... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-------- ------------------ $14, 112. 56 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923----------------- 2. 05 14, 114. 61 June 30,1 1923, amount - - - -- - expended during fiscal year, for mainte- -- - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - - nance _ - - - - - - ___-- 1, 073. 54 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--------------- ----------- 13, 041. 07 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------------------------ 2 475, 000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 154 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 6. BRONX RIVER, N. Y. (A6.) Location and description.-This stream, about 15 miles long, flows in a general direction slightly west of south and empties into a shallow bay, 1 mile long and 300 to 4,500 feet wide in the north shore of East River, 11 miles by water east of the Battery, New York City. The navigable portion, which is tidal, varies in high-water width from 60 to 300 feet and extends 2 miles from the head of the bay to a dam at East One hundred and seventy-seventh Street, Bronx Borough, New York City. It is crossed by a highway bridge at Westchester Avenue, 1 miles above its mouth, and by a railroad bridge 600 feet farther upstream. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow and tortuous, wind- ing through a mud flat and obstructed by rocky ledges and mud shoals. The available mean low-water depth was 3.3 feet to West- chester Avenue, thence decreasing gradually until from East One hundred and seventy-sixth Street to the dam at the head of naviga- tion the bottom was bare at low water. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896. There was expended under this project, prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1913, $95,957.05-$69,035.72 for new work and $26,921.33 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects .see An- nual Report for 1915, page 1762. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water and a minimum bottom width of 100 feet, with widening at the bends, to extend from deep water in East River to the head of navigation at the dam at East One hundred and seventy- seventh Street, involving the first dredging from East River to Randall Avenue to a width of 200 feet; thence to Spofford Avenue, 150 feet; thence to Watson Avenue, 125 feet; thence to the railroad bridge near Westchester Avenue, 100 feet, except in the southern approach to the bridge, where it is to be 140 feet; and above the bridge 100 feet, with increase at bends where permissible, including a turning basin at the head of the improvement. It also provides for maintaining the channel excavated under the project adopted June 3, 1896, until the channel provided for under the existing project is open to traffic to the railroad bridge. The length of the section included in the project is about 31 miles. Mean tidal range, 7 feet in the estuary and about 6 feet at the head of navigation; mean range of spring tides, 8.4 and 6.4 feet (estimated), respectively. Irregular nontidal fluctuations, due mainly to wind direction and force, vary from about 3 feet below mean low water to about 10 feet above; while they are not of great frequency, commerce is adversely affected to a very appreciable extent during the periods of low tides, which are most frequent during the winter months. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1913, is $930,000, exclusive of the amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved esti- mate of annual cast of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 897, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1912, page 1470. Recommended modifications of project.-None. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 155 Local cooperation.-The existing project was adopted subject to the condition that any right of way necessary for the execution of the prdject should be furnished free of cost to the United States. Necessary preliminaries for the transfer of lands to the United States for right of way have been completed, and title to part of these lands, those situated below Westchester Avenue, has been vested in the United States. Under date of September 7, 1920, the deed from the city of New York conveying the land below Westchester Avenue to the United States was accepted by the Secretary of War. The lands needed for right of way above Westchester Avenue have not yet been transferred to the United States. The local authorities have expended $8,000 in the construction and maintenance of a public wharf, and local interests have expended $26,200 in removing from the vicinity of their wharves material from the channels included in the previous project for improvement by the United States. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, 1 in number, with avail- able dockage of 3,480 feet, are located-1 near the mouth of the river, 13 scattered along the west shore, and 1 on the east shore of the river between a point about 3,000 feet below the highway bridge at West- chester Avenue and the head of navigation; 1 has railroad connec- tions. One of the terminals, with available dockage of 75 feet, is publicly owned; 7, with available dockage of 1,865 feet, are privately owned; and 7, with available dockage of 1,540 feet, are owned by cor- porations. Other details are as follows: 1 with available dockage of 75 feet consists of open-pile construction with earth slope in rear. 4 with available dockage of 790 feet consist of solid fill behind timber bulkheads. 3 with available dockage of 795 feet consist of solid fill behind concrete bulkheads. .1 with available dockage of 400 feet consists of open-pile construction with solid fill behind timber bulkheads. 4 with available dockage of 875 feet consist of solid fill behind dry rub- blestone bulkhead in rear. 1 with available dockage of 225 feet consists of open-pile construction with solid fill behind concrete bulkhead in rear. 1 with available dockage of 320 feet consists of open-pile construction with solid fill behind dry rubblestone bulkhead in rear. The terminal facilities are deemed inadequate; it is probable the additional facilities needed will be provided when the improvement contemplated under the existing project has progressed sufficiently to warrant a reasonable return upon the capital invested. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Bronx River lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 190 of this report.) Effect of improvement.--A reduction in the cost of transportation and an increase in the amount of water-borne commerce have resulted from the work accomplished under the project adopted June 3, 1896. As the result of work done under the existing project vessels with cargoes consigned to terminals below the Westchester Avenue Bridge are loaded to full capacity. Operations and results during fiscae year.-Work under a contract entered into September 9, 1922, for dredging and rock removal in 156 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. extension northward of the improvement from the point (600 feet below Westchester Avenue Bridge) to which it had been carried under a contract completed in June, 1922, was commenced September 23, 1922, and was still in progress at the close of the fiscal year. As a result of this work about 115 feet of channel had been excavated through uplands to full project width and depth. The expenditures, including the cost of engineering and superintendence, amounted to $52,489.02. Bowlders and fragments of rock obstructing navigation in the river outside of the area included in the above contract were removed under informal agreement with the contractor. The expenditures, includ- ing the cost of engineering and superintendence, amounted to $380.41. Specifications were prepared for extending the channel up to West- chester Avenue Bridge by dredging and rock removal. The expenditures during the year amounted to $97,873.94-$97,- 672.93 for new work and $201.01 for maintenance-and were in pay- ment of contractor's earnings in prosecuting the above-described work, of the cost of a survey, and of office expenses and contin- gencies. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 47 per cent of the existing project has been completed. The channel provided for under the existing project has been excavated to project dimensions from deep water in the East River up to within about 500 feet of the bridge at Westchester Avenue, except at three points where uplands project slightly into channel limits; thence to the head of the projected im- provement no work has been done. As shown by an examination of the channel made in June, 1923, the dredged channel has been nar- rowed by material entering it from side slopes, and the controlling depth from East River up to within 3,000 feet below Randall Avenue is 8 feet at mean low water; thence up to within 600 feet below West- chester Avenue the controlling depth was 7 feet; thence to thg gas works, 2.5 feet for widths varying from 30 to 50 feet; above this the depth gradually decreases up to just below the head of the projected improvement at and above which point the bottom of the river is exposed at low water. The section excavated through uplands below Westchester Avenue Bridge under the contract now in force will not be available for navigation until the work of excavation has been completed up to the bridge. To complete the project requires the removal of small areas of upland which project into channel limits at three points between the mouth of the river and Spofford Avenue and extension of the improvement upstream from the point to which it had been carried on June 30, 1923. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $454,552.28-$439,045.92 for new work and $15,506.36 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the balance un- expended from previous appropriations, amounting to $347,990.67, in prosecuting work of improvement, by dredging and rock re- moval, immediately below Westchester Avenue Bridge, by the re- moval by dredging of three points between the mouth of the river and Westchester Avenue which project slightly into channel limits, and in dredging for maintenance. It is expected that this work will result in completing all new work required under the project below Westchester Avenue Bridge and will remove part of the shoaling RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 157 which has taken place in the channel above Westchester Avenue and in the section dredged below Garrison Avenue. Title to the lands needed for right of way above Westchester Avenue Bridge has not yet been vested in the United States; there- fore, no new work by dredging and rock removal is proposed for the year 1925. A considerable amount of shoaling, however, has occurred in the channel already dredged below Westchester Avenue Bridge, particularly in the inlet section where the available depth is now 8 feet or less. In order to make this section of the improve- ment available for the commerce transacted at terminals below West- chester Avenue, it is proposed to restore this section of the channel to project width and depth by dredging in the fiscal year 1925. The sum of $25,000, including the cost of engineering, superintendence, and contingencies, can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, in dredging for maintenance. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of building materials and coal. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 191............................ 381,713 $3 046,629 1921.................... 417,853 $1,914,161 1919....................... 980, 090 2, 181,341 1922.................... 342,040 1,832,774 1920 ...................... 849,980 2,551,730 Passengers carried, none. The comparatively low tonnage of 1918 was due mainly to a lack of demand for building material. The low tonnages of 1921 and 1922, as compared with the two previous years, is due to the discontinuance of receipts of ashes for filling purposes. The tonnage of 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent Usual limit Class of freight carried, of total draft of tonnage. vessel. Feet. Building materials .. ................................................... 55.0 5-12 Coal ...................................................... 44. 2 6-12 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2,122.01: New work-- ----------------------------------- $508, 081. 64 Maintenance--- __-- ----------------------------------- 42, 427. 69 Net total expended --------------------------------- 550, 509. 33 Total appropriations to date of this report- -- 898, 500. 00 158 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 . .. .. . . . Expended for new work $1, 740. 80 $5, 392. 71 $5, 251.41 $197, 173. 64 $97, 672.93 Expended for maintenance l .................................. 23.67 201.01 Total expended .......... 1,740. 80 5, 392. 71 5, 251.41 197, 197. 31 97,873. 94 Appropriated or allotted..................................................... 322,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--- ------------------ $123, 858. 41 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 192311111111111111111111111111111 280, 000.00 Amount alloted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922_ - - __ - - - -- 42, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923------------- 6.20 445, 864. 61 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year : For new work ..-------------- $97, 672. 93 For maintenance __ 201. 01 97, 873. 94 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -------------------- 347, 990. 67 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities- ------------- $15, 120. 70 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts______------- ------- 49, 403. 43 64, 524. 13 July 1, 1923, balance available ------------------------- - 283, 466. 54 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 1---------------------------- 143, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance ------------------------- '25, 2 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3,952.87: New work------------------------------- $1, 115, 759. 77 Maintenance-------------- ------------------------- 128, 385. 42 Net total expenged -------------------- 1, 244, 145. 19 Total appropriations to date of this report --------------- 1,695, 684. 06 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work ........ $2,243. 12 $6, 138. 75 $10,898.37 $197,177.94 $99, 376.67 Expended for maintenance 1..... 493. 37 750. 92 6,247. 94 1, 039. 06 2, 939. 01 Total expended 1.............2, 736. 49 6, 889. 67 17, 146. 31 198, 217. 00 102, 315. 68 Appropriated or allotted......... ......... ... 2,500.00 ............. 60, 000.00 367,000.00 rceits rom ale, 1 No deuctng ec. Excusie o avalabe fnds 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1 Not deducting receipts from salesl etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 159 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------- ----------------- $188, 041. 45 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923 __325, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922 000. 00 4------------------------- Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 ----- _------.. 13. 10 555, 054. 55 Deduction on account of amount transferred to East River, N. Y__ 1, 200. 00 1 553, 854. 55 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work-------------------- $99, 376. 67 For maintenance-------------- 2, 939. 01 102, 315. 68 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_ .... __----------,___-- 451, 538. 87 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities- ------------ 15, 252.84 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 49, 403. 43 64, 656. 27 July 1, 1923, balance available, including $19,730.42 available only for maintenance- _ .......----------------------- -_ 386, 882. 60 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -------------------------------------- 733, 500. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 : For new work---------- ----------------------------- 15,000. 00 For maintenance ------------------------------------ ' 000. 00 225, Total ------------------------------------------- 40, 000. 00 7. NEW ROCHELLE HARBOR, N. Y. Location and description.-This harbor is situated in the north shore of Long Island Sound about 23 miles east of the Battery, New York City, and about 2 miles on southerly and westerly courses from Echo Bay Harbor. It lies about 1 miles overland from the business center of New Rochelle, N. Y. The main entrance channel lies be- tween Davenport Neck and Glen Island. A second entrance channel lies between Glen Island and Hunters Island. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-The channel is narrow and interspersed with sunken reefs, which make it dangerous for navigation; the depth in the channel varies from 0 to 8 feet at mean low water. (See under Condition at end of fiscal year.) Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881. Under this project a channel was excavated around the south end of Glen Island 8 feet deep at mean low water, 100 feet wide, and about 1,600 feet long, connecting deep water between Glen Island and. the mainland with deep water in Long Island Sound; a reef at the entrance was removed to a depth of 7.5 feet at mean low water, and Corning Rock, between Davids and Goose Islands, was removed to 12 feet depth at mean low water. This project was completed in 1890 at a cost of $43,174.79, all for new work. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1637--ENG 1923-11 160 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep at mean low water, 120 feet wide and about 3,400 feet long, extending from the deep-water channel between Glen Island and Davenport Neck up to a point about 300 feet below a dam at the head of navigation in the vicinity of Leland Avenue, New Rochelle, N. Y. 'Mean tidal range, 7.3 feet; mean range of spring tides, 8.6 feet; extreme range of storm tides, about 12 feet (estimated). Estimated cost for new work, made in 1921, $35,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. Estimated cost of annual maintenance, made in 1921, $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. No. 110, 67th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved September 22, 1922, provides that local interests furnish free of cost to the United States suitable dumping grounds properly protected by bulkheads or, in lieu thereof, to pay the additional cost of disposing of the material at an outside dumping ground. By resolution adopted May 22, 1923, the city of New Rochelle undertakes to meet these requirements. Terminal facilities.-Waterterminals, eight in number, with avail- able dockage of 1,200 feet, are situated mainly along the shore be- tween the dam in New Rochelle Creek and the main entrance channel. The land approaches thereto are macadamized and in excellent con- dition. Of these terminals one is devoted solely to passenger traffic and two are devoted to passenger and freight traffic of Glen Island; one to Fort Slocum traffic; three to the handling of coal, lumber, and other bulk freight; and one, a public wharf, has not been used in recent years because of lack of water caused by shoaling. Like con- ditions, but to a less extent, exist at the other wharves, also at a shipbuilding yard where it is said vessels of substantial size were built when 8 feet and over was available at low tide. None of the terminals has rail connections. They are of open pile, stone, or stone and timber bulkhead construction. Two of the privately owned wharves, devoted to bulk freight, are open to the public on equal terms and the city authorities are prepared to repair the public wharf if more water is made available. Under present conditions as to depth of water available for commerce the terminal facilities are inadequate, but it is believed that upon the completion of the work proposed under the existing project and of the proposed repairs to the publicly owned wharf they will meet all present demands of commerce. New Rochelle Harbor lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority Decem- ber 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, p. 190 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-No work has yet been done under the existing project. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Specifications for dredging were in preparation preliminary to advertising for bids. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has ever been done by the United States in the section of New Rochelle Harbor in which the proposed new channel lies. The depth through a narrow and RIVERS AND fARBORS--FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 161 winding channel varies from 6.7 feet at its junction with deep water between Glen Island and Davenport Neck to about 2 feet at the head of the proposed improvement. Proposed operations.-The city of New Rochelle by resolution adopted on May 22, 1923, undertakes to provide areas convenient for the disposal of dredging by pipe-line dredges, or in lieu thereof pay the additional cost of disposing of the material at an outside dump- ing ground. This resolution has been accepted as a pledge of the good faith of the city to meet the requirements of the project. Speci- fications will be prepared and bids for the work will be requested by advertisement but no contract will be entered into until the dumping grounds have been actually furnished or the funds deposited by local interests as required by law. The necessary allotment will be made from funds appropriated by War Department appropriation act of March 2, 1923. No additional funds are required for expenditure in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.--The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of coal and building materials. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1920 ................................................. 80,720 $1,168,706........... 921 .......................................................... 114,305 598,899 i60,000) 1922................. .. ....................... ........ 81,902 776,462 136,192 The comparatively high tonnage of 1921 was due to large receipts of sand, crushed stone, ashes, and coal. The tonnage of 1922 was carried in vessels loaded to the drafts shown in the following table: Per cent SPer Usual limit of loaded Class of freight carried. of total draft of tonnage. vessel. Feet. Coal .................... .... ........ ....... ............. . 29.7 8-10 Building material....... ........................... ....................... 61.2 6-10 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work---------------------------------- ---------------- $43, 174. 7 Maintenance--------------------------------- Total appropriations to date of this report----------------------- 43, 174. 79 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work .................................. ........................ Expended for maintenance..... ......... ..... ..... ........... ..................................... Appropriated or allotted.......................... ........ .......................... Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project----------- - - ----- -- $35, 000. 00 162 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 8. HARBOR AT FLUSHING BAY,. N. Y, Location and description.-This is an indentation of the north shore of Long Island, within the limits of New York City, 12 miles by water northeast of the Battery. The bay, which is entered from East River, is 2 miles in length, and varies in width from 300 feet to 1.4 miles. Flushing Creek is a tidal stream, about 3 miles long, which flows in a northerly direction and empties into the head of Flushing Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Originalcondition.-A channel 9 feet deep at mean low water and 100 to 600 feet wide extended for a distance of 0.4 of a mile from deep water in East River. From the head of this channel south- ward to within 750 feet of the mouth of Flushing Creek a more or less uniform depth of 4.5 feet at mean low water existed throughout the bay; the depths in Flushing Creek varied from 0 to 5 feet and the widths varied from 40 to 300 feet. The head of navigation was and is about 6,000 feet south of the mouth of the creek. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879, and was modified September 19, 1888, June 9, 1891, and March 2, 1907 (Annual Reports for 1889, p. 730; 1892, p. 723; 1907, p. 129). There was expended under this modified project, prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1914, $178,900; it is not possible to state what portion was for maintenance, but it has been estimated at $30,247.46, and for new work, $148,652.54. For further details of previous projects, see page 1772 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.--The existing project provides for dredging a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide from the 10-foot contour in the bay to the Broadway Bridge; thence 7 feet deep to the Main Street Bridge, narrowing in width uniformly from 200 feet at the Broadway Bridge to 160 feet at Main Street Bridge; and "for construction of about 1,500 linear feet of new dike, recon- struction of 1,600 linear feet of old dike, repair of 2,765 linear feet of old dike, and removal of 375 linear feet of old dike. The length of the section included in the present project is about 15,000 feet-- about 5,000 feet in the creek and about 10,000 feet in the bay. Mean tidal range, 7.1 feet; mean range of spring tides, 8 feet; extreme range of storm tides, about 12 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1910, is $235,700, exclusive of amounts expended un- der previous projects. The latest (1910) approved estimate for an- nual cost of maintenance is $5,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, in accordance with a report published in House Docu- ment No. 1333, Sixty-first Congress, third session. For latest pub- lished map, see Annual Report for 1914, page 1746. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The project as adopted provides for the ces- sion free of cost to the United States of such lands as are required for a new channel, as provided in report printed in House Document No. 1333, Sixty-first Congress, third session, pages 14 and 17. The lands have been ceded to the United States by deed dated December 22, 1922. Title to these lands has not yet been approved by the Attorney General. RIVERS AND HADBORS---RST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 163 During the fiscal year 1916 the Degnon Realty & Terminal Im- provement Co., working on a private enterprise under a permit issued by this department, dredged the Government channel for a distance of 600 linear feet with a depth of 30 feet at mean low water, the dredged material being pumped on near-by marshes on the shore. About 500 feet of the channel was partially excavated along one side. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, 17 in number, with avail- able dockage of 4,994 feet, are located--16 along the east shore and 1 on the west shore of the creek-between Main Street Bridge and College Point; 2 of these, with 650 feet of available dockage, have rail connection; 6 with available dockage of 2,119 feet, privately owned, and 3 with available dockage of 1,000 feet, corporately owned; are subject to public use under lease. Ten of the terminals, totaling 2,819 feet of available dockage, have mechanical appliances for handling cargoes. All are of pile construction in good condition except 3, with 950 feet of available dockage, classed as in poor con- dition. Seven with available dockage of 1,625 feet are corporately owned; all others are privately owned. The highway connections range from unpaved driveways up to paved highways in good con- dition. The terminals appear to be adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Flushing Bay lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority Decem- ber 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 190 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-As a result of the improvement a large portion of the traffic which was formerly limited to navigation at high-water periods has been enabled to make use of the channel below Main Street Bridge at any stage of tide, and vessels of deeper draft are now able to utilize the channels. Traffic through the draws of Main Street Bridge is limited in time to high-water periods. This bridge is to be replaced by one that will meet the requirements of navigation. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Preliminaries for prosecuting work of dredging were completed. Active op- erations are awaiting the results of an examination, now being made, as to sufficiency of title to lands ceded to the United States. (See under Local cooperation, preceding.) The expenditures, amounting to $1,706.81-$153.58 for new work and $1,553.23 for maintenance- were in payment of the cost of a survey, office expenses, and con- tingencies. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 35 per cent completed. The channel has been excavated to project dimensions from the 10-foot contour in the bay up to Broadway Bridge; no work has yet been done above the bridge. A total of 4,663 linear feet of pile and stone dike was constructed under the project of 1879, but a large portion of it has been carried away entirely and the remainder has greatly deteriorated. An examination of the dredged channel below Broadway Bridge was made in 1919 and between Broadway and Main Street Bridges in May, 1922. These examina- tions showed that below Broadway Bridge the controlling depth was about 8 feet at mean low water near the inner end of the dike; else- where it was 10 feet, but for some distance below the bridge the 164 REPORT OF CHIEF OF iENGINEERSi U. S. ARMY, 1923. channel had been narrowed considerably by material entering it from side slopes. Between Broadway and Main Street Bridges the controlling depth was 7 feet through a winding channel of insufficient width for safe navigation. To complete the project some dike work is needed and all the dredging between Broadway and Main Street Bridges. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $71,503.77-$60,395.69 for new work and $11,108.08 for mainte- nance. Proposed operations.-Title to lands ceded to the United States (see under Local cooperation) is awaiting approval by the United States Attorney General. When approved, it is proposed to expend the unexpended balance on June 30, 1923, amounting to $59,484.90 in extending the channel up to the head of the projected improve- ment at Main Street Bridge by dredging and to prosecute necessary maintenance work between East River and Broadway Bridge. These funds are sufficient to cover the cost of this work. No funds are requested for expenditure during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of building materials, coal, ashes, and cellar dirt. All traffic passes through the improved channel. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918 .................... 335,801 $1,251,323 1921...................... 1, 456, 888 $2,056,088 1919 .................. 1, 413, 466 1,140, 393 1922 1,231,034 2,176,692 1920 560 1...................... 1,613, 1, 468,151 Passengers carried, none. The increase in the value of the tonnage of 1922 as compared with the previous year is due to the handling of larger quantities of commodities of high value. The tonnage of 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent Usual limit Class of freight carried. of total draft of tonnage. vessel. Feet. Building material ..................................................... 16.6 4-10 Coal ...... ..... ................................... . 4.1 6-13 Ashes and cellar dirt ................ .................................. 72.5 6- 9 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $47.55: New work ----------------------------------------- $209, 048.23 Maintenance 41, 355. 54 Net total expended ------------- --- 250, 403. 77 Total appropriations to date of this report--- -------------- 309, 888. 67 RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 165 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 ...... . . . . . . . .. . . .. . .. . . Expended for new work 1 ... .. 1,176.02 $153.58 Expended for maintenance 1..... $293.44 - $78.51 $1,299.28 1,474.70 1,553. 23 Total expended 1.......... . 293. 44 78. 51 1, 299.28 2, 650.72 1, 706. 81 Appropriatedor allotted ...................... ............................................ .............. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-------------------------------$75, 901. 49 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923------------ . 55 1----- 75, 903. 04 Deduction on account of amount carried to the surplus fund of the Treasury ---------------------------------------------14, 711. 33 61, 191. 71 June 30, 1928, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work -------------------------------$153. 58 For maintenance 553. 23 1----------------------------, 1, 706. 81 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ---------------------------- 59, 484. 90 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-------------------------- 17. 78 July 1, 1923, balance available------------------------------ 59, 467. 12 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------ ------------------- 115, 800. 00 9. HEMPSTEAD HARBOR, N. Y. Location and description.-This is an indentation of the north shore of Long Island, 25 miles by water northeast of the Battery, New York City, and 13 miles southwest of Stamford Harbor, Conn. The harbor is divided by a narrow neck of sand, Bar Beach, into an outer harbor 3 miles long, and varying in width from 2 miles at the outer end to half a mile at the inner end, and an inner harbor one-half mile wide and 2 miles long. The section under improve- ment by the United States lies entirely within the inner harbor. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Originalcondition.-A channel 90 to 350 feet wide and 6 feet deep at mean low water extended from the outer harbor about a mile up the inner harbor to a point opposite Ward's wharf. Thence the depth gradually diminished to zero at the Roslyn Town Wharf, a distance of 0.6 mile; thence to the head of navigation at the dam at Hicks mill, in the village of Roslyn, the bottom was exposed at low water. At high water boats of shallow draft carried lumber and coal to within a short distance of the Hicks milldam. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide from the entrance to a point opposite Ward's wharf, a distance of about 5,600 feet; thence 80 feet wide to the Rosyln Town Wharf, a distance of about 3,200 feet; and thence 50 to 70 feet wide to the head of navigation, a dis- tance of about 1,700 feet. Total length of channel included in the 1 Nt fom ale, tc. dducingreeips 'Exlusve f vaiabl fuds deducting receipts from sals, etc. 2 Excluslivea of avtailable funds. 1 Not 166 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. project is 2 miles. Mean tidal range, 7.2 feet; mean range of spring tides, 8.6 feet; .extreme range of storm tides, 12 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1910, is $47,000. The latest (1910) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 1, 61st Cong., 2d sess.), There is no published map. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor acts of June 25, 1910, and February 27, 1911, required that a suitable dumping ground for the material dredged be furnished by local interests free of cost. The required disposal areas were furnished. The town of North Hempstead reconstructed the Roslyn Town Wharf and erected an additional public wharf at the head of navigation at a cost of $2,970.48, and expended $9,100 in the construction of sod-retaining bulkheads for the excavated materials, making a total of $12,070.48. The funds were derived from local taxation. The village of Roslyn converted a part of the disposal area into a public park. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, 9 in number, with available dockage of 2,700 feet, are located-8 along the east shore of the harbor from Glen Cove to Roslyn and 1 on the west shore; none has railroad connection. Five, with available dockage of 900 feet, are open to the public, and 3, with available dockage of 1,400 feet, have mechanical appliances for handling cargo. Two are owned by the town, 6 are privately owned, and 1 is corporately owned. Six have macadam highway connection; the remaining 3 have connec- tions in fair to good condition, but not paved. All are either of open pile or of timber and pile bulkhead construction. The facilities are adequate for existing commerce, which is local, and there is ample water front, both public.and private, for extensions as needs arise. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc.No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-No reduction in freight rates as a result of the improvement has been reported, but local interests state that facilities for receiving coal, building and road materials, etc., have been greatly improved. Operations and result8 during fiscal year.-None; dredging for maintenance was not urgently necessary. The expenditures, amount- ing to $89.60, were in payment of office expenses and contingencies pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1913. No work of maintenance dredging has been done since 1916. The controlling depth at mean low water, as determined by sound- ings taken in June, 1920, was 4.5 feet. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $51,410.09; $39,468.11 for new work and $11,941.98 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The channel is subject to gradual shoaling but is still serviceable. The balance unexpended on June 30, 1923, amounting to $89.91, will be expended in such minor work of mainte- nance as may be urgently necessary and can be accomplished at a small cost, and in the payment of office expenses and contingencies. No funds for expenditure in the fiscal year 1925 are required. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of 1922 consisted mainly of sand and gravel shipped to New York City from screening and wash- RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 167 ing plants on the west side of the harbor, building materials and coal. These are typical of preceding years, and all have been benefited by the improvement, but the main tonnage, sand and gravel, does not have to pass through the inner part of the dredged channel, which has cost more than the outer part. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918..................... 2,008349 $1, 001,000 1921.................... 2,503,786 $3,036,327 1919...................... 072,685 3, 048,314 1922...................... 3,980,779 4, 842, 007 1920 .................. 2, 768, 211 3,497 364 Passengers carried, none. The increase in volume of tonnage in 1922 as compared with pre- vious years is due to increased amount of sand shipped during the year. The tonnage for 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent Usual limit Class of freight carried. of total draft of tonnage. vessel. Feet. Building material ........... .................... .... ...................... 1.5 4-12 Sand and gravel ... .................................................. 97.3 5-10 Coal .............................................. 1.3 5-12 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $9.22: New work ------------------------------------------ $39, 468. 11 Maintenance -------------- -------------------------- 11,941. 98 Net total expended ---------------------------------- 51, 410. 09 Total appropriations to date of this report---- ---------------- 51, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.......... ............................ ............ Expended for maintenance 1..... I11.60 $55.26 $24.02 $34.96 $89.60 Appropriated or allotted......... ........ 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------------ $679. 51 Deduction on account of amount transferred to East River, N. Y . 500. 00 -- 179. 51 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance-. 89. 60 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended _--- ------------------ -------- 89. 91 168 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 10. HUNTINGTON HARBOR, N. Y. Location and description.-This is an indentation of the north shore of Long Island, 40 miles northeast of the Battery, New York City, and 8 miles southeast of Stamford Harbor, Conn. Huntington Harbor is a landlocked arm of Huntington Bay, about 2 miles long, with widths varying from 300 to 2,000 feet. The section under improvement extends from near Ketchams Dock, in Huntington Harbor, to the Old Town Dock at Halesite, N. Y., a distance of about 2,400 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Originalcondition.-The harbor varied in width from 300 to 1,500 feet and in depth from 0 to 19 feet at mean low water. A channel having a least depth of 8 feet and varying in width from 150 to 1,300 feet, existed from Huntington Bay southward for a distance of about 1.5 miles. South of this point no channel existed, and depths decreased rapidly to Halesite, a distance of about 0.4 mile. Much of the bottom was exposed at low water. The head of naviga- tion, marked by a dam and causeway, situated about 1,000 feet above Halesite, could be reached only by rowboats at high tide. A bar 3 feet below mean low water obstructed the entrance. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 10, 1872. It was completed in 1873 at a cost of $22,500. The records do not permit separating maintenance ex- penditures from the total. For further details of previous projects see page 1772 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 8 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide from the 8-foot contour in Huntington Bay about 1,100 feet north of Sands Point on Eatons Neck to the Old Town Dock, with a turning basin 200 feet wide and with a protecting dike on the west side if necessary. The length of the section included in the project is about 9,100 feet. Mean tidal range, 7 feet; mean range of spring tides, 8.7 feet; extreme range of storm tides, about 12 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1885, is $32,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890 (H. Ex. Doc. No. 200, 48th Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see House Document No. 827, Sixty-first Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. Dumping grounds for materials dredged during the fiscal year 1916 were furnished by private persons and local interests, free of cost to the United States. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, six in number, with avail- able dockage of 1,172 feet, are located-two at the head of naviga- tion and four scattered along the east shore of the harbor within the limits of the improved channel. None has railroad connection. Three with available dockage of 640 feet are privately owned, two with available dockage of 457 feet are corporately owned, and one with available dockage of 75 feet is owned by a yacht club. One with available dockage of 150 feet is open to the public, and two with available dockage of 650 feet can be used by permission of the owner. Three with available dockage of 957 feet have mechanical appliances for handling cargoes. Other details are as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 169 1 with available dockage of 75 feet consists of a stone bulkhead. 2 with available dockage of 215 feet consist of open-pile construction with concrete bulkhead in rear. 1 with available dockage of 307 feet is an open-pile wharf. 1 with available dockage of 500 feet consists of a concrete bulkhead with fender piles. 1 with available dockage of 75 feet consists of a pile bulkhead with solid fill in rear. Approaches to terminals are by country roads, generally well kept and in good condition. The town of Huntington owns the greater part of the water front, and several of the private terminals are built on lands leased from the town. These terminals are sufficient for the commerce of the harbor. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has opened possibilities for commerce that could not have existed otherwise. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None; there were no funds available. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1904. No work of maintenance dredging has been done since 1916. A channel 200 feet wide was dredged in lieu of the projected chan- nel 100 feet wide to be protected by a pile dike; the dike was never built, the purpose for which it was intended having been accom- plished by dredging to the greater width. The turning basin at the Old Town Dock was made 230 feet wide. When examined by sounding in June, 1920, the controlling depth was about 9 feet through a channel which has been reduced in width to about 50 feet by inflow of mud. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $53,416.19-$29,489.06 for new work and $23,927.13 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-None, as no funds are available. The chan- nel appears to meet all urgent demands of navigation. No funds for expenditure in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, are required. Comnmercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of building material, coal, and manure. Practically the whole of the commerce of the harbor passes through the improved channel. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918 .............. ....... 25, 599 $170, 809 1921 ..................... 43,912 $224, 568 1919..................... 20,462 139,757 1922...... ............... 27,394 202,088 1920..................... 30,996 193, 300 Passengers carried, none. The tonnage for 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent Usual limit of loaded Class of freight carried, of total draft of tonnage. vessel. Feet. Building material........................ .................. . 51.9 4-10 Coal... ........................................................... 29.1 8 Maiure ..................................................................... 4. 9 9 170 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Financial summay. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2.80: New work--------------------------------------$51, 989. 06 Maintenance -- ------------- 23, 927. 13 Net total expended--------------------- ------- 75,916.19 Total appropriations to date of this report--....7----------------5, 916. 19 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........ Expended for maintenance................................................ Appropriated orallotted .......................... ................................ ... 11. PORT JEFFERSON HARBOR, N. Y. Location and description.-This is an indentation of the north shore of Long Island, about 56 miles by water east of the Battery, New York City, and 13.5 miles southeast of Bridgeport Harbor, Conn. It is about 1.75 miles long and averages 0.75 mile wide. The entrance is protected by jetties, one on either side of the channel, which latter is about 0.5 mile long and 200 feet wide. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-In its original condition the depth at mean low water over the outer bar was 4 to 5 feet. From the outer bar to the harbor proper, depths of 6 feet or more existed at mean low water, with widths of 125 to 300 feet. In the harbor proper, depths: of 12 feet or more were found as far south as the village of Port Jefferson, about 2 miles from the entrance. The head of navigation was and is at the village. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871, and was modified in 1875 and 1877. The amount expended on this modified project prior to the com- mencement of work under the existing project in 1891 was $80,200. Funds spent for improvement can not be accurately separated from those for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1771 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel through the entrance 200 feet wide and 12 feet deep at mean low water, for repairing and enlarging two riprap jetties built under the previous project, and for extending the east jetty to the 21-foot curve. The length of channel included in the project is about 2,600 feet, the length of the west jetty is 940 feet, and the projected length of the east jetty about 1,900 feet. Mean tidal range at entrance channel, 6.2 feet, and at Port Jefferson, 6.4 feet; mean range of spring tides, 7.3 feet and 7.5 feet, respectively; extreme range of storm tides, 12 feet (estimated). The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1889, is $145,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $600. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for a channel RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 171 10 feet deep and 200 feet wide; the act of August 18, 1894, provided for a channel " 12 feet in depth at mean low water in Port Jefferson Inlet and Harbor." (Annual Report for 1889, p. 751.) For latest published map see page 866 of Annual Report, 1903. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, three in number, with avail 2 able dockage of 1,625 feet, are located at and near the head of navi- gation. One, in fair condition, with available dockage of 250 feet, is privately owned, and two, in good condition, with available dockage of 1,375 feet, are corporately owned. Two, with available dockage of 875 feet, are open to the public, and one, with available dockage of 250 feet, has mechanical appliances for handling cargoes. None has rail connection. All are of open pile construction. The terminals appear to be adequate for existing commerce. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Boats which now make regular trips to and from the harbor at all stages of the tide would under former conditions have been forced to wait for high tides before entering or leaving. On the north shore of Long Island, between Huntington Harbor and Plum Gut, Port Jefferson is the only harbor having a depth of more than 7 feet at mean low water. It is used as a harbor of refuge by a few vessels, but the actual number can not be ascer- tained. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Dredging for maintenance was not necessary. The expenditures, amounting to $95.26, were in payment of expenses incurred in connection with a public hearing on proposed excavation of building sand under permit from the War Department, and of office expenses and contingencies pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 67 per cent com- pleted. The channel, completed in 1903, has been deepened from an original depth of 4 feet to a depth of 12 feet at mean low water and width of over 200 feet. The east jetty has been built to about four- fifths its projected length and the west jetty to full length but in- complete width and height; these jetties have aided materially in maintaining the required width and depth of the dredged channel lying between them. No work of improvement or maintenance has been prosecuted since 1909. The controlling depth as determined by soundings taken in April, 1920, was 12.5 eet at mean low water. The work remaining to be done to complete the project consists in completing the jetties to project dimensions. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $99,719.09-$91,226.71 for new work and $8,492.38 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to spend the balance unex- pended on June 30, 1923, amounting to $133.06, in the payment of office expenses and contingencies. The channel appears to meet all demands of navigation and to be self-maintaining, and the jetties appear to serve the purpose for which constructed. So far:as can now be foreseen, no field work or maintenance will be necessary within the next two years. No funds for expenditure during the fiscal year ending June 80, 1925, are required. 172 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, UT. S. ARMY, 1923. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of building material and foodstuffs. All commerce passes through the improved channel. Comparative statement. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar Shorttons. Value. Passengers. 1918.......... 10, 351 $1,121, 634 52,324 1921.......... 152,839 $2,998,208 54,743 1919.......... 12, 490 985,349 44, 040 1922.......... 187658 754,387 1920........... 59386 286, 033 62,726 Regular trips are made by steamers carrying freight, passengers, and vehicles between Port Jefferson, N. Y., and Bridgeport, Conn. This steamer carried passengers and 7,107 vehicles during the year. The new ferry which operated between Port Jefferson and Bridge- port during the year 1920 has been discontinued. A large number of pleasure boats are stored in the harbor during the winter months and many small fishing craft use the harbor the year round. The decrease in value of tonnage in 1920 as compared with pre- vious years is due to the low grade of material which comprised the greater part of the tonnage for that year. Building sand is excavated with a dredge in the harbor near the entrance channel. The large increase of tonnage in 1921 and again in 1922 was due to the large amount of sand dredged. The decrease in the value of the tonnage of 1922 is due to the fact that automobiles carried on the Bridgeport-Port Jefferson steamers which were formerly classed as tonnage and given a value are now shown with passengers carried. This is considered a more appropriate classification. The tonnage of 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent Usual limit Class of freight carried, of total draft of tonnage. vessel. Feet. 21.1 Building material .......................................................... 4-10 .... ............................ Foodstuffs..................................... 1.8 4-10 Sand................................. ...... ................. ............... 76.9 4-10 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $4.20: New work ..-----.. --------------------------------- $171, 426. 71 Maintenance ----------------------------------- ------ 8, 492. 38 Net total expended---------------------------------- 179, 919. 09 Total appropriations to date of this report.- --- ------- 180,052. 15 RIVERS AND HARBORS FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 173 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 . . . . ... . Expended for new work......... . . . . . ..... . .. ............ ......... ...... ... Expended for maintenance 1 $27.78 $99.07 $144. 83 $95. 26 Appropriated or allotted...................... ............ ......... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended- ------------- -- _------- $228. 32 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 95. 26 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------ ------------------ 133. 06 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project--- -- ------------------------------ 53, 600. 00 12. MATTITUCK HARBOR, N. Y. Location and description.-This is a tidal inlet on the north shore of Long Island 85 miles east of the Battery, New York City, and 24 miles southeast of New Haven Harbor, Conn., extending southward about 21 miles to the village .of Mattituck. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.--In its natural condition a channel with shift- ing entrance and varying in width from 80 to 240, feet and in depth from 0 to 12 feet at mean low water existed from Long Island Sound to a tide milldam with gates about 1 mile south of the mouth of the inlet. The head of navigation was and is at the village of Mattituck. Above the milldam the elevation of water surface depended on the operation of the sluice gates; when the gates were closed the con- trolling high-water depth was about 5 feet. If the dam were re- moved, this depth would be reduced a foot or more. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep at mean low water from Long Island Sound to the milldam (removed in 1913 and replaced by a bridge with a draw span) and 7 feet deep at mean high water from the milldam to the village, with two riprap jetties at the entrance, providing a width of 100 feet there and 80 feet thence to the village, a total length of about 11,500 feet. Mean tidal range at entrance 4.8 feet and about 3.5 feet at Mattituck; mean range of spring tides at entrance 5.3 feet; extreme range of storm tides aboiut 9 feet (estimated). The latest (1911) approved estimate of cost for new work, including the cost of maintenance up to June 30, 1909, was $176,700. (See Annual Report for 1909, pp. 133-134; also An- nual Report for 1911, p. 195.) The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896 (Annual Report for 1891, p. 843). No map of the harbor is printed. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, provided: That no part of this appropriation shall be expended for the improvement of the harbor at Mattituck above the milldam until the local authorities shall have replaced the existing dam and bridge by a bridge with suitable draw spans. SExclusive of available funds. 174 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The dam and old bridge have been removed and a bridge with a draw span was installed and approved April 21, 1913. Terminal facilities.-There is one small landing, with 150 feet of available dockage, open to general use, and several private trestles at which landings are made. The landing is of light construction, being built of stakes; it is removed each year about November 1 and rebuilt about April 1. The commerce is of such a light nature that much of it can be handled from small boats run up on the shore. These facilities are adequate for existing commerce. (For a full de- scription of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The channel south of the draw span is not of sufficient depth to permit the carrying of freight in large quanti- ties to the village, and freight rates have not been affected. Local interests have in view the construction of a bulkhead along prac- tically the whole length of the west bank between the west jetty and the bridge at Waterville; about 1,300 feet in length extending north- ward from the bridge has already been built. Oyster dredges and other small craft use the harbor north of the draw span, and it is also used as a harbor of refuge by a limited number of vessels. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-Preliminariesfor prose- cuting work of dredging by the use of Government plant were prac- tically completed., This work is to consist in restoring the entrance channel to its project dimensions. The expenditures, amounting to $1,391.62, were in payment of the cost of the above-mentioned pre- liminaries, office expenses, and contingencies pertaining to the mainte- nance of the improvement. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 83 per cent com- pleted. The channel was completed by dredging in 1914; no work has been done on the jetties since that year. When examined in April, 1923, the controlling depth through the entrance channel be- tween jetties was about 21 feet at mean low water; above this up to the bridge at the old milldam, about 5 feet; and above the bridge to Mattituck, when examined in 1916, it was about 2J feet. The work remaining to be done to complete the project consists in extending the jetties to the contour of 9 feet mean low-water depth in the Sound. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $130,789.40-$94,956.40 for new work and $35,833 for maintenance. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to expend the unexpended balance, amounting to $13,960.60, in maintenance dredging in the entrance channel. The sum of $34,000 has been expended on this channel since its completion in 1909, and even then the channel depths have been so poorly maintained that there has been considerable com- plaint on the part of those using the channel. Apparently the only chance of maintaining this channel so as to meet the demands of those using it lies in the extension of controlling works. The cost of these works is, however, out of proportion to the present or reasonably prospective commerce to be benefited. It is therefore proposed to dredge the channel for maintenance. For this purpose the sum of $5,000 can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted of oysters and clams, fruits and vegetables. RIVERS AN] ;ARBORS---IRFST NEW YORK, N. Y., PISCRICT. Ih (oagati~o gateret. Oalendar yesar. Short tons. Value. Calendar yer. ,Short ton. Value. 1911 ......... ... . . 9 775 19...., 1. 1.................. 324 $44,06 ....... .. 9...9..92, ... .1..1 T carried, none. gasengers The toQnage for 192 w as carried in veasls. sually loaded to. the drafts given in the fo1lowing table: Per cent eton _a.n rta draft Clasp of freightA cried, tonnage. vespil Oysters and clams...... ..... ..... ............... ................... 1.8 5et. Frikt ad vegQtabip.................................................. 9... 2 4-8 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receiptsafrom saes, etc.,. aaouutiag to $1524: New work $..... $94, 956. 40 Maintenance--3------------------------------- 35, 833. 00 Net total expended--------------------------------- 30, 789. 40 Total appropriationa to. data of this report --- ---- 144, 750, 00 Fiscal year epding June 30. 1919 192 1 19 1 192 193 Expended fow new cork Expended foi~nainlenance 1..... .......................... $31.02 $248. 00 r.... ... 755. 03 .... ....... .... ,130. 59 $1,391. 6 Apprpi ated or sUltted......... 5,OPoQQ.... . .. ............. 10, 000.00 5,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance upexpea4ed--------------------- -------- $1, 351. 69 Amount allotted from War Depart pent appropriatio act approved June 30, 1922---- --------------- 5,000,00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923---- ------------ .53 15, 352. 22 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 11, 391. 62 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--------------------------- -- 13,960. 60 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities_____--___--- ____-__ 41. 58 July 1, 1923, balance available------------------------------ 13, 919. Q Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project --------------------------------------- 81, 800. 00 Amount that can be profitably expeyded in' fiscal year ending June. 30, 1925, for mai.tenance----------------------- -------- , 000 00 , 1Not deducting receipts from sale, etc. Exclusive of available funds. 01687-ENe 1923-----12 176 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 13. GREAT SOUTH BAY, N. Y. Location and description.-This is a lagoon inside the south shore line of Long Island, N. Y., about 26 miles long and 2 to 6 miles wide. It is separated from the Atlantic Ocean by a narrow sand beach. The section under improvement lies between Fire Island Inlet, about 38 miles east of the entrance to New York Harbor, and the head of navigation in Patchogue River, at Patchogue, N. Y., about 60 miles east of New York City. Patchogue River is tidal and extends north from Great South Bay to a point 2 miles north of Patchogue. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-The section covered by the project was a series of natural channels with depths varying from 10 to 20 feet and shoals with depths varying from 7.5 to 10 feet at mean low water, the distance from Fire Island Inlet to the mouth of Patchogue River being 16 miles. The river varied in width from 160 to 500 feet, with depths at mean low water varying from 0 to 8 feet. The head of navigation was and is at Division Street, Patchogue, about 0.75 mile above the mouth of the river. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890. It was completed in 1902 at a cost of $40,000. The records do not show how much of this was for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1773 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 200 feet wide and 10 feet deep at mean low water from Fire Island Inlet to the central basin in Great South Bay and a channel 8 feet deep and 100 feet wide from the central basin in the bay to the head of navi- gation in Patchogue River. The length of section included in the project is about 17 miles. Mean tidal range, 1 foot; mean range of spring tides, 1.1 feet; extreme range of storm tides, probably 3 to 4 feet; all tides are greatly affected by storm and wind conditions. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1900, is $66,000, exclu- sive of amount expended under previous project. The latest (1900) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902 (H. Doc. No. 103, 56th Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map, see page 2018 of Annual Report for 1916. Recommended modsfications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. In 1893 local parties dredged a small channel near the mouth of the river east of that dredged by the United States, and when the middle ground was re- moved the width was increased to about 150 feet, leaving a small area for anchorage purposes. During the fiscal year 1913 local resi- dents furnished, free of cost to the United States, areas suitable for the disposal of dredged materials. The owner of the shore front abutting the sand spit forming part of the east jetty, as constructed, is to do certain maintenance work on the structure in return for a revocable permit to occupy it. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, seven in number, with avail- able dockage of 4,100 feet, are scattered along the shore of Patchogue River between its mouth and the head of the projected improvement,- one on the east bank and six on the west bank. Three in good condi tion, with available dockage of 700 feet, are publicly owned; three in RIVERS AND HARORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 177 good condition, with available dockage of 3,100 feet, are privately owned; and one in fair condition, with available dockage of 300 feet, is privately owned. All are open to the public. One, with available dockage of 2,000 feet, has rail connection. Two, with available dock- age of 2,300 feet, have mechanical appliances for handling cargoes. All bulkheads are of sheet-pile construction with earth filling. One of the terminals is provided with a slip. These facilities are ade- quate for the water-borne commerce. (For a full description of ter- minal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-So far as can be ascertained, freight rates have not been materially affected, but shipyards and other local in- dustries have been made accessible to vessels and lighters of shallow draft, and Patchogue River is used to a considerable extent for win- ter storage of various craft. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging for mainte- nance was not urgently necessary. The expenditures, amounting to $81.45, were in payment of office expenses and contingencies pertain- ing to the maintenance of the improvement. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 60 per cent com- pleted. The channel in Patchogue River was completed in 1904. Of the projected channels through three bars in the bay, only the easterly one, " Bar C," was dredged; it is reported as practically obliterated. Due to changes in Fire Island Inlet, deepening of the remaining two bars and the maintenance of the channel through "Bar C ' are not now required. The west jetty, 1,700 feet long, was completed in 1914. A jetty, formed of a sand spit 1,000 feet long, with a riprap extension 330 feet long, was completed in 1917. When examined in June, 1920, the channel in Patchogue River was in fair condition, with a controlling depth of 7 feet at mean low water. The west jetty appeared to serve the purpose for which it was in- tended and the east jetty was in serviceable condition. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $132,475.93- $59,820.82 for new work and $72,655.11 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The amount of commerce using these waters does not appear to warrant immediate expenditure, either for new work or maintenance; therefore, no additional funds are required at this time. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of building material, coal, and oysters and clams. All of the commerce of Patchogue River is benefited by the improve- ment, as it all uses the dredged channel. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918..................... 12,999 $137,064 1921.............. 14,259 326 $436, 1919...................... 16,279 167,541 1922................... 41,826 1,270,143 1920...................... 11,312 259,729 None. Passengers carried: NOTE.-The volume of tonnage shown for the year 1918 does not correspond with the figures for this year as shown in the printed report of 1920, which latter figure is a typographical error. 178 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The increase in the volume of tonnage of 1929 as compared with previous years is due mainly to the increased quantity of oysters handled. The tonnage of '1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per ent, Usual limit Class of freight carried. of total of, lo d tAn .. vessel. Fee. BuildingP m terials......................................................... 9. 05- Coal............. ... ...................................... 1...... .12.1 Oysters and clams...... ........ ........... ............................. 78. 48 Finanoalsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc.,, amounting to $184.17: New work - - ---------- $99, 820.82 Maintenance-- ------- -- ------- 72, 655 11 Net total expended_-------------------- 172, 475. 93 Total appropriations to date of this report--..------ ------- 173, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work... 22 $15............. .. $124.34 81............ Expended for mnewworaintance. .... $2.3.. ............... Appropriated or allotted....... .... .. ... .. ....... ... .... .......... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, ete~ July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ----------------------------- $605.52 June. 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 81.45 .uly 1, 1923, balance unexpended .-- - 524. 07 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ---------------------------------------- 5, 700. 00 14. BROWNS CREEK, N. Y. Location and description.-This is a narrow, crooked tidal stream flowing south and emptying into Great South Bay, Long Island, near Sayville, N. Y., 12.5 miles northeast of Fire Island Inlet and 55 miles east of New York City. It has its source in two small lakes 1.5 miles north of Great South Bay. The length of the creek is 1.8 miles, the width varying from 75 to 200 feet. The drainage area is 12 square miles. Ordinarily only a very small quantity of fresh water finds its outlet through this stream. (See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-A channel varying in width from 20 to 200 feet and in depth from 0.4 of a foot to 4 feet at mean low water 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS ANDIHARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 179 existed from Great South Bay to the Sayville Highway Bridge, a distance of about 1 mile. The head of navigation was and is at the bridge. Previous projects.-None. Ewisting project.-This provides for a channel 100 feet wide and feet deep at mean low water from the,6-foot contour in Great South 6 Bay for a distance of 1,850 feet, and thence, with same width, 4 feet deep to the ahead of navigation'; also for two stone jetties to protect the entrance, the east jetty to be 1,400 feet long and the west jetty 1,600 feet long. The total length of channel under improvement is about 6,500 feet. Mean tidal range, 1 foot; mean range of spring tides, 1.1 feet; extreme range of storm tides, probably 3 to 4 feet. All tides are greatly affected 'by storm and wind conditions. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1889, is $46,000. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $600. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890 (H. Ex. Doc. No. 22, 51st Cong., 1st sess.). or latest published map see House Document No. 991, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. In 1912 a local com- mercial organization at Sayville, N. Y., had the dredged channel extended northward abbut 1,800 feet by excavating to a depth of 4 feet at mean low water and width of 100 feet, at a cost oI $2,000; the amount was raised by popular subscription. Disposal areas for dredged materials have from time to time been provided without cost to the United States. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, 7 in number, with avaiil- able dockage of 1,450 feet, are scattered along the shore of the creek between its mouth and the head of the improved channel, 6 on the west bank and 1 on the east bank. Three with available dockage of 500 feet are publicly owned; all others are privately owned. All are open to the public. None has rail connection. There are other private landings of temporary construction, and part of the tonnage is unloaded from boats direct to the shore. The facilities are ade- quate for the amount and kind of commerce involved. (For de- scription of five of these terminals see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th CGong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-There has been no appreciable effect on freight rates. The creek now serves as a harbor of refuge and as winter quarters for the numerous oyster and fishing boats which work in that vicinity. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None; there were no funds =available. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The dredging is 70 per cent com- pleted and the jetties 33 per cent, making about 50 per cent com- pletion of the project. No field work of improvement or mainte- nance has been done since 1917. The channel has been dredged 100 feet wide for a length of about 3,200 feet, 1,850 feet of which length, beginning at the original 6-foot contour in the bay and extending inland 400 feet from the original shore line of the bay, was dredged to a depth of 6 feet at mean low water; thence upstream the re- maining 1,350 feet in length was dredged to a depth of 4 feet. The 180 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. west jetty was built to a length of 492 feet and the east jetty to a length of 438 feet; both were built to a height of 1 foot above high water with tops 3 feet wide; they are in bad condition and covered by accretions at their shore ends. In the annual report for 1907, page 136, it was recommended that future apropriations be made for maintenance only. The controlling depth, as shown by sound- ings taken in May, 1921, is 3 feet at mean low water in the entrance and above the entrance 4 feet. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $51,000-$25,000 for new work and $26,000 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-None. The amount of commerce using these waters does not appear to warrant immediate expenditure, either for new work or maintenance, and no funds are therefore required. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of oysters and clams. The improvement has benefited all commerce on the creek, as all of it uses the improved channel. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. , Value. 1918 ...................... 8,641 $177, 7701921.... ....... .. 8,761 $319,024 1919...................... 8,231 98,290 1922....................... 731 10,351 1920................... 7,332 165,354 The decrease in tonnage of 1922, as compared with previous years, is due to the small amount of oysters and clams handled. The tonnage of 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent Usual limit Class of freight carried, of total draft of tonnage. vessel. Feet. Oysters and clams .......... ..................................... 35.6 6-8 Crushed stone............... .... ......... ......... 61.7 6 .................................. Building stone....... ............................ .......... ............ 2.7 .......... Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2.38: New work ------------------------------------------ $25, 000. 00 Maintenance-------------- -------------------------- 26, 000. 00 Net total expended---------------------------------- 51, 000. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 51, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work................................ ................... Expended for maintenance. ........... ..................................... Appropriated or allotted......... . . ............ ............... ......... ........ RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST.NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 181 15. JAMAICA BAY, N. Y. Location and description.-This is an indentation in the south shore of Long Island, the entrance being about 8 miles east of the Narrows, New York Harbor. It includes a total area of about 181 square miles and is separated from the Atlantic Ocean by Rock- away Beach. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-The dimensions of the channels in use were (depths being below mean low water) : Two entrance channels, one from the sea about 8,000 feet long, 800 feet wide, and 10 to 14 feet minimum depth, subject to frequent changes, and the other from New York Harbor via Coney Island Channel, about 12,000 feet long, 200 feet wide, and 10 feet deep; interior channels of ample width and depth near the entrance, decreasing to less than 3 feet depth and 200 feet width at the heads of navigation, distant, respectively, 6 and 10 miles from the entrance. There were several minor chan- nels in the bay used by small fishing boats at high tide. Previous projects.-There was no previous project for improving Jamaica Bay as a whole. The river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, provided for a channel 100 to 150 feet wide and 6 feet deep at mean low water to connect the Canarsie landings with Big Channel in Jamaica Bay, dikes to be built on either side of the dredged chan- nel. Modifications in 1889 and 1896 provided for an extension of this channel along the Canarsie water front southwestwardly 1,800 feet, the depth of this extension to be 5 feet and width of 50 feet. When work was commenced in 1912 under the existing project, the improvement of Canarsie Bay as a separate work was abandoned. There had been expended thereunder $72,833.81-$69,872.36 for netW work and $2,961.45 for maintenance. The river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, provided for the excavation of a channel 60 feet wide and 5 feet deep from the entrance to Bass Channel to Bayswater Avenue, Far Rockaway. This channel was completed in 1893 at a cost of $9,460. The total expenditures under previous projects, prior to thee commencement of work under the existing project in 1912, amounted to $82,293.81-$79,332.36 for new work and $2,961.45 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1770 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This is a cooperative project for making a gen- eral harbor in Jamaica Bay. It provides for making and maintain- ing an entrance channel 30 feet deep at mean low water and 1,500 feet wide, with widening at bends; a main channel extending from the entrance channel up to the mouth of Cornells Creek, to be 30 feet deep at mean low water and 1,000 feet wide, with widening at bends; and for the protection of the entrance channel by one or two riprap jetties, as may be necessary. The prosecution of work to be done at the expense of the United States is to be subject to the conditions specified under Local cooperation. Length of section included in the project, 13 miles. Mean range of tides, 4.5 feet; spring tides, 5.5 feet; irregular fluctuations, due to winds and barometric pressure, about 3 feet below mean low water and 3 feet above mean high water at the entrance; inside the bay, probably somewhat less, but observations are insufficient for determination. Estimated cost to the United States for new work, made in 1919, $11,806,000. Estimated cost of annual maintenance work in the en- 18~ REPORT OF CHIEF OF E1TGINEERS, t7. S. ARMY, 1923. trance channel, made in 1919, $260,000 (H. Com. Doc. No. 4, 66th Cong., 2d sess.); the amount required for maintaining the main channel can be determined only from experience. The existing project, as printed in House Document No. 1488, Sixtieth Congress, second session, was adopted in part by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910. By river and harbor act of Septem- ber 22, 1922, the project as printed in the said document was adopted as a whole. The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.- None. References to published articles not previously reported.-See re- port on New York Harbor under this heading, page 189 of this re- port; also, An article on Jamaica Bay, printed in the Journal of Commerce and Commercial Bulletin, New York, April 11, 1923. Local cooperation.-Inadopting the enlarged project the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, provided that any funds hereto- fore or hereafter appropriated for this improvement may be ap- plied to providing the channels specified in House Document No. 1488, Sixtieth Congress, second session, with a depth of 30 feet at mean low water whenever and to such extent as the city of New York shall construct or provide for the construction of terminals with facilities suitable to channels of that depth. It also provided that the city of New York may be reimbursed for dredging and disposing of the material dredged in the main interior channel at actual cost, which shall not exceed a rate of 10 cents per cubic yard, including any cost of inspection borne by the United States, such reimbursement to include overdepth allowance not exceeding 1 "foot. To meet these conditions the city of New York has appropriated a total of $1,840,92.76 and has proceeded as follows in connection therewith: (a) Acquired from the State of New York the greater part of all submerged lands, hassocks, and hammocks in Jamaica Bay; the lesser part had previously been disposed of by the State of New York to other interests. (b) Acquired lands aggregating 1,100 acres in the Barren Island-Mill Basin section lying on the east side Of Flatbush Avenue extended up to the harbor lines between Barren Island and Mill Basin. (c) Initiated steps for the acquisition of lands needed for the extension of Flatbush Avenue to the water front of Barren Island, including Steps for the physical development of Flatbush Avenue extended. (d) Prepared and formally adopted plans for the development of the water front between Barren Island and Mill Basin following modern plans suitable for 30-foot navigation. (e) Completed bulkheading in Mill Basin and dredging to a depth of 18 feet at mean low water on May 19, 1923. (f) Preliminary 'steps taken for the acquisition of all privately owned lands on the water front between Mill Basin and the Long Island Railroad crossing at Jamaica Bay. (g) Undertaking in connection with (f) the building of a dock terminal at or adjacent to Spring Creek Basih, or as near thereto as will be practicable =to use in connection with an 18-foot channel proposed to be dredged from Mill Basin along the front of property to be acquired as in (f), consideratin being given to the amount of funds available under Federal appropriation. Terminal facilities.-Besides the landings at Birren Island, Ca- narsie, and other points built before the improvement was began and little affected by it, 2,630 feet of bulkhead made by the city in Mill Creek Basin are partly used; the whole of this bulkhead will be used when the contemplated land approaches have been provided. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., IMSTRICT. 83 The existing facilities are fairly adequate for the existing commerce, but are wholly inadequate for the commerce anticipated and for which the project was adopted. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doec. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Jamaica Bay lies 'within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 190 of this report.) Effeet of improvement.-The work accomplished has made the channel available for and it is now used by vessels of deeper draft, but no marked benefit to commerce can be expected until suitable terminals with satisfactory land approaches have been provided. Operations and results during fiscal year.-U. S. seagoing dredge Atlantic commenced dredging in the entrance channel May 21, 1923. operations were still in progress at the close of the fiscal year. The area dredged has not yet been examined by survey, but it is estimated that this work has resulted in dredging a channel approxi- mately 400 feet wide and 20 feet deep at mean low water through the bar. The expenditures amounted to $9,912.18. The entrance channel was examined by sounding before dredging operations through the bar were commenced. The expenditures amounted to $1,422.66. Tidal and current phenomena, so far as they have a bearing on projected or contemplated improvements, were investigated. The ex- penditures amounted to $864.27. The city of New York awarded a contract on May 31, 1923, for excavating a channel 500 feet wide and 18 feet deep at mean low water extending northward from Mill Basin up to Paerdegat Basin; the unit price for dredging is 9 % cents per cubic yard, :place meas- urement. The construction of dikes on land ceded to the city for the disposal of the dredged material was commenced June 25, 1923. Dredging operations had not been commenced up to the close of the fiscal year. The city is to be reimbursed by the United States for the dredging at the unit price of the contract less the cost to the United States of engineering and inspection. On May 19, 1923, the city of New York completed dredging and bulkhead construction in Mill Basin under a contract amounting to $529,061. Expenditures during the year amounting to $17,437.73-$9,912.18 for new work and $7,525.55 for maintenance-were in payment of outstanding liabilities, of the cost of the above-described work, and of office expenses and contingencies. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The estimated proportion of project completed is: Portion to be done by the United States, 3 per cent; portion to be done by the city, less than 1 per cent; total, 1 per cent. Approximately 150 to 200 feet in width of the Fentrance channel, extending from the 18-foot contour in Jamaica Bay, about 2,500 feet south of the eastern end of Plumb Beach, to the 18-foot contour in the lower bay, about 4,500 feet south of Manhattan Beach, a stretch of 10,000 feet, was deepened in 1917 to .18 feet, and the main interior channel from deep water at Barren Island :up to Mill Basin, a stretch of 8,800 feet, was deepened in 1913 to 18 feet with width of 500 feet. The controlling depth in the dredged sec. 184 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. tions, through a channel of navigable width, when examined by soundings taken in September, 1919, was 16 feet at mean low water. The work remaining to complete the existing project consists in dredging the entrance channel to a depth of 30 feet with a width of 1,500 feet; in protecting the entrance channel by one or tyo jetties, if this should prove to be the most economical method of maintaining the project width and depth; in deepening to 30 feet the main in- terior channel between Barren Island and Mill Basin, previously dredged to a width of 500 feet and depth of 18 feet; in widening this section of channel of 30 feet depth to 1,000 feet; and in extend- ing this channel of 1,000-foot width and 30-foot depth from Mill Basin up to the head of the projected improvement at the mouth of Cornells Creek, at the expense of the United States, and the con- struction by the city of New York of the necessary terminal facili- ties and all accessories thereto. Total expenditures by the United States under the existing project amounted to $277,916.81-$242,- 525.47 for new work and $35,391.34 for maintenance. Proposed operations.--During the fiscal year 1924 the city of New York proposes the following work: (a) To dredge a channel 18 feet deep and 500 feet wide from Mill Basin to F'resh Creek Basin. The city has acquired or is negotiating for the necessary rights to carry out this work, and negotiations have reached the stage where it seems probable that all the necessary rights will be obtained without delay. (b) To dredge a channel 30 feet deep and 1,000 feet wide from Barren Island to Mill Creek Basin. This work will extend over into the fiscal year 1925. It is proposed to use the unexpended balance in carrying out the work outlined in paragraph (a), and part of (b) above, and in dredging with Government plant in the entrance channel. This will exhaust all of the funds, amounting to $1,022,583.19, by Jan- uary 1, 1925. Additional funds to complete the work between Barren Island and Mill Basin, and for additional dredging with Government plant in the entrance channel, will therefore be necessary in the fiscal year 1925, to be applied as follows: (a) To pay the Government's share in the city's work of dredging between Barren Island and Mill Creek Basin, estimated at----- $100, 000 (b) To continue dredging with Government plant in the entrance channel, subject to limitation set forth hereafter, at an esti. mated cost of--------------------- ------------------ 150, 000 (c) To provide for engineering and contingencies---------------- 50, 000 Total-------------- ----------------------------------- 300, 000 Work already done in the entrance channel has maintained itself so well that there is reason to hope that the entrance channel can be maintained without resorting to a jetty. Final decision, however, as to whether future funds which may be made available for work in the entrance channel should be utilized in the continuation of dredging operations or in the construction of a jetty depends upon the result of future experience in dredging. Conmmercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of building materials and petroleum products, gar- bage, dead animals and products, and ashes. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 185 Comparative statement. The tonnage of 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent Usual limit Per cent Usual limit oftotal ofdraft loaded of total Qfloaded Class of freight carried. of Class of freight carried. draft of tonnage. vessel. tonnage. vessel. -11 1 - I I-- --- - Feet. Building material........ 52. 8 4-12 Garbage, dead animals, Feet. Coal ..................... . 28.0 5- 8 and products.......... 1.7 5-10 Petroleum products..... 5. 8 4-12 Ashes............... 2.0 6-10 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $244.08: New work -------------------- ------------------ $321, 857. 83 r s.. . . . . A/ A -. &,% -. MIaintUennce8-- -- -00, 9O 352. OM') 7 79 Net total expended------------------------------------ 360, 210. 62 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 1,382,793. 81 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 '1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1................... ........... ........................ $9,912.18 Expended for maintenance 1..... $1, 176. 67 $2,389. 70 $8,435.37 7,818. 65 7,525.55 Total expended 1.......... 1,176.67 2, 389.70 8,435.37 7,818.65 17,437.73 Appropriated or allotted..................................................... 600,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended- $440, 003. 82 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923 600, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923...._.. 17.10 1,040,020.92 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 For new work $9, 912. 18 For maintenance------------------------7,525. 55 17, 437. 73 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended- -------------- 1, 022, 583. 19 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities__------------- 21, 063. 33 July 1, 1923, balance available ----------------------- 1, 001, 519. 86 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for comple- tion of existing project----------------------------- 210, 541, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work---- ---- ----------- -- 300, 000. 00 2 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. ExclusJIVe ofl available funds. T86 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 16. SHEEPSHEAD BAY, N. Y. Location and description.-This is a bay on the south side of Long Island, 14 miles by water southeast of the Battery, New York City, and 8J miles northeast of Sandy Hook. It is 6,000 feet long and from 250 to 1,000 feet wide. It is open to the east and is separated from the ocean on the south by the east end of Coney Island. The section under improvement is the entrance channel, which extends from deep water in the Atlantic Ocean to deep water in Sheepshead Bay, a distance of about one-quarter of a mile. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1215.) Original condition.-The entrance to Sheepshead Bay has under- gone many changes since 1841, as shown by comparative charts. In 1881 the inlet was about a mile to the eastward of its present location. Originally there were numerous shoals in the bay, and the channel depths ranged from 1 to 13 feet at mean low water. There was a tidal flow through Coney Island Creek, a narrow, tortuous stream, about 3 miles in length, connecting Sheepshead and Gravesend Bays, but the practical head of navigation in Sheepshead Bay was and is about 0.8 mile west of the present entrance. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880. At the close of the fiscal year 1895 a total of $26,000 had been expended on the work; the records do not permit the separation of maintenance cost from the total. No further expenditures have been made in connection with this,project. For further details of previous projects see page 1771 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 100 feet wide and 6 feet deep at mean low water from the 6-foot contour in the ocean to the corresponding contour in Sheepshead Bay, a length of 2,200 feet. Mean tidal range, 4.7 feet; mean range of spring tides, 5.7 feet; extreme range of storm tides varies from 3 feet below mean low water to 3 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1910, is $13,600, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. There has never been any approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance. Shoaling of the channel is gradual. No reliable data are yet available upon which to base a reasonably accurate estimate of the cost of maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 959, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see page 732 of Annual Report for 1884. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. In 1884 and in 1913 local property owners furnished disposal areas and retaining bulk- heads for excavated materials. Terminal facilities.-The city of New York owns a wooden retain- ing bulkhead along the entire length of the south and west sides of the bay; this bulkhead is open to the public for pleasure but not for commercial purposes. Freights are handled at private bulkheads and float stages, which are sufficient for the local commerce. Sheeps- head Bay lies within the limits of the port district as recommended RIVERS AND HIARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRI~TCT, 1 by the Port of New York Authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York HIarbor, p. 190 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-Sheepshead Bay is used but slightly for commercial purposes, and on this account freight rates have not been noticeably affected, but large numbers of pleasure and fishing boats :and the ferryboats to Rockaway Point have been benefited by the improvement. A count of boats in the bay on June 4, 1917, showed 1,o09 Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Dredging for maintenance was not necessary. The expenditures amounted to $0.20. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The existing project was. conm- pleted in 1914. The dredged channel is in condition to meet all reasonable requirements of navigation, as shown by an examination by sounding made in May, 1921. The least depth through a channel of 75 feet minimum width is 45 feet at mean low water. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $10,675.34-- :$7,827.59 for new work and $2,847.75 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The channel of project depth has been re- duced slightly in width at but two points, each of minor importance, since the last work of channel excavation was completed in 1914. It is improbable that any work of maintenance dredging will be neces- sary within the next two years. No funds are therefore required for expenditure in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of petroleum products. The nature of the com- merce has not been affected by the improvement, but the number of fishing-party boats, motor and sail, increases each year. Three ferry lines maintain regular schedules during the summer season, carrying large numbers of passengers to near-by beaches and summer resorts, and the fishing-party boats operate practically all year. This local- ity is devoted mainly to pleasure purposes and fishing. The increase of tonnage in 1921 is due mainly to the receipt of food products. Comparative statement. Calendar Short tons. Valne. Passengers. Calendar Sr tea Vaue. assengs. 1918......... 2,212 154,460 34,350 1921........ ,0 53, 2 32,568 1919........ 142 11, 145 53, 728 2....... 522 25,136 4,197 1920....... 590 43 986 63,190 The tonnage of 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to drafts of 4 to 5 feet. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3.70: New work-------- ---------------------------------- $33, 827. 59 Maintenance------------------------------------------,847. 75 Net total expended ---------- --------------------- 36, 675. 34 Total appropriations to date of this report.-. -----. .---- 37, 038. 98 188 REPORT OF CHIEF' OF ENGINEERS, TU. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............... ................................... Expended for maintenance 1.... $22.01 ......... ..... $514.09 '$87.62 $0. 20 Appropriated orallotted...........................o......................... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended________------------------- *$1, 363. 84 Deduction on account of amount transferred to East River, N. Y__ 1, 000. 00 363.84 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ .20 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended__-_ _------------------------ 363. 64 17. NEW YORK HARBOR: AMBROSE, MAIN SHIP, BAYSIDE, AND GED- NEY CHANNELS, INCLUDING ANCHORAGE CHANNEL AND CRAVEN' SHOAL, AND CHANNEL BETWEEN STATEN ISLAND AND HOFFMAN AND SWINBURNE ISLANDS, N. Y. Location and description.-The works included under the above title are in the Lower Bay and in the lower part of the Upper Bay, New York Harbor. The Lower Bay is 330 miles southwest by water of Boston Harbor, Mass., and 165 miles northeast of the entrance to Delaware Bay, N. J. and Del. The Upper Bay, 4 miles long and 4 miles wide, is connected with the Lower Bay by the Narrows, over a mile in width. The Lower Bay is triangular, extending 12 miles inland, with one side about 6 miles long open to the sea, from which it is separated by a broad bar crossed by five channels, as follows: Two improved under titles of Ambrose Channel and Gedney-Bayside Channel, with its extension Main Ship Channel; the inner end of these channels in the Lower Bay is 10 miles south of the Battery, New York City; Anchorage Channel, an extension of Ambrose Channel, situated in Upper Bay between Governors Island and the Narrows; channel between Staten Island and Hoffman and Swinburne (Quarantine) Islands, connect- ing these islands with deep water off Fort Wadsworth about 21 miles north of the inner end of Ambrose Channel; and Coney Island Chan- nel, reported separately; see page 198 of this report. Craven Shoal is situated in the upper (northern) part of the Lower Bay about 1 miles north of the inner end of Ambrose Channel. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1000.) Original condition.-In the Main Ship-Bayside-Gedney Channel the natural depth across the bar was 23.7 feet, with a width of about 500 feet. Inside the bar the depths were greater and a total length of 9 miles required dredging to make 30 feet depth. Ambrose Chan- nel had a natural available depth of about 16 feet for a width of 2,000 feet. These channels formed separate routes across the shoals in lower New York Harbor. The Anchorage Channel has a natural depth of 40 feet or more, with a minimum width outside the neces- sary anchorages of 370 feet, limiting the 40-foot entrance channel in that part of its route. Craven Shoal had a least depth of 19.6 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. ' Correction of amount reported in preceding report to include $14.90 reimbursement made this fiscal year for expenditures made fiscal year 1922. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 189 feet. The channel between Staten Island and Hoffman and Swin- burne Islands, 24 miles in length, had available mean low water depths of 10 feet to Hoffman Island and 8 feet to Swinburne Island, and width of about 50 feet, with channel banks not defined. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the Ambrose Channel 40 feet deep and 2,000 feet wide, extending from the sea to deep water in the Lower Bay, length about 7.5 miles; for the Anchorage Channel, an extension of Ambrose Channel, with the same depth and width, in the Upper Bay opposite the anchorage grounds, length about 3.5 miles; for the Main Ship-Bayside-Gedney Channel, 30 feet deep arid 1,000 feet wide, extending from the sea to deep water in the Lower Bay, length about 10 miles; for the removal of Craven Shoal to a depth of 30 feet; for a channel 16 feet deep, 200 feet wide, and about 12,500 feet long, extending from Bell Buoy 13A to Hoffman and Swinbuirne Islands; and for the collection and removal of drift. The project depths refer to mean low water. Mean tidal range, 4.6 feet; mean range of spring tides, 5.6 feet; irregular fluctuations, due to wind and barometric pressure, are from 3 to 4 feet below mean low water, usually in the month of February, and from 3 to 31 feet above mean high water, occasionally in the early autumn. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1923, is $8,193,000. The latest (1915) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $256,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 5, 1884, provided for the Main Ship- Bayside-Gedney Channel, and the dimensions of this channel were fixed by the Secretary of War December 27, 1886, under authority of the act of August 5, 1886 (Annual Reports for 1887, p. 62; 1888, p. 63); the act o March 3, 1899, provided for the Ambrose Channel (H. Doc. No. 159, 55th Cong., 3d sess.); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the maintenance of the entrance channels under one head; the acts of March 4, 1915, and August 8, 1917, provided for the collection and removal of drift, reported separately (see p.241 of this report); the act of August 8, 1917, provided for extending the Ambrose Channel into the Upper Bay opposite the anchorage grounds (H. Doc. No. 518, 63d Cong., 2d sess.), for the removal of Craven Shoal (H. Doc. No. 557, 64th Cong., 1st sess.), and for the channel to the Quarantine Islands (H. Doc. No. 625, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map of Ambrose Channel is in the An- nual Report for 1914, page 1734, and the latest published maps of the other localities in their respective project documenth. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-"The Port of New York Authority, Progress Report, February 1:l, 1923." "The Marine borer problem in the vicinity of New York," re- printed from the second quarterly issue of the Municipal Engineer- ing Journal, New York, 1922. Comments on proposed hearing of the Interstate Commerce Com- mission on the Port of New York Authority Comprehensive Plan opposed by railroads appear in the following issues of the New York Evening Post, January 2 to 6, 1923, inclusive, and January 8 to 13, 1923, inclusive. 190 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. " Pollution of city's (New York) harbor," New York Timnes, April 15, 1923. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The harbor above the Narrows, including the Upper Bay, the Hudson River to Spuyten Duyvil, the Harlem, and the East River to College Point, has about 555 miles of water front, of which 127 miles are owned by the city of New York and on which it has 184 piers, 31 ferry slips,. and 5 car-transfer slips. Sixteen of the piers are used by city departments, 23 are open to the public, and 1he rest are leased. The city of New York is endeavoring to acquire additional water front as opportunity and the state of public funds permit. Jersey City owns one pier and a part interest in a basin of considerable use commercially. Nearly all of the water front of Jer- sey City and Hoboken is owned and occupied by railroads for pas- senger and freight terminals and by steamship lines as terminals. The merchant marine act of 1920 provided for the transfer of all of the Hoboken terminal to the United States Shipping Board on Jan- uary 1, 1921, unless the President specifically directed otherwise; the transfer was completed November 15, 1921. This terminal con- sists of six piers and bulkheads for trans-Atlantic service, which were taken over by the United States during the war. In 1917 the States of New York and New Jersey enacted legisla- tion creating a joint harbor development commission. This commis- sion made a study of the port as a whole, and under date of Decem- ber 16, 1920, submitted its report to the governors of the respective States, together with comprehensive plans and recommendations (see under References to published articles not previously reported). On April 7, 1921, the State of New Jersey appointed commissioners to " the port authority" and appropriated $100,000 for the expenses of "the port authority" (chap. 152, Laws of 1921, New Jersey). On April 15, 1921, the State of New York authorized the appointment of commissioners to "the port authority " and appropriated $100,000 for the expenses of " the port authority " (chap. 203, Laws of 1921, New York). By Public Resolution No. 17, Sixty-seventh Congress, approved August 23, 1921, the consent of Congress is given to an agreement between the States of New York and New Jersey for the creation of the port of New York district and the establishment of a port of New York authority, pursuant to chapter 154, Laws of New York, 1921, and chapter 151, Laws of New Jersey, 1921, for the com- prehensive development of the port of New York and to better the coordination of the terminal, transportation, and other facilities of commerce in, 'about, and through the port of New York. A report with recommendation was submitted on December 21, 1921, by the port authority to the Governors of the States of New York and New Jersey, which includes a description and maps of the plan recommended. As planned, the port district includes within its boundaries 105 organized municipalities, a population of about 8,000,000, about 800 miles of shore line of sheltered water, and about 12 trunk-line railroads which carry to and from the port 75,000,000 tons of freight annually. The proposed plan contemplates the con- struction of an outer, middle, and an inner belt line and an automatic electric system. The middle belt line is designed to provide the short- est connecting link between all railroad lines, connection between the belt line on the west side of the harbor with that on the east side RIVERS AND ARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 191 being made by a tunnel to be constructed beneath the bed of the Upper Bay, New York Harbor, between Greenville, N. J., and Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, N. Y. An essential part of the comprehensive plan consists of many belt lines to promote and serve industrial develop- ments and water fronts. Several years will be required to design, construct, and install the complete system; to afford relief in the meantime it is proposed to establish motor-truck service between the railroads of the port district and the island of Manhattan. Maps and details are printed in documents marked (*) under References to published articles not previously reported, appearing in Annual Report for 1922, page 294. By Public Resolution No. 66, Sixty- seventh Congress, approved July 1, 1922, the consent of Congress is given the Port of New York Authority to execute the comprehensive plan approved by the States of New York and New Jersey by chap- ter 43, Laws of New York, 1922, and chapter 9, Laws of New Jersey, 1922. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect upon freight rates is not trace- able, being obscured by various causes. The improvement has made it possible for the largest ships to enter and leave at all normal stages of tide; without it none of them would have been able to enter or leave the harbor when loaded. A ship with reported draft of 42 feet 10 inches passed out via Ambrose Channel in the spring of 1919. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work of widening and deepening Anchorage Channel, in progress on June 30, 1922, was continued by the use of the U. S. seagoing dredge Raritan up to October 14, 1922, and by U. S. seagoing dredge Navesink up to September 8, 1922. U. S. seagoing dredge Atlantic was also em- ployed on this work from September 18 to October 21, 1922, and from October 28 to 30, 1922. It is estimated that this work has re- sulted in securing a through channel 36 feet deep and of the projected width of 2,000 feet. The expenditures amounted to $179,648.87. During intervening periods these dredges were leased to other works of improvement in this and other districts, except during short periods when they were undergoing needed repairs. The cost of operating and maintaining the seagoing dredges is paid from the Ambrose Channel appropriation, the owner of the dredges; this cost is reimbursed to the Ambrose Channel improve- ment by the transfer of funds from the borrowing appropriations. Ambrose Channel was examined by survey during the autumn months of 1922. The expenditures amounted to $1,038.51. Tidal and current phenomena, so far as they have a bearing on projected or contemplated improvements of the entrance channels, were investigated; the expenditures amounted to $6,596.01. There were no field operations in the channel between Staten Island and Hoffman and Swinburne Islands, the project for this work having been practically completed in December, 1920. The expenditures amounted to $14.67 and were in payment of outstand- ing liabilities. There were removed from the Lower Bay, Narrows, and Upper Bay 153,920 cubic feet of drift material; there was expended in this work $18,754.39. (See report on this subject, p. 241.) 61637--ENG 1923---13 192 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The total expenditures during the year, including the cost of engi- neering, superintendence, and contingencies, amounted to $703,320.92, and were paid from appropriations as follows: Appropriations for- New work. Maintenance. Total. Ambrose Channel. ......................................... 1 $499,051. 07 1$499, 051.07 Maintenance, including Ambrose Channel, Main Ship-Bay- side-Gedney Channel, Anchorage Channel, and Craven Shoal....................................................... 24, 054. 50 24, 054. 50 Anchorage Channel ........ ........................ $180,191.91 ............. 180,191.91 Craven Shoal ................................................................. Channel between Staten Island and Hoffman and Swinburne Islands........... .. .......................... ............ . 23.44 23.44 Total....... ........... ....................... 180,191.91 523,129.01 703,320.92 * Expended in maintaining and operating dredges leased to other works-reimbursable. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Main Ship-Bayside-Gedney Channel was completed in 1891; the depth was increased from its original depth of 23.7 feet to 30 feet at mean low water. The cost for new work amounted to $1,579,985.65, including $116,530 applied to removing wrecks and sunken rock authorized by acts of July 25, 1868, and January 8, 1873. Subsequent to the completion of these channels in 1891, up to July 1, 1923, there has been expended $1,444,903.35 in maintaining the entrance channels, including Am- brose Channel and channels at Forts Hancock, Hamilton, and Wads- worth, Coney Island Channel, and the purchase of a dredge; deduct- ing $48,974.57 received from sales and reimbursements on account of maintenance and operation of dredges leased to other works, the net cost of maintaining the channels to July 1, 1923, amounts to $1,395,929.78. Ambrose Channel was completed in 1914; it was increased in depth from its original depth of 16 feet to 40 feet at mean low water. The estimated cost of this improvement was $6,688,000; it was completed at a gross cost of $5,190,507.08, including the cost of building dredges specially designed for the work. This gross cost was reduced $397,- 329.27 by receipts from the sale of scrap and one of the dredges and receipts from the lease of dredges during the period covered by improvement operations, thus making the net cost for new work $4,793,177.81. The value of plant on hand on the date of completing the improvement was $940,004; the actual net cost of dredging the channel was therefore $3,853,173.81. The value of plant will be reduced from year to year by depreciation, but may be increased occasionally by alteration. The cost of maintaining Ambrose Channel up to July 1, 1915, was $540,371.01, of which amount $382,388.65 was paid from appropria- tions for the maintenance of the entrance channels, and $157,981.96 was paid from appropriations for Ambrose Channel. This $157,- 981.96 was reduced $26,628.89 by receipts from sales and rental of dredges during the period of maintenance operations, thus making the net cost of maintenance work charged against the Ambrose Chan- nel appropriation $131,353.07. Of the above total maintenance cost $372,372.40 was due to shoaling which occurred during the period covered by improvement operations. Since June 30, 1915, the cost of maintaining Ambrose Channel has been paid from appropriations RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y. DISTRICT. 193 for maintenance of the entrance channels; expenditures from the Ambrose Channel appropriation, amounting to $2,501,474.01, have been in payment of the cost of operating and maintaining dredges which are retained for maintenance work (if necessary) but which meanwhile are leased to other works for improvement, the amounts thus expended being reimbursed to the owning (Ambrose Channel) appropriation by the transfer of funds from the borrowing appro- priation. To June 30, 1923, reimbursements amounted to $2,875,- 644.53, and receipts from sales to $665,757.15; these transactions relate only to the operations of leased plants, and therefore do not affect the cost of either the improvement or maintenance of Ambrose Channel. It is estimated that the channel of 36 feet depth in Anchorage Channel has been increased from its original width of 800 feet to the full projected width of 2,000 feet for the channel of 40 feet projected depth. The area dredged over has not yet been examined by survey. The project for deepening Craven Shoal td 30 feet at mean low water was completed in July, 1921. The channel between Staten Island and Hoffman and Swinburne Islands has been completed to project dimensions up to within about 300 feet of the southern projected limits; the dredged channel meets all immediate demands of navigation and further work of improve- ment is not contemplated for the present. The controlling depths at mean low water are as follows: Ambrose Channel (October, 1922), 40 feet. Main Ship-Bayside-Gedney Channel (1914-1916), 30 feet. Anchorage Channel (1911), 40 feet. Craven Shoal (July, 1921), 30 feet. Channel between Staten Island and Hoffman and Swinburne Islands (1920), 16 feet. In the table following are shown the total net expenditures to June 30, 1923: Projects for Ambrose Channel; Main Ship, Bayside, and Gedney Channels; and maintenance of entrance channels, including Ambrose Channel and improve- ment of Anchorage Channel and Craven Shoal; and channel between Staten Island and Hoffman and Swinburne Islands. For new work. mainte- Fornance. Total. 40-foot entrance (Ambrose Channel)................. $4,793,177.81 1 $3,006,997.60 1 $7,800,175.41 Maintenance, including Ambrose Channel, Main Ship- Bayside-Gedney Channel, Anchorage Channel, and Craven Shoal.....1... ........................ 1,579, 985.65 1, 395, 929.78 2, 975, 915.43 Anchorage Channel.................... .......... 352,046.50 .............. 352 046.50 Craven Shoal................ . ................ 138,471.53 .............. 138,471.53 Channel between Staten Island and Hoffman and Swinburne Islands................................... 129,337.05 1,707.76 131, 044.81 Total..................................... 6, 993, 018.54 4, 404, 635.14 11,397, 653.68 1Includes $2,875,644.53 received from loan of plant to other works. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended for Ambrose Channel will be applied to the operation and maintenance of Gov- ernment dredges. The available balance from previous appropriations and allot- ments for maintenance of entrance channels and improvement of Cra- 194 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. ven Shoal and Anchorage Channel will be expended during the fiscal year 1924 in deepening Anchorage Channel by dredging and in pros- ecuting such work of maintenance in the entrance channels, includ- ing the removal of drift, as may become necessary. It is estimated that of these funds about $300,000 will be applied to work in An- chorage Channel and that all of these funds will be expended by June 30, 1924. It is of pressing importance to remove promptly any shoaling found in the entrance channels. These channels are used by deep draft, trans-Atlantic and coastwise steamships, and any delays due to time lost by them in passing in or out of the harbor are very costly. A considerable amount of work remains to be done to complete the Anchorage Channel to its project dimensions. It is proposed to prosecute this work with all the speed that the limited number of dredges available for this work will permit. The sum of $350,000, including the cost of ,engineering, superintendence, and contingen- cies, can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, in prosecuting the following work: Removal of shoals that may be found obstructing the main entrance channels, including the cost of removing drift---------- -- $100, 000 Anchorage Channel, continuing the work of improvement by the em- ployment of two seagoing dredges for a period of 6 months 250, 000 --.- Total--------------------------------------------- 350, 000 Commercial statistics.-No complete records of domestic or coast- wise commerce passing through the channels of the Lower Bay are available for the fiscal year 1918. The following is a record for 1918 of foreign commerce only, as obtained from chamber of com- merce reports and is for the fiscal year: Year. Short tons. Value. 1918..................... ................................. 18, 407, 667 $3,917, 35,373 The following is a statement of foreign and coastwise commerce passing through the entrance channels of the Lower Bay during the calendar years 1919 to 1922, inclusive: Foreign. Coastwise. Total. Year. Passengers. Tons. Value. Tons. Value. Tons. Value. 1919.. 16,907,055 $2, 865,758,884 9,434, 927 $691,335, 761 26, 341,982 $3, 557,094,645 2,512,535 1920.. 441,521 4,108,191,019 4,506,822 523,532, 693 26,948,343 4, 631,723, 712 1,140,739 1921.. 14,549,067 2476,632,646 7;568,468 524,577,597 22,117,535 3,001,210,243 789,682 1922.. 19, 161861 2510, 371, 905 11,015 919 996, 798,098 30,177,783 3,507,170,003 1,722, 739 Following is a summary of the commerce in the Upper Bay for 1920 to 1922, not including that portion fronting on Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels, which is shown separately under that heading in the report: RIVERS AND XIARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 195 Year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1920 ......... ......................... ............... 66, 864, 509 $7, 642,932,935 24, 852,438 1921............... ...... .......... .... 61, 466, 267 5,722, 870,913 26,772, 217 1922 1........ .............................. .. 7, 090, 267 300,485,652 27,170,147 1 Exclu the following: Car ferry. Cargoes in transit. Total. Year. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 6,590, 514 1922........... $1,977, 154,200 54, 099,189 $4,909, 563, 610 60, 689, 703 $6, 886,717,810 The following table, not previously compiled, shows the total water-borne commerce of New York Harbor and includes all the waterways and channels within the area under the jurisdiction of the Port of New York Authority: 1922. Short tons. Value. Foreign imports ........................................................ 12, 326, 445 $1,581. 416,674 Foreign exports.............. ............................... 11, 905, 734 1,873,991,630 Coastwise receipts..................................................... 13,987,358 1,385, 406, 067 Coastwise shipments ...................................................... 9, 847,280 1,032 029,763 Internal receipts........................................................ 4,08, 156 102,704,464 Internal shipments................. ....................... 1,078,998 98,559,615 Intraport and local 1........................................... .. 39,374,536 2,627581,771 Total ............ ...................................... 92,928,507 8,701,689,984 1Total tons and values have been divided by 2 in order to avoid duplication. There is included as maintenance in the following financial sum- mary for Ambrose Channel $2,875,644.53 reimbursed on account of maintenance and operation of dredges loaned to other works. Financialsummary,. AMBROSE CHANNEL. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $665,757.15: New work --- ------------------------------------- $4, 793, 177. 81 Maintenance -------------------------------------- 3,006,997. 60 Net total expended------------- ------------------- 7, 800, 175. 41 Total appropriations to date of this report 2 8,206, 886. 82 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work... ........ ............................... Expended for maintenance a.....$243, 695. 63 $440, 825. 64 $695,770.10 $430, 752. 81 $499, 051. 07 Appropriated orallotted.................. ........... ......... ..................... I See paragraph immediately precedibag financial summary. SIncludes $2,875,644.53 received from loan of plant to other works. a Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 196 REPORT OF CHI RF OF ENGfINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-- ----- --------------- $383, 538. 68 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 (including reim- bursements for rental of dredges, etc.) ----------------------- 522, 223. 80 905, 762. 48 June 30,1 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance ------------------------------ , 051. 07 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--------0------------------ 6, 711. 41 MAINTENANCE OF ENTRANCE CHANNELS AND IMPROVEMENT OF CRAVEN SHOAL AND ENTRANCE CHANNEL. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $49,057.80: New work------- ------------------------------- $2,070, 503. 68 Maintenance-------- ------------------------------ 1, 395, 929. 78 Net total expended------------------------------- 3, 466, 433. 46 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------- 3, 823, 030. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1....... $206,089.71 ...................... $104,325.29 $180,191.91 Expended for maintenance 1.$.. 332, 545.92 $26, 302.13 51,366.22 20,791.01 24,054. 50 Total expended 1..........32,545.92 26, 302.13 257,455.93 125,116.30 204,246.41 Appropriated or allotted......... 300,000.00 .............. 300,000. 00 350,000. 00 .............. July 1, 1922, balanced unexpended---------------------- -- $560, 832. 55 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 ------------------ 10. 40 560, 842. 95 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year:: For new work- ------ ----------------- $180, 191. 91 For maintenance -- ------------------------- 24, 054. 50 204, 246. 41 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---- ------------------------ 356, 596.54 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities --------------------------- ,073. 11 July 1, 1923, balance available, including $75,945.50 available only for maintenance-- --------------------------------------- 353, 523. 43 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ---------------------------------------- 783, 400. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work------------------------------------- 250, 000. 00 For maintenance ---------------------------------------- 100, 000. 00 Total 350, 000. 00 2---------------------------------------- CHANNEL BETWEEN STATEN ISLAND, HOFFMAN ISLAND, AND SWINBURNE ISLAND. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $0.25: For new work-------------------------------- ----- $129,337. 05 Maintenance------------------------------- --------- , 707.76 Net total expended ------------------------------------- 131, 044. 81 Total appropriations to date of this report --------- --- 132, 500. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. SExclusive of available fund3s. RIVERS AND HARBORS--FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 197 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1 Expended for new work ....... $50.35 $31, 744.71 $97,54. 24 ..................... Expended for maintenance 1. .................. .......... 576.26 1,108.06 $23.44 Total expended 1.......... 50.35 31,744.71 98,118.50 1,108.06 23.44 Appropriated or allotted..........50,000.( , O. 00 7,500.00 ............ .......... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended - -- -_------- $1, 478. 63 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for main- tenance----------------- ------------------------- 23.44 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--------------------------- 1, 455.19 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR NEW YORK HARBOR. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $714,815.20: New work ------------------------------------- $6, 993, 018. 54 Maintenance---.......- -- ---- ---- -'4, 404, 635.14 Net total expended ----------------------------- 11, 397, 653. 68 Total appropriations to date of this report---- - _ --.- 212,162, 416. 82 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ $50.35 $31, 744.71 $303, 631.95 $104,325. 29 $180, 191.91 Expended for maintenance 1..... 276, 241.55 467, 127. 77 747, 712.58 452, 651.88 523,129.01 . . . . . . .. . . Total expended 1 276, 291.90 498, 872.48 1, 051, 344. 53 556, 977.17 703, 320. 92 Appropriated or allotted......... 350,000.00 75,000.00 307,500.00 350,000.00 ............. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended_ . --- ----- ------ $945, 849. 86 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 (including re- imbursements for rental of dredges, etc.) ------------------- 522, 234. 20 1, 468, 084. 06 June 30, 1923, amount expended during flscal year:1 For new work ----------------------- $180, 191. 91 For maintenance ------------------------- 523, 129. 01 703, 320. 92 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ___-- - - - --- 764, 763. 14 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ----------- --------- 3, 073.11 July 1, 1923, balance available, including $482,656.91 available only for maintenance_--------------------------_ 761, 690. 03 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---------- ---------- -------- 8783, 400. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work------------------------- -------------- 250, 000. 00 For maintenance ------------- __------__--------- - -100, 000. 00 Total.------------- ------- --------------------- 350; 000. 00 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. SSee paragraph immediately preceding fnancial summary for Ambrose Channel. *Exclusive of available funds. I9 8 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS iT. S. ARMY, 1923. 18. CONEY ISLAND CHANNEL,, N. Y. Location and description.-This channel lies at the entrance to New York Harbor and is the northerly one of five channels crossing the bar. It extends eastward from a point about 1,500 feet south of Nortons Point at the western end of Coney Island; the easterly end of the channel lies about 6,000 feet south of the Coney Island shore. It is the connecting channel between New York Harbor and Jamaica Bay entrance, and is also frequently used by dump scows returning from sea. The channel is shown on United States Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 369, but it is not named. Original condition.-The channel had a natural depth of about 10 feet and a width of 500 to 2,000 feet. Its length was about 3 miles, with the shoalest water on the western third. The eastern 2 miles had natural depths of 16 to 20 feet. Previous projects.-There have been no previous projects. On two occasions allotments were made from appropriations for mainte- nance of entrance channels, New York Harbor, for removing shoals in this channel. For further details of work done see page 1768 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 600 feet wide and 20 feet deep at mqan low water, and 7,000 feet in length between 20- foot contours. Mean tidal range, 4.6 feet; mean range of spring tides, 5.6 feet; irregular fluctuations due to wind and barometric pressure vary from about 31 feet below mean low water to 3 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1906, is $168,300, and for maintenance $20,000 annually. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 442, 59th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-See re- port on New York' Harbor under this heading, page 189 of this report. Local cooperation.--None. Terminal facilities.--There are two privately owned piers built out from the Coney Island shore for summer passenger travel and not extending to the channel. They are sufficient for this use. Com- mercially the channel is part of the water route between New York Harbor and Jamaica Bay. Coney Island Channel lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal' facilities, New York Harbor, p. 190 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-It has facilitated commerce with Jamaica Bay and the trips of scows carrying dredgings to the public dumping grounds and of barges carrying refuse to Barren Island. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None; the seagoing dredges could not be spared from other more important work. The expenditures, amounting to $619, were in payment of office expenses and contingencies pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 50 per cent completed. The last work of dredging, largely for maintenance, RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 199 was done in 1913. Upon the completion of this dredging the channel in its western end had been dredged to a depth of 20 feet at mean low water and width of from 400 to 600 feet;: an examination of this dredged channel by sounding, made in May, 1922, showed that the controlling depth had been reduced to 15 feet through a channel but 250 feet wide about off Beach Fortieth to Beach Forty-third Streets, Coney Island. The controlling depth in the eastern end, about off West Thirty-seventh Street, Coney Island, is about 17 feet at mean low water. Between these shoal areas a channel of project width and 20 feet and over in depth exists. The work remaining to be done to complete the project consists in widening the channel through the shoal in the western end to 600 feet and removing the shoal area in the eastern end by dredging to a depth of 20 feet at mean low .water and width of 600 feet. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $124,300.40-$111,371.21 for new work and $12,929.19 (estimated) for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended on June 30, 1923, amounting to $24,999.60, in restoring the channel to such width and depth as may be necessary to meet navi- gation requirements. The dredging is to be done by the use of one of the Government-owned seagoing dredges at such time during the year when it can be spared from other important work. No funds are required for expenditure during the fiscal year end- ing June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-The commerce through Coney Island Channel during the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of building materials, coal, petroleum products, and garbage, dead animals, and products to points in Jamaica Bay. There is a large excursion traffic to and from Coney Island and Rockaway Beach- during the summer months. Comparative statement. Calendar Short Value. Passen- Calendar Short Value Passen- year. tons. gers. year. tons. ge. 1918......... 168,550 $6,204,397 97, 785 1921.......... 191,66 $38387,4660 1, 148 48 1919......... 181, 925 6,191, 367 1,155, 964 1922......... 227, 212 7,215, 859 89, 245 1920.... 152,510 10,115,098 1,139, 451 The tonnage passing through Coney Island Channel to and from Jamaica Bay was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent Usual limit Class of freight carried. of total of loadef tonnage. draft of vessel. Building materials ................................. ................. 52. 4-12 Coal ............................................................. 28. 0 5-8 Petroleum products ................................................. .. ... . .. . . 4-12 Garbage, dead animals, and products ..................................... 1.7 5-10 200 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $7.97: New work ------------------------------------- $111, 371. 21 Maintenance -- --------------------------------------- 12, 929.19 Net total expended -------------------------- 124, 300. 40 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------149, 300. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............................ .............. ....... Expended for maintenance 1..... 66. 03 $5. 28 $252. 94 $407.25 $619.00 Appropriated or allotted................................... .. ............ 5,000.00 20,000.00 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------ --------- $5, 618. 60 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923------------------------------------------ 20, 000. 00 25, 618. 60 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance. 619. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------- -- ------------- 24, 999. 60 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completiorf of existing project------------------------- 157, 000. 00 19. BAY RIDGE AND RED HOOK CHANNELS, N. Y. Location and description.-These channels lie along the east shore of the Upper Bay, New York Harbor, and, with Buttermilk Chan- nel, form an easterly channel along the Brooklyn water front from the Narrows to East River. The combined length of Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels is 4J miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 369.) Original condition.-Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels were navigable by lighters, barges, and similar small harbor craft. The minimum low-water depth was 7 feet in a channel about 100 feet wide and hardly distinguishable from the adjacent flats. Previous projects.-The first project was adopted by act of Con- gress March 3, 1881. It was modified by acts of August 11, 1888, September 19, 1890, and August 18, 1894. A second project was adopted by act of Congress June 3, 1896, and completed in 1899. The amount expended on these projects and their modifications prior to commencement of work under the existing project in 1899 was $1,246,100, of which $1,090,000 was applied to Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels (as nearly as can be estimated), and $156,100 to other channels combined with them in these projects. For further details of previous projects see page 1768 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for channels 1,200 feet wide and 40 feet deep at mean low water, and for the collection and removal of drift. Length of section included in the project, 41 miles. Mean 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 201 tidal range, 4j feet; mean range of spring tides, 5J feet; irregular fluctuations, due to wind and barometric pressure, vary from about 4 feet below mean low water to 3J feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1910, is $3,459,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The data available is insufficient for use as a basis upon which to estimate, within a reason- able degree of accuracy, the annual cost of maintenance. This project was adopted in specific terms by river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, no prior surveys or estimates for channels of these dimensions having been published. A report upon a survey of these channels showing the depths in 1897 was printed on page 1177 of the Annual Report for 1897. The river and harbor act of 1907 author- ized prosecution of the work so as to obtain, first, a depth of 35 feet, subsequently increasing the depth to 40 feet for the full width, in accordance with the project of 1899; this permitted a change in the order of the work without a change in the project. The collection and removal of drift has been added to the project under authority of the river and harbor acts of March 4, 1915, and August 8, 1917 (see p. 241 of this report). The latest published map is in the An- nual eport for 1915, page 2150. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-See re- port on New York Harbor under this heading, page 189 of this report. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 123 piers and bulkheads used by shipping interests along the water front of these channels, 20 of which are owned by the city of New York; 9 are owned by the United States and are used as an Army supply base; 7 are leased by the United States, 6 of which are used as a Navy supply base and 1 for the transfer of cars; 20 are owned and in use by four ship- yards; 3 are owned and in use by a railroad company; 3 are owned by a rapid-transit railroad company, 1 of which is leased to the United States; and all others are either privately or corporately owned. Two are used as ferry terminals, 1 is in use by a city de- partment, and 27 have railroad connections. Twenty-eight are situ- ated within the limits of Erie Basin, 13 of which are used exclusively for shipbuilding and ship repairs. Many of the piers exceed 1,000 feet in available dockage, the limit of the largest being 3,500 feet; these piers are provided with large storage facilities, either on the pier itself or in storage warehouses on the uplands immediately in the rear, up to eight stories in height and 1,619,200 feet of floor space. The terminal facilities occupy practically all of the available wharf room along the water front. They are mostly of modern equipment, but by reason of limited space are not adequate to all the require- ments of the increased traffic. The terminals in Gowanus Creek (see separate report on p. 209) are reached through the Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) These channels lie within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 190 of this report.) 202 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINIEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Effect of improvement.--The improvement has opened up to use 4 miles of water front, most of which is already occupied by large piers. Ships which prior to the improvement could not have ap- proached this part of the water front now visit it in large numbers. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Work of removing sev- eral shoals in Red Hook Channel which limited the controlling depth to from 36 to 37 feet at mean low water was prosecuted by U. S. seagoing dredge Atlantic from February 5 to 14, 1923. This work resulted in increasing the depth over these shoals to about 38 feet (estimated) at mean low water. The area dredged over has not yet been examined by survey. The expenditures amounted to $6,168.41. There were removed and disposed of 17,140 cubic feet of drift material; the expenditures in this work amounted to $2,233.24. (See report, on "Collection and removal of drift," p. 241.) The expenditures amounted to $8,652.23 for maintenance. Condition at end of fleal year.-The project is 82 per cent com- pleted. Bay Ridge Channel was completed in 1915. Red Hook Channel has been dredged to a width of 1,200 feet for a length of 3,000 feet northward from its junction with Bay Ridge Channel and thence 1,000 feet wide a further distance of 3,500 feet and to depths of from 38 to 40 feet at mean low water. The controlling depth through a channel of navigable width for large vessels is 38 feet (estimated) at mean low water. The upper end of Bay Ridge Chan- nel near its junction with the Gowanus Creek project of 26 feet depth at mean low water is about 30 feet deep. To complete the project about 3,500 feet in length of the upper portion of Red Hook Channel is to be widened from its present width of 1,000 feet to 1,200 feet, and shoals which obstruct the dredged channel and limit its con- trolling depth to less than 40 feet require removal to project depth. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $3,225,000-$3,098,379.47 for new work and $126,620.53 for main- tenance. :Proposed operations.-The project width of Red Hook Channel is not yet available for the deeper draft vessels now using the waters of New York Harbor, and considerable shoaling has taken place in the upper portion of this channel and also in Bay Ridge Channel. It is proposed to prosecute the work of maintenance in both Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels by the use of seagoing dredges. These dredges can be spared but a limited time from other important work. The dredging, therefore, will be confined to removing shoals in such sections of both channels as will be of most benefit to navigation. The sum of $50,000, including the cost of engineering, superintend- ence, and contingencies, can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, in prosecuting this work. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of foodstuffs, building materials, coal, petroleum products, and general merchandise. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 203 Comparative ,statement. * Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918.................. ....... .......... .......... (1) (1) (1) 1919 ........................................................... 6 8,312 $697,305583 1045,308 1920 ....................................................... 5 263,182 890,229,115 2282, 831 1921 ......................................................................... 5,145, 038 801,601893 1896 579 1922 ............................................. 8, 835, 470 280,397,650 1,586,913 1 Statistics for 1918 were not collected. 2 Reduction in tonnage due to stoppage of commerce incident to the war and unstable transportation conditions. ' Exclusive of the following traffic: Car ferry (mainly from and to Greenville, N. J., not in- Cargoes in transit. Calendar year. eluded in previous years). Tons. Value. Tons. Value. 1920....................................... 5, 087793 $1,526515900 2,071,157 $24 758 285 1921.................................... 5,14,207 1,744262100 2815, 613 129 791 901 1922 ................................... 6,185, 241 1855,572, 300 2,110,273 52,315, 330 The increase in tonnage during 1922 as compared with previous years is due mainly to increased imports and exports. The tonnage for 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent Usual limit Per cent Usual limit Class of freight carried, of total odraft of draft of Class of freight carried of total drloaded draft of tonnage. vessel. tonnage. vessel. Feet. Feet. Foodstuffs................ 45.9 5-32 Petroleum products...... 8.4 4-22 Building materials....... 4.5 4-28 General merchandise...... 13. 5 5-32 Coal ...................... 3.6 5-14 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $26,312.93: New work ----------------- --------------------- $4, 344, 479. 47 Maintenance---------------------------------------- 26, 620. 53 Net total expended------ ------------------------- 4, 471, 100. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report___________---------_ 4, 471,100. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 ... . . . . . . .. . . ... . . . . .. .. . . Expended for new work 1 .... ... 7,606.22 $38,083.36 ............. Expended for maintenance 1..... $458.75 $1,552.18 14,014.10 7, 497.06 $8,652.23 Total expended 1.......... 458.75 1, 552.18 21,620. 32 45, 580. 42 8, 652. 23 Appropriated or allotted............. ..... ............................. ... ..... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended -- _--___ $8, 650. 83 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923-- -------- 1. 40 8, 652. 23 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year for mainte- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - - - - - - - -- - -- - - nance 8, 652. 23 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 204 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---- ....----------------------------------- $360, 600.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance.-----....--------..--------------------150, 000. 00 20. BUTTERMILK CHANNEL, N. Y. Location and description.-This channel connects deep water in the Upper Bay, New York Harbor, southwest of Governors Island, with deep water in East River northeast of Governors Island, and lies between that island and Brooklyn Borough, New York City. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 369). Original condition.-The channel was obstructed by three shoals: (1) A shoal or sand bar having a least depth of 9.5 feet at mean low water lying northeast of Governors Island about midway between the island and the Atlantic Avenue Ferry in Brooklyn (a narrow channel 30 feet deep existed on both sides of this shoal) ; (2) a shoal with an average depth of 10 to 12 feet at mean low water lying in the eastern side of the channel and extending from Red Hook Point to the entrance to Atlantic Basin; (3) a shoal partly dry at mean low water, extending out from the southern side of Governors Island to- ward Red Hook Point Shoal (a large part of this shoal has since been covered by the enlargement southwestward of Governors Is- land) ; a narrow and crooked channel 30 feet deep at mean low water existed between the two latter shoals. Previous projects.--The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880. It provided for the removal of such part of the shoal lying northeast of Governors Island to a depth of 26 feet at mean low water as would secure a channel width of 850 feet adjacent to the Brooklyn shore; estimated cost, $210,000 (A. R. 1880, p. 506; 1881, p. 629; and 1885, p. 92). The project was enlarged in 1885 by increasing the width to 1,150 feet and the cost to $360,000 (A. R. 1885, p. 671), and by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, the project was again enlarged by including Red Hook Shoal for removal to a depth of 26 feet at mean low water and increasing the total estimated cost of the project to $829,000 (A. R. 1893, p. 1051, and H. Doc. No. 26, 51st Cong., 2d sess.). By the terms of the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels, the triangular area between them, Buttermilk Channel, and a small improvement of Gowanus Canal were consoli- dated into one improvement (A. R. 1896, p. 755). The total ex- penditures under previous projects up to June 30, 1895, amounted to $449,584.88. Up to the time of completing work on June 24, 1899, under the modified project of June 3, 1896, and prior to commencing work under the existing project for improving Buttermilk Channel, there had been expended on the Buttermilk Channel improvement, as provided for under the enlargement adopted by the river and har- bor act of July 13, 1892, a total of $496,250. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 1,200 feet wide and not less than 30 feet deep at mean low water, connecting deep water in the Upper Bay southwest of Governors Island with deep water in the East River northeast of Governors Island, and for the collection and removal of drift. Length of section included in the project, 2 miles. Mean tidal range, 4.5 feet; mean range of spring 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 205 tides, 5.5 feet; irregular fluctuations due to wind and barometric pres- sure vary from 4 feet below mean low water to 3.5 feet above mean high water. Estimated cost for dredging work, made in 1900, is $1,900,000, the removal of rock in place or of bowlders over 5 cubic yards volume to be provided for when their presence can be deter- mined and their quantity estimated. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902 (H. Doc. No. 122, 56th Cong., 2d sess.). The collection and re- moval of drift was provided for by the river and harbor acts of March 4, 1915, and August 8, 1917. For latest published map, see House Document No. 44, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.--None. References to published articles not previously reported.-See re- port on New York Harbor under this heading, page 189 of this report. Local cooperation.--None. Terminal facilities.-There are 57 terminals with a length of 37,- 295 feet of available dockage, comprising 23 open pile piers, 20 crib and concrete bulkheads, 9 open pile wharves, 2 railroad float bridges, 2 timber ferry racks, and one is a natural bank. One is owned by the city of New York and is used as a dumping platform for refuse and garbage; the remaining 56 are owned by commercial interests en- gaged largely in foreign trade. None is open to the public. Thirty- five are provided with one to five story storage sheds located either on the terminal itself or immediately in the rear. Twenty are not shel- tered, and two are provided with coal pockets; the floor area of the shelters totals 4,580,000 square feet. With the exception of two steam derricks and a coal trestle, the cargoes at the terminals are handled by the use of the derricks of the cargo vessel or by the use of floating derricks. The facilities and methods for handling cargo are anti- quated and should be replaced by modern appliances and methods. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Buttermilk Channel lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Author- ty December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 190 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has resulted in open- ing up a water front of about 2 miles to deep-draft vessels up to 29 feet draft and in providing a through channel for vessels of that draft between the Upper Bay, New York Harbor, and East River. All of this water front has been built up with large piers, shipyards, and warehouses. Ships which prior to the improvement could not have approached this water front now visit it in large numbers. Operations and results during fiscal year.-An examination of the channel by survey in progress on June 30, 1922, was completed; the expenditures amounted to $1,362.92. No work of channel excavation was done; the seagoing dredges to be employed in this work could not be spared from other more im- portant work. The expenditures, amounting to $1,398.45, were in payment of out- standing liabilities, survey work, office expenses, and contingencies, and are chargeable to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-In the report for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1905, the project for improving Buttermilk Channel 206 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. is erroneously stated as providing for deepening the channel to 30 feet depth at mean low water and such width as the appropriation of $90,000, made by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, would suf:- fice for. By the expenditure of this $90,000 a through channel 800 feet wide and 30 feet deep at mean low water was excavated; no work of either improvement or maintenance has been done in Buttermilk Channel since this work was completed in 1905. As shown by an examination completed in July, 1922, the controlling depth through a channel 500 feet wide is 28 feet at mean low water; shoals in north- erly and southerly areas included within the limits of the project reduce the depth in the westerly side of the channel to 21 and 22 feet, and immediately opposite Atlantic Basin, adjacent to Gov- ernors Island, the depth rapidly decreases to 6 feet and less at mean low water. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $92,150-$90,000 for new work and $2,150 for main- tenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the unexpended balance from previous appropriations, amounting to $200,150, in dredging the 800-foot channel previously dredged to project depth of 30 feet again to project depth and in widening the same to a width of about 1,000 feet. The traffic along the water front of Buttermilk Channel consists of a considerable number of deep-draft vessels up to 32 feet; the channel is also used by through traffic between the Upper Bay and East River. To provide for this through traffic when ships are ma- neuvering to enter their slips along this water front it is proposed to continue the work of improvement by widening the channel to its projected width of 1,200 feet. This work can be most advan- tageously done by the use of seagoing dredges. All the dredges of this type available for use in New York Harbor will be engaged on other work of greater urgency during the fiscal year 1925. There- fore no funds in addition to those now available can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of Buttermilk Channel con- sists mainly of imports and exports. The principal classes of com- modities handled during the year 1922 were general merchandise, nonmetallic minerals and ores, metals, and manufactures. Comparative statement. Calendar year, Short tons. Value. 1920 1....................................... 3, 002,388 $621,178,319 19211 .................. .............................................. .. 2,059,129 421,961,327 1922 ............ ........ ..... . ...... ................. ............... 2,253,332 411,424,129 1 Exclusive of the following traffic: Car ferry. Cargoes in transit. Calendar year. Tons. Value. Tons. Value. 1920 ............ .................. ........... 38, 475 $11, 542,500 M994, 000 85, 46 090 1921.......................................... . 53623 16,086,900 760,366 54 231 1922.................. ....................... 71,170 21, 351,000 1,441,085 71 897, 2 RIVERS AND HARBORS----FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 207 The decrease in the volume of traffic in 1921 as compared with the previous year was due mainly to the general business depression. The tonnage for 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent Usual limit Olass of freight carried, of total of loaded tnage. vel. Feet. Qearal merchagdise....................................... ................ 33.4 6-32 Nonmetallic minerals ..... ........... .... ... ............ ........ .. 21.2 4-24 Ores, metals, and manufactures......................................... ......... 15.4 , 6-3w Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $101.70: New work --------------------------------------- $586, 250. 00 Maintenance-- ---------------------------------------- 2, 150. 00 Net total expended---------------------------- 400. 00 5------88, Total appropriations to date of this report----___ ----. 788, 550. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1023 Expended for new work........ ............ ............ ............ ......... . Expended for maintenance 1..... .$......... ................ .......... $753. 25 $1,398, 45 Appropriated or allotted............. ...... ...... ................. 2,300.00 200,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended- -------- __ -__------ $1, 546. 75 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923------------------------------------ 200, 000, 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923___---- 1. 70 201, 548. 45 June 30, - 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- - - - - - - nance - - - - - - - - - - - - 1, 398.45 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--------------------------- 200, 150. 00 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities_____---------------------- 643. 68 July 1, 1923, balance available-------------199, 506. 32 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---------------------------------- 1, 609, 900. 00 21. GOWANUS CREEK CHANNEL, N. Y. Location and description.-Gowanus Creek is a small tidal inlet extending northeasterly about 1 miles from the north end of Bay Ridge Channel. The section included for improvement under the 1 Not deducting receipts, from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 61637-ENG 1923---- i4 208 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. title of Gowanus Creek Channel extends from Bay Ridge Channel, at the foot of Twenty-eighth Street, up to Hamilton Avenue Bridge, Brooklyn, a length of about 4,000 feet. The waterway east and northeast of Percival Street is known locally as Gowanus Canal. The channel is shown on United States Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 369, but is not named. Original condition.-The channel, 150 to 50 feet wide, had an available depth of 11 feet; the channel of 9 feet depth was about 100 feet wider. Navigation extended through Gowanus Creek Channel to the head of navigation more than a mile farther inland through Gowanus Canal. The depths were as great as those immediately outside the creek and were therefore sufficient for such vessels as could enter. Previous projects.-The first project for this improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881, under the ap- propriation title of "Gowanus Bay" (H. Ex. Doc. No. 48, 46th Cong., 3d sess.) ; it was enlarged by the terms of the river and harbor act of 1888 by increasing the channel dimensions below Percival Street; and it was modified by the river and harbor act of Sep- tember 19, 1890, by including all that part of the project below Twenty-eighth Street in a new project entitled "Bay Ridge Channel in Gowanus Bay." The amount expended on the Gowanus Creek section of the improvement prior to commencement of work under the existing project in 1897 is estimated at $75,000. It is impracticable to estimate how much of this sum was applied to maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1769 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.--This provides for a channel 26 feet deep at mean low water, extending eastward from the end of Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels at Twenty-eighth Street, for a distance of about 2,900 feet to the foot of Percival Street, with width decreasing from about 300 feet at its outer or western end to 200 feet at its inner end, and thence to Hamilton Avenue Bridge, 18 feet deep at mean low water, and gradually reducing in width to 100 feet at the bridge, all as limited by harbor lines; also for the collection and removal of drift. Mean tidal range, 41 feet; mean range of spring tides, 5J feet; extreme range of storm tides varies from about 4 feet below mean low water to 3J feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1896 is $70,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. Estimated annual cost of maintenance, $3,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1881, provided for the 18-foot chan- nel, and the act of June 3, 1896, provided for the 26-foot channel. The collection and removal of drift was provided for by the river and harbor acts of March 4, 1915, and August 8, 1917. (See p. 241 of this report.) For latest published map of Gowanus Creek see page 919 of Annual Report for 1903. Recommended modifications of project.--None. References to published articles not previously reported.-See re- port on New York Harbor under this heading, page 189 of this report. Local cooperation.--None. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 209 Terminal facilities.-There are 48 piers and bulkheads used by shipping interests along the water front of this waterway, 5 of which are owned by the State of New York as a barge canal terminal, and were completed during the year; 1 is owned by the city of New York; 24 are owned and in use by five shipyards; the remainder are either privately or corporately owned and used for various commer- cial purposes, such as coal and lumber yards and for other local sup- plies. Three are open to the public; none has rail connections. These terminals occupy practically the whole of the water front. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Gowanus Creek lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority, December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 190 of this report,) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement upon freight rates can not be determined, but a large increase in com- merce has resulted. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The expendi- tures, amounting to $465.87, were in payment of outstanding liabil- ities, office expenses and contingencies pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1904. The channel was restored to project depth by re- dredging in 1921. When last surveyed in November, 1921, the con- trolling depth was 26 feet at mean low water. The total expendi- tures under the existing project amounted to $109,599.38-$70,000 for new work and $39,599.38 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended bal- ance on June 30, 1923, amounting to $3,629.38, in dredging for main- tenance, should this become necessary, and in the payment of office expenses and contingencies. No funds are required for expenditure in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of building materials, coal, and petroleum products. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1919...................... 1 607,261 $18, 802,541 19211...... 2, 839, 689 96,215,400 i920................... 1, 550,732 21, 248, 128 1922 1...... 2,333,809 60,365,115 Passengers carried, none. 1Exclusive of the following traffic: Car ferry. Year. Tons. Value. 1921............................................................................. 397 $119,100 1922.............................................................................30 9,000 ~ 210 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Statistics for 1918 were not collected. The increase in tonnage in 1921 and 1922 is due tb an increase in foreign and coastwise shipping in the locality. The tonnage of 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent Usual limit Class of freight carried. of total ft of draof tonnage. vessel. Feet. Building material............................ ............. .. 31.0 3-151 Coal........ ....... ............................................... 32. 9 6-12 Petroleum products.......................................................... 10.9 6-10 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1.15: New work-------- ---------------------- ----------- $145, 000: 00 Maintenance 39, 599. 38 Net total expended 599. 38 1-----------------------18 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 188, 228. 76 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.......... Expended for maintenance . ......... 2,925.16 832,980.74 $465.87 Appropriated or allotted..................... $40, 00................. . . July 1, 1922, balance unexpended __----------------- $4, 094. 75 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923-------------- .50 4, 095. 25 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 465. 87 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-------------------------------- 3, 629. 38 22. EAST RIVER, N. Y. Location and description.-The East River is a tidal strait about 16 miles long and 600 to 4,000 feet wide, connecting Hudson River and the Upper Bay at the Battery, New York City, with Long Island Sound at Throgs Neck, New York City, and separating Long Island from the mainland. The stretch between the north end of Black- wells Island and Negro Point Bluff is known as Hell Gate. The Harlem River joins the East River at Wards Island, in Hell Gate; they are also connected by Little Hell Gate between Wards and Ran- dalls Islands, and by Bronx (Harlem) Kills between Randalls Island and the mainland. Five bridges, having a vertical clearance at mean high water of 135 feet, cross the river between the Battery and Lawrence Point. From'the Battery to Port Morris, a distance of 10( miles, both shores are occupied by wharves, practically continu- 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST 1NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRIC'1. 211 ously, except where shoals or currents prevent access. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-A channel through the East River for sea- going vessels existed but was rendered dangerous by rocks and reefs scattered throughout the section extending from the Battery to Bar- retto Point, the existence of many of which was not known until struck by vessels. In Hell Gate, navigators had the choice of three channels, all of which were very narrow and wound through numer- ous scattering rocks and reefs, and the tidal currents were exceedingly strong; these conditions rendered navigation through the Gate ex- tremely hazardous. The widths of these channels ranged from ap- proximately 100 to 200 feet, and their mean low-water depths from about 19 feet to 26 feet and over. Elsewhere in the river the channel of 26 feet controlling depth ranged in width up to probably 500 feet or more. The original depths over the rocks and reefs are given un- der Condition at end of fiscal year. Previous projects.-Priorto 1852 there was appropriated by other than river and harbor acts $13,861.59, which sum was expended in increasing the depth over various rocks in Hell Gate. On August 20, 1852, Congress appropriated $20,000 for the removal of "rocks at Hell Gate and Diamond Reef." A new project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1868, which was subsequently modified in 1874 and at various times thereafter, and was enlarged by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1899, and June 25, 1910. As modified and enlarged the project provided for the removal of obstructions to the former projected depths given in the table in the paragraph Condition at end of fiscal year. The total estimated cost of all work under previous projects prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1917 was $8,791,044.59, and the total expenditures amounted to $6,239,219.04-$6,201,555.09 for new work and $37,663.95 for maintenance. The work accomplished under these projects is stated in paragraph Condition at end of fiscal year. Existing project.-This provides for channels of the following dimensions (depths refer to mean low water): From deep water in the Upper New York Bay to the Brooklyn Navy Yard, 40 feet deep and 1,000 feet wide; from the Brooklyn Navy Yard to Throgs Neck, 35 feet deep with widths varying from about 550 feet to 1,000 feet, according to locality; east of Blackwells Island up to English Place, Long Island City, 30 feet deep and varying in width from 500 feet to 900 feet, with widening in the approach from the main channel; between South Brother and Berrian Islands, 20 feet deep and 300 feet wide, with widening in the approach from the main channel; for the removal of Coenties Reef to a depth of 40 feet, local interests pay- ing the cost of the work below a depth of 35 feet.; also the removal of the following rocks and reefs lying outside of the limitiig lines of the main channel to give access to wharves: Along the Brooklyn shore, Brooklyn Bridge to Manhattan Bridge (Fulton Ferry Re.), to a depth of 25 feet; Jay Street Reef, 25 feet; Corlears Reef, 35 feet; Shell Reef, 25 feet; Horns Hook, 40 feet; Rhinelander Reef, 26 feet; and reef off Oak Point, 30 feet; for the construction of a dike in Pot Cove in Hell Gate, and for the collection and removal of drift. The length of the section included in the improvement is aboaut 16 miles. The mean range of tides varies according to locality, from 212 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 4 feet at the Brooklyn Navy Yard to 7.2 feet at the eastern entrance at Throgs Neck, and 4.4 feet at the Battery; mean range of spring tides, 4.8 feet, 8.5 feet, and 5.3 feet, respectively; irregular fluctua- tions, due mainly to wind direction and force, vary according to locality from 4 feet below mean low water at the Battery and 3 feet below at Throgs Neck to about 8 feet above at the Battery and about 10 feet above at Throgs Neck; extreme fluctuations are infrequent and do not affect navigation interests adversely to a serious extent. Estimated cost in 1921 for new work, exclusive of amounts ex- pended under previous projects, $46,514,000; for annual maintenance, $25,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: Public Resolution No. 67, Sixty-third Congress, third session, March 3, 1915, provided for the removal of Coenties Reef to a depth of 35 feet (H. Doc. No. 188, 63d Cong., 1st sess.), condi- tioned upon local cooperation increasing the depth to 40 feet; the acts of March 4, 1915, and August 8, 1917, provided for the mainte- nance of New York Harbor and its immediately tributary waters by the collection and removal of drift, and authorized the Secretary of War to allot such amounts as may be necessary for this work from funds available for specific portions of New York Harbor and said tributaries; the act of July 27, 1916, provided for a channel 1,000 feet wide and 35 feet deep across Diamond Reef (H. Doc. No. 188, 63d Cong., 1st sess.); and the acts of August 8, 1917, and July 18, 1918, provided for a depth of 40 feet across Diamond Reef and through East River and Hell Gate (H. Doc. No. 140, 65th Cong., 1st sess.), and for the remaining items under the existing project (H. Doc. No. 188, 63d Cong., 1st sess.), and the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, modified the existing project by limiting the depth to be made in the through channel between Brooklyn Navy Yard and rThrogs Neck to 35 feet, and provided for the removal of certain rocks and reefs and the construction of a dike in Pot Cove (H. Com. Doc. No. 3, 67th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is printed in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-"Re- move subaqueous ledge ttbove rapid-transit tunnel," by Col. Edward Burr, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, Engineering News Record, December 14, 1922, page 1021; Brooklyn Daily Eagle, on same subject, January 26 and January 29, 1923. See also report on New York Harbor under this heading, page 189 of this report. Local cooperation.-Public Resolution No. 67 (63d Cong., 3d sess.), approved March 3, 1915, authorized the removal of Coenties Reef to a depth of 35 feet at mean low water on condition that the city of New York or other local interests provide for its further removal to a depth of 40 feet at mean low water. On February 4, 1916, the city of New York met this condition by adopting a resolu- tion appropriating $240,000 for the removal of the reef as required; as much of this appropriation as may be necessary will be expended in the payment of work required to be done at the expense of the city of New York. For operations under contract for removal of the reef see paragraph Operations and results during fiscal year. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 2,13 Prior to 1913 local interests expended unknown amounts in the partial removal of Coenties Reef and in the construction of a dike connecting Bread and Cheese Reef with Blackyvells Island. Terminal facilities.-Both shores of the East River from the Bat- tery, Manhattan Borough, to Hunts Point, east of Hell Gate, a length of about 12 miles, are occupied by terminals except in limited sections where access is prevented by eddies and swift currents or by shoal water. The terminals consist of piers, bulkheads, warehouses equipped with modern appliances for handling freight, modern coal piers, bridges for the transfer of cars to and from floats, marine railways, dry docks, and ferry racks. Thirty per cent of the termi- nals are owned by the city of New York; 9 per cent are owned by railroads; 3 per cent by the United States; and 1 per cent by the State of New York; the remaining 57 per cent are either privately or corporately owned. The total available dockage measured around piers and along bulkheads in use for commercial purposes is about 230,000 linear feet. The United States Navy Department occupies about 2,700 feet of direct water front in Brooklyn Borough as a navy yard for the construction and repair of all classes of naval vessels, including large battleships of the dreadnought class. Some of the terminals owned by the city are open to the public, some are leased for commercial purposes, and some are used by city departments. Privately owned and leased terminals are used exclu- sively for commercial purposes; none is open to the public. Most of the terminals are efficient in respect to the method of handling freight. The methods in use vary from the most modern freight handling appliances to hand trucks. The appliance installed is generally that believed to be the best adapted for use in trans- ferring the particular class of freight to be handled. A few ter- minals in Long Island City and a few at Port Morris have direct railroad connection. All terminals are reached by well-paved high- ways in good condition. In an endeavor to keep pace with the growing commerce of New York Harbor the city authorities are constantly adding to and im- proving the terminals in the East River and elsewhere in the harbor. Private capital is also being largely applied to the construction and enlargement of terminals and the State of New York has completed the construction of four large barge canal terminals. In 1917 the States of New York and New Jersey enacted legisla- tion creating a joint harbor development commission. This commis- sion made a study of the port as a whole and under date of December 16, 1920, submitted its report to the governors of the respective States together with comprehensive plans and recommendations. The East River throughout its length lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Har- bor, p. 190 of this report. For full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-While the benefits derived from the im- provement can not be shown by its influence on freight rates or directly by the increase in tonnage, the commerce of the river is so enormous, both in tonnage and value, that every improvement which facilitates and lessens the dangers to navigation in this waterway is 214 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. unquestionably justified. Perhaps the most obvious effect of the im- provement is the increase in the number of vessels of large tonnage using the river; also, though the improvements made have rendered low-water navigation through Hell Gate safer for vessels up to about 20 to 22 feet draft, the shorter and safer inside route through Long Island Sound is not yet available for vessels of large tonnage be- cause of insufficient depth through the Hell Gate Channel. Operations and results during fiscal year. On June 14, 1918, the contractor being of the opinion that all necessary drilling and blast- ing in Coenties Reef had been completed, withdrew his drilling plant. The dredging plant was employed elsewhere on emergency work at the time. No work has been done on the reef since June 14, 1918, pending action by the city of New York under State laws in the matter of payment for work done under contracts in force on the date-April 6, 1917--of the declaration of war by the United States. On December 11, 1922, the Secretary of War approved a supplemental agreement annulling the contract with the United States and providing for final payment to the contractor. The ex- penditures amounted to $10,860.11. Under contract for dredging and rock removal in the channel between the Upper Bay, New York Harbor, and the Brooklyn Navy Yard (Diamond Reef Channel) operations in progress June 30, 1922, were practically completed; a few minor shoals remain to be removed and final examination has yet to be completed. This work has resulted in removing two small areas of ledge rock and in completing a rock cut through Diamond Reef 1,050 feet long, about 160 feet wide, and 40 feet deep at mean low water adjacent to the southern limiting line of the projected channel. The expenditures amounted to $621,189.02. Contract was entered into October 17, 1922, for widening by 200 feet the channel through Diamond Reef excavated under the above- mentioned contract and for removing two shoal areas by dredging and rock removal to a depth of 40 feet at mean low water. Up to July 1, 1923, the two shoal areas, one situated in about midstream off Pier 8, Manhattan Borough, and the other off Pier 13, Brook- lyn Borough, had been removed except for the removal of a few minor shoals. A small section of the latter shoal was situated di- rectly above the rapid-transit tunnel tubes connecting Whitehall Street, Manhattan, with Joralemon Street, Brooklyn. Such precau- tionary steps ivere taken by the district engineer for the control of blasting operations during the progress of the work as' appeared to him to be necessary for the safety of the tubes. These operations have been completed without injury to them. The expenditures amounted to $105,878.56. Under a contract for removing ledge rock overlying the rapid- transit tunnel connecting Old Slip, Manhattan, with Clark Street, Brooklyn, to a depth of 40 feet at mean low water, operations in progress on June 30, 1922, were completed August 30, 192.. The work done during the fiscal year consisted in removing a few scat- tering shoals. Such precautionary steps were taken by the district engineer in the control of blasting operations as appeared to him necessary for the assured safety of the tunnel tuibes. No danger to passengers or damage to the tunnel tubes developed at any time RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 215 during the period covered by the contractor's operations. The ex- penditures amounted to $138,644.96. Operations under a contract for deepening the section of Shell Reef lying between Grand and East Fifteenth Streets, Manhattan Borough, to 25 feet at mean low water except where prevented by ledge rock, were completed April 14, 1923. Acceptance of the work is awaiting the removal of a bowlder illegally disposed of and of one of the contractor's loaded scows which sank in the Lower Bay of New York Harbor. The expenditures amounted to $100,299.14. Work under a rock-removal contract for excavating an emergency channel in Hell Gate, in progress June 30, 1922, was continued in- termittently during the year. The contractor's drilling and blasting operations have been delayed by collision between July 25 and Octo- ber 30, 1922, and between March 9 and 23, 1923, and his dredging operations between August 8 and 21, 1922, November 22 to 28, 1922, and May 14 to June 7, 1923. Drilling and blasting operations were completed May 2, 1923, and dredging operations June 25, 1923. Sweeping the deepened areas by the contractor and the removal of shoals found in the sweeping were in progress at the close of the fiscal year. This work has resulted in excavating a channel 500 feet wide and 35 feet deep at mean low water off Hallets Point and in increasing the depth over Pot Rock to 35 feet at mean low water except for the removal of any shoals that may be found in the sweeping. The expenditures amounted to $240,293.35. Contract was entered into April 26, 1923, for widening the chan- nel on the easterly side of Middle Ground off Sunken Meadow by dredging and rock removal to a depth of 35 feet at mean low -water. Up to the close of the fiscal year a section of the southern end of the area included in the contract 30 feet to 125 feet in width and 125 feet long had been drilled and ilasted; no dredging had been done. The expenditures amounted to $5,436.66. Bids for dredging and rock removal in Negro Point in Hell Gate were opened June 25, 1923. Award was made to the lowest bidder, who proposed to remove ledge rock at a unit price of $9.25 per cubic yard, place measurement, and material other than ledge rock at a unit price of $1 per cubic yard, place measurement. The construction of dipper dredge HelZ Gate under contract and the preliminary trial of the dredge were finally completed and on June 18, 1923, the dredge was provisionally accepted. Final trial is to be completed in July, 1923. The expenditures amounted to $46,909.63. Drill boat Corlaer, constructed under contract, was provisionally accepted April 28, 1923, upon the completion of the preliminary trial. Minor changes and final trial are to be made before final acceptance. The expenditures amounted to $326,572.10. The construction under contract of a steel oil barge for use in this district and a steel water barge for use in the Philadelphia district was completed; the oil barge was accepted October 24, 1922, and the water barge October 26, 1922. The expenditures amounted to $39,208.88. The construction under contract of a motor dredge tender was completed and the tender accepted October 13, 1922. The expendi- tures amounted to $6,293.20. The tender was transferred to the second New York district by sale. 216 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. A motor dredge tender was purchased for use in the first New York district on dredging and rock-removal operations for the sum of $13,500. The following work was done by the use of Government plant and hire of labor: A number of ledge rock points and bowlders obstructing the ap- proach to piers along the Manhattan water front were removed to a depth of 25 feet at mean low water from a section of Shell Reef between East Fifteenth and East Twenty-sixth Streets. The ex- penditures amounted to $6,649.75. Several high points of rock dangerous to deep-draft vessels off Bar- retto Point were removed and disposed of; the expenditures amounted to $7,066.64. A number of bowlders and fragments of rock obstructing naviga- tion in Jay Street Reef and several large bowlders endangering navi- gation in the Diamond Reef Channel were removed to the depth of the surrounding bottom. Expenditures in payment of this work had not been made up to the close of the fiscal year. There were removed and disposed of 58,170 cubic feet of drift material. The expenditures amounted to $9,902.03. (See report on "Collection and removal of drift," p. 241.) Tidal and current phenomena, so far as they may have a bearing on projected and contemplated improvements, were investigated. The expenditures amounted to $5,910.78. Surveys were made to locate reported obstructions, to secure data needed for preparing plans for the projected channel and for deep- ening.the approaches to wharves, and to supply details pertaining to contractors' operations. The expenditures amounted to $18,322.60. The total expenditures amounted to $1,845,327.14-$1,835,425.11 for new work and $9,902.03 for maiftenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Under the previous project adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1868, as modified and enlarged, about 631 per cent of the work contemplated therein had been completed up to the date of the adoption of the existing project, August 8, 1917. The construction of the dike at Mill Rock was completed by the United States in 1882, and the dike at Bread and Cheese Reef was completed by the city of New York in 1881. No further work thereunder is contemplated. Under the existing project drilling and blasting operations in Coenties Reef are thought to be completed and about 75 per cent of the blasted rock has been removed; a channel of navigable width and 34 feet depth at mean low water has been excavated from deep water in the Upper Bay to deep water in the East River off Old Slip, Manhattan; a rock cut through Diamond Reef adjacent to the southern limiting line of the projected channel 40 feet deep at mean low water and about 160 feet wide has been completed except for the removal of a few minor shoals; a reef situated in about midstream off Old Slip, and directly over a tunnel connecting Old Slip, Man- hattan, with Clark Street, Brooklyn, has been removed to a depth of 40 feet at mean low water; a rock shoal in about midstream off Pier 8, Manhattan Borough, and another off Pier 13, Brooklyn Borough, have been removed to a depth of 40 feet at mean low water except for the removal of a few shoal points; lower Shell Reef, RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 217 between Grand and East Fifteenth Streets, has been excavated to a depth of 25 feet at mean low water by dredging except where ob- structed by ledge rock and scattering points of bowlders projecting slightly above the project depth of 25 feet below mean low water; upper Shell Reef, between East Fifteenth and East Twenty-sixth Streets, has been deepened to the project depth of 25 feet at mean low water; high points in Jay Street Reef, along the Brooklyn shore between Manhattan Bridge and the Brooklyn Navy Yard, have been removed so that there is now a least available depth over this reef of 14.5 to 23 feet along the pierhead line, gradually increasing to 18 feet and over at a distance of 175 feet channelwards from the pier- head line; a channel 40 feet deep at mean low water and 600 feet wide has been excavated off the mouth of Newtown Creek and con- nects deep water off East Twentieth Street with deep water in the west channel off East Thirtieth Street, Manhattan; a reef off East Thirty-second Street with least original depth of 28.7 feet has been removed to a depth of 40 feet at mean low water; in Hell Gate under a contract requiring rock removal to a depth of 35 feet at mean low water in Pot Rock and to make a channel 500 feet wide off Hallets Point drilling, blasting, and dredging have been completed and tni work of removing shoal points left by the dredge is in progress. There is now a channel available for navigation 34 feet deep and of navigable width connecting deep water in the Upper Bay with deep water in the East River off Old Slip, Manhattan; thence a channel 40 feet and over in depth and of varying but navigable width is available up to Hell Gate; the controlling depth through Hell Gate is 26 feet at mean low water; thence to Clason Point, 40 feet, and thence to Throgs Neck at Long Island Sound, 37 feet. As a result of the work done under all projects, rocks and reefs have been removed to the depths shown in the following table: Distance Least Least Former Present Locality. bywater original present projected projected Battery. depth. depth. depth. depth. Miles. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. 1. Battery Reefl ........... .......... ...................... 0 12.8 18 26 2618 18 2. South Ferry Reef 1................... ............ 0 17 19 26 26 3. Diamond Reef -................................. 15.7 20.3 25 25 4. Reef off Diamond Reef 1 ............. .... 19 26 26 26 5. Coenties Reef ................................... 14.3 30.7 26 40 6. Fulton Ferry Reef 1.............................. 1 12 12 .......... 25 7. Jay Street Reef. 1 . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ............... 2........... 14. 5 .25 8. Corlears Reef 2 11.8 11.8 .......... 35 9. Third Street Reef ..................... .. . 3 15.9 16.7 19 25 10. Shell Reef 5............. 2-4 7.5 16.7 18 25 11. Pilgrim Rock 8.......... 3................ 31 12 25 26 25 12. Twenty-sixth Street Reef 8............... 4 16.1 25 26 25 13. Charlotte Reef 4.............. ................. 14.7 26 26 30 6. ..Street 14. Thirty-second .. Reef...........4........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 28.7 40 26 40 15. Ferry Reef ........... ... 7 24 26 35 16. Man-of-War Rock .............................. +0. 8 26 26 26 d Such parts of these reefs as project into the proposed deep-water channel are to be removed to the project depth of 40 feet. s Cost of removal to 35 feet depth to be paid by United States; local interests to pay for cost of work below that depth. 8 Included in area No. 10 (Shell Reef) to be deepened to 25 feet. 4 Included in proposed deep-water channel east of Blackwells Island for removal to the project depth of 30 feet. 6 Such parts of these reefs as project into proposed deep-water channel are to be removed to the project depth of 35 feet 6 Included in proposed deep-water channel for removal to project depth of 35 feet. 218 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Distance Least Least Former Present Locality. by water original present projected projected depth. depth. depth. depth. Battery. Miles. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. 17. Horns Hook Reef............................. 7 22 22 40 18. Rhinelander Reef ...... ............... 7j 9.4 9. 4 26 26 19. Middle Reef ............. .............. 71 +6 26 26 35 20. Heel Tap Rook. ............................... 7 12.1 20.5 26 21. Hallets Point Reef .............................. +4 26 26 35 22. Frying Pan Reef 2............................... 7 9 26 26 35 23. Pot Rock -..... .......................... 8 8 26 35 24. Shell Drake Rock 2............... .............. 8 8 26 26 35 25. Ways Reef ............................. 8t 5 26 26 26 26. Negro Point Reef 1'............... .. ...... 9 ±0.0 ±0.0 26 35 27. Reef C ......................................... 91 33.7 33.7 40 28. Middle Ground 2............................... 10 11 15. 6 35 29. Reef off North Brother Island '................ 10t 16 24 26 26 35 30. North point of North Brother Island 1......... 11 4.3 4.3 35 31. Reef off Oak Point............................... 114 12.6 12.6 30 32. Rocks off Barretto Point 2...................... 11~........... 21.1 35 33. Barretto Reef' ................................. 111 17 26 35 1 Such parts of these reefs as project into proposed deep-water channel are to te removed to the project depth of 35 feet. ' Included in proposed deep-water channel for removal to project depth of 35 feet. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $8,143,040.69-$8,066,236.17 for new work and $76,804.52 for main- tenance. Proposed operations.-Under uncompleted contracts it is pro- posed- (a) To complete rock cut 40 feet deep and 150 feet wide through Diamond Reef Shoal along the southern boundary of the shoal. (b) To complete, or practically complete, widening the above cut through Diamond Reef Shoal 200 feet and removing two shoals to the eastward thereof. (c) To complete the removal of bowlders and soft material overlying ledge rock in Shell Reef between Grand and East Fifteenth Streets. (d) To complete an emergency channel 500 feet wide off Hallets Point in Hell Gate, including all of Pot Rock and part of Frying Pan Shoal. (e) To excavate by dredging and rock removal a cut approximately 100 feet wide through Middle Ground. (f) To complete the construction of the dipper dredge Hell Gate. (g) To complete the construction of the drill boat Corlaer. With the unexpended balance it is proposed in addition to ex- penditures under existing contracts- (a) To remove by contract for dredging and rock removal the greater part of Negro Point_---- ------------------ $1, 225, 000. 00 ( b) Upon the completion of work off Hallets Point in Hell Gate under (d) above, to enter into a contract for dredging and rock removal to secure a cut approximately 150 feet wide through Middle Reef---------------------------- 1, 325,000. 00 (c) To remove with Government plant isolated shoals, points of rock, and bowlders between Brooklyn Bridge and Hunts Point -------------------------------------------- 600, 000. 00 (d) To remove drift ------ ----------------------- 25, 000. 00 (e) General expense, engineering, and contingencies ----------- 84, 327. 11 Total-------- ------------------------------ 3, 359, 327.11 As the result of the above operations all funds now available will be exhausted or pledged on June 30, 1924. In the fiscal year 1925 it is proposed- (a) To widen the 35-foot channel between Brooklyn Navy Yard and Bushwick Creek by dredging and rock removal under con- t-ra nt k1 251 000 L1 ULL------------ ---- ,------------------------------------ 1p, ::)V, uvv RIVERS AND HARBORS--FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 219 (b) To widen the 35-foot channel and deepen isolated rock shoals between Stony Point and Barretto Point by dredging and rock removal under contract--------- ---------------------- $500, 000 (c) To remove all isolated shoals, reefs, and rocks obstructive to navigation between Brooklyn Bridge and Hunts Point by Government plant _-_- . - ---------.. 650, 000 (d) To remove drift and debris by Government plant------------- 25, 000 (e) For general expense, engineering, and contingencies--- 75, 000 Total ----------------- -------------------------- 2, 500, 000 The sum of $2,500,000 can, therefore, be profitably expended in the above work during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of coal, building material, petroleum products, foodstuffs, and ashes. Comparative statement. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. year. year. 19181...... 457 $4,447,041,016 50,531 20, 172, 494 32, 071, 134 $17881,199,647 1921 2...... 37,.504,827 1919 .... 53,414, 753 4, 099, 484,175 35, 622,401 1922 ......22, 392,635 1 363 341, 166 38, 434, 514 1920 ..... 30 710144 1,959, 290,999 36,141,379 1 Includes car ferry traffic and cargoes in transit, which are impractical to separate. 2 Exclusive of the following traffic: Car ferry. Cargoes in transit. Calendar year. Tons. Value. Tons. Value. 1920......... ................. 9, 262, 859 $2, 778, 857, 700 16, 785, 860 $988, 454,778 1921......... ....................... 8,693, 377 2,608, 013,100 18, 767, 647 897, 680,983 1922............................... 10,894,347 3,268,304,100 22, 498,106 1,519, 854, 332 The decrease in tonnage of 1922 as compared with previous years is due mainly to the decrease in the amount of coal handled, due to the miners' strike. The tonnage of 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual limir cent Usual limit cent Per of loaded of loaded Class of freight carried. of total draft of Class of freight carried, of total draft of tonnage. vessel. tonnage. vessel. Feet. Feet. Building material........ 8. 2 4-30 Foodstuffs................ 12. 5 5-35 Coal ....... 2......2.... 27. 8 5-26 Ashes .................. 17. 0 6-10 Petroleum products...... 5. 7 5-35 Financial summary. EAST RIVER. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $30,401.24: New work --------------------------------------- $14, 172, 815. 74 Maintenance --------------------------- 112, 257. 85 Net total expended_ ----------------- 14, 285, 073. 59 Total appropriations to date of this report. ---- --- 19, 328, 527. 07 220 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1... $566, 044.21 $1,155,817. 90 8.. 2,232,143.97 $2, 002, 656.73 $1,824,565.00 Expended for maintenance 1... 496. 29 7, 203.49 12,842.94 44,149.15 9,902.03 Total expended 1.......... 566,540.50 1,163,021.39 2,244,986.91 2,046,805.88 1,834, 467.03 Appropriated or allotted......... 6,500,000.00 ........... 100,000.00 2,000,000.00 2,704,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended_ ...... _ $4, 173, 046. 81 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923--------- _ . -- 2, 700, 000. 00 Amount transferred from other works in district 4,000.00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 _ 873. 70 6, 877, 920. 51 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work__ --- ------------ $1, 824, 565. 00 For maintenance_---------------------- 9, 902. 03 1, 834, 467. 03 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-...... -- --.-- - 5, 043, 453. 48 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities- --- ------ $337, 889. 60 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts--------------------------- 1, 346, 236. 77 1, 684, 126. 37 July 1, 1923, balance available--------------------------- 3, 359, 327. 11 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project.... ..-------------------------------- 33,372,800.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work...----------------------------------- 2,475, 000. 00 For maintenance------------------------------------ 25, 000. 00 Total -------- --------------- ' 2, 500, 000. 00 COENTIES REEF. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $15.25: New work --------------------------------- ------- $94, 975. 52 Maintenance-- -- ----------------------------------- 2, 210. 62 Net total expended----- ---- ------------------------ 97, 186.14 Total appropriations to date of this report 691. 97 1--------------------28, Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1..... .. . . . . . . 3, . . 215.82 . . .. ............. 5,535.25 ............. $10, 860. 11 Expended for maintenance 1 $1,146. 21 487. 11 $577. 30 ........... Total expended 1.......... 3,215. 82 1,146. 21 6,022.36 577. 30 10, 860.11 Appropriated or allotted................................................. 1 Not deducting receipts from sals, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 221 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended --------------------------- $42, 365. 94 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work__ 10, 860. 11 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--------------------------- 31, 505. 83 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR EAST RIVER. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $30,416.49: New work-------------- ------------------------ $14, 267,791.26 Maintenance--...-------------------------------------- 114,468.47 Net total exppaded-- 4, 382, 259. 73 1---------------------------- Total appropriations to date of this report.---------------- 19, 457, 219. 04 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1. Expended for new work ....... $569,260.03 $1, 155,817.90 $2,237,679.22 $2,002,656.73 $1, 835,425.11 Expended for maintenance ..... 496. 29 8,349.70 13,330. 05 44726.45 9,902.03 Total expended 1.......... 569,756.32 1,164,167.60 2,251,009.27 2,047,383.18 1, 845, 327.14 Appropriated or allotted......... 6, 500, 000. 00 .............. 100, 000.00 2,000,000. 00 2, 704,000. 00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended -------------------- $4, 215, 412. 75 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923_____________----------------------------- 2, 700, 000. 00 Amount transferred from other works in district ----- 4, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923----- 873. 70 1 6, 920, 286. 45 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work_____--- -- - - $1,835,425. 11 For maintenance- ___- - ------------ 9, 902. 03 1, 845, 327.14 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------- 5, 074, 959. 31 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities--- 337, 889. 60 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts 346, 236. 77 1,------------------------------- 1, 684, 126. 37 July 1, 1923, balance available ---------------- ----- 3, 390, 832. 94 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project__------------- ---. 33, 372, 800. 00 *-------- Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work ------------------ ' 2, 475, 000. 00 For maintenance-------------------------- ' 25, 000. 00 .1.V tal---------------------- ---------- -------- .I "2, 500, 000. 00 23. WALLABOUT CHANNEL, N. Y. Location and description.-This channel is a tidal branch of East River, N. Y., about 2.5 miles by water northeast of the Battery. It is located on the east side of the river in the bight of a bend, behind what was formerly an island known as Cob Dock, and is divided by a stone causeway, the property of the United States, into a north 1 Not deducting receipts from sralesr, etc. 3 ixclu~ive of available funds. 292 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, ,U. S. ARIMY, 1923. and a south section. The north section is the one under improvement by the United States. It is 230 to 350 feet wide and 2,000 feet long. T'he south section is utilized by the United States as a navy yard, (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 369.) Original condition.--The channel was about 15 feet deep at mean low water and frqm 40 to 160 feet wide. The length from East River to the stone causeway was and is about 0.4 mile, and thence Wal- labout Basin, a small arm, extended southwardly about 1,300 feet to the head of navigation. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 20 feet deep at mean low water, 230 to 350 feet wide, and about 2,000 feet long. Mean tidal range, 4 feet; mean range of spring tides, 4.7 feet; irregular fluctuations, due mainly to wind direction and force, vary from about 4 feet below to about 8 feet above mean low water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1898, is $40,000. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899 (H. Doc. No. 50, 55th Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-See re- port on New York Harbor under this heading, page 189 of this report. Local cooperation.-None required by law. From time to time local interests have done minor dredging in front of their own wharves. Terminal facilities.-The entire channel front is occupied by 5 piers, 27 bulkheads, 1 railroad float bridge, and 1 open pile plat- form; the total available dockage is 12,700 feet. Eighteen are owned by the city of New York, three by a railroad company, one by a rapid-transit railroad company, one by a gas company, and the re- mainder by private individuals or corporations. Three have rail- road connections and six are open to the public. The terminals are used mainly for the delivery and storage of local supplies, such as building materials, coal, ice, farm products, and general merchan- dise; they are equipped with cargo-handling facilities suited to the character of freight handled, and which appear to be adequate under existing conditions. There is no space left available for the construc- tion of additional terminals. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Wallabout Channel lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the Port of New York Authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 190 of this report.) Effect of improvement.---This channel has opened up a consider- able water front which is utilized to its full capacity, and has ren- dered transportation easier and better. It serves a good purpose as a terminal for the interchange of freight from water carriage to land carriage. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Dredging for maintenance was unnecessary. The expenditures, amounting to $235.43, were in payment of office expenses and contingencies pertain- ing to the maintenance of the improvement. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 223 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1900. The channel has been enlarged from a depth of 15 feet at mean low water, with widths of 40 to 160 feet, to a depth of 20 feet, with widths of 230 to 350 feet. The controlling depth through the chan- nel, as shown by soundings taken in June, 1921, was 20 feet. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $36,700; $18,173.69 for new work and $18,526.31 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The last work of dredging was done in 1911; the slight shoaling which has occurred since then is mainly along the edges of the dredged channel. No funds are believed to be necessary for expenditure in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1921 consisted mainly of building materials, coal, foodstuffs, and ashes, garbage, and cellar dirt. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918 ...... .. ....... 1,707, 079 $13, 748,522 19211 ................. 1,586,398 $52,351,645 1919 ................. 2, 625,186 105, 935827 1922 1................. 1, 689,734 20, 578, 586 19201................ 1, 694,152 30, 291,785 Passengers carried, none. 1 Exclusive of the following traffic: Car ferry. Car ferry. Calendar year. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1920 ................. 517 432 $155,229,600 1922.................. 572,178 $171,653,400 1921 ................. . 300, 892 90, 267, 600 The tonnage of 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Usual Per cent limit of Per cent limit of Class of freight carried. of total loaded Class of freight carried, of total loaded tonnage. draft of tonnage. draft of vessels. vessels. Feet. Feet. Building material......... 7.6 6-13 Foodstuffs................ 3.1 4-10 Coal.................... 28.5 5-22 Ashes, garbage, and cel- lardirt ................ 33.8 6-11 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $0.50: New work .----------------------------------- --------- $18, 173. 69 Maintenance___-- -------------------------------------- 18, 526. 31 Net total expended ---------- ---------------------- 36, 700. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report---....----- 36, 700. 00 61637-EN 1923--15 224 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.............. .. .. . . .. Expended for maintenance 1. . . . . . . . . $17.42 $24.46 $22.69 $235.43 Appropriated or allotted...... ........................... ......... ....... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended_------------ -__----____ $535. 43 Deduction on account amount transferred to East River, N. Y.-------- 300. 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance___ 235. 43 24. NEWTOWN CREEK, N. Y. Location and description.-Newtown Creek is a tidal arm of East River, N. Y., and forms a part of the boundary between the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, New York City. The mouth of the Creek is nearly opposite Thirty-fourth Street, Manhattan, and 4 miles northeast from the Battery. Its length is about 4 miles, with widths varying from 125 to 800 feet. About 21 miles above its mouth it divides into two branches, termed the East Branch and English Kills or West Branch. About 4,000 feet above the mouth a tribu- tary, Dutch Kills, 4,450 feet long, enters the creek from the east, and almost directly opposite another tributary, Whale Creek, 2,000 feet long, enters it from the west. Maspeth Creek, 3,550 feet long, branches off to the southeastward 21 miles above the mouth of the creek. Mussel Island, included in the existing project for removal, is situated just above the junction of Maspeth Creek with the main stream. Th drainage area embraces about 7 square miles, for the most part densely built up to the banks of the creek. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 369.) Original condition.-In 1857 the creek varied in width from 140 to 1,200 feet. Depths ranged from 0 to 17 feet at mean low water. The head of navigation in both branches for a 6-foot draft was at Metropolitan Avenue; the head of navigation in the West Branch is now about 2,500 feet south of a drawbridge at Metropolitan Avenue; the head of navigation in the East Branch remains unchanged. The total length, including tributaries, was about 5.7 miles. By 1880 the mouth of the creek had shoaled to 12.5 feet. Previous project.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, and was modified and extended by the river and harbor acts of July 5, 1884, and June 3, 1896. A total of $527,530.58 had been expended on the modified project prior to the adoption of the existing project on March 2, 1919. The amount spent for new work and for maintenance can not be separately stated with accuracy, the division in the early years being indeterminable. An approximate estimate is that $401,260.51 were applied to new work and $126,270.07 to maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1769 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.--This provides for a channel 20 feet deep at mean low water inNewtown Creek, including Dutch Kills, Maspeth Creek, and English Kills, and of the following widths: 250 feet wide at RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 225 the entrance to Newtown Creek, narrowing to 150 feet, and con- tinuing with this width to Grand Street Bridge on the East Branch, and thence 125 feet wide to Metropolitan Avenue on said branch, including the removal of Mussel Island; 150 feet wide in English Kills, or West Branch, to the Metropolitan Avenue Bridge across said branch, including "the easing of bends; 100 feet wide for a distance of 2,000 feet up Maspeth Creek; and 75 to 100 feet wide for a distance of 2,800 feet up Dutch Kills, with a turning basin at the head, and for the collection and removal of drift. The total length of channel included in the project is about 25,000 feet. Mean tidal range, 4 feet; mean range of spring tides, 4.8 feet; irregular fluctuations, due mainly to wind direction and force, vary from about 4 feet below to about 8 feet above mean low water. The esti- mate of cost for new work, made in 1915, is $510,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1915) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $18,000.. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 936, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The collec- tion and removal of drift was provided for by the river and harbor acts of March 4, 1915, and August 8, 1917 (see p. 241 of this report). A modification of harbor lines in the vicinity of Mussel Island was approved by the Secretary df War January 21, 1920, and a con- cordant minor modification of the project without change in :the estimate of cost was approved by authority of the Secretary of War March 22, 1920. The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-See re- port on New York Harbor under this heading, page 189 of this report. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, requires that all land needed for this improvement be furnished without cost to the United States, and provides that no work shall be done in Maspeth Creek, in the removal of Mussel Island, or in English Kills until this has been done and corresponding changes made in existing harbor lines; also that no work shall be undertaken under the existing project in Dutch Kills until the obstructive bridges near its mouth have been suitably modified. The lands needed for right of way in Maspeth Creek and part of the Mussel Island area below high water have been ceded to the United States by deed dated April 7, 1923. Title to these lands has not yet been approved by the Attorney General. The conditions governing the transfer to the United States of the remaining part of the Mussel Island area are in process of adjustment; no action has been taken by the local authorities leading to the cession of the land needed for right of way above Mussel Island. The work of modifying the bridges near the mouth of Dutch Kills has been practically com- pleted. Local interests at various times provided for maintenance dredging in front of their wharves. Such interests have also ex- pended large sums in extending the channel in the west branch from the Metropolitan Avenue Bridge southward, a distance of about 2,500 feet, to the present head of navigation at Johnson Avenue. This extension is about 160 feet wide and 6 to 12 feet deep at mean 226 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. low water. Extensive bulkheading, dredging, and filling has been done in the Dutch Kills branch. Terminal facilities.-The length of water front measured along both sides of the projected improvement is 8J miles, of which 6k miles are bulkheaded and 2 miles, near the head of the stream, are yet undeveloped. The total available dockage is 56,125 feet, of which the State of New York owns 450 feet as a barge canal termi- nal, the city of New York owns 2,040 feet, a rapid transit railroad company owns 510 feet, and 6,500 feet are owned by railroad com- panies. The remainder, 46,625 feet, are owned by firms and corpora- tions doing business on the creek. Twelve have railroad connection, and three, two of which are owned by the city of New York and one by the State of New York and used as a barge canal terminal, are open to the public. The narrowness of the waterway, except at the mouth of the creek, prohibits construction of projecting piers. The commerce of Newtown Creek consists chiefly of fuel, building and road material, copper and steel, chemicals, mineral oils, and fertilizers; it is handled to and from lighters and barges generally by steam derricks and hoists. All terminals connect with city highways in fair condition; those on the north side of the creek have ready access to the Long Island Railroad tracks. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Newtown Creek lies within the limits of the port district as recommended by the port of New York authority December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 190 of this report.) Effect of improvement.-The increased depth has greatly reduced freight rates by making the landings accessible to vessels of greater draft and carrying larger cargoes. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging under con- tract in progress on June 30, 1922, was continued; the contract was completed on September 12, 1922. The channel previously dredged up to Meeker Avenue Bridge was extended to Hobson Avenue, thus completing a channel of project dimensions from deep water in East River up to Hobson Avenue except for the removal of a large bowlder at Vernon Avenue Bridge subsequently removed by the use of Government plant. The expenditures amounted to $69,670.76. Under a contract entered into April 2, 1922, for dredging in Dutch Kills a channel'of project dimensions has been excavated up to the railroad bridge near the entrance to the Kills. Above this up to about 300 feet above Hunters Point Avenue Bridge a con- siderable amount of material entered the dredged channel from slopes and uplands on the north side of the Kills between Borden Avenue and Hunters Point Avenue Bridges; these shoals and others left by the dredge are to be removed to project depth. The ex- penditures amounted to $40,069.52. A large bowlder, 6.9 cubic yards in size, obstructing the channel at Vernon Avenue Bridge was removed by the use of Government plant. The expenditures amounted to $169.12. An obstruction to navigation consisting of bags of cement dumped into the channel through the capsizing of a barge was removed by the use of Government plant; the cement was placed at Mill Rock RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 227 for use in sea-wall and other work of construction for which it is suited. The expenditures amounted to $1,145.02. There were removed and disposed of 6,960 cubic feet of drift material. The expenditures amounted to $869.99. (See report on " Collection and removal of drift," p. 241.) The total expenditures during the year amounted to $118,184.49- $116,169.48 for new work and $2,015.01 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 37 per cent com- pleted. As the result of work done under the project a depth of 20 feet at mean low water exists through the main channel from deep water in East River up to Hobson Avenue; the project width and depth are available to navigation except at a few places along the edge of the dredged channel where material has either fallen into the channel from side slopes or has been forced into the channel by vessels arriving at and departing from their berths along the water front. In Dutch Kills the channel has been dredged to project dimensions up to the railroad bridge near the entrance; thence up to about 300 feet above Hunters Point Avenue Bridge the channel has been completed to project dimensions except for the removal of scattering shoals. As shown by soundings taken in 1915, the con- trolling depth at mean low water above Hobson Avenue to the head of the improvement in both branches was 14 feet; in the section of Dutch Kills not yet dredged under a contract now in force it was 9.5 feet, and in Maspeth Creek it was 8 feet. The work remaining to be done to complete the project consists in extending the main-channel improvement above Hobson Avenue to the head of the improvement in both branches; in completing the dredging of Dutch Kills under a contract now in force; and in dredging Maspeth Creek to project dimensions. (See under Local coopera- tion.) The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $217,623.92-$191,934.73 for new work and $25,689.19 for main- tenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended from previous appropriations, amounting to $190,745.50, in dredging the channel in Maspeth Creek and in removing part of the Mussel Island area below high water. The lands needed for right of way in Maspeth Creek and part of the Mussel Island area below high water have been ceded to the United States by deed dated April 7, 1923. Title to the remaining lands in the Mussel Island area, including uplands, is in process of adjustment; it is expected that the transfer of all the lands needed in this section will be accomplished within a few months. It is im- portant to the interests located along the waterfronts in this section that active operations be undertaken promptly after the transfer of the lands. The main channel in Newtown Creek has been completed up to Hobson Avenue; it is proposed to extend this channel through the Mussel Island area up to within about 500 feet of Maspeth Avenue, and to remove to project depth all or such part of the Mussel Island area lying between Maspeth Creek and the above proposed extension of the main channel as the funds appropriated will permit. The sum of $100,000, including the cost of engineering, superintendence, and contingencies, can be profitably expended in the fiscal year end- ing June 30, 1925, in prosecuting this work by dredging. 228 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Commercial statistics.--The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of coal building material, petroleum products, copper, and chemicals. The entire channel is used, and improvement has greatly facilitated traffic. Comparative statement. Passengers carried, none. The tonnage of 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent of Usuallimit Per cent of Usuallimit Class of freight carried, total ofloaded draft of lof Class of freight carried. total loaded draft of tonnage. vessel. tonnage. vessel. Fe(et. Fet. 17.7 Coal ...................... 5-16 Copper .................. 3.4 5-16 Building material........ 27. 4 4-22 Chemicals ................ 3.1 6-15 Petroleum products...... 10.0 6-20 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $431.12: New work ------------------------------------- -- $593, 195. 24 Maintenance ------ 151, 959. 26 Net total expended--- ----- ------------------ 745, 154. 50 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------935, 900. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1.... . $96.11 $2, 388. 75 $848. 44 $72, 502.45 $116,169.48 Expended for maintenance 1... 403.34 .............. 2,974.38 20,699.80 2,015. 01 Total expended 1......... 499. 45 2,388.75 82 3,822. 93, 202. 25 118,184. 49 Appropriated or allotted........ 80, 000. 00 220, 000. 00 .............................. 100, 000. 00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended $208, 916. 94 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923------------------------------------------ 100, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923------------- 13. 05 308, 929. 99 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year:1 For new work ___------------------- $116, 169.48 For maintenance --------------- 2, 015.01 118,184. 49 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 229 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ----------------------- $190,745.50 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities---------------$42, 317. 66 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts 31, 560. 90 73, 878. 56 July 1, 1923,' balance available-----------------------------116, 866. 94 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project- -------------------------- - 127, 300. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work ---------------------------------- 1100, 000. 00 25. HARLEM RIVER, N. Y. Location and description.-Harlem River and Spuyten Duyvil Creek, both' included in the project for the improvement of Harlem River, are two tidal waterways of a joint length of about 8 miles, which join at Kingsbridge. They lie wholly within the limits of Greater New York and separate Manhattan Island from the main- land. The East River entrance is about 8 miles northeast of the Battery, New York City, and the Hudson River entrance about 131 miles north of the Battery. Harlem River also donnects with East River by way of Little Hell Gate, between Wards and Randalls Islands, and by way of Bronx (Harlem) Kills, between Randalls Island and the mainland. These channels are not used by naviga- tors, being shoal, rocky, and winding, with strong tidal currents. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-Harlem River varied in width from about 300 to 1,500 feet. It had an available depth of 10 feet at mean low water from East River to Morris Dock, except at Highbridge, where it was only 6 feet deep. From Morris Dock to Fordham Landing there was a crooked channel 7 feet deep, and above the latter place the river could be used only by the smallest class of vessels. The width of Spuyten Duyvil Creek was about 150 feet at its head and about 1,000 feet near its mouth; it had a least mean low-water depth of about 4 feet from Kingsbridge to Hudson River; above Kingsbridge the depth gradually diminished to less than 1 foot at the head of the creek. A narrow channel at the junction of the two streams was ob- structed by a ledge of rock awash at low tide. In 1875 the mean tidal range at the mouth of Spuyten Duyvil Creek was 3.91 feet, and at Fordham Bridge, a short distance south of Broadway Bridge, it was 6.03 feet. Previous projects.-The original project for improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 23, 1874. There was ex- pended under this project prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1887, $21,000, all for new work. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1762. Existing project.-This provides for a continuous channel 15 feet deep at mean low water and 400 feet wide from East River to Hud- son River, except at Washington Bridge, where the adopted width is 354 feet, and at the rock cut through Dyckmans Meadow, where it is 350 feet and the depth 18 feet. It also provides for straightening the channel at Johnson Iron Works by making a cut 15 feet deep and 400 1Exclusive of available funds. 230 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. feet wide, and for the collection and removal of drift. The length of channel included in the project is about 8 miles. The mean tidal range varies, according to locality, from 5 feet at Mill Rock to 3.7 feet at Spuyten Duyvil Bridge; range of spring tides, from 6.6 feet at Hell Gate to 5.2 feet at Broadway (Kings) Bridge. Irregu- lar fluctuations, due mainly to the direction and force of winds, are estimated to vary from 10 feet above and 3 feet below mean low water at Hell Gate to 7 feet above and 31 feet below mean low water at Spuyten Duyvil Bridge. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1913, is $3,550,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $8,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 18, 1878 (H. Doc. No. 75, pt. 9, 43d Cong., 2d sess.). It was modified in 1879, 1886, and 1893, and enlarged by the river and har- bor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 557, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The collection and removal of drift was provided for by the river and harbor acts of March 4, 1915, and August 8, 1917 (see p. 241 of this report). For latest published map see page 1644 of Annual Re- port for 1913. Recommended ihodifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-See re- port on New York Harbor under this heading, page 189 of this report. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of June 18, 1878, adopting the existing project, and the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879, provided that the necessary right of way should be provided free of cost to the United States before work was begun. This pro- vision was complied with by the State of New York, which procured the necessary lands and completed their transfer to the United States in May, 1887. A similar provision is contained in the river and har- bor act of March 4, 1913, authorizing the straightening of the chan- nel at Johnson Iron Works. The river and harbor act of March 4, 1915, provides for the cession to the State of the land occupied by the present channel at that point, after the right of way for the cut-off has been provided and the new channel completed. A description of the lands required, with map, has been furnished the State of New York. By act approved April 1, 1922, by the Governor of the State of New York (chap. 407, Laws of New York), the State of New York appropriated $1,500,000 "to enable the State to purchase the right of way necessary for the improvement of the Harlem River and the Spuyten Duyvil Creek from the North River to the East River through the Harlem Kills"; under the authority thus granted the State authorities are negotiating the purchase of the lands needed for straightening the channel at Johnson Iron Works; it is expected that these negotiations will soon be concluded and title to the lands transferred to the State of New Yoerk by deed; it is proposed to vest title in the United States promptly thereafter. On January 21, 1921, the Board of Estimate of the City of New York authorized the issuance of corporate stock in the sum of $900,000 for the reconstruction of High Bridge, the river piers of which ob- struct navigation. Since then several plans for reconstructing the bridge have been under consideration by the board; its entire removal was also considered as a possibility Objection having been made by a RIVERS AND HARBORS---FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 231 number of influential civic organizations to the removal Of the bridge as a whole or to any modification in its lines which might mar its beauty, several public hearings were held and finally on June 29, 1923, the board of estimate and apportionment adopted a resolution approving the remodeling of the bridge so as to remove three piers and four arches and to substitute a steel arch therefor, at an estimated cost of $1,225,000. An examination of the river bed by borings taken along the line of the bridge piers to determine the character of the bed rock and of the material overlying it was completed October 18, 1922. Terminal facilities.-The direct length of water front measured along both shores of the Harlem River is about 16 miles; of this length topographical features render 4 miles unavailable for com- mercial use. About 5 miles in length of water front have been de- veloped by'the construction of piers, wharves, and bulkheads with a total available dockage of 42,800 feet, of which 15,175 feet are owned by the city of New York and 700 feet are owned by the State of New York, the latter as a barge canal terminal. Of the terminals owned by the city some are open to the public on equal terms, some are leased for commercial use, and a few are used by city departments. Such additional terminals are built from time to time by the public authorities as are needed to keep pace with the growing commerce. Privately owned and leased terminals, four of which are open to the public, are used exclusively for commercial purposes. Ten terminals have railroad connections, nine of which are owned by the railroads and one by a private corporation. The Harlem River is navigated mainly by barges and canal boats without masts and by tugboats with low stacks; sailing vessels seldom navigate the river, because of delays at bridge draws. The method of freight handling varies, ac- cording to the character of the commodity contained in the cargo, from steam derricks or telphers to hand trucks. All terminals are reached by well-paved highways in good condition. (For a full de- scription of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Harlem River lies within the limits of the port district, as recommended by the port of New York authority December 21, 1921. 1 (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 190 of this report. Effect of improvement.-The opening of Harlem River to naviga- tion has resulted in gr;eatly increasing the areas of Manhattan and Bronx Boroughs, to which heavy freight can be brought by water with a marked saving in cost. OpBrations and results during fiscal year.-None. No work of channel improvement has been done since 1917, pending the removal of piers obstructing navigation at High Bridge (see under Local co- operation); dredging for maintenance was not urgently necessary. Specifications for dredging and rock removal at and above Ma- combs Dam Bridge up to Broadway Bridge were prepared prelimi- nary to advertising for proposals. There were removed and disposed of 3,960 cubic feet of drift ma- terial; the expenditures amounted to $430.87. (See report on Col- lection and removal of drift, p. 241.) Surveys were made of areas to be included for deepening under a proposed contract and to locate reported obstructions. The ex- penditures amounted to $3,879.46. 232 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Tidal and current phenomena, so far as they may have a bearing on projected and contemplated improvements, were investigated; the expenditures amounted to $1,208.97. The total expenditures during the year, including the payment of outstanding liabilities, amounted to $7,555.83-$3,879.46 for new work and $3,676.37 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 58 per cent of the work proposed under the existing project has been completed. A channel 15 feet deep at mean low water and 400 feet wide has been excavated from the East River to Puitnam railroad bridge except at a few points where shoals project slightly into the channel and at Macombs Dam Bridge, where the available depth is 12 feet in the westerly draw channel and 11 feet for a width of 100 feet in the easterly draw channel. From the Putnam railroad bridge to the Hudson River the chan- nel has been excavated to a depth of 15 feet and width of from about 150 feet to 350 feet. The available depth for navigation through the Harlem River is estimated at 15 feet at mean low water, except at Macombs Dam Bridge, where it is not more than 12 feet. An examination of the channel in the vicinity of Broadway Bridge showed that considerable shoaling had taken place at that point since the last dredging; a channel of project depth and navigable width was, however, still available. The widths of channels through bridge draws are 98 to 100 feet. Approximately midway between the East and Hudson Rivers navigation is obstructed by the piers of High Bridge (see under Local cooperation). These cause eddies and high current velocities; limit the horizontal clearance for ves- sels, measured on a line normal to the channel, to about 44 feet; render navigation through the bridge hazardous for the smaller class of vessels; and for vessels of commercial size they render the stream practically useless as a through waterway. The larger commercial vessels using the section of the river north of the bridge as a rule enter and leave by way of the Hudson River, and those using the section south of it enter and leave by way of the East River. The work remaining to be done to complete the project consists of some dredging to remove a few small shoal points projecting slightly into the channel between Madison Avenue and Macombs Dam Bridges, deepening both draw channels at Macombs Dam Bridge, widening the dredged channel between Macombs Dam Bridge and the Hudson River, and straightening the channel at Johnson Iron Works; this latter work is awaiting the transfer of lands for right of way (see under Local cooperation). The total expenditures under the 'exist- irg project amounted to $2,149,077.21-$2,096,491.42 for new work and $52,585.79 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended balance from previous appropriations, amounting to $393,878.61, in deepening the east draw channel at Macombs Dam Bridge by dredg- ing and rock removal and in widening the previously dredged channel between Putnam and Broadway Bridges, including the removal of an extensive shoal in the vicinity of Broadway Bridge. Funds have been provided by the city of New York for the removal of piers of High Bridge obstructive to navigation. Objections made by various interests to certain of the plans proposed by the city for the modification of the bridge have been overcome and it is expected RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 233 that the removal of the obstructing piers will be accomplished by June 30, 1924. It is expected, also, that negotiations for the trans- fer to the State of New York of lands needed for right of way at Johnson's Iron Works will soon be concluded; title to these lands will be vested in the United States promptly thereafter. It is pro- posed in the fiscal year 1925 to undertake the work of straightening the channel at Johnson's Iron Works; this work will require the removal of both rock and material overlying rock by dredging and rock removal. To this end there can be profitably expended in new work in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, the sum of $400,000, including the cost of engineering, superintendence and contingencies. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of coal, building material, petroleum products, and ashes. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918...... 11, 298,747 $1, 447, 737, 195 385, 070 1921 1..... 4, 680, 040 $86, 136, 864 1, 695, 079 1919...... 5, 253, 514 475 290,714 668, 693 1922 1. 5, 457, 234 148, 702, 144 1, 949,021 19201... 3, 888 243 72, 985, 664 1, 020, 903 1 Exclusive of the following traffic: Car ferry. General ferry. Cargoes in transit. Year. Tons. Value. Tons. Value. Tons. Value. 1920 .................... 1, 601, 280 $480,384,000 4, 311 $496,670 ................... 1921............................................... 5, 015 687, 951 158 $2,425 1922..................... 1, 852, 878 555, 863, 400 19, 159 735, 763 1, 202 55, 492 The tonnage of 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Usual Per cent limit of Per cent limit of Class of freight carried. of total loaded Class of freight carried. of total loaded tonnage. draft of tonnage. draft of vessel. vessel. Feet. Feet. Building material..... 40.0 5-18 Petroleum products.. 1.9 6-10 Coal ................. 25. 7 4-191 Ashes............... 16. 8 10 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $5,672.90: New work-------- ---------------------- --------- $2,117,491.42 Maintenance--------------------------------------- 52, 585. 79 Net total expended- --------- ..---------------------- 2,170, 077. 21 Total appropriations to date of this report. .---- --- - -- 2, 563, 955. 82 284 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1....... $33, 189.17 ......................... $720.03 $3, 879.46 Expended for maintenance 1... 48.62 $2, 330.89 $2, 818.32 3, 899. 65 3, 676.37 Total expended 1......... 33, 237.79 2,330.89 2, 818.32 4,619.68 7,555.83 Appropriated or allotted......... ... .... ............. ........... .............. 250,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended _----------------------- $151, 416. 54 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act, ap- proved March 2,1923------------------------------ - 250, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923__________- 17. 90 401, 434. 44 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work -------------- ------------- $3, 879. 46 For. maintenance------------ ..-.. ------- 3, 676. 37 7, 555. 83 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_ --------------------------- 393, 878. 61 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities---------------------------- 354. 04 July 1, 1923, balance available_----------------------------- 393, 524.57 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---__ _______1___ _-___-__________2 1, 059, 600. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work __________----400, 000. 00 26. HUDSON RIVER CHANNEL, NEW YORK HARBOR. Location and description.-Hudson River empties into the Upper Bay of New York Harbor at the Battery, New York City. The section included under this title extends from a line joining the Battery and Ellis Island to the northern limits of New York City, a distance of about 16 miles. The width between pierhead lines is 3,900 feet at the Battery, gradually decreasing to 2,750 feet at West Fourteenth Street and 2,725 feet at West Fifty-ninth Street; thence increasing to 5,400 feet at Spuyten Duyvil Creek, which width it maintains to the northern boundary of New York City. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 52.) Original condition.-The width was greater than at present, wide stretches of shallows along both banks having been long since re- claimed and devoted to urban purposes. Few changes in the depth of the deep-water channel are noted, except in the narrow reach between Hoboken and the Chelsea district of New York (vicinity of West Nineteenth Street), where the contraction has been so great as to cause scour on the bottom. These contractions were made mainly before 1890, when the United States protected the stream from further undue encroachments by the establishment of harbor lines. A channel 40 feet and over in depth and with a least width of about 1,000 feet extended throughout and some distance above the section included in the project; it bordered upon the New York shore, except in the reach from West Nineteenth Street to West Seventy- 1. o .eucigr. ip.fo.a. s t. xlsveo viabefns 1 Not deducting receips from, sales, etc. 2 Excrlusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 235 second Street, where the deep water was found along the western shore or in the center of the river. Its width was limited by three shoal areas projecting out from the shores a considerable distance; one along the east shore from West Nineteenth Street to West Sev" enty-second Street, New York City; one along the west shore from below Jersey City to Castle Point; and one along the west shore from Weehawken to beyond the limits of the existing project for dredg- ing along this waterfront. The least depths found over these shoals along pierheads were about 21 feet, 20 feet, and 7 feet, respectively. Previous projects.-The original project for improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1875; the amount expended thereunder was $25,000. Joint resolution of July 1, 1902, and the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, authorized the diver- sion of not exceeding $45,000 from appropriations already made or authorized for the improvement of Ambrose Channel, New York Harbor, for the removal of a rock or obstruction in the North River, New York Harbor, near Pier No. 1 (known as Pier A), to a depth of 40 feet at mean low water. There was expended $43,979.12 in removing this rock to a depth of 38 feet at mean low water. Provi- sion for its removal to 40 feet at mean low water is made in the existing project adopted March 4, 1913, in which it is referred to as " ledge rock lying about 1,000 feet off Pier A at the Battery." The total amount expended on previous projects prior to the commence- ment of work under the existing project in 1913 is $68,979.12, all for new work. (For further details of previous projects, see Annual Report for 1915, p. 1765.) Existing project.-This provides for a channel 800 feet wide and 30 feet deep at mean low water from deep water off Ellis Island to 1,300 feet below the foot of Newark Street, Hoboken; thence to Castle Point the removal of a shoal to a depth of 40 feet; a channel 550 feet wide and 26 feet deep along the Weehawken-Edgewater water front; the removal to a depth of 40 feet of ledge rock lying about 1,000 feet southwest of Pier A at the Battery; the removal of a shoal on the New York side between West Nineteenth and West Sixty-first Streets to a depth of 40 feet; increasing the width of the 40-foot channel between the Battery and Canal Street, Manhattan Borough, to 2,000 feet; the remnoval of an obstruction north of the mouth of Spuyten Duyvil Creek to the depth of the surrounding river bottom; and for the collection and removal of drift. The length of the section included in the project is about 16 miles. Mean tidal range at the Battery, 4.4 feet, and at the mouth of Spuyten Duyvil Creek, 3.7 feet; mean range of spring tides, 5.3 feet and 4.8 feet, respectively. Irregular fluctuations, due mainly to the direction and force of winds, vary from 8 feet above and 4 feet below mean low water at the Battery to about 7 feet above and 33 feet below at Spuyten Duyvil. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1923, is $3,000,000, exclusive of the amounts expended under previ- ous projects. No estimate for annual cost of maintenance is given, as the amount required can be determined only from experience. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 719, 62d Cong., 2d sess.), was modified by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1915 (Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1914, pp. 234-235), and was enlarged by the 236 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. river and harbor act'of August 8, 1917 (H. Doc. No. 1697, 64th Cong., 2d sess.). The collection and removal of drift was provided for by the river and harbor acts of March 4, 1915, and August 8, 1917 (see p. 241 of this repprt). (For latest published map see Annual Report for 1915, p. 2144, and H. Doc. No. 1697, 64th Cong., 2d sess.) Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-See re- port on New York Harbor under this heading, page 189 of this re- port. Also " Report of the New York State Bridge and Tunnel Commission, 1920" to the Governor and Legislature of the State of New York. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.--The direct length of water front included in the project for improvement, measured along both shores of the river, is 32 miles; of this length 7 miles of the Manhattan water front and 10 miles of the New Jersey water front have been devel- oped for commercial use by the construction of terminals consisting of piers, bulkheads, warehouses equipped with modern appliances for handling freight, modern coal piers, bridges for the transfer of cars to and from floats, marine railways, dry docks, and ferry racks. MANHATTAN WATER FRONT. Large sums have been expended by the city of New York in the construction of piers along the Manhattan water front, many of which are designed to accommodate trans-Atlantic steamships up to 1,000 feet in length and 40 feet draft. Seventy-seven per cent of the terminals along this front are owned by the city of New York, 18 per cent are owned by railroads, and one terminal is owned by New York State as a barge canal terminal. Most of the city-owned ter- minals are leased for commercial purposes; a few are open to the public and some are used by city departments. Privately owned and leased terminals are used exclusively for commercial purposes and are not open to the public. The total available dockage along this front in use for commercial purposes is 171,000 linear feet. NEW JERSEY WATER FRONT. There are 301 terminals along the New Jersey water front. Of these 294 are either privately or corporately owned, 1 is publicly owned, and the remaining 6 are under the control of the United States Shipping Board. These latter terminals accommodate steam- ships of all classes up to the largest trans-Atlantic steamships afloat. About 55 per cent of all terminals along this front are owned or controlled by railroad companies for the accommodation of car floats, lighters, barges, and grain elevators employed in the transfer of freight to and from various points in New York Harbor and sea- going barges employed in coastwise traffic. Privately owned terminals accommodate vessels of all classes up to. 30 feet draft. Of the terminals along the New Jersey shore but one in Jersey City is owned by and open to the public so far as known. The total available dockage along the New Jersey water front in use for commercial purposes is 196,000 linear feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 237 IN GENERAL. Most of the terminals are efficient in respect to the method of freight handling. The methods in use vary from the most modern freight-handling appliances to hand trucks. The appliance installed is generally that believed to be the best adapted for use in transfer- ring the particular class of freight to be handled. Many terminals have direct railroad connection. The New York City authorities are constantly adding to and im- proving the terminals along the Manhattan water front, and private and corporate interests have in view the construction of additional terminals of large capacity along the New Jersey water front, par- ticularly iii the stretch above Castle Point. With the exception of terminals along the Weehawken-Edgewater water front, all are reached by well-paved highways in good condi- tion; along the Weehawken-Edgewater water front the approaches to the terminals are not paved, but are in good condition. In 1917 the States of New York and New Jersey enacted legislation creating a joint harbor development commission. This commission made a study of the port as a whole and under date of December 16, 1920, submitted its report to the governors of the respective States, to- gether with comprehensive plans and recommendations. Hudson River Channel lies within the limnits of the port district as recom- mended by the Port of New York Authority, December 21, 1921. (See under Terminal facilities, New York Harbor, p. 190 of this report. For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The largest trans-Atlantic steamers can now reach their piers at Hoboken, N. J., and along the Manhattan water front up to west Sixty-first Street. A large increase in the amount of pier construction and extension along the Weekawken- Edgewater water front has developed. It is impracticable to ascer- tain what effect the improvement has had on freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The following work was done by the use of Government plant: Channel of 40 feet project depth between the Battery and Canal Street.-The U. S. seagoing dredge Raritan was employed on this work from February 26, 1923, to April 7, 1923, and U. S. derrick boat E. R. 101 from September 12 to December 6, 1922, from De- cember 9 to 26, 1922, from January 1 to 31, 1923, and from April 16 to June 14, 1923. This work resulted in removing several of the shoals most obstructive to navigation. The expenditures amounted to $42,432.47. Channel of 40 feet depth along the Manhattan water front.-The U. S. seagoing dredge Raritan was employed on this work from April 16 to June 16, 1923, in removing shoals to provide sufficient depth for U. S. steamship Leviathan to enter and leave its berth at West Forty-second Street, Manhattan Borough. Other shoals that could not be removed by the Raritan were removed under informal agreement on June 22 and 23, 1923, and by the use of U. S. derrick boat E. R. 101 from June 14 to 27, 1923. The expenditures amounted to $32,868.66; of this amount $25,000 has been reimbursed by the United States Shipping Board to cover the cost of the work done below project depth. 238 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Weehawken-Edgewater water front.-U. S. seagoing dredge At- lantic was employed on this work from December 11, 1922, to Febru- ary 4, 1923, and from February 14 to April 8, 1923; dredge Raritan from December 15, 1922, to February 25, 1923, and from April 8 to 15, 19238; and dredge Navesink from February 23 to April 15, 1923. The work done by these dredges has resulted in the completion of a channel of project dimensions except for the removal of scattering shoals. The expenditures amounted to $161,021.30. Drift removal.-There were removed and disposed of 95,420 cubic feet of drift material; the expenditures amounted to $8,860.39. (See report on Collection and removal of drift, p. 241.) Surveys.-Areas deepened during the year and reported shoals were examined by sounding and sweeping. The expenditures amounted to $3,153.22. Tidal data.-Tidal and current phenomena, so far as they have a bearing on projected and contemplated improvements, were inves- tigated. The expenditures amounted to $2,502.35. The total expenditures, including engineering, superintendence, and contingencies, amounted to $239,469.81-$170,703.06 for new work and $68,766.75 for maintenance Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 87 per cent of the existing project has been completed. The work done has resulted in remov- ing the rock off Pier A to the project depth of 40 feet at mean low water, in dredging a channel in the Jersey City water front 200 feet wide and 30 feet deep; in completing the removal of the shoal along the Hoboken water front to a depth of 40 feet; in dredging the chan- nel along the Weehawken-Edgewater water front to depths of from 24 to 26 feet at mean low water; in excavating the channel between the Battery and Canal Street to project depth and width except for the removal of scattering shoals, small in area; and in completing the removal of the shoal along the Manhattan water front between West Nineteenth and West Sixty-first Streets to the project depth of 40 feet at mean low water, except immediately adjacent to the pierhead line at West Twenty-third Street ferry slips, where the depth varies from 19 to 29 feet along the pierhead line up to 40 feet at a distance of 350 feet out from the pierhead line. The controlling depth in the channel along the Jersey City water front, when examined in 1923, was 23 feet, and along the Hoboken water front a shoal with a depth of from 24 to 30 feet at mean low water along the pierhead line gradually increasing to 40 feet at a distance of about 500 feet channel- wards from the pierhead line extended southward about 1,500 feet from the entrance to the slip on the southern side of United States trans- port Pier 4. The channel along the Weehawken-Edgewater water front has not yet been examined since the last dredging was completed in April, 1923, but it is estimated that a depth of 26 feet exists through a channel of good navigable width. The controlling depth in the chan- nel between the Battery and Canal Street on June 30, 1923, was 39 feet, and along the Manhattan water front 40 feet, except in the vicin- ity of the West Twenty-third Street ferry slips as previously stated herein. The work remaining to be done to complete the project consists in completing the channel along the Jersey City water front by widening; in removing scattering shoals in the channel along the Weehawken-Edgewater water front; in removing shoals in the RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 239 channel between the Battery and Canal Street; and in removing the obstruction north of the mouth of Spuyten Duyvil Creek to the depth of the surrounding bottom. It is not proposed at present to remove the shoal at the West Twenty-third Street ferry slips. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $2,993,800.17-$2,620,422.01 for new work and $373,378.16 for main- tenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the unexpended balance from previous appropriations, amounting to $241,699.83, in dredging along the Weehawken-Edgewater, Jersey City, and Man- hattan waterfronts, and in completing the channel between the Bat- tery and Canal Street by removing scattering shoals left by the dredge in dredging for improvement in this section. It is proposed to continue the work of improvement by dredging along the, Jersey City waterfront, and to dredge for maintenance along this and Weehawken-Edgewater and Manhattan waterfronts; also in the channel between the Battery and Canal Street should this become necessary. The sum of $250,000, including the cost of engineering, superintendence, and contingencies, can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, in prosecuting this work by the. use of seagoing dredges, as follows:- Dredging for new work------------------------------------ $110, 000 Dredging for maintenance ----------------------------- 140, 000 Total - 250, 000 Total-----------------------------------------------250,000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of general merchandise, coal, building materials foodstuffs, metal and metal manufactures, petroleum products, and ashes. Comparative statement. Calendar Short Value. Passengers. Calendar Short Value. Passengers. year. tons. year. tons. 1918...... 45,483,803 $6, 181,330, 831 96, 361, 818 1921 1.. 35,168,448 $3,986,119, 214 99, 495,336 1919......51, 3 505 5,772, 290, 584 102, 713, 391 1922 1..... 39, 283,681 6, 022, 905, 071 97, 416, 754 19201.....34726,895 544, 151,669 82, 685, 739 1 Exclusive of the following tonnage: Car ferry. Cargoes in transit. Calendar year. Tons. Value. Tons. Value. 1920..................................... .. 12,111, 692 $3633, 507,600 4, 257, 312 $259, 082,604 1921 . ................................ 12,194, 793 3,658437,900 5, 499, 640 149, 351,781 1922.................................... 15, 669, 940 4 700,982,000 5,763,077 135,898,795 61637-ENG 1923----16 240 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The tonnage of 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent Usual limit Per cent Usual limit Class of freight carried. of total tonnage ofaded odraft draft of Class of freight carried, of total ofdraft loaded of tonnage. vessel. tonnage. vessel. Feet. Metals and metal manu- Feet. General merchandise..... 30.0 6-39 factures................ 5.5 5-35 Coal ...................... 22.3 5-26 Petroleum products...... 1.9 6-32 Building materials........ 7.4 4-30 Ashes .................... 4. 5 6-10 Foodstuffs................. 11.0 5-34 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $866.80: New work -------------------------------------- $2, 689, 401. 13 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 373, 378. 16 Net total expended---- --------------------------- 3, 062, 779. 29 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------- 3,304, 479. 12 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1.... $281, 798. 19 $330, 386.38 $770, 416.46 $306, 709.61 $170,703.06 Expended for maintenance 1... 48, 206. 01 150, 875. 41 17, 473. 13 59, 262. 98 68, 766.75 Total expended 1......... 330, 004. 20 481, 261.79 787, 889. 59 365, 972. 59 239, 469. 81 Appropriated or allotted......... 200,000.00 300,000.00 450, 000. 00 350, 000. 00 100,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended -------- -------- $381, 152. 65 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923------------------------------------------ 100, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 ---------------- 16. 99 481, 169. 64 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 For new work -------------------------- $170, 703. 06 For maintenance------ -- -- ----------- 68, 766. 75 239, 469. 81 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended______------------------------ 241, 699. 83 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities 4, 229. 49 1------------------------- July 1, 1923, balance available. ---------------------------- 227, 470. 34 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---------------------------- - 123, 400. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work------------------------------------------ 110, 000. 00 For maintenance ---------------------- ----- 140, 000. 00 Total --- ------ ---------------- -- ' 250.000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 241 27. NEW YORK HARBOR--COLLECTION AND REMOVAL OF DRIFT. Location and description.-This project applies to the Lower and Upper Bays, New York Harbor; Bay Ridge and Red Hook Chan- nels, Gowanus Creek Channel, East River, Newtown Creek, Harlem River, and Hudson River Channel, N. Y.; and Staten Island Sound and Newark Bay, N. J. Original condition.-Priorto adoption of the project the waters referred to were obstructed by drift of various kinds allowed to escape from pier construction and demolition, from scows carrying refuse, from abandoned and broken craft, floats, etc., and from vari- ous other sources. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the collection and removal of drift from New York Harbor and its immediately tributary waterways and authorizes the Secretary of War to allot such amounts as may be necessary for the work from funds available for specific portions of New York Harbor and such tributaries. It is wholly a work of maintenance. The purpose of the work is to afford relief from variable conditions of obstruction, and no advance estimate of the amount of work required and its proper cost can be made. The cost of this work from the beginning up to date indicates that an average of about $35,000 a year may be profitably applied to the work. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1915, appropriating funds for maintaining the New York Harbor entrance channels and by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, appropriating funds for the improvement of East River, N.Y. Recommended modifications of project.--None. References to published articles not previously reported.-See re- port on New York Harbor under this heading, page 189 of this report. Local cooperation.-None required by law. Voluntary coopera- tion of several of the New York City departments has been asked for and given, in so far as they are able to assist, particularly in the line of prevention. Terminal facilities.-Described in the separate reports covered. Effect of improvement.-Precisedata as to results of this work can not be obtained. The masters of patrol vessels under direction of the supervisor of the harbor of New York have observed a consid- erable diminution in the quantity of floating debris in the harbor, and some of the towboat companies have stated that the number of propellers broken by striking timbers is less now than previously. Drift is continually added to by the breaking up of old piers and of worthless, abandoned boats, parts of which pass into the channel either through neglect or connivance of parties who ought to prevent it. It is difficult and generally impossible to discover who is respon- sible for this. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The United States steamers Manisees and Rocckaway were assigned to collecting and removing drift when not employed on other work. During the year these boats collected and removed 375,870 cubic feet (2,937 cords) of driftwood. The pieces ranged in size from small blocks up to tim- bers of large dimensions, pieces of wreckage, piles, float stages, etc. 242 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The cost of this work amounted to $45,596.97, of which $39,889.62 is chargeable to the first New York district, and $5,707.35 to the second New York district; all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is one of continuous maintenance, for which no percentage of completion exists. The total amount of drift removed since the beginning of operations, May 21, 1915, is 2,789,911 cubic feet (21,796 cords). The total cost to June 30, 1923, amounted to $272,988.04. Proposed operations.-There are no specific funds available for this work; it depends on such allotments from other works as may be made from. time'to time under authority of the river and harbor acts of 1915 and 1917. Whenever such funds are made available it is proposed to apply them to continuing removal of drift. Commercial statistics.-None are pertinent to work of this char- acter. SAUGERTIES, RONDOUT, PEEKSKILL, AND TARRYTOWN HARBORS, AND WAPPINGER CREEK, N. Y. (GROUP B.) 28. TARRYTOWN HARBOR, N. Y. (B1.) Location and description.-This harbor extends along the east shore of Hudson River for a distance of about 1 mile below Kings- land Point, 29 miles above the Battery, New York City. The dis- tance to the 12-foot contour in the river from the pierheads varies between 1,600 feet and 2,200 feet. A small stream, the Pocantico River, whose source is 8 miles northeast of Tarrytown, empties into the harbor at Kingsland Point. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Sur- vey chart No. 281.) Original condition.-The maximum available depth at mean low water over flats extending out from the shore to deep water was about 6 feet, and the general depth over a considerable part of them was about 41 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel along the wharf front of the harbor 12 feet deep at mean low water and 150 feet wide, and northerly and southerly connections with deep water in Hudson River of the same depth and 100 feet wide; total length, about 5,700 feet. Mean tidal range, 3.6 feet; mean range of spring tides, 4.3 feet; irregular fluctuations are infrequent and do not materially affect navigation. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1907, is $36,000. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $900. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905 (H. Doc. No. 283, 56th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1900, p. 1520). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. In lengthening piers and constructing ferry slips along the southern half of the water- front under a permit issued by the War Department, the channel in this section previously dredged by the United States has been ob- literated; in lieu thereof, the permittee has excavated, without cost to the United States, a channel along the waterfront of the new construction of the same dilllensions as that previously dredged by the United States. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 243 Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, six in number, with avail- able dockage of 1,651 feet, are located along the waterfront of Tarry- town; none has railroad connections. Five with available dockage of 1,530 feet are privately owned, and one with available dockage of 121 feet is owned by a corporation. Other details are as follows: Four with available dockage of 1,551 feet consist of solid fill behind timber bulkheads, and two with a total frontage of 100 feet con- sist of ferry racks. The existing terminals are adequate for present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-As a result of the improvement there has been an appreciable increase in the water-borne commerce of the har- bor; vessels of increased draft now reach the wharves, and a slight reduction in freight rates has been reported. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The small balance of funds available was insufficient to secure results beneficial to navigation. The expenditures, amounting to $245.24, were in payment of office expenses and contingencies pertaining to the main- tenance of the improvement. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 88 per cent completed. The channel in the southern arm and along the water- front has been completed; in the eastern end of the northern arm a channel 60 feet in width and 350 feet in length has been dredged to project depth, and an additional length of 100 feet and 60 feet in width has been dredged to less than 12 feet in depth. When exam- ined in 1921 the controlling depth in the southern arm was 12 feet at mean low water through a channel of navigable width; in the north- ern arm it was 5 feet. When examined in 1922 the controlling depth of the channel along the waterfront was 12 feet throughout its project length and width. The work remaining to be done consists in dredg- ing the northern arm to project width and depth in the section of this arm where no work of improvement has yet been done. The total ex- penditures under the existing project amounted to $48,650.03- $29,311.03 for new work and $19,339 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended on June 30, 1923, amounting to $349.97, will be expended in payment of office ex- penses and contingencies and in case of urgency in such minor work of maintenance as can be accomplished at a small cost. The chan- nel along the waterfront is in good condition; some shoaling has occurred in the southern approach channel, but apparently not in amount sufficient to seriously interfere with navigation. No funds are required for expenditure in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consists mainly of building material, coal, and petroleum products. Comparative statement. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. alendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918........ 58, 755 $513, 863 99, 74,151 $1,604,839 427 1921........... 136,406 1919......... 216 102, 716, 857 809 1922......... 101, 76,296 861,858 244,469 1920..........73,055 141 771, 133, 781 244 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The relatively high value of the tonnage of 1921 was due to the large quantity of new automobiles shipped. The tonnage of 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Per cent Usual limit of loaded Class of freight carried. of total draft of tonnage. vessel. Feet. Building material ....................................................... 63.4 6-10 Coal ............ ........................................................ 20.5 5-10 Petroleum products........ ..... ............... ............... ..... . 12.6 6-10 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $18.20: New work------------------------------------------ $29, 311. 03 Maintenance--------------- 9, 339.00 1------------------------- Net total expended -----------------------.---- 48, 650. 03 Total appropriations to date of this report------------ ---- 49, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work...... ............................ ..................... Expended for maintenance 1.... $6.62 $25.27 $517.52 $11, 406.47 $245.24 Appropriated or allotted........................................ .................. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-------------------- $592. 71 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923--------------- 2. 50 595. 21 1 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance __ 245. 24 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended - _------------------------ -- 349. 97 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of ex- isting project------------------------------------------ 6, 300. 00 29. PEEKSKILL HARBOR, N. Y. (B2.) Location and description.-This harbor is an indentation about five-eighths of a mile long and 11 miles wide in the eastern shore of Hudson River, 42 miles above the Battery, New York City. Peek- skill Creek, whose source is 14 miles northeast of the harbor, empties into Hudson River about one-half mile northwest of the wharves in Peekskill. The mouth of the creek up to Annsville is known locally as Annsville Creek, and the upper section, above the highway at Tompkins Corners, as Peekskill Hollow Creek. The mouth of the creek is crossed by the New York Central Railroad by a bridge with draw span. See United States Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 282. 0 1Not deducting receipts from sal~s, etc. 2 Exclusive of avatilable funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK. N. Y., DISTRICT. 245 Original condition.-The controlling depth in the harbor was about 5 feet at mean low water, except near the wharves, where the depth was about 6 feet. The length of navigable channel in the har- bor, following the general contour of the shore, was about 1.8 miles. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water, 100 feet wide and about 1.8 miles long, extending from deep water in Hudson River north of the village to deep water south of it, following generally the contour of the shore, and two turning basins, 200 by 150 feet, of the same depth in front of the lower and center wharves. Mean tidal range, 3.1 feet; mean range of spring tides, 3.7 feet; irregular fluctuations are infrequent and do not materially affect navigation. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1896, is $50,000. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896 (H. Doc. No. 37, 53d Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Re- port for 1895, p. 999). The project was modified in 1896. For latest published map of the locality, see Annual Report for 1903, page 885. Recommended "modificationsof project.--None. Local cooperation.-Nonerequired by law. Prior to 1913 the local authorities expended $909 in removing shoals formed by the deposit of sewage, and private interests expended $150,000 in the construc- tion of a public wharf and $10,000 in dredging in front of it. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, five in number, with avail- able dockage of 2,240 feet, are located along the water front in Peeks- kill; none has railroad connections. Two of the terminals, with available dockage of 1,420 feet, are privately owned; one of these, with available dockage of 650 feet, is open to the public. One with available dockage of 200 feet is owned by the New York Central Railroad, and two with available dockage of 620 feet are used by a corporation. Four with available dockage of 1,470 feet are provided with mechanical appliances for handling cargoes. Other details are as follows: 3 with available dockage of 1,620 feet consist of solid fill behind crib bulkheads. 1 with available dockage of 120 feet consists of a steel coal-handling trestle 20 feet wide extending out from the natural bank. e 1 with available dockage of 500 feet consists of a pile wharf. The existing terminals are adequate for present and prospective needs of commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see House Document No. 652, Sixty-sixth Congress, second session. Effect of improvement.-As a result of the improvement vessels of deeper draft now reach the wharves, thereby reducing the cost of transportation. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The small bal- ance of funds available was insufficient to secure results beneficial to navigation. The expenditures, amounting to $12.14, were in the payment of office expenses and contingencies pertaining to the main- tenance of the improvement. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The prQject was completed in 1899. The improved channel has a lengtK of 4,300 feet in the northern arm, 1,700 feet along the water front, and 3.500 feet in the 246 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. southern arm. When examined in 1921, the controlling depth through a channel of navigable width was 10 feet at mean low water. Elsewhere it varied from 8.5 up to 10 feet at mean low water. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $36,314.30- $19,400 for new work and $16,914. 30 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the balance uriex- pended on June 30, 1923, amounting to $185.70, in payment of office expenses and contingencies and in case of urgency in such minor work of maintenance as can be accomplished at a small cost. Though the width of the dredged channel has been reduced by material entering it from side slopes, no complaints have been re- ceived from navigators or others interested in the commerce of the locality. No funds are required for expenditure in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of building material and coal. Comparative statement. Calendar Short Value Passen- Calendar Short Value Passen- year. tons. gers. gers. tons. gers. 1918........ 104, 493 $18, 773, 233 ........ 1921....... 95,530 $5, 438,121 1919 ........ 91, 044 12, 648, 367 51384 1922........ 138, 144 2,432, 204 2, 738 1920......... 93,767 9, 549, 954.......... Passenger traffic in the harbor during 1919 consisted solely of excursionists outbound and inbound. Excursion steamers did not use Peekskill Harbor during 1920 and 1921 on account of insuffi- cient depth of water, due to shoaling in the channel. The tonnage of 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried. of total loaded tonnage. draft of vessels. Feet. Bu gklmgmaterial......................... ......................... 65.2 5-10 Coa ... ..................................................................... 19.8 6-10 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $4.35: New work - ----------------------------------------- $19, 400. 00 Maintenance ------------------- --------------------- 16, 914. 30 Net total expended ---------------------------------- 36, 314. 30 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 36, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30.. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work....................... ......... .............. ........ . . Expended for maintenance 1..... $6.76 $23.88 $191.97 $5, 427.30 $12.14 Appropriated or allotted.................................................. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 247 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended----------------------------- $197. 59 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923---------------------- .25 197. 84 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 1 12. 14 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------- 185. 70 30. WAPPINGER CREEK, N. Y. (B3.) Location and description.-This creek is a small stream which empties into Hudson River from the east, about 64 miles by water north of the Battery, New York City, and one-half mile below the village of New Hamburg, N. Y. Its source is 30 miles slightly east of north from its mouth. The head of navigation is at the village of Wappinger Falls, about 2 miles above its frouth, and is marked by a series of falls, with an aggregate height of 861 feet above mean low water. Below the falls the creek is tidal and varies in width from 90 feet to 900 feet. The drainage area is 216 square miles. The average discharge varies according to season and amount of rain- fall from about 53 second-feet to 1,420 second-feet. Two draw- bridges cross the creek-one at the mouth, a railroad bridge, and the other, a highway bridge, about 1,000 feet farther upstream; both have solid fill approaches. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 283.) Original condition.-The channel used by navigators was winding and not exceeding 6 feet in depth at mean low water and from 25 to 75 feet in width. The head of navigation was and is at the lower falls. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep at mean low water, 80 feet wide and about 2 miles long, extending from the mouth to about 200 feet below the lower falls. Mean tidal range, 2.9 feet; mean range of spring tides, 3.4 feet; irregular fluctuations are infrequent and do not materially affect navigation. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1890, is $13,000. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890 (H. Doc. No. 25, 51st Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1890, p. 758). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1904, page 1051. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. About 1890 local in- terests expended $34,000 in dredging a channel for boats carrying freight from the head of navigation to the railroad bridge and about $500 on a public wharf. Terminal facilities.-Water terminals, five in number, with avail- able dockage of 2,415 feet, are located-one with available dockage of 75 feet on the north side of the railroad trestle bridge and directly connected with the railroad, one with available dockage of 300 feet just north of the highway bridge, one with available dockage of 300 feet about 1 mile below the head of navigation, and two with avail- able dockage of 1,740 feet close to the head of navigation. All are 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 248 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. privately owned. The terminal at the railroad trestle has no high- way connection; the approach to one of the terminals at the head of navigation, with 1,700 feet of available dockage, is by paved highway in good condition; the approaches to all others are not paved and are in poor condition. Other details are as follows: 1 with available dockage of 75 feet is of open pile work; 3 with available dockage of 640 feet consist of solid fill behind timber bulkheads; and 1 with available dockage of 1,700 feet consists of solid fill behind a dry rubblestone wall. The existing terminals appear to be adequate for existing com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doe. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-As a result of the improvement vessels of deeper draft now use the creek, thereby reducing the cost of trans- portation. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. There were no expenditures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1892. When examined in 1921 about 200 feet in length of channel at the head of the improvement had shoaled to about 6 feet in depth at mean low water; below this project dimensions existed through a stretch of about 4,000 feet; elsewhere, the channel had been narrowed in certain sections by material falling in from side slopes. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $32,428.55-$13,000 for new work and $19,428.55 for main- tenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the unexpended balance on June 30, 1923, amounting to $71.45, in payment of office expenses and contingencies. As stated in paragraph Condition at end of fiscal year, project width and depth are not available to navigation in certain sections of the dredged channel, but so far as known the channel still meets all reasonable requirements of navigation. No funds are required for expenditure in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of building material and coal. Comparative statement. Calendar Short Calendar Short Value. Passengers . Calendar tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar 1918........ 65716 $4, 074, 742 15612 1921........ 23, 228 6,762, 342 2,000 1919........ 28,001 31 ,127,374 7 905 1922........ 28,590 193, 942 .. 1920........ 32,767 10, 340, 545 8 638 The decrease in the value per ton in 1920 as compared with statistics for 1919 is due mainly to the lower value reported for cotton piece goods. The decrease in the tonnage of 1921 as compared with that of previous years is due to the discontinuance of the steamboat freight service between Wappinger Falls and Newburgh. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 249 The decrease in the value of the tonnage of 1922 as compared with previous years is due to the small amount of textiles and the larger amount of lesser priced commodities transported. The steamboat line which abandoned its freight service early in 1921, but continued to carry passengers, has ceased operating on the creek entirely. The tonnage of 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried. of total loaded tonnage. draft of vessel. Feet. Building material......................................................... 76.1 6-9 Coal. .......... .......................................................... 21.1 6-9 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $6.53: New work------------------------------ ------------ $13,000. 00 Maintenance-----------------------------------------19,428. 55 Net total expended----------------------------------32,428. 55 Total appropriations to date of this report ____________ __ 32,500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work....... ............. .. .................... ........... Expended for maintenance 1... $6.76 $20.76 $323. 07 $2, 865.40 ........... Appropriated or allotted...................................................... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ---------------------------- $71.45 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------------------------ 71.45 31. SAUGERTIES HARBOR, N. Y. (B4.) Location and description.-This harbor comprises about four-fifths of a mile in length of the tidal mouth of Esopus Creek, which empties into Hudson River from the west, about 100 miles north of the Battery, New York City, and 44 miles south of Albany. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 283.) Original condition.-The original depth at mean low water over a bar at the mouth of the creek was 3 feet. The head of navigation was and is at the .wharves of the village of Saugerties, N. Y., about one-half mile below a dam and rapids and about 6,000 feet from deep water in Hudson River. Prior to improvement by the United States, dredging by the State of New York had provided a channel across the bar 7.5 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide. Preious project.--The original project was adopted July 5, 1884, modified in 1887, and completed in 1892, at an expenditure of $42,000. From 1892 to June 30, 1902, $15,000 was expended for maintenance, 250 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. making the total expenditures for new work and for maintenance prior to commencing work under the existing project in 1902, $57,000. For further details of previous project see Annual Report for 1915, page 1765. Existing project.-The existing project provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide from deep water in Hudson River to the steamboat wharf in the village of Saugerties, a distance of about four-fifths of a mile, to be secured by dredging and rock removal between longitudinal pile dikes filled with rubble stone which were built under the previous project, and for the ex- tension of the south dike westward about 155 feet to the shore line. Mean tidal range, 4 feet; mean range of spring tides, 4.4 feet; irregular fluctuations due to freshets are infrequent and do not materially affect navigation. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1899, is $44,685, exclusive of amounts expended under pre- vious projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The work was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 5, 1884, provided for longitudinal dikes (Annual Report for 1884, p. 716), and the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the present channel dimensions and dike extension (H. Doc. No. 107, 56th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1900, p. 1518). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. Previous to improve- ment by the United States local interests and the State of New York had expended about $14,250 in the construction of dikes and dredging. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities which serve the im- provement consist of five timber wharves, aggregating 2,400 feet in length, all privately owned, of which four, aggregating 1,600 feet in length, are open to public use. In addition to the above the Stand- ard Oil Co. operates a terminal for the transfer of its product. The existing terminals are sufficient for the present needs of navigation. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.---The improvement has afforded the village of Saugerties the advantages of low freight and passenger rates and quick facilities for reaching commercial centers with freight during the season of navigation. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The expendi- tures during the year, amounting to $56.78, were in payment of office expenses and contingencies pertaining to the maintenance of the im- provement. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project has been considered completed since the completion of the channel excavation in 1913, although the shore extension of the south dike authorized in the present project has not been constructed because the freshets, since the completion of the Ashokan Dam on Esopus Creek, appear to have been reduced to a point where they have no effect in scouring the channel. The dikes are about 2,385 feet and 1,950 feet long, re- spectively, and about 260 feet apart. An examination in July, 1921, showed that the channel between the dikes had maintained a con- trolling depth of about 11 feet at mean low water, except at the RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 251 Hudson River end, where a shoal had formed against the south dike. This shoal is not of sufficient extent to interfere seriously with navigation. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $73,632.59-$39,904.91 for new work and $33,727.68 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-No operations are proposed except such maintenance operations as may become necessary and for which there are sufficient funds on hand. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of coal, flagging, petroleum products, and paper. Comparative statement. Calendar Short Value. Passengers. Calendar Short Value. Passengers. year. I tons. year. tons. 1918......... 48, 745 $1, 820, 598 10, 628 1921.......... 21,470 $1, 381, 705 19, 556 1919......... 38, 189 4,634, 399 15,383 1922.......... 38, 484 2, 368, 464 23, 371 1920.......... 49,026 5, 666,438 16,183 The decrease in tonnage for 1921 as compared with previous years is due to relatively small amounts of clay and paper transported. The tonnage for 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Usual Per cent limit of Per cent limit of Class of freight carried. of total loaded Class of freight carried. of total loaded tonnage. draft of tonnage. draft of vessel. vessel. Feet. Feet. Coal ...................... 21.1 6-10 Petroleum products..... 2.7 5-10 Flagging ................ . 25.9 5-10 Paper products........ 30.7 6-7 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $5.95: New work ------------------------------------------ $81, 904. 91 Maintenance__________________--_____ 48, 727. 68 Net total expended__ --------------------------------- 130, 632. 59 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 133, 750. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work......................................................... Expended for maintenance 1.. $83.99 $236.79 $3, 764.73 $4, 835.32 $56.78 Appropriated orallotted..................... ...................................... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ---------------------------- $3, 174. 19 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance ---- ----- 56. 78 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended --...... ----- -------- 3, 117. 41 252 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 32. RONDOUT HARBOR, N. Y. (B5.) Location and description.--This harbor comprises the tidal mouth, about one-half mile in length, of Rondout Creek, which empties into Hudson River from the west about 89 miles north of the Battery, New York City, and 55 miles south of Albany; a dam crosses the creek at Eddyville, about 4 miles above the mouth. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 283.) Original condition.-With the exception of the bar at the mouth, the creek was navigable for deep-draft vessels to the village of Rondout, and for vessels drawing less than 8 feet it was navigable from Rondout to the present head of navigation at the dam at Eddy- ville, which marked the easterly end of the Delaware & Hudson Canal, since abandoned. Prior to improvement by the United States, dredging by local interests and by the State of New York had re- sulted in the formation of a channel across the bar 7 feet deep at mean low water and about 400 feet wide, connecting deep water in Hudson River with that in the creek. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel across the mud flats at the mouth of the creek, about 3,000 feet long, 14 feet deep at mean low water, and 100 feet wide, to be secured by dredging; for two parallel dikes 350 feet apart, to maintain the channel, and for a branch dike to extend upstream from the outer end of the north dike to protect that dike from running ice in Hudson River. Mean tldal range, 3.57 feet; mean range of spring tides, 4.4 feet; irregular fluc- tuations, due to freshets, are infrequent and do not materially affect navigation. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1872, is $172,500. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,500. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 10, 1872 (S. Doc. No. 35, 42d Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see House Document No. 390, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. Previous to improve- ment by the United States, local interests and the State of New York had spent an amount not now known in dredging at the mouth of the creek. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities which serve the im- provement consist of nine timber wharves aggregating 7,050 feet in length, equipped with transfer facilities; all privately owned. The existing terminals appear to be sufficient for the present needs of navigation. *(For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement, by permitting the use of rather large river steamers, has afforded the village of Rondout and the city of Kingston the advantage of low freight and passenger rates and quick facilities for reaching commercial centers, especially New York City, during the navigation season. It affords access for the main towing fleet of the Hudson River to its home port as well as to the various shipyards located on the shores of Rondout Creek. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The eastern end of the south dike was repaired by the use of Government plant. The ex- penditures during the year amounted to $1,214.81 for maintenance of the improvement. RIVERS AND HARBORS--FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 253 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is regarded as com- pleted, although part of the diking originally proposed was not built because deemed of doubtful usefulness. Two parallel dikes of an aggregate length of about 5,000 feet, generally 350 feet apart, with a now obsolete spur from the old lighthouse south of the south dike, have been built across the bar at the mouth of the creek, and a chan- nel of project dimensions has been excavated between them from deep water in the Hudson River to deep water in the creek, a distance of about 3,000 feet. A branch dike about 1,000 feet long, extending northerly from the outer end of the north dike, was also constructed. An inspection of the dikes made during the fiscal year disclosed the fact that additional repairs will be necessary in the near future, es- pecially on the branch dike extending northerly from the outer end of the north dike. The controlling depth of the channel is about 14 feet at mean low water. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $181,249.14-$90,000 for new work and $91,249.14 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the balance un- expended from previous appropriations, amounting to $6,300.86, in repairing the dikes. This amount is not believed to be sufficient to place the dikes in proper condition, especially the branch dike. The sum of $10,000, including the cost of engineering, superintendence, and contingencies, can be profitably expended in' this work during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of coal, petroleum products, and lumber. Comparative statement. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. year. year. 1918.......... 326, 787 $7, 495,050 8, 703 1921......... 267 678 $3, 494, 827 19, 000 1919.......... 388, 310 11, 952,000 18500 1922........ 223,350 10,221,549 19,300 1920.......... 313362 10,408,750 19,254 The tonnage for 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried, of total loaded tonnage. draft of vessel. Feet. Coal.. ....... .. .......................... .................. 59.0 6-10 Petroleum products .... ............................................. 5.9 6-10 Lumber.... 2. 0 6-10 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $7: New work------------------------------- $90,000.00 Maintenance ---------------------- --------- 91, 249. 14 Net total expended------------ ------------- 181, 249. 14 Total appropriation to date of this report ... ----------- 187, 550. 00 254 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.............. ............................................ Expended for maintenance 1..... 19.69 $246.39 $4, 505. 78 $15, 513. 66 $1, 214. 81 Appropriated or allotted.. .................... ....... 8,000.00 2,500.00 5,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended___________ -- _________-_ _ $2, 515. 67 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2,1923--- ---------------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 7, 515. 67 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 1, 214. 81 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended __----_____- -__ __ 6, 300. 86 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance---------_________________ 210, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP B. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales; etc., amounting to $42.03: New work ----------------------------------------- $233, 615. 94 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 195, 658. 67 Net total expended --_______ 429, 274. 61 Total appropriations to date of this report- --- ___ -______--439, 300. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work...................... .......... .......... ....... ... .......... Expended for maintenance 1..... $123.82 $553. 09 $9, 303.07 $40, 048. 15 $1, 528.97 Appropriated or allotted......... .......... .............. 8,000.00 2,500.00 5,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ----- $6, 551. 61 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923 ..------------------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 ------------------ 2. 75 11, 554. 36 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 1_ 1, 528. 97 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -- ---------------------- 110, 025. 39 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -------------------------------------- 26, 300. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance _..._______------______--__ 210, 000. 00 33. HUDSON RIVER, N. Y. Location and description.--The Hudson River has its source in the Adirondack Mountains, about 250 miles in a direct line and 315 miles following its course to the Battery, New York City, and 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 255 flows in a generally southerly direction into New York Bay. The section under improvement extends from Waterford to Hudson, a distance of 38 miles. Hudson is 117 miles north of the Battery, New York City. The river is tidal to the Federal dam at Troy, N. Y., 153 miles north of the Battery. Above the dam the drainage area is about 9,900 square miles, and is in general mountainous and wooded. The fall in the upper portion is very rapid. The discharge varies within wide limits; the low-water discharge is generally as- sumed at about 2,000 second-feet, but discharges as low as 1,500 second-feet and as high as 240,000 second-feet have been observed; the latter discharge occurred March 28, 1913, and raised the river to an elevation of 23.5 feet above " lowest low water" at Albany, N. Y., and 31.6 feet above the same plane at the dam at Troy, N. Y. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 284.) Original condition.-After partial improvement by the State of New York there was a narrow and crooked channel between banks 650 to 3,000 feet apart, with a navigable depth at mean low water varying from 3 to 11 feet between Waterford and Coxsackie, and of 12 feet and more between Coxsackie and Hudson. From Hudson to New York a natural depth of 25 feet and more existed, except over a few shoals. The river above Hudson was obstructed by sand bars, making the channel tortuous and unstable, and navigable by small shallow-draft vessels only. The head of boat navigation was origi- nally at Waterford, and of logging navigation near the headwaters. The navigable length, commencing at the Battery, was about 155 miles. Later the river became the southern and eastern outlet for the Champlain and Erie Canals, connecting with the Champlain Canal at Waterford in a pool formed by a dam built by the State of New York about 1823 at Troy, and with the Erie Canal opposite Troy and at Albany. In 1831 the mean range of tides was reported as follows: Troy, 1.09 feet; Albany, 2.09 feet; Castleton, 1.7 feet; and New Baltimore, 2.83 feet. Previous projects.-The improvement was commenced by the State of New York in 1797. The original project for improvement by the United States was adopted in 1834 and modified in 1852 and 1866. From 1834 to 1892 the improvement was carried on by the State of New York in conjunction with the Federal Government, and the actual control was only settled by the courts, the United States assuming legal control in 1891. A second project was adopted in 1892 and modified in 1899. The expenditures by the United States prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1910 totaled $5,459,390.58, of which amount $5,112,593.50 was for new work, including $48,432.37 for work in other localities referred to in the Annual Report for 1911, page 172, and $346,797.08 was for maintenance. For further details of previous project, see Annual Report for 1915, page 1764. Existing project.-This provides for a channel from Waterford to Hudson 12 feet deep at lowest low water, with a width of 200 feet from Waterford to the dam at Troy and a general width of 400 feet below the dam, increased at bends and widened to form harbors in front of the cities of Troy and Albany; the removal of the State dam at Troy, and the construction of a lock and dam about 2j miles below Waterford. 616 3 7--ENG 1923----17 256 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The following table contains information concerning the various features of the lock and dam included in the existing project: Location : Below Waterford------------- ---------- --------- miles-- 2 5 Above Battery, N. Y ------- ------------ do.. 152.5 Lock : Clear width------------------------- --- -- feet_ 45. O0 Greatest length available for' full width ..---------------- do.... 492.5 Lift at lowest stages ------------------------- --- do- 16. 3 Depth on miter sills at lowest low water- Upperdo----------------- ------------------ 16. 3 Lower -- ---------------------------------- do.. 14. O0 Character of foundation: Rock. Kind of dam: Fixed. Type of construction: Concrete. Completed : 1917. Cost : $1,463,014.07. The channel is to be formed by dredging and rock excavation, and to be maintained by dredging and by constructing new and rais- ing and repairing old longitudinal dikes, built partly under previous projects and partly by the State of New York. The mean range of tides at the dam in seasons of moderate rains is about 2.55 feet, as determined in 1903. At Broadway, Troy, the range is about 3 feet, and at Albany about 2.9 feet, as determined in 1910. At New Balti- more it is about 3.21 feet, at Coxsackie about 3.7 feet, and at Hudson about 4.1 feet. The assumed lowest low-water plane varies from 2 feet at Troy to 3.7 feet at Hudson below mean sea level, Sandy Hook, N. J. In a measure, as the channels above Hudson are improved, the range of tide increases and the low-water plane falls. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1914, is $7,530,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $200,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 719, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). For maps showing part of the projected work see House Document No. 719. Sixty-first Congress, second session. For general index map of the improvement see Annual Report for 1914, page 1712. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-History of the barge canal of New York State, by Noble E. Whitford, Supple- ment to the Annual Report of the State engineer and surveyor for the year ended June 30, 1921. Local cooperation.-The extent of the local cooperation required by the existing project (H. Doc. No. 719, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) was: (a) That the existing water-power rights and privileges granted to certain manufacturing interests by the State of New York in connec- tion with the State dam at Troy be extinguished; (b) that the city of Troy aid in the harbor improvement at that point by securing the expenditure of approximately $420,559 in constructing and main- taining public docks and warehouses, and by preventing refuse from passing into the channel from its sewer system or from creeks, and by removing any such deposits if made within its corporate limits; (c) that the city of Albany aid in harbor improvements at its water front, expending approximately $105,000 for improving its terminal structures and facilities along its harbor front. The New York RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 257 State Canal Board complied with the first condition by its resolution, dated November 22, 1910, extinguishing existing water-power rights and privileges. The abandonment of the State dam at Troy by the State automatically extinguished the leases for water power devel- oped at this dam. The cooperation required from the city of Troy is being complied with; about 3,500 linear feet of new docks have been constructed, and the reconstruction of about 2,000 linear feet of wharves is in progress. The installation of modern transfer fa- cilities is contemplated. The State authorities have built a canal terminal at Troy, have purchased a site for another terminal, and have constructed a new terminal at Cohoes. The cooperation re- quired from the city of Albany has been amply complied with by a comprehensive scheme of water-front improvement, now completed, which includes a canal terminal built by the State of New York. The canal terminals constructed at Troy and Albany have cost to date about $650,000. The river has been under improvement since 1797. The State of New York carried on this work exclusively until 1831, and in con- junction with the United States until 1892, when its cooperation ceased. From 1797 to 1892 the State expended in building dikes and dredging $1,279,749 and $263,462.63 in connection with the State lock and dam at Troy and the canal basin at Albany. There was also, considerable work doneby local interests and navigation companies, but its cost is not known. Terminal facilities.-The piers and other terminal or transfer fa- cilities served by the improvement are as follows: Between Watervliet and the Federal dam at Troy there are 14 timber wharves with solid fill in the rear, aggregating approximately 5,000 feet in length, all privately owned. The State of New York has constructed a barge canal terminal at Cohoes. Privately owned wharves, consisting of timber bulkheads with solid fill in the rear, and at many places equipped with transfer facilities, extend practically the entire length of the water front of the city of Troy, approximately 4,900 feet in length. The city of Troy has completed the reconstruction of approxi- mately 3,500 feet of these wharves, and the reconstruction of about 2,000 feet is in progress. It is proposed to equip the new wharves with modern transfer facilities. At Adams Street, Troy, the State of New York has constructed a concrete barge-canal terminal 970 feet in length, equipped with light derricks, a traveling crane, and storehouses. The State also proposes to construct an additional terminal just south of the site formerly occupied by the old State dam. At the United States arsenal, Watervliet, there is at stone bulkhead 800 feet long with solid fill in the rear. Between this point and Albany there are five timber wharves, aggregating 4,275 feet in length, all privately owned. At Albany there are approximately 10,300 linear feet of timber wharves, all privately owned. The State of New York has constructed a barge-canal terminal 1,400 feet in length, and the city of Albany has constructed concrete wharves 3,200 feet in length, which are leased to the various trans- portation companies. The city contemplates the reconstruction of some 2,400 linear feet of the present timber wharves, which will be open to public use. At Island Creek (South Albany) the Delaware & Hudson Railroad Co. owns approximately 3,100 feet of timber wharves, which are free to railroad shippers. At Rensselaer there are approximately 1,350 feet of timber wharves, all privately owned. Between Albany and Hudson there are about 100 timber wharves, aggregat- ing 36,700 feet in length, all privately owned. At Hudson there are 12 timber wharves, aggregating 5,000 feet in length, all privately owned. At Athens there are nine timber wharves, aggregating approximately 4,000 feet, all privately owned. 258 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Existing wharves and terminals appear to be inadequate to ac- commodate efficiently and economically the traffic of the Hudson River, but it is expected that upon the completion of the terminal facilities now under construction or proposed they will be ample. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The through waterway formed by the Hudson River and the New York State canals has in the past tended to determine through freight rates from the Middle West and Canada to the Atlantic and Gulf ports, but it is doubtful if its effect under existing conditions is very great. The improvement has resulted in considerably increased navigation facilities. The total effect of the present improvement can not be determined until the commerce on the State canals has further developed. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging operations under a contract for widening and deepening the channel in the vicinity of the New York Central Railroad freight bridge at Albany were commenced June 4, 1923. An area 50 to 250 feet wide in the westerly side of the channel and extending southward about 1,200 feet from a point about 2,000 feet above the bridge was excavated to project depth up to the close of the fiscal year. The cost of this work amounted to $11,672.71. No work was done in connection with the project.for widening the channel in front of the city of Troy south of State Street to full project width of 400 feet and widening the channel to form a harbor at Troy. All excavation, except the cleaning up of the dumping basin at Base Island, was completed prior to July 1, 1922. The con- tractor was permitted to postpone this work until the latter part of the present season in order to utilize the material to be removed in connection with the construction of docks at Troy. The following work was accomplished by the use of Government plant and hired labor: Installation of concrete and timber cribs with a floating timber boom at the southern entrance to the Federal Lock at Troy, N. Y., was completed with the exception of placing the ladders; the cost of this work amounted to $11,912.42. Repairs were made to the following dikes: Patroons Lower Is- land, Bath Crossover, Overslaugh No. 1, Beacon Island Sections I hnd II, Campbell and Cedar Hill. The cost of this work amounted to $44,935.16. A resurvey of the section of the Hudson River under improve- ment was commenced. The total expenditures amounted to $151,836.58-$43,391.96 for new work and $108,444.62 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 84 per cent of the existing project has been completed. The following items included in the project have been completed: Troy Lock and Dam, removal of old dam at Troy, and construction of new and reconstruction of old dikes so far as authorized at present. Under this latter item 15,545 linear feet of new diking have been constructed and 32,300 linear feet of old dikes have been raised to the adopted crest height. The ruling depths at lowest low water and widths of the existing channel from Waterford to Hudson on June 30, 1923, were as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YQRK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 259 Locality. Depth. Width. Locality. Depth. Width. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. Hudson to Coeymans......... 12 400 Albany to Troy.............. 11 85 Coeymans to Castleton........ 11 200 Troy to Waterford ............ 12 150 Castleton to Albany........... 12 200 Draws in bridges spanning the river reduce the navigable widths through the draw spans, measured on a line normal to the channel, as follows: Feet. Greenbush Bridge, Albany ___,_______---______-_ 160 New York Central passenger bridge, Albany ------------------______ 90 New York Central freight bridge, Albany ---------------- ______ 90 Congress Street Bridge, Troy ------------------------------------ 180 Delaware & Hudson bridge, Troy_________------------- 45 The following table of monthly averages of daily tide readings at Albany, N. Y., indicate stages above datum plane that may be ex- pected at the different seasons: [Datum= L. L. W.=--2.0 M. S. L.= -2.5 M. L. W.] Year. Tide. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 6.45 7. 22 5.55 6.30 5. 51 5.18 6. 47 6. 26 5. 51 5. 61 5. 43 5. 89 1915....... S High.... Low... 5. 46 6. 71 3. 49 4. 41 2. 51 1.93 3. 84 3.57 2.31 2.78 2.67 4. 56 1916.......... High.... 7.39 6.21 5.86 9.70 6.78 6.13 5. 72 5. 43 5. 34 5.20 5. 36 5. 27 SLow.... 6.81 5. 36 4. 87 9.04 4. 89 3. 27 2.55 2.10 2.11 2.07 2. 38 3. 38 1917........... High.... 4.98 4.26 7.03 7.93 6.30 7.19 5. 85 5. 48 5. 33 5.93 5. 79 4. 47 SLow.... 3.37 2.64 6.26 6.76 4.23 5.19 2.69 2.11 1.97 3.21 3.11 2.39 1918........... High.... 4.34 5.99 7.95 9.59 6.30 5.74 5.43 5.26 5.60 5. 69 5.80 5.99 {Low.... 2.37 4. 56 7. 36 7. 31 3. 93 2. 63 2.12 1.97 2. 58 2.82 3. 36 3. 73 1919........ igh.... 5.48 5.07 6.63 7.54 7.09 5.89 6. 67 5. 67 5. 77 5.94 6. 53 5. 72 S ............ Low.... 2.93 2. 37 4. 98 6. 07 5.20 2.54 2. 46 2. 33 2.65 3.01 4. 32 3.83 1920............. . High.... 4.59 4.75 7.54 9.44 6.31 5.77 5.52 5.66 5.52 5.85 6.10 7.14 Low.... 2.68 2.88 6.18 8.49 3.65 2.42 2.14 2.33 2.28 2.49 3.38 5.26 1921......... High.... 5.30 5.36 8.63 6.73 6.29 5.31 5.83 5.42 5.48 5.27 5.88 5.79 L ow.... 3.32 3.69 7.81 4.57 3.34 1.91 2.56 1.94 2.03 1.96 3.13 3.65 1922............ figh.... 4.57 5.34 7.38 9.66 6.39 7.15 6.07 5.69 5.54 5.36 5.15 4.80 SLow.... 2.61 3.71 5.99 8.63 3.72 4.61 2.80 2.30 2.08 1.97 1.81 2.17 The deepening and widening of the channel under the project of 1892 and existing project has caused an increase in the mean tidal range of the upper portion of the river, extending from Troy to about New Baltimore. The mean range at Albany, as determined in 1910, was 2.9 feet, being approximately 0.6 foot greater than the range previous to the adoption of the project of 1892, which pro- vided for a channel from Coxsackie to the State dam at Troy 12 feet deep at mean low water, equivalent to about 8.9 feet at lowest low water, present datum plane. From recent observations the pres- ent range at Albany is about 3.3 feet, showing an increase of about 0.4 foot, due to the work which has already been completed under the existing project. The navigation season extends usually from about March 15 to December 15; during the remainder of the year the river is usually closed by ice. Dike construction since the first improvement was begun by the State of New York has resulted in the construction of longitudinal dikes on both sides of the river between Troy and Stuyvesant, a dis- tance of about 24 miles, nearly continuous, except where the fixed 260 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. character of the shores made them unnecessary. Between Stuyvesant and Hudson (the southern limit of the present project) longitudinal dikes have been constructed at Fordham Point and Stockport. The 'Although lock and dam and appurtenant works replacing the old State lock and dam at Troy have been completed. the channel ex- cavation contemplated under the project has not been completed, the work already done has greatly benefited navigation. At Troy Canal tows pass the lock in less than one-sixth of the time required for the old lock. The maximum depth available at lowest low water is 11 feet with a least width of about 200 feet below Albany, and 11 feet, with a least width of between 80 and 85 feet between Albany and Troy. The work remaining to be done consists principally in chan- nel excavation, the construction of new dikes, and the restoration of certain old dikes where found necessary. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $7,095,072.14-$6,358,710.15 for new work and $736,361.99 for main- tenance. Proposed operations.-Of the balance unexpended from previous appropriations, amounting to $637,061.84, it is proposed to prosecute work as follows: (a) Removal of isolated shoals by dredging from the channel between Waterford and the site of the former State Dam, and complet- ing the construction of fender cribs at the entrance to the lock, including supervision____ ___-- ___-----------_ $7, 000. 00 (b) Removal by Government plant of isolated rocks between Troy and New Baltimore, including supervision -____ -______- 8, 000. 00 (c) Widening and deepening the channel to full project depth in vicinity of Delaware & Hudson Co. railroad bridge at Troy, N. Y., surveys, plans and specifications- ------- _____ -__-- 3, 000.00 (d) Repairing dikes by use of Government plant________----- 260, 000. 00 (e) Construction of quarterboat to house crew of U. S. pipe-line dredge De Witt Clinton, the hull to be built under contract and the superstructure by hired labor__ __________-__---14, 000. 00 (f) Maintenance dredging by use of Government plant------___ 90, 000. 00 (g) Engineering, surveys, and contingencies------------ _____46, 905.69 Total -------------------- ------------------- 428, 905. 69 The sum of $180,000, including the cost of engineering, superin- tendence, and contingencies, can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, in prosecuting the following work: (a) Maintenance dredging_________-___------- -- ___ _ $50, 000 (b) Repairs and reconstruction of dikes (for maintenance) -------- 100, 000 30, 000 (c) Engineering and contingencies ------------------------ Total ---------------------------------------- 180, 000 Commercial statistics.-The major portion of the freight is bulk, such as petroleum products, grain, cement, brick, ice, salt, wood pulp, and coal, which is carried in towed or self-propelled barges and canal boats. The passenger traffic is carried by fast river steamers having a maxifnum draft of 11 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 261 Comparative statement. Calendar Short Value Passen- Calendar Short Valu Passe year. tons. gers. year, tons. gers. 1918........ 2,563, 248 $240,051,390 537,673 19211.......1, 936,901 $101,772,812 593,264 1919....... 2,426,711 202,093,193 609,699 19221....... 2,705,901 148,633,420 201,892 1920....... 3,087,169 169, 726, 452 575,853 1 Traffic includes following cargoes in transit. Tons. Value. Tons. Value. 1921..................... 827,150 1922 .................... $45,278,577 $68,179,931 1,150,293 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $184,238.25: New work-------------- ----------------------- $11, 471, 303. 65 Maintenance ----.-------- 1-------------------- 1, 083, 159. 07 Net total expended ------- ------------------- 12, 554, 462. 72 Total appropriations to date of this report---------...-- - 13,191, 524. 56 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ $359,277.29 $278,518.13 $442, 984.51 $480,139.45 $43,391.96 Expended for maintenance 1..... 25,153.46 29, 760. 15 54, 095.59 54,888.35 108,444.62 Total expended 1........... 384,430.75 308,278. 28 497, 080.10 535, 027. 80 151, 838. i8 Appropriated or allotted................................ 200,000.00 380,000.00 220,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------ - $565, 143. 64 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923 --------- _----_ -------------- 220, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 --------- ___- __ 3, 754. 78 788, 898. 42 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year:1 For new work _--------------------.... $43, 391. 96 For maintenance-_,- ----________--____ 108, 444. 62 151, 836. 58 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended 37, 061. 84 6__________________ July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------------ __ $51, 257. 34 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts- 156, 898. 81 208, 156. 15 July 1, 1923, balance available_.... ------------------ 428, 905. 69 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------------------------------534, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance_----------------------__- - 180,000.00 SNot deducting rec~ips lrom sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds.. 262 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 34. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCK AND DAM IN HUDSON RIVER AT TROY. N. Y. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for improving Hudson River, N. Y. See pages 254 to 262, where general information regarding the improve- ment can be found. The completed lock and dam has been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since August 18, 1915. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The lock and dam are situated at Troy, N. Y., and were constructed in a pool formed by the old State dam and lock, formerly located 1,400 feet south. Op- eration of the lock for the season of navigation of 1922 was sus- pended on December 11, 1922. The operating machinery was over- hauled, the reconstruction of fender cribs which were destroyed by ice on March 8, 1922, was practically completed; the installation of electrical machinery for the utilization of electric power to be fur- nished under licenses granted to Henry Ford & Son (Inc.) by the Federal Power Commission for the use of surplus water at the dam was completed with the exception of permanent connection in the power house of the permittee; the machinery is being operated un- der temporary connections pending the installation of permanent connections. Operation of the lock for the season of 1923 was be- gun on April 17, 1923. The expenditures amounted to $48,519.34, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing works are in good condition. The total expenditures up to July 1, 1923, amounted to $179,436.84, all for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The lock and dam will be operated and maintained. The reconstruction of fender cribs at the northern en- trance to the lock will be completed. Permanent connection will be made with the generating machinery in the power house of Henry Ford & Son. Shoals at the entrances to the lock will be removed. If found necessary the lock will be unwatered to enable the repair- ing and painting of the gates and valves. Funds for the work are provided by allotment from the permanent indefinite appropria- tion provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.,-Practically all the commerce passing through the lock is carried in towed or self-propelled canal boats and barges. The principal commodities are grain, sand, clay, gravel, crushed stone, general merchandise, petroleum products, salt, lum- ber, and coal. Passenger traffic is negligible in quantity, and consisted mainly of pleasure craft, as no regular passenger vessels pass the lock. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918.................... 618,082 $30,898,050 1921..................... 1,070,996 $70,777,954 1919 .................... 686,419 46, 740402 1922. ............... 1437054 58,285,929 1920................... 706,193 38,960,120 RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 263 The increase in volume of tonnage for the years 1921 and 1922 as compared with previous years is believed to be due mainly to the fact that more complete data were available. The tonnage for 1921 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Usual Per cent limit of Per cent limit of Class of freight carried, of total loaded Class of freight carried. of total loaded tonnage. draft of tonnage. draft of vessel. vessel. Feet. Feet. Grain .......... ......... 38. 2 6-10 Petroleum products ..... 11.4 4-11 Sand, clay, gravel, and Salt ... 3.5 6-10 crushed stone............ 5.5 4-11 Lumber .................. 6.9 4-9 General merchandise..... 1.4 4-11 Coal ...................... 2.0 4-5 BURLINGTON HARBOR, VT.; PLATTSBURG AND PORT HENRY HAR- BORS, N. Y.; AND NARROWS OF LAKE CHAMPLAIN, N. Y. AND VT. (GROUP C.) 35. NARROWS OF LAKE CHAMPLAIN, N. Y. AND VT. (C01.) Location and description.-This waterway is the southern end of Lake Champlain, 37 miles long, between Whitehall and Crown Point, N. Y. The portion included in the project extends from Whitehall, N. Y., at the southern extremity of the lake, northerly to Benson Landing, Vt., a distance of 13 statute miles. Burlington Harbor, Vt., is 70 statute miles by water north of Whitehall, and New York City is 214 miles south by water via the Champlain division of the New York State Barge Canal and the Hudson River. This reach is a link of the international waterway between New York City and Montreal, a distance of about 400 miles via the Hudson River, Cham- plain Canal, Lake Champlain, Richelieu River, Chambly Canal, and St. Lawrence River. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 174.) Original condition.-The channel through the reach under im- provement was narrow and tortuous, with a controlling depth of from 91 to 10 feet at low lake level and widths varying from 75 to 200 feet. The depth limiting through traffic to Canadian waters was and is that of the Chambly Canal-7 feet. The head of navigaion for lake traffic was and is at the canal lock at Whitehall. Previous projects.--Under appropriations of July 4, 1836, March 3, 1837, July 7, 1838, August 30, 1852, and March 3, 1855, an un- known amount of work was done in Whitehall Harbor, which is at the southern entrance of the Narrows; the expenditures on this work included the cost of constructing a dredge. The project adopted August 5, 1886 (H. Ex. Doc. No. 138 and S. Doc. No. 211, 48th Cong., 2d sess.), as modified by the acts of July 13, 1892, and March 3, 1899, provided for a channel from Whitehall, N. Y., to deep water in Lake Champlain, to be 12 feet deep at low lake level and from 100 to 200 feet wide, and for fender-boom protection to prevent collisions of boats with rocky shores at Putts Rock, at a point near Beacon No. 8, and at Pulpit Rock. Estimated cost, $121,000, including cer- tain maintenance work not separated in the estimate. The cost of maintenance was estimated at $2,500 annually. The total expendi- tures under all projects prior to the commencement of work under 264 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. the existing project in 1917 amounted to $101,140.35-$82,000 for new work and $19,140,35 for maintenance. Existing project.-This provides for a channel extending from Whitehall, N. Y., at the head of Lake Champlain, to Benson Land- ing, to be 12 feet deep at low lake level and of a general width of 200 feet on the bottom, and the installation of fender booms at Putts Rock, Putts Leap, Narrows near Dresden, Pulpit Point, and Cedar Mountain. The reference plane of the low lake level is 92.5 feet above mean sea level at Sandy Hook, N. J. The length of the section included in the project for improvement is about 13 statute miles. The usual annual variation of the lake level is from 4 to 5 feet, and the extreme variation varies from 0.6 foot below to 8.8 feet above the low-water reference. The 'estimate of cost for new work, made in 1917, is $737,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917 (H. Doc. No. 1387, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Reconmnended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The only terminal facilities which serve the improvement are located in Whitehall Harbor, and consist of three timber wharves, aggregating 4,200 feet in length, all of which are privately owned. Approximately 2,600 feet of these wharves are open to public use. The State of New York has constructed a barge canal terminal at Whitehall, just south of the terminus of the canal, which has been equipped with a 15-ton hand-operated derrick and a storehouse. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has resulted in increas- ing navigation facilities as well as in reducing the difficulties to navigation. It connects the northern terminus of the Champlain division of the New York State Barge Canal system with deep water in Lake Champlain, thereby providing a through waterway between New York City and Canada, and permits the use of large tugboats with a draft of about 12 feet. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The existing fender booms were maintained throughout the year. The following work was accomplished by the use of Government plant and hired labor: Fender booms were installed along the east shore of the lake opposite the Delaware & Hudson Co.'s coal trestle about 11 miles north of Whitehall at a cost of $2,822.89, including supervision but not rental charges for plant. The greater part of loose rock and some ledge rock was removed from the channel at the Elbow ; widening and straightening the channel at Cedar Mountain was completed; main- tenance dredging in the vicinity of beacons Nos. 7, 8, 12, 16, and 18, near Snody's dock, in the channel between the Elbow and South Bay Bend, and at Whitehall was completed. The above operations resulted in the removal of 219,920 cubic yards of material at a cost of $34,078.81, including supervision but not rental charges for plant, or the pro rata charge for the maintenance of plant during the winter and its return to Hudson River. An examination of the RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 265 section of the Narrows under improvement was completed. Ex- penditures amounted to $45,164.92-$17,999.91 for new work and $27,165.01 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 73 per cent com- pleted. The existing fender booms at the Elbow and opposite the Delaware & Hudson Co.'s coal trestle are in fair condition. The controlling depths at low lake level throughout the reach under im- provement are as follows: Locality. Depth. Width. Feet. Feet. Whitehall to the Elbow....................................................... 12 150 At the Elbow.......... .......... .................................. 12 110 The Elbow to Bensons Landing ..................................... ...... 12 150 The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $562,017.88-$534,599.75 for new work and $27,418.13 for main- tenance. Proposed operations.- It is proposed to apply the unexpended balance, amounting to $39,341.77, in removing a small amount of ledge rock from the channel between Whitehall and the Elbow, in the maintenance of fender booms, and in payment of office expenses and contingencies, including payment of outstanding liabilities on June 30, 1923. It is proposed to await developments in the use of the present channel before completing the removal of ledge rock at the Elbow and widening the channel to the project width of 200 feet. Accordingly, no funds are required for expenditure in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of coal, lumber, clay, and petroleum products. Comparativ,e statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918..................... 343, 514 $8, 751, 914 1921 .................... 207,709 $5,967, 026 1919......... .......... 323, 023 9,185, 389 19221 ... ............... 33,810 922,650 1920 .................... 449,970 11,108,847 1 Exclusive of the following traffic: Cargoes in transit. Year. Tons. Value. 1922 ................... ................ ....................................... 186,622 $15,728,603 The decrease in tonnage for 1921 and 1922 as compared with pre- vious years is due mainly to the relatively small amount of iron ore transported. 266 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The tonnage for 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual . Usual Per cent limit of Per cent limit of Class of freight carried. of total loaded Class of freight carried, of total loaded tonnage. draft of tonnage. draft of vessel. vessel. Feet. Feet. Coal...................... 18.6 6-9 Clay...................... 4.9 8-9 Lumber.................. 37. 5 6-9 Petroleum products ..... 11.2 9 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $115.03: New work--- __L -------------------------------------- $616, 599. 75 Maintenance ----.-------------------- 46, 558. 48 Net total expended-- ------------------------------- 663, 158. 23 Total appropriations to date of this report__. __ 7_____-___ 702, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1..... 15, 325. 31 $202, 659. 59 $183, 078. 01 $114, 287. 53 $17, 999.91 Expended for maintenance 1.... 123.12 30. 00 50. 00 50.00 27, 165. 01 Total expended 1......... 15, 448. 43 202, 689. 59 183,128. 01 114, 337. 53 45,164. 92 Appropriated or allotted......... 200,000. 00 .............. 50, 000. 00 40,000. 00 .............. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended -------------------------- $84, 506. 39 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923______-_-___- .30 84, 506. 69 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year:' For new work__---------------------- $17,999. 91 For maintenance------------------------- 27, 165. 01 45, 164. 92 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ----------------- 39, 341. 77 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-------------------------- 30, 942. 13 July 1, 1923, balance available----------------------------- 8, 399. 64 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project----------------- ----------------- ---- 163, 000. 00 36. BURLINGTON HARBOR, VT. (C2.) Location and description.-This harbor, about 100 acres in extent, is located in a half-moon-shaped indentation in the eastern shore of Lake Champlain, about 40 statute miles south of the international boundary line, 70 statute miles north of the southern end or head of the lake, and 20 statute miles southeast of the harbor at Plattsburg, N. Y. It lies along the wharf front of the city of Burlington, Vt., behind a breakwater built by the United States. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 172.) 1 Not deducting receipts; from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of atvaila~le funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS---FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 267 Originalcondition.-There was ample depth of water in the har- bor (which was an open roadstead) and along the wharves, but vessels were without protection against the seas rolling in from Lake Champlain during storms. Winds from the northwest to southwest create seas having a fetch of over 10 miles. Previous projects.-None. Existing proect.-This provides for an irregular-shaped break- water 6,000 feet long, located about 1,000 feet from the shore and practically parallel with it, to be built of stone-filled timber cribs, capped with large stone or concrete. The completed breakwater is to be in two sections, the northerly 500 feet being separated from the southerly 5,500 feet by a gap 200 feet wide, for the purpose of safety in entering the harbor during storms. The reference plane of low lake level is 92.5 feet above mean sea level at Sandy Hook, N. J. The level of the lake has varied from 0.6 foot below to 8.8 feet above low lake level, but the usual annual variation is 4 to 5 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1886, is $923,442. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 4, 1836, provided for the first 1,000 feet of the breakwater (H. Doc. No. 131, 23d Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of July 12, 1866, provided for a 1,500-foot extension (H. Doc. No. 56, 39th Cong., 2d sess., and the Annual Report for 1866, pp. 17 and 179); the act of March 3, 1875, provided for a 2,000-foot extension (Annual Report for 1874, p. 274); and in 1886 a plan was adopted for an extension southerly of 1,000 feet and northerly 500 feet (An- nual Report for 1887, p. 2407). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1897, page 3298. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities which serve the im- provement consist of 20 wharves of the crib and open pile type of construction, aggregating 15,790 feet in length; all privately owned, with the exception of one wharf 600 feet long, which is owned by the city of Burlington and which is open to the public. The majority of the above wharves have railroad connections and are equipped with light transfer facilities. The existing terminals appear to be sufficient for the present needs of commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The water-borne commerce of this port during gales from the west is practically dependent for its existence upon the protection afforded by the breakwater, which also affords to through lake traffic a harbor of refuge during storms. This through traffic consists principally of towed canal boats, numbering about 75 yearly. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The expendi- tures during the year, amounting to $558. 06, were in payment of office expenses and contingencies pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 77 per cent completed. A breakwater has been built in two sections, 364 feet and 3,793 feet in length, respectively, separated by a gap of 200 feet in the direction of the longitudinal axis. The total length of break- 268 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. water built to June 30, 1923, is therefore 4,157 feet. Of the super- structure, 3,567 linear feet have been rebuilt and a protecting rubble mound 1,450 feet long has been built, of which length 250 feet is along the lake face of the northern section, 1,165 feet is along the lake face of the southern section, and 35 feet is along the lake face of the light house pier at the north end of the breakwater. Further exten- sion of the breakwater is being held in abeyance until the city of Burlington has adopted a definite plan for the improvement of its water front. The stone superstructure of the northern detached section of the breakwater has settled, and in several places has been displaced and has fallen into the lake, due to the spreading of the substructure cribs and uneven settlement in the rubble foundation. The timber superstructure of the southernmost crib of the northern or detached section and of the southern section of the main breakwater has de- teriorated to such an extent as to require renewal, and several sec- tions of the breakwater are settling unevenly. The controlling depth is about 8.5 feet at low lake level at the wharves, increasing considerably toward the breakwater. The distinction between new work and maintenance was not made in the early .reports, hence it is impossible to state the amounts ex- pended for new work and maintenance prior to 1886. To Septem- ber 30, 1886, total expenditures amounted to $501,811. 07; the total expenditures since 1886 amounted to $825,650.62-$706,414.11 for new work and $119,236. 51 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-No funds are available for prosecuting work in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1924. In the fiscal year 1925 it is proposed to replace 242 feet of worn- out timber superstructure at the southern end of the breakwater with concrete, and to protect the lake face of this section with a rubble mound. This work has been postponed for several years now and should not be further delayed; for its prosecution the sum of $45,000, including the cost of engineering, superintendence, and contingencies, can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of lumber, petroleum products and general mer- chandise. Comparative statement. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. alendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. year. year. 1 1 354 1918......... 57,392 $8, L 55,694 1921.......... 26, 279 $6,206, 377 77,675 1919......... 60, 650 5,473,140 64,730 1922.......... 40, 047 4,455, 348 71,610 1920.......... 46, 579 8,064,286 67,783 The decrease in tonnage for 1921 as compared with previous years. is due mainly to the relatively small amount of lumber and petro- leum products transported. The tonnage for 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 269 Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried. of total loaded tonnage. draft of vessel. Feet. Lumber ......... ..... ..... .. ................................... 36.1 6 ..... ................. Petroleum products ................................. 31.1 5-9 General merchandise ............................ ...................... . 26.1 9-11 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $163.35: New work ----------- ----------------- --- $706, 414. 11 Maintenance --------------------------------- 119, 236. 51 Net total expended --------------------------------- 825, 650. 62 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------825, 650. 62 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work......... ...................... .............................................. Expended for maintenance 1.....5,062.72 2,09.10 $381.10 $306.24 $558.06 Appropriated orallotted. .. .................................. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------------ $558. 06 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance -------------------------------------------------- 558. 06 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---- -------------------------------- 217, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance.----- --------------------------- 45, 000. 00 37. PLATTSBURG HARBOR, N. Y. (C3.) Location and description.-This harbor embraces an area of about 25 acres along the westerly shore of Cumberland Bay, an arm of Lake Champlain, 30 statute miles south of the international bound- ary line, 86 statute miles north of the south end of the lake and 20 statute miles northwest of the harbor at Burlington, Vt. The harbor proper is that portion of the bay between the wharf front of the city of Plattsburg, N. Y., and the breakwater constructed by the United States. It is about 1,500 feet long and of varying width. See United States Lake Survey chart No. 172. Original condition.-The controlling depth was about 6 feet at low lake level, but the water front was unprotected and subject to the action of southeasterly storms. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a breakwater about 1,565 feet long, built of timber cribs filled with rubblestone and capped 270 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. with large stone and extending from a point about 750 feet south of the outer face of South Dock in a generally northeasterly direc- tion to a point about 1,400 feet from shore; for dredging to a depth of 9 feet at low lake level between the breakwater and the wharves; and for the revetment of the beach in front of the United States reservation. The reference plane of low lake level is 92.5 feet above mean sea level at Sandy Hook, N. J. The usual annual variation of the lake level is from 4 to 5 feet, and the extreme variation varies from 0.6 foot below to 8.8 feet above the low-water reference. The estimated cost of new work, revised in 1910, is $217,500. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 4, 1836, provided for the construction of a breakwater 1,000 feet in length (H. Doc. No. 131, 23d Cong., 1st sess.); the project, as modified in 1870, provided for the extension of the breakwater in a northeasterly direction.for a distance of 400 feet, with dredging between the breakwater and the wharves, and the revetment of the beach in front of the United States reservation (H. Doc. No. 89, 39th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual R'eport for 1870, p. 55) ; the act of September 19, 1890, provided for the further exten- sion of the breakwater for a distance of 300 feet beyond the section 1,250 feet in length already built (Annual Report for 1889, p. 2458) ; and the act of June 25, 1910, provided for completing the improve- ment (H. Doc. No. 759, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 406, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities which serve the im- provement consist of four timber wharves, aggregating 1,780 feet in length, 400 feet of which are open to the public; all are privately owned. The State of New York has constructed a barge canal ter- minal about 1 mile north of the breakwater. The existing facilities appear to be adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full de- scription of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The water-borne commerce of this port during gales from the east and southeast is practically dependent for its existence upon the protection afforded by the breakwater, which also gives to through lake traffic a harbor of refuge during storms. This through traffic consists principally of towed canal boats, number- ing about 75 yearly. The improvement also permits the use of larger lake steamers which ply daily between this port and Burling- ton, Vt., during the navigation season. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Expenditures during the year, amounting to $553.01, were in payment of office and contingent expenses and are chargeable to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project has been completed. The breakwater was completed in 1893. As now constructed, with its lake face protected by a rubble mound for practically its entire length, the breakwater is in a generally good condition. The project depth of 9 feet at low lake level was secured in 1913. The controlling depth is now about 8.5 feet at low lake level. The revetment of the RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 271 beach in front of the United States reservation has not been under- taken, as the material washed therefrom into the harbor can be more readily and economically removed by periodical dredging. The distinction between new work and maintenance was not made in the early reports, hence it is impossible to state the amount ex- pended for maintenance prior to 1910. The total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $232,789.09; since 1910 the expendi- ture for maintenance totals $34,373.96, leaving $198,415.13 expended on new work and maintenance prior to 1910. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the balance un- expended from previous appropriations, amounting to $1,000, in mak- ing minor repairs to the breakwater and in payment of office ex- penses and contingencies pertaining to the maintenance of the im- provement. The sum of $1,000 additional can be profitably expended in the prosecution of necessary maintenance work in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of general merchandise and wood pulp. Comparative statement. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. year. year. 1918......... 3, 572 $811, 746 55,694 1921........... 3,951 $1, 480, 808 77,866 1919......... 4, 747 1, 359. 325 64,730 1922....... 4, 069 1,061, 456 99, 243 1920......... 4 853 1,545,599 67.838 A passenger ferry plying between Plattsburg and Gordons Land- ing, Vt., has been put in operation during the year 1922, and has carried 27,653 passengers during the season. The tonnage for 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried. of total loaded tonnage. draft of vessels. Feet. General merchandise ................... ....... ..................... . 85.3 9-11 Wood pulp....... ........... ........ ..... ........................ 5.5 9 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after' deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $383.35: New work---------------------------------------------- $198, 415. 13 Maintenance ------------- -__- -------- 34, 373. 96 Net total expended-------------------------------------- 232, 789. 09 Total appropriations to date of this report---- ------------- 233, 789. 09 61637--ENG 1923--18 272 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEE~S, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............................................... Expended for maintenance 1.... $291.41 $12,283.51 $356. 81 $ 308.83 $553.01 Appropriated or allotted........ . .................... ........... $ 1,000.00 .............. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended --------------------- 10, 025.39 June 30,1923, amount expended during fiscalyear, for maintenance_ 533.01 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--------------------------- 1, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance -------------------------- '-11,000. 00 38. PORT HENRY HARBOR, N. Y. (C4.) Location and description.-This harbor consists of an irregular area along the westerly shore of Lake Champlain extending about 2 miles north from the entrance to Bulwagga Bay. It is about 35 statute miles north of Whitehall Harbor, N. Y., at the head of Lake Champlain, and about 46 statute miles south of Plattsburg Harbor, N. Y. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 174.) Original condition.-The harbor was protected from the east, south, and west by the shores of the lake, but was exposed to north- erly and northeasterly winds, which occasionally were of such severity as to render it dangerous for vessels to lie at the wharves. Water shoaler than 12 feet extended for 500 to 1,000 feet out from the general shore line. The depth at the wharves ranged from 5 to 7 feet at low lake level. The average depth during the season of navigation was probably from 2 to 3 feet more than this. The harbor had a good bottom for anchorage. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging to a depth of 12 feet at low lake level over an area 500 feet wide and extending about 3,000 feet along the water front of Port Henry. The reference plane of low lake level is 92.5 feet above mean sea level at Sandy Hook, N. J. The level of the lake has varied from 0.6 foot below to 8.8 feet above low lake level, but the usual annual variation is from 4 to 5 feet. The estimate of cost to the United States for new work, made in 1917, is $71,500. It also provides for the contribu- tion of $10,000 additional by local interests. It seems probable that the completed improvement will be permanent, and therefore no es- timate for annual maintenance is submitted. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917 (H. Doc. No. 369, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Underthe river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, the project is subject to the condition that no work shall be undertaken until local interests have contributed $10,000 toward the cost of the work. This sum was contributed May 23, 1918. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities which serve the im- provement consist of an ore dock approximately 850 feet in length, 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 273 equipped with modern ore-handling machinery. The State of New York has constructed a barge canal terminal on the north side of the harbor, which also affords protection from northern gales. Effect of improvement.-The work of improvement provides a harbor for anchorage of ore boats awaiting cargoes, as well as access to the Barge Terminal on the north side of the harbor. Operations and results during fiscal year:--None. The exper di- tures, amounting to $473.16, were in payment of office expenses and contingencies pertaining to the maintenance of the improvement. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 99 per cent completed. The work has resulted in excavating to project depth practically all of the area covered by the project, and is believed to be sufficient for the present needs of navigation. The total expendi- tures under the existing project amounted to $80,500, $79,406.46 for new work and $1,093.54 for maintenance. Of these amounts $70,500 were from United States funds and $10,000 from con- tributed funds. Proposed operations.-No further work of improvement is deemed essential at this time. No funds for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, are required. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of iron ore and was carried in vessels of 9 feet draft. Comparative statement. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. year. year. 1918.......... 34,765 $206,099 2,353 1921 .......... 2,919 $40,778 3,181 1919.......... 42,556 236,416 1,973 1922....... ... 10,865 139,401 1,319 1920.......... 117, 854 1,185, 322 380 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting. to $22.50: New work ---------------------------------------- $69, 406. 46 Maintenance ------------------------------------------ 1,093. 54 Net total expended 500. 00 7-------------------------- 170, Total appropriations to date of this report -- __----------- -- 70, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1....... $68, 969.76 ... ............................. Expended for maintenance s.... :....... $178. 89 $89.97 $351.52 $473.16 Appropriated or allotted.......................... . ... ............ .... ............... - July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ____-__- _____----___-- $1, 473. 16 Deduction on account of amount transferred to East River, N. Y .. 1, 000. 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance- 473. 16 1In addition $10,000 was expended from contributed funds. SNot deducting receipts from sales, etc. 274 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP C. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $684.23: New work--------------------------------------------- $1,590, 835. 45 Maintenance ------------------------------------------- 201, 262. 49 Net total expended: -- -------------------------- 1, 792, 097. 94 Total appropriations to date of this report __________-_____-1, 832, 439. 71 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1..... $84, 295. 07 $202, 659. 59 $183, 078. 01 $114, 287. 53 $17, 999.91 Expended for maintenance 1..... 5,477. 25 15, 001.50 877.88 1, 016. 59 28, 749., 24 Total expended 1........... 89,772.32 217, 661. 09 183,955.89 115,304.12 46,749.15 Appropriated or allotted......... 200,000.00............... 000. 00 50, 41, 000. 00 ............. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended_--__ ------------------ __- _ $88, 090. 62 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923______________-- .30 88, 090. 92 Deduction on account of amount transferred to East River, N. Y__ 1, 000. 00 87, 090. 92 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year :1 For new work______-- ___________-__-__$17, 999. 91 For imaintenance ------------------------------- 28, 749. 24 46, 749. 15 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ___---------__ __---40, 341. 77 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities_____________________________ 30, 942. 13 July 1, 1923, balance available, including $1,000.00 available only for maintenance ________- -__ _____ ____--__9, 399. 64 -____- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-------- _____-__________-_ 2380, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended .infiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance------------------------------------ 46, 000. 00 EXAMINATIONS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED JUNE 5, 1920, AND SEPTEMBER 22, 19'22. Reports on preliminary examinations required by the river and harbor acts of June 5, 1920, and September 22, 1922, of the follow- ing localities within this district were duly submitted by the dis- trict engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress, but have not yet been printed. 1. Preliminary examination of Murderers Creek, N. Y.-Report dated November 24, 1922, was transmitted to Congress February 5, 1923. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. 2. Preliminary examination of Jamaica Bay, N. Y., with a view to securing increased depth and width, including an entrance chan- 1 Not deducting receipt~s from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 275 nel.--Report dated October 19, 1922, was transmitted to Congress December 8, 1922. As satisfactory provision for the improvement of Jamaica Bay have been made by the act of September 22, 1922, no survey nor further action of any sort is necessary at this time, under the act of June 5, 1920. 3. Preliminaryexamination of Hudson River at Stockport, N. Y.- Resport dated November 24, 1922, was transmitted to Congress Febru- ary 10, 1923. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of July 27, 1-916, August 8, 1917, March 2, 1919, June 5, 1920, and September 22, 1922, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Hudson River, N. Y., from Hudson to the dam at Troy. with a view to securing a depth of 27 feet with suitable width. 2. Bronx (Harlem) Kills, N. Y., lower end of Hudson River to Long Island Sound. 3. Harlem River, N. Y. 4. Flushing Bay, N. Y. 5. Bay Ridge Channel, New York Harbor, N. Y. 6. Jamaica Bay, with a view to obtaining a channel 100 feet wide and 6 feet deep to and through Great South Bay to Peconic Bay, including channels to Parsonage and Sumpawans River and Freeport and Massapequa Creeks.--This item, contained in the river and harbor act approved March 2, 1907, is modified in the act of August 8, 1917, to permit the consideration of a channel of suit- able depth and width. 7. Upper Bay, New York Harbor, with a view to protecting Bay Ridge and Red Hook Channels by the construction of a breakwater on the outer side of the Bay Ridge and Red Hook Shoal, in con- nection with any proposition from the city of New York for con- structing docks and piers by reclaiming and filling in said shoal may be considered; and widening Bay Ridge and Red Hook channels to a suitable width not exceeding 2,000 feet with a depth of 40 feet. 8. Waterway connecting Gravesend Bay with JamaicaBay, N. Y.- Including consideration of any proposition for cooperation on the part of local or State interest, or both. 9. Flushing Bay and Creek, N. Y. 10. Twelve-foot channel from Peconic Bay to Jamica Bay, N. Y. 11. East Chester Creek, N. Y., with a view to extending the navigable channel to Sixth Street Bridge in the city of Mount Vernon. 12. Milton Harbor, N. Y. 13. Glencove Creek, N. Y. 14. Flushing Bay, N. Y. 15. Huntington Harbor, N. Y. 16. Gowanus Creek Channel from the foot of Percival Street to Hamilton Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y., with a view to deepening the same to 26 feet at mean low water. 17. Hudson River Channel, along the water front of Weehaw ken and Edgewater, N. J., with a view to providing a depth of 40 276 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. feet at mean low water or such lesser depth as may be necessary to serve the interests of navigation and extending in a straight line in front of the dock of Edgewater about three-quarters of a mile farther north. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. This district includes Staten Island, N. Y., and the northeastern part of New Jersey from Newark Bay and its tributaries on the north to Toms River on the south. District engineer: Col. H. C. Newcomer, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. J. C. Sanford, Corps of Engineers, to July 13, 1922; Col. H. C. Newcomer, Corps of Engineers, as acting division engineer to July 20, 1922; as division engineer since that date. IMPROVEMENTS. [The letters and figures in parentheses after the titles indicate the group and the numerical order in the group to which the respective improvements belong for purposes of appropriation.] Page. Page. 1. Newark Bay, Hackensack and 7. Cheesequake Creek, N. J. Passaic Rivers, N. J...... 276 (A5) - - ___ 298 2. New York and New Jersey 8. Keyport Harbor, N. J. (A6)_- 301 Channels _-----------------283 9. Matawan Creek, N. J. (A7) _ 303 3. Elizabeth River, N. J. (Al). 288 10. Shoal Harbor and Compton 4. Woodbridge Creek,.N. J. (A2)_ 290 Creek, N. J. (A8) .- _- 304 5. Raritan Ritver, N. J. (A3)-.- 293 11. Shrewsbury River, N. J. 6. South River, N. J. (A4)__- 296 (A9) -__-___ __---__- 306 1. NEWARK BAY, HACKENSACK AND PASSAIC RIVERS, N. J. Location and description.-Newark Bay is an estuary about 1 mile wide between bulkhead lines and 6 miles long, extending southerly from the confluence of the Hackensack and Passaic Rivers to the Kill van Kull or Staten Island Sound, thus connecting with the waters of Upper and Lower New York Bay. The Hackensack River rises near Haverstraw, Rockland County, N. Y., and flows southerly to the head of Newark Bay. It is about 45 miles long. Its drainage area is 201.6 square miles; its minimum discharge at the mouth is about 46 second-feet; its maximum dis- charge is about 7,740 second-feet. It is tidal and navigable to New Milford, about 20- miles from the mouth. The width between banks in this portion of the river varies between 100 and 2,500 feet. The Passaic River rises in the highlands of northeastern New Jersey and flows in an easterly and southerly direction. It is about 80 miles long. Its drainage area is about 949 square miles; its minimum discharge at the mouth is about 155 second-feet; its maximum discharge is about 17,020 second-feet. It is tidal and navigable up to the Dundee Rapids above Passaic, a distance of about 16 miles. The width between banks of the improved section varies between 300 and 1,000 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 287 and 369, and U. S. Geological Survey chart of New York City and vicinity.) Original condition.-Before improvement the controlling depth in Newark Bay was about 8 feet at mean low water at the upper end, gradually increasing to a depth of over 30 feet at the lower end. RIVERS I AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 277 The width between the 8-foot curves varied from 220 feet near the upper end to over 2,000 feet at the lower end. Bars at the mouth of the Hackensack River limited naviggion in that waterway to a depth of about 8 feet at mean low water to the Newark and New York Railroad bridge, a distance of 1 mile. The widths for this depth extended over several hundred feet. From this bridge to Little Ferry, a distance of 111 miles, the natural chan- nel was 12 feet or more deep and of ample width. From Little Ferry to Court Street, Hackensack, 24 miles, the limiting width was about 100 feet, and the depth from 5 to 6 feet. Thence to New Milford, the head of navigation, there was little depth and practically no commerce. In the Passaic River the available depth to Center Street, 4.2 miles above the mouth, was about 7 feet. Mud and sand flats at the mouth limited navigation to this depth. At places the width of this chan- nel was not over 100 feet. Above Center Street to Passaic, where through navigation was cut off by the dam of the Dundee Water Co., the channel was obstructed by several rock and gravel bars, which gave controlling depths of 2 to 3 feet and a width of about 200 feet. Previous projects.-An appropriation was made by Congress Au- gust 30, 1852, of $10,000 for improvement of Newark Bay; also $2,000 for a survey of same. A report of the survey was made under date of January 27, 1853. A 6-foot project of improvement for a part of Passaic River, which still applies between the Montclair and Greenwood Lake Railroad bridge and Passaic, was adopted June 10, 1872. A 10-foot project for the upper part of the bay and lower part of Passaic River was adopted by the river and harbor act approved June 14, 1880. A project for a 12-foot channel in the bay and lower reaches of Passaic River was adopted by the act of June 13, 1902. The 12-foot project was superseded by a 16-foot project adopted March 2, 1907, which still applies in a small stretch of the river below the Montclair and Greenwood Lake Railroad bridge. A 20-foot proj- ect was adopted July 25, 1912, for the bay and Passaic River below the Nairn Linoleum Works, and still applies in the river. The orig- inal project for the improvement of the Hackensack River was adopted by the act of July 25, 1912, and still applies from a point 4,800 feet above the Lincoln Highway Bridge to Hackensack. A 16- foot project adopted March 2, 1919, applied to the lower reaches of the Hackensack River. The total amount expended under previous projects in these waterways prior to the adoption of the existing proj- ect in 1922 was $2,023,321.46 for new work and $727,078.48 for maintenance, a total of $2,750,399.94. For further details of previous projects see pages 377, 381 and 384 of Annual Report for 1922. Existing project.-This provides for a channel in Newark Bay 30 feet deep and about 1,800 feet wide at the entrance, including the re- moval to a depth of 30 feet of the rock area at Bergen Point, shown on project map as area A, narrowing to 400 feet below the Central Rail- road of New Jersey bridge across the bay, and continuing with that width to the junction of the Passaic and Hackensack River channels, a distance of about 5 miles, with a branch channel 30 feet deep and 400 feet wide, widened at the turn, to the Port Newark Terminal extending from the main channiel as far as the United States pierhead line, a dis- 278 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. tance of 1,200 feet; a channel in the Hackensack River 30 feet deep and 400 feet wide, from the upper end of the Newark Bay channel to the Central Railroad of New Jersey bridge, about 1.2 miles, thence 20 feet deep and 300 feet wide to deep water located about 4,800 feet above the Lincoln Highway Bridge, about 1.6 miles, thence 12 feet deep and 200 feet wide to Little Ferry, 11.2 miles, and thence 12 feet deep and 150 feet wide to the New York, Susquehanna & Western " Railroad bridge, 21 miles, a total distance for the Hackensack River of about 151 miles; and a channel in the Passaic River 20 feet deep and 300 feet wide, increased at the bends, from the mouth of the river to the Nairn Linoleum Works, about 7 miles, thence 16 feet deep and 200 feet wide to the Montclair & Greenwood Lake Railroad bridge, about 1.1 miles, thence 7- feet deep and 150 feet wide through Bellville Bar, about 1,500 feet, and thence 6 feet deep and 50 to 100 feet wide to Gregory Avenue highway bridge at Passaic, 5.8 miles, a total distance for the Passaic River of 14.1 miles. All depths refer to the plane of mean low water. The mean tidal range in the bay, Hackensack River, and in Passaic River up to the Montclair and Greenwood Lake Railroad bridge is about 5 feet; in the Passaic River at the Gregory Avenue bridge, Passaic, it is about 4.6 feet. High easterly or westerly winds cause a fluctuation of as much as 2 feet above or below the mean tidal range. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1922, is $2,587,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1922) approved estimate of annual maintenance is $100,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 10, 1872, provided for the 6-foot channel in Passaic River (Annual Report for 1872, p. 808) ; the acts of March 7, 1907, and February 27, 1911, provided for the 16-foot channel in Passaic River (H. Doc. No. 441, 59th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the 20-foot project in Passaic River (H. Doc. No. 707, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the 12-foot channel in Hackensack River (H. Doc. No. 643, 61st Cong., 2d sess) ; and the act approved September 22, 1922, provided for the 20 and 30-foot channels in Hackensack River and the 30-foot channel in Newark Bay (H. Doc. No. 206, 67th Cong., 2d sess.). The last-mentioned document contains the latest published map. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-There are no conditions of local cooperation for the work in the Passaic River. For the greater depths author- ized by the river and harbor act approved September 22, 1922, in Newark Bay and the Hackensack River, that act provides as fol- lows : (a) That no work shall be done below Port Newark terminal until the Sec- retary of War shall have been satisfied that the city of Newark, N. J., or pri- vate interests will dredge and maintain that part of Port Newark Terminal Channel which lies between the United States pierhead line and the Newark and Elizabeth branch of the Central Railroad of New Jersey, crossing the ter- minal property, to the same dimensions as may be authorized for that part of this channel outside the United States pierhead line. (b) That no work shall be done above Port Newark until the Secretary of War shall have been satisfied that the city of Jersey City, N. J., or private interests, will dredge and maintain a connecting channel to a depth of not less than that of the main channel and of suitable width, leading from the main channel to the terminal wharves to be constructed by the city. RIVERS AND HARBORS--SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 279 (c) That no work shall be done below the Newark Terminal until the Secre- tary of War shall have been satisfied that the city of Newark, N. J., will pro- vide suitable public terminals open to all under equal and reasonable terms; and that no work shall be done above Newark Terminal until the Secretary of War shall have been satisfied that the city of Jersey City, N. J., will provide similar public terminals. e (d) That no work shall be done below the Port Newark Terminal until the Secretary of War shall have been satisfied that the city of Newark or other interested parties will, whenever required by him, provide areas satisfactory to the Chief of Engineers for the disposal of part or all of the material to be dredged, and will construct dikes or bulkheads satisfactory to the Chief of Engineers to retain such dredged material; and that no work shall be done above Port Newark Terminal until similar conditions have been complied with by the city of Jersey City or other interested parties. (e) That no work shall be done until the project for a 30-foot depth in Kill van Kull shall have been adopted by Congress. These conditions have not been met. Newark and Jersey City and other interested parties are working on the problem of comply- ing with these conditions and have made substantial progress in their endeavors. Indications are that the conditions will be satisfactorily met during the summer of 1923. The city of Newark has dredged a channel 200 feet wide and 30 feet deep from Port Newark Terminal to Kill van Kull following the line of the branch channel to the terminal and the main channel in Newark Bay. It is stated that the cost of this work within the limits covered by the existing project was approximately $500,000. The city of Newark has also spent $66,745.46 in removing sewer deposits from Passaic River. The city of Jersey City paid about $40,000 for material dredged from the existing 16-foot channel at the mouth of Hackensack River, reducing the cost to the United States by approximately this amount. Terminal facilities.-There are 14 private wharves and two pub- licly owned wharves or terminals in Newark Bay. One of the latter, Port Newark Terminal, has been extensively developed by the city of Newark. It was originally developed for a public terminal, but during the war a large part of it was taken over for war emergency work by the United States Quartermaster Department and by the Submarine Boat Corporation, which company later organized a sub- sidiary company known as the Transmarine Corporation. The part taken by the United States was recently offered for sale, but it is understood no sale has been consummated. The city of Newark is proceeding with the development of other parts of tlfis terminal along the lines of their original plans. Practically all these terminals have good rail and highway connections. There are publicly owned lands at different points along the Hackensack River. The city of Jersey City owns a serviceable public wharf above and adjoining the Newark Turnpike Bridge. The city of Jersey City also has large land holdings on the river which it expects to develop along extensive lines for public terminal purposes. About six private wharves are open to public usage. There are 28 wharves whose use is confined to private industry. The terminals are adequate for existing commerce. They practically all have rail- road and highway connections. Between the mouth of the Passaic River and the Montclair and Greenwood Lake Railroad bridge there are two publicly owned wharves, two privately owned wharves open to the public, and 92 280 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. private wharves. Above this bridge are located 33 privately owned wharves. The terminals in the lower section of the river are adequate and well equipped; in the upper section they are small and not so well equipped, consisting generally of timber bulkheads back- filled with dirt. Practically x11 docks have easy connection with railroads and highways. Space is available for construction of terminals all along the waterway. (For a full description of termi- nal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement of these waterways has rendered navigation easier and safer and has made it possible to navigate larger boats and render their movements less dependent on tides. The improvement made possible the establishment of the Sub- marine Boat Corporation shipyard at Port Newark, the second largest shipyard in the country, the establishment of shipyards on the lower Hackensack and Passaic Rivers, the large quartermaster's depot at Port Newark, the United States Army Engineer Depot at Kearny, and the operation of limited sized ocean carriers from Port Newark Terminal. Several large industries have located along the lower stretches of the two rivers, and a large increase in com- merce has resulted from these developments. The continuation of the improvements is necessary for the successful operation of business in the locality. Operations and results during the fiscal year.--New work in the bay and in Hackensack River under the existing project was held in abeyance pending the fulfillment of conditions of local cooperation. Negotiations were carried on during the year with the interested parties for the purpose of having the conditions satisfied. Maintenance dredging in the 20-foot channel in Passaic River under a contract dated February 14, 1921, was in progress at the be- ginning of the fiscal year and continued until July 18 when the con- tract was completed, restoring about 900 feet of the channel to project dimensions, commencing 7,600 feet above the Pennsylvania Railroad freight bridge and working upstream. There were re- moved under this contract during the year 62,805 cubic yards of mud and sand. The total amount removed under the contract was 681,037 cubic yards. Maintenance dredging and dredging to com- plete the project to Jackson Street was again commenced on October 20, under a contract dated September 18, 1922, and continued in progress until completed on February 3, 1923. The channel was dredged to project depths between the point reached by the previous contract and Jackson Street, a distance of 2,500 feet, the upper 800 feet of which was new work. There were removed under this con- tract 159,176 cubic yards of mud, sand, clay, and cobbles, of which about 57.266 cubic yards were for new work. The expenditures dur- ing the year prior to the modification of the project on September 22, 1922, were $41,876.81 for maintenance, and are charged to mainte- nance under the previous project. The expenditures during the year under the existing project were for new work $1*7,000, for mainte- nance $27,381.37; total expenditures $44,381.37. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about one-half of 1 per cent completed. Since the modification of the project in 1922, 800 feet of the 20-foot channel in the Passaic River below Jackson RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 281. Street has been dredged to project dimensions, completing the 20- foot channel in Passaic River up to Jackson Street, Newark. The controlling low-water depths on June 30, 1923, were 30 feet in Neiark Bay in a narrow channel 200 feet wide up to the Port Newark Terminal connecting channel, thence 20 feet to the junction of the two rivers; thence in Hackensack River about 16 feet to the public-service power station in the Marion section of Jersey City, thence 12 feet to the highway bridge at Little Ferry, from 9 to 10 feet through this bridge, thence about 12 feet to Gas Works Creek, and thence about 10 feet to the head of the project and commercial boat traffic at the New York, §usquehanna & Western Railroad bridge, Hackensack; and in the Passaic River 20 feet to the Jackson Street bridge, thence 17 feet to Bridge Street, thence 15 feet to the Nairn Linoleum Works, thence 13 feet to the Montelair and Green- wood Lake Railroad bridge, thence 6 feet to the Third River Bar, and thence about 5 feet to Gregory Avenue, Passaic, the upper end of the project. There is some commercial boat navigation up to Wall Street, about 1.9 miles above Gregory Avenue. The following work remains to be done to complete the project: In Newark Bay, the dredging of the 30-foot channel and removal of a rock area opposite the Bergen Point Light; in Hackensack River, the dredging of the 30-foot channel, the dredging of the 20- foot channel and the removal of a small quantity of rock from that channel, and the removal of some-loose rock from the draw of the highway bridge in the 12-foot channel at Little Ferry; in Passaic River, completion of the 20-foot channel between Jackson Street and the Nairn Linoleum Works. This will involve the removal of some rock near the west channel line above the Center Street bridge, where a 16-foot depth was never made under the previous project. The total expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1923, were, for new work $17,000, for maintenance $26,906.68; total expenditures $43,906.68. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1923, which was obtained for the purpose of maintaining the 20-foot channel in the Passaic River will be held until the need for work becomes more necessary. When the estimate was submitted it was considered that maintenance would be needed in the lower reaches of this channel during the summer of 1923. The channel now appears in fair condition and its maintenance is not considered warranted at the present time. There appears to be a likelihood that the conditions imposed by law on local interests which govern the commencement time of work under the existing project will be met during the early part of the summer of 1923. If so, any funds allotted for this project from the appropriation of March 2, 1923, will be applied to work in lower Newark Bay and to Hackensack River. The funds for Newark Bay will be expended for dredging by contract in the Port Newark Terminal Channel and between this channel and Kill van Kull. To complete the project up to and including the part of the Port Newark Channel covered by the project requires the dredging of about 2,400,000 cubic yards. It is proposed to do the work under three contracts. The work will be prosecuted at a rate such that the 282 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. funds will be exhausted in ten months after the commencement of the work, excluding the three winter months, when work will prob- ably be discontinued. It is proposed to apply the funds, if made available for Hacken- sack River, in doing as much of the required dredging in the 20-foot channel above the Newark and New York railroad bridge of the Central Railroad of New Jersey, as the funds will permit and in excavating the minimum amount of rock to provide a channel 300 feet wide and 20 feet deep at mean low water. The entire work involves dredging about 210,000 cubic yards and removing about 3,500 cubic yards of rock. The work can be completed in about five months. The amount that should be provided for the fiscal year 1925 is $500,000. This will be applied in dredging the 30-foot channel of such width as may be practicable between the Port Newark Terminal Channel in Newark Bay and the Central Railroad of New Jersey bridge crossing Hackensack River. This work is urgently needed by industries in Hackensack River. These funds if made available will be applied as follows: Newark Bay, from Port Newark connecting channel to the junction of the Hackensack and Passaic Channels, dredging 1,000,000 cubic yards ------------------------------------------------- $250, 000 Hackensack River, from junction of Hackensack and Passaic Chan- nels to the Central Railroad of New Jersey bridge, dredging 1,000,000 cubic yards------------- ------------------------------- 250, 000 Total ---------------------------------------------- 500, 000 Commercial statitiics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of building material, coal, coke, and petroleum products. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918 .................. 6, 496, 803 $493,513, 493 1921 .................. 2, 775, 008 $106, 362, 394 1919................. 4, 848, 569 532 573,493 1922............... . 4, 662, 682 131,21$, 975 1920 ................. 3 30,823 185,782,253 Passengers carried1 none. The increase in tonnage of 1922 is due mainly to the volume of petroleum products, gravel, and sand handled. The tonnage of 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried, of total loaded tonnage. draft of vessel. Feet. Petroleum products ............. ............ ...................... 20.2 6-23 Building material ............... ...... ..................... ............. 30.1 5-23 Coal and coke .............................................................. 38.0 5-19 RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 283 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $51,162.96: New work____ --------------------------------------- $2, 040, 321. 46 Maintenance------ --------------------------------- 753 985. 16 Net total expended--------------------------------2, 794, 306. 62 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 2, 826, 320. 22 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1... $344. 29 $22,666.42 $30,520.63 .. 000.00 $.......... $17 Expended for maintenance 1_... 14, 800. 32 6, 212. 70 34, 020. 63 $190,230.65 69,258.18 Total expended 1........... 15,144. 71 28,879.12 64, 541.26 190, 230. 65 86, 258.18 Appropriated or allotted......... 193, 600. 00 170, 000. 00 ............................ 30,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended_ $87, 797. 09 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved March 2, 1923 30, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 ..... 474. 69 118, 271. 78 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year : For new work_ _ __-- _____________ $17, 000. 00 For maintenance_ -- ----------- 69, 258. 18 86., 258. . .. 18. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended________________-- ___ __ 32, 013.60 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities_- ___---- ___2, 013.60 July 1, 1923, balance available__---------------------------- 30, 000. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-__ ___----..__.-- ------ '2, 570, 000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work____- ____________ - ________--_ 2500, 000. 00 2. NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY CHANNELS. Location and description.-The New York and New Jersey Chan- nels are the channels extending from deep water in the main channel, northwest of Sandy Hook, through Lower New York Bay and Raritan Bay to Perth Amboy, and thence through the Arthur Kill, lower Newark Bay, and Kill van Kull, known col- lectively as Station Island Sound, to deep water in Upper New York Bay. This route is located approximately along the bound- ary line between the States of New York and New Jersey. Its length is about 30.5 miles, distributed as follows: 13.5 miles in Lower New York and Raritan Bays, 12 miles in Arthur Kill, 2 miles in lower Newark Bay and 3 miles in Kill van Kull. A s Exluive of available funds. 1 Not deducting receipts~ from sales, etc. 284 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S, ARMY, 1923. branch channel in Raritan Bay to South Amboy is about 1.5 miles long and another north of Shooters Island in lower Newark Bay is about 1 mile long, thus giving a total length of about 33 miles for all the channels included under this title. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 369.) Original condition.-In their original condition the natural chan- nels had a controlling depth at mean low water of about 24 feet in Lower New York Bay, 14.5 feet in Raritan Bay to Perth Amboy and 13.5 feet to South Amboy, between 14 and 15 feet in Staten Island Sound, and about 2 feet in the channel north of Shooters Island. The width varied from 100 to 1,000 feet. Previous projects.--The original project in Raritan Bay was adopted by the act of March 3, 1881, and modified by the acts of September 19, 1890, and June 3, 1896. The original project in Staten Island Sound was adopted by the act of June 23, 1874, and modified by the acts of March 3, 1875, June 14, 1880, August 11, 1888, May 15, 1889, Octo tber 20, 1890, June 3, 1896, June 13, 1902, June 25, 1910 and March 4, 1913. The total amount ex- pended under previous projects prior to the adoption of the exist- ing project in 1922 was $3,164,935.41 for new work and $584,557.24 for maintenance, a total of $3,749,492.65. For further details of previous projects see pages 362, 366, and 374 of the Annual Report for 1921. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 30 feet deep and 400 feet wide from deep water in Lower New York Bay through Raritan Bay and Staten Island Sound to deep water in Upper New York Bay, with a branch channel in Raritan Bay to South Amboy, 21 feet deep and 300 feet wide, and a branch channel north of Shooters Island, 20 feet deep and 400 feet wide protected by a dike on its northern side. All depths refer to mean low water. The mean range of tides varies between 4.7 feet and 5 feet. Extreme easterly or westerly winds produce fluctuations of 1 to 3 feet above or below the mean range. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1918 is $10,400,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects, and $118,000 for annual maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the following liver and harbor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for the 21-foot channel to South Amboy (H. Doc. No. 298, 53d Cong., 3d sess.), and the act of September 22, 1922, provided for the other channels. (H. Doc. No. 653, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published maps are printed in the last mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 12 publicly owned wharves and 290 private wharves and piers, used with few exceptions exclu- sively by their owners, fronting on Staten Island Sound. None of the public wharves have direct railroad connections or mechani- cal appliances for handling freight, but they all have good high- way connections. One hundred and twenty of the privately owned wharves or piers have direct railroad connection, and 139 have me- chanical appliances for handling freight, which vary from the sim- RIVERS ANP HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 285 ple derrick to the McMyler type of coal tipple for transferring coal from rail to water carriers. All the terminals are generally effi- cient and adequate for the particular purpose for which they are used. Although there is no demand for well-equipped public ter- minals at the present time, the time is not far distant when as a re- sult of all available manufacturing sites being taken up along the water fronts, especially on the New Jersey side of Staten Island Sound, concerns will have to locate inland and the State or local authorities will have to provide adequate terminals, or industrial development depending on water-borne traffic will stop. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-It appears from inquiry that no estimate can be made of the exact effect of the improvement on freight rates. except as to the local commerce and deep-draft vessels carrying bulk freight from distant ports upon which the rates have been reduced by this improvement. Operations and results 'during fiscal year.-A contract for dredg- ing and removal of rock and bowlders, under the 25-foot project of March 4, 1913, dated April 5, 1916 modified by supplemental agreement dated January 17, 1919, over certain rock areas from southeast of Shooters Island to a point about 8,000 feet below the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad bridge was resumed on March 15, 1923, and completed on April 25, 1923. The total amount of material removed and accepted under this contract was 167,418 cubic yards. A contract dated August 6, 1917, for dredging and removal of rock and bowlders over certain areas from opposite the Grasselli Chemical Co. to Carteret was resumed on April 26, 1923, was con- tinued intermittently, and was in progress at the close of the fiscal year. Dredging.for maintenance in the South Amboy Channel with the U. S. seagoing dredgeAtlantic, borrowed from the first New York district, was commenced on November 1, 1922, and discontinued on December 9, 1922, the available funds being exhausted. The dredge worked over the entire authorized channel from the junction of channels opposite Great Beds Light to opposite the coal piers at South Amboy. The amount of material removed was 137,758 cubic yards, hopper measurement. The U. S. seagoing dredge Atlantic removed all the material that could be economically dredged with this kind of plant from St. George Shoal at the New York Bay entrance to Kill van Kull. Work was commenced on April 9, 1923, discontinued on April 22, resumed on May 1, and stopped on May 20, 1923. The total amount of material removed was 100,190 cubic yards, hopper measurement. Informal bids for the removal of the material remaining to produce project dimensions with suitable contractor's plant were received on June 30, 1923. A contract dated June 1, 1923, for dredging and rock removal from deep water in Upper New York Bay to the westerly line of Shooters Island was commenced on June 28, 1923, and was in progress at the end of the fiscal year. The total amount of material, other than rock, removed under this contract during the year was 1,234 cubic yards. 286 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. A contract dated May 29, 1923, for dredging from a point opposite the center of Pralls Island to opposite Rahway Avenue, Carteret, had not been commenced at the end of the fiscal year. A contract dated June 14, 1923, for dredging from opposite Rah- way Avenue, Carteret, to deep water at Perth Amboy had not been commenced at the end of the fiscal year. Authority was granted under date of June 14, 1923, to award a contract for dredging and rock removal from the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad bridge to opposite the center of Pralls Island, but the awarding of the contract was not made prior to the end of the fiscal year, it being held back pending decision as to the award of contract for dredging and rock removal from the westerly line of Shooters Island to the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad bridge. Dredging with U. S. seagoing dredges Raritan and Navesink, borrowed from the first New York district, was commenced by the former on June 18, 1923, and by the latter on June 20, 1923. Dredg- ing was performed over the section of the channel from deep water northwest of Sandy Hook to a point opposite Old Orchard Light. The total amount of material removed was 225,280 cubic yards, hopper measurement. Authority to enter into a contract for the construction of a timber dike north of Shooters Island was granted under date of June 23, 1923. The contract was prepared and forwarded to the successful bidder, and executed on June 30, 1923. The total amount expended during the fiscal year was $90,090.66 for new work, $52,592.95 for maintenance; a total of $142,683.61. Condition at end of fiscal year.-On June 30, 1923, the controlling depth over Baxters Ledge and St. George Shoal at the Upper New York Bay entrance to Kill van Kull was 27 feet at mean low water. This depth could be carried through Kill van Kull to a point in the channel southeast of Shooters Island to the south of Shooters Island Channel, thence to Perth Amboy the controlling depth was 25 feet. This depth of 25 feet is restricted, however, to less than project width by several shoals in the area extending from the junction of channels westerly of Shooters Island to the turning basin opposite Carteret, N. J. From Perth Amboy to sea, via Raritan Bay, the controlling depth was 20 feet. From the junction of channels south- easterly of Great Beds Light to the coal piers of South Amboy the controlling depth was 18.5 feet at mean low water. The controlling depth in the channel North of Shooters Island was 10 feet at mean low water, but the width at this depth was less ithan half of the project width of 400 feet. The total amount expended under the existing project is $80,728.33 for new work, $29,712.54 for maintenance; a total of $110,440.87. Proposed operations.-Of the balance unexpended June 30, 1923, about $2,600,000 will be applied to new work of dredging and rock removal by contract in the Staten Island Sound division of the New York and New Jersey Channels from Upper New York Bay to Perth Amboy, N. J., $400,000 in dredging with Government owned and operated plant in the Raritan Bay division of the New York and New Jersey Channels, and about $75,000 will be expended in the construction of a timber dike north of Shooters Island. These funds will be expended at a rate of about $170,000 per month and will be exhausted by January 1, 1925. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 287 The amount that should be provided for the fiscal year 1925, is $2,000,000. This sum will be expended as follows: $1,700,000 in dredging and rock removal, by contract, in the Staten Island Sound division of the New York and New Jersey Channels from the vicin- ity of Shooters Island to the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad bridge, including the channel north of Shooters Island, and $300,000 in dredging with Government owned and operated plant in the Rari- tan Bay division of the New York and New Jersey Channels. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of petroleum products, coal chemicals, and building materials. Comparative statement. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. year. year. 1918......46,771,645 $1, 280, 766, 484 (1) 1921......27, 808, 857 $788, 510, 341 2,596.924 1919......43, 077, 645 1, 327 556.526 2,674,060 1922......28,354,670 1,168, 562,387 4, 399,507 1920......33.982, 966 1,242, 367,128 2.546,390 1 No statistics available. The above does not include cargoes in transit, which in 1922 amounted to 5,200,761 short tons valued at $258,909,761. The tonnage of 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Usual Per cent limit of Per cent limit of Class of freight carried. of total loaded Class of freight carried. of total loaded tonnage. draft of tonnage, draft of vessel. vessel. Feet. Feet. Petroleum products ..... 31.9 4-35 Chemicals ................ 3.9 6-10 Coal ..................... 30,5 5-25 Building material......... 8.0 4-23 The increase in number of passengers carried in 1922 is due to the receipt of more complete reports, and to increased ferry traffic. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,188.98. New work --------------------------------------- $3, 245, 663. 74 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 14, 269. 78 Net total expended -- ----------------------------- 3, 859, 933. 52 Total appropriations to date of this report 7, 004, 930. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1928 Expended for new work 1...... $123, 798.02 $206, 940. 0 $224,997.30 $11,325.99 $90, 090.66 Expended for maintenance 1.. 2,529.99 7.45 4,181.19 105,843.50 52, 592.95 Totalexpended 1.......... 126,328.01 206 948.05 229,178.49 117,169.49 142.683.61 Appropriated or allotted.................... .......... ......... 30,000.00 3,100,000.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 61637-ENG 1923-----19 288 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ----------------------- $187, 150. 93 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923--------------- ------------------ 3, 100, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923___-- --- __-___ 529. 16 3, 287, 680. 09 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year :1 For new work -------------------------- $90, 090. 66 For maintenance -------------------------- 52, 592. 95 142, 683. 61 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--------------- ------ 3, 144, 996. 48 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ____________ $26, 790. 66 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts ----------------------------------- 648, 836. 62 675, 627. 28 July 1, 1923, balance available __________-_________- 2, 469, 369. 20 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------------------- 7, 300, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work _____-- ____-- ____-- - 2, 000, 000. 00 KEYPORT AND SHOAL HARBORS, WOODBRIDGE, CHEESEQUAKE, MATAWAN, AND COMPTON CREEKS, ELIZABETH, RARITAN, SOUTH, AND SHREWSBURY RIVERS, AND RARITAN BAY, N. J. (GROUP A.) 3. ELIZABETH RIVER, N. J. (Al.) Location and description.-The Elizabeth River is a tidal stream throughout the section under improvement by the United States. It rises in the city of East Orange, N. J., and flows in a general southeasterly direction about 9 miles, and empties into the Arthur Kill at Elizabethport, about 1 mile below its junction with Newark Bay. The drainage area is about 16 square miles. The data at hand are insufficient to determine its discharge, which is, however, very slight, as the flow of the upper part of the river is governed by im- pounding reservoirs. For location see U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 369. Originalcondition.-The width in the tidal part varied from 50 to 90 feet, with a, natural depth ranging from 5 to 6 feet at mean low water at the mouth, which decreased to a high-water depth of about 4 feet at Broad Street. Navigation was cut off at Broad Street, about 2.7 miles above the mouth, by a bridge without a draw. The mean range of tides at the mouth was about 4.7 feet and 3.4 feet at Bridge Street. Previous projects.--The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879. There was expended on this project $27,000 for new work and $32,944.45 for maintenance, a total of $59,944,45. For further details of previous projects see page 1778 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water and 60 feet wide, extending from the mouth to the New York & Long Branch Railroad bridge, a distance of 1 mile. The 2 Exclusive of available 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 289 mean range of tides at the mouth is about 4.7 feet. The estimate of cost fori new work (1913) is $15,433.50, exclusive of amounts ex- pended under previous projects. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (I. Doc. No. 750, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is printed in the Annual Report for 1905, page 1048. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, required that before 'any work shall be done by the United States local interests must furnish free of cost suitable places for the deposit of dredged material, and also release the United States from all claims for damages due to the possible sloughing of the banks inci- dent to the contemplated dredging. Local interests have complied with these conditions but the dredging work has not been commenced pending establishment of harbor lines. Terminal facilities.-There are 10 private concerns owning wharves fronting on the section of the river covered by the existing project, of which 4 have both rail and water facilities; the others have no railroad connections; only 1 has mechanical appliance for handling freight. There is one publicly owned wharf. The facili- ties are adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-It appears from statements received from shippers that the effect of work done under the previous project was to reduce freight rates. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No dredging work was done under the project because of nonfulfillment of conditions as to local cooperation imposed by the act adopting the project. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year. Condition at the end of fiscal year.-No dredging has been done on the project of 1913. The river has been greatly shoaled and damaged during recent years. It has been used as a sewer outlet by the city of Elizabeth and factories along its banks, the upper part of the river having fallen into disuse as a navigable stream. The maxi- mum draft that could be carried to Summer Street June 30, 1923, was about 2.5 feet at mean low water. Above this point the river is nearly bare at low water. The total expenditure under the exist- ing project is $981.15, charged to new work. Proposed operations.-Therewere not funds available to the credit of this improvement on July 1, 1923. There should be provided for the fiscal year 1925 the sum of $15,000. This is practicaly the amount that was withdrawn and carried to the surplus fund on June 30, 1922. It is expected that the conditions under which the project was adopted will be satisfied early in the fiscal year 1924, and the work proposed under the pro- ject can then be accomplished. It is proposed to do the dredging work with Government plant at a cost of about $10, 000 per month. The funds will, therefore, be exhausted in about 1i months after work is commenced. Commercial statistics.---The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of felt and building material. 290 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918..................... 12,468 $904,382 1921.. .. ......... 46,989 $550,664 1919 ..................... 19, 909 181.292 1922............ ....... 62, 601 4, 392, 528 1920.... 11,759 ' 962,610 Passengers carried, none. The increase in tonnage of 1921 as compared with previous years, is due to the receipt of large quantities of sand and crushed stone. The increased tonnage in 1922 is due to the handling of larger quantities of sand, lumber and felt. The tonnage of 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried. of total loaded tonnage. draft of vessel. Feet. Felt........................................................................ .. 19.2 4-9 Building material.......................................... ............... 78.6 5-9 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1.10: New work----------------------------------- $27,981. 15 Maintenance ------------------------ ---------------- 32,944.45 Net total expended------------ -------------------- 60, 925. 60 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------- 60, 925. 60 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1 .. . . . . . . . Expended'for new work $5.83 $3.76 $254.54...................... Expended for maintenance............................................................ Appropriated or allotted.......................... ......... .......... ............ . ... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------------------------------- $15, 000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work ..--------- ------------------------- 15, 000. 00 4. WOODBRIDGE CREEK, N. J. (A2.) Location and description.-This creek is a small crooked tidal stream, about 5 miles long, rising near Rahway and flowing south- erly and easterly through marshes into the west side of Arthur Kill, or Staten Island Sound, 2 miles north of Perth Amboy, N. J. It is navigable to the second highway bridge, 2) miles above the mouth. The drainage area is about 9.6 square miles. The data at hand are RIVERS AND HARBORS--SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 291 insufficient to determine the discharge, which is small. The average width between banks is about 125 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey chart No. 369.) Original condition.-Navigation was limited to the following mean low-water depths: Over bars at the mouth, 4J feet; thence to Addick's dock, about 1 mile, 7 to 8 feet; thence one-half mile to vicinity of Valentine's dock, about 5 feet; and thence to the high- way bridge, the head of navigation, from 2 to 3 feet. The limiting width for practical navigation was about 50 feet. Previous project.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879. Amount expended for improve- ment under this project was $19,000. Work under the existing project began in 1902. For further details of previous project see page 1777 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep at mean low water, 50 feet wide on the bottom, and 75 feet wide on top, extending from Arthur Kill to the Salamander Dock, a dis- tance of about 9,600 feet. The mean range of tides is about 5 feet. High easterly or westerly winds cause tidal fluctuations of about 2 feet above and below the mean range. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1902, is $35,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1902) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902 (H. Doec. No. 282, 56th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1900, p. 1552). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is one publicly owned wharf and one privately owned wharf on this creek, whose facilities are open to all on equal terms. There are seven private wharves used exclusively for private business. These terminals are in fair condition and ade- quately provide for the handling of the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doec. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-It appears from inquiry that freight rates have been reduced as a result of this improvement. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenancedredging under an emergency contract dated March 1, 1923, was commenced on March 14, 1923, and completed on April 11, 1923. There were removed and accepted under this contract 16,750 cubic yards of material. Project dimensions were restored over the area extending from the Federal Terra Cotta Company's dock about 1.4 miles above the mouth of the creek, to Valentine's dock about 1.6 miles above the mouth of the creek. The total amount expended during the year was $12,718.43 all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1908. Maintenance dredging has been performed several times since that date. The controlling depths at mean low water on June 30, 1923, were 8 feet from the mouth of the creek to Valen- tine's dock, about 1.6 miles, thence 2 feet to the upper end of the project, about 1.8 miles above the mouth of the creek. The ex- 292 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. penditures under the existing project have been $30,822.70 for new work and $68,427.30 for maintenance, a total of $99,250. Proposed operations.-No funds are available for this project and no operation during the fiscal year 1924 are proposed. It is expected that maintenance dredging will be required in the fiscal year 1925, and $6,000 will be required for this purpose. It is proposed to do the work with Government plant, at an estimated cost of $10,000 per month. The funds will therefore be exhausted in about 18 days after work is commenced. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of petroleum products, and building material. Comparative statement. Caleddar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918............... ..... 21,869 ..................... $2,134,0741921 28,559 $1,152,502 1919..................... 95,274 2,265,259 1922..................... 33,425 873,099 1920.................... 27,121 1,272,120 Passengers carried, none. The increase in tonnage in 1919 was due to large receipts of ashes and building stone. The decrease in the value of tonnage of 1922 is compared with previous years is due to the fact that commodities of compara- tively high value were not handled. The tonnage of 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried, of total loaded tonnage. draft of vessel. Feet. Petroleum products........................................................... 8.9 4-8 Building material......................................................... 87.6 4-8 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $8.69. New work----------------------------------------- $49, 822. 70 Maintenance ---------------------- 68, 427. 30 Net total expended--------- 18, 250. 00 1------------------------ Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 118, 250. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work '.................................. Expended for maintenance 1..... $213.23 $50.00 $374.98 $9, 751.44 $12, 718. 43 Appropriated or allotted................. ............... 9,000.00 6,000.00 2, 500.00 ' Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 293 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-------------------------- $10, 218. 43 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved March 2, 1919 ---------------------- -------------------- 2, 500. 00 12, 718. 43 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year for mainte- nance __------------------------------------------------ 12, 718. 43 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance--------------------------------6, 000. 00 5. RARITAN RIVER, N. J. (A3.) Location and description.-This river is a moderate-sized tidal stream about 70 miles long, rising in the north central part of New Jersey and flowing in a general southeasterly direction into Raritan Bay, between Perth Amboy and South Amboy. The drainage area is about 1,105 square miles. The river is tidal about 13 miles. The average width between banks is about 3,000 feet to Crab Island, 3.5 miles; thence about 500 feet to New Brunswick. The minimum dis- charge is about 144 second-feet; the maximum flood discharge has been estimated at 42,548 second-feet. (For location, see U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 375.) Original condition.-There were depths of 20 feet at mean low water, with a width of 400 feet and more to the " Stakes," about 3.3 miles above the mouth. Above this point to New Brunswick, which was the head of navigation, there were many shoals, where the depths varied from 6.5 to 8.5 feet, and widths from 100 to 400 feet. Above New Brunswick there were rapids and navigation was limited to rowboats and canoes. Previous projects.-A survey of Raritan River for the improve- ment of New Brunswick Harbor was made in 1836, and in the follow- ing year $13,963 was appropriated for work, but the records of this office do not show what work was done. Subsequent projects were adopted by the river and harbor acts of June 18, 1878, and March 3, 1881. Work under the existing project was commenced in 1919. The expenditures on previous projects have been $673,155.32 for new work and $111,419.43 for maintenance, a total of $784,574.75. For further details of previous projects, see page 1777 of Annual Report for 1915 and page 359 of Annual Report for 1918. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 15 feet deep and 200 feet wide, extending from deep water at Keasby to Washington Canal, a distance of 4.7 miles; thence 10 feet deep and 150 feet wide to the Delaware and Raritan Canal entrance at New Brunswick, a distance of 5.3 miles; and for the south channel, between Crab Island and Kearneys Dock, 2.97 miles long, 10 feet deep and 150 feet wide. The plane of reference is mean low water. The mean range of tides is about 5 feet at the mouth of the river and 51 feet at New Bruns- wick. High easterly or westerly winds cause irregular tidal fluc- tuations from 1 to 2 feet above or below the mean range. The esti- mate of cost for new work, revised in 1923, is $424,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1912) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 1341, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. 294 REPORT OF CHIEF, OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The city of Perth Amboy owns about 1,875 feet of undeveloped frontage on Raritan River. The city of New Brunswick owns three small sites located on the Delaware & Raritan Canal, one of which has a small wharf on it. The city of New Brunswick has also acquired options on a suitable frontage on the river adjoining and below the entrance lock to the canal which it contemplates developing as a public terminal. Other private termi- n s are open to public use. The Government has established a large ammunition and storage depot and arsenal on Raritan River known as Raritan Arsenal. Thirty-eight other wharves are located on Raritan River and on the Delaware & Raritan Canal at New Brunswick, N. J. The terminals seem sufficient to provide for the needs of existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-It appears from information obtained that this improvement has resulted in a reduction of freight rates. Freight steamers operate daily between New Brunswick and New York during the season of open navigation, furnishing fast and efficient freight service, with rates slightly lower than the competing railroad. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging under contract dated January 3, 1923, was commenced on April 17, and continued in progress until May 14, when work was stopped. Shale rock was encountered over practically the entire area to be dredged and the dredge could not make the depth required. A supplemental agreement was entered into on May 21 for closing the contract. The worst shoal areas in the river between Martin's old quarry and the canal outlet at New Brunswick were dredged over. The amount of material removed under the contract was 7,806 cubic yards place measurement. The depth made varied between 9 and 11 feet at mean low water, and the width 100 feet. There was ex- pended under this improvement during the year, for maintenance, $8,541.08. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Work under the project is about 58 per cent completed. A channel 15 feet deep and 200 feet wide has been completed from deep water to the Washington Canal 6.7 miles above the mouth, thence under the previous project a channel had been obtained 10 feet deep and 200 feet wide to Whitehead's dock, 1.3 miles, and thence 10 feet deep and 100 feet wide to the canal outlet docks at New Brunswick, a distance of 4 miles. The south channel has been dredged 10 feet deep and 150 feet wide for a dis- tance of 14,500 feet up to within 1,300 feet of its-upper end. The mean low water controlling depths on June 30, 1923, were 15 feet in the main channel to the Washington Canal, thence 10 feet to the vicinity of Martin's dock, and thence 9 feet to the canal lock at New Brunswick, in the South Channel between 6 and 7 feet up to Cross- man's dock, thence to the upper end of the South Channel 3.5 feet. There yet remains to be done to complete the project dredging and rock removal, to widen the channel from 100 feet to 150 feet between Whitehead's dock and the upper limit of the project, a distance of 4 miles, and dredging the upper 1,300 feet of the South Channel. The total expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1923, RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 295 were for new work $248,795.28, for maintenance $8,560.64, total $257,355.92. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1923, will be held until the need for maintenance work appears to be more warranted than at the present time. The South Channel deterio- rates very rapidly, and considerable shoaling has taken place in it. The sole user of this channel is the Crossman Co., located about 7,500 feet above its lower end; they have an extensive business in outgoing sand, clay, and gravel. This company has requested that maintainence be done in this channel; but, as this work would bene- fit only one party, it does not appear to be warranted unless this party is willing to bear a share of the cost; and this cooperation is not offered. No estimate is submitted for additional funds for the fiscal year 1925. Maintenance dredging in the Main Channel does not appear to be greatly needed. The need for completing work under the project does not appear to warrant its prosecution at the present time. The upper part of the South Channel is not used. The width of the Main Channel above Whitehead's old wharf appears sufficient for its existing depth to accommodate present commerce. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of building material, clay and clay products, coal, copper, chemicals and petroleum products. Included in the com- merce are cargoes in transit to and from South River, the Delaware and Raritan Canal, and points beyond. The increase in the amount and value of tonnage during 1919 is due mainly to the increase in the volume of traffic to and from Raritan Arsenal. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918 ................... 777, 213 $130,140,335 1921 1..... .......... . 585, 072 $48,297, 852 1919 ................. 1, 375, 945 272, 664,878 1922 1.. 787, 553 82, 246, 262 1920 1.. .... 522, 524 93,196, 696 1Exclusive of the following traffic: Cargoes in transit. Cargoes in transit. Calendar year. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1920................... 280,021 $19,157,743 1922.................. 215,119 $10,894,163 1921................... 211,422 10,781,128 Passengers carried, none. The tonnage of 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Usual Per cent limit of Per cent limitlof Class of freight carried. of total loaded Class of freight carried. of total loaded tonnage. draft of tonnage. draft of vessel. vessel. Feet. Feet. Building material....... 53.9 5-15 Copper ................. 20.9 6-8 Clay and clay products.. 3.5 4-13 Chemicals................ 2.5 5-12 Coal...................... 2.4 5-10 Petroleum products...... 13.9 6-12 296 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $7,954.07: New work - --------------------------------------- $921, 950. 60 Maintenance-------------- 119, 980. 07 Net total expended ------------------------------- 1, 041, 930. 67 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------- 1, 053, 389. 59 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1.... .......... 117, 373.01 $131,422. 27 .. ....... Expended for maintenance 1..... $1, 081. 26 2, 953. 33 695.96 $19. 56 $8, 541. 08 Total expended 1.......... 1,081.26 120,326.34 132,118.23 19.56 8,541.08 Appropriated or allotted........ 250,000.00 ........... ............ 0 20,000.00 ........... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended_ -___-_________----$20, 000. 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 8, 541. 08 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended________ _________ 11, 458. 92 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-_------------------------------1175, 000. 00 6. SOUTH RIVER, N. J. (A4.) Location and description.-This is a tidal river rising in central New Jersey, about 7 miles southwest of Freehold. It flows in a northerly direction about 20 miles to 1 mile above Sayreville, where it empties into the Raritan River about 8 miles above its mouth. The drainage area is about 133 square miles. It is tidal about 10 miles. Its average width between banks is 300 feet. The minimum discharge is about 25 second feet, the maximum discharge is about 3,249 second-feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 375'.) Original condition.-A private canal about three-fourths of a mile long had been dredged from near Washington on the South River to Sayreville on the Raritan River, which shortened the sailing course about 2 miles. The original low-water depth in the canal was about 3.5 feet and in the river about 2.5 feet as far as Old Bridge, the head of navigation. The limiting widths in the canal were 80 feet, thence about 100 feet to Bissetts, 3.7 miles above the mouth of canal, and then about 50 feet or less to Old Bridge, about 6.3 miles above the mouth of canal. Previous projects.-The first project adopted by the Government for this improvement was by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871. The amount expended for carrying out this project was $20,000. Work under the existing project was commenced in 1882. For further details of previous projects, see page 1778 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel to be obtained by diking and dredging from the mouth of the canal to Old Bridge, a Exclusive of available funds. . RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y.j DISTRICT. 297 distance of 6.3 miles. The channel is to be 100 feet wide and 8 feet leep at mean low water to Washington, 1.5 miles; and 6 feet deep for the remainder of the distance. The tidal variation at the canal is 5.34 feet and at Old Bridge 4.57 feet. Irregular tidal fluctuations from 1 to 2 feet, respectively, above or below the mean range take place during high easterly or westerly winds. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1892, is $176,975, exclusive of amounts ex- pended under previous projects. The latest (1912) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $8,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880 (S. Doc. No. 69, 46th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Re- port for 1880, p. 519); and extended by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 520, 62d Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Re- port for 1912, p. 279). The latest published map is printed in House Document No. 520, Sixty-second Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required. The Washington Canal was dredged about 1830, prior to any improvement by the Government, by the New Jersey Transportation Co. No information is obtainable as to the cost of this work. Terminal facilities.-There is one publicly owned wharf at South River. There are also 13 private wharves, some of which are open to public use. These facilities seem adequate under existing con- ditions. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has tended to make transportation by water easier and better. Larger boats can be used and their movements are not so dependent upon tides as they for- merly were. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Soundings were made over the shoal areas between the mouth of Washington Canal and Bissett's brickyard. Dredging was not considered urgently needed and no maintenance was done. There was expended during the fiscal year $1,323.00, which was charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1914. The controlling depth on June 30, 1923, at mean low water was 7 feet to the highway bridge at South River, thence 5 feet to the Raritan River Railroad bridge, thence .6 feet to within about 1,000 feet of the upper end of the project where the channel shoals to 3 feet. The head of navigation is at Old Bridge. Channel widths have narrowed. There has been expended under the exist- ing project for new work $137,224.41, and $50,334.85 for main- tenance; a total of $187,559.26. Proposed operations.-No funds were available to the credit of this project on July 1, 1923. No additional funds are requested for 1925. The channel has shoaled at certain localities, but the amount of commerce on the waterway is at present small, and no complaints have been made regarding the condition of the channel. The need for maintenance does not appear to warrant dredging under existing conditions. Commericial statistics.-The commerce of the calender year 1922 consisted mainly of building material and coal. 298 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, I. S. ARMY, 1923. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918..................... 500 21, $71, .................. . 211 1921. 22,432 $221, 630 1919 ................... 32, 781 257 548 1922................... 30, 902 339,736 1920........ ............ 13,130 184,830 Passengers carried, none. The increase in tonnage for 1921 and 1922 was due to an increase in the amount of building material transported through the waterway. The commerce of 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried. of total loaded tonnage. draft of vessel. Feet. Coal.... ............ "......... ................................... 6.2 6-10 Building material... .............................................. ..... 93.8 7-10 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $607.46: New work---------------- ------------------------- $157, 224. 41 -- Maintenance_________--- __________- 50, 334. 85 Net total expended --------------------------------- 207, 559. 26 Total appropriations to date of this report _______ _____- -207, 559. 26 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............... .... ... .......... ......... . Expended for maintenance 1.... $469. 01 $54. 57 $914.64 $482.89 $1, 323. 00 Appropriated orallotted:............ ...... ... ..... ..... ...... ................. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended_-------____________- ___ $16. 323 Deduction on account of amount transferred to other works in dis- trict ------------------------------ 15, 000 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance___ 1,323 7. CHEESEQUAKE CREEK, N. J. (A5.) Location and description.-Cheesequake Creek is a small tidal stream, 6 to 7 miles long, rising in the eastern part of New Jersey near Old Bridge and flowing in a northeasterly direction into Rari- tan Bay, about 2 miles southeast of South Amboy. The average width between banks is about 160 feet. The drainage area is about 7 square miles. The discharge is small and no data regarding it are RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 299 available. (For location see U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 369.) Original condition.-There were extensive shoals and bars at the mouth, over which the mean low water depth was about 1i feet. The old outlet was about one-half mile to the westward of the pres- ent outlet. The creek was crooked; it had a depth of 4 feet for about three-fourths of the distance to Whitehead's dock, 3 miles, which was the head of navigation, and 4 to 1- feet for the remainder of the distance. The width of the channel varied from 25 to 100 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a new outlet, 5 feet deep, from the creek into Raritan Bay, at right angles to the shore line, through a beach which ran across the mouth of the creek from the right bank and which had forced the outlet nearly one-half mile to the westward. This was to be obtained by dredging and con- structing parallel jetties of stone 200 feet apart on each side of the dredged channel; the old outlet was to be closed by a pile dike, and a channel 4 feet deep at mean low water and from 50 to 100 feet wide was to be dredged from the mouth to the head of naviga- tion, 3 miles up the creek. In this distance two dikes were to be built, and a new channel to be made through the marsh to cut off a bend in the creek. Stump Creek, a tributary stream emptying into the creek near its mouth, was to be improved by dredging a channel 50 feet wide, 3 feet deep, and about 3,500 feet long. The mean range of tides is 5 feet. Irregular tidal fluctuations from 1 to 2 feet, respectively, above or below the mean range are caused by strong easterly or westerly winds. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1884, is $90,000. The latest (1917) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,500. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880 (S. Doc. No. 69, 46th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1880, p. 525). The latest published map is printed in the Annual Report for 1905, page 1048. Recommended nmodifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required. As dredging for the new out- let involved encroachment upon private property, the owner, Mr. David Noble Rowan, voluntarily offered and gave the land to the Government for this purpose. Terminal facilities.-No publicly owned wharf is located on this creek. There are six privately owned wharves which adequately ac- commmodate the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-It appears that the improvement has not advanced sufficiently to affect freight rates. Without occasional dredging it would be impossible to bring tugs, scows, and barges into the creek. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging for thearemoval of a gravel bar blocking the draw of the highway bridge at Morgan, N. J., under an emergency contract dated Novem- ber 8, 1922, was commenced on November 8, and continued in prog- ress until completed on November 14, 1922. The bar, which was about 150 feet long, was removed. There were removed under the contract 2,538 cubic yards, scow measurement, of gravel. The depth 300 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. made was about 6 feet at mean low water. There was expended for maintenance during the year $2,'716. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 45 per cent completed. The last work done in carrying out the project was in 1884. Maintenance dredging has been done several times since then. The work accomplished under the project consists in the construc- tion of two parallel stone jetties at the mouth, the construction of a sheet-pile dike closing the old channel, and dredging a new outlet about 1,600 feet long, 100 feet wide, and 5 feet deep at mean low water. Considerable dredging was done in the creek during the war by the Ordnance Department in connection with the Gillespie Load- ing Plant. The head of navigation is Whitehead's dock. The con- trolling low-water depth on June 30, 1923, was 5 feet. The unfin- ished parts of the project are dredging a channel 4 feet deep and 50 to 100 feet wide between the railroad bridge and the head of navi- ation, including the construction of two dikes, and dredging in Stump Creek. The total expenditures were $40,000 for new work and $22,103.63 for maintenance; a total of $62,103.63. Proposed operations.-Therewere no funds available to the credit of this improvement on July 1, 1923. No funds are requested for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. A small quantity of maintenance dredging was done during the autumn of 1922, and it is not believed further maintenance will be required before the summer of 1925. The channel is in fair condi- tion. The amount of commerce is small. There is no need for doing further new work under the project. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted of sand, animal and vegetable products, machinery, chem- icals, etc. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918................ ..... 50,513 $24,351,501 1921..................... 9,183 $405,298 1919..................... 34,181 20,148,336 1922..................... 28,458 4,122,487 1920 ..................... 10,138 4,488,550 Passengers carried, none. The decrease in tonnage in 1920 and 1921 as compared with pre- vious years is due to the relatively small amount of ammunition han- dled. The decrease in the value of the tonnage of 1921 is due to the lack of tonnage of high value moving to or from the Morgan General Ordnance Depot. The increased volume of tonnage in 1922 is due to large shipments of explosives from the Ordnance Depot. The tonnage in 1922 was handled in vessels usually loaded to 6 to 11 feet. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting * receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1.45: New work------------------------------- ---------------- $40, 000. 00 Maintenance---- ----------------------- 22, 103. 63 Net total expended-- 103. 63 6---------------2, Total appropriations to date of this report----_-_-- 62, 103. 63 RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 301 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............ ............................. ................. . Expended for maintenance 1... $11.68 ..... .................. _.............. $2,716.00 Appropriated or allotted.................... .............. ..................... ......... 2,716.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. Amount transferred from South River, N. J__----_------------- $3, 300. 00 Deduction on account of amount transferred to Keyport Harbor, N. Y_ 584. 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance__ 2, 716. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---- ----------------------------------- 50, 000. 00 8. KEYPORT HARBOR, N. J. (A6.) Location and description.-Keyport Harbor lies at the mouth of Matawan Creek, on the south side of Raritan Bay, 5 miles east of the mouth of Raritan River and about 9 miles west of Sandy Hook, and consists of a bay 1 mile broad. It is sheltered on the east by Conaskonk Point and on the west by Matawan Point. The distance by water to New York City is about 21 miles; to Perth Amboy 5 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 369.) Original condition.-There was no distinct channel in the harbor, and the available depth over the flats to the wharves was less than 4 feet at- mean low water. A 6-foot channel had been dredged at private expense before the United States assumed charge of the improvement, but it had shoaled again to about 5 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel about 1 mile long from Raritan Bay to the steamboat dock at Keyport, the width to be 200 feet and the depth to be 8 feet at mean low water. The mean range of tides is 4.9 feet. High easterly or westerly winds cause the tides to fluctuate from 1 to 2 feet above or below the mean range. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1883, is $40,475. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act ap- proved August 2, 1882 (H. Doc. No. 153, 42d Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Report for 1873, p. 941). The latest published map is printed in the Annual Report for 1905, page 1040. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required. A channel t feet deep and 100 feet wide had been dredged at private expense in 1867, but this channel had shoaled to its original condition at the time of the adoption of the project. The amount expended on this work is not known. Terminal facilities.-There are foi serviceable privately owned wharves located on Keyport Harbor. Only one of these is open to public use. The terminal facilities seem adequate under existing conditions. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of this improvement has been to greatly reduce freight rates and to facilitate the marketing of all kinds of farm products. 302 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Nothing was done during the year. The channel was in fair condition from dredging done during the fall of 1922, and there was no call for dredging. There were no expenditures during the fiscal year. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1911. The controlling low-water depth on June 30, 1923, to the upper steamboat wharf at Keyport was 8 feet, in a channel of less than project width. The expenditures have been $40,475 for new work and $102,578.71 for maintenance; a total of $143,053.71. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1923, will be applied to maintenance dredging by contract during the summer of 1924. A recent examination indicates that maintenance will not be required before that time. It is proposed to commence work about May 1, 1924, and complete work and exhaust the funds by June 30, 1924. The greater part of the dredging will be done at the bend of the channel leading to the steamboat wharf where experi- ence shows shoaling will be greatest. No additional funds are required for the fiscal year 1925. The available balance is considered sufficient to maintain the channel until the summer of 1925. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of oysters and clams, and general merchandise, and includes the traffic of Matawan Creek, consisting of manure. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918.............. ...... 27,857 $705,173 1921 .................... 1 9,007 $1,653,153 1919... 44,033 1,978,288 1922 .................... 18, 468 1,154, 390 1920............... ..... 11, 824 2, 889, 600 1 Exclusive of the following traffic: Cargoes in transit. Cargoes in transit. Year. Year. Tons. Value. Tons. Value. 1920......................... 2,000 88,000 1922............... ...... 1,165 $3,203 1921 ..................... 1,086 2, 650 Passengers carried, none. The decrease in tonnage in 1920 and 1921, as compared with pre- vious years, is due mainly to the relatively small amount of oysters and oyster shells handled. The tonnage of 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried. of total loaded tonnage. draft of vessel. Feet. Oysters and clams ........................................................ 43 4-6 General merchandise................................................... 23.4 101 Manure..................................................................... 12. 9 RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 303 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3.66: New work----------- -------------------------------$40, 475. 00 Maintenance------------- ------------------------- 102, 578. 71 Net total expended ---- --------------------- 143, 053. 71 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 151, 637. 71 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............. Expended for maintenance 1 $578.38 $663.26 -$357.80 $29, 616.52........... Appropriated or allotted..................................... 20,000.00 ............... 8,584.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. Amount transferred from South River, N. J. ($8,000) and from Cheesequake Creek, N. J. ($584) --------------------------- $8, 584. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ---------------------------- 8, 584. 00 9. MATAWAN CREEK, N. J. (A7.) The project is 90 per cent completed. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year and no balance is available, and no work is now proposed as there is practically no commerce at the present time, and consequently no call for dredging. (For full description of this project see Annual Report for 1920, p. 378.) Commercial staf itics.-Commerce of the calendar year 1922 con- sisted solely of manure. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918..................... 3,072 $6,148 1921...................... 1,086 $2,650 1919.................... . 3,763 9,783 1922..................... 1,165 3,203 1920...................... 2,000 8,000 Passengers carried, none. The tonnage for 1922 was carried' in vessels usually loaded to 7T feet. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2.99: New work ------------------------------------- $21, 000. 00 Maintenance 0, 358. 17 7-------------------------- Net total expended-------------------------------- 91, 358. 17 Total appropriations to date of this report__-__-------------- 91, 358.17 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended fornew work.................................... ............ Expended for maintenance......... .................... ......................... Appropriated orallotted........ ..... ........... ........................ ............. Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion . of existing project .----------------- $12, 120. 00 61637-ENG 1923-----20 304 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 10. SHOAL HARBOR AND COMPTON CREEK, N. J. (A8.) Location and description.-ShoalHarbor is an indentation on the south shore of, Raritan and Sandy Hook Bays at their junction, about 5 miles southwest from Sandy Hook. It is about 19 miles dis- tant frolp New York City. The harbor is not landlocked. Compton Creek is a small crooked tidal stream rising on the west side of the Navesink Highlands and flowing for 5 to 6 miles in a general north- erly direction through the meadows into Shoal Harbor. The drain- age area is about 6.5 square miles. The discharge is slight. For location see United States Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 369. Original condition.-The entrance was obstructed by a broad, flat shoal extending along the south shore of Sandy Hook Bay. The distance between deep water in the creek and the 4-foot depth in the bay was about one-half mile. The available depth across this shoal was less than 1 foot at mean low water. The creek was navi- gable for 1 mile above its mouth, where it was crossed by a railroad bridge, and about one-half mile above its mouth it is crossed by a highway bridge with a draw opening 29 feet wide; the width below this point varied from 80 to 100 feet. The available low-water depths varied from 3 to 6 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel by dredging and diking about two-thirds of a mile in length, connecting Compton Creek with the 4-foot curve in Raritan Bay, the width to be 150 feet in the bay and 75 feet in and near the mouth of the creek, the depth to be 4 feet at mean low water. The mean range of tides is 4.5 feet. Irregular fluctuations from 1 to 2 feet above or below the mean range occur in the tides during heavy easterly or westerly storms. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1890, is $64,130. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved Sep- tember 19, 1890 (S.Doc. No. 80, 48th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1884, p. 770). The latest published map is printed in House Document No. 40, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are no public terminals located on this creek. There are three privately owned wharves, two of which are open to the public on equal terms. Two of these terminals are in efficient condition and are adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of this improvement has been to render navigation in and out of the creek easier. Before im- provement it was practically impossible to bring a boat into the creek except at high water. The creek is used extensively as a harbor of refuge by small fishing craft; according to reports gathered, about 200 such boats harbor here. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging under contract dated September 11, 1922, was commenced on Septem- ber 19, '1922, and continued in progress until November 6, when the dredge was taken off the work and a request made to discontinue work until spring because of adverse weather conditions. A supple- RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 305 mental agreement was entered into on December 1, 1922, which al- lowed for suspension of work during the period December 1, 1922, to March 31, 1923. Dredging was recommenced on April 22, 1923, and continued in progress until completion on May 25. Under the contract the channel was restored to a width of 100 feet leading into and through the bend at the entrance to the creek, thence to a width of 50 feet to the upper end of the project. There were re- moved under the contract 27,349 cubic yards of mud and sand. The depth made was between 5 and 6 feet at mean low water. There was expended for maintenance during the year $15,000. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 60 per cent of the area of dredging proposed under this project has been completed. The last work done on the improvement was in 1899. No dikes have been built. The controlling depth into the creek on June 30, 1923, through the improved channel was about 4.7 feet at mean low water. The channel widths had narrowed considerably and dredging is urgently needed. The total expenditures have been $17,000 for new work and $98,138.71 for maintenance, a total of $115,138.71. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1923, will be applied to maintenance dredging by contract. Winter storms shoal this channel rapidly and maintenance is needed annually. Ex- perience shows that the greater part of this work will be required at the bend of the channel at the entrance. It is proposed to com- mence this dredging about May 1, 1924, and to complete the work and exhaust the funds before June 30, 1924. It is estimated it will take about one and half months to prosecute the work. The sum of $10,000 will be needed for maintenance dredging dur- ing the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, to place the channel in condition for the navigation season of 1925. It is estimated that about 15,000 cubic yeards will be required to be removed. It is not proposed at the present time to do new work under the project. The work herein proposed is for maintenance only of the channel dimensions previously obtained. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of 1922 consisted mainly of fish and ashes. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918..................... 19,233 $1, 624,041 1921.................... 86, 829 $854, 826 1919..................... 32,758 944,621 1922................. 77,749 2,118,799 1920... 11,666 320,746 The increase in tonnage in 1921, as compared with previous years, is due to the increased amount of fish handled, as well as to the fact that a considerable quantity of ashes was received for filling pur- poses. The tonnage of 1922 was carried in vessels loaded to drafts of 2 to 8 feet. 306 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3.67: New work-------------- --------------------------- $17, 000. 00 Maintenance -- ------------------------------------ 98, 138. 71 Net total expended---------- ------------------- --- 115, 138. 71 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 125, 138. 71 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 . .. . . . .. .. .. .. . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. Expended for new work 1 Expended for maintenance 1..... $301.86 $146.99 $14,506.08 ............... 15,000.00 Appropriated or allotted......... 5,000. 00 9,635. 90 ............ 15, 000. 00 10, 000. 00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---------------- --------- $15, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923------------------------------------------ 10, 000. 00 25, 000. 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainenance 15, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------- 1------------- 10, 000.00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project --------------------------------------- 47, 130. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance-------------------------------- 10,000. 00 11. SHREWSBURY RIVER, N. J. (A9.) Location and description.-This river is mainly a large tidal basin in the eastern part of New Jersey consisting of two bays, each having an area of about 3 square miles, and known, respectively, as the North Branch (or Navesink River), which rises near Freehold, flows east- erly, and is about 15 miles long, and the South Branch, about 7 to 8 miles long, which flows in a northerly direction; and a channel called the Main Stem, which unites the two branches near Normandie and extends northerly 21 miles to the outlet at the southeast end of Sandy Hook Bay, about 4 miles south from the point of Sandy Hook. The total drainage area is abdut 250 square miles. The discharge is not known. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 543.) Original condition.-The available mean low-water depth to Oceanic on the North Branch was 3 feet, to Sea Bright on the South Branch 2J feet, and in the Main Stem 4 feet. The minimum widths were variable, owing to the shifting nature of the sand which forms the bottom of the river and which changed position after every big storm. The bays above these points had sufficient depths and widths to accommodate light-draft navigation. The river is navigable on the North Branch to Red Bank, 8 miles from the mouth, where it is crossed by three bridges, without draws, and on the South Branch to Branchport, 9 miles from the mouth, and to Little Silver, Ocean- port, Parkers Creek, North Long Branch, and Monmouth Beach on its several arms. Previous projects.-By act of Congress, August 30, 1852, $1,500 was apropriated for and expended upon a survey to ascertain the I' Not deducting recei~ts from sales, etc.. 2 Ekclusive of avalable funds.. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 307 extent of a break through the beach between Shrewsbury River and the ocean, but no work of improvement was done. The first project for, the improvement of the Shrewsbury River was adopted by the 'river and harbor act of March 3, 1871, and a subsequent one by the act of June 3, 1979, modified in 1883 and 1887. Work under the existing project was commenced in 1919. The expenditures under previous projects have been $220,893.95 for new work and $286,- 606.05 for mraintenance, a total of $507,500. For scope of previous projects see page 1778 of Annual Report for 1915 and page 373 of Annual Report for 1918. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water 300 feet wide from the mouth to Island Beach, 1.4 miles; thence 200 feet wide to the junction of the two branches, 1 mile; thence 150 feet wide to Red Bank and Branch- port 5 and 6.4 miles in the North Branch and South Branch, re- spectively. The mean range of tides on the outer bar is 5 feet: at Highlands Bridge, 3 feet; at Sea.Bright, 1.3 feet; at Branchport, 0.86 feet; and at Oceanic, 2.5 feet. High easterly or westerly winds cause irregular tidal fluctuations from 1 to 2 feet above or below the mean range. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1923, is $146,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1912) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000 during construction and $20,000 thereafter. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 1296, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Dredging in the channel has been done at various times by the local steamboat companies. The available in- formation does not give the amount or cost of this work. Terminal facilities.-There are four publicly owned wharves on the river. There are 17 privately owned wharves used for com-, mercial purposes, many of which are open to general public use on equal terms. The terminals seem to adequately provide for the demands of existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-It appears from the reports received from the Merchants Steamboat Co. and the New York & Long Branch Steamboat Co. that freight rates have been lowered as a result of the improvement by the United States. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Sofindings were taken over the shoal areas during the fall of 1922, and specifications were advertised under date of February 1, 1923, for proposals for main- tenance dredging by contract. No reasonable proposals were re- ceived at the opening on March 2, 1923, and approval was given to do the work with the U. S. dredge De Witt Clinton, controlled and operated by the First New York District. The dredge and attendant plant arrived in the river on April 26. Considerable delay was oc- casioned through the necessity of overhauling the plant and because of advdrse weather codditions. Pumping commenced May 19, and continued in progress at the close of the year. Dredging was done at th? following bars: At the mouth below the dike approximately 24,450 cubic yards, at Highlands Bridge approximately 6,894 cubic 308 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. yards, in Reeves Channel 5,542 cubic yards, and in the Lower Cross- over 5,000 cubic yards. The total amount removed during the year was 41,886 cubic yards. The dredged material consisted of sand and was disposed of by pumping on the adjoining shores. The depth made varied between 7 and 9J feet at mean lov water. Project widths were restored where dredging was done. There was expended during the year for maintenance $4,726.89. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Work under the project is about 66 per cent completed. Project dimensions were obtained before the adoption of the existing project in the main stem, and in the lower parts of the two branches under the previous project. New work has since been done in the south branch between the steamboat wharf at Sea Bright and the upper end of the project at Branch- port. The controlling depths on July 1, 1923, were about 6 feet at mean low water. Channel widths through the bars were narrow in places. There yet remains to be done to complete the project dredging in the upper end of the north branch at the locality of the steamboat dock at Red Bank and at the locality of the highway bridge at Oceanic. There has been expended under the existing project for new work $96,304.66, for maintenance $28,218.79, a total of $124,523.45. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1923, will be applied to maintenance dredging with a Government plant op- erated by the first New York district on a daily rental basis. On July 1, 1923, there was owing to the first district for rental and operating costs to date approximately $19,926.79, leaving a balance of $14,249.76 for work, which will operate the plant about one month. It is proposed to continue this work until the funds are exhausted, which will be about July 31, 1923. The sum of $20,000 will be needed during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance dredging to restore project dimen- sions previously obtained. Winter storms shoal the channel every year at certain localities and maintenance dredging is required each spring to place the channel in a passable condition for the summer navigation season. rThese funds are to do necessary dredging in the spring or early summer of 1925. It will take about three months to prosecute the work, and the funds will be exhausted by the early fall of 1925. No complaints have been received from navigation interests about the condition of the channel in the North Branch above the locality of the Oceanic Bridge. Accordingly it is not proposed to do further new work under the project at this time. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of building material, coal, and general merchandise. Passenger traffic is important. Practically all tonnage was carried by two steamboat companies, the Patten Line in the South Branch and the Merchants Line in the North Branch. Comparative Statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendaryear, Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918........... 49, 332 $4, 288,612 186,000 1921......... 33,878 $7, 504, 436 204, 033 1919.......... 66 963 5, 034073 174,178 1922.........26,248 11,015,451 207,275 1920 .......... 4,732, 869 185,003 RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECONI3 NEW YORK, N. Y., DISTRICT. 309 The decrease in volume and increase of value of the tonnage of 1922 is due to a decrease in the amount of relatively inexpensive commodities, and an increase in the amount of higher priced com- modities handled. The tonnage of 1922 was carried in vessels usually loaded to the drafts given in the following table: Usual Per cent limit of Class of freight carried. of total loaded tonnage. draft of vessels. Feet. Building material.............................. . ................. 16.2 5-10 Coal............ .......................................... 19.4 6 General merchandise ........ ................................. 3.3 4-7 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $255.21: New work_ - __-- -- ________-____-____-_- - $317, 198. 61 Maintenance------- - 314, 824. 84 Net total expended _____-------___ ___------_ 632, 023. 45 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------666, 200. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1... $1,673.99 $49,292.36 $41,338.31 $4,000.00 ..... Expended for maintenance' .... 10, 228. 26 1,676. 34 17, 336. 56 23, 695.34 $4,726.89 Total expended 1.......... 11,902.25 50,968.70 58,674.87 27,695.34 4,726.89 Appropriated or allotted......... 110,000.00 .............. 20,000.00 10,000.00 28, 700.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------------------------- $10, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923-------------------------------------------10, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922 ------------------------------------------ 15, 000. 00 Amount transferred from South River, N. J.-------------------- 3, 700. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923----------------- 203. 44 38, 903. 44 1 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 4, 726. 89 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-------------------------- 34, 176.55 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities--------------------------34, 176. 55 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -------------------------------------- 50, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance-------------------------- ---------- 20, 000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from; sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 310 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $8,838.30: New work --------------------------------------- $1, 592, 652. 47 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 879, 690. 73 Net total expended----------- -------------------- 2, 472, 343. 20 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 2, 536, 562. 67 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1... $1,679.82 $166, 669. 13 $173, 015. 12 $4,000.00 ........ Expended for maintenance 1..... 12, 883.68 5, 544. 49 34,186. 02 63, 565. 75 $45, 025. 40 Total expended 1........... 14, 563. 50 172, 213.62 207, 201.14 67, 565.75 45, 025. 40 Appropriated or allotted........ 365,000.00 ............... 49,000.00 51,000.00 37, 500.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ------------------------ $71, 541. 43 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2 ,1923------------ -------------------- 20, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922 5,000. 00 -------------------------------- 1--------- Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919 2, 500. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923------------------ 203. 44 109, 244. 87 _ June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 45, 025.40 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--- 219. 47 6------------------------4 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------------------------ 34,176.55 July 1, 1923, balance available --- ---------------------- 30, 042. 92 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work----------- -------------------------- 215, 000. 00 For maintenance------------------------------------- 236,000. 00 Total------ ------------------------ -------------- 51, 00000 EXAMINATIONS AND SURyEY MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED MARCH 2, 1919, AND JUNE 5, 1920. Reports on preliminary examinations and survey required by the river and harbor acts of March 2, 1919, and June 5, 1920, of the fol- lowing localities within this district were duly submitted by the dis- trict engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress, but have not yet been printed: 1. Preliminary examination of Kill Van Kull and Newark Bay, N. Y. and N. J., with a view to securing a chamnel 30 feet in deptA and of suitable width up to the bridge of the Central Railroad Com- pany of New Jersey, between Elizabeth and Bayonne, including the removal of Bergen Point ledge.-Report dated March 12, 1920, was 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusivle of aailable funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT. 311 transmitted to Congress July 14, 1922. The improvement desired is already covered by recommendations previously presented, and no action by Congress on the report is considered necessary. 2. Preliminary examination and survey of Raritan River, N. J.- Reports dated February 19, 1921, and December 13, 1921, were trans- mitted to Congress November 24, 1922. The further improvement of this locality by the United States by a modification of the existing project is not deemed advisable at the present time. The local engineer was al'so charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of August 8, 1917, March 2, 1919, and September 22, 1922, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. New York Harbor: West side of upper bay from Constable Hook to Ellis Island. 2. Raritan Bay and Raritan River, N. J., with a view to securing a channel of 30 feet depth and of suitable width to deep water near the bridge of the New York and Long Branch division of the Cen- tral Railroad Co. of New Jersey. 3. Great Kills, Staten Island, N. Y. 4. Bloom field Creek, Staten Island, N. Y. 5. Fresh Kills, Staten Island, N. Y. 6. Shrewsbury River, N. J. 7. Manasquan Inlet, N. J. 8. Passaic River, N. J., above the Montclair & Greenwood Lake Railway bridge. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT. This district includes the watersheds drained by the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers, embracing a small area in southeastern New York, the eastern part of Pennsylvania, and the shore lines only of New Jersey and Delaware bordering on the Delaware River and Bay. The tributaries of the Delaware River, except the Schuylkill and those in Pennsylvania north of Philadelphia, are not included in this district. District engineers: Maj. L. E. Lyon, Corps of Engineers, to August 28, 1922; Col. Earl I. Brown, Corps of Engineers, from August 28, 1922 to March 15, 1923; and Col. F. C. Boggs, Corps of Engineers, since the latter date. Division engineers: Col. James C. Sanford, Corps of Engineers, to July 13, 1922, and Col. H. C. Newcomer, Corps of Engineers, acting to July 20, 1922, and as division engineer since that date. IMPROVEMENTS. Page. Page. 1. Delaware River, between Phil- - 4. Schuylkill River, Pa--------- 328 adelphia, Pa., and Trenton, 5. Ice harbor at Marcus Hook, N. J------------------- 312 Pa---------------------- 332 2. Delaware River, Pa., N. J., 6. Constructing pier in Delaware and Del., Philadelphia, Pa., Bay, near Lewes, Del------ 334 to the sea------------ ---- 316 7. Harbor of refuge, Delaware 3. Delaware River at Camden, Bay, Del ------ - 335 N. J------ -- 325 312 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 1. DELAWARE RIVER, BETWEEN. PHILADELPHIA, PA., AND o. TRENTON, N. J. Location and description.-The Delaware River has its source in southeastern New York, flows in a general southerly direction, form- ing the boundary line between the States of New York and New Jersey on the east, and Pennsylvania and Delaware on the west, and empties into Delaware Bay. Its total length is about 315 miles. The distance by water from Philadelphia Harbor to the harbor of refuge at the mouth of Delaware Bay is about 101 miles. The length of the bay, from the mouth of the river at Liston Point to the Atlan- tic Ocean, is about 50 miles. The distance by water from Allegheny Avenue, Philadelphia, to the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge at Tren- ton is about 30.5 miles. Tidewater extends to Trenton, N. J. The drainage area of the river is about 11,250 square miles and the average discharge above tidal influence near Trenton, N. J., varies from about 5,200 second-feet during the summer months to about 18,000 second-feet during the winter and spring months. Below Trenton the flow begins to be largely influenced by tidal action. Below Philadelphia the effect of the fresh water inflow on the regi- men of the stream is almost negligible. The discharge below Phila- delphia varies from about 245,000 second-feet at League Island to about 973,000 second-feet at Bombay Hook, in Delaware Bay, just below the lower limit of the improved channel. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 1218, 294, 295, and 296.) Original condition.-The channel was obstructed by shoals carry- ing depths of 3 to 8 feet, and between Bordentown and Trenton it was narrow and circuitous. The section of the river at Trenton, be- tween Lalor Street and the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge, was so obstructed by rocks and shoals as to be unfit for commercial naviga- tion. The head of steamboat navigation was at Lalor Street, Tren- ton, about 29.7 miles above Allegheny Avenue, Philadelphia, but the river was navigable for rafting and logging and for small boats for a distance of about 214 miles above Trenton. Previous projects. The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 10, 1872, and was modified by the acts of March 3, 1875; June 14, 1880; July 5, 1884; August 17, 1894; and March 2, 1907. The total expenditures under these projects amounted to $197,623.25. Expenditures under the existing project began in the fiscal year 1911. The section of the river at Trenton, between Lalor Street and the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge, was not included in any previous project. For further details of previous projects see page 1778 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 200 feet wide from Allegheny Avenue, Philadelphia, to the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge at Ferry Street, Trenton. The project includes the construction of dikes at Mud Island, Borden- town, and Biles Island and of a turning basin at Trenton 300 feet wide and 400 feet long. The total length of the.improvement is about 30.5 miles, and the distance from the lower end to Liston Point, the accepted point of division between Delaware River and Delaware Bay, is about 55 miles. The mean range of tide at Philadelphia is 5.3 feet and at Trenton 4.2 feet. The extreme range under ordinary con- ditions is from 0.3 to 0.5 foot greater. Freshets, which occur usually RIVERS AND HARBORS-PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT. 313 during the latter part of February or the early part of March, attain a height in the upper portion of the river of 9 to 15 feet above mean low water, with a velocity of about 6 miles per hour. Freshets which cause a rise of from 5 to 9 feet occasionally occur at other seasons of the year. Navigation is usually suspended during the winter months on account of the formation of ice in the river. The estimate of cost for new work in the section between Allegheny Avenue, Phila- delphia, and Lalor Street, Trenton, made in 1910, is $360,000, exclu- sive of amounts expended on previous projects. The estimate of cost for new .work in the section between Lalor Street and the Pennsyl- vania Railroad bridge at Trenton, revised in 1921, is $486,000, mak- ing the total estimated cost of the whole improvement $846,000. The latest (1910) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance in the section between Allegheny Avenue and Lalor Street is $20,000. The latest (1912) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance in the section between Lalor Street and the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge at Trenton is $5,000, making the total estimated annual cost of -maintenance of the improvement $25,000. The portion of the existing project applying to the section of the river between Allegheny Avenue, Philadelphia, and Lalor Street, Trenton, was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 702, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The portion applying to the section between Lalor Street and the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge at Trenton was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 839, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). By the river and harbor act of June 5, 1920, the two projects were consolidated to form a single project between Philadelphia and Trenton. A map of this improve- ment is published in the Annual Report for 1914, page 1804. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The act of July 25, 1912, adopting the project for improvement of the section between Lalor Street and the Penn- sylvania Railroad bridge at Trenton, imposes the condition that the city of Trenton shall provide substantial terminal facilities com- mensurate with the probable needs of present and prospective com- merce. To meet this condition the city of Trenton has taken steps looking to the acquisition of all water-front property abutting on the proposed channel and has prepared plans for a comprehensive scheme of municipal terminals. These plans have been partly car- ried out. 'The conditions imposed having been met, the Secretary of War gave his approval thereto on March 19, 1913. Approxi- mately 70 per cent of the water front within the city limits has been acquired by the city. The condition was also imposed that a satis- factory place for the disposal of dredged material should be pro- vided without cost to the United States. This was found to be un- necessary, as there were many deep holes in the bed of the river from sand-dredging operations which were utilized for disposal of the excavated material. Terminal facilities.-The city of Trenton has constructed a sub- stantial timber and concrete bulkhead along the established pierhead and bulkhead line at the upper end of the improvement, with a dock 200 feet wide extending inshore 250 feet. A steel shed 115 feet by 195 feet has been built on the upper side of the dock, and the dock has been dredged to a depth of 12 feet. Rail connection from-the Pennsylvania Railroad to the unloading platforms will be installed 314 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. by the city, and the street railway company has extended its tracks to the terminal. Approximately $356,000 has been expended by the city on this terminal to date. The upper wharf is leased to the Tren- ton Transportation Co., which operates a line of steamers carrying freight and passengers between Philadelphia and Trenton. The city of Trenton also owns a wharf near the lower end of the city, intended for, handling low-grade freight, and a public landing for yachts and for river traffic in all emergencies has been constructed at the foot of Lalor Street. There are 66 other wharves within the limits of the improvement, of which 1 is owned by the United States, 7 by the city of Philadel. phia, 8 by other municipalities, and 50 are privately owned. Eleven of the municipally owned wharves and 8 of the privately owned wharves are open to public use. The facilities are adequate for exist- ing commerce. (For a detailed description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has enabled barges and shallow-draft seagoing vessels to receive and discharge cargoes at several large industrial plants located on this section of the river. The line of steamers carrying freight and passengers between Phila- delphia and Trenton, which formerly used a landing near the lower end of Trenton, now uses the new municipal wharf located at the upper end of the improvement and considerably nearer the central portion of the city. While no reduction in freight rates has resulted from the improvement, it is now possible to use larger and deeper- draft vessels on this section of the river. These vessels can now run on schedule and avoid the delays incident to waiting for higher tide levels. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Bids for maintenance dredging were opened January 16, 1923.. One bid of 93 cents per cubic yard was received but was rejected as excessive. Negotiations were then commenced for the hire of plant to do the work, but at the end of the year these had not been successful. Expenditures amounted to $1,468.87, all for maintenance. Condition at the end of fiscal year.-The portion of the existing project applying to the section between Allegheny Avenue, Phila- delphia, and Lalor Street, Trenton, was completed in 1913, with the exception of the dike at the upper end of Mud Island, the construc- tion of which has been deferred for the present as its necessity has not yet been fully demonstrated. The section of the improvement be- tween Lalor Street and the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge at Trenton was completed in 1921. An examination of the shoal portions of the channel was made during May, 1923. The controlling depth up to the Municipal Dock at Trenton was about 10 feet at mean low water. Depths less than the project depth of 12 feet at mean low water were found along or near the center line of the channel as follows: Van Sciver range, 10.5 feet; Grubb range, 11.3 feet; Kinkora range, 11.3 feet; Bordentown range, 11 feet; Duck Island range, 9.8 feet (deeper water each side of center line) ; Bridge range, 7.3 feet (this shoal extends downstream from the upper limit of the improvement for a distance of about 200 feet). The minimum depth opposite the Municipal Dock at Trenton is about 11.5 feet. The head of navigation for boat traffic is the upper end of the improvement, at the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge at Trenton. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT. 315 The total amount expended under the existing project was $896,537.95, of which $792,520.05 was for new work and $104,017.90 was for maintenance. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to expend the balance of funds on hand in removing shoals that have formed at various points in the channel, inspecting of private work authorized by the department, in making periodical channel examinations, and for office expenses and contingencies during the fiscal year substantially as follows: Maintenance dredging for removal of shoals with hired plant--------_ $27, 500 Inspection and superintendence of maintenance dredging, inspection of private work, charnel examinations, office expenses,' and contin- gencies----------------- - 2, 500 Total ------------------------------- ------------- 30, 000 If suitable plant can be hired, it is proposed to do as much mainte- nance dredging during the present season as available funds will permit. The maintenance dredging done hitherto has been sufficient to remove only the most objectionable shoals from time to time, and the entire channel has never been restored to the project depth of 12 feet at mean low water. The sum of $50,000, in addition to funds now available, can be profitably expended for this purpose during the fiscal year 1925. Experience has shown that it is impossible to obtain satisfactory bids on a unit price per yard basis for maintenance dredging in this section of the river on account of the shifting nature of the shoals, the small quantity of material to be removed from any one locality, and the uncertainty as to the total quantity to be removed. No Government plant suitable for the work is available at present, and unless such plant becomes available in time, it is proposed to do the work with hired plant. It is expected that a 'suitable plant can be hired for about $16,000 per month, including operation, and that the work will require about three months to complete, leaving $2,000 available for superintendence and inspection. The actual yard- age to be removed is uncertain, but in view of past experience it is believed that it will be approximately 70,000 cubic yards. Commercial statistics.-The season of navigation on this section of the river extended from about March 1 to December 31, 1922. Car- riers operating on this section made occasional trips during the months of January and February, but the presence of ice prevented the regular passage of boats. The freight carried during the year increased 34 per cent in volume and 73 per cent in value over corresponding figures for 1921. Non- metallic minerals and metallic products showed the greatest increase. The passenger traffic increased 32 per cent over the year 1921. The principal commodities carried were sand, gravel, stone, coal, pig iron, pipe and fittings, petroleum products, and general merchan- dise. There is one regular line of light-draft steamers carrying freight and passengers between Trenton and Philadelphia and intermediate points. During 1922 this fleet consisted of four side-wheel steam- boats and two small packets. The commerce above Burlington, other than that carried in the regular line boats mentioned above, is conducted in vessels, mostly barges, drawing from 6 to 11 feet. 316 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Some three and four masted schooners drawing from 12 to 14 feet are towed as far as Burlington and Florence, N. J., for taking on iron pipe. Comparative statement. Receipts and shipments. Cargoes in transit. Year. Passen- gers. Tons. Value. Tons. Value. 1918................................... 2,536496 $47, 859,974 230, 000.. 1919...................................... 2857 937 52, 393 003 235,000 ................... 1920 .................... .............. 2,663 880 33,295 890 298 828 69,695 $2, 750, 266 1921 ..................................... 1,739244 12,323, 595 335 271 20, 976 1,643,701 1922 ..................................... 2,337,917 21,392,503 443, 721 40,182 1,125,442 Figures in the comparative statement of commerce for calendar years prior to 1920 include freight in transit, which class of commerce for these years is now impracticable of separation. Financialsummnary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $4,157.91: New work---- ----------------------------------- $990, 143. 30 Maintenance-- ------------------------------------ 104, 017. 90 Net total expended ------------------------------- , 094, 161. 20 Total appropriations to date of this report 124, 235. 75 1------------------, Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1.... $81, 025. 38 $88, 025. 93 $1, 491. 74 $25,385.41 ....... Expended for maintenance 1..... 2,659. 11 18, 055. 79 23, 031. 16 13, 2 5. 86 $1, 468. 87 Total expended 1. . . . . . . . . . 83, 684. 49 106, 081.72 24, 522. 90 38, 621.27 1,468. 87 Appropriated or allotted......... 150, 000. 00 31, 000. 00 .............. 25, 000. 00 .............. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---------------------------$31, 533. 42 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 ----------------- 10. 00 31, 543. 42 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance _ 1, 468. 87 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-----------------------------30, 074. 55 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities----- ------------------------ 130. 01 July 1, 1923, balance available ------------------------------ 29, 944. 54 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance -------------------------------- 50, 000. 00 2. DELAWARE RIVER, PA., N. J., AND DEL., PHILADELPHIA, PA., TO THE SEA. Location and description.-See page 312; also United States Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 1218, 294, and 295. Original condition.-The river was obstructed by shoals and bars carrying a minimum usable depth of 17 feet in the upper part of 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT. 317 Philadelphia Harbor, 17 feet over Mifflin Bar, 18 feet over Schooner Ledge, 18 feet over Cherry Island Flats, 24 feet over Pennsville Shoals, 20 feet at Bulkhead Bar, and 21 feet at Dan Baker Shoal, with a channel width varying from about 175 to 600 feet. The actual and natural head of navigation for steamers and other craft is at Trenton, N. J., about 30 miles above Philadelphia, and about 85 miles above the mouth of the river. The river is navigable, however, for small boats and for rafting and logging for about 214 miles above Trenton. Previous projects.-Provisions for improvement at isolated locali- ties was made by the river and harbor acts of July 4, 1836; March 3, 1873; March 3, 1875; June 18, 1878; March 3, 1879; July 5, 1884; and August 11, 1888. A comprehensive project for a 26-foot chan- nel from Philadelphia to the sea was adopted in 1885. A project for a 30-foot channel was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899. The total expended under these projects was $14,001,466.63,' of which $12,976,057.61 was for new work and $1,025,409.02 was for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1779 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel from deep water in Delaware Bay at a point about 8 miles below the mouth of (he river to Allegheny Avenue, Philadelphia, a distance of about 63 miles, having a depth of 35 feet at mean low water and a width of 800 feet in the straight parts, 1,200 feet at Bulkhead Bar Shoals, 1,000 feet at the other.bends, and 1,000 feet in Philadelphia Harbor: The project includes the construction of dikes for the better regulation and con- trol of the tidal flow. The mean range of tide at various points on the river and bay is as follows: Philadelphia, Pa., 5.3 feet; Chester, Pa., 5.5 feet; New Castle, Del., 5.7 feet; Liston Point, Del., 5.9 feet; and Lewes, Del., 4.3 feet. Under the influence of heavy and long- continued winds the range of tide occasionally varies from about 4 feet below to about 10 feet above mean low water. Observations which have been in progress by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey for a number of years, at Philadelphia, Pa., indicate that there has been a decrease in the mean tidal range of about 0.7 foot and an increase in the elevation of the mean low-water level of about 0.8 foot, as compared with the range and elevation observed at the same locality in 1878 and earlier. This change is believed to be due partly or wholly, to the introduction of regulating works in the river. Observations now in progress by this office at various other points on the river indicate a similar change at these localities. The latest (1922) estimate of cost is $15,300,000 for new work, exelusive of amounts expended under previous projects, and $1,100,- 000 annually for maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 733, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map may be found in the Annual Report for 1913, page 1746. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. In connection with previous projects for 26-foot and 30-foot channels, approximately 1 Exclusive of $124,500 expended on that part of the Delaware River between Philadel- phia and Trenton prior to adoption of existing project. and included in total expenditures reported for Delaware liver, Pa. and N. J., Philadelphia, Pa., to Trenton, N. J. 318 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 8,115,000 cubic yards of dredged material and 27,000 cubic yards of ledge rock were removed from the channel at a total cost of about $1,552,000, with funds appropriated by the State of Pennsylvania and the city of Philadelphia. Terminal facilities.-There are 354 wharves within the limits of the improvement, including those under construction. One hundred and sixty-eight are within the limits of the city of Philadelphia, Pa., 86 are along the water fronts of Camden and Gloucester, N. J., oppo- site Philadelphia, 34 are at Chester, Pa., and 65 are at other points below Philadelphia. The United States owns 44 wharves, 4 of which are open to public use. The State of Pennsylvania owns 1 wharf, used by the State quarantine service and not open to public use. Twenty-eight wharves are owned by municipalities. Of these, 8 are open to public use free of charge and 13 on payment of charges. There are 281 privately owned wharves, of which 41 are open to public use on payment of charges and 24 are open free of charge but subject to certain conditions. The city of Philadelphia is engaged in carrying out a comprehen- sive plan for enlarging and improving the terminal facilities of the port. This city owns 16 piers along its Delaware River frontage (exclusive of those above Allegheny Avenue) and has 3 others under construction. Among them are 10 modern steel and concrete piers 550 to 900 feet long, equipped with freight-handling facilities. Two piers, respectively 1,324 and 1,490 feet -long, were built by the United States Quartermaster Department during the World War for handling overseas shipments. These piers are now leased to a terminal company and are used for handling miscellaneous freight cargoes. The Navy Department has 13 piers at the Philadelphia Navy Yard and a number of bulkheads which are used for wharfage purposes. The city of Camden owns 3 piers, 2 of which are open to the public. This city has adopted plans for a terminal, including wharves, ware- houses, rail and highway connections, on water-front property owned by the city. The reconstruction of one of the municipal piers as part of this plan has been completed. Other municipally owned piers are, one at Gloucester, N. J., three at Chester, Pa., one at New Castle, Del., and one at Delaware City, Del. All are open to public use. The terminal facilities are adequate for existing commence, and with the additional facilities under construction or contemplated will provide for a great increase in the amount of commerce which can be handled on this improvement. (For a detailed description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Anchorage areas at the port of Philadelphia, with the acreage and depth in each area, are as follows: 1. Opposite Port Richmond, Pa., coal piers in the upper part of Philadelphia Harbor, to the eastward of the main ship channel; 200 acres, depth 12 to 28 feet. 2. Opposite Greenwich Point, in the lower part of Philadelphia Harbor, to the eastward of the main ship channel; 232 acres, depth 15 to 40 feet. 3. Opposite Philadelphia Navy Yard, to the westward of the main ship channel; 77 acres, depth 22 to 34 feet. 4. Opposite Fort Mifflin, Pa., to the westward of the main ship channel; 63 acres, depth 18 to 30 feet. 5. Opposite Marcus Hook, Pa., to the eastward of the main ship channel; 225 acres, depth 20 to 30 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS--PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT. 319 Jurisdiction over these anchorage areas is exercised by local authorities. Effect of improvement.-The work of improvement thus far com- pleted has greatly facilitated the movements of deep-draft vessels, and has resulted in a marked increase in the size and draft of vessels utilizing the port of Philadelphia. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Original dredging to 35 feet at mean low water was in progress under four contracts, three on Liston range and one on Bellevue and Cherry Island ranges. The quantity of material removed was approximately 4,562,073 cubic yards, scow measurement. The work done during the year resulted in the completion to project dimensions of approximately 3.14 miles of channel. Expenditures for this item amounted to $738,510.70. Original dredging to 35 feet at mean low water with the U. S. dredge Corozal and attendant plant was in progress on Baker range, and resulted in the completion to project dimensions of approxi- mately 1.6 miles of channel during the year. The quantity of mate- rial removed by the Corozal was approximately 1,442,970 cubic yards, scow measurement, of which 446,063 cubic yards were deposited in the basin at Artificial Island to be pumped ashore, and 996,907 cubic yards were deposited in shoal water without rehandling. Expendi- tures for this item, including annual overhaul and repair of plant, and lease of a gasoline tender for the Corozal during the season of 1922 were $303,037.49. Maintenance dredging with the U. S. dredges Delaware and Man- hattan and attendant plant was in progress throughout the year ex- cept during the winter lay-up. The Manhattan was loaned to the Wilmington (Del.) district during the period between February 28 and April 1, 1923. The total quantity of material removed from the Delaware River by both dredges was 5,217,858 cubic yards, bin meas- urement, of which 2,588,960 cubic yards were deposited for rehan- dling at the Artificial Island basin and 2,628,898 cubic yards at the Pedricktown basin. A usable depth of 30 feet or more at mean low water over the entire length of the channel was maintained virtually throughout the year. The amount expended on maintenance dredg- ing, including annual overhaul and repair of plant, was $549,696.35. The 20-inch pipe line dredge General Gillespie, which was pur- chased from the first New York district, was operated as a rehandling machine at Artificial Island, after completion of preliminary over- haul and repair. Expenditures in connection with placing the dredge in commission, including the purchase price ($100,000) amounted to $123,610.91. The sea-going suction dredge New Orleans was transferred to this district from the New Orleans district without adjustment of funds, and will be used in maintenance dredging. Expenditures in connec- tion with the transfer of the dredge and its general overhauling, which was in progress at the end of the year, amounted to $51,760.54. Additional plant acquired during the year included the tugboat Lieut. Franz Schilling, purchased from the quartermaster depart- ment, Newport, R. I., the tug San Luis, transferred from the Porto Rico district, and 1 steel water scow, 4 steel bottom-dump scows, and additional pontoons and pipe line furnished under contract. Con- tract was in force at the end of the year for furnishing and deliver- 61637-ENG 1923--21 320 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. AR1V Y, 1923. ing one steel oil barge. Bids were received June 22, 1923, for con- structing and delivering two 50-foot steel motor tugs for this dis- trict and two for other districts. Expenditures in connection with these items amounted to $222,722.96. Maintenance and repair of the smaller items of floating plant, in- cluding tugs, launches, scows, oil barge, pile driver, derrick boats, etc., involved an expenditure of $17,982.52. Maintenance dredging under contract to a depth of 20 feet at mean low water adjacent to the wharves at the Fort Mifflin reservation, in- volving the removal of 58,579 cubic yards of material, was completed during the year. Amount expended for this item, $17,220.63. The construction of a new sluice and repairs to the banks at the Pedricktown Basin were completed under contract. Amount ex- pended for this item, $4,705.43.. Contracts were entered into for original dredging to 35 feet at mean low water in Philadelphia Harbor between Christian Street and Chestnut Street, and for maintenance dredging to 30 feet at mean low water in Philadelphia Harbor at Port Richmond. Work under these contracts had not been commenced at the end of the year. A working model of the Delaware River, from Trenton to the Capes, was completed and put in operation in experiments in connec- tion with a study of river conditions. Recording tide gauges were in operation at various points on the river for the same purpose. The expenditures for these items amounted to $6,526.93. Preparatory to continuing dike work under the project, studies were in progress to determine the most suitable type of structure for the extension of the Edgemoor Dike. Detail plans are not yet com- pleted. Amount expended under this item, $1,644.10. Contracts were entered into and completed for furnishing canvas and manufacturing it into dredging sleeves for distribution to all districts. Expenditures in connection with this item amounted to $6,439.44. Miscellaneous work done during the year by Government plant and hired labor included repairs to the plank roads and wharves at Fort Mifflin and general care of the reservation, repairs to the banks and pipe-line trestles at Artificial Island and construction of new pipe lines and trestles at the Pedricktown Basin. The amount expended for these items was $27,117.60. Expenditures for engineering and contingencies, superintendence and inspection, office expenses, surveys, care of property and mis- cellaneous items amounted to $73,222.06. The total amount expended during the year was $2,144,197.66, of which $1,239,746.74 was for new work and $904,450.92 for main- tenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Based on a comparison between the estimated cost of the project and the amount that had been ex- pended on the work, the existing project was approximately 60 per cent completed. Of the 63 miles of channel covered by the improve- ment, there had been completed to project dimensions a length of approximately 56.7 miles (including sections where a natural depth of 35 feet or more exists), extending from a point opposite Christian Street, Philadelphia, to a point on Liston range about 3 miles below Liston Point, Del., except as follows: There are a few small areas of ledge rock above grade in the west half of the channel near RIVERS AND HARBORS-PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT. 321 Chester, Pa., a small area on the outside of the bend opposite Chester not yet dredged to full project width, a length of about 1.5 miles opposite Wilmington, Del., where dredging is in progress, and a length of about 1.4 miles at the upper end of Liston range, where dredging has not yet been commenced. A length of 2,000 feet in the upper part of Philadelphia Harbor, opposite Port Richmond, has been dredged to full dimensions, and a section 2,000 feet long one- half mile below this, including Mameluke Rock, has been partially covered by drilling, blasting, and dredging operations. There were a number of isolated shoals in this area, but the greater part of the westerly 400 feet of the channel has been dredged to full project depth and there was a clear channel past Mameluke Rock approxi- mately 250 feet wide, with a minimum depth of 30 feet at mean low water. Dredging is in progress on Liston range below the com- pleted portion of the channel. Considerable shoaling had occurred in the portions of the channel which had been completed to project dimensions, but a usable channel with a controlling depth of approxi- mately 30 feet at mean low water extended from Philadelphia to the sea. The dikes at Chester Island, Old Man Point, and the lower end of Artificial Island, with a total length of 8,460 feet, were completed. The topping off of the old Reedy Island Dike, 6,528 feet long, and the extension of this dike downstream for a length of 5,850 feet, were completed. The extension of the dike at Mifflin Bar downstream to a point about 5,339 feet below its former terminus was completed. Some preliminary work on the extension of Edgemoor Bulkhead had been done, approximately 549,710 cubic yards of heavy dredged mate- rial and blasted rock having been deposited at this locality as rein- forcement for the old timber bulkhead and to form an embankment in extension of the same. Studies were in progress at the end of the year to determine the most suitable type of structure for the exten- sion of this bulkhead, but a definite design had not been adopted. The total quantity of soft material removed under contracts for channel dredging and by Government plant was approximately 46,- 181,979 cubic yards. The total quantity of material removed under contracts providing for the excavation of ledge rock was 23,909 cubic yards of rock and 89,300 cubic yards of other material. In addition, approximately 50,386 cubic yards of ledge rock had been drilled and blasted but not dredged (Mameluke Rock). About 83 per cent of all the areas of ledge rock had been covered by drill- ing and blasting operations, but additional drilling and blasting will be required in portions of the areas worked over. The total quantity of stone placed in dikes was approximately 691,144 tons, which completed about 56 per cent of the dike work contemplated by the project. There still remains to be done, to complete all the work contem- plated by the project, approximately 10,000,000 cubic yards of dredging, 90,000 cubic yards of rock excavation (including rock already drilled and blasted), the completion of the extension of Edgemoor Bulkhead and the construction of dikes at Round Island and at the upper end of Artificial Island. The total amount ex- pended under the existing project was $17,267,496.27, of which $9,- 316,059.38 was for new work and $7,951,436.89 was for mainte- nance. 322 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended balance of funds on hand approximately as follows: New work: For original channel dredging in Philadelphia Harbor, and on Bellevue, Cherry Island and Liston Lighthouse ranges, under uncompleted contracts_-____ $1, 430,000 Continuing dike construction under contract to be entered into ------------------------------------------------ 635, 000 2, 065, 000 Maintenance: Operation and care of seagoing suction dredges Delaware and Manhattan, rehandling machine Cataract, and attendant plant to June 30, 1924------------------------------- 600, 000 Operation and care of bucket ladder dredge Corozal, rehan- dling dredge Gillespie, and attendant plant to June 30, 1924__ 500, 000 Operation and care of seagoing suction dredge New Orleans to June 30, 1924---------------- ----------------- - 220, 000 Repairs to above plant (season 1923-24) -------------------- 229, 000 Repairs to depositing basin at Artificial Island (contract)_ 64, 200 Two dredge tenders at $30,000 each-- ------------ 60, 000 Construction of oil barge (contract) ---------------- 21, 900 Tidal studies and operation of recording tide gauges 30, 000 Engineering, superintendence, and inspection, office expenses, contingences, etc. -------------------------------------- 75, 000 Outstanding liabilities ----------- 164, 400 Total for maintenance___--- -------- ___------__ 1,964, 500 Total for new work and maintenance-__--------------- 4, 029, 500 The dredging on Bellevue and Cherry Island ranges will prob- ably be completed by September 30, 1923. Dredging. on the upper sections of Liston range will be completed about the end of the working season of 1923. Dredging on the lower sections of Liston range will probably be completed about August 1, 1924. Dredg- ing in Philadelphia Harbor, opposite Port Richmond, will prob- ably be completed by the end of the working season of 1923. The dredging between Christian Street and Chestnut Street will proba- bly be commenced late in the working season of 1923, and if weather conditions permit work in the harbor during the winter, will prob- ably be completed about May 1, 1924. The dike construction contemplated is the extension of the dike at Edgemoor, Del. Studies are in progress to determine the most suitable type of construction and it is expected that work will be commenced during the season of 1923 and completed, as far as the available funds will permit, about the end of the season of 1924. Maintenance dredging is in progress with the Government plant described above and will be continued throughout the year except during the winter period, when the annual repairs will be made. Contracts will be entered into as soon as practicable for two dredge tenders and it is expected that these will be completed before the beginning of the working season of 1924. A study of the Delaware River, including the construction and operation of a working model of the river and the operation of recording tide gauges, is in progress and will be continued. The sum of $2,725,000, in additioh to funds now available, can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925, as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-PHILADELPHIA, PA', DISTRICT. 323 New work: Continuing dike construction under project ....- $300, 000 Continuing improvement by dredging in Philadelphia Harbor_ 750, 000 Dredging and rock removal on Tinicum, Marcus Hook, and Ches- ter ranges ------------------------------------------- 200, 000 Total for new work ---------------------------------- 1, 250, 000 Maintenance: Operation and care of seagoing suction dredges Delaware and Manhattan,rehandling dredge Cataract,and attendant plant__ 600, 000 Operation and care of rehandling dredge Gillespie and attendant plant ----------------------------------------------- 150, 000 Operation and care of seagoing suction dredge New Orleans 220, 000 ---- Repairs to above plant (season 1924-25) --------------------- 180, 000 Construction of additional wharf and bulkhead at Fort Mifflin___ 210, 000 Construction of additional warehouse at Fort Mifflin----------- 30, 000 Tidal studies and operation of recording tide gauges----------- 10, 000 Engineering, superintendence and inspection, office expenses, con- tingencies, etc ----------------- 75, 000 _----------_ Total for maintenance --------------------------- 1, 475,000 Total for new work and maintenance- ----------------- 2, 725, 000 Commercial statistics.-This section of the river is open to navi- gation throughout the year. The following tabular list shows the ordinary loaded draft of vessels navigating this section: Trans- Local and Trans- Local and Character of vessels. oceanic coastwise Character of vessels. oceanic coastwise draft. draft. draft. draft. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. Army transportation.... 30 ............. Iron and steel carriers..... 26-30 .. Barges. ....... .......... ........... 6-20 Lumber carriers-...... ............ 9-18) Battleships .............. 26-31 ............. Oil carriers............... 26-31 22-29 Coal carriers ............. 21-29 14-23 Ore carriers......... ...... 24-31 ...... General cargo carriers..... 27-30 18-24 River steamers....................... 6-11 Grain carriers............ 24-28 ............. Sugar carriers............. 18-26 .......... The principal commodities carried were as follows: Imports: Bananas, bones, dyewoods, expressed oils and oil seeds, fibers, hides and skins, licorice root, metallic ores, molasses, paper stock, petroleum, wood pulp, wool and manufactures of, salt, and soda. Exports: Chemicals, coal and coke, breadstuffs (including corn, hominy and grits, oats, rye, wheat and wheat flour), iron and steel, fodders and feeds, machinery, petroleum products, and refined sugar. Coastwise receipts: Canned goods, dry goods, general merchandise, coal, lumber, mine props and ties, pulpwood, phosphate rock, petro- leum, rosin, sulphur, soda, and wool. Coastwise shipments: Canned goods, coal and coke, iron and steel products, petroleum, refined sugar, wool, and general merchandise. Other domestic: Building materials, coal, chalk, chemicals, grain, petroleum products, pig iron, sugar, and sulphur. There are 85 regular steamship lines trading at the port of Phila- delphia, 17 of which are engaged in coastwise and other domestic traffic. Statistics for the calendar year show a tendency to recover from the general business depression existent in 1921. The total volume of 324 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. commerce was 18,976,909 tons, valued at $897,586,613, an increase of 21 per cent in volume and 33 per cent in value over the previous year. The draft of vessels navigating the Delaware River is limited only by the depth of the existing channel. With the completion of the 35-foot channel it is known that many vessels drawing 31 to 35 feet will make Philadelphia a regular port of call. Year. Tons. I Value. Passengers. IRevenue col- lected. 1918.................................... 24,967,446 $2,726,118,519 3, 349,286 $16, 610, 733 1919.................................. 23, 895,976 2,448,773, 822 3, 390,014 20, 019,617 1920 1............ ........... 23, 947, 248 1, 362, 650,056 1,623, 146 22, 304,097 19211 ..................... ........ 15,612,616 672, 335, 075 2, 358,192 525,458 1922 1...8....................... 18, 976, 909 897, 586, 613 1,935, 797 45,436, 542 1 Exclusive of the following traffic. Car-ferry and other across-river Cargoes in transit. traffic. Cargoes in transit. Year. Tons. Value. Tons. Value. 1920.................................. 3,021,982 $1, 083, 729,652 1,623, 797 $42, 014,703 1921................................. 2, 057, 892 504, 468, 658 2,124,110 27,824, 983 1922..... ....... ........... 3, 749,889 712, 411,591 3,194, 802 121, 775,430 Figures in the comparative statement of commerce for calendar years prior to 1920, include car-ferry and other across-river traffic, and freight in transit, which classes of commerce for these years are now impracticable of separation. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $88,595.73: New work__----_----------------------------- $22, 292, 116. 99 Maintenance-- ------------------------------------ 8, 976, 845. 91 Net total expended ------------------------------- 31, 268, 962. 90 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------- 35, 298, 521. 24 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1....... $159,687.45 $798, 778. 18 $1,242,109.25 $783, 623.71 $1, 239,746. 74 Expended for maintenance 1..... 663, 220. 16 1, 477, 029. 25 1, 162, 813. 16 923,129. 79 904, 450. 92 Total expended 1.......... 822, 907.61 2, 275, 807. 43 2, 404, 922.41 1, 706, 753.50 2,144,197.66 2, 250, 000. 00 Appropriated or allotted......... 1, 000, 731.62 1,831, 298.84 3, 000,000. 00 2, 005,898.58 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------ $4, 154, 094. 19 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923 ---------------------------------- 2, 000, 000. 00 Amount transferred from appropriation "Constructing pier in Delaware Bay, near Lewes, Del."-------------------------- 5, 898. 58 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 13, 763. 23 6, 173, 756. 00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT. 325 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year. For new work __ __---------------- -$1, 239, 746. 74 For maintenance------------------------ 904, 450. 92 $2, 144, 191. 66 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended__------------------------___4, 029, 558. 34 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------------- 164, 383. 50 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts------__------------------------ 1, 516,190. 61 * 1, 680, 574. 11 July 1, 1923, balance available ---------------------------- 2, 348, 984. 23 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---------- ------------------------- 24, 190, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work ------------------------------------1, 250, 000. 00 For maintenance --------------------------- '1,475,000.00 Total---------------------------------- ------- 2, 725, 000. 00 3. DELAWARE RIVER, AT CAMDEN, N. J. Location and description.-Camden, N. J., is located on the east bank of the Delaware River, directly opposite the city of Philadel- phia, Pa. It is about 55 miles above the mouth of the river and about 101 miles above the harbor of refuge at the mouth of Dela- ware Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 295.) Originalcondition.-Due to its position on the inside of a bend in the river, the water in front of the upper portion of Camden, in the vicinity of Cooper Point, was shoal for a considerable distance from the shore, with depths as low as 6 feet on the present established pierhead line. Along the lower portion, just above Newton Creek, where the river bends in the opposite direction, natural depths of 35 feet or more existed close to the pierhead line. Previous projects.-The project adopted June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 733, 61st Cong., 2d sess.), for a 35-foot channel between Phila- delphia and the sea, provided for improvement along the Camden water front to the extent of dredging to a depth of 15 feet where such depth does not already exist, with a uniform slope to the eastern edge of the 35-foot channel. No work was done on this portion of the project. Existing project.-This provides for dredging in front of Camden to a depth of 18 feet at mean low water from that depth north of Cooper Point to Kaighn Point Ferry, and 30 feet from the latter point to Newton Creek, these depths to extend from the projected 35-foot channel in the Delaware River to a line parallel with and 50 feet distant from the established pierhead line. The distance from Cooper Point to Kaighn Point Ferry is about 2.4 miles, and from Kaighn Point Ferry to Newton Creek is about 1.67 miles. The mean range of tide is 5.3 feet, and the extreme range under the influence of heavy and long-continued winds is from about 4 feet below to about 10 feet above mean low water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1921, is $186,080. No estimate has been made for maintenance. SNot deducting receipts from sales, etc. SExclusive of available funds. 326 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. T he existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 1120, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Lecommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, requires local interests to contribute $15,000 toward the improvement. On May 16, 1921, this sum was received from the city of Camden, N. J., and deposited in the United States Treasury. Terminal facilities.-There are 56 wharves within the limits of this improvement. Two are owned by the city of Camden, both open to the public. One of these has been reconstructed on modern lines as part of the city's plans for a terminal, including wharves, warehouses, rail and highway connections, on water-front property owned by the city. The remaining 54 are privately owned; one of these is open to public use. The wharves on this portion of the Cam- den water front are included in those described under the project for improving Delaware River, from Philadelphia to the sea. (For a detailed description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The completion of the lower section to a depth of 30 feet at mean low water and the completion of a portion of the upper section to a depth of 18 feet at mean low water have materially facilitated the movements of vessels in these portions of the river. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging to the project depth of 18 feet at mean low water was continued in the upper section between Kaighn Point and Cooper Point, and approxi- mately 78,643 cubic yards were removed during the year from this section. A contract was entered into for dredging to 30 feet at mean low water in the lower section, from Newton Creek to about 400 feet below Kaighn Point. Work was commenced September 12, 1922, and completed April 4, 1923. The amount removed from this section was 290,425 cubic yards. Expenditures during the year amounted to $138,855.13, all for new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was about 80 per cent completed. Approximately 154,264 cubic yards have been removed from the upper section and 290,425 cubic yards from the lower sec- tion, making a total of 444,689 cubic yards removed under the project. Dredging to 30 feet at mean low water was completed in the lower section, from Newton Creek to about 400 feet below Kaighn Point, a distance of about 1.6 miles, and dredging to 18 feet was completed in the lower 10,000 feet of the upper section, from Kaighn Point to Cooper Point. The work remaining to be done to complete the project includes dredging the upper 400 feet of the lower section to 30 feet at mean low water (about 43,000 cubic yards), and dredging the upper 800 feet of the upper section to 18 feet at mean low water (about 62,000 cubic yards). The total amount expended under the existing project was $148,607.86, all for new work. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1923, in continuing dredging under the bxisting con- tract, which is expected to be completed during the summer of 1923. This will complete all new work contemplated by the project. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT. 327 It is believed that the unexpended funds will be barely sufficient to complete the original dredging, leaving little or nothing for main- tenance of the improvement. While it is to be expected that main- tenance dredging will be required at some time, no data are available on which to base an accurate estimate of the rate at which shoaling will occur. No funds for expenditure during the fiscal year 1925 are requested, as it is believed that maintenance work can be de- ferred until the following year, by which time a determination of the approximate amount of dredging required will be possible. Commercial statistics.-Commerce for this section of the river is included in the report for Delaware River, Philadelphia, Pa., to the sea. Financialsummary. UNITED STATES FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $12.75: New work-- --------------------------------------- $148, 607. 86 Maintenance--------------------------- Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 171, 080. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1....... ............... $166. 74 $213.87 $9,384.87 $138, 855. 13 Expended for maintenance ............... .............. .......... ........... . Appropriated or allotted......... 71, 080.00 ............. 100,000.00 ........... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended- --- _------.----------$161, 326.27 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923_ -------- __ - 1. 00 161, 327. 27 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work 138, 855. 13 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended 22, 472. 14 - __________-___--____ July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities----------------- $313, 44 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts-_ 22, 158. 70 22, 472. 14 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work------- Maintenance Net total expended-------------------------------- Total contributions to date of this report ------------------- 15, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work..................................-........................ Expended for maintenance..... ............. .... ......... . .. ........ .................... . Contributed...................... ................. $15, 000.00 ........ ............. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended _-__-------------------- $15, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------------------- 15, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts ------- 15, 000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 328 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR DELAWARE RIVER AT CAMDEN, N. J. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $12.75: New work----------------------------------------$148, 607. 86 Maintenance-........ Total appropriations and contributions to date of this report_.. 186, 080. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ .......... $166. 74 $213.87 $9, 384.87 $138, 855.13 Expended for maintenance..... ................... ..................................... Appropriated, allotted, or con- tributed................... $71,080.00 .............. 15,000.00 100,000.00 ............. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended_________________ ____-_ $176, 326. 27 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 --------- 1. 00 176, 327. 27 1 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work 138, 855.13 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended________-__ 37, 472. 14 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities_________________ $313. 44 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts 37, 158. 70 37, 472. 14 4. SCHUYLKILL RIVER, PA. Location and description.-The Schuylkill River has its sources in Schuylkill County, Pa., flows in a general southeasterly direction, and empties into the Delaware River at Philadelphia, Pa. Its total length is about 130 miles. The distance from Allegheny Avenue, Philadelphia, to the mouth of the Schuylkill River, measured along the Delaware River channel, is about 11 miles, and the distance from the mouth of Schuylkill River to the mouth of Delaware River, at Liston Point, Del., is about 44 miles. The drainage area of the Schuylkill River is about 1,920 square miles and its discharge varies from about 1,200 to 7,000 second-feet. Tidewater extends to Fair- mount Dam, about 8.6 miles above the mouth. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 295.) Original condition.-The ruling depth of the section under im- provement was about 16 feet at mean low water, except at the mouth, which was obstructed by a bar having a depth of about 10 feet. The head of navigation was approximately at the site of Fairmount Dam, which is the present head of navigation. The river above this point was canalized by private interests and made navigable for canal boats as far as Port Clinton, 98 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The improvement of this section of the river was begun under project adopted July 11, 1870, providing for a channel 100 feet wide and 20 feet deep at mean low water from the mouth to Gibsons Point, thence 18 feet deep to Chestnut Street Bridge. This project was modified in 1875 to provide a channel 24 feet deep and 300 feet wide between the mouth and Girard Point. A further modification of the project in 1883 provided for increasing 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT. 329 the width of the 24-foot channel between the mouth and Girard Point to 400 feet and for increasing the width of the 20-foot channel from Girard Point to Gibsons Point to 250 feet, except at Yankee Point, where a width of 300 feet was provided. A modification of the project approved April 26, 1892, provided for the construction of earthen and pile dikes at the mouth of the river. The total amount expended by the United States on previous projects was $525,000. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 35 feet deep at mean low water and 400 feet wide from Delaware River channel to Girard Point, thence 30 feet deep and 400 feet wide to Twenty-ninth Street, thence 30 feet deep and 300 feet wide to Passyunk Avenue Bridge, thence 26 feet deep and 200 feet wide to Gibsons Point, and thence 22 feet deep and 200 feet wide to Cleveland Avenue, suitably widened at bends; provided that no depth in excess of 30 feet at mean low water shall be provided or maintained in the lower section of the river, from the mouth to Girard Point, until such greater depth has been secured in the main Delaware River channel from Philadelphia to the sea. The length of the section included in the project is about 6.5 miles, the lower end being at the mouth of the river. The mean range of tide at Penrose Ferry Bridge is 5.1 feet. The mean range of tide at Chestnut Street is 5.2 feet. Freshets occur several times during each year and in connection with heavy and long-continued winds have been known to raise the water surface as much as 12 feet above mean low tide. The currents produced by tides and freshets occasionally attain a velocity of 6 miles per hour; the normal maximum velocity being about 2 miles per hour. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1916 is $1,649,173, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $45,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917. (H. Doc. No. 1270, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The existing project imposes the condition that the city of Philadelphia or the State of Pennsylvania shall maintain the improved channel until the city's projected sewage- treatment works shall have been completed and placed in operation. Maintenance dredging by the city of Philadelphia was commenced January 3, 1922, and was in progress until April 24, 1922, approxi- mately 312,500 cubic yards being removed at a cost of $100,000. Maintenance dredging was resumed by the city on June 1, 1923, and was in progress at the end of the year. Between 1895 and 1899 the city was engaged in improving the channel under authority of War Department permits, and since 1901, when work was discontinued by the United States on account of exhaustion of funds, until the adoption of the existing project, the entire work of deepening and maintaining the channel was done by the city. Between 1895 and June 30, 1917, the city had removed approximately 3,066,000 cubic yards of material, including a small quantity of ledge rock, from the channel at a 'cost of about $915,000. The city has completed the construction of a concrete bulkhead 1,186 feet long in front of city property on the west side of the river below Penrose Ferry Bridge, 330 REP(RT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. at a cost of approximately $365,000. The city has also adopted a project for bulkheading the entire unimproved frontage on both sides of the river below Fairmount Dam, an aggregate length of about 10.5 miles, at an originally estimated cost of $750,000. This work is approximately 20 per cent completed. On account of greatly increased costs since the original estimate was made, the continuation of this work has been deferred for the present. Terminal facilities.-There are 51 wharves in use between the mouth of the river and Fairmount Dam. Most of these are bulk- heads parallel to the direction of the stream. Five are owned by the city of Philadelphia, but none of these are open to public use, being either reserved for the use of the city or leased to private concerns. The city also owns a number of short lengths of bulkhead at street ends which are occasionally used as landing places. The United States owns one bulkhead, not used as a landing place at present. The remaining wharves are privately owned, three of them being open to public use on payment of charges. These are at Girard Point, about three-fourths of a mile above the mouth, and constitute the only terminal of a public character on this improvement. The facilities here include, besides general warehouses, two grain ele- vators, two,ore unloaders, and other cargo-handling facilities. This terminal is owned by the Pennsylvania Railroad Co., and is con- nected with its tracks. There are also approximately 16 privately owned wharves which are not in use at present. The terminal facilities are adequate for existing and immediately prospective commerce. (For a detailed description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work done so far under the existing project has resulted in providing a channel 30 feet deep and 400 feet wide between the mouth of the river and the entrance to the reserve basin at the Philadelphia Navy Yard, greatly facilitating the move- ments of naval vessels. The work above the navy yard has made it easier for large vessels to reach the oil refineries and other industries located at various points on the river. Vessels are no longer com- pelled to anchor in the Delaware River to await the higher tides to enable them to enter and ascend the Schuylkill River. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Work under contract for removal of rock shoals from the 26-foot channel, in section 4. and from the 22-foot channel, in section 5, was completed July 26, 1922. Approximately 1,478 cubic yards, scow measurement, of ledge rock and overlying soft material were removed during the year. The total quantities of material removed under the contract, includ- ing allowable overdepth, were 9,511.5 cubic yards, place measurement, of ledge rock and 6,655 cubic yards, scow measurement, of other material. A survey to determine the extent of rock shoals yet to be removed in sections 4 and 5 was in progress from April 28 to June 9, 1923. Expenditures during the year amounted to $49,304.72, all for new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was approximately 88 per cent completed. The total quantities of material removed RIVERS AND HARBORS-PHIIADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT. 331 under the project were 9,511.5 cubic yards, place measurement, of ledge rock and 4,044,868 cubic yards, scow measurement, of other material. The entire length of the improvement is completed except for the removal of a few remaining rock shoals in sections 4 and 5, for which no contract is in force, and the deepening to 35 feet at mean low water between the mouth and Girard Point involving ap- proximately 540,000 cubic yards of dredging, which under the law adopting the project must be deferred until the completion of the 35-foot channel in the Delaware River. An examination of the entire length of the channel, made in No- vember and December, 1922, and soundings made in connection with the rock survey completed in June, 1923, show controlling depth at mean low water approximately as follows: Delaware River channel to Passyunk Avenue, 27 feet; Passyunk Avenue to Gibson's Point, 19 feet; Gibbon's Point to Cleveland Avenue, 15 feet. Maintenance dredging by the city of Philadelphia was in progress at the end of the year between Passyunk Avenue and Gibson's Point. Total expenditures under the existing project amounted to $1,447,869.75, all for new work. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply as much as is nec- essary of the unexpended balance in the removal of a few isolated rock shoals which were not included in the recently completed con- tract. It is proposed to enter into contract as soon as practicable, after advertising in the usual manner, and to do the work during the season of 1923. The estimated cost of the work is as follows: Ledge rock now above grade to be removed to 1 foot below project depth, 135 cubic yards, at $40-------------------------------- $5, 400 Ledge rock, 2 foot allowable undercut, 235 cubic yards, at $20----------4, 700 Other material, including 1 foot allowable undercut, 1,970 cubic yards, at $1 __--------------------------------------------------- 1, 970' Superintendence and inspection -------------------- 1, 230 13, 300 The remainder of the unexpended funds will be applied to chan- nel examinations from time to time and to the future deepening of the channel below Girard Point. As this deepening must be deferred until the completion of the 35-foot channel in Delaware River, no additional funds are requested for expenditures during the fiscal year 1925. Commercial statistics.-The river was open to navigation through- out the year. Commercial movements on the river during 1922 show an.increase of 27 per cent in volume due principally to increased movements of grain, and an increase of 36 per cent in value as com- pared with 1921. The principal items of freight carried were as follows: Foreign: Grain, petroleum, and ores. Coastwise: Coal, chemicals, lumber, and petroleum. Other domestic: Chemicals, cinders, coal, garbage, petroleum, sand, gravel, stone, and sulphur. The foreign and coastwise trade was carried in vessels drawing from 16 to 30 feet. The bulk of the local and other domestic commerce was handled in barges, etc., drawing from 6 to 18 feet. 332 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, J. S. ARMY, 1923. Comparative statement. Year. Tons. Value. Year.' Tons. Value 1918..................... 3,963,811 $130,121,455 1921................... 6,049,758 $121,090,467 1919..................... 4782443 173,571,219 1922..................... 7,673,596 165,054,799 1920............... . . 5, 073, 239 179, 433,066 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $54.85: New work--------------------------------------------- $1,972, 869. 75 Maintenance----------------------------- Total appropriations to date of this report----------------- $2, 000, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ $390, 549.81 $804, 325.89 $116, 601.90 $85,592.38 $49, 304.72 Expended for maintenance........................... ......................... Appropriated or allotted........ 1, 300.000.00 ............................. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-------------------------- $76, 427. 32 Receipts from sales, etc., duiing fiscal year 1923----------------- 7. 65 76, 434. 97 1 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work 49, 304. 72 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended- -------------------------- 27, 130. 25 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities----------------------------- 256. 92 July 1, 1923, balance available ------------------------------ 26, 873. 33 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------------------------------ 174, 000. 00 5. ICE HARBOR AT MARCUS HOOK, PA. Location and description.-This harbor is situate in the Delaware River at the town of Marcus Hook, Pa. It is about 20 miles down- stream from Philadelphia, Pa., about 35 miles from the head of Delaware Bay, into which the Delaware River empties, and about 81 miles from the Atlantic Ocean at Cape Henlopen, Del. The harbor is about 1,500 feet long by 290 feet wide and embraces an area of about 10 acres. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 295.) Original condition.-In its original condition the Delaware River at this locality afforded no shelter whatever to vessels from the dan- gers occasioned by floating ice. Previous projects.-The acts of March 2, 1829, and June 23, 1866, each appropriated the sum of $5,000 for repairs to the old piers, wharves, and landings. The amount appropriated ($10,000) was expended for the purpose intended. Existing project.-The existing project was adopted March 2, 1867, and was based upon a plan for the construction of four detached ice 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT. 333 piers to provide an anchorage ground and to protect shipping against moving ice. In 1880 the project was enlarged to include the con- struction of two additional ice piers, and again modified in 1881 to include another ice pier. The project was modified further in 1888 to provide for dredging within the harbor limits to depths of 24, 18, and 12 feet at mean low water and for repairing the wharves and ice piers. The acts of Congress appropriating funds for Marcus Hook Ice Harbor do not indicate clearly that any definite plan of improvement is to be followed. The general plan or project for improvement appears to have developed with the demands of com- merce for safe anchorage grounds at this locality. The mean tidal range is about 5.5 feet. (For latest published map of locality, see Annual Report for 1902, opposite p. 1046.) Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-In 1785 the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania built two wharves upon crib piers extending from the shore line into the river. These piers were ceded to the United States in 1789, to- gether with other aids to navigation located in the Delaware River. Terminal facilities.-There are two Government piers in the har- bor, one of which is open to the public under regulations prescribed April 29, 1904, and is used as a place of landing by a line of steamers plying between Philadelphia, Pa., and Wilmington, Del., and occa- sionally by other vessels. There are no railroad connections with the piers. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement provides an ice harbor of about 10 acres, and provides a satisfactory shelter for all classes of vessels whose draft is not too great to enter it. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1889, at a cost of $198,963.64. Since 1889 the ice piers and wharves have been repaired at various times at a cost of $11,636.36, making a total expenditure of $210,600 since the expenditures under previous projects. The latest repairs were made to the ice piers during the fiscal year 1920, when these were placed in fairly good condition. Additional repairs will be required in the near future to prevent deterioration. The lower wharf is in need of repairs. The greater part of the harbor is so shoal that it is little used except for minor craft. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1923, amounting to 1,000, will be expended during the summer of 1923 in making repairs to the wharf and in driving fender piles. The amount of $1,000, in addition to unexpended funds, can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925, in making minor repairs to the ice piers. Commercial statistics.-This section of the river is open to naviga- tion throughout the year. The water-borne commerce at Marcus Hook is included in the report for Delaware River, Philadelphia, Pa., to the sea. The ice harbor was constructed as a harbor of refuge, and has nothing to do with commercial movements at this point. While there was ice in quantity on several occasions during the winter, it was not of a character that necessitated vessels to seek shelter at the piers. 334 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Comparative Statement. Year. Short tons. Value. Year. Short tons. Value. 1919 ............ ... .... 6,848 $2,739,200 1921...................... 6,841 $1,415, 855 1920 ..................... 7, 760 2,323,070 1922................... 8,609 1,639, 050 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ------------------------------------- $208,963.64 Maintenance----------------------------------------11, 636. 36 Net total expended.------------------------------ 220, 600. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------221, 600. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for newlwork......... ................ ...... ................... Expended for maintenance...... ............. 602.56 $397.44 ........................ Appropriated:or allotted....a.... ............ ............. .............. 1.000.00 ........... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ----------------------------- $1, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------------------------1, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance---------------------- ------------- 1, 000. 00 6. CONSTRUCTING PIER IN DELAWARE BAY, NEAR LEWES, DEL. This project was practically completed at the close of the fiscal year 1882. The outer end of the pier for a length of about 350 feet was damaged by fire of unknown origin on May 12, 1923, which de- stroyed all decking, cap logs, fender piling, and other woodwork in the superstructure, and warped or twisted out of shape the iron tie-rods and railroad tracks. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year and available funds amounting to $5,898.58 were trans- ferred to Delaware River, Philadelphia to the sea, under the pro- visions of section 6 of the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922. It is expected that no estimates for further appropriations, either for additional work or for maintenance, will be submitted. For a full description of the project see Annual Report for 1922, page 441. Commercial statistics.-The pier is not used for commercial pur- poses. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $182.70: New work--------------------------------------- $413, 546. 41 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 38, 561. 71 Net total expended ---------------------------------- 452, 108. 12 Total appropriations to date of this report ------------ 452, 108. 12 SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PHILADELPHIA, PA., DISTRICT. 335 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work................................ . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . Expended for maintenance 1 $4,048.07 $53.35.......... .... ...... Appropriated or allotted........ . .......... .......... ..................... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended______ $5, 898. 58 Deduction on account of amount transferred to Delaware River, Philadelphia to the sea-- -------------------- ___- - 5, 898. 58 7. HARBOR OF REFUGE, DELAWARE BAY, DEL. Location and description.-This harbor is at the lower end of Dela- ware Bay, a few miles from the Atlantic Ocean, on the Delaware side of the bay. It is about 120 miles from New York Harbor, about 114 miles from the entrance to Chesapeake Bay, and about 101, miles from Philadelphia, Pa. The harbor is formed by a stone breakwater having a top length of 7,950 feet, with 15 detached ice piers at the northerly end of the breakwater to break up ice floating down the bay. The breakwater and ice piers have an elevation of 14 feet above mean low water. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1218.) Original condition.-The locality was of little service as a harbor of refuge, because the only shelter to vessels anchoring there was given by the mainland of Cape Henlopen, Del. The holding ground was good and the depth was suitable for anchorage of all classes of vessels, but it was exposed to easterly and northwesterly storms. Its value to commerce is due to its location near the coast line and its practical equidistance from New York, Philadelphia, and Chesa- peake Bay, thereby affording a haven of refuge or a port of call for practically the entire North Atlantic coast shipping. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the construction of a break- water about 8,000 feet long, beginning at a point about 6,000 feet from Cape Henlopen, extending in a northerly direction for a dis- tance of 2,695 feet, thence in a northwesterly direction for 5,330 feet, and the construction of 5 ice piers located in prolongation of this line, and 10 more located in a line perpendicular to the line of the breakwater. The mean tidal variation at this locality is about 4.3 feet. The irregular fluctuation from the mean tidal variation at this locality is about 1 foot, due to wind and equinoctial tides. The esti- mate of cost for new work, made in 1896, is $4,665,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896 (H. Doc. No. 112, 52d Cong., 1st sess.). A subproject for the construction of 10 ice piers was approved by the Secretary of War April 23, 1900, and a subproject for 5 additional ice piers was approved June 30, 1902. The latest published map of this locality .is printed in House Document No. 1293, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. 61637--ENG 1923---22 336 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Effect of improvement.--The effect of the construction of the breakwater and ice piers has been to provide a safe anchorage ground for a large number of vessels annually, both as a port of call and a refuge from easterly storms. The anchorage ground is exposed to northwesterly storms and drifting ice. The harbor is not used for the exchange of commerce. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1903. Some shoaling has taken place in the area sheltered by the breakwater. The breakwater itself is in good condition except that considerable settlement of the crown has occurred at the southerly end. The ice piers are in need of repairs. Three of them should be completely rebuilt and the remaining 12 require additional riprap around the subbases. The total expenditures have been $2,254,205.34, of which $2,238,205.34 was for new work and $16,000 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. The sum of $40,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925 in making repairs to the ice piers, as follows: New riprap stone, 550 tons, at $6 per ton, in place----------------- $3, 300 New rubble stone, 1,550 tons, at $12 per ton, in place 8, 600 1--------------- Replacing 600 tons old riprap stone, at $3 per ton , 800 1------------------- Replacing 2,500 tons old rubble stone, at $4 per ton __-------- 10, 000 Engineering and contingencies--------------------------------- 6, 300 Total ----------------------------------------------- 40, 000 Commercial statistics.-There was no exchange of commerce in the harbor. The limit of draft for loaded boats in the protected area of the harbor is 36 feet at mean low water. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work----------------------------------- ---- $2,238, 205. 34 Maintenance_----------- ------------ 16, 000. 00 Net total expended __- --------------- _____ 2, 254, 205. 34 Total appropriations to date of this report------------ 2, 254, 205. 34 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.........................-............. ............. Expended for maintenance......... ................................. ............ Appropriated or allotted......... ............. . .. ............................. Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance___---------__ _ _-------------$40, 000 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED MARCH 2, 1919, AND SEPTEMBER 22, 1922. The local engineer was charged with the duty of making prelimi- nary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of March 2, 1919, and September 22, 1922, as follows, and re- ports thereon will be duly submitted when received: RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT. 337 1. Delaware River, Pa., and N. J., with a view to securing in- creas:d depth and width in the channel between Philadelphia and the upper railroad bridge at Trenton. 2. Delaware River, from Trenton, N. J., to Easton Pa. 3. Essington Channel, Pa. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT. This district includes the tributaries of Delaware River and Bay and the streams, bays, and inlets along the Atlantic coast from Toms River, N. J., to Metompkin Inlet, Va. For supervision of fish pounds its southern limit is Cape Charles, Va. District engineer: Col. Earl I. Brown, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. J. C. Sanford, Corps of Engineers, to July 13, 1922; Col. H. Q. Newcomer, Corps of Engineers, acting to July 20, 1922, and as division engineer since that date. IMPROVEMENTS. [The letters and figures in parentheses after the titles indicate the group and the numeri- cal order in the group to which the respective improvements belong for purposes of appropriation. ] Page. Page. 1. 2. Cooper River, N. J. (Al) Woodbury Creek, N. J. (A2) _ --- 337 339 19. Appoquinimink River, Del. (B1)- 379 3.Mantua Creek, N. J. (A3)-- 341 20. Smyrna River, Del. (B2)___ 381 4. Raccoon Creek, N. J. (A4) __ 344 21. Leipsic River, Del. (B3) -.. 384 386 5.Oldmans Creek, N. J. (A5) 346 22. Little River, Del. (B4) .... 6. Salem River, N. J. (A6) ___ 348 23. St. Jones River, Del. (B5)-- 388 7.Alloway Creek, N. J. (A7)__ 351 24. Murderkill River, Del. (B6) 390 8.Cohansey River, N. J. (A8) _ 353 25. Mispillion River, Del. (B7) _ 393 9.Maurice River, N. J. (A9)__ 355 26. Broadkill River, Del. (B8)- 395 10. Cold Spring Inlet, N. J_____ 358 27. Inland waterway between 11. Absecon Inlet, N. J _...... 360 Rehoboth Bay and Dela- 12. Absecon Creek, N. J ....... 363 ware Bay, Del--------- 398 13. Tuckerton Creek, N. J .... 365 28. Inland waterway from Chin- 14. Toms River, N. J__ 367 coteague Bay, Va., to 15. Chester River, Pa____.. 369 Delaware Bay, Del ...... 400 16. Wilmington Harbor, Del_ . 371 29. Waterway on the coast of 17. Inland waterway from Dela- Virginia- 402 ware River to Chesapeake Bay, Del. and Md --- 375 18. Operating and care of inland waterway from Delaware River to Chesapeake Bay, Del. and Md __ 379 COOPER, SALEM, COHANSEY, AND MAURICE RIVERS; WOODBURY, MANTUA, RACCOON, OLDMANS, AND ALLOWAY CREEKS, N. J. (GROUP A.) 1. COOPER RIVER, N. J. (Al.) Location and description.-This river rises in the eastern part of Camden County, N. J., flows northwesterly about 13 miles, passing through the northern part of the city of Camden, and empties into the Delaware River above Cooper Point. The drainage area is 44 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge, which is, however, unimportant. The length of the tidal reach is about 338 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 9j miles. At the mouth and at Stoys Landing the high-water widths are 220 feet and 100 feet, respectively; the low-water widths at the same points are 160 and 60 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 376.) Original condition.-The channel was irregular and tortuous, with depths varying from 6 to 9 feet at mean low water, except near the upper limit, where the minimum usable low-water depth was 2 feet. The river was navigable for small steamers and other craft from the mouth to Kaigns Avenue, Camden, a distance of 3.2 miles, and for small boats, logging, and rafting to Stoys Landing, the head of navi- gation, an additional distance of 5.3 miles, making the total navi- gable length 8 miles. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 70 feet wide through the bar outside of the mouth and upstream to what was formerly Browning Chemical Works, about 1.7 miles. The mean, range of tide is 6 feet at the mouth and 2 feet at Stoys Landing; and the extreme range is about 10 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1895, is $35,000. No estimate for annual cost of maintenance has been made. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896 (H. Doc. No. 176, 53d Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Report for 1895, p. 1102, et seq.). The latest published map is in House Docu- ment No. 134, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 15 wharves, which practically form a continuous wharfage on both sides of the stream through the city of Camden. All are of pile and timber construction except one, which is built of concrete. All of these wharves are privately owned, four are open to the public for a nominal charge, and one is free of charge. Most of the wharves have direct connection with the Pennsylvania Railroad. There is no public water terminal regulated by the city of Camden that is in condition to use. The facilities are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of ter- minal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Freight rates for water-borne commerce have been reduced because the enlargement of the channel has re- sulted in a reduction of lighterage, permitting larger vessels than formerly to go up the river to load and discharge cargo directly at the wharves. The effect on railroad rates is not known. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No operations were in progress. The expenditures during the year for office expenses and inspections were $261.80 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1920. The controlling depth on June 30, 1923, from the Delaware River to the upper end of the project was about 11 feet at mean low water. The total expenditures were $33,101.64 for new work and $48,718.97 for maintenance, a total of $81,820.61. Proposed operations.-The unexpended funds, $679.39, which are too small for active field operations, will be used for an examination of the'channel, office expenses, and collection of commercial statistics. The funds will be exhausted about June 30, 1924. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT. 339 It is proposed to apply the funds that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925 in maintenance, as follows: Operating U. S. Pipe-line dredge Mantua, 2 months, at $4,500-------- $9, 000 Superintendence and contingencies------------------------------ 1,000 Total--------- -------------------------------------- 10, 000 The increased amount required for maintenance over the average expended for that purpose during the last five years is due to the fact that no work has been done on this stream for the past two years, and the deterioration has been accumulative. Commercial statistics.--The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 8 to 11 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year were bricks, coal, hides, logwood, oils, sand, and garvel. The in- crease was principally in the items of coal, sand, and gravel. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918 ..................... 324, 748 $7, 294,549 1921................... .. 88,342 $1,372,900 1919....................... 136 088 2 390, 956 1922.................... 247 261 2,809, 247 1920....................... 388, 188 2, 966,212 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $171.26: New work------------------------------------------ $33, 101. 64 Maintenance ----------------------------- 48, 718. 97 Net total expended ----------------------- - ------- 81, 820. 61 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------------.. 82, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 ...... . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Expended for new work 1 . $5,000.00 .. .............. Expended for maintenance1 ..... $353.70 $4,346.35 4,448.82 $103.95 $261. 80 Total expended 1.... ... 353.70 4, 346. 35 9, 448. 82 103. 95 261.80 Appropriated or allotted........ 5,000. 00 5, 000. 00 .......... ... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended----------------------------- $941. 19 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 261. 80 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -- -- ----------------- - 679.39 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance------------------------------- 10, 000. 00 2. WOODBURY CREEK, N. J. (A2.) Location and description.-This creek rises on the boundary line between Camden and Gloucester Counties, and flows 6 miles in a general northwesterly direction, emptying into the Delaware River about 9 miles below Philadelphia, Pa. The drainage area is 12 Exclusive of available funds. 340 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of the stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 6 miles. At the mouth and at Woodbury the high-water widths are 250 feet and 80 feet, respectively; the low-water widths at the same points are 150 feet and 40 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 376.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow and tortuous, and obstructed by a mud bar at the mouth over which the controlling depth was 3 feet at mean low water. A low-water depth of 4 feet was available from the mouth to Red Bridge, thence decreasing to a minimum usable depth of about 9 inches at the fixed bridge at Wood- bury, the head of navigation, 4 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The river and harbor act of August 2, 1882, appropriated $5,000 for Woodbury Creek, N. J. Of this amount, $450.31 was expended in making a survey. The balance, $4,549.69, was returned to the Treasury. Also $2,500 of the appropriation in the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, for Cooper Creek, N. J., was authorized to be used and was expended as maintenance in rebuilding the dike on Government reservation in the Delaware River at Wood- bury Creek. The total expenditures under previous projects prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1913) were $2,950.31 for new work. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water from the 6-foot contour of Delaware River to Woodbury, 60 feet wide across the bar outside the mouth and up the river to the White Bridge, 1 miles; thence 40 feet wide to Woodbury, a farther distance of 2J miles, including three cut-offs, which shortened the distance 3,340 feet. The length of the section included in the project is about 4 miles. The mean range of tide at the mouth is 5.7 feet and at Woodbury 4.3 feet. The extreme tidal range is about 10 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1912, is $38,000, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1912) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 635, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in this document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Theland for the three cut-offs and for tlfe de- posit of the dredged material required by law to be furnished by local interests free of cost to the United States was donated by local interests, and title to the land was approved by the Department of Justice January 8, 1914. Terminal facilities.-There are five timber wharves or landings on this stream, all being private property except a municipal wharf at the foot of one of the streets, and there is no direct communication with railroads or connecting transportation lines. The wharves are available to the general public free of charge. The facilities are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Navigation has been facilitated, and larger vessels can be used at all stages of the tide. The effect on freight rates is not known. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT. 341 Operations and results during fiscal year.-No operations were in progress. The expenditures during the year for office expenses and inspections were $126.24 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1916. The controlling depths at mean low water June 30, 1923, were 6 feet outside the mouth in the Delaware River and about 5 feet in the creek. The total expenditures were $24,142.70 for new work and $22,070.05 for maintenance, a total of $46,212.75. Proposed operations.-The unexpended funds will be used for an examination of the channel, office expenses, and collection of com- mercial statistics. As shoaling in the channel is slow, it is probable that no dredging will be needed prior to June 30, 1925, and no additional funds are therefore required. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 5 to 8 feet. The general character of the commerce for the calendar year was corn, coal, lumber, bricks, oil, and dirt fill. The increase in tonnage was due to increased receipts of dirt fill. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918...................... 3,110 $21,570 1921...................... 33,483 $47,523 1919..................... 7,283 53692 1922....................... 101,573 55,610 1920 ...................... 15,924 62,146 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $476.22: New work---------- ------------------- $27, 093. 01 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 22, 070. 15 Net total expended---------------------------------- 49, 163. 06 Total appropriations to date of this report_ -___ ___-___ 49, 450. 31 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............................. .................. Expended for maintenance 1.... $4, 241.58 £72. 19 $498.06 $5,588.45 $126.24 Appropriated or allotted.................................. 6,500.00 .................... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ----------------------- $413. 49 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance___ 126. 24 July, 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------- ------- -------- 287. 25 3. MANTUA CREEK, N. J. (A3.) Location and description.-This creek rises in Gloucester County, N. J., flows northwesterly 161 miles, and empties into the Delaware River about 10 miles below Philadelphia, Pa. The drainage area is about 51 square miles. No information is available as to the dis- charge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 9( miles. At the mouth and at Mantua the high-water widths are 225 342 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. feet and 90 feet, respectively; the low-water Widths at the same points are 160 feet and 25 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 376.) Original condition.-The channel was obstructed by bars and sharp bends, and, in the upper portions, by stumps and overhang- ing trees. The minimum usable depth of the channel at the mouth was 8 feet at mean low water; at Paulsboro, 5 feet; and at Mantua, 2 feet. The stream was navigable for steamboats from the mouth to Parkers Landing, 7 miles, and for small vessels and barges able to pass under the fixed bridges to Mantua, the head of navi- gation, 11i miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882, and was modified in 1889. The amount expended upon previous projects prior to the adop- tion of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1900) was $3,000 for new work. For scope of previous projects see page 1784, Annual Report of Chief of Engineers, 1915. Existing project.--This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide from the 12-foot contour of Del- aware River, through the marsh to the phosphate works; thence 8 feet deep and 80 feet wide via cut-offs to Paulsboro; thence 7 feet deep and 60 feet wide via cut-off to Parkers Landing, near Mount Royal; and the dredging of a cut-off 3 feet deep and 50 feet wide 9,000 feet above Berkley (Mount Royal), the removal of overhang- ing trees above Mount Royal; the construction of jetties on both sides of the mouth; and a dike across the old mouth. The section of the creek included in the project extends from the Delaware River upstream 7 miles to 1 mile below the town of Mantua. The mean range of tide at the mouth is 6 feet; at Paulsboro, 5 feet; at Mount Royal, 4 feet; and at Mantua, 2J feet. The extreme tidal range is about 10 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1897, is $145,030, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. No estimate for annual cost of maintenance has been made. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for all features of the project except the dike across the old mouth (H. Doc. No. 123, 55th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1898, p. 1122). The dike was provided for by the act of March 2, 1907. The latest published map of the whole creek is with the project document. A later map of the portion from just below Mount Royal to Mantua is in House Document No. 523, Sixty-first Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The cut-off between Paulsboro and Parkers Landing, which was provided for as part of the project of improve- ment, was made by the enlargement of a ditch which formed a nat- ural connection, the work having been done with the consent of the owner of abutting property. Terminal facilities.-There are 10 wharves of pile and timber con- struction on this stream. All of these wharves are privately owned, but 6 are open to the general public upon payment of nominal wharf- age and 2 without charge. Several of the wharves at Paulsboro, N. J., have connections with the Pennsylvania Railroad. The facili- ties are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT. 343 Effect of improvement.-The shipments of fruit and other perish- able merchandise have been greatly facilitated by the improvement. Several large manufacturing plants with adequate wharfage facili- ties are located on the land between Paulsboro and the Delaware River and use the river extensively for commerce. The direct effect on freight rates is not known. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No operations were in progress. The amount expended for office expenses, inspections, and a proportion of the repairs to the U. S. pipe-line dredge Mantua, was $6,020.80, for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 85 per cent of the exist- ing project has been completed. The remaining portion is the cut- off about 9,000 feet above Mount Royal. The cut-offs made shortened the distance 3 miles between Delaware River and Parkers Landing. The controlling depth on June 30, 1923, was 12 feet from the Dela- ware River to the phosphate works, thence 6J feet to Paulsboro, thence 5 feet to Mount Royal, and thence 1 foot to Mantua. The total expenditures were $104,535.04 for new work and $43,714.96 for maintenance, a total of $148,250. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds to maintenance dredging between the mouth and Mount Royal, and a proportion of the cost of a quarterboat for the U. S. pipe- line dredge Mantua, in accordance with the following estimate: Operating U. S. pipe-line dredge Mantua, 24 days, at $150------------ $3, 600 Proportion of quarterboat------------------------------------ 1, 000 Superintendence and contingencies------------------------------- 400 Total ------------------------------------------------ 5, 000 Funds will be exhausted prior to June 30, 1924, but it is not believed that any work will be urgently needed in the fiscal year 1925; hence no additional funds are requested. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 8 to 14 feet. The general character of commerce for the calendar year was fertilizers, farm produce, sand, coal, and chemicals. The decrease in tonnage was principally in the item of sand. Chemicals were higher than in 1921. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918.................... 133,743 $1,401,328 1921..................... 120,402 $1,075,407 1919............... ....... 184,967 793,463 1922............ . 68, 035 1,166,383 1920......... ............. 91,596 1,621,464 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $4,478.73: New work ---------------------------------------- $107, 535. 04 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 43, 714. 96 Net total expended ---- -- ------ 151, 250. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report -- 156, 250. 00 344 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Enpended for new work......... ............. .. I.................. ............. Expended for maintenance 1.... $3, 489. 24 $151.75 $176.23 $442.10 $6, 020.80 Appropriated or allotted ......... 5......... 5,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended __________--- __----------- $6, 020. 80 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923--------------- ---------------------------- 5, 000. 00 11, 020. 80 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance__ 6, 020. 80 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-----------------------------5, 000. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -------------------------------------- 140, 495. 00 4. RACCOON CREEK, N. J. (A4.) Location and description.-This creek rises in Gloucester County, N. J., flows northwesterly 16 miles, and empties into the Delaware River about 20 miles below Philadelphia, Pa. The drainage area is 44 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 11 miles. The high-wvater widths at the mouth and at Swedesboro, N. J., are 1,200 feet and 140 feet, respectively; the low-water widths at the same points are 250 feet and 60 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Sur- vey chart No. 376.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow and tortuous and obstructed throughout its length by many shoals of hard material, over which were depths varying from 3 to 7 feet at mean low water. The minimum usable low-water depth was 3 feet. Vessels were required to wait for high water before departure. The head of navigation was at Swedesboro, N. J., where the stream is crossed by a fixed highway bridge. The length of the navigable portion was 94 miles. Previous projects.-The orignal project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882. The amount expended upon previ- ous projects prior to the adoption of the existing project (expendi- tures on which began in 1903) was $757.23, for new work. For scope of previous projects see page 1784, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep through- out at mean low water, 75 feet wide from the 7-foot contour in Dela- ware River to Bridgeport, a distance of 1 miles; thence 60 feet wide to Springers Wharf, a farther distance of 3 miles, and thence 40 feet wide to Swedesboro, a farther distance of 44 miles, with a dike or jetty at the mouth, and a cut-off at Molonox Shoal, which short- ened the distance three-fourths mile. The mean range of tide is 6 feet at the mouth and 5 feet at Swedesboro. The extreme range of tide is 10 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1913, is $106,535, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT. 345 The latest (1913) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 13, 1902 provided for all features of the existing project except the 7-foot depth above Springers Wharf, the dike or jetty at the mouth, and the cut-off at Molonox Shoal. (H. Doc. No. 231, 56th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1900, p. 1590.) The act of March 2, 1907, provided for the cut-off at Molonox Shoal, and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the 7-foot depth above Springers Wharf, and a dike or jetty at the mouth (H. Doc. No. 800, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map of the mouth and the upper section of the creek is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The lands necessary for the cut-off at Molonox Shoal were required by the act of March 2, 1907, to be deeded to the United States free of cost. This was accomplished March 19, 1908. Terminal facilities.-There are 11 wharves of pile and timber con- struction, all privately owned. Ten of them are open to general public use for a nominal charge, and one without charge. Most of the wharves have indirect connection with the Pennsylvania Railroad. The facilities are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.--The carrying of perishable freight by water has been facilitated and long hauls by rail to the city markets eliminated. Freight rates for waterborne commerce are lower than by railroad; but the effect on the latter is not known. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Work in progress at the beginning of the year under contract for construction of a jetty at the mouth was continued and completed August 24, 1922, 949.5 linear feet of jetty having been built. The expenditure for the jetty was $29,158.59. The U. S. pipe-line dredge Mantua was operated in the creek from August 16 to November 20, 1922, removing 36,457 cubic yards of mud, sand, clay, and gravel from the channel near the highway drawbridge below Swedesboro for a length of 1,000 feet, thereby completing the project, and restoring project depth over detached shoals between Swedesboro and Bridgeport, aggregating 4,100 feet in length, by the removal of 21,692 cubic yards of material. The expenditures for dredlging were $16,198.99. The total expenditures for the year were $34,380.80 for improve- ment and $10,976.78 for maintenance, a total of $45,357.58. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1922. The controlling depth at mean low water on June 30, 1923, out- side the mouth in the Delaware River and in the creek to Springers Wharf, was 5 feet, and thence to Swedesboro 4 feet. The total expenditures were $82,907.73 for new work and $55,969.23 for main- tenance, a total of $138,876.96. Proposed operations.-The small balance unexpended will be used for an examination of the channel, office expenses, and collection of commercial statistics. It is believed that the funds available will be sufficient until June 30, 1925; hence no additional funds are requested. 346 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Commercial statistics.- The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 4 to 8 feet. The general character of the commerce for the calen- dar year was coal, farm produce, and fertilizers. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918..................... 41,361 $842,958 1921..................... 21,511 $314,556 1919................. ... 40,700 862,972 1922..................... 20,636 346,484 1920 ....................... 19,880 341,242 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $4,011.62: New work----------------------------------------- $83, 664. 96 Maintenance ------------------- 55, 969. 23 Net total expended ------------- 139, 634. 19 Total appropriations to date of this report ______ - ____- ___--- 139, 770. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1921 1923 Expended for new work 1 ...................... 1'.... .. $230.31 $389.75 $34,380.80 Expended for maintenance ..... $7,615.63 $1,495.46 85. 28 563.42 10, 976.78 Total expended 1............ 7,615.63 1,495.46 315.59 953.17 45,357.58 Appropriated or allotted......... 42, 270.00 ............................ ......................... .... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ------------------------ $45, 493.39 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work ----------------------------- $34, 380. 80 For maintenance___ __- __-____-______-- - - 10, 976. 78 45, 357. 58 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_______----_____ -__- 135. 81 5. OLDMANS CREEK, N. J. (A5.) Location and description.-This creek rises in the boundary line between Gloucester and Salem Counties, N. J., flows in a north- westerly direction 20 miles and empties into*the Delaware River about 24 miles below Philadelphia, Pa. The drainage area is 83 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of the stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 171 miles. The low- water widths of the stream are 230 feet at the mouth, 100 feet at Pedricktown, and 30 feet at Auburn. The high-water widths are in- determinate, owing to the low, flat marshlands which border the stream. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart No. 376.) Original condition.-The channel was irregular and tortuous and obstructed by numerous shoals throughout its length, and by over- hanging trees and submerged logs in the upper portion. In the sec- tion below Pedricktown the channel depths varied from 5 to 10 feet and in the upper portion from 2 to 5 feet at mean low water. The minimum usable low-water depth was 1.4 feet. The channel depths RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT. 347 did not meet the demands of commerce, as navigation of large ves- sels was possible only at high water. The head of navigation was at the fixed bridge at Auburn, 15 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water from the 6-foot contour of the Delaware River to Pedrick- town, a distance of 6 miles, and thence 5 feet deep at mean low water to Auburn, a farther distance of 9 miles; 100 feet wide across the bar outside of the mouth, 75 feet wide thence to Pedricktown, and thence 40 feet wide to Auburn, including nine cut-offs, which shortened the distance 4 miles, and a jetty at the mouth. The length of the section included in the project is about 11 miles. The mean range of tide is 6 feet at the mouth, 2.4 feet at Pedricktown, and 0.9 foot at Au- burn. The extreme range of tide is from 2 feet below mean low water to about 2 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1908, is $89,500. The latest (1908) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 1083, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-As required by law, the necessary land for the nine cut-offs was furnished by local interests free of cost to the United States, and the United States was released from all claims for damages arising from the diversion of the stream, title to the land and the releases having been approved by the Department of Justice April 17, 1913. Terminal facilities.-There are 11 wharves or landings on the creek of pile and timber construction. They are privately owned, but 7 are open to the general public use. No wharves have railroad connection. The facilities are adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has been of great bene- fit to navigation and has facilitated and expedited the carrying of perishable freight, by eliminating wagon haul of from 1 to 5 miles to the railroad station. The effect on freight rates is not known. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. pipe-line dredge Mantua was operated in this creek from November 17 to December 31, 1922. The channel outside the mouth was restored to project dimensions, and shoals in the channel beginning about 1,500 feet above Nortonville were removed to a depth of 6 feet at mean low water and width of 40 feet for an aggregate distance of 1,125 feet. There were removed 17,855 cubic yards of mud and sand. The expenditures for dredging, repairs to dredge, and office expenses were $10,219.70, for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 50 per cent of the project, i. e., all of the dredging contemplated, has been completed. The remaining part, the construction of a jetty, it is not proposed to build until later, if at all. The controlling depth on June 30, 1923, from Delaware River to Pedricktown was 4 feet, and thence 3 feet to Au- burn, with a variable width of channel. The total expenditures were $31,188.43 for new work and $14,184.07 for maintenance, a total of $45,372.50. 348 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds to maintenance dredging for removal of shoals between the mouth and Auburn. The United States pipe-line dredge Mantua will be used for this purpose as soon as available for the work, in accordance with the following estimate: Operating U. S. pipe-line dredge Mantua, 22 days, at $150-------- $3, 300. 00 Proportion of cost of new quarterboat ------------ __ -___1, 500. 00 Superintendence and contingencies ---------------------------- 327. 50 5, 127. 50 As the rate of shoaling is slow, it is believed that no additional funds will be needed prior to June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 4 to 8 feet. The general character of the commerce for the calendar year was manure, coal, grain, and tomatoes. The increase in valua- tion is principally in the item of tomatoes. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918..................... 19, 025 $269,051 1921..................... 10,791 $91,558 1919........... ....... 15,327 104,965 1922.................. 10,064 115,913 1920 ....................... 10,648 79,967 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $476.22: New work----------------------------------------------- $31, 188. 43 Maintenance ------------------------------------- 14, 184. 07 Net total expended------------- --- ------------------ 45, 372. 50 Total appropriations to date of this report_______________________ 50, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work..................................... _.... ........ Expended for maintenance 1.... $488. 71 $281.52 $115.71 $75.03 $10, 219.70 Appropriated or allotted.......... 2,500.00 ........... ... ........................ 5,000.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended_______________-_________- $10, 347. 20 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved -------------------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Mar. 2, 1923_______________ 15, 347. 20 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 10, 219. 70 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ______________________________ 5, 127. 50 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-------------------------------- ------------ 58, 300. 00 6. SALEM RIVER, N. J. (A6.) Location and description.-This river rises in Salem County, N. J., flows westward 10 miles, thence southward 13 miles to the city of Salem, N. J., where it is joined by Little Salem River, and thence 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT. 349 westward 3 miles, emptying into the Delaware River about 45 miles below Philadelphia, Pa. The drainage area is about 40 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of the stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 5 miles. At the mouth and at Salem the high-water widths are 1,360 feet and 120 feet, respectively; the low-water widths at the same points are 1,040 feet and 90 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 376.) Original condition.-The channel was obstructed by stony and gravel shoals in the sharp bend just below the entrance to Salem River, over which there was a channel depth of 5 feet at mean low water. The minimum usable low-water depth was 4 feet. The river was navigable for shallow-draft boats only and the larger ves- sels were compelled to wait for the tide. The head of navigation was at the fixed highway bridge crossing Little Salem River. The length of the navigable portion of the river was 4 miles. Previous projects.-The original project, adopted in 1870 and modified in 1878, was for improvement at the mouth and in the upper river, now cut off. The amount expended on the previous project prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1908), all for new work, was $17,209.34. For scope of previous project see page 1784, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 9 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide from the 9-foot contour of Delaware River to the fixed highway bridge over Little Salem River and the removal of stony bars in front of the city wharves and at the bend above the brickyard, about halfway between the mouth of the river and Salem. The length of the section included in the project is about 5 miles. The mean range of tide is 6 feet and the extreme range is from about 1 foot below mean low water to about 2 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1907, is $38,600, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. No estimate for maintenance has been made. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 78, 55th Cong., 1st sess.; R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 12, 59th Cong., 2d sess.; and Annual Report for 1897, p. 1245). The latest published map of a portion of the river is in House Document No. 1436, Sixty-second Congress, third session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 13 wharves on the river, all at Salem, N. J. Twelve are of timber construction and one of concrete. One is a municipal wharf and free to the public, and five others may be used for a nominal wharfage charge. Twelve of the wharves have direct connection with the Pennsylvania Railroad. The fa- cilities are adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Commerce has been facilitated, though the movement of vessels is still handicapped by sharp bends and shoals in the stream. The effect on freight rates is not known. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No operations were in progress. The amount expended during the fiscal year for office ex- penses, inspections, and repairs to U. S. pipe-line dredge Mantua was $1,029.32, for maintenance. 350 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 95 per cent of the existing project has been completed. The remaining portion, the widening of the channel in Little Salem River, is unimportant. The controlling depth on June 30, 1922, was 7 feet across Salem Cove and up the river to a point 2,000 feet above Penns Neck Bridge, and thence 4.5 feet to the fixed highway bridge at Salem. The total expenditures were $38,600 for new work and $40,203.32 for maintenance, a total of $78,803.32. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to use $7,000 of the unex- pended funds for a portion of the cost of constructing a new quarter- boat for the U. S. pipe-line dredge Mantua. The balance, $796.68, will be applied to inspections, office expenses, etc. As a new project has been recommended for this river, under the authorization con- tained in the river and harbor act of June 5, 1920, it is not deemed advisable to apply the available funds to dredging in the present channel, and therefore no additional funds for the fiscal year 1925 are required. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 4 to 9 feet. The general character of the commerce for the year was fuel oil, tomatoes, sand, and stone. The increase was principally in the items of sand and stone. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. .............. 1918 .... 25,422 $1,158,4991921........................ 9,116 $167, 165 ..... 1919 .............. 15,187 1639,619 1922..................... . 47,247 248,557 1920.................... 5,220 404,588 1 Incomplete. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $879.43: New work ..---------------------------------------------- $55, 809. 34 Maintenance ---------------------------------------------- 40, 203. 32 Net total expended __________-------- ----- ___-96, 012. 66 Total appropriations to date of this report _____________________103, 809. 34 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.......................... ................. ............. Expended for maintenance 1..... $419.51 $237.12 $53.98 $128.69 $1,029.32 Appropriated orallotted.......... ....................... ............. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-______---------------- $13, 826. 00 Deduction on account of amount transferred to Cohansey River, N. J.------------------------------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 8, 826. 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 1, 029. 32 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---- 7, 796. 68 RIVERS AND HARBORS--WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT. 351 7. ALLOWAY CREEK, N. J. (A7.) Location and description.-This creek rises in Salem County, N. J., flows southwesterly 15 miles, and empties into the Delaware River about 47 miles below Philadelphia, Pa. The drainage area is 60 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 14 miles. At the mouth and at Quinton the high-water widths are 260 feet and 102 feet, respectively; the low-water widths at the same points are 245 feet and 90 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 376.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow, tortuous, and ob- structed by numerous shoals, over which there were low-water depths of 4 feet in the lower part and .2 feet in the upper part of the stream. The minimum usable low-water depth was 1.3 feet. Ves- sels of moderate draft were required to wait for high tide. The head of navigation for small craft was the highway bridge at Quin- ton. The length of the navigable portion was 10 miles. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water beginning at Fosters Bottle, 1 mile above the mouth, where a cut-off was provided, which shortened the distance 1 mile, thence upstream to Quinton, a distance of 8 miles, 75 feet wide to a point 1,000 feet above Upper Hancock Bridge, and thence 60 feet wide to Quinton, including dikes at " The Square " and above Upper Han- cock Bridge, and an increased width at " The Canal" to 150 feet between low-water lines. The mean range of tide at the mouth is 6 feet, at Hancock Bridge 5 feet, and at Quinton 4 feet. The ex- treme range of tide is from about 1 foot below mean low water to about 2 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1890, is $25,000. No estimate for annual cost of maintenance has been made. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of September 19, 1890 (H. Doc. No. 60, 51st Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1890, p. 910), provided for all features except the dike above Upper Hancock Bridge, which was added in 1896, and the cut-off at Fosters Bottle, which was provided for by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907. There is no published map. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-As required by law, all land needed for the cut-off at Fosters Bottle was furnished by local interests free of cost to the United States, title to the land having been approved by the Department of Justice July 30, 1908. Terminal facilities.--There are five pile and timber wharves on this stream. All are privately owned, but may be used by the public free of charge when not in use by owners. Two wharves have direct connection with the Pennsylvania Railroad. The facilities are adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of ter- minal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Shipment of perishable freight has been greatly facilitated by elimination of a wagon haul of 5 to 6 miles to the railroad station. The effect on freight rates is not known. 61637-ENG 1923---28 352 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No operations were in progress. The expenditures for office expenses and inspections were $328.35, for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1909. The controlling depth on June 30, 1923, from Delaware Bay to Quinton was about 5 feet. The total expenditures were $21,397.73 for new work and $29,597.97 for maintenance, a total of $50,995.70. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply $1,000 of the un- expended funds for a portion of the cost of a new quarterboat. The balance, $504.30, is too small for active operations, and will be used to supplement the funds requested for expenditure during the fiscal year 1925. They will be exhausted prior to June 30, 1925. It is proposed to expend the funds to be provided for the fiscal year 1925, for maintenance, as follows: Operating U. S. pipe-line dredge Mantua, 1 month---------------------$4, 500 Superintendence and contingencies -------------------------------- 500 Total ------------------------------------------------ 5, 000 These funds are in excess of the average annual cost of main- tenance for the past five years, due to the postponement of mainte- nance work for a period of approximately five years, during which time the channel has deteriorated. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 4 to 7 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year were canned goods, coal, empty cans, fertilizer, and tomatoes. The decrease in tonnage was principally in the items of coal and earth fill. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918...................... 11,089 $909, 836 1921..................... 12,309 $488,821 1919.................... 11,253 757,414 1922 ..................... 6,659 386,480 1920 ...................... 8, 643 521,083 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $181.63: New. work- ------- -------------- $21, 397. 73 Maintenance--------- ---------------- 29, 597. 97 Net total expended----------- ----- -------- 50, 995. 70 Total appropriations to date of this report- ------------------- 52, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work......... ................................ Expended for maintenance 1.... $4,482.18 $71.67 $138.07 $69.40 $328.35 Appropriated or allotted................ .. ................. .. ....... ......... ........... ... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT. 355 ,July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-- --- __ ___-------- $1, 832.65 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 328. 35 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------------------------- 1, 504. 30 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance___-- __-- --..- ______-5, - 000. 00 8. COHANSEY RIVER, N. J. (AS.) Location and description.-This river rises in Salem County, N. J., flows southerly and southwesterly through Cumberland County 26J miles, and empties into the Delaware Bay about 62 miles below Philadelphia, Pa. The drainage area is 91 square miles. No in- formation is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 201 miles. At the mouth and at Bridgeton the high-water widths are 750 feet and 70 feet, respectively; the low-water widths at the same points are 700 feet and 70 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 376.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow and tortuous, ob- structed by a broad mud bar at the mouth, without a well-defined channel, over which was a low-water depth of about 5 feet. The channel through and below the city of Bridgeton was obstructed by numerous shoals and by the gas and water mains, which were laid only 4 feet below low water. The depths did not meet the de- mands of commerce, as vessels were required to wait for high tide. The minimum usable low-water depth was 3.5 feet. The head of navigation was at the fixed bridge at Bridgeton. The length of the navigable portion was 20 miles. Previous projects.--The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1873, and was modified in 1879. The amount expended on previous .projects prior to ,the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1907) was $36,000 for new work. For scope of previous projects see page 1785, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel about 2,000 feet long through a neck of land at the mouth, 7 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide, from Delaware Bay to Cohansey River, and for a channel 7 feet deep, 100 feet wide, from Stony Point to Broad Street, Bridgeton, a distance of 6,000 feet; thence 75 feet wide to Commerce Street Bridge, a distance of 740 feet, and thence 60 feet wide to the Nail Works Bridge, a distance of 900 feet. The sections of the river included in the project are the cut-off at the mouth and the upper river from Stony Point to the Nail Works Bridge, a total distance of 1.8 miles. The cut-off at the mouth shortened the distance between the mouth and Bridgeton 3 miles. The mean range of tide is 51 feet at the mouth and 7 feet at Bridgeton. The extreme range of tide is from 2 feet below mean low water to 3 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1905, is $55,800, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. No estimate for annual cost of maintenance has been made. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 645, 59th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in that document. 1Exclusive of available funds. 354 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Theland required for the cut-off at the mouth, which was provided for by law as part of the project of improve- ment, was voluntarily conveyed to the United States free of cost, title having been approved by the Department of Justice September 21, 1910. Terminal facilities.-There are 22 -wharves along this stream, 2 of which are of concrete and the remainder of pile and timber construc- tion. One wharf is publicly owned and open free to the public use. The remaining 21 wharves are privately owned, of which 4 are open to the general public use upon payment of a nominal wharfage charge, and 17 are open free to the public use. Most of the wharves have direct connection with either the Pennsylvania Railroad or the Central Railroad of New Jersey. The terminals are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has facilitated and ex- pedited shipments of fruits and other merchandise. The effect on freight rates is not known. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No operations were in progress. The expenditures were $1,150.29 for an examination of the channel, repairs to United States pipe-line dredge Mantua, office expenses, and inspections, for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1912. The controlling depth on June 30, 1923, between Delaware Bay and the Nail Works Bridge was about 4 feet, with a variable width of channel. The total expenditures were $48,578.89 for new work and $12,717.37 for maintenance, a total of $61, 296.26. Proposed operations.-The funds available will be applied to restoring the channel to project dimensions by removing the shoals that have formed between Stony Point and the Nail Works Bridge at Bridgeton. It is proposed to do the work by contract, in ac- cordance with the following estimate: Dredging 40,000 cubic yards, at 36 cents----- _____-_______ $14, 400. 00 Superintendence and contingencies ----------- _________ 603. 74 15, 003. 74 It is believed that no additional funds will be needed prior to June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 5 to 7 feet. The general character of the commerce for the calendar year was fertilizer, oysters, tomatoes, and general merchandise. The decrease in tonnage and valuation was due to smaller receipts of oysters and clams. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918...................... . 66,751 $1,760,730 1921....................... 25,536 $787,345 1919 ... ................. 31,349 1,004,514 1922 ........... ..... 19,633 487,358 1920..................... 32,546 1,130,191 32, 56 tU RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT. 355 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $984.37: New work------ -------------------------------- $84, 578. 89 Maintenance__________-- 12, 717. 37 Net total expended----------------------------------97, 296. 26 Total appropriations to date of this report- -- ---- __ 112, 300. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........................................ ..... ... .. Expended for maintenance 1... $389.73 $102.34 $70.10 $469.31 $1,150.29 Appropriated or allotted.................................................... . 5,000.00 5,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended -------------------------- $11, 154. 03 Amount transferred from Salem River, N. J------------------- 5, 000. 00 16, 154. 03 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 1, 150.29 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------------------------15,003. 74 9. MAURICE RIVER, N. J. (A9.) Location and description.-This river rises in Gloucester County, N. J., flows southerly and southwesterly through Cumberland County 321 miles and empties into Delaware Bay through Maurice Cove, about 89 miles below Philadelphia, Pa. The drainage area is 377 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 24 miles. At the mouth and at Millville the high-water widths are 1,500 feet and 165 feet, respectively; the low-water widths at the same points are 1,200 feet and 135 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 376.) Original condition.-The channel was obstructed by a mud bar through the cove at the entrance and numerous shoals in the upper 4 miles of the river. The channel across the bar at the mouth was not well defined. Over it was a depth of 5 feet. At French Bar, 20 miles above the mouth, the depth was 4 feet, and at Millville, the head of navigation, 24 miles above the mouth, it was about 2 feet. The minimum usable low-water depth was 2 feet. The depths did not meet the demands of commerce, as large craft were required to wait for high tide. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882. It was modified in 1890, and again in 1892. The amount expended on previous projects prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1910) was $43,000 for new work. For scope of previous projects see page 1785, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep at mean low water across the bar at the mouth in Maurice Cove and up to the head of navigation at Millville, including a turning basin at the upper end, the width across the bar at the mouth and in the river to Millville drawbridge to be 100 feet, and 60 feet thence to the mill- dam. The sections of the river included in the project are from the 7-foot contour in the Delaware Bay to the 7-foot contour in the mouth of Maurice River, a distance of 3 miles, and from French Bar, 3 miles below Millville drawbridge, upstream to the milldam, a distance of 4 miles. The mean range of tide at the mouth is 5 feet and at Millville 6 feet. The extreme tidal range is from 1 foot below mean low water to 1 foot above mean high water. The esti- mate of cost for new work, made in 1906, is $156,200, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. No estimate for annual maintenance has been made. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 664, 59th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in that document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation. None. Terminal facilities.-There are 42 pile and timber wharves, 5 shipyards, and 4 marine railways located on Maurice River, and most of these have direct railroad connection. At Bivalve and Maurice River, N. J., there is a continuous wharfage, with direct railroad connections running parallel to the wharves. One wharf is publicly owned and open free to public use. The remaining 41 wharves are privately owned, of which 32 are open to the general public use upon payment of moderate wharfage and 9 are for private use. The terminals are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Larger vessels can now be used, and in consequence there is a larger output from the sand deposits, and vessels can now be operated to Millville at low tide. The full effect and value of the improvement can not be determined until the chan- nel outside the mouth is completed. No effect on freight rates is knowf. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No operations were in progress. The expenditures for a survey, office expenses, and in- spections were $2,072.90 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 45 per cent of the existing project has been completed. The remaining portion is the deepen- ing of the channel across the flats, to project depth of 7 feet at mean low water, and dredging to project dimensions of a short section of the channel in the upper river. The controlling depth on June 30, 1923, from Delaware Bay across the bar into Maurice River was 41 feet, and in the river 4 feet. The total expenditures were $63,- 954.20 for new work and $14,083.69 for maintenance, a total of $78,037.89. Proposed operations.-The unexpended funds will be applied un- der contract to maintenance and improvement Work, in one opera- tion, by dredging a channel to project dimensions from Millville to Frenchs Bar, in accordance with the following estimate: Dredging 63,500 cubic yards, at 48 cents $30, 480. 00 Superintendence and contingencies ---------------------- 3, 482. 11 Total ..-------------------------------- 33, 962. 11 RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT. 357 The available funds will be sufficient for the most necessary work until June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 6 to 9 feet. The general character of the commerce for the calendar year was coal, oysters, clams, sand, tomatoes, and miscellaneous articles. The increase was due to larger shipments of coal and sand. There was a decrease in tonnage of the more valuable items. Comparative Statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918.....................201,228 $2,798,942 1921.................... 122,445 $2,461,046 1919 .................... 154,521 2,413,401 1922..................... 167,659 2,199,248 1920 ...................... 224,538 3,227,461 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $476.22: New work ---------------------------------------- $106, 954.20 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 14, 083. 69 Net total expended -------------------------------- 121, 037. 89 Total appropriations to date of this report----_------_------- 155, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work................................ ............................ Expended for maintenance 1..... $1, 052.42 $336.91 $151.93 $603.16 $2,072.90 Appropriated or allotted........................... ............... ........ 5,000.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended_______------------------- $31, 035. 01 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923------- ----------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 36, 035. 01 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 2, 072.90 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------- 33, 962. 11 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-- ______-__--- -__-__-_______ - 161, 200. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $12,135.70: New work----- ------------------------------ $551, 323. 24 Maintenance -------------------------------------- 281, 259. 63 Net total expended _ __--- ___ _ 832, 582. 87 Total appropriations to date of this report--- 902, 079. 65 1Exclusive of available funds. 358 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........... ........ ............. 5, 230.31 $389.75 $34,380.80 Expended for maintenance 1.... $22,532.70 $7,095.31 5, 738.18 8,043.51 32,186.18 Total expended 1..........22,532.70 7,095.31 10, 968. 49 8,433. 26 66, 566. 98 Appropriated or allotted........ 54, 770.00 5,000.00 6,500.00 ............. 20, 000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ------------------------- $121, 063. 76 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923_ _---_ - ____15, 000. 00 136, 063. 76 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work ---------------------------- $34, 380. 80 For maintenance-------- -------------------- 32, 186. 18 66, 566. 98 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-------------- -------- 69, 496. 78 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project - _________--'-__----_- 183, 495. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance._- 215, 000. 00 10. COLD SPRING INLET, N. J. Location and description.-This inlet is located in Cape May County, southern New Jersey, about 3 miles east of Cape May City and about 16 miles northeast of Delaware Breakwater. The inlet connects Cold Spring Harbor with the Atlantic Ocean and is about 1 mile in length. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 376.) Original condition.-There was a variable channel leading from the ocean through the inlet to a natural basin inside, which was about 6 feet deep and 60 acres in area. The entrance was obstructed by a shifting sand bar lying about mile outside, with a depth over it of about 2 feet at low water, but in the gorge of the inlet there was a depth of 29 feet. The vessels using the inlet were necessarily of small draft and were required to wait for high tide. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 25 feet deep at mean low water, and 400 feet wide through the inlet, a distance of 1 mile, protected by two parallel stone jetties 700 feet or more apart. The mean range of tide is 41 feet and the extreme tidal range is very great, due to storms at sea, the extent of which has not been recorded. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1906, is $1,311,000. The latest (1906) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 388, 59th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1911, page 1382. Recommended modiflcations of project.-None. 1 Not deducting receipts from sas, etc. Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT. 359 Local cooperation.--In compliance with law, the Cape May Real Estate Co. contributed $100,000 toward the cost of the improvement and assumed the work of deepening and enlarging the inner harbor. They also contributed the necessary land and right of way for the shore ends of the jetties, for lighthouses, for the establishment of a life-saving station, and for a depot for the United States Engineer Department. Terminal facilities.-There are 25 wharves or landings, 1 coaling pier, and 2 marine railways served by this waterway, including those owned by the Navy Department. The wharves are indirectly con- nected with two railroad systems and are adequate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-There is an increased use of the inlet by commercial and fishing interests and as a harbor of refuge. No effect on freight rates is known. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The west jetty was repaired at the outer end for a length of 368 feet by the use of con- crete blocks and the replacing of stone which had fallen out. The work was done by the U. S. derrick barge No. 1. The inner end of this jetty was repaired and consolidated for 1,572 feet by filling in the interstices with concrete. These repairs were .made between July 1, 1922, and May 5, 1923. The U. S. seagoing hopper dredge Absecon removed 43,036 cubic yards of sand from the shoals near the outer ends of the jetties be- tween September 11 and 30,1922, and the U. S. seagoing hopper dredge Manhattan, rented from the Philadelphia district, removed 69,533 cubic yards from the same locality during March, 1923. The expenditures were $43,255.45 for jetty repairs and $27,206.04- for dredging, a total of $70,461.49 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1917. The controlling depth on June 30, 1923, was 20 feet at mean low water between the Atlantic Ocean and the inner harbor. The total expendi- tures were $879,274.62 for new work and $159,671.20 for maintenance, a total of $1,038,945.91 from United States funds. In addition, $100,000 was expended for new work from contributed funds. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds, $2,254.09, for office expenses, payment of outstanding liabilities, and collection of commercial statistics. They will be exhausted about June 30, 1924.. It is proposed to expend the funds required for the fiscal year 1925 in maintenance operations, as follows: Repairs to jetties------------ -------------------------- $30, 000 Maintenance dredging, approximately 100,000 cubic yards, at 20 cents per cubic yard -------------------------------------------- 20, 0009 Total -------------------------------------- 50, 000k No funds were allotted for this improvement for the fiscal year 1924; hence the necessity for additionalfunds for the fiscal year 1925. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 4 to 16 feet. The principal items of commerce during the year were coal, mine props, oils, fish, fish oil, and fish scrap. There was a large increase in commodities of low unit value and a falling off in the items; of clams and food fish. 360 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918 ..................... (1) ............. 1921.......... 6,936 $540,210 ' 20,000 1919...................... (1) . .... 1922.......... 16,293 428, 790 2 65, 400 1920 ...................... (1) 1Impracticable to obtain statistics. 2 Estimated. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $6,018.27: New work ---------------------------------------- $879, 274. 62 Maintenance------------------------------------- --- 159, 671. 29 Net total expended-------------------------------- 1, 038, 945. 91 Total appropriations to date of this report1___---__-------- , 041, 200. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 -Expended for new work....... .................... ................... Expended for maintenance 2..... $26, 235. 75 $1,790.47 $425.21 $5, 410. 15 $70, 461.49 Appropriated or allotted........ 10, 000. 00 ................................ 50, 000.00 ............. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended _--------------------------- $71, 707. 18 ------- Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923________-- 1, 008. 40 72, 715. 58 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 2 70,461. 49 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ---------------------- 2, 254. 09 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities 1, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available_____ ___--------------------1, 254. 09 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance-----__ -------------------- 8 50, 000. 00 11. ABSECON INLET, N. J. Loft ion and descriptn.--This inlet is located on the coast of Ney Jersey, about 65 miles north of Delaware Breakwater, between Brigantine Beach on the north and bsecon Beach on the south. It i about three-fourths mile wide aid 1 mile long and forms the 4ntrance to the harbor at Atlantic Cit , N. J. (See U. S. Coast and /Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 376 and 1 08.) /Original condition.-The entrance channel was variable in depth and position, owing to it being obstruct d by a bar of shifting sand. There was a low-water depth of about feet over the bar, while the channel inside was about 600 feet wid , with ample depth of water. Navigation was prohibited for large- raft vessels on account of the variable depths and unsafe conditions in stormy weather. 1 In addition to this amount $100,000 of contributed funds were expended on this work. 2 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 8 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS N TD I.ARBORS-wILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT. 361 Previous project.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, and provided for obtaining and maintaining by dredging for a period of five years a channel through the inlet 12 feet deep at mean low water and 300 feet wide, the ques- tion of continuing the improvement to be then determined in the light of the commerce developed. The project was completed in 1916. The amount expended upon the previous project prior to the adoption of the existing project (on which no expenditure has been made) was $226,496.89 for new work and $177,741.07 for mainte- nance, a total of $404,237.96. Existing project.-This provides for obtaining and maintaining by dredging an entrance channel 20 feet deep at mean low water and 400 feet wide. The length of channel included in the project is 1 mile. The mean range of tide is 4 feet. The extreme range of tide, due to ocean storms, is very great, but its full extent is not known. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1922, is $240,000, and the latest (1922) estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $50,000. It is provided in the project that should the channel at any time have a deleterious effect on the Atlantic City beach, work upon the improve- ment may cease, it being understood that the project is adopted on 'the basis that the interests of the beach in front of the city are supe- rior to those of the inlet. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922. (H. Doc. No. 375, 67th Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map is contained in the Annual Report for 1887, page 818. Recommended modifications of project.-None. ,dertook Local cooperation.-Authoritiesof Atlantic City voluntarily un- some experimental work of harrowing the crest of the bar with a view of deepening the channel, but without any definite re- sults. Extensive improvements have been made to the inner harbor by the city authorities. Terminal facilities.-There are eight wharves served by this im- provement, of which one is of concrete and seven are of pile and ,owned timber construction. One is Government owned, six are privately and open to the general public use upon payment of moderate wharfage, and one is publicly owned. Three of the wharves have ,direct railroad connection. There is also a continuous line of piers or landing places for pleasure craft on both sides of the large basins which indent the south shore of the inner channel. An additional basin and municipal wharf have recently been provided at Atlantic City. There are three shipyards at this locality; also three marine railways. The facilities are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, ,66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The inlet is now open to navigation, but owing to the effect of storms and natural conditions promoting shoaling, continuous dredging is required to maintain project depth. 'This improvement provides at present facilities for the entrance of a large number of pleasure boats and fishing craft. Completion of the project will permit the establishment of a steamship line con- necting with New York and other points, resulting in a material increase of water-borne freight to Atlantic City. No effect on freight rates is known. 362 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Operations and results during fiscal year.--The dredge Absecon worked on the bar from March 1 to June 30, removing 152,727 cubic yards of sand from the channel. The dredge was employed in other localities or undergoing complete repairs during the remainder of the year. The storehouse, which was destroyed by fire on February 17, 1922, was rebuilt between August 24 and October 5, 1922, at a con- tract cost of $3,127.40. The expenditures, including office expenses and inspections, were $56,259.58, for maintenance of previous project.. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done and no money expended on the existing project. The controlling depth on June 30, 1923, was about 10 feet at mean low water on the crest of the bar. The expenditures were $40,828.11 for maintenance of the pre- vious project. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds to payment of outstanding liabilities, and in dredging to project dimensions with the U. S. dredge Absecon, and such addi- tional dredges as may be obtainable, including general repairs to the dredges and maintenance of the dredge depot, as follows: Payment of outstanding liabilities ---------------------------- $8, 000. 00 Operation of U. S. dredge Absecon, 10 months, at $7,000---------- 70, 000. 00 Annual repairs to the dredge---------------- --------------- 11, 000. 00 Repairs to bulkhead and dredge depot-------------------------9, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies------------------ 11, 364. 34 Total------- ------------------------------------ 09 364. 34 The available funds will probably be exhausted June 30, 1924. The amount which can be profitably expended in the fiscal year: 1925 will be applied to improvement work, as follows: Dredging under existing project by Government plant, operated by hired labor, 600,000 cubic yards, at 24 cents------------------- $144, 000 Engineering and contingencies--------------------------------- 4, 000 Total --------------------------------------------- 148, 000 Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 3 to 7 feet. The general character of the commerce for the year was: fish, oysters, and gasoline. Comparative statement. Calendar Short Value. Passen- Calendar Short Passen- year. tons. gers. year. tons. gers. 1918.......... 11,670 $1, 036, 600 1 150, 000 1921........ 5, 639 $534, 844 1 158, 000) 1919.......... 3, 743 494, 984 1 150, 000 1922........... 4, 054 18, 049 1 300, 000 1920.......... 3, 605 414, 387 1 150, 000 1 Approximate. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $63,793.19: New work------------------------------ ------------ $22, 496. 89 Maintenance --------------------- 218, 569. 18 Net total expended-- --- --- --- 445, 066. 07 Total appropriations to date of this report--------- 554, 4301 41 RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT. 363 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.............. ............. ...................... Expended for maintenance 1.$... 23, 251.79 $15, 948.44 $15, 815.90 $76, 226.27 $56, 259.58 Appropriated or allotted......... 20,000.00 ............... 19,000.00 93, 500.00 92,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------------------- ---------- $58, 192. 45 Amount allotted from War Department -appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923------------------ ------------------------- 92, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 -- - _______----- 15, 431. 47 165, 623. 92 1 June 30, - 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - - 56, 259. 58 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------ ---------------------- 109, 364. 34 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-------______________ 8,000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available__---__________ 101, 364. 34 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -------------------------- 48, 000. 00 1------------ Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work --------------------------------- 148, 000. 00 12. ABSECON CREEK, N. J. Location and description.-This creek rises in and flows easterly 5 miles through Atlantic County, N. J., emptying into Absecon Bay about 5 miles northwest of Atlantic City. It has a drainage area of about 26 square miles. No information is available as to the dis- charge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 3 miles. The width at the mouth is 280 feet and at Absecon 80 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 376.) Original condition.-The channel was tortuous, obstructed by nu- merous shoals and near its head by ruins of an old dam. There was an available low-water depth of 1 foot across Absecon Bay and 34 feet in the creek. The minimum usable low-water depth was six- tenths of a foot. The head of navigation is the fixed highway bridge at Absecon, a distance of about 2 miles from the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 5 feet deep at mean low water 80 feet wide from deep water in Absecon Bay across the flats to the mouth of the creek, a distance of 1 mile, thence 50 feet wide to the highway bridge at Absecon village, a farther distance of 2 miles, including a turning basin at the head of navigation. The mean range of tide is 4 feet. The extreme range of tide is from 1 foot below mean low water to about 1 foot above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1911, is $15,000. The latest (1911) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,600. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 71, 62d Cong., 1st sess.). The latest pub- lished map is in that document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. i Not deducting receipts from 2 Exclusie of avilale funds. sales, etc. 364 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIY, 1923. Terminal facilities.-There are four pile and timber wharves and: landings on this stream, three of which are privately and one pub-- licly owned, but all open to public use. None have direct railroad connections. The facilities are adequate for existing commerce... (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652,. 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-At the completion of the project the channel was navigable for deeper draft vessels at all stages of the tide, but rapid shoaling makes frequent dredging for maintenance, necessary, in order to provide a permanent channel and allow free. movement of vessels. No effect on freight rates is known. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No operations were in progress and no expenditures were made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1913. The controlling depth on June 30, 1923, was- 31 feet across: Absecon Bay outside the mouth and 4 feet within the creek to Absecon, with a variable width of channel. The total expenditures; were $11,934.96 for new work and $12,696.14 for maintenance, a total of $24,631.10. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance for this improve- ment, $68.90, will be expended prior to June 30, 1924, for office expenses and collection of commercial statistics. The sum of $10,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925 for maintenance, as follows: Dredging by U. S. dredge Mantua, two months, at $4,500--------------$9, 0001 Engineering and contingencies 000 1------------------- Total 000 1-------------------- No work has been done on this improvement since the fiscal year 1920; hence the amount required for maintenance exceeds the aver- age for the past five years by reason of accumulation of maintenance work required. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 3 to 7 feet. The general character of the commerce for the calendar year was oysters, clams, fertilizer material, and oyster shells. The decrease in tonnage was principally in the item of fertilizer mate- rial. The valuation is lower on account of lower prices obtained for- oysters. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918...................... 8,952 $245,985 1921............ ...... ... 9,100 $267,175 1919 ...................... 8, 950 234,900 1922............ .... .. 6, 823 221,640 1920..................... 8,837 274,512 Financial summvary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work-------------- ---------------------------- $11, 934. 96 Maintenance----------------------------- ------------ 12, 696. 14 Net total expended------- ------------------------ 24, 631. 10 Total appropriations to date of this report --------------------- 24, 700. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT. 365 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.............................................. Expended for maintenance ...... $53.34 $7,879.00 $27.14 $37.77 ........... Appropriated or allotted......... 3,000.00 3, 500.00 .. ........ .................. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-------------------------------$68. 90 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_------------------------__- 68. 90 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance________________-- - - - -___ 110, 000. 00 13. TUCKERTON CREEK, N. J. Location and description.-This creek rises in Ocean County, N. J., flows southeasterly 3 miles, and empties into Little Egg Harbor about 8 miles north of Little Egg Inlet. The drainage area is 14 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 2 miles. The width at the mouth is 120 feet and at Tuckerton 50 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1108.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow and tortuous and obstructed by a broad bar outside the mouth, over which there was an available channel depth of about 2 feet. Inside the mouth were numerous shoals with available channel depths ranging from 4 to 1 feet. The minimum usable low-water depth was 1.2 feet. The waterway was navigable for small boats as far as Tuckerton mill- dam, a distance of 2 miles, but moderate-draft vessels were detained at the mouth awaiting high water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep at mean low water, 80 feet wide from the head of Marchelder Channel in Little Tuckerton Bay, about 1J miles to the mouth of the creek; thence up the creek, 75 feet wide, 1 mile to Parkers Landing; thence 60 feet wide five-eighths mile to West Tuckerton Landing; thence 5 feet deep at mean low water and 60 feet wide three-eighths mile to just ao ove Scow Landing; and thence 3 feet deep at mean low water and 40 feet wide one-eighth mile to the milldam at Tuckerton. The length of the section included in the project is about 31 miles. The mean range of tide throughout the creek is 2J feet. The extreme range of tide, due to winds, is from 1 foot below mean low water to 1 foot above mean high water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1900, is $61,380. No estimate for annual maintenance has been made. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902 (H. Doc. No. 274, 56th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, substituted for the channel from the mouth of the creek to Gaunts Point a channel from the mouth of the creek across Little Tuckerton Bay to the head of Marchelder Chan- nel. The latest published map is in House Document No. 1040, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Consent by the owner of property at the mouth of the stream was given to the cutting off of the point of land. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 366 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Terminal facilities.-There are 12 wharves of, ordinary pile and timber construction, of which 4 are public and 1 privately owned, open to the free public use. There are also 7 private landings suit- able for oyster trade. The wharves have indirect connection with the railroad. The wharfage facilities are adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doe. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Navigation is permitted at all stages of tide, thereby facilitating the movement of freight boats. No effect on freight rates is known. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No operations were in progress. A contract for dredging about 16,000 cubic yards from the channel within the creek was entered into May 28, 1923. The expenditures for office expenses, an examination of the channel, and a portion of the repairs to the U. S. pipe-line dredge Mantua were $1,219.05, for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.--About 97 per cent of the project has been completed. The remaining portion is the widening of the channel at the mouth to project dimensions. The controlling depth on June 30, 1923, was 4 feet from outside the mouth to Scow Land- ing, and thence 21 feet to Tuckerton. The total expenditures were $59,742.16 for new work and $34,888.08 for maintenance, a total of $94,630.24. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended balance to dredging under contract within the creek, inspection of same, office expenses, and collection of commercial statistics, as follows : Dredging 16,000 cubic yards, at 54 cents--------------------$8, 640..00 Engineering and contingencies 09. 76 6-------------------- Total---- ------- ------------------------------ 9, 249. 76 The funds will probably be exhausted prior to June 30, 1924. The sum of $7,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925 for dredging, under contract, for maintenance of the chan- nel outside the mouth, and for completing the project by widening the channel at the mouth, in accordance with the following estimate: Dredging 10,000 cubic yards, at 60 cents -------------------- $6, 000 Superintendence and contingencies --- _---------------------1, 000 Total ------------ --------------------------------- 7, 000 Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 4 to 8 feet. The general character of the commerce was oysters, clams, fish, fertilizer, oyster shells, lumber, rope, gasoline, coal, steel, and farm produce. There was a general increase in the quantities of commodities formerly handled, and several commodities were re- ported which have not been previously included in the commerce on this stream. Comparative statement. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT. 367 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1928 New work ------------------------------------------ $59, 742. 16 Maintenance ----.----------- 34, 888. 08 Net total expended -------------- ------------------- 94, 630. 24 Total appropriations to date of this report --.. .- 103, 880. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.................................. ......................... Expended for maintenance...... $205.10 $9,734. 00 42. 25 $49.84 $1, 219.05 Appropriated or allotted......... 5,000.00 ............ 500.00 10,000.00 ............. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--_______ ___-----------------$10, 468. 81 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance, 1, 219. 05 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----- ---. -----. 9, 249. 76 Amount, (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -------------------------------- 640. 00 1----- 11, Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work---------------- ------- --------------- 1, 640. 00 For maintenance -------- ----- ------ - --------- 5, 360. 00 Total - --------.--.------------ ----------- - 17, 000. 00 14. TOMS RIVER, N. J. Location and description.-This river rises in Ocean County, N. J., flows easterly 19 miles, and empties into Barnegat Bay, about 11 miles north of Barnegat Inlet. The drainage area is 166 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 10i miles. At the lower end of the project the width is 1,000 feet, and at the two: bridges over the Forks near the village of Toms River, 50 feet and 75 feet, respec- tively. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1108.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow and obstructed by numerous shoals in the upper section. The controlling depth was 5 feet for 4 miles, and 21 feet to the village of Toms River, the head of navigation, 5 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 5 feet deep at mean low water, 100 feet wide from deep water in the river up to the Forks, a distance of 2,900 feet, and thence the full widths of the two branches, respectively, 400 feet and 600 feet, to the bridges at Toms River. The length of the section included in the project is about 3,500 feet, and the lower end is about 4J miles from the mouth. The mean range of tide is about 6 inches; the extreme tidal range is about 18 inches. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1907, is $10,050. The latest (1907) approved estimate for annual cost of 2Exclusive of available funds. 61637--ENG 1923----24 368 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 346, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1891, page 1116. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 7 wharves and 2 marine railways on this river, of which 5 wharves are of pile and timber and 2 of concrete construction. Six wharves are publicly and 1 privately owned. The latter is open to public use upon payment of moderate wharfage. ' There is indirect railroad connection with several of the wharves. The wharfage facilities are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Increased transportation facilities are af- forded, resulting in a large increase of traffic, particularly of pleas- ure craft and passenger business. No effect on freight rates is known. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No operations were in progress. The expenditures for office expenses and inspections were $226.55, for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1911. The controlling depth at mean low water on June 30, 1923, was 5 feet in the North and South Forks and from their junction to the mouth. The total expenditures were $10,050 for new work and $4,000 for maintenance, a total of $14,050. Proposed operations.-There are no funds available for this river. The sum of $10,000 can be profitably expended for this improve- ment for the fiscal year 1925, as follows: Maintenance dredging by U. S. dredge Mantua, 2 months, at $4,500, --- $9, 000 Engineering and contingencies_---_1---------------------- 1, 000 Total ------- ------------------------------------ 10, 000 Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 3 to 8 feet. The general character of the commerce for the calendar year consisted of building materials, coal, groceries, and miscellane- ous merchandise. There was a general reduction in the prices of the commodities handled. Comparative statement. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. year. year. 1918........ 1, 860 $202, 150 22, 800 1921............ 1, 266 $186, 970 24, 521 1919 .... 1, 856 199, 885 22,135 1922.......... 1,150 162, 250 22,914 1920.... 1, 318 191, 840 25, 678 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $8.25: New work __ $10, 050.00 Maintenance------------------------------------------ 4, 000. 00 Net total expended-...... ----- ------ 14, 050. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report-- --------- - -14, 050. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT. 369 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 . 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............................... ..... Expended for maintenance 1.... $45.22 $3,193.57 $127.17 $126.55 $226.55 Appropriated or allotted........ 2, 000. 00 .. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended __..-___-_--_-_____ - __-- $226. 55 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 226. 55 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance_ __.._____------____---_ 10, 000. 00 15. CHESTER RIVER, PA. Location and description.-This river rises in Chester County, Pa., flows southeasterly 22 miles, and empties into the Delaware River at the city of Chester, Pa. The drainage area is 67 square miles. No information is available as to the discharge of this stream. The length of the tidal reach is about 4 miles. At the mouth the high and low water widths are 100 feet and 75 feet, respectively. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 376.) Original condition.-The entrance was obstructed by a bar of soft material, over which there was a channel depth of 4 feet at mean low water. Inside the entrance the waterway was navigable for large craft of 6 feet draft as far as the fixed bridge at Third Street, a distance of 1,600 feet above the mouth. Navigation was limited to barges upstream from the low, fixed bridge to Upland, a farther dis- tance of about 2 miles. The minimum usable depth was 3 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881. Resumption of the work of main- tenance was authorized by Congress in the river and harbor act of July 27, 1916. The amount expended on previous projects prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1919), was $6,062.98, $6,000 being for new work and $62.98 for maintenance. For scope of previous projects see page 430, Annual Report for 1918. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep at mean low water and 60 feet wide from the Delaware River to the Phila- delphia & Reading Railroad bridge, and thence 50 feet wide to Sec- ond Street Bridge, Chester, Pa. The length of the section included in the project is about 1,000 feet. The mean range of tide is 6 feet and the extreme range is about 10 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1911, is $3,600, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1911) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $550. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 677, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in that document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are 13 wharves on this stream, one of which is of concrete construction and open to public use; the others 370 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. are of pile and timber construction, privately owned, and are open to public use upon the payment of moderate wharfage. They are indirectly connected with two railroad lines. The terminal facilities are adequate for -existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-No work has been done on the existing project and no information is. available as to the effect of the im- provement under the previous project, which was completed in 1883. Operations and results dwring fiscal year.--No operations were in progress. The expenditure for office expenses and inspections, amounting to $52.87, was for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The previous project was com- pleted in 1883. No dredging has been done under the existing project. The controlling depth June 30, 1923, was about 51 feet. The total expenditures were $233.02 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the available funds to dredging for maintenance and improvement in one operation by hired labor with Government plant, in accordance with the follow- ing estimate: Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Bob Morris, two months, at $2,400 per month --------------------------------------- $4, 800. 00 Engineering and contingencies--------------------------------- 304. 26 Total ---------------------------------------------- 5, 104. 26 The available funds will be practically exhausted prior to June 30, 1924, but as shoaling is slow, no additional funds are required for the fiscal year 1925. Commercial statistics.--The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 3 to 8 feet. The general character of commerce for the calendar year was coal, farm produce, and road materials. The decrease in tonnage and value was due principally to a decline in the receipts of coal. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918................-.. 11,824 $266,161 1921...... ................ 9, 673 $191, 269 1919.................... 100,738 947 776, 1922...................... 6,151 118,886 20,178 1920......................... 283,177 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work---------------------- -------------------------- $6, 00000. 00 Maintenance--- -------------- ------ ------ 296. 00 Net total expended- ---------------- 6, 296. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 11, 400. 26 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.......................... .............................. Expended for maintenance... $13.12 $146.06 $13.49 $20.60 $52. 87 Appropriated or allotted......... 3,600. 00 .............. . . .......... 5,000.00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT. 371 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended__ ------------------ $157. 13 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923___ ------------------------------------------------ 5, 000. 00 5,157. 13 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance- 52. 87 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -- - - -___ ____--- 5, 104. 26 16. WILMINGTON HARBOR, DEL. Location and description.-This harbor is formed by the Chris- tiana River, which rises in New Castle County, Del., flows north- easterly 16 miles, passing through the city of Wilmington, Del., and empties into the Delaware River about 29 miles below Philadelphia, Pa. The drainage area is about 523 square miles. The mean tidal discharge at low-water stages at the mouth, from observations made in 1895, is 6,794 second-feet, and the mean tidal discharge at high- water stages at the same locality is 7,760 second-feet. The length of the tidal reach is about 16 miles. At the mouth and at Christiana village the high-water widths are 1,000 feet and 60 feet; the low- water widths at the same points are 750 feet and 50 feet. About 1j miles above its mouth it is joined by the Brandywine River, which is navigable for about a mile. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 376.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow and irregular, ob- structed by a bar at the mouth and by numerous shoals within the river. The available low-water depth was not sufficient for large draft commercial boats, which made it necessary to await high tide. The channel depth at the mouth was 8 feet at mean low water; at the pulp works, about 4 miles above the mouth, 71 feet; at Newport, about 9 miles above the mouth, 51 feet; and at Christiana village, the head of navigation, 15 miles above the mouth, about 2 feet. Previous projects.--Work was done on the Christiana River from 1836 to 1838. The original project was adopted by act of July 11, 1870, and modified by acts of March 3, 1881, and July 5, 1884. The amount expended on previous projects prior to the adoption of the existing project (expenditures on which began in 1897) was $402,- 121.21 for new work. For scope of previous projects see page 1785 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a harbor at the mouth of the river with an entrance channel 25 feet deep at mean low water and 400 feet wide, an inner basin of the same depth approximately 4,400 feet long, and averaging 600 feet in width, or about 70 acres in area, and extending upstream from the entrance channel at the mouth of the river to the Lobdell Canal. From the Lobdell Canal the chan- nel extends upstream 21 feet deep at mean low water and 250 feet wide to the mouth of the Brandywine River, a distance of 1.6 miles from the mouth of the Christiana, thence 200 feet wide to the pulp works, 4 miles above the mouth, thence decreasing to a depth of 10 feet to the Philadelphia, Baltimore & Washington Railroad bridge No. 4, thence decreasing to a depth of 7 feet and a width of 100 feet to Newport, Del., 8 miles above the mouth; the construction of two jetties at the mouth of the Christiana River and one at the mouth of 372 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. the Brandywine River. The United Stakes is to construct a new south jetty, the necessary dolphins, and to remove the old south jetty. Local interests are to construct a new north-side bulkhead along the 25-foot basin. The section included in the project is about 9 miles long, including about 1,800 feet outside the mouth. The mean range of tide is 6 feet at the mouth and 5.4 feet at Newport. The extreme range of tide is from 2 feet below mean low water to 31 feet above mean high water. The estimate of cost of the 25-foot section of the channel, made in 1921, is $630,000, including construction of new south jetty, neces- sary dolphins, and removal of old south jetty (estimate for entire project, as revised in 1922, $1,106,625) and $206,250 for the proposed north side bulkhead to be constructed by local interests. The ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance (1921) is $65,000, with the proviso that one-half of any amount found necessary over $65,000, up to $100,000, and all of any additional sum required for maintenance above $100,000 shall be paid by local interests. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, as modified by the act of March 3, 1899, provided for depths of 21, 10, and 7 feet .and for the jetties (H. Doc. No. 66, 54th Cong., 1st sess.; Annual Report for 1896, p. 973; and Annual Report for 1897, p. 1250) ; the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the purchase or construction of a dredge and auxili- aries, including a wharf and depot, for maintenance of the project (H. Doc. No. 359, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) ; and the act of September 22, 1922, provided for the entrance channel and basin 25 feet deep and construction of new south jetty (H. Doc. No. 114, 67th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map of the entire harbor is in House Document N1o. 66, Fifty-fourth Congress, first session. A map of the 25-foot section of the harbor is published in House Document No. 114, Sixty-seventh Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.--"The port of Wilmington," by Frederick W. Hersey, published in the January, 1923, issue of The World's Markets. Local cooperation.-By an act of the Delaware State Legislature passed March 9, 1901, the city of Wilmington was authorized to contribute toward the improvement of Wilmington Harbor to the amount of 10 per cent of the United States Government appropria- tion to an aggregate not exceeding $60,000. This amount has been contributed. The river and harbor act approved September 22, 1922, requires that the city of Wilmington, or other local agency, furnish evidence satisfactory to the Secretary of War that it will construct, at its own expense, the proposed north side bulkhead along the 25-foot basin, estimated to cost $206,250, to pay toward maintenance of the 25-foot project and the remaining part of the 21-foot project one-half of any amount found necessary over $65,000, up to $100,000, and all of any additional sum required for maintenance above $100,000. These conditions have been met by local interests, the approval of the Secretary of War having been given March 29, 1923. RIVERS AND HARBORS--WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT. 373 Terminal facilities.-A marine terminal to serve ocean and coast- wise vessels has recently been constructed by the harbor commission of Wilmington. It consists of a concrete quay wall about 1,200 feet long, with warehouses and freight-handling devices. It is directly connected with all railroads entering the city. There is also a prac- tically continuous series of wharves or terminals on both sides of the Christiana River from the plant of the American Car & Foundry Co. to the Jessup & Moore Paper Co., a total length of about 2 miles. The harbor facilities consist of wharves, marine railways, dry docks, shipyards, and terminal warehouses equipped with handling appli- ances. With the exception of one masonry and five concrete, all the wharves served by this improvement are of pile and timber construc- tion. Some of the wharves are public and open to general public use; some are public, but leased by periods by private concerns and used exclusively by them; some are private and open to all on equal terms; some are privately owned and used exclusively; and one is owned by the United States and used in connection with dredge depot. Many of the wharves or terminals have direct railroad and transfer facilities. The facilities are adequate for existing com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The transportation of water-borne freight of all classes at rates slightly less than by rail has been facilitated. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The dredge Minquas was employed the entire year in maintaining the channel, except during the time lost due to weather conditions and in making repairs to the dredging plant. Operations consisted chiefly in dredging the channel of the Christiana River between the mouth and the Pennsyl- vania Railroad bridge No. 3. Mud, sand, and silt amounting to 680,557 cubic yards, estimated bin measurement, were dredged and redeposited through a pipe line on the lowlands along the river. The depths made varied from 15 to 21 feet at mean low water. The dredge Absecon removed 57,155 cubic yards of mud from the channel at the mouth between October 5 and November 16, 1922. A contract was entered into June 27, 1923, for dredging the 25- foot channel and basin at the mouth, on which operations have not yet begun. The expenditures during the fiscal year, which included a propor- tion of the cost of operating the district repair shops, were $143,- 603.10 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project of 1896 was com- pleted in 1901. The present modification of this project was adopted in 1922, and no work has been done on the 25-foot portion of the project. The controlling depth at mean low water on June 30, 1923, from Delaware River to the Harlan plant of the Bethlehem Ship- building Corporation was 16.8 feet; thence to the pulp works, 14 feet, and thence to Newport, 4.5 feet. The total expenditures under the existing project from United States funds were $443,651.63 for new work and $1,264,235.37 for maintenance, a total of $1,707,887. In addition, $60,000 was contributed by the city of Wilmington and expended for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended balance to excavating the new 25-foot channel and basin by contract, 374 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. and in maintaining the remainder of the project by hired labor with Government plant, as follows: Improvement; Dredging 25-foot channel and basin, 2,450,000 cubic yards, place measurement, at 14.68 cents_ $359, 660. 00 Engineering and contingencies----------------- 13, 000. 00 $372, 660. 00 Maintenance: Outstanding liabilities ...------------------------ 8, 000, 00 Construction of barge under existing contract___ 7, 000. 00 Construction of quarter-boat hull (part)- ------ 1, 500. 00 Operation of dredge Minquas, 20 months, 3 shifts per day, at $7,000 per mouth-------------.---. 140, 000. 00 Annual repairs to dredge-----------.. ---------- 20, 000. 00 Maintenance of dredge depot, railroad siding, etc_ 23, 000. 00 Operation of dredge Mantua between the pulp works and Newport, DeL., 3 months, at $5,000__ 15,000. 00 Engineering and contingencies ---------------- 24, 059. 60 238, 559. 60 Total------------------------- --------------- --- 611, 219.60 It is expected that these funds will be exhausted by March 31, 1925. The additional sum of $100,000 can be profitably expended for maintenance during the fiscal year 1925, as follows: Operation of dredge Minquas in 21-foot section of channel, 3 months, at $7,000-.,7-- - -- $21, 000 Annual repairs to dredge--.... ______--------_-- 10, 000 Maintenance of dredge depot----------------------------------- 10, 000 Maintenance of 25-foot channel and basin..---. - 53, 000 Engineering and contingencies-__, ----------------------------- 000 Total----------------------------------------------------00, 000 Commercial statistics.--The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 5 to 25 feet. The principal items of commerce for the calendar year were chemicals, coal, dry goods, gravel, general merchandise, leather, minerals, oils, hides, pulp wood, and sand. The increase was prin- cipally in items of high unit value. Comparatisve statement. Calendar year. Short tons... Vau.. Value PCalers gr dar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918.......... 532,225$169,078 945 3341,041 1921......... 463, 408 $222,800, 144 1,779, 586 1919 ...........23,473 242,107 391 3,336,690 1922.......... 625,961 353, 822, 588 2, 201,014 1920.......... 663462 244,183,72 2,042,537 Financialsumrnmary. Amount expended on all projects. to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2,689.40: New work---------------------------------------- $845, 772. 84 Maintenance------------------------------------ 1,264, 235. 37 Net total expended ...,-.-......... 2,110,008. 21 Total appropriations to date of this report ___,_----.---- 2, 721, 227. 81 1I addition $60,000 of funds contributed by city of Wilmington, Del., were expended on this work. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT. 375 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.... ....... ..... ............................ Expended for maintenance 1..... $53, 332.96 $61, 415.48 $85, 946.47 $96, 331.33 $143, 603. 10 Appropriated or allotted......... 115, 000. 00 78, 000. 00 90, 000. 00 140, 000. 00 620, 000. 00 July 1, 1022, balance unexpended -- ---------------------- $134, 738.28 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923 ------------------------------------------ 600, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922---------------- -------------------------- 20, 000. 00 Receipts from sales. etc., during fiscal year 1923------------------ 84. 42 754, 822. 70 June 30. 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- tenance 1. --- ---------- -------------------------- 143, 603. 10 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------------------------611, 219. 60 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-----------------$8, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts- 366, 660. 00 374, 660. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available ------------------------------ _ 236, 559. 60 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project--------------------------------------- 2 257, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance---------------------------------- 2100, 000. 00 17. INLAND WATERWAY FROM DELAWARE RIVER TO CHESAPEAKE BAY, DEL. AND MD. Location and description.-This waterway, usually known as the Chesapeake & Delaware Canal, comprises at present a short tidal stretch at its Delaware River end, which is 40 miles below Philadel- phia, a slack-water section 4.3 miles long from Delaware City to St. Georges, with a level 7.6 feet above mean low water in Delaware River, a slack-water section 9.3 miles long from St. Georges to Chesa- peake City, Md., with a level 17.6 feet above mean low water at Dela- ware River, and a tidal section 4.2 miles long from Chesapeake City to the junction of Back Creek and Elk River. The total length of the slack-water sections is 13.6 miles and of the tidal sections about 4.3 miles. The drainage area of the slack-water section is about 40 square miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 376.) Original condition.-Prior to the adoption of the existing project, which marked the initiation of the work of improvement by the United States, this waterway was: private property, which was opened to navigation as a toll canal on July 4, 1829. The locks, originally 100 feet in length and 22 feet in width, were later enlarged to their present dimensions. The total original cost of the canal was $2,250,000, of which $450,000 was paid by the United States, $100,000 by the State of Pennsylvania, $50,000 by the State of Maryland, $25,000 by the State of Delaware, and the remainder by citizens of the three States. The work of construction was done by the Chesa- LNot deducting receipts from sailes, etc 2 Exluspive oft availabe funds. 376 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. peake & Delaware Canal Co. The minimum usable depth at mean low water was and is 10 feet, and the controlling width 24 feet, which is determined by the width of the locks. The channel generally has a depth of 10 feet, a bottom width of 36 feet, and a surface width of 66 feet at full-pond level. The waterway was navigable for steamers and other craft drawing 9 feet for its full length of 17.9 miles. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the purchase of the Chesa- eake & Delaware Canal at a cost to the United States not exceeding 2,514,289.70 and its enlargement, following the present route except for about 1 mile at the eastern end, to a sea-level canal 12 feet deep at' mean low water and 90 feet wide, with an approach at the Dela- ware River end 150 feet wide, protected by two jetties; a channel in Back Creek 12 feet deep at mean low water and 150 feet wide, includ- ing the elimination of sharp bends; and a branch channel 12 feet deep at mean low water and 36 feet wide, following the old route at the eastern end; the whole to be completed with the least interference possible with existing traffic. The mean range of tide at Delaware City, Del., is 6 feet and at Chesapeake City, Md., 2 feet. The extreme range of tide is from 2 feet above mean high water to 2 feet below mean low water. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1923, is $9,500,000. The locations, dimensions, etc., of the three locks are as follows: Location ...................... Delaware City, Del.... St. Georges, Del....... Chesapeake City, Md. Distance from Delaware River.. 0 miles ............. 5 miles .............. 14 miles. Dimensions of locks: Length................... 220 feet............... 220 feet............... 220 feet. Width..................... 24 feet............... 24 feet................ 24 feet. Lift .................. . 7.6 feet ............... 10 feet ............. 15.6 feet. Character of foundation......... Unknown............ Unknown............ Unknown. Type of construction........... Masonry .............. Masonry ........... Masonry. 1 Cost ........................... Unknown 1.......... Unknown 1........... Unknown. 1 The locks and all other appurtenances of the canal property were included in the purchase price. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 196, 63d Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is found in Senate Document No. 215, Fifty-ninth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-"The Chesapeake & Delaware Canal," by Brig. Gen. J. P. Jervey, United States Army, retired, published in the Military Engineer, issue for January-February, 1921. Local cooperation.-In the construction of the original canal a total of $1,800,000 was expended from the funds furnished by the States of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, and by the citizens of these States. A large amount of the work of excavation accom- plished with this expenditure will be useful in the construction of the new canal. It is not possible, however, now to estimate its ac- tual value. Terminal facilities.-These consist of practically continuous bulk- heads on both sides of the canal through the towns of Delaware City, St. Georges, and Chesapeake City, a small pier at Lorewood Grove, an extension of the fender at Maryland Pivot Bridge used RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT. 377 as a wharf, and a number of small landings for pleasure boats. Freight stations are maintained at Delaware City, St. Georges, and Chesapeake City by the Baltimore & Philadelphia Steamboat Co. There are no wharfage charges. The facilities are adequate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-Improvement has not progressed far enough to have any effect on commerce. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Work in progress at the beginning of the fiscal year under contract for dry excavation on the north side of the canal between the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge and Summit Highway Bridge was continued and completed March 30, 1923. The contractor removed 275,933 cubic yards of sand, gravel, loam, clay, and stones. Dredging was begun December 10, 1922, under contract for exca- vating to'project dimensions between Summit Bridge and Guthries Run. The contractor had removed 886,028 cubic yards of sand, gravel, loam, clay, and stones at the end of the fiscal year. Other work during the year consisted in the preparation of plans for the construction of highway bridges over the canal, acquisition of land for right of way, and miscellaneous surveying. The expen- ditures for excavation were $274,600.17, and for all other activities $168,864.61, a total of $443,464.78, for new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-About 35 per cent of the project has been completed. This represents the purchase of the canal and a portion of the land needed for its enlargement, miscellaneous pre- liminary work, and excavation of 1,536,952 cubic yards of material from the Deep Cut. The remainder includes all other provisions for improvement under the existing project. For controlling depths and widths see Original condition. The total expenditures, including $2,514,289.70, the purchase price of the canal, were $3,244,713.29 for new work. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended bal- ance in accordance with the following estimate: Dredging 4,906,487 cubic yards of material under existing con- tract, at 24.53 cents per cubic yard------------------------ $1, 203, 561. 26 Design of bridges under existing contract---------------------- 20, 000. 00 Construction of barge under existing contract (one-half) -----. 3, 500. 00 Outstanding liabilities ------------------------------------ 17, 500. 00 Acquisition of land for enlarged canal------------------------74, 000. 00 Excavation. of 6,200,000 cubic yards of material by contract at 20 cents per cubic yard _ 240, 000. 00 1------------------------------ Construction of about 2,580 linear feet of jetties, at $130-------- 335, 400. 00 Construction of highway bridges (part) --------------------- 250, 000. 00 Construction of trestle on road across Lums Dam disposal area_ 50, 000. 00 Surveys, engineering, and contingencies-- .--------------------- 61, 325. 45 3, 255, 286. 71 These funds will probably be exhausted or obligated by contracts by June 30, 1924. The additional sum of $1,500,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925, as follows: Dredging by contract--------- ------------------------------ $400,000 Continuation of work on highway bridges----------------------500, 000 Removal of old locks--__ ----------------------------- 200, 000 Drainage ditches ----------------------------------- 15, 000 Drops for entering streams ------------------------------- 10, 000 378 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Mooring dolphins ------------------------------------------ $20, 000, Wharves--------------------------------------- 90, 000 Cleaning up, trimming and sodding banks, and planting shrubs------ 100, 000 Engineering and contingencies------------------------------- 165, 000' 1, 500, 000 Commercial statistics.--The usual draft of loaded vessels is from 5 to 9 feet. The principal items of commerce for the year were acids, coal, fertilizers, grain, lumber, mine props, pulpwood, tomatoes, sugar, metals, and general merchandise. The increase was general in all commodities handled. Comparative statement. CalendarShort tons. Value. Passengers. alendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. year. year. 1918.......... 729186 $73,000, 836 (1) 1921.......... 489, 664 6,197, 828 55, 874 1919 ........ 363 510 15, 629,975 (1) 1922.......... 797390 48, 358, 613 43, 268 1920.......... 481,113 42,96925 22,156 1 Not reported. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $13,002.80: New work------------------------ $3, 244, 713. 29 1VAni~+c~nr,, r ivainLenanceLu. --- - - - - - - - -- - Total appropriations to date of this report ------ -__-6, 500, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ .......... $2, 582, 979. 50 $58, 848.03 $172, 423.78 $443, 464. 78 Expended for maintenance....... ............................ ...... Appropriated or allotted........$3,000,000.00 ............ . '......... 2,500,000.00" 1,000,000.0( 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended_ ..-.. -------- $2, 698, 751. 49 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923-------- --------------- -- ------- 1, 000, 000. 00 3, 698, 751.49 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work --------------------------------------- 443,464. 78 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------- 3, 255, 286. 71 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------------- $104, 200. 00 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts L _r. _______---------- 180.970.00 --------- -- 1, 285, 170. 00 July 1, 1923, balance avalale---- -- - - 1, 970, 116. 71 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project_- i 3, 000, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work---------------------------- 1, 500,000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT. 379 -18. OPERATING AND CARE OF INLAND WATERWAY FROM DELAWARE RIVER TO CHESAPEAKE BAY, DEL. AND MD. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms the project for inland waterway from Delaware River to Chesapeake Bay, DeL and Md. See pages 375 to 378, where gen- eral information regarding the improvement can be found. The to $722,000 for new work and $20,000 for annual maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts. The act of March 2, 1907, authorized the general project (H. Doc. No. 640, 59th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the acts of March 3, 1909, and February 27, 1911, authorized the Secretary of War to make such changes in the location of the channel as might be desirable; the act of July 25, 1912, authorized the purchase of the so-called Hanson' Canal, between Bayou Teche and Cote Blanche Bays, at a cost not to exceed $65,000. The latest published map is printed opposite page 2250 of the Annual Report for 1914. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The project provides that rights of way for the canal be furnished to the United States free of cost, with the exception of the Hanson Canal. Strips of land 300 feet wide were deeded to the United States for the canal, from Vermilion Bay to Grand Lake, and accepted by the department March 13, 1909. Terminal facilities.-This improvement comprises a system of artificial canals and natural waterways passing through an isolated marsh section of the State, and there are no existing facilities for handling freight along the route. There are, however, facilities on Bayou Teche, Vermilion River, and Mermentau River, which con- nect directly with this waterway. For a description of the facilities along these streams, see reports for the streams proper. The facili- ties are considered adequate for the existing commerce. Effect of improvement.--A safe route, without exposure to dan- gers of Gulf navigation, has been provided for vessels operating the. Vermilion-Mermentau section. The through waterway is not yet completed, but the completed portion serves a section heretofore without any means of access to railroads. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-General supervision over the waterway was exercised. In April and May, 1923, the U. S.. dredge Delatour restored the project dimensions where necessary be- tween the western end of Vermilion Bay and the Mermentau River, excavation being made to -7 feet on account of the softness of the material and to allow for silting up. The following work was done: Linear Cubic feet. yards. Vermilion Bay, at entrance to Schooner Bayou... ............................. 3,300 33, 226 East end of White Lake............................ ................. 3,400 29, 895. West end of White Lake ....................................................... 2,000 11,911 Across all Alligator Lake................... ................. ................... 2,400 17, 983 East end of Collicon Lake..... ...................................... 1200 7, 585 West end of Collicon Lake.................................................... 2, 300 17, 235 East end of Grand Lake.......... ........... ............................. 1,300 A 8,447 Total............. ........... ................ ............. ... 15,900 126, 282 888 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. No excavation was necessary in Turtle Lake nor in the balance of Grand Lake. The sum of $5,293.79, charged to maintenance, was expended dur- ing the fiscal year as follows: Dredging by U. S. Dredge Delatour ----------------------- $5, 201. 60 Supervision and office expenses---------------------------------92. 19 Total ------------------ ---------------------------- 5, 293. 79 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 24 per cent completed. Teche-Vermilion section: Suit for condemnation of the Hanson Canal has been decided in favor of the United States, but certain procedures are necessary before possession can be taken. Vermilion-Mermentau section: Dredging was completed in 1912; lock and 'dam in Schooner Bayou were completed in 1913 and 1914, respectively, and lockmaster's house in 1917; all of these are in good condition. The resulting dimensions and condition of channel are as fol- lows: Teche-Vermilion section, no channel open to the public; Ver- milion-Mermentau section, 5 by 40 foot bottom width, condition good. The controlling depth at mean low Gulf, on June 30, 1923, was 5 feet, available throughout the year. The work remaining to be done to complete the existing project consists of the acquirement of the Hanson Canal, with the resultant reconstruction of the bridges spanning it, the construction of a new lock and of lockmaster's quarters, and the widening of the Teche-Vermilion section. The total expenditure under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $241,807.14, of which $176,314.31 was for new work and $65,492.83 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the balance unex- pended on July 1, 1923 ($81,984.86) in new work in the acquirement of the Hanson Canal, in construction of a lockmaster's house, and in enlarging a portion of the canal, as follows: Purchase of Hanson Canal------------------------------------$65, 000. 00 Construction of lockmaster's house-------------------------- 10, 000. 00 Enlargement of part of canal to 5 by 40 feet------------------ 6, 984. 86 Total ----------------- --- 81, 984. 86 It is not practicable to state the rate of expenditure of available funds, as this depends upon when possession of the Hanson Canal is taken, but it is expected that they will be exhausted by the end of the fiscal year 1924. The additional sum of $350,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925 to complete the enlargement of the Hanson Canal and to reconstruct the three bridges crossing the canal at the lock, as follows: Balance of enlargement to 5 by 40 feet------------------------ $64, 000 Reconstruction of Southern Pacific bridge-------------------- 160, 000 Reconstruction of Iberia, St. Mary, and Eastern bridge---------- 80, 000 Reconstruction of highway bridge-------------------- -------- 10, 000 Supervision and office expenses---------------------------- 36, 000 Total ---.------------------- - -- -- -- 350, 000 Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT. 889 Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918........... 10; 194 $360, 460 1, 652 1921.......... 5,368 $411,075 6,312 1919.......... .9,761 730 757 5 373 1922......... 4,008 376,054 6,155 1920........... 8,975 842,420 6,345 The tonnage for the calendar year 1922 consisted principally of rice, lumber, fuel oil, and miscellaneous merchandise. The draft of vessels varied from 4 to 5 feet. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,807.66: New work ----------------------------------------- $176, 314. 31 Maintenance _ __ -- - - - - ______- -- 65, 492. 83 Net total expended__________________________ __ 241, 807. 14 Total appropriations to date of this report ----- ______-----323, 792. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........ ................ ..... Expended for maintenance 1.... $8, 227. 12 $7,468. 14 $11, 265.68 $18, 795.20 $5, 293. 79 Appropriated or allotted...... ........... .......... . ... ... .......... .......... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended _________________________ _ $87, 165. 75 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923___ ___________-112. 90 87, 278. 65 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for main- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - tenan.e _ 5, 293. 79 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_----------------------- 81, 984. 86 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities----------------------- 65, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available__________--_--__---------_ 16, 984. 86 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project____._____________.__------ ----------- 463, 700. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work--------------------------------- 350, 000. 00 20. INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY FROM VERMILION RIVER TO SCHOONER BAYOU, LA. (D3.) Location and description.-Thiswaterway extends from Vermilion River to Schooner Bayou, and is a portion of the section of waterway from Franklin to Mermentau, which section is a continuation of the waterway from the Mississippi River to Bayou Teche. It forms a short cut between Vermilion River and Schooner Bayou, about 4 miles in length. The cut-off leaves Vermilion River 221 miles from 1 Not deducting receipts from sal~es, etc. 2 Exclusive of avilble funds. 890 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Abbeville, La., and enters Schooner Bayou 3( miles east of Schooner- Bayou Lock. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1116.) Original condition,--Traffic between Schooner Bayou and the Vermilion River is forced to traverse a shallow arm of Vermilion Bay. The maintenance of a channel through this bay is difficult, the outside route is about 31 miles longer than the proposed route, and traffic is interrupted by storms and unusually low tides, due to northerly winds. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a section of the In- tracoastal Waterway, about 4 mil-s long, from Vermilion River to Schooner Bayou, to a depth of 5 feet below mean low Gulf level with a bottom width of 40 feet, and appropriate side slopes. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide is about 10 inches, and the extreme range about 14 inches. A severe storm may cause a high tide of from 6 to 9 feet. The estimated cost for new work, made in 1913, is $37,500. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,800. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 1336, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, provides that no expense shall be incurred by the United States for acquiring any lands required for the purpose of this improvement. Under the above terms the local interests have granted the United States, free of charge, a right of way 300 feet wide, and have fur- nished deeds and abstracts for the right of way. Terminal facilities.-This improvement pertains to a short cut through the marsh, connecting Vermilion River with Schooner Bayou, and there are no existing facilities for handling freight. This cut-off will form a link in the waterway which connects Ver- milion River with the Mermentau River. For a description of the terminal facilities on the Vermilion and Mermentau Rivers, see ac- companying report for those waterways. The facilities are consid- ered adequate for the existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-This cut-off will be of great benefit to boats passing out of Vermilion River en route to the west, and vice versa, as it will by-pass the rough and shoal waters in Vermilion Bay at the mouths of Vermilion River and Schooner Bayou. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-The U. S. dredge Grossetete worked in this canal from July 1 to November 20, 1922, obtaining full project dimensions from Vermilion River to Bayou Chene, a distance of 18,000 feet. Owing to the softness of the banks between Bayou Chene and Schooner Bayou, a distance of 2,500 feet. the canal could not at that time be completed to full dimensions, and the dredge was withdrawn. In April, 1923, the balance of the canal was completed by the U. S. pipe-line dredge Delatour. A total length of 20,500 feet was completed to the full project dimensions of 5 by 40 feet. Excavation to the amount of 240,054 cubic yards was made, of which 154,323 cubic yards were from the theoretical prism of 5 by 40 feet, with 1 foot overcut. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT. 891 The sum of $23,497.29 was expended for new work during the fiscal year, of which $23,077.82 was for dredging and $419.47 for supervision and office expenses. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed on April 27, 1923, and a waterway 5 by 40 feet now connects Vermilion River with Schooner Bayou, a distance of 3.88 miles. The total amount of excavation in the canal was 415,408 cubic yards, of which :309,623 cubic yards were from the theoretical prism of 5 by 40 feet, with 1 foot overcut. The controlling depth at mean low Gulf on June 30, 1923, was 6 feet. The channel is in excellent condition. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year have been as follows: :Pro rata cost of new hull for Grossetete .. _______-__-----__ $2, 000. 00 Dredging-------- ------------------------------------- 34, 271. 38 Supervision and office expenses --- ---- ,228. 62 1------------ Total -------------- ----------------- __ ------ 37, 500. 00 Proposed operations.--There are no funds available. No additional funds are requested for the fiscal year 1925, as no work is contemplated. Commercial statistics.-This canal was opened to navigation April 27, 1923. There was no commerce during 1922. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $13.57: New work-------------------------------------------------- $37, 500.00 Maintenance .. .----------- Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 37, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1............ . . . . . . ... . . . . . ........ . . . ....... 32,001.30 $12, 014.98 $23,497.29 Expended for maintenance 1. ... ...... ............... Appropriated or allotted......... 00 .. $37, 500. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended _------------------------- $23, 487.,32 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 __--------------- 9. 97 _ June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work: 23, 497. 29 21. INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY, MERMENTAU RIVER TO CALCASIEU RIVER, LA. (D4.) Location and description.-Thiswaterway extends from the Mer- mentau River, La., to the Calcasieu River, La., and is a continuation ,and of the waterway from Franklin to Mermentau, La. (See U. S. Coast Geodetic Survey chart No. 1116.) It begins at the west bank 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 892 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. of the Mermentau River about 1J miles above its entrance into Grand Lake, and about 14.8 miles below the town of Lake Arthur. The route then runs in a west-southwesterly direction to the east end of the Lake Misere Canal, passing north of Lake and Bayou Misere; thence Lake Misere Canal is used to a point about 1 mile east of Sweet Lake; the waterway then passes south and west of Sweet Lake to Sweet Lake Canal, from which point it extends in a north- westerly direction through Watkins Canal, Bayou Tete Bois, and Black Bayou to the Calcasieu River, about 19.2 miles below the city of Lake Charles. The total distance is 37.67 miles. Original condition.-The water-borne commerce of many small streams of southern Louisiana which flow into the Gulf of Mexico can not reach suitable markets by an all-water route without risking exposure to dangers of open Gulf navigation, unless inland canals and waterways connecting these streams with deep-water ports are constructed. The portion of Louisiana bordering on the Gulf is very well adapted to the establishment of such canals and water- ways, due to the existence of great numbers of lakes and streams, as well as to the low elevation of the land itself. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel of such dimen- sions as can be secured at a cost of $260,000, not to exceed 7 feet in depth at mean low Gulf and 75 feet bottom width. The latest (1917) approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $25,000. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide is about 10 inches and the extreme range about 14 inches. A severe storm may cause a high tide of-from 6 to 9 feet at the ends of this waterway. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for a depth of 5 feet and width of 40 feet (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 3, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) ; this act and subsequent appropriation acts provided that the funds may be applied to any modified plans for this section of the waterway that may be recommended by the Chief of Engineers and approved by the Secretary of War, and the act of August 8, 1917,. provided for increased channel dimensions. (S. Doc. No. 705, 64th Cong., 2d sess.) For latest published map, see page 2608, Annual Report for 1915. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The report on which the original authoriza- tion was based provided that the rights of way for the waterway should be furnished free of cost to the United States. A right of way 300 feet wide over this section was deeded to the United States and accepted by the department on March 27, 1919. Terminal facilities.-There are no terminal facilities along this sec- tion, which connects the Mermentau River with the Calcasieu River. The terminal facilities on these two rivers are described in the cor- responding reports. Effect of imiprovement.-This canal was completed on December 29, 1922, and was immediately utilized. A considerable traffic, chiefly in rice and oil, has already developed to and from points on the Cal- casieu and Mermentau Rivers. The distance between Lake Charles and Lake Arthur has been lessened by 40 miles, and the dangers of outside navigation in the Gulf between the mouths of these two rivers have been avoided. RIVERS AND HARBORS--NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT. 893 Operations and results during the fiscal year.--The contractors continued excavation of the 5 by 40 foot canal from the beginning of the fiscal year until December 29, 1922, on which date the entire canal was completed. A total length of 13,890 feet under the Sweet Lake contract was completed, involving the removal of 180,897 cubic yards of material. Under the west end 23,000 feet of canal was completed, involving the removal of 315,087 cubic yards. The sum of $80,844.72 was expended during the fiscal year, of which $285.64 was charged to maintenance, for supervision and office expenses, and $80,559.08 to new work; of this latter sum $77,660.14 was for contract dredging and $2,898.94 for superintendence and in- spection of contract work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The entire 5 by 40 foot waterway was completed on December 29, 1922. The total length of the ex- cavated or enlarged portions is 34.44 miles, and the length of Black Bayou requiring no excavation is 3.23 miles, making the total length of waterway between the Mermentau and the Calcasieu Rivers 37.67 miles. The total excavation has been 2,083,728 cubic yards. The controlling depth on June 30, 1923, was 5 feet, available throughout the whole waterway. The canal is in excellent condition. The work required to complete the existing project consists in dredging a channel not to exceed 7 by 75 feet from the Mermentau River to the Calcasieu River. The excavation now completed com- prises about 36 per cent of that required for the 7 by 75 foot channel, to obtain the full dimensions of which will require the further ex- cavation of about 3,700,000 cubic yards. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year have been as follows: Surveys, borings, etc------------------ --------------- $11, 245. 89 Contract dredging--------------------- 252, 757. 54 Superintendence and inspection of contract------- ________--- 15, 285. 01 Supervision and office expenses (charged to maintenance) -------- 285. 64 Total----- -------------- 279, 574. 08 Proposed operations.--It is proposed to expend such amount of the balance unexpended on July 1, 1923 ($24,795.44), as may be required in maintenance of this waterway whenever and wherever necessary by Government plant. It is impracticable to state either the rate of expenditure of available funds or when they will be exhausted, as work will only be done as necessity arises. No additional funds are requested for the fiscal year 1925, as those on hand will be sufficient for that period. Commercial statistics.-As this waterway has not yet been com- pleted, there is no commerce to report. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,955.08: New work----------------------------------------$279, 288. 44 Maintenance ______---______-__- -- 285. 64 Net total expended-------------------- 279, 574. 0 Total appropriations to date of this report 304, 369. 52 :894 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1... 396.25 $t, $8, 856.54 $S3,947.60 5103, 484.05 $80, 559.08 Expended for maintenance 1................. ........ ........ 285.64 Total expended 1....... 1396.25 8,856.54 947.60 83, 106, 484. 05 80, 844.72 Appropriated or allotted... ........... ............ ........ ...... 50,000.00 ....... .... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------- $105, 625. 08 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923------------- 15. 08 105, 640. 16 .June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 For new work----------------------------$80, 559. 08 ---- For maintenance------------------------ 285. 64 80, 844. 72 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended --------------------------- 24, 795. 44 '22. INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY, CALCASIEU RIVER TO SABINE RIVER, LA. AND TEX. (D5.) Location and description.-This waterway extends from the Cal- -casieu River, La., to the Sabine River, La., and Tex., and is a con- tinuation of the waterway from Mermentau River to Calcasieu -River. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1116.) The section begins at the mouth of Black Bayou on the east bank of the' 'Calcasieu River about 19.2 miles below the city of Lake Charles, follows the Calcasieu River for 2.3 miles, then runs as a canal a little south of west for 1.41 miles, then about southwest for 0.69 mile, then due west for 20.4 miles to the Sabine River, about 3 miles below Orange, Tex., a total distance of 24.8 miles. Original condition.-The water-borne commerce of many small -streams of southern Louisiana which flow into the Gulf of Mexico .can not reach suitable markets by an all-water route without risking exposure to dangers of open-gulf navigation unless inland canals and waterways connecting these streams with deep-water ports are -constructed. The portion of Louisiana bordering on the Gulf is very well adapted to the establishment of such canals and water- ways, due to the existence of great numbers of lakes and streams, as well as to the low elevation of the land itself. Previous projects.--None. Existing project.--This provides for a channel 12 feet deep and N90 feet wide on the bottom. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide is about 10 inches and the extreme range about 14 inches. A severe storm may -cause a high tide of from 6 to 9 feet. The estimate of cost for new work (1921) is $780,000; the estimate for annual maintenance (1918) is $25,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for a depth of 5 feet and width of 40 feet (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 3, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); this act and subsequent appropriation acts provided that 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS. AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT. 895 the funds may be applied to any modified plans for this section of the waterway that may be recommended by the Chief of Engineers and approved by the Secretary of War; the act of August 8, 1917, provided for a channel 9 feet deep and 100 feet wide (S. Doc. No. 705, 64th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of July 18, 1918, modified the channel dimensions to provide for a width of 90 feet and such depth as could be obtained with the funds available (H. Doc. No. 919, 65th Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of September 22, 1922, pro- vided for the present project dimensions (S. Doc. No. 149, 67th Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see page 2608, Annual Report for 1915. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The report on which the original authoriza- tion was based provided that the rights of way for the waterway should be furnished free of cost to the United States. A right of way 300 feet wide on this section was deeded to the United States and accepted by the department on January 15, 1913. Local inter- ests desired that the location of the canal in this section be changed from that of the adopted route and consented to bear the difference in cost. In view of this the route was changed, and they contributed $27,450, of which only $13,266.97 was used, the remainder reverting to the contributors. The acts of August 8, 1917, and July 18, 1918, require that local interests contribute $260,000, that they obtain consent from the land- owners for the necessary depositing on their land of the excavated material in both the construction and maintenance of the canal, that they protect the United States from any damages which may be claimed on the part of the riparian owners due to such dumping, and that they assume the cost of removing the present bridges in advance of the dredging and that of providing any new bridges required. The United States is to have full control of the construction and maintenance of the canal and expenditure of funds. The local interests have deposited with banks in Lake Charles, La., $260,000, the amount required by the acts of August 8, 1917, and July 18, 1918, guaranteed by satisfactory bonds to be available as needed in the progress of the work. These deposits were approved by the department January 30, 1918, and September 24, 1918. Privi- leges for depositing of excavated material were secured and a bond in the sum of $2,000 for the removal of present bridges was fur- nished, all of which papers were approved by the department on July 12, 1918. Under date of January 5, 1922, a permit was granted by the Assistant Secretary of War to the Police Jury of Calcasieu Parish to enlarge this waterway to a depth of 30 feet with a bottom width of 125 feet. Terminal facilities.-There are wharf facilities at Lake Charles, La., and Orange, Tex., but freight along the canal is loaded and unloaded directly from the banks, which method is suitable for the present commerce. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The canal from Calcasieu River to Sabine River has been open for about 4 years during which time con- siderable commerce has developed. A safe inland route is now pro- 61637--ENG 1923---57 896 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. vided for small craft. Greater benefits will be felt when the entire canal is completed to the greater depth authorized. Operations and results during the fiscal year.--Dredging, at a cost of 131 cents per cubic yard, was begun on January 9, 1923, at about 3.5 miles from the Calcasieu River. The cross section excavated was 12 by 40 feet, and will form a part of the authorized 12 by 90 foot canal. Work was continued until May 31, no work being done in June owing to necessary repairs. A total length of 9,100 feet was excavated involving the removal of 294,017 cubic yards of material, mostly clay. A level and cross-section survey of the whole canal was made. Specifications for dredging the western end by pipe-line dredge and the eastern end by dipper dredge were prepared, bids for the former being opened on June 5, 1923, and contract awarded at 16.48 cents per cubic yard; bids for the latter are to be opened on July 19' 1923. The sum of $53,982.88 was expended during the fiscal year, of which $1,992.20, charged to maintenance, was for re- survey of canal, and $51,990.68, charged to new work, was for excava- tion, as stated above, and for repairs to dredge Blackwater. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The controlling depth on June 30, 1923, was 6 feet, available throughout the year. The existing project is about 31 per cent completed. The result- ing dimensions of channel at end of fiscal year were as follows: 11 by 90 feet from mile 23.53 to mile 20.35, 9 by 100 feet from mile 24.5 (Sabine River) to mile 23.53, from mile 9.814 to mile 9.625, and from 3.25 to mile 3.175; 12 by 40 feet from mile 3.50 to mile 5.22; remaining portion of waterway, 5 by 40 feet. The work required to complete the existing project involves the excavation of about 4,940,000 cubic yards in order to complete the 12 by 90 foot channel. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year have been as follows: Government Contributed Total. funds. funds. New work......................................... .... $308, 162. 73 $103, 774.10 $411,936. 83 Maintenance............................ ................. 8, 827.76 ................ 8, 827.76 Total .............................. . ........... 316, 990. 49 103,774. 10 420, 764. 59 Proposed operations.-It is proposed to' expend the balance un- expended on July 1, 1923 ($455,639.99 Government funds and $169,492.87 contributed funds), in new work in enlarging the greater portion of this canal to 12 by 90 feet, by contract and with Govern- ment plant, as follows: Dredging___------------------------------------------------ $574, 000. 00 Supervision and office expenses-------------------------- 51, 132. 86 Total ------ 25, 132. 86 6------------------------------- It is expected that work will be begun early in the fiscal year 1924; that the available funds will be expended at the rate of about $60,000 per month; and that they will be expended by the end of the fiscal year 1924. The sum of $50,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925, in new work, toward completion of the enlargement of the RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT. 897 canal, by contract or with Government plant, as may be more ad- vantageous, as follows: Dredging -------------------------------------------- $40, 000 Supervision and office expenses ---------------------------- 10, 000 Total ----------------------------------------------- 50, 000 Commercial statistics.--A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918............ 17,862 $2,277, 948 500 1921.......... .26, 671 $1, 658, 318 54 1919...........14,230 2 364,679 57 1922.......... 22, 627 1,141, 216 32 1920...........14,558 1,785,366 72 The tonnage for the calender year 1922 consisted principally of animals, rice, lumber, oil, fuel, and miscellaneous merchandise. The usual drafts for loaded boats were from 3 to 6 feet. Financial summary. UNITED STATES FUNDS. Amount expended on al projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $36.25: New work ----------------------------------------- $308, 162. 73 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 8, 827. 76 Net total expended------------------------------316, 990. 49 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 772, 630. 48 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1...... Expended for maintenance 1..... $76, 916. 86 1, 977. 79 $18, 514. 16 ............ 2. 70 $327.76 $5.10 $............. $51, 990. 68 1, 992. 20 Total expended 1.......... 78, 894. 65 18, 516. 86 327. 76 5.10 53, 982.88 Appropriated or all tted .................. .................................. 400, 000. 00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------- $109, 622. 87 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923 ------------------------------------ 400, 000. 00 509, 622. 87 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work---------------------------- $51,990.68 For maintenance----------------------------1, 992. 20 53, 982. 88 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-------------------------- 455, 639. 99 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-------------- ------------- 360, 025.23 July 1, 1923, balance available--------------------------------- 95, 614. 76 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 898 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ---------------------------------- $135, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work.......---------------------------------- 50,000. 00 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ----------------------- $103. 774. 10 Maintenance------------- Total contributions to date of this report-- -- 133, 266. 97 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expendedfor new work......... 82,173.77 $22.13 $29.56 ...................... Expended for maintenance... Contributed ................... 90, 000. 00 .. ... ................. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---- -- -- -- $29, 492. 87 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -- 29,492.87 Amount guaranteed held by banks . 140,000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1924------------.------------ 169, 492. 87 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY, CALCASIEU RIVER TO SABINE RIVER. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $36.25: New work----------------- ------------------------ $411, 936. 83 Maintenance ----- 8, 827. 76 Net total expended ----- 420, 764.59 Total appropriations to date of this report - - 905, 897. 45 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work ........$159,090.63 $18,536.29 $29.56 .............. $51,990.68 Expended for maintenance s..... 1,977.79 2.70 327.76 $5.10 1,992.20 2 . . . . . . . . .. Total expended 161, 068.42 18, 538.99 357.32 5.10 53, 982.88 Appropriated or allotted......... 90,000.00 .............. 400, 000.00 ........................... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------------------------$139, 115. 74 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923--------------------------------------- 400, 000. 00 539, 115. 74 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work -- ------------- ---- $51,990. 68 For maintenance -------------------------- 1,992. 20 53, 982. 88 1 Exclusive of available funds. SNot deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT. 899 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--------------------------- $485, 132. 86 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities_-- ---------------- __--_ 360, 025. 23 July 1, 1923, balance available---------- ----------------- 125, 107. 63 Amount guaranteed held by banks------------------------ 140, 000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1924 .... -- -------- 265, 107.63 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------------- --------------------- 135, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work---------------------------------- S50, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP D. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts, from sales, etc., amounting to $4,028.78: New work---- ------ -- ----------------- - $888,980. 65 Maintenance ------ ----------- . ... 74, 320. 59 Net total expended ___963, 301. 24 Total appropriations to date of this report-------- ----------- 2, 213, 292. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 2 . . .. . .. . Expended for new work 2 $78,313. 11 $41, 084.50 $125, 041.55 $151,936. 64 $157, 734.38 Expended for maintenance .... 10, 204. 91 7,470. 84 11, 593.44 18, 800.30 7, 285. 99 . .. . . . . . .. . Total expended 88, 518.02 48, 555.34 136, 634.99 170,736.94 165,020.37 Appropriated or allotted......... 137, 500. 00 ............................50,000.00 1,075, 000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------------- ---------- $339, 672. 86 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923 ----------------------- 1, 075, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923- ----------- 338. 27 1, 415, 011. 13 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: 2 For new work..--------------------------- $157, 734.38 For maintenance ------------------------ 7, 285. 99 165, 020. 37 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------------------------ 1,249, 990. 76 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities _ _ _----------------------425, 025. 23 July 1, 1923, balance available ------ --------- 824, 965. 53 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for comple- tion of existing project-------------------------------- 698, 700.00 Amount, that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work_----------------------------- 425, 000. 00 23. OPERATING AND CARE OF SCHOONER BAYOU LOCK, LA. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for the intracoastal waterway from Frank- lin to Mermentau, La. (D2.) (See pp. 886 to 889, where general information may be found.) The completed lock and dam has been a'Exclusive of available funds. 2 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 900 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropria- tion since March 1, 1913. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-The lock, dam, and grounds were maintained in good condition. There were 1,849 boats passed through the lock. Three hundred feet of levee was built on the south bank, and the U. S. dredge Delatour, in May, 1923, made a 3-foot fill within this inclosure, about 300 by 600 feet. Additional fill was placed on the north side. Ways were built for hauling out launch. The launch Calcasieu was overhauled, calked, painted, and given all necessary repairs. Lock gates were raised, repaired, and repainted. Winch cables were renewed and painted with coal tar. All lock piling and waling and all spillway woodwork was painted with coal tar. All winches and other ironwork were painted. Lock- master's house was repainted. All dwellings and buildings were cleaned'inside and outside and given minor necessary repairs. The expenditures during the year amounted to $4,622.64. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The United States reservation consists of 2 acres, on which have been built three dwellings and the necessary storehouses and workshops. The lock, dam, and buildings are in good condition. The total expenditures to the end of the fiscal year for operating and care of the lock, dam, and grounds have been $53,850.54. Proposed operations.-The lock and dam will be operated and maintained under allotment from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918.......... 919 $139,945 3,375 1921.......... 1, 859 $366, 062 6, 312 1919.......... 1, 275 249, 400 5,373 1922.......... 4,008 376, 054 6,155 1920.......... 2,948 357,395 6,345 The tonnage for the calendar year 1922 consisted principally of rice, lumber, fuel oil, and miscellaneous merchandise. The draft of vessels varied from 2 feet to 5 feet. BAYOU VERMILION, MERMENTAU RIVER, BAYOUS NEZPIQUE, QUEUE DE TORTUE, PLAQUEMINE BRULE, DES CANNES, AND CALCASIEU RIVER AND PASS, LA. (GROUP E.) 24. BAYOU VERMILION, LA. (El.) Location and description.-Vermilian River, also called Bayou Vermilion, is formed by the junction of Bayous Fusilier and Bour- beau, west of Arnaudville, La., and flows in a general southwesterly direction, emptying into the western end of Vermilion Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1116.) The length of the entire stream is about 71 miles, that of the section under improve- ment being 51 miles and extending from near Lafayette, La., to Ver- milion Bay. Through the section under improvement the stream is RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT. 901 tidal and has surface widths Of 50 to 400 feet. The area of water- shed is 360 square miles. The discharge at low water is about 54 second-feet, at high water about 5,400 second-feet, and at average stage about 450 second-feet. Original condition.-The river was navigable at its higher stages to a point 49 miles above its mouth, but was obstructed, principally in the upper reaches, with snags, logs, fallen and overhanging trees, and shoals over which a depth of only 2 feet existed at low water. Below mile 40 the least depth was about 4 feet at mean low Gulf, gradually increasing toward the mouth. The stream was, however, obstructed by a bar at its mouth, over which there was a depth at low tide of only 2 feet. Previous projects.-The original project of 1880 is based on report submitted in House Executive Document No. 54, Forty-sixth Con- gress, second session, the first appropriation being carried in the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880. The sum of $9,900 was ex- pended under this project prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1892. For further details of previous projects see page 762, Annual Report for 1914. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 51 feet deep (no width specified) at mean low Gulf from Vermilion Bay to the South- ern Pacific bridge at Lafayette, La., a distance of 51 miles, to be ob- tained by dredging and removing obstructions. Under ordinary conditions the inan range of tide is 10 inches at the mouth and about 2 inches at the head, the extreme range being 14 inches and 4 inches, respectively. The variation of water surface near mouth due to hurricanes has been as high as 8 feet and in upper reaches, due to floods, from 8 to 10 feet. The estimated cost of new work, adopted in 1892, exclusive of amount expended under previous project, was $25,000. There is no estimate of cost for annual maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892. (H. Ex. Doc. No. 273, 51st Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map is printed opposite page 2549 of the Annual Report for 1917. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.--At Bancker, Rosehill, Abbeville, and Pin- hook Bridge there are ordinary wharves. At Abbeville there is a public wharf open to all water carriers without charge, and a large private one owned by the Southern Pacific Railroad, with conveyer for transferring freight from wharf to the top of bank. Interchange of traffic and through freight rates exist between the Southern Pacific Railroad and the steamer Jos. B. Chaffe, operating on the bayou. There are two small warehouses at Pinhook Bridge open to the public without charge. Along the bayou there are several cane derricks for loading cane on barges, and at the Rosehill refinery there is a large crane derrick for unloading barges. Landings are generally made on the banks of the stream. The facilities are con- sidered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Navigation has been rendered easier, and a deeper channel has generally been maintained. Operations arnd results during the fiscal year.-General supervision over the stream was exercised. The wreck of the steamer Ella at 902 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Rosehill, about 6 miles below Abbeville, was removed by the U. S. dredge Grossetete in March 1923, the cost being charged against a special allottment for this purpose. From March 29 to the end of the fiscal year, the U. S. dredge Grossetete worked between mile 43 above the mouth and mile 49 (Pinhook Bridge), restoring the chan- nel dimensions of 54 by 40 feet over a distance of 11,335 feet and removing 86,896 cubic yards of material and 241 obstructions, over- hanging trees, etc. The expenditures during the fiscal year, charged to maintenance, were as follows: - Dredging by U. S. dredge Grossetete- -------------- __ _--$5, 575. 22 Supervision and office expenses __-------------__-__- 383. 73 Total------------------------------------------- --- 5, 958. 95 Condition at end of fiscal year.-Dredging under the existing project was completed in 1883, and snagging in 1896. The control- ling depths on June 30, 1923 were as follows: Over the bar at Vermilion Bay, 4 feet, mean low Gulf; mile 0 to 31, 7 feet, mean low; Gulf; mile 31 to 49, 6 feet, mean low water. These depths were available throughout the year. The head of navigation for boat traffic is at mile 49. The total expenditure under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $107,315.32, of which $25,000 was for new work, and $82,315.32, for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expendlsuch amount of the balance unexpended on July 1, 1923 ($6,084.68), as may be neces- sary in maintenance dredging below mile 43, beginning on July 1, It is expected that this work will be completed by the end of August, 1923, expenditures being at the rate of about $3,000 per month. No additional funds are requested for the fiscal year 1925, as no work is contemplated. Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendaryear. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918. ........... 33, 134 $1.051,632 3,375 1921.......... 28,287 $530, 077 1,922 1919........... 33, 848 1,304, 830 1,743 1922.......... 33, 527 415,934 1, 865 1920........... 33,637 1,313,110 2, 605 The tonnage for the calendar year 1922 consisted of cattle, oysters, sugar cane, and rice. The draft of boats varied from 21 feet to 4 feet. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ___---------------------- $34, 900. 00 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 82, 315. 32 Net total expended--------- -------- 117, 215. 32 Total appropriations to date of this report- 23, 300. 00 1--------------- RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT. 903 Fiscal year ending June 30. , 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work .......... ............. ......... .. ... .... .. ............ .................. Expended for maintenance...... $26,748. 49 $5, 499.14 $685.95 $0.72 $5, 958.95 Appropriated or allotted......... .............. ............................ 12,000.00 July 1,1922, balance unexpended ___________--_________ _____ $43. 63 Amount transferred from Bayou Plaquemine Brule, La__-- ____- - 2, 000. 00 Amount transferred from Bayou Queue de Tortue, La------------ 10, 000. 00 12, 043. 63 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance__ 5, 958. 95 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended __________---___________-_____ 6, 084. 68 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ____ 1, 678. 00 1________________ July 1, 1923, balance available __________-___-- - - - ______4, 406. 68 25. MERMENTAU RIVER, BAYOU NEZPIQUE, AND BAYOU DES CANNES, LA. (E2.) Location and description.-Mermentau River is formed by the junction of Bayous Des Cannes and Nezpique, 2.25 miles above Mer- mentau, La., and flowing in a southwesterly direction, empties into the Gulf of Mexico. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1116.) The length of stream is 71.5 miles. The entire Mer- mentau River is included in this project. This stream is tidal; it has widths ranging from 250 to 1,000 feet in its ordinary banks and from 1,000 feet to several miles in the lake. The system has a water- shed area of about 2,400 square miles. The discharge at low water is about 360 second-feet, at high water about 36,000 second-feet, and at average stage about 3,000 second-feet. Bayou Nezpique rises in Evangeline Parish, flows in a southerly direction, and empties into the Mermentau River. The length of stream is about 80 miles, of which the lower 25 miles are now under improvement. This stream is semitidal; it has widths varying from 65 to 190 feet in the ordinary banks and depths from 4 to 40 feet. The watershed includes about 700 square miles. Bayou Des Cannes rises in Evangeline Parish, flows in a south- southwesterly direction, and empties into the Mermentau River. The length of the stream is about 60 miles, of which the lower 8.5 miles are under improvement. The stream is semitidal; it has widths varying from 40 to 800 feet in the ordinary banks and depths from 3.5 to 40 feet. The watershed includes about 400 square miles. Original condition.--Mermentau River is 71.5 miles long and had widths of 250 to 1,000 feet and a low-water depth of 10 feet or more. Through Lake Arthur (6 miles) and Grand Lake (11 miles) there were low-water depths of 7 and 6 feet, respectively, except at the upper and lower ends of Grand Lake, where the channel shoaled to 4 feet. Through Lower Mud Lake, which is 3 miles long, there were a few shoals with an available depth of only 4 feet at mean low water. The minimum depth found over the bar in the Gulf was 4 feet. Considerable traffic existed over the entire river. Bayou Nezpique is 80 miles long and had widths of from 65 to 190 feet and low-water depths of from 4 to 40 feet, but was obstructed 904 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. with snags, trees, etc. Considerable traffic existed in the lower por- tion of this stream, but owing to the dangerous obstructions in the upper reaches only small boats went up to the head of navigation at the 25-mile point. Bayou Des Cannes is about 60 miles long and had widths of from 40 to 800 feet and low-water depths of from 3.5 to 40 feet, but was obstructed with snags, trees, etc. Considerable traffic existed on the lower portion up to mile 8.5, but above this point only small boats could ascend until local interests made certain cut-offs, etc., after which they could ascend to mile 13. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the removal of obstructions to navigation to secure the natural channel throughout the entire Mermentau River, a distance of 71.5 miles, and through Bayou Nezpique from its mouth to 25 miles above, and Bayou Des Cannes from its mouth to Evangeline Bridge (mile 8.5) ; for improving the channel in Lower Mud Lake by constructing a brush dam to concen- trate the action of the current and by dredging; and for removing a portion of the wrecked dam 7 miles above the mouth. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide on the Mer- mentau River near the mouth is 10-inches and near the head about 3 inches, the extreme range being 14 inches and about 5 inches, respectively. The variation of the water surface near the mouth may be as much as 7 or 8 feet, due to hurricanes on the Gulf, and near the head from 8 to 12 feet, due to freshets. On Bayou Nez- pique, under ordinary conditions, the range of tide is about 3 inches at the mouth and nothing at head. On Bayou Des Cannes, under ordinary conditions, the range of tide is about 3 inches at the mouth and nothing at the head. The estimated cost for new work, made in 1892, is $23,615.25, and that for the removal of the dam, made in 1916, $1,500. There is no approved estimate of cost for annual maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 13, 1892, provided for the general project (Annual Report for 1891, p. 1862) ; the act of July 27, 1916, provided for the removal of a portion of the wrecked dam near the mouth (H. Doc. No. 1232, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) ; and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the improvement of Bayou Des Cannes (H. Doc. No. 1398, 65th Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is printed opposite page 2556 of the Annual Report for 1917. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Thereis no local cooperation imposed by law, but private interests have, in many instances, removed obstructions from Bayou Des Cannes from its mouth to about one-half mile below Iota Bridge (mile 15.25) and have dredged numerous landing slips and cut-offs aggregating 5,950 feet in length between mile 8.5 and mile 14.75. Terminal facilities.-There are several private wharves and ware- houses at Grand Chenier. These are small, ordinary wharves. There is a well-constructed public wharf at Lake Arthur, La., open to water carriers without charge. At Mermentau, La., the Southern Pacific Railroad owns a long wharf with a spur running to the RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT. 905 wharf. There is another small landing and warehouse at this place open to water carriers without charge. At the less important points the landings are made on the banks. There is a large rice-storage warehouse on Bayou Nezpique about 14 miles above the mouth. On Bayous Des Cannes and Nezpique there are a few private landing places and small wharves along the route, which are sufficient to meet the present demands of commerce and are open to water carriers without charge. The facilities are considered adequate for the ex- isting commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made transporta- tion easier for a considerable volume of commerce which is prac- tically dependent upon these streams, as much of the tributary terri- tory is not within reach of any railroad. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-General super- vision over the streams was exercised. The sum of $21.25, charged to maintenance, was expended during the fiscal year for supervision and office expenses. Condition at end of fiscal y ear.-Obstructionswere removed from the Mermentau River and Bayou Nezpique in 1892 and 1893; ob- structions were removed from Bayou Des Cannes in 1916; dredging in Lower Mud Lake was completed in December, 1899; two pile-and- brush dams, 2,500 and 3,000 feet long, were constructed in 1897-98; and the removing of a portion of the wrecked dam near the mouth was completed on March 31, 1917. The project is now completed. The ruling depths, mean low Gulf, on June 30, 1923, were as follows: Mermentau River, over bar at entrance to Gulf, 3 feet; Pass, mile 0 to mile 3 (Lower Mud Lake), 8 feet; through Lake, mile 3 to mile 6, 3.7 feet; mile 6 to mile 13 (Upper Mud Lake), 8 feet; through Lake, mile 13 to mile 16.5, 7.8 feet; mile 16.5 to mile 24.5 (Grand Lake), 11 feet; through Lake, mile 24.5 to mile 36, lower end, 3 feet, upper end, 3.8 feet; mile 36 to mile 47 (Lake Arthur), 12 feet; through Lake, mile 47 to mile 53, 6.5 feet; mile 53 to mile 71.5, 40 feet; Bayou Nezpique, mile 0 to mile 25 (head of improvement), 8 feet; Bayou Des Cannes, mile 0 to mile 15.25 (Iota Bridge), 7 feet; mile 15.25 to mile 31.25 (Frisco Railroad bridge), 1 foot. Mile 0 is at the mouth of the stream in each case. , These depths are available throughout the year. The total expenditure under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $46,733.11, of which $27,580.35 was for new work and $19,152.76 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the balance un- expended on July 1, 1923 ($1,763.73), in maintenance of streams, whenever and wherever necessary, by Government plant. It is impracticable to state either the rate of expenditure of available funds or when they will be exhausted, as work is only done on these streams as unforeseen necessity arises. No additional funds are requested for the fiscal year 1925, as the balance on hand is considered adequate for that period to carry on the work contemplated. 906 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipment and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers, Calendaryear. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918........... 37,374$1,932,235 14,000 1921.......... 10,982 $310,733 .......... 1919........... 38,316 2, 165, 779 12, 000 1922.......... 12,562 459,866 .......... 1920 ........... 32,258 2,250,362 10.000 The tonnage for the calendar year 1922 consisted principally of rice, lumber, and fuel oil. The usual limits of draft for boats varied from 3 to 5 feet. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $0.75: New work ------------------------------------- $27, 580. 35 Maintenance --- --------------------------------- 19, 152. 76 Net total expended------------- ------------- 46, 733. 11 Total appropriations to date of this report --_-------- - -48, 46. 84 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work...................... ........................... Expended for maintenance 1.... $3, 640.69 $444.93 $150.39 $3.60 $21.25 Appropriated or allotted.............. .............................................. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended__ -_ __------- $1, 784. 98 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance _ 21. 25 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_______ -- -__-_--_-- _ __ 1, 763. 73 26. BAYOU QUEUE DE TORTUE, LA. (E3.) Location and description.-Bayou Queue de Tortue rises in the western part of Lafayette Parish, La., and flows in a southwesterly, then westerly, direction between Acadia and Vermilion Parishes, entering the Mermentau River about 5 miles above the head of Lake Arthur. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1116.) The stream is 50 to 110 feet wide and about 60 miles long. The sec- tion under improvement is 14 miles long, measured through the pro- posed cut-offs, and extends from the mouth to the Southern Pacific Railroad bridge at Riceville, La. The stream is tidal. The water- shed area is about 285 square miles. The discharge at low water is about 40 second-feet. Originalcondition.-The low-water channel, from the junction of the stream with the Mermentau River to a point 16.5 miles (meas- ured around bends) above its mouth, where the Southern Pacific Railroad bridge crosses the bayou, had a general depth of 10 feet RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT. 907 or more, except in a few localities, where depths of only 3.5 to 10 feet existed. In some places the channel was not more than 50 feet wide, in others 100 feet or more. For 11 miles above its mouth the stream was but slightly obstructed; above this point, however, snags, fallen and overhanging trees, and logs, together with numerous sharp bends, interfered with navigation. For 42 miles above the railroad bridge the stream had good depths and widths, but was badly obstructed. Above this latter section the stream consisted of short open stretches, separated by sections thickly obstructed with timber. A tow of five barges, drawing 3 to 4 feet loaded, could be delivered about 13 miles above the mouth of the bayou, which was practically the head of navigation. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the removal of obstructions from its mouth to the Southern Pacific Railroad bridge at Riceville, La., and for dredging 10 cut-offs, aggregating 1,765 feet in length, reducing the distance from the mouth of the bayou to the bridge to about 14 miles. The necessary rights of way for the cut-offs have been furnished free of cost to the United States. No channel dimen- sions were specified. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide is about 5 inches at the mouth and nothing at the head, and the extreme range about 10 inches and nothing, respectively. During severe rains there is at times a rise of 6 feet. The estimated cost of new work, revised in 1921, is $45,000. The latest (1912) approved estimate for annual maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 609, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is printed opposite page 2466 of the Annual Report for 1916. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The conditions of the appropriating act pro- vide that rights of way for the cut-offs shall be furnished without cost to the United States. Deeds for the 10 cut-offs were accepted August 17, 1920. Terminal facilities.-There are no terminal facilities on the bayou other than a warehouse and a small wharf at mile 6, which is used principally for shipping rice. Landings at the pumping plants are generally made on the banks. The terminals are considered adequate for the existing commerce. There are no public wharves open to use of all carriers on equal terms. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.--A better channel has been secured for boats to reach the pumping plants along the stream. These plants use oil as fuel, which is brought in by barge from the Mermentau River. However, as the work was only completed in March, 1923, the full benefits to accrue can not yet be determined. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-Generalsupervision over the stream was exercised. From November 28, 1922, to March 12, 1923, the U. S. dredge Grossetete cleared and dredged the re- maining cut-offs, redredging cut-offs Nos. 1 and 2, and snagged and dredged in the stream between mile 12.2 and 12.7, at mile 11.2, be- tween mile 10 and 11 and at other spots where small shoals had 908 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. formed. The following work was performed: Cleared 176,350 square feet of cut-offs; removed 714 stumps, snags, and other obstructions from the cut-offs and 1,141 from the bayou; 'dredged 33,694 cubic yards of material from a total length of 2,305 feet in the cut-offs, and 18,842 cubic yards from a total length of 9,035 feet in the bayou. The expenditures during the fiscal year were $87.96 for maintenance, and $8,620.32 for new work a total of $8,708.28 divided as follows: Dredging 52,536 cubic yards----- ------------- $5, 165. 01 Removing 1855 obstructions -------------------------- 2, 674. 14 Clearing 176,350 square feet------------------------------- 584. 44 Supervision and office expenses----------------------------- 284. 69 Total---------------------------------------------- 8, 708. 28 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted on March 12, 1923. In 1915 snagging of the stream and clearing of cut-offs Nos. 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, and 10 was done. In 1921, cut-offs Nos. 1, 2, and 3 were partly dredged, and cut-off No. 3 was partly cleared. The balance of the work was done between November 28, 1922, and March 12, 1923. The controlling depth, mean low Gulf, on June 30, 1923, was 6 feet. The channel is in excellent condition. The head of navigation for boat traffic is at the Southern Pacific bridge at mile 14, measured along the cut-offs. The total expenditure under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $37,617.57, of which $33,355.18 was for new work and $4,262.39 for maintenance. The cost of the new work has been as follows: Dredging 57,262 cubic yards-------------------------- $14, 425. 05 Removing 3,881 obstructions- ----------------- 9, 745. 14 Clearing 261,550 square feet----------------------------- 2, 218. 64 Supervision, surveys, and office expenses---- ___-- 6,966. 35 Total----------------------------------- 33,355.18 Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend such amount of the balance unexpended on July 1, 1923 ($1,382.43), as may be re- quired in maintenance of this stream whenever necessary, by Govern- ment plant. It is impracticable to state either the rate of expenditure of available funds or when they will be exhausted, as work will only be done as necessity arises. No additional funds are requested for the fiscal year 1925, as those on hand will be sufficient for that period. Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918..................... 7,137 $96,650 1921..................... 4,816 92,205 1919 ...................... 7,745 193,775 1922..................... 1,087 25,536 1920..................... 5,411 116,307 There were no passengers carried on this stream. The tonnage for the calendar year 1922 consisted principally of rice and fuel oil. The usual limits of draft for loaded boats are 3 feet 5 inches. RIVES AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT. 909 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2.75: New work_----------------------- --- $33, 355. 18 Maintenance------------------------------------------ , 262. 39 Net total expended- -- 37, 617. 57 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 39, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ ....................... $8,407. 00............. 8, 620.32 Expended for maintenance 1.. $262.24 $0. 15 3, 907. 12 $4.92 87.96 Total expended 1.......... 262.24 .15 12,314.12 4.92 8,708.28 ............... Appropriated or allotted......... ...... 20,000.00 ........... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---- ----------------------- $20, 087. 96 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923------------------ 2. 75 20, 090. 71 Deduction on account of amount transferred to Bayou Vermilion, La_ 10, 000. 00 10, 090. 71 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 For new work--------_ - -------------------- $8, 620. 32 For maintenance -------------------------------- 87.96 8, 708. 28 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended 382. 43 1------------------------ 27. BAYOU PLAQUEMINE BRULE, LA. (E4.) Location and description.-Bayou Plaquemine Brule rises in the southwestern part of St. Landry Parish and flows in a general south- westerly direction, entering Bayou Des Cannes about 31 miles above Mermentau, La. The total length is about 75 miles. The section under improvement is from the mouth to near Crowley, La., a dis- tance of about 19 miles. The stream is partly tidal, has widths vary- ing from 40 to 150 feet, and a watershed area of 360 square miles. The discharge at low-water stage is about 54 second-feet, at high water about 5,400 second-feet, and at average stage about 450 second- feet. (See United States Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1116.) Original condition.-The stream was in fairly good condition for 8 miles above its mouth, the remaining distance being obstructed by snags, overhanging trees, and drift. The stream had widths from 40 to 150 feet and depths from 4 to 35 feet. On account of obstruc- tions only small boats navigated the stream. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the removal of snags and other obstructions and for dredging a channel having a width of 60 feet on the bottom and a depth of 6 feet below mean low Gulf, from its mouth to a point near the town of Crowley, La., a total distance of about 19 miles. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 910 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 41923. is about 2 inches at the mouth and nothing at the head, the extreme range being about 4 inches and nothing, respectively. The varia- tion of water surface due to floods is at times about 10 feet. The estimate of cost adopted in 1910 was $10,000 for new work and $250 per year for maintenance. The estimate for new work was increased in 1913 to $33,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 789, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). There is no published map. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-There was no local cooperation imposed by law. Right of way was furnished for one cut-off free of cost to the United States and accepted by the Government March 9, 1915. Terminal facilities.-The citizens of Crowley constructed a large warehouse and a feeder canal, open to all carriers without charge, which enters the stream near the head of navigation. There is an incline in front of the wharf upon which loaded trucks are pulled to the top of same by means of a cable operated by a gasoline engine. Along the bayou landings are generally made against the banks. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Obstructions have been removed, channel deepened, and navigation made possible throughout the project sec- tion. The principal use of the waterway is the distribution of freight along the bayou between the railroad terminals at Crowley and Mermentau. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-General supervision over the stream was exercised. There were no expenditures during the fiscal year. The sum of $2,000 was transferred from this allot- ment to the allotment for Bayou Vermilion. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1915. The channel is in good condition. The controlling depth at mean low Gulf on June 30, 1923, was 6 feet from mouth to mile 19, the head of boat traffic, and was available throughout the year. The total expenditure under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $40,000, of which $32,759.90 was for new work and $7,240.10 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-There are no funds available, but no ex- penditures will be necessary during the fiscal year 1924. No additional funds are requested for the fiscal year 1925, as no work is contemplated. Commercial statistics.--A comparative statement of shipment and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement. Short tons. Value. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT. 911 There is no passenger traffic on this stream. The tonnage for the calendar year 1922 consisted principally of lumber and fuel oil. The usual limits of draft for loaded vessels are 3 feet 5 inches to 4 feet. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $47.20: New work ----------- ------------------------------- $32, 759. 90 Maintenance--- --------------------------------------- 7, 240. 10 Net total expended ---------------------------------- 40, 000. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------- 40, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.... ...... ............................... .. Expended for maintenance...... $71.51......... Appropriated or allotted......... 2,000.00 .............. ................... .............. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-----------------_ ------------- $2, 000 Deduction on account of amount transferred to Bayou Vermilion, La__ 2, 000 28. CALCASIEU RIVER AND PASS, LA. (E5.) Location and description.-CalcasieuRiver has its source in south- western Louisiana and flows in a generally southerly direction to the Gulf of Mexico. About 25 miles from the Gulf it debouches into Calcasieu Lake, which lake is about 18 miles long. The connection between the lake and the Gulf, about 7 miles long, is known as Cal- casieu Pass. The entire length of the stream is about 215 miles, and the portion under improvement extends from the mouth of the pass through Calcasieu Lake up the river to Philips Bluff, a distance of 97 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1116.) The waterway is tidal to Lake Charles, La., and partly tidal from Lake Charles to Philips Bluff; has widths varying from 100 feet to over a mile and a drainage area of 3,475 square miles. The discharge at low water is 600 second-feet, at high water 60,000 second-feet, and at average stage 5,000 second-feet. Original condition.---The head of navigation in 1881 was at Jones Bluff, 72 miles from the Gulf, or 27 miles above Lake Charles. Occasionally small boats went up 12 miles farther. Above Jones Bluff to Philips Bluff, 25 miles, the river was obstructed with snags and sand bars and had a width of about 100 to 150 feet and a depth of 5 feet in places and was used for logging purposes. From Jones Bluff to Calcasieu Lake the stream had an average depth of 10 feet, mean low Gulf, with width varying from 200 to 600 feet, but was slightly obstructed above Lake Charles. Calcasieu Lake was very shallow near the shore, but had an average depth of 6 feet over the middle portions. Bars existed at the upper and lower ends, over which the available depth was 5 and 3 feet, respectively. 61637-ENG 1923-58 912 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Calcasieu Pass had an average width of 600 feet and a depth of 12 feet, except over the bar in the Gulf, where there was a depth of only 5 feet. Previous projects.-The original project for this improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 10, 1872. Subse- quent appropriations were made by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1881, August 2, 1882, July 5, 1884, and August 11, 1888. There was expended prior to the adoption of the existing project, in 1890, $46,488.05. For further details of previous projects see Annual Report for 1915, page 1853. Existing project.-This provides for the construction of two con- verging jetties about 1.5 miles long, of brush and stone, at the Gulf entrance of the pass, and dredging between them, if necessary, to secure a 12-foot by 200-foot channel from the Gulf to the pass, so as to make the pass serve as a harbor; for the dredging of the bars at the head and foot of Calcasieu Lake to a depth of 8 feet, 80 feet wide, and revetment of the channel; for dredging a channel 12 feet deep and 90 feet wide from the city of Lake Charles to the entrance of the Calcasieu-Sabine section of the Intracoastal Waterway, with a turning basin 12 feet deep and 1,000 feet long by 400 feet wide at the city of Lake Charles; also for the improvement of the river from Philips Bluff to its mouth, by removing logs, snags, and overhang- ing trees, and by dredging. Total length of improvement, 97 miles. Depths refer to mean low Gulf. Under ordinary conditions the mean range of tide is 10 inches at the mouth, diminishing to zero at Philips Bluff, the extreme range of tide being 14 inches and zero, respectively. A high tide of 10 feet was recorded near the mouth during the storm of August, 1915. Freshets have caused rises of 18 or 20 feet in the extreme upper reaches. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1890, 1892, and 1921, is $775,800, which includes $25,800 for the 12-foot by 90-foot channel. The estimate for annual maintenance of the 12-foot by 90-foot chan- nel, made in 1921, is $4,000. There is no approved estimate for an- nual maintenance of the balance of the project. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for the con- struction of the converging jetties and dredging between them (Annual Report for 1887, p. 1402) ; the act of July 13, 1892, provided for the dredging of the bars at the head and foot of Calcasieu Lake (Annual Report for 1891, p. 1829); a modification of the original project of 1872, dated May 12, 1881, provided for the general im- provement of the river from Philips Bluff to its mouth (H. Ex. Doc. No. 46, 46th Cong., 3d sess.); and the act of September 22, 1922, provided for the 12-foot by 90-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 974, 66th Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is printed oppo- site page 2468 of the Annual Report for 1916. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The act of September 22, 1922, adopted the project given in House Document No. 974, Sixty-sixth Congress, third session, which provided that no work should be done on the 12-foot by 90-foot project " until local interests have furnished with- out cost to the United States any right of way or dumping privilege deemed necessary for the proper execution of the project." RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT. 913 Under date of January 5, 1921, a permit was granted by the Assistant Secretary of War to the police jury of Calcasieu Parish to enlarge this river where necessary, between Lake Charles and the eastern end of the Calcasieu-Sabine section of the Intracoastal Water- way, to a depth of 30 feet, with a bottom width of 125 feet. Terminal facilities.-At Cameron, Hackberry, Grand Lake, Wests Landing, and Lockport there are small private wharves for landing, which are open to the public on equal terms. There is a semipublic wharf at Lake Charles, for which the municipality has granted a revocable permit under condition of general public use. Adjoining this wharf is one owned by the Borealis Rex. There are numerous other private wharves at Lake Charles and one at Westlake, oppo- site Lake Charles. A good ferriage system exists between Lake Charles and Westlake. The facilities are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The inhabitants of Cameron, La., and many other ridges adjoining the lower Calcasieu are entirely depend- ent on this improvement for intercourse with Lake Charles and other markets. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-General supervision over the stream was exercised. From May 31 to June 25, 1923, the U. S. dredge Delatour restored the project dimensions in 5,500 feet of the channel at the upper end of Calcasieu Lake and in 9,900 feet of channel at the lower end, removing 59,192 and 218,676 cubic yards, respectively, a total of 277,868 cubic yards. The sum of $1,710.91 was expended during the fiscal year for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The various parts of the old project were completed as follows: The breakwater in 1893, the jet- ties in 1900, the dredging between jetties and in bars at head and foot of Calcasieu Lake in 1903, and the snagging in 1906. No work has yet been done on the 12-foot by 90-foot channel adopted in 1922. The jetties, breakwater, and channel are in good condition. The con- trolling depths on June 30, 1923, were: Over bar at entrance from Gulf, 8 feet; in pass, mile 0 to 7 (Calcasieu Lake), 12 feet; through lake, mile 7 to 25, "6 feet; mile 25 to 45 (city of Lake Charles), in river 28 feet, in Moss Lake 26 feet, in Prien Lake 10 feet, in cut-off 5 feet, and in Lake Charles 8 feet; mile 45 to 72 (Jones Bluff), 7 feet; mile 72 to 97 (Philips Bluff), 3 feet. From mile 0, at mouth of river, to mile 45 depths are referred to mean low Gulf; from mile 45 to 97 they are referred to low-water plane, about 2 feet above mean low Gulf at Philips Bluff. The head of navigation for boat traffic is at mile 72. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year have been $620,806.65, of which $449,425.58 was for new work and $171,381.07 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the balance unex- pended on July 1, 1923 ($14,199.65), in payment of outstanding lia- bilities, in maintenance of the channel whenever and wherever neces- sary by Government plant, and in supervision and office expenses. It is impracticable to state either the rate of expenditure of available funds or when they will be exhausted, as work will only be done as necessity arises. 914 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The sum of $25,800 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925 to dredge the project channel of 12 by 90 feet from the city of Lake Charles to the entrance of the Calcasieu to Sabine section of the Intracoastal Waterway, as new work, as follows: Dredging---------- ------------------------------------ $24, 000 Supervision and office expenses--------------------------------- 1,800 Total -------------------------------------------- 25, 800 Commercial statistics.-A comparative statement of shipments and receipts for the past five years is as follows: Comparative statement. Calendar Short Value. Passen- Calendar Short Value Passen- year. tons. gers. year. tons. gers. 1918......... 614,652 $8,183,119 7,276 1921.......... 356,170 $1,497,167 30,229 1919......... 628,739 8,401,245 2,500 1922........ 225, 421 1,903,604 20,500 1920.......... 636,254 8,088,194 47,462 The tonnage for the calendar year 1922 consisted principally of cat- tle, rice, logs, lumber, wood, fuel oil, and sand. The usual limits of draft for loaded boats varied from 3 feet 6 inches to 6 feet. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3.25: New work------------------------ ---------------- $495, 913. 63 Maintenance___ __--------_---- ------ 171, 381.07 Net total expended ----.-- --------- - 667, 294. 70 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------- 681, 494. 35 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............................................................ Expended for maintenance ..... $14, 683.89 $4, 416.86 $159. 81 .............. $1, 710. 91 Appropriated or allotted......... 15,000.00 .......................... 15,000.00 ............ 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended__---- --------- _ $15, 910. 56 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 1, 710. 91 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ----------------- __ 14, 199. 65 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities- ------ --------------- 4, 483. 96 July 1, 1923, balance available-------------------- 9, 715. 69 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-------- ---------------------------- 25, 800. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work -- ------------ 25, 800. 00 2Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT. e 915 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP E. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $53.95: New work ---------------------------------------- $624, 509.06 Maintenance--------- --- 284, 351. 64 Net total expended -------------------------------- 908, 860. 70 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------932, 291. 19 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 . . .. . . .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . Expended for new work 1 ..... $8,407.00 .............. $8,620.32 Expended for maintenance ..... $45, 406.82 $10, 361.08 4, 903.27 $9. 24 7, 779. 07 . . . . . . . . . Total expended 1 45, 406.82 10, 361.08 13,310.27 9.24 16, 399.39 Appropriated or allotted......... 17,000.00 ...... ..... ............... 35,000.00 ........... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended __-------- --------- $39, 827.13 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 ---------------- 2. 75 39, 829. 88 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 For new work ------ $8, 620.32 For maintenance - -- 7, 779. 07 16, 399. 39 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-------------------------- 23, 430. 49 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities - - -- - 6, 161. 96 July 1, 1923, balance available ____ ____-_____-_______-_ 17, 268. 53 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project--------------- ------------------------ 25, 800. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work ---- -- ----_ 25, 800. 00 29. REMOVING THE WATER HYACINTH (LOUISIANA.) Location and description.-The water hyacinth is a floating plant which infests the waters of the Gulf coast, increasing with great rapidity during the summer season and being cut down to water level by frost in winter. It greatly obstructs the navigable waters, and is propagated not only by seed but by development of new plants from the root stems or portions of the root, moved from one stream to another by currents and winds. Original condition.-The water hyacinth made its appearance in the waters of southern Louisiana about 1884 and spread with such rapidity that it soon infested all streams without sufficient current to carry it 'to salt water, interfering with navigation and, when un- molested, so obstructing them as to cause entire suspension of navi- gation. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This project provides for the extermination or removal of plants from the navigable waters of the States of Florida, 12Not deducting receipts from Exclusive of available funds. sales, etc. 916 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas, so far as they are or may become an obstruction to navigation, by any mechanical, chemi- cal, or other means whatsoever; for the construction and operation of boats equipped with suitable machinery for such removal; and for the construction and operation of booms to prevent the drifting of plants from one stream to another. The estimated cost adopted in 1899 was $25,000 each for two boats, $10,000 for operations in each district, and $1,000 for the establishment of booms. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, made appropriations for the States of Florida and Louisiana and provided for the extermination or removal of plants, the building of boats, and the establishment of booms (H. Doc. No. 91, 55th Cong., 3d sess.); the act of June 13, 1902, authorized the use of any mechanical, chemical, or other means whatsoever; the act of March 3, 1905, made the appropriation avail- able for the State of Texas; the acts of March 3, 1905, and March 2, 1907, in making appropriations for Florida, provided that no chemi- cal process injurious to cattle which may feed upon the water hya- cinth shall be used; the act of July 25, 1912, made the appropriation available for the State of Mississippi, and also made available for use in that State the operating plant pertaining to the work in Louisiana; and the act of August 27, 1916, made the appropriation available for the State of Alabama. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No reasonable amount of money can hold the water hyacinth in check without the cooperation of local officers and private parties. Plans for such cooperation, whereby the United States has performed the heavier work of removal, established booms and employed boom tenders, where necessary, and interested officials and parties have maintained patrols to keep the streams free, were inaugurated during 1912. By this cooperation navigation in Bayous Black, Teche, Vermilion, Des Allemands, L'eau Bleu, and others of the worst obstructed streams of the State has been greatly benefited. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities of the various streams from which hyacinths were removed are described in the reports for the improvement of these streams. Effect of improvement.-The clearing of the streams of water hyacinth makes navigation possible on many streams and in others materially assists in easy navigation. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-From July 1 to November 28, 1922, and from June 11 to 30, 1923, the U. S. steamer Hyacinth broke up jams in Bayou Teche and sprayed 1,060,480 square yards of hyacinths in Ponchatoula, Natalbany, Blood, and Tickfaw Rivers, and tributaries, and 2,340,500 square yards in Bayous Barataria, Teche, and Black, using 21,593 pounds of arsenic and 22,- 643 pounds of soda, making 3,554,100 gallons of solution. From No- vember 29, 1922 to May 24, 1923, this vessel was laid up at Plaque- mine Lock, having machinery transferred to the new hull which was received there on July 29, 1922; new upper works were built on the new hull. Minor repairs and adjustments were found necessary un- til June 10, and these were made at Morgan City. From July 26 to September 30, 1922, the U. S. barge Chene with launch Salvador sprayed 1,247,920 square yards of hyacinths in RIVERS AND HARBORS--NEW ORLEANS, LA., DISTRICT. 917 Bayou Teche below Keystone Lock, using 7,567 pounds of arsenic and 7,567 pounds of soda, making 124,792 gallons of solution. The sum of $33,624.58 was expended during the fiscal year, as follows: Expenses of U. S. steamer Hyacinth .-------------- __ --- $17, 397.14 Expenses of U. S. barge Chene----- ----------------- 2,356. 57 Transfer of machinery, etc., for Hyacinth---------------------- 10, 672.47 Salaries of boom-tenders----------------------------------- 1, 503. 58 Supervision and office expenses _______ _______ - ____- - 1, 694. 82 Total ------------------------------------ 33, 624. 58 Condition at end of fiscal year.-From 1900 to 1902 a boat with suitable machinery for removing and crushing the hyacinth was op- erated. Since then the U. S. steamer Hyacinth, equipped with means for spraying plants with a solution of arsenic and soda, has been used in those streams of such commercial importance as to justify improvement. Booms have been constructed at certain points to prevent the drifting of the plant from nonnavigable streams into those which are navigable. The work done has resulted in a great benefit to navigation. In 1915 the U. S. barge Chene was equipped for spraying the smaller streams. A new steel hull was constructed for the U. S. steamer Hyacinth in 1923. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year have been $406,468.76. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the balance un- expended on July 1, 1923 ($30,611.24), in destroying hyacinths in the most important navigable streams as the interests of navigation may require, and in operation of booms. It is expected that the available funds will be expended at the rate of about $3,400 per month during the spraying season, and about $800 per month when the plant is laid up, and that they will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. The sum of $30,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925 to continue the work of spraying hyacinths and installing and operating booms, as follows: Operation of United States spraying plant------ ------------ $25, 000 Installation and operation of booms----------- ---------------- 2, 500 Supervision and office expenses______ __---------------- 2, 500 Total-- ------------------------------------------- 30, 000 Commercial statistics.-Statistics will show under the various streams on which the boat operates. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2,188.85: New work - - - - - - - - - - - - Maintenance ---------------------------------------- $406, 468.76 Total appropriations to date of this report-..... __... -- __ 437, 080. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work......... Expended for maintenance 1 .. $13,464.21 $i18,066.38 $39,214.42 $37, 02179 . $33, 624: 58 Appropriated or allotted......... 50, 000. 00 30, 000. 00 30, 000. 00 28,100. 00 30, 000. 00 1Not deducting recepts from sales, etc. 918 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended $34, 796.82 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923--- ----------------- 30, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923---------------- 239. 00 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment -....----------- 65, 035.82 800. 00 64, 235. 82 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 133, 624. 58 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_----------------__----____ 30, 611. 24 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-------------------- , 743. 90 1_ July 1, 1923, balance available --------------------------- 28, 867. 34 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance _---_---- ---- - -__2 30, 000. 00 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED JUNE 5, 1920, AND SEPTEMBER 22, 1922. The local engineer was charged with the duty of making pre- liminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of June 5, 1920, and September 22, 1922, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Mississippi River, La., with a view to securing an outlet to deep water in the Gulf of Mexico by the most practicable route for a per- manent channel of a depth not exceeding 35 feet. 0. Waterway from Bayou Teche, La., to the Mermentau River. 3. Waterway from Lake Charles, La., to the Sabine River, Tex. and La., through the Calcasieu River and the Intracoastal Water- way from Calcasieu River, La., to Sabine River, Tex. and La. 4. Bayou St. John, La. 5. Bayou Bienvenue, La. 6. Bayou Lacombe, La. 7. Chefuncte River and Bogue Falia, La. 8. Amite River and Bayou Manchac, La. 9. Lake Fausse Pointe, La., with a view to securing a navigable channel by constructing and maintaining a canal from Grand Bayou to Sandy Point, or otherwise. 10. Bayou Bonfouca, La. The division engineer, Gulf Division, was charged with the duty of making a preliminary examination and survey, provided for by the act of March 3, 1923 (Pub. No. 484--67th Cong.), of Intracoastal Waterway from the Mississippi River at or near New Orleans, La., to Corpus Christi, Tex., and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. The district includes all works of improvement in Texas; and in addition the Red River, Tex., Okla., and Ark., above Fulton, Ark.; Sulphur River, Tex, and Ark.; Cypress Bayou and waterway be- tween Jefferson, Tex., and Shreveport, La.; Kiamichi River, Okla.; Little River, Ark., and Johnsons Bayou, La. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 919 District engineer: Maj. L. M. Adams, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Lieut. Col. E. J. Dent, Corps, and Engineers, to September 12, 1922, and Col. G. M. Hoffman, Corps of Engineers, since that date. IMPROVEMENTS. [The letters and figures in parentheses indicate the group, and the numerical order in the group, to which the respective improvements belong for purposes of appropriation.] Page. Page. 1. Sabine-Neches Waterway, 21. Freeport Harbor, Tex_ _--. 980 Tex___________________ 919 22. Brazos River, Tex., from Ve- . 2. Johnsons Bayou, La________ 928 lasco to Old Washington__ 985 3. Galveston Harbor, Tex. (Al) _ 930 23. Brazos River, Tex., from Old 4. Galveston Channel, Tex. Washington to Waco--... 987 (A2)__-_-______ ____ 934 24. Operating and care of locks 5. Channel from Galveston Har- and dams, Brazos River, bor to Texas City, Tex. Tex------__ -------------- 989 (A3) -- 941 25. West Galveston Bay and 6. Channel to Port Bolivar, Tex. Brazos River Canal, Tex__ 989 (A4)- 944 26. Channel between B r a z o s 7. Houston Ship Channel, Tex. River and Matagorda Bay, (A5) 947 Tex_-------------------- 993 8. East Bay Bayou (Hanna 27. Channel from Pass Cavallo Reef), Tex ___ 956 to Aransas Pass, Tex -- 996 9. Double Bayou, Tex ........ 956 28. Channel from Aransas Pass 10. Anahuac Channel, Tex_____ 959 to Corpus Christi, Tex__.. 998 11. Turtle Bayou, Tex_______ 961 29. Channel from Pass Cavallo 12. Mouth of Trinity River, Tex_ 964 to Port Lavaca, Tex ----- 1002 13. Trinity River, Tex_ 966 30. Guadalupe River to Vic- 14. Operating and care of locks toria, Tex -____--1004 and dams, Trinity River, 31. Port Aransas, Tex______T 1004 Tex_ ___ 970 32. Brazos Island Harbor, Tex_ 1010 15. Cedar Bayou, Tex___ ...... 970 33. Red River from Fulton, Ark., 16. Clear Creek, Tex__....... 972 to mouth of Washita River, 17. Dickinson Bayou, Tex ..... 975 Okla_ _ _____ ___ __- 1014 18. Chocolate Bayou, Tex ..... 977 34. Cypress Bayou and water- 19. Bastrop Bayou, Tex_ ..... 977 way between Jefferson, 20. Oyster Creek, Tex ....... - 980 Tex., and Shreveport, La__ 1016 1. SABINE-NECHES WATERWAY, TEX. Location and description.-This is a consolidation of the old im- provements of harbor at Sabine Pass, Port Arthur Canal, and Sabine-Neches Canal to Beaumont and Orange, Tex. Sabine Pass is on the Gulf of Mexico, approximately 80 miles east of Galveston and 435 miles west of New Orleans. It connects Sabine Lake with the Gulf of Mexico, and is about 7 miles long, the width varying from 1,700 to 5,000 feet. The entrance is protected by two jetties extending into the Gulf about 4 miles. The Port Arthur Canal ex- tends from near the upper end of Sabine Pass to the Port Arthur docks at the mouth of Taylors Bayou, a distance of 7 miles. Near its upper end the Sabine-Neches Canal joins it, and extends to the mouths of the Neches and Sabine Rivers, thence up the former to Beaumont and the latter to Orange. The distances are as follows. Port Arthur Canal to the Neches River, 12 miles; thence to Beaumont, 23 miles; Neches River to Sabine River, 4 miles; thence to Orange, 10 miles. The Sabine River rises in northeast Texas and flows southeasterly approximately 550 miles to Sabine Lake, entering the lake through three passes. The Neches River rises in northeast Texas and flows 920 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. southeasterly approximately 300 miles to Sabine Lake. The drain- age area of the Sabine is approximately 10,400 square miles and that of the Neches 10,453. The Sabine River is tidal in low water to 15 to 20 miles above Orange, and the Neches River to about Fords Bluffs, 35 miles above Beaumont. Discharge measurements made during the past two years indicate for the Neches River a discharge varying from 400 to 46,000 cubic feet per second and for the Sabine River a discharge of from 750 to 24,200 cubic feet per second. The average width be- tween banks is 700 feet for the Sabine River and 650 feet for the Neches River. (See U. S. Coats and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 157 and 1116.) Original condition.-Sabine Pass had a depth of 25 feet at mean low Gulf level, except over a bar 2,000 feet long opposite the town of Sabine Pass, on which there was a depth of 18 feet, and over a bar 200 feet long opposite Fort Point, on which there was a depth of 17 feet. Beyond its mouth, between the exterior and interior 18-foot bottom curves, there was a bar 31 miles long, over which there was a depth of about 6 feet at mean low Gulf level, but on account of the softness of the material ships could pass drawing 10 feet. The Port Arthur Canal is entirely artificial, running through marshland just inside the shore line of Sabine Lake. The turning basins at the Port Arthur docks were constructed by enlarging the lower end of Taylors Bayou, the depth of which was about 8 feet. That portion of the Sabine-Neches Canal from the Port Arthur Canal to the mouths of the Neches and Sabine Rivers is also an artificial cut running along the northwest shore of Sabine Lake. The controlling depths at mean low Gulf level were as follows: In Sabine Lake between the mouths of the Neches and Sabine Rivers, 1 foot; over the bar at the mouth of the Sabine River, 3J feet; over the bar at the mouth of the Neches River, 3 feet; in the Sabine River, about 15 feet; in the Neches River, about 18 feet. In the Sabine River the head of navigation for logging was about 400 miles from the mouth, and for launches about 25 miles at normal stage and about 175 miles at flood stage. In the Neches River the head of navigation for log- ging was about 200 miles from the mouth and for launches, Weiss Bluff, 45 miles at normal stage. Previous projects.-The original project for improvement of Sa- bine Pass was adopted by act of March 3, 1875, and subsequent projects and modifications by acts of August 2, 1882, June 3, 1896, June 13, 1902, June 19, 1906, and July 25, 1912. The Port Arthur Canal was conveyed to the United States free of cost in 1906, and the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, incorporated it in the project. The Sabine and Neches Rivers were first improved under the river and harbor acts of June 18, 1878, and March 3, 1899, and the Sabine-Neches Canal was first improved under the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1905, and March 2, 1907. The project was enlarged by the river and harbor acts of February 27, 1911, July 25, 1912, and March 2, 1919. The total amount expended under all these projects to June 30, 1922, was $8,705,065.47, of which $5,920,478.07 was charged to new work and $2,784,587.40 charged to maintenance. In addition, $577,506.78 was expended from contributed funds for new work. For scope of previous projects see page 1863 of Annual Report for RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 921 '1915 for the Sabine and Neches Rivers, Sabine Pass and Port Arthur Canal, and page 985 of the report for 1916 for Sabine-Neches Canal. (See also pages 1100 and 1105 of Annual Report for 1921.) Existing project.-This provides for a depth of 30 feet at mean low water throughout the channel and turning basins, except over the bar, where the depth is 33 feet and width of 450 feet, 200 feet wide between the jetties, 150 feet wide from the junction of the old Sabine-Neches Canal and old Port Arthur Canal to the jetties, 125 feet from the Gulf Refining Co.'s private turning basin in Taylors Bayou to the west turning basin at head of old Port Arthur Canal, 125 feet wide from the junction of old Port Arthur Canal and old Sabine-Neches Canal through the latter to the mouth of the Neches River, including the necessary widening of three passing places, 125 feet wide in cuts and 150 feet wide in open water in the Neches River from the mouth to Beaumont, with the necessary enlargement of the old turning basin at Beaumont, 125 feet wide from the mouth of the Neches River to the cut-off in the Sabine River in the vicinity of the Orange municipal wharf. The existing project also provides for the two turning basins at head of old Port Arthur Canal, one 600 feet by 1,700 feet and the other 420 feet by 1,800 feet, and the ap- proach thereto from the junction of Sabine-Neches and Port Arthur Canals to be deepened to 30 feet to a line 75 feet from the harbor lines; for an anchorage basin, near Sabine Light, 32 feet deep at mean low water over an area of about 2,000 by 1,000 feet; for two rubble mound jetties at the pass, the eastern jetty to be 25,270 feet long and the western jetty 21,860 feet long, for maintaining the pres- ent channel under the old project between the cut-off near Orange (length, about 1 mile), and includes the guard lock in the canal below the Neches River. The mean tidal variation at the entrance is about 11 feet, at Port Arthur about 1 foot, and at Orange and Beaumont about five-tenths foot. The effect of the wind is often greater than that of the tide. The estimate of cost for new work is $2,191,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects (of which $32,000 is to be contributed by local interests). The estimate for annual main- tenance (exclusive of the cost of maintenance and operation of the lock) is $256,000. These estimates were made in 1919 and 1922. Guard lock in Sabine-Neches Canal. Location : Above Port Arthur- -___ -__------------miles__ 6 Above mouth of canal -------------------------------- do 9 Dimensions: Width of chamber ------ -------------------------- feet- 80 Greatest length available for full width------------------do. 586 Depth: On miter sills at mean low Gulf level-------do-_---- 28 Lift : Tidewater lock. Character of foundation: Piles in earth. Year of completion: 1916. Actual cdst: $222,687.11. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of February 27, 1911, provided for the guard lock (H. Doc. No. 1290, 61st Cong., 3d sess.) ; the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the present dimensions of the jetties (H. Doc. No. 773, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of September 22, 1922, pro- vided for the present dimensions of the channels and turning basins 922 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. (H. Doc. No. 975, 66th Cong., 3d sess., and S. Doc. No. 152, 67th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 975, Sixty-sixth Congress, third session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-In 1902 the Kansas City Southern Railway Co. paid. $8,800 for dredging done in the jetty channel by the U. S. dredge Sabine. The old Port Arthur Canal, with turning and lumber basin, was originally constructed by private interests at a cost, including a strip of land 150 feet wide along the entire canal, of $1,023,982.85, and transferred free to the United States, being ac- cepted by the Secretary of War December 13, 1906. The following table gives a summary of the condition of the canal at the time of its acceptance by the United States: Width Average between Maximum Minimum width. 20-foot depth. depth. contours. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. Canal .............................................. 37, 600 200 80 25.1 22.0 Turning basin.... ............................. 1 800 625 530 27.1 23.7 Lumber basin... .............................. 1, 200 160 100 26. 2 23.1 Local interests furnished 'free of cost to the United States the land needed for the new turning basin, as required by the existing project. The conditions imposed by the river and harbor act of February 27, 1911, required the Beaumont navigation district or other local interests and the Orange navigation district or other local interests to furnish free of cost to the United States the necessary right of way for the improvement and to contribute one-half of the estimated cost of the project, namely, $428,000 and $143,500, respectively. The law also provided that the Beaumont navigation district or other local interests should become bound in manner satisfactory to the Secretary of War to maintain for three years following completion sections A and C and to maintain the guard lock without cost to the United States until otherwise provided by law; and that the Orange navigation district or other local interests should likewise become bound to maintain section B for a period of three years following its completion. All of these conditions were met. The act of March 4, 1915, relieved the Beaumont navigation dis- trict or other local interests from maintaining for three years the open portion of the channel from the Port Arthur Canal to the Neches River. To cover certain work not otherwise provided for the Beaumont navigation district of Jefferson County, Tex., contributed an additional sum of $5,689.33 under the authority of section 8 of p the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, and $765.67 under the provisions of section 4 of the river and harbor act of March 4, 1915. The contributions of the Beaumont navigation district to March 1, 1922, have been $512,368.86, of which $434,928.35 was for new work ($323,579.80 on section C and $111,348.55 on guard lock) and $77,- 440.51 for maintenance ($16,512.50 on section C and $60,928.01 on guard lock). The contributions of the Orange County navigation district have been $234,973.13, of which $142,578.43 was for new work RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 923 and $92,394.70 for maintenance. The total expenditures of local in- terests to March 1, 1922, have been $747,341.99. The act of March 2, 1919, required that local interests shall furnish and maintain such protection works as in the judgment of the Chief of Engineers may be necessary for the safe passage of vessels through the lock in the Sabine-Neches Canal near Port Arthur, Tex., and the entrances thereto, and shall furnish free of cost to the United States the portions of the island at Beaumont turning basin to be re- moved, provide suitable dumping grounds, and agree to maintain the additional work recommended in the same manner as they now maintain the present improvement until May 24, 1919. This last condition is no longer applicable. The local interests have submitted deeds for the portion of the island to be removed, have erected suitable fenders and guide walls at the.lock in accordance with plans approved by the Chief of En- gineers April 15, 1921, have promised to provide suitable dumping grounds, and are furnishing and maintaining all work on the guard lock required. The river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, adopting the pres- ent revised project for the enlargement of the channel provided that no expense should be incurred by the United States for acquiring any lands required for the purpose of the improvement. It provided fur- ther "that before entering upon the prosecution of the improvements herein authorized local interests shall guarantee in a manner satis- factory to the Secretary of War that the United States will be held free from any claim for damages resulting from execution of the work hereby authorized." It also required (in accordance with S. Doc. 152, 67th Cong., 2d sess., and H. Doc. 975, 66th Cong., 3d sess.) that local interests must provide one-half the cost of dredging the channel from mouth of Neches River to Orange, estimated at $175,000, and $178,500 for dredging the channel in the Neches River to Beaumont and provide the full amount of the first cost (estimated at $32,000) of deepening to 30 feet, 125 feet wide, the privately con- structed canal and cut-off between the west turning basin and the Gulf Refining Co. turning basin in Taylors Bayou which is taken over under the new project, and must deed to the United States free of cost the channel and cut-off and a strip of land approximately 20 feet wide on each side thereof. All these requirements have not yet been complied with by the local interests. However, the local interests are understood to have the $178,500, to be provided for dredg- ing in the Neches River, ready to turn over to the United States; the Gulf Refining Co. is dredging at its own expense, in lieu of contribut- ing the $32,000, the privately constructed canal and cut-off between the west turning basin and the Gulf Refining Co.'s turning basin; and some progress has been made in acquiring the necessary lands for making the improvement. Terminal facilities.-At Sabine there is a wharf 720 feet long for handling of bulk oil served by pipe lines. There are also two slips and a wharf with shed about 400 feet long and another wharf about 275 feet long. Both these wharves have appliances for handling cargoes of menhaden fish and one has branch rail connection with the Southern Pacific Railway. Between the towns of Sabine and Sabine Pass there is a modern sulphur loading plant consisting of a wharf about 400 feet long with conveyors and traveling cranes 924 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. owned by the Union Sulphur Co., and having branch rail connec- tion with the Southern Pacific Railway; also there is a wharf about 400 feet long served by pipe lines for handling of fuel oil. At the town of Sabine Pass there is a wharf about 240 feet long for handling bulk oil. This is served by pipe lines, has connection with loading racks and also has branch rail connection with the Southern Pacific Railway. At Port Arthur there are wharves and docks with a total linear frontage of 7,919 feet, with extensive warehouses and sheds, and a modern grain elevator of 555,000 bushels capacity. The warehouses and sheds are not equipped with mechanical appliances, but are so constructed that cargo of all kinds can be handled. On the Port Arthur turning basin there are also modern wharves, 3,100 feet in length, with warehouses equipped with pipe lines for loading bulk oil and two conveyors for handling case oil, and on Taylors Bayou, about 1i miles above the Port Arthur turning basin, is a con- crete wharf 2,054 feet long, with modern warehouses, used exclusively for handling oil. All these Port Arthur wharves have railway and highway connections. All wharves above mentioned are privately owned, but all vessels dock thereat on equal terms. At the city of Port Arthur a small slip had been excavated in the bank of the canal and a small wharf provided for boats bringing produce, fish, and oysters, and taking out supplies. At Orange, on Sabine River, there are two small wharves owned by the city, used by small vessels free; in addition to these there are several privately owned and operated wharves, two of which are equipped with tramways for handling of lumber. The city has excavated a channel 200 feet wide and 3,000 feet long, extending from the right bank of Sabine River about 1,500 feet below the cut- off toward the town. On the west bank of this channel the city owns and operates a wharf 822 feet long with ample warehouses and having connection with all railroads entering the city. On the east bank of the city channel is a wharf 450 feet long, equipped with tramways, etc., for loading of lumber. The present facilities are adequate for existing commerce. At Beaumont, on the Neches River, the city owns and operates 1,500 feet of wharves, 1,000 feet being of concrete construction, with warehouses and electric-crane equipment. These wharves are open to all on equal terms and have connection with all railroads. There is a concrete wharf 1,515 feet long a little over a mile below the turning basin. This wharf is equipped for handling of oil and oil products through pipe lines. There is also a wharf 400 feet long on land owned by the city just upstream from the turning basin. This wharf has railway connection and is used mostly for loading of lumber. Both at Orange and at Beaumont a number of small wharves have been erected by the various shipbuilding companies for their own use. At Port Neches, on the Neches River, the Texas Co. owns and operates privately a wharf 468 feet long, with frame warehouse 96 by 312 feet, equipped with pipe lines for handling oil and having rail connection for handling of general cargo. Also, the Magnolia Petroleum Co. has recently erected a wharf 250 feet long on right bank of Neches River about 1 mile above Port Neches. This wharf is served by pipe lines. Near the mouth of the left bank of Neches River a wharf is being erected by the Humble Oil & Refining Co., RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 925 which will, when completed, be equipped with pipe lines for handling of oil. The present facilities are adequate for the exist- ing commerce, and there is ample room for future enlargement. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvements have enabled deep- draft ocean-going vessels to enter, and have resulted in the develop- ment of a very large commerce, principally crude and refined pe- troleum. The extension of the channel to Beaumont and Orange has resulted in saving the cost of lighterage on large quantities of oils and lumber. A further result has been that Beaumont and Orange have been placed on a parity with other Gulf ports as to freight rates on export and import traffic from Chicago, St. Louis, Kansas City, and other commercial centers. Operations and results during fiscal year.-A new survey was made of the waterway from the Gulf to the head of Sabine-Neches Canal. Bids were opened June 22, 1923, for extending the west jetty at Sabine Pass from station 158 plus 60 to station 181 plus 00 and extending the apron beyond station 181 plus 00 if available funds permit. The dredge Galveston, borrowed from Galveston Harbor project was operated in the channel between the jetties and on the outer bar at Sabine Pass between January and June 1923, removing 1,495,273 cubic yards. On June 23, 1923, the channel between the jetties was completed to project dimensions, 200 feet wide and 30 feet deep. During September and October, 1922, and from February to June, 1923, the U. S. dredge Edwin R. Kimble and the Gulf Refining Co.'s dredge No. 7, working by lease on a daily rental basis, were operated in Port Arthur Canal at entrance to the turning basins at Port Arthur and in the east turning basin, removing 395,503 cubic yards. The U. S. dredge Edwin R. Kimble removed 481,756 cubic yards from shoaled portions of Sabine-Neches Canal, 42,889 cubic yards from shoals near mile 19, Neches River, and 67,940 cubic yards from between miles 154 and 164, Neches River. The dredge Matagorda operated under lease on a daily rental basis, removed 74,- 000 cubic yards from the Beaumont turning basin and the shoal immediately below. The maintenance and operation of the guard lock in the Sabine-Neches Canal was accomplished by local interests at their expense as required. The amount expended was $367,092.76 of which $192,840.96 was for new work and $174,251.80 for main- tenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-That portion of the existing pro- ject as regards jetties is about 80 per cent completed. The east jetty is completed to its full height of 5 feet above mean low Gulf level the full length of 25,270 feet; the west jetty is completed to its full height of 4 feet above mean low Gulf level for a length of 15,860 feet, to an average of 10 feet below said level for a length of 2,240 feet, to an average 15 feet below said level or practically level with the bottom for 1,500 feet, and no work has been done on the remaining 2,260 feet. Bids were opened June 22, 1922, for com- pleting the west jetty from station 158 plus 60 to station 181 plus 00 and if funds permit placing some apron stone immediately beyond station 181 plus 00. The channel between the jetties has been dredged to project dimen- sions. The controlling depth on the bar and in the jetty channel on 926 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. June 30, 1923, was 30.5 feet over a least width of 200 feet. The con- trolling depth in Port Arthur Canal on, June 30, 1923, was 27 feet over a least width of 70 feet. Maintenance dredging in the Sabine-Neches Canal and Neches River resulted in securing a controlling depth on June 30, 1923, of 23 feet in the Neches River, 20 feet in the Sabine River and 23 feet in the Sabine-Neches Canal. Specifications were approved and the Government portion of funds were available for requesting bids for dredging to project dimen- sions from mouth of Port Arthur Canal to about station 335 of Sabine-Neches Canal but some of the local interests failed to meet their requirements. The total expended to end of fiscal year was $538,573.63 of which $365,909.32 was for new work and $172,664.31 for maintenance. Proposed operations. The United States funds unexpended July 1, 1923, amounting to $1,015,604.80, together with $353,500 to be furnished by local interests as their share of the project, a total of $1,369,104.80, will be expended as follows: (1) Widening and deepen- ing channel up past Port Arthur by contract, $8Q0,000; (2) repairing, building up, and extending west jetty at Sabine Pass in accordance with the approved project, $304,000; (3) deepening east and west turning basins at Port Arthur to project depth of 30 feet, $50,000; (4) maintenance dredging of waterway wherever needed by United States pipe-line dredge at the rate of $12,000 per month, $96,000; (5) maintenance jetty channel and outer bar by United States sea- going hopper dredge at $20,000 per month, $70,000; (6) repairs and additions to United States plant, $30,000; (7) superintendence, sur- veys, etc., $19,104.80. It is expected that the funds will be ex- hausted about April 1, 1924. With the $986,000 which can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925 it is proposed to do the following work:(1) Repairs and additions to United States plant and equipment, $32,000; (2) maintain the waterway with United States pipe-line dredge at $12,000 per month, $144,000, and United States seagoing hopper dredge at $20,000 per month, $60,000; (3) widen and deepen the channel by contract from about Port Arthur to the mouth of the Neches River, $400,000, and dredge the necessary cut-offs and ease- ments in the Neches River and West Pass in the Sabine River by contract, $350,000. The amount to be applied to maintenance ($236,000) is greater than the average expended for maintenance during the past five years, for the reason that during that time adequate maintenance has been somewhat curtailed on account of difficulties in securing dredg- ing plant. The increase is also partly due to the fact that all three sections of the waterway are now being maintained by the United States instead of by local interests. Commercial statistics.-In general the commerce for 1922 con- sisted of crude petroleum and its refined products, lumber and forest products, sulphur, cotton, iron and steel, and general merchandise. The increase in tonnage for 1919 was due to the return to more nor- mal conditions and its value to the increased value of fuel oil. The marked increase in tonnage for 1920 was due to the same cause, there being a general increase at nearly all ports in this district. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 927 A strike of seamen which resulted in tying up of many ships for a considerable period and a halt in imports of oil from Mexican fields on account of an objectionable export duty are the chief causes of the decrease in tonnage during 1921. The.marked increase in tonnage shown for Sabine River in 1921 is probably due principally to the fact that more complete statements of the movement of commodities were secured than were obtained for previous years, but local tonnage was actually increased con- siderably on account of movement of much material by water to the oil field on Cow Bayou a few miles from the city of Orange. This local tonnage decreased during 1922. The full project depth is needed for practically all the commerce. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats, 24 to 281 feet to Port Arthur turning basin and 22 to 23 feet to Beaumont and Orange. Comparative statement. Sabine Pass. Port Arthur Canal. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1918 .................................... 7, 261187 $195, 298,448 5, 956,580 $164, 460,622 1919.................................... 8,140, 831 234, 749,351 6, 948,502 215 857032 1920...................................... 1,150 693 119 486, 992 '9,494,260 253, 421, 455 1921 ............................................ 1,146, 214 18, 744,446 47, 051,500 206 050,796 1922 ................... 474, 411 6....................... 61, 25, 723,093 7,736, 708 182, 098, 512 Sabine River. Neches River. Sabine-Neches Canal. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1918.................... 205,768 $3, 458,539 1, 100,047 $37, 286,939 1,293, 376 $41, 038,100 1919..................... 207, 422 4,372, 178 2, 167,801 92, 609,536 2 383, 872 96, 403,248 1920..................... 263, 812 6,018, 282 2,960,525 135 746,913 3,208,546 140 383,103 1921 ................... 829,188 10,701,588 2984,678 109 743008 3,289945 116 414 870 1922 ................... 419, 632 9, 544, 353 2,359,082 48,955,409 82,423,214 51259 679 1 Exclusive of 10,695,466 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $393,467,955. Statistics for previous years do not show cargoes in transit separately. 2 Exclusive of 3,128,891 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $140,326,024. 8 Exclusive of 9,729,173 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $316,477,350. 4Exclusive of 3,041,747 tons cragoes in transit, valued at $113,777,650. 6 This is principally in transit, there being only 248,1971 tons internal traffic valued at $2,637,220, which is included. 6 Exclusive of 9,486,844 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $227,047,359. 7 Exclusive of 2,184,896 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $53,080,500. 8 Of this 2,184,896 tons, valued at $50,244,785 was in transit. Financial surmary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $220,228.79: New work----------- ------ ------------- ------- $6, 286, 387. 39 Maintenance---------------- ----------------------- 2, 957, 251. 71 Net total expended ---------------------------- 9,243,639. 10 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 10,259, 243. 90 x In addition to these amounts there was expended $577,506.78 from contributed funds. 61687---ENo 1923-----59 928 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 . .. . ... . Expended for new work 1 . $162.70 $187, 347.16 $74, 085. 91.............. $192 840.96 Expended for maintenance 1..... 71, 780.99 162,049.21 374, 242.52 $249, 196.98 174,251.80 Total expended 1.......... 71,943.69 349, 396.37 448, 328.43 249,196.98 -367,092. 76 Appropriated or allotted......... 135,000.00 .............. 344,400.00 355,000.00 930, 000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended --- ----------------- _ $401, 491. 32 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923----------------- --------------- 930, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 ---------- 51, 206. 24 1,382, 697. 56 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year:' For new work---------- ---------------- $192,840.96 For maintenance- -- ------------ 174, 251. 80 367, 092. 76 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--_-----------------------1, 015, 604. 80 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts---------- 24, 620. 80 July 1, 1923, balance available_____________________________ 990, 984. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project--------------- ------- 1, 719, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work--__------- ' 750, 000. 00 For maintenance_ . __-......... __.. ___.- '236, 000. 00 2_ Total--- ---------------------------------------- 986, 000. 00 2. JOHNSONS BAYOU, LA. Location and description.-Johnsons Bayou rises in the extreme southwestern portion of Louisiana and flows northwest about 7 miles to Sabine Lake. That portion above Deep Bayou, 4j miles from the mouth, is known also as Shallow Bayou. Both Johnsons and Shallow Bayous are crooked, with many sharp bends, have widths from 50 to 125 feet, and are tidal throughout the navigable portion. No dis- charge measurements have been made. The drainage area is approx- imately 36 square miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1116.) Original condition.-The minimum usable mean low-water depths were as follows: Across the bar, about 2j feet; from the bar to within a few hundred yards of the junction of Shallow and Deep Bayous, about 5 feet; and thence to and in Shallow Bayou, about 2- feet. At high tide light-draft boats went up Shallow Bayou about 1 mile, making the total length of the navigable portion of this waterway 5J miles. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a 6-foot channel at mean low Gulf level through the bar at the mouth of Johnsons Bayou. No width was specified. The mean tidal variation is about 1 foot, the 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS---GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 929 extreme being about 8 feet, due to storms. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1897, is $2,500. No estimate for annual cost of maintenance has been approved. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899 (H. Doc. No. 299, 54th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1897, p. 1789). No map has been published. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is one small wharf about 20 feet long situated at the " lower landing." It is owned by the Ward and is free for public use. This wharf has highway connections but no freight- handling facilities are available nor is there connection with a rail- road. It is sufficient for present requirements. Effect of improvement.--This waterway affords the only outlet for the commerce of the locality. The improvement has facilitated navi- gation across the bar. Operatians and results during fiscal year.-During May,.1923, the bar at mouth was dredged to a depth of 7.feet below mean low Gulf level. The amount expended was $4,350.50, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1899. The controlling depth on the bar at the end of the fiscal year was about 7 feet at mean low Gulf level. A total of $22,878.89 has been expended, of which $2,261.35 was for new work and $20,617.54 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-With the funds unexpended July 1, 1923, amounting to $2,678.15, it is proposed to redredge the channel to remove shoals in the fiscal year 1924 by operating a United States dredge about 10 days at rate of $9,000 per month, provided such plant becomes available, or do the work by contract. It is ex- pected that the funds will be exhausted about December 31, 1923. With the additional $7,000 that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925 it is proposed to redredge the channel to project depth. This amount exceeds the average expended for maintenance on this improvement during the last five years on account of the increased cost of dredging and the cost of getting plant now avail- able to and from the site. Commercial statistics.-The principal items of freight moved dur- ing 1922 were livestock, cordwood, oil, country produce, and gen- eral merchandise. Commerce is carried on with gasoline boats and with barges. The full project depth is needed for practically all the commerce. Decrease in tonnage for 1921 was probably due to decline in population of the community served, the greater relative decrease in value being due to drop in prices of all commodities. The increase for 1922 was due to the movement of a large number of cattle. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats, 2 to 3 feet. Comparative statement. 930 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work------------------------------- $2, 261. 35 Maintenance---- ------------------------ ----------- 20, 617. 54 Net total expended____---------------------------------- 22, 878.89 Total appropriations to date of this report 557. 04 2---------------------5, Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work..... ......... ........... ........................ Expended for maintenance............ ............ $5,213.90 .............. 350.50 $4, Appropriated or allotted........ .......................... 6,000.00 3,000.00 ............. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---- --------------------- $7, 028. 65 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 4, 350. 50 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---- _.2, 678. 15 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance--- ---------------------- __ 17, 000. 00 GALVESTON HARBOR, GALVESTON CHANNEL, PORT BOLIVAR CHAN- NEL, TEXAS CITY CHANNEL, AND HOUSTON SHIP CHANNEL, TEX. (GROUP A.) 3. GALVESTON HARBOR, TEX. (Al.) Location and description.--This harbor is situated on the Gulf of Mexico, on the northern portion of the coast of Texas, 345 miles west of the mouth of the Mississippi River, 180 miles northeast of Aransas Pass, and 280 miles northeast from the Rio Grande. The harbor extends from the Gulf through the pass between the jetties on Galveston Island and Bolivar Peninsula to Bolivar Roads, where it connects with the ship channels to Galveston, Texas City, Houston, and Port Bolivar. The harbor lies between Galveston Island, Peli- can Island, and Bolivar Peninsula, and has an anchorage area of 744 acres with over 30 feet depth. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Stir- vey chart No. 1116 or 1117.) Original condition.-The entrance was obstructed by two bars, with depth of about 9 feet on the inner and 12 feet on the outer bar at mean low tide, with no fixed channel. Only very light draft ves- sels entered Galveston, cargoes being lightered to larger vessels an- chored in deep water in the Gulf of Mexico beyond the outer bar. Previous projects.-Adopted by river and harbor act approved June 23, 1874. Modified by river and harbor act approved June 14, 1880. Modified and enlarged by river and harbor act approved Au- gust 5, 1886. Total expended under previous projects, prior to the beginning of the existing project in 1907, including repairs made to jetties damaged by storm of 1900, was $8,508,123.29, of which $8,421,996.57 was for new work and $86,126.72 was for main- tenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1854, Annual Report for 1915. 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 931 Existing project.-This provides for two rubblestone jetties ex- tending, respectively, from Galveston Island and Bolivar Peninsula gulfward to the 30-foot contour and whose present lengths are 35,900 and 25,907 feet, respectively, and for additional maintenance of the channel by the operation of the 20-inch seagoing hydraulic dredge Galveston. The project further provides for the excavation of an experimental channel 35 feet deep at mean low tide and 800 feet wide from the Gulf to Galveston Channel, a distance of about 6 miles, and its maintenance for a period of two years, at the end of which period the advisability of permanently adopting the above-quoted dimen- sions was to be determined; the original plan (see H. Doc. No. 758, 65th Cong., 2d sess.) to dredge a channel 35 feet deep and 800 feet wide from the Gulf across the outer bar, thence following the jetty channel into and across the inner bar, was modified slightly to that now being prosecuted. This contemplates dredging to 34 feet depth on the outer bar only, where heavy wave action is met and only doing such occasional maintenance dredging on the inner bar as will insure about 32 feet depth, where wave action is very much reduced. This plan is also consonant with the recommendation of the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors as to the proposed depth (30 feet) to be maintained in Galveston Channel, as compared to the increased depths required on the inner and outer bars of the entrance jetty channel, known as Galveston Harbor. The method of secur- ing a 34-foot channel by dredging, using available Government plant, was selected in preference to the exceedingly expensive method of further jetty extensions to accomplish with less certainty about the same result. (H. Doc. No. 328, 61st Cong., 2d sess., and H. Doc. No. 758, 65th Cong., 2d sess.) Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is 2 feet on the outer bar and 1.64 feet on the inner bar. The extreme ranges are 2.76 and 2.27 feet, respectively. The height of the tides is de- pendent largely on the wind, and during strong " northers" in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 2 feet below mean low tide. The revised estimated cost of continuing the existing experimental dredging project, made March 30, 1922, is $120,000 annually for maintenance. The present jetties were authorized by the river and harbor act approved August 5, 1886 (H. Doc. No. 85, 49th Cong., 1st sess.); their extension and the construction and operation of a new dredge by the river and harbor act approved March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 340, 59th Cong., 2d sess., as modified by R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 11, 59th Cong., 2d sess.), and the deepening of the channel to 35 feet, with width of 800 feet for an experimental period of two years by the river and harbor act approved July 18, 1918 (H. Doc. No. 758, 65th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest map is printed in the Annual Report for 1915, page 2623. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-A pile revetment about 1 mile long was con- structed by the city of Galveston in the vicinity of Fort Point in 1869-70 to prevent erosion and direct the current across the inner bar. The available funds for construction of jetties becoming ex- hausted, the city of Galveston contributed the sum of $100,000 in 932 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. May, 1883, to carry on the work of improvement, pending con- gressional appropriations. Terminal facilities.-There are no terminal facilities on Galves- ton Harbor. Terminal facilities are, however, located on Galveston Channel, Texas City Channel, Port Bolivar Channel, and the Hous- ton Ship Channel, which are tributaries of Galveston Harbor and are described under reports on these waterways. (For a full de- scription of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Has created a deep-water port on the western side of the Gulf of Mexico giving an outlet to the products of the States west of the Mississippi River and making Galveston, during normal times just previous to the World War, the second port .of the United States in value of exports. During the past six years a' large tonnage of freight from the Pacific coast has been transferred to coastwise vessels at Galveston and shipped to Atlantic ports in competition with the all-water route via Panama Canal. Ocean freight rates on all commodities had been decreasing until the outbreak of the World War, when the shortage of vessels forced rates liup to unusual heights. Since the removal of the artificial rail freight-rate barrier against Galveston, the port has become the largest grain export port of the country. It is also an important gateway for importation of oil from Mexico, and retains its prestige as a cotton export point. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done on the jetties owing to the fact that necessary funds were not avail- able. The United States seagoing dredge Galveston performed no work on the 35=foot channel during the year, none being urgently needed. The total expended for the year for surveys, upkeep of tugs, lauches, repairs to dredges, etc., was $107,902.01, all charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in the fiscal year 1910 (except the modified 35-foot channel) by the extension of the jetties gulfward on each side of the pass, with a crest of 5 feet above mean low tide. The modified 35-foot channel was completed March, 1922. The tidal scour, assisted by dredging, had previously formed a channel midway between the jetties 32.5 feet deep at mean low tide and 1,450 feet wide betwen the 30-foot contours. As shown by survey completed June 15, 1923, the limiting depth is now 34 feet in the outer bar channel and 321 feet in the inner channel. The outer channel has a width of 500 feet in its narrowest part; the inner, a width of about 700 feet at its narrowest part, at the above limiting depths. The old channel around the outer end of the south jetty has become obliterated and is no longer used. The breaks in the north jetty show some slight increases in area over that reported last year, and the need of repairs is urgent. The work remaining to be done is the repair of the jetties and maintenance by dredging of the modified 35-foot channel. A total of $3,433,248.81 has been expended, of which $2,441,080.43 was for new work, including cost of seagoing dredge Galveston, and $992,- 168.38 for maintenance. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 933 Proposed operations.-With the funds unexpended July 1, 1923, amounting to $148,680.97 it is proposed to maintain the 35-foot channel by the use of the U. S. seagoing dredge Galveston for about 5 months at a cost of about $15,000 per month ($75,000), to expend about $48,357.92 in repairs to plant, surveys etc., and about $25,- 323.05 in upkeep, superintendence, inspection, and central office over- head. It is expected that the funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. With the additional $240,000 that can be profitably expended dur- ing the fiscal year 1925, it is proposed to do such maintenance dredg- ing as shall become necessary prior to June 30, 1925, at an expendi- ture of about $70,000; to repair the north jetty between station 220 and station 150 and between station 110 and station 50 and to make such repairs to the outer end of the south jetty as may be urgently needed at an expenditure of about $150,000, and to re- pair and maintain United States plant, care for overhead expenses etc., at an expenditure of about $20,000. The amount required for maintenance exceeds the average ex- pended for that purpose during the last five years, as no maintenance work has been done on the jetties during this period and because of the increased cost of dredging. Commercial statistics.-All the coastwise and foreign commerce for Galveston, Texas City, Port Bolivar, and Houston goes through the entrance to Galveston Bay. The chief articles of export for 1922 were cotton and cotton products, wheat, rice flour, oil (crude and refined), manufactured iron and steel, sulphur, zinc ore products, and forest products; and of imports, fuel oil, fruits, sisal, sugar, and general merchandise. The chief articles of coastwise traffic were groceries, general merchandise, and crude oil, inbound; and cotton, copper bullion, barley, rice, wool, lumber, crude oil, and sulphur, outbound. The increase in tonnage and value for 1919 is accounted for by return to more normal conditions and to increase in low- value fuel oil. Increase for 1920 and 1921 due to the same cause. The decrease for 1922 is believed to be due to economic conditions in Europe. Relative increase in value due to rise in prices of all com- modities. Usual limits of draft for loaded vessels, 20 to 271 feet. Two vessels, however, went out during 1922 drawing 30 feet 6 inches. The full project depth is especially needed for the ships engaged in foreign trade. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918........... 3,829,218 $517,330,538 2,440 1921.......... 11, 542,791 $694,489,412 4,214 1919.......... 4,338, 992 888, 691, 373 2,100 1922........ 10,230,565 815,066,009 6,384 1920........... 10,609,583 999, 271,795 2,079 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $270,698.38. New work---------- ---------------------------- $10, 863, 077. 00 Maintenance ---------- --------------------- , 078, 295.10 Net total expended - ------------------------ 11, 941, 372. 10 Total appropriations to date of this report-- -. ..----- 12, 090, 053. 07 934 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMVY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work' ........ ... ... 144,916.64 308, 964.02 $128,713.37 ........... Expended for maintenance 1..... $13, 658.24 ,... 96........ .. ,7... . $107,902. 5.......... 01 Appropriated or allotted......... 18, 000. 00 ............. 100, 000.00 98,000.00 91,053.07 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---------- --------- $108, 885.94 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved March 2, 1923-----------------------------------90, 000.00 Amount transferred from Trinity River, Tex ------------------- 1, 053. 07 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923- --------------- 56, 643. 97 256, 582. 98 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for main- 1 tenance -- ----------------- 107, 902. 01 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--------- ----------------- 148, 680. 97 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-------1,-------------------- 357.92 July 1, 1923, balance available------------------------------ 147, 323. 05 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance------------------------------- 240, 000. 00 4. GALVESTON CHANNEL, TEX. (A2.) Location and description.-This channel extends from a point in (Galveston Harbor between Bolivar Peninsula and Fort Point across the former inner bar to and along the wharf front of Galveston, and has a length of about 5 miles and a width of 1,200 feet; it is about 5 miles southwest of Port Bolivar and 7 miles southeast of Texas City. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1116 or 1117.) Original condition.-Inside the inner bar, which had a minimum depth of 9 feet, the channel had a depth varying from 20 to 30 feet at mean low tide, with the deepest part opposite Twentieth Street, and with a width of about 500 feet between the 18-foot contours. It was navigable to Forty-first Street, a distance of about 5 miles. Previous projects.-Adopted by river and harbor act approved June 13, 1902, and modified by the river and harbor act approved March 2, 1907. A total of $549,735.12 was expended to June 30, 1907, and prior to the beginning of the present project in 1907, of which $501,049.37 was for new work and $48,685.75 for maintenance. (For further details of previous projects see p. 1855, Annual Report for 1915.) Existing project.-This provides for a channel 30 feet deep at mean low tide and 1,200 feet wide from the outer end of the old inner bar, near Fort Point, to Fifty-first Street in the city of Gal- veston; for its extension when the interests of navigation and com- merce require it, with a width of 1,000 feet and depth of 30 feet, to Fifty-seventh Street; and for an extension of the existing sea wall, which lies along the Gulf front of Galveston, from its angle at Sixth Street and Broadway to the south jetty, with protection at its junc- tion with the south jetty, this extension of the sea wall being for the SNot deducting receipts from sales, etc. SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. ,93-5 purpose of protecting the outer end of the channel from the effects of hurricanes. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is about 1.1 feet and the extreme range about 1.6 feet. The height of tide is dependent largely on the wind, and during strong " northers " in the winter season the Water surface may be depressed 2 feet below mean low tide. The estimated cost of the channel was $1,769,710 (made in 1908) and of the sea-wall extension $2,986,000 (revised in 1922), exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. No estimate of mainte- nance was given. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for the excavation of the channel 1,200 feet wide, 30 feet deep from outer end of inner bar to Fifty-first Street (H. Doc. No. 264, 56th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the extension of the channel from Fifty-first Street to Fifty-sixth Street, with a widthl of 700 feet and depth of 30 feet (H. Doc. No. 768, 59th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the extension of the channel at such time as the interests of navigation and commerce demand to Fifty-seventh Street, with a width of 1,000 feet and depth of 30 feet between Fifty- first and Fifty-seventh Streets (H. Doc. No. 328, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); the act of July 27, 1916, provided for the extension of the sea wall from angle at Sixth Street and Broadway to a point abreast of the nearest battery 'at Fort San Jacinto (H. Doc. No. 1390, 62d Cong., 3d sess.) ; and the act of September 22, 1922, provided for the further extension to junction with the south jetty and protecting it at this junction, and for repairing the sea wall in front of the Fort Crockett Reservation (H. Doc. No. 693, 66th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest maps are published in the Annual Report for 1914, page 2285, and House Document No. 693, Sixty-sixth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The city of Galveston in 1869-70 built about 1 mile of pile bulkhead on the south side of the inner bar near Fort Point to protect the east end of the island from erosion and to direct the currents across the inner bar. The Southern Pacific Steamship Co. has built a pile dike 3,757 feet long in extension of the Govern- ment pile and brush dike on the opposite side of the channel and in front of their wharves; this company and the Galveston Wharf Co. maintain the required depths in their slips and for 50 to 75 feet in front of the face of their wharves by dredging at their own expense. The river and harbor act approved July 27, 1916, which made provision for the extension of the sea wall, provided that no money shall be expended and no cortract entered into under this appro- priation until the county or city of Galveston and other local in- terests shall have donated certain land (about 600 acres) on the east end of Galveston Island, as set forth in House Document No. 1390, Sixty-second Congress, second session, and shall have quieted all claims to the present San Jacinto military reservation, nor until the said county or city of Galveston shall have obtained a right of way and made provision in a manner satisfactory to the Secretary of War for paying the cost of constructing at least 3,300. feet of similar sea-wall extension in addition to that appropriated for by the United States: Providedfurther, "That the entire work of construction shall 936 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. be done under the direction of the Secretary of War, and the funds appropriated by Congress and those furnished by the county or city of Galveston shall be expended by him." All these conditions have been complied with, and approval was given by the Secretary of War October 17, 1917. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities at Galveston are the most extensive on the Texas coast. They are located almost entirely on the south side of the channel and extend from Tenth Street to Forty-fifth Street, a distance of 2 miles. The wharf system con- sists o'f wooden piers with slips between, 13 in all, varying in length from 600 to 1,200 feet and in breadth from 170 to 250 feet. On the piers are wooden sheds, except at Piers 35, 39, 40, and 41, where rein- forced-concrete sheds have been built. The wharf system has suffi- cient capacity to furnish berthage for about 63 average-size ocean- going freight carriers at one time. At the east end of the wharf front (Tenth Street) is a small transfer wharf belonging to the Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Railway and used in transferring trains be- tween Galveston and Port Bolivar. From Tenth Street to Forty- first Street extend the wharves of the Galveston Wharf Co. From Forty-first to Forty-fifth Streets are three piers belonging to the Southern Pacific Railroad system. In addition to the wharves the terminal facilities include the following: On the Galveston Wharf Co.'s property three grain elevators, one having a capacity of 2,100,000 bushels, one 1,600,000 bushels, and one 650,000 bushels; a sulphur-loading plant having a capacity of 500 tons per hour; a coal dock; and 40.3 miles of railroad, sidings, switches, etc. On the Southern Pacific Terminal Co.'s property, one grain elevator of 1,000,000 bushels capacity and 38 miles of railroad, siding, switches, etc., including the main line of this railroad and its yards to the bay causeway. The Gulf Refining Co. and the Mexican Petroleum Co. have constructed piers, storage tanks, and pumping stations at the east end of the channel for the purpose of handling their own oil. On the north side of the channel a 10,000-ton floating dry dock has been constructed and been in operation since November, 1919. In connection with this is a marine railway and general repair yard. Other ship-repair yards are located on the same side of the channel. The terminal facilities are all privately owned. Those of the Gal- veston Wharf Co. are open to all carriers on equal terms. The transfer wharf oa the Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Railway is used by it exclusively. The Southern Pacific wharves are used princi- pally by the Atlantic Steamship Lines, a subsidiary of the Southern Pacific system, but one pier is also used to some extent by other ocean carriers for export trade and is open to all such carriers on equal terms. The terminal facilities at Galveston are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For further information, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Has been to make Galveston during nor- mal times, just previous to the World War, the second port of the United States in value of exports, providing a convenient outlet for the products of the Middle and Southwestern States. Operations and results during fiscal year.-During the fiscal year the dredge Col. A. M. Miller removed 1,795,125 cubic yards of ma- terial in the maintenance of the channel between Fort Point Light and Pier 39. A total of $204,737.46 was expended on this work and RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 937 on surveys, repair and upkeep of dredges and other plant, superin- tendence, inspection, office expenses, etc., all charged to maintenance. Work on the sea-wall extension was confined to are and upkeep of plant until May 5, 1923, when work of completing the first project and continuing the second project of 2,860 linear feet of sea wall was started. The work done to the close of the fiscal year was as follows: 11,744 cubic yards of material excavated for the founda- tion, 936 round 30-foot wooden piles driven, 569 concrete sheet piles 8 by 18 inches, 35 feet long, driven in place, and 135,071 cubic yards of sand deposited in low places on the line of the wall near the south jetty. The sum of $65,738.82 from United States funds was ex- pended during the year on this work, including superintendence, office expenses, etc., all charged to new work. The total expendi- tures were as follows: New work, $65,738.82; maintenance, $204,- 737.46; a total of $270,476.28. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The various parts of the project are in the following stages of completion: Sea wall, 80 per cent; sea- wall fill, 0 per cent; and Galveston Channel dredging, 30 per cent; making the entire project about 37 per cent complete. The channel was completed in the fiscal year 1913, with exception of its exten- sion westward from Forty-sixth to Fifty-seventy Streets, the Chi- cago, Rock Island & Gulf Railway Co. not having developed their property in accordance with the provisions of the project. A channel 30 feet deep at mean low tide has been dredged from Galveston Har- bor at Fort Point over the site of the old inner bar to Forty-sixth Street, a distance of 4 miles westward, with a pile-and-brush dike or fence along the north side to retain the spoil excavated from the channel. This spoil bank has formed a strip of land about one-half mile wide and 4 miles long adjacent to the deep-water channel and opposite the present docks, which is owned by the city of Galveston, is now available for development, and would, if improved, almost: double the capacity of the port. The ruling depth in the channel on June 30, 1923, is about 30 feet, the least width at this depth being about 600 feet. Actual construction was started on the sea wall on June 20, 1918, and at the end of the fiscal year the~status of the construction work was as follows: Round foundation piles driven _______________________________ 11, 180 Wall for which foundation piles are driven----------linear feet__ 11, 234 Sheet piles, wooden, driven_____---- __------ -__-------5, 247 Sheet piles, concrete, driven-----------------------------------_ 3, 508 Wall for which sheet piles are driven----------------linear feet__ 11, 136 Excavation for wall foundation-------------------- cubic yards__ 45, 034 Wall for which excavation is made-----------------linear feet__ 12, 350 Excavation for front riprap protection ____-----------___cubic yards__ 10, 181 Wall for which excavation is made------------------linear feet__ 1, 847 Waling placed, 8 by 10 inches------------ --- --- do. 5, 668 Wall for which waling is placed do- 5,668 .---------------------- Concrete in ramp (joining of old and new walls) ------- cubic yards __ 632 Wall replaced by ramp---------------------linear feet__ 147 Concrete in base_-------------------------------cubic yards__ 19, 762 Wall for which base is placed-------------------- linear feet-- 10, 239 Concrete in wall superstructure ------------------- cubic yards__ 43, 263 Wall for which superstructure is placed-------------- linear feet__ 10, 229 Steel reinforcement _ -------------------- pounds__ 547, 331 Wall for which reinforcement is placed---------------linear feet__ 10, 229 Front riprap protection .---------------------- tons 37, 339 Wall for which front protection is placed- .....--linear feetL 5, 700 938 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The total expenditures on the existing project have been as follows: New York. Maintenance. Total. United States funds. ........................... $1, 867, 304. 93 $1, 181, 641. 83 $3,048,946.76 Contributed funds........... .... .............. 417,348.63.............. . 417, 348.63 Total ............................................ 2,284, 653. 56 1,181,641.83 3, 466, 295.39 Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the balance unex- pended on July 1, 1923, amounting to $726,818.12 ($253,898.11 for channel dredging and $472,920.01 for construction of 2,860 linear feet of sea-wall extension) as follows: For maintenance dredging by United States pipe-line dredges (one for 12 months at $15,000, and one for 2 months at $15,000), $210,000; for repairs to United States plant, office expenses, superintendence, surveys, $43,898.11; for sea-wall construction with end protection, $430,920.01; for stone pro- tection at Fort Crockett, $42,000. It is expected that the funds on hand for channel maintenance and for construction of sea-wall ex- tension will last until June 30, 1924. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 ($400,000), will be applied as follows: For maintenance of the channel from deep water at Fort Point, over the site of the old inner bar to Forty-sixth Street, restoring the full project width and depth, the work to be done by U. S. dredge Miller, $155,000; for repairs and additions to United States plant, office ex- penses, superintendence, surveys, $45,000; for continuing work on the approved project for the extension of the sea wall by placing a fill back of the Government portion of the wall (7,000 linear feet), con- structing paved roadway, sidewalk, etc., and protecting part of it with soil or mud shell, $200,000. The amount required for maintenance exceeds the average ex- pended for this purpose during the last five years, as work has been reduced on this improvement due to war conditions. It is also due to increased 'cost of dredging. Commercial statistics.-The hief articles of export during 1922 were cotton and cotton products, wheat, flour, sulphur, fuel oil, and forest products; and of imports, crude oil, sugar, creosote, and bag- ging. Chief articles of coastwise traffic were groceries, crude oil, newsprint, and general merchandise inbound; and cotton, copper bullion, rice, wool, lumber, and sulphur outbound. The increased value for 1919 was due to the greater values of sugar, fuel oil, cotton, and sulphur cargoes. Increase in tonnage for 1920 and 1921 was due to return to more normal conditions. The decrease for 1922 is be- lieved to be due to economic conditions in Europe. Relative increase in value due to rise in prices of all commodities. Usual limits of draft for loaded vessels 20 to 274 feet. Two vessels, however, went out during 1922 drawing 30 feet 6 inches. The full project depth is especially needed for the ships engaged in foreign trade. RIVERS AND HARBORS--GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 939 Comparative statement. 12 Includes 32,120 passengers carried in car-ferry traffic between Galveston and Port Bolivar, Tex. Exclusive of 446,652 tons car-ferry traffic valued at $50,899,168. 3 Exclusive of 696,717 tons cargo in transit valued at $120,116,524, and 371,350 tons car-ferry traffic valued at $22,799,760. 4 Includes 25,608 passengers carried in car-ferry traffic between Galveston and Port Bolivar, Tex. 6 Exclusive of 308,715 tons car-ferry traffic valued at $19,639,875. e Includes 27,045 passengers carried in car-ferry traffic between Galveston and Port Bolivar, Tex. Financialsummary. UNITED STATES FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $222,275.69: New work ----------------------------------- $2, 368, 354. 30 Maintenance ------ ----- -------------------------- 1, 230, 327. 58 Net total expended--- ---------------------------- 3, 598, 681. 88 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 4, 325, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1l....... 1 $162, 460. 13 $365, 505. 10 $497, 885.03 $42, 229.79 $65, 738.82 Expended for maintenance ..... 28,379. 78 124, 294. 15 113, 584. 07 135, 020.10 204, 737. 46 -- Total expended 1........... 190, 839. 91 489, 799. 25 611, 469.10 177, 249. 89 270, 476. 28 Appropriated or allotted......... 1,065,000.00 90,000.00 100,000.00 160,500.00 670,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended___ __---- - --------- $294, 763. 11 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923____-------------- __-------_ 670, 000.00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923_ - -- - - 32, 531. 29 1 997, 294. 40 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work--- ...... .--------------- $65, 738. 82 For maintenance ------------------------- 204, 737. 46 270, 476. 28 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-__--_------------------- 726, 818. 12 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------------------------ 22, 821. 69 July 1, 1923, balance available----------------------------- 703, 996. 43 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-------------------- 22, 466, 400. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work. __......................... .... 2 200, 000. 00 For maintenanme--------------------------------- 2200, 000.00 1 Ut l-..._ ._ M M ,.... ... , . . __ ._.. ---- ---- --- ' 400, 000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. s Exclusive of available funds. 940 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work---------------------------------------- $417,,348. 63 Maintenance Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 417, 348. 63 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work...... $271, 019.06 $95, 364.70 $32,202.14 ....................... Expended for maintenance............. ............ .......... ...................... Appropriated or allotted......... 300,000.00 50,000.00 ... ......................... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---- ----------------------- $7, 651. 37 Deduction on account of amount refunded to county of Galveston, Tex ---------------------------------------- 7, 651.37 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GALVESTON CHANNEL, TEX. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $222,275.69: New work --------------------------------------- $2, 785,702. 93 Maintenance----- -------------------------------- 1, 230, 327. 58 Net total expended ------------------------------- 4, 016, 030. 51 Total appropriations to date of this report ___----__-__-- 4, 742, 848. 63 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1...... $433, 479.19 $460,869.80 $530, 087.17 $42, 229.79 $65, 738.82 Expended for maintenance 1..... 28, 379.78 124, 294. 15 113, 584.07 135, 020.10 204,737.46 Total expended 1......... 461,858.97 585,163.95 643,671.24 177,249.89 270,476.28 1, 365,000.00 Appropriated or allotted......... 140,000.00 100, 000.00 160, 500.00 670, 000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ---------------------- ----- $302, 414. 48 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation acts ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923 ----------------------------------- 670, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 __. 32, 531. 29 1, 004, 945. 77 Deduction on account of amount refunded to county of Gal- veston, Tex --- ----------------------------------- 7, 651. 37 997, 294.40 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year :1 For new work_______------------------------- $65, 738.82 For maintenance ------------------------- 204, 737. 46 270, 476. 28 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------------------------- 726, 818. 12 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------------------------- 22,821. 69 July 1, 1923, balance available .----------------------------- 703, 996.43 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 941 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project----------------------------------$2, 466, 400. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work--------------------------------------1200, 000.00 For maintenance ------------------------------------1 200, 000.00 Total ---------------------- ----- W- ----- 400, 000. 00 5. CHANNEL FROM GALVESTON HARBOR TO TEXAS CITY, TEX. (A3.) Location and description.-Texas City is on the mainland of Texas on the west side of Galveston Bay, about 7 miles northwest of the city of Galveston. The channel extends from deep water in Galves- ton Harbor off Bolivar Peninsula through Galveston Bay to the wharves. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1116 or 1117.) Original condition.-The natural depth of the bay was 4 to 8 feet at mean low tide. Previous projects.-Adopted by river and harbor act approved March 3, 1899, and enlarged by river and harbor act approved June 25, 1910. (H. Doc. No. 328, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) A total of $561,- 905.69 had been expended prior to the beginning of the present proj- ect in 1913, of which $366,822.48 was for new work and $195,083.21 was for maintenance.- (For further details of previous projects see p. 1856, Annual Report for 1915.) Existing project.-This provides for a channel 30 feet deep at mean low tide and 300 feet wide on bottom from deep water in Gal- veston Harbor to the wharves at Texas City, a distance of about 7 miles, with a pile dike on its north side 28,200 feet long covered with the clay and other material excavated from the channel. Under or- dinary conditions the mean tidal range is about l1 feet and the ex- treme range is about 1 feet. The height of tide is dependent largely on the wind, and during strong "northers" in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 2 feet below mean low tide. The estimated cost of the project, exclusive of amounts expended on pre- vious projects, was $1,400,000, with $50,000 annually for maintenance. These estimates were made in 1913. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913. (H. Doc. No. 1390, 62d Cong., 3d sess.) The latest map is printed in the Annual Report for 1914, page 2285. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-During1895-96 the Texas City Terminal Co. undertook the development of the port by dredging a channel about 16 feet deep at mean low tide and 100 feet wide from Galveston Har- bor to Texas City, at a cost of $146,000. This channel was taken over by the United States under act of March 3, 1899, and was deepened to 25 feet at mean low tide and 100 feet wide. In 1906 the Texas City Transportation Co. redredged the channel to a depth of 25 feet at mean low tide and dredged a turning basin and slip, expending a total of $337,670.17, according to figures furnished by them. The 1 Exclusive of available funds. 942 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. existing project, adopted under act of March 4, 1913, was subject to the condition- that the work proposed shall be contingent upon the setting aside by the town of Texas City of a suitable right of way for a railroad or railroads through the said city within its limits, said right of way to be available to any railroad or railroads that may at any time be authorized by the United States to occupy or operate over said dike. This condition has betr; complied with and was approved by the Secretary of War on December 2, 1913. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities are all located on the mainland at the inner end of this channel. They consist of one pier 1,200 feet long by 1,000 feet wide and another 900 feet long by 500 feet wide, with two slips 1,200 feet long by 210 feet wide and another 900 feet long by 110 feet wide; of five steel or concrete-steel ware- houses and one wooden warehouse on these piers; one of concrete- steel grain elevator of 500,000 bushels capacity; of four steel and one wooden warehouses and two cotton compresses on land back of the wharves; and of 34.8 miles of railroad siding, storage yards, etc., with a railroad 8 miles in length connecting the wharves with the trunk lines entering Galveston. All these terminal facilities are owned by the Texas City Transportation Co., but are open to all car- riers on equal terms. The facilities are considered adequate for ex- isting commerce. (For further information see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Established Texas City as a port for ocean vessels handling a large volume of business, new steamship lines entering this service and competing with the port of Galveston. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No maintenance dredg- ing of the channel was done during the year. The dredge San Ber- nard worked from December 16, 1922, to the end of the fiscal year in covering exposed portions of the pile dike on the north side of the channel with dredged material depositing a total of 413,205 cubic yards of material on the dike. The total expended during the fiscal year inclusive of surveys, repair, and upkeep of dredges, and other plant superintendents inspection, office expenses, etc., was $155,651.47, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1916. The pile dike was completed in 1915. Ruling depth June 30, 1923, was 29 feet at mean low tide for a least width of 150 feet. The sum of $1,184,023.91 has been expended for new work and $944,- 975.12 for maintenance, a total of $2,128,999.03. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the unexpended funds available July 1, 1923, amounting to $84,095.28, as follows: For maintenance dredging of the channel and repairing the pile dike by covering it with dredged clay by United States pipe-line dredges (one dredge one month, at $15,000 per month, and one dredge five months, at $9,000 per month), $60,000; repairs, and addi- tions to plant, superintendence, office expenses, etc., $24,095.28. It is expected that the funds on hand will be exhausted about March 31, 1924. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year endifg June 30, 1925 ($200,000), will be applied to maintenance dredging of the channel and to maintaining clay cover of the 27,000- RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 943 foot pile dike, and repairs to said dike, superintendence, office expenses, etc. This amount for maintenance exceeds the average expended for that purpose during the last five years, as work had been reduced on this improvement due to war conditions, but on account of long gaps in the dike and exposure of the piling it will be necessary in order to protect the channel to expend about $90,000 in repairs to the dike. For maintenance dredging of the channel $75,000 will be necessary and $35,000 for repairs to plant, superintendence, office expenses, etc. The increased cost of dredging also materially in- creases the amount required. Commercial statistics.-The chief articles of export during 1922 were sulphur, crude oil, corn, wheat, and wood manufactures; crude oil and sugar were practically the only items of import; crude oil and sulphur were the principal items of coastwise traffic. The in- crease in tonnage and value for 1919, 1920, and 1921 is accounted for by the return to more normal conditions and the increased shipments of sulphur, fuel oil, and cotton. The slight decrease for 1922 is believed to be due to economic conditions in Europe. The relative decrease in value for 1920 and 1921 was due to drop in prices of nearly all commodities. The large relative decrease in 1922 was due to decrease of high-value commodities. It is stated by the local interests at Texas City that vessels operated by the United States Shipping Board and others were bunkered at this port dur- ing the year 1922, receiving 54,224 tons of crude oil valued at $433,792. These vessels were loaded at Galveston, Houston, and other Gulf ports, and the tonnage is not included in the figures given below. Usual limits of draft for loaded vessels, 20 to 28 feet. The full project depth is necessary for all the foreign and coastwise traffic. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918 ....................... 376,986 $20,307,786 1921....................... 13, 661,049 $68,006,027 1919......... ............. 501,752 41,036,030 1922................... 3,268,201 36,273,562 1920...................... 2, 369, 367 79, 285,160 1 Exclusive of 11,289 tons cargo in transit valued at $562,585. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $11,469.91: New work ... _______________________- $1, 550, 846. 39 Maintenance_____-- 140, 058. 33 1--------------------1, Net total expended------------------ ---- -- 2, 690, 904. 72 Total appropriations to date of this report--__------------ 2, 775, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work....... . ............................................... Expended for maintenance 1..... $96,675.66 $84, 901.67 $63,557.43 .112, 158. 50 $155, 651.47 Appropriated or allotted............ .......... 50,000.00 125,000.00 100,000.00 130, 000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 61637-ENG 1923--60 944 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------- ------------------ $109, 446. 75 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923----------------------------------- 130, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923-------------- 300. 00 239, 746. 75 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for main- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - tenance - - - - 155, 651. 47 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended____------------------------ 84, 095. 28 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-- 8, 650. 14 1------------------------ July 1, 1923, balance available-----------------------------65, 445. 14 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance -------------------------- 2200, 000. 00 6. CHANNEL TO PORT BOLIVAR, TEX. (A4.) Location and description.-Port Bolivar is at the end of Bolivar Peninsula, which is on the east coast of Texas, between the Gulf of Mexico and Galveston Bay. It is on Galveston Harbor and about 4 miles north of the city of Galveston. The channel connects Gal- veston Harbor with a turning basin at the wharves. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1116 or 1117.) Original condition.-No natural channel existed. The depth of water in front of the Gulf & Interstate Railroad transfer wharf was about 9 feet at mean low tide. This wharf was about 4,500 feet from deep water in Galveston Harbor. Previous projects.-Adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 719, 59th Cong., 1st sess.). A total of $94,811.50 was expended thereon, prior to the beginning of the exist- ing project in 1910, of which $48,710.75 was for new work and $46,100.75 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1856, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 30 feet deep at mean low tide and 200 feet wide on bottom, beginning at deep water in Galveston Harbor and extending to a turning basin 1,600 feet long, with an average width of about 750 feet and 30 feet deep at mean low tide in front of the wharves. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is about 1.7 feet and the extreme range about 2.3 feet. The height of tides is dependent largely on the wind, and during strong "northers" in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 2 feet below mean low tide. The estimated cost of new work, exclusive of amount expended on previous project, was $91,080, this estimate being made in 1908. No estimate of maintenance was given, but experience with this channel indicates that not less than $50,000 annually would be re- quired to maintain the project dimensions. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for all except the present dimensions of the turning basin (H. Doc. No. 328, 61st Cong., 2d sess.), and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the present dimensions of the turning basin (H. Doc. No. 1122, 65th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-meritioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. *Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 945 Local cooperation.-The Santa Fe Channel & Dock Co., which owns the terminals at Port Bolivar, during the fiscal year 1917 dredged a narrow channel through a shoal in the turning basin at the entrance to their slip No. 3, removing about 29,286 cubic yards, at a cost of $3,441.16. Terminal facilities.-The terminals consist of one pier 400 feet wide by 1,200 feet long with two slips, one being 1,140 feet long by 300 feet wide and the other 1,200 feet long by 210 feet wide. On the pier is one closed warehouse 140 feet wide by 800 feet long and one lumber shed 120 feet wide by 504 feet long. In one corner of the south slip is located the transfer apron used in transferring trains to and from Galveston by ferry. All the terminal facilities are owned by the Santa Fe Channel & Dock Co., which is understopd to be a subsidiary of the Santa Fe Railroad system, this system also owning the railroad leading from Port Bolivar to Beaumont, Tex. The facilities are open to all water carriers on equal terms and are con- sidered adequate for the existing commerce. (For further particu- lars see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th CoAg., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-It has provided a deep-water port on Bolivar Peninsula, effecting considerable saving in distance of haul for lumber and logs from the east Texas timber belt and an outlet for iron ore from northeast Texas should these ore lands be developed. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The dredge Col. A. M. Miller between August 28 and September 8, 1922, redredged a 300 to 500 foot cut to a 20-foot depth through the turning basin to slip 3 for the operation of the railway ferry, removing 81,148 cubic yards of ma- terial, and again between February 23 to March 8, 1923, redredged the same cut to a 20-foot depth, removing 98,606 cubic yards of material. The total expenditure on this improvement for the year, including superintendence, office expenses, minor repairs to plant, etc., was $16,575.65, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The 'project is about 90 per cent completed, the only work.remaining to be done being to change the form of the turning basin. Constant shoaling has, however, oc- curred, and the project depth has been only partially maintained. The ruling depth June 30, 1923, was 23.4 feet at mean low tide for a width of 200 feet in the channel and 16.8 feet for a width of 250 feet in the turning basin at the entrance to Slip No. 3. A total of $366,032.07 has been expended, of which $85,213.85 was for new work and $280,818.22 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the unexpended funds available July 1, 1922, amounting to $26,236.43, as follows: For maintenance dredging of the channel and turning basin by a United States pipe-line dredge for about one and a half months, at $15,000 per month, $22,500; for minor repairs and additions to plant, superintendence, office expenses, survey, etc., $3,736.43. It is expected that the funds on hand will be exhausted about March 1, 1924. The sum of $20,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925 for such necessary maintenance dredging within the limits of the present project as will provide about a 15-foot depth to ac- commodate the traffic carried by the railroad ferry and occasional lumber schooners. 946 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Commercial statistics.-There was no export, import, or coastwise traffic during 1922. It is understood the Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Railway Co., which owns the terminals, has canceled all its tariffs and closed the port. The only commerce therefore was the car-ferry traffic between Port Bolivar and Galveston. Draft of barge used in ferry traffic between Port Bolivar and Galveston is 7 feet loaded and 3.3 feet light. "The towboat handling this barge has a draft of 10.5 feet. The increase in tonnage and value for 1919 was due to the return to more normal conditions and the greater value of the commodities carried. The decrease in relative value for 1920 was due to the decrease in value of all commodities, principally cot- ton. Decrease for 1921 due to lack of depth in the channel and basin. Comparative statement. Receipts and shipments. Car-ferry traffic. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918 .................. .................. 12,325 $246,804 88,740 $8.180,115 .......... 1919...................................... 5,900 239,500 215 660 25,553,550 .. 1920....................................... 16,878 675,120 446,652 50,899,168 32,120 1921...................................... 1,400 23,800 371 350 22,799 760 25,608 1922 ............... ............ .. .......... 308,715 19,639,875 27,045 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $5,020.70: New work ---------------------------------------- $133, 924. 60 Maintenance -------------------------------------- 326, 918. 97 Net total expended-------------------------------- 460, 843. 57 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------487, 080. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work... I ... .... ....... ....... .. ......... ... ........ Expended for maintenance 1.... $481.40 $38, 624. 24 $25, 667. 55 $12, 187.92 $16,575. 65 Appropriated or allotted......... .......... ............... 6,000. 00 35,000.00 20, 000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended----------------------------$22, 812. 08 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923------------------------------------------20, 000. 00 42, 812. 08 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance ------------------ ----------------------------- 16, 575. 65 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ----------------------------- 26, 236. 43 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance--------------------- ------- 120, 000. 00 SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 947 7. HOUSTON SHIP CHANNEL, TEX. (A5.) Location and description.-The channel improved under this title connects Galveston Harbor, at a point opposite Port Bolivar, with the city of Houston, Tex., extending 50 miles in a northwesterly direction across Galveston Bay through the San Jacinto River and Buffalo Bayou to a turning basin at the head of Long Reach with a light-draft channel 7 miles long from the turning basin to Main Street, Houston. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1116 or 1117.) Original condition.-The natural depths were as follows: Galves- ton Bay, on the line of the improvement, about 6 to 10 feet deep, ob- structed by Red Fish Bar shell reef, with depth of 4 feet; San Jacinto River, 12 to 16 feet deep, 500 to 1,000 feet wide, and Buffalo Bayou, 8 to 12 feet deep, 100 to 500 feet wide, to Harrisburg, a distance of 48 miles, and 5 to 8 feet deep, 60 to 100 feet wide, to Houston, a dis- tance of 9 miles. The head of navigation was Houston. Depths are referred to mean low tide. Previous projects.-Improvement of this waterway has been car- ried on under the following titles: " Improvement of Red Fish Bar, in Galveston Bay, Tex."; " Improvement of the ship channel be- tween the mouth of San Jacinto River and Bolivar ,Channel, in Gal- veston Bay, Tex."; "Improvement of ship channel in Galveston Bay, Tex."; "Improvement of Buffalo Bayou, Tex."; " Care and operation of Morgan Canal, Tex."; " Improvement of Galveston Ship Channel and Buffalo Bayou, Tex."; and, finally, "Houston Ship Channel, Tex." First work of improvement was authorized by river and harbor act approved June 10, 1872. The project was modi- fied in 1877 and by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879, Mor- gan Canal and Cut were purchased by the United States on May 4, 1892, for $92,316.85, as a link in this waterway. The project was enlarged by the act of March 3, 1899 (as amended by the act of February 20, 1900), so as to provide for a channel 25 feet deep, 150 feet wide in the bay and 100 feet wide thence to Hous- ton, with two turning basins at the upper end. The act of March 3, 1905, modified it so as to terminate the channel with the turning basin near the head of Long Reach, and provided for certain cut-offs at sharp bends in the bayou section and the construction of a pile dike 26,000 feet long in. Galveston Bay. The act of March 4, 1913, authorized the construction of two suitable dredging plants for maintenance of the improvement, one-half their cost to be provided by local interests. Total expended prior to the adoption of the exist- ing project on March 2, 1919, was (including the purchase of the Morgan Cut and Canal) $5,308,739.27, of which $4,105,156.87 was for new work and $1,203,582.40 was for maintenance. In addition to these amounts $1,409,178.78 was expended from contributed funds, $1,209,178.78 being for new work and $200,000 for maintenance. (For further details of previous projects see p. 1856 of the Annual Report for 1915.) Existing project.-This provides for a channel 30 feet deep at mean low water, 250 feet wide across Galveston Bay, and 150 feet wide in the river section from Morgan Point through San Jacinto River and Buffalo Bayou, with suitable widening of the channel in front of the wharf at Manchester, and with certain cut-offs and easing of sharp 948 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. bends to head of Long Reach, where it ends in a turning basin about 1,000 feet wide and 30 feet deep. The project also provides for a light-draft extension of this channel 8 feet deep and 40 feet wide through Buffalo Bayou from the turning basin to the foot of Main Street in Houston, Tex., and the construction of a dike 26,000 feet long to protect the channel in upper Galveston Bay. The mean tidal range under ordinary conditions is about 1.3 feet in the lower part of Galveston Bay, 0.6 foot in the upper bay, and less than 0.5 foot in the San Jacinto River and Buffalo Bayou. The extreme ranges under ordinary conditions are about 1.6 feet, 1.3 feet, and 1 foot, respectively. Freshets sometimes cause rises of over 12 feet in Buf- falo Bayou. The height of the tides, however, is dependent largely on the wind, and during strong "northers" in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 2 feet below mean low tide. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1918, is $3,850,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $325,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1905, provided for the easing or cut-off of sharp bends and the construction of the pile dike (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 35, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of March 2, 1907, appropri- ated $50,000 for the restoration of the light-draft extension of this channel from the turning basin to the foot of Main Street in Hous- ton; and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the 30-foot channel, the widening at Manchester, and the present dimensions of the turn- ing basin (H. Doc. No. 1632, 65th Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of June 7, 1921, the Chief of Engineers recommended that additional improve- ment of Buffalo Bayou from the Ship Channel turning basin to the mouth of White Oak Bayou be undertaken by the United States to the extent of providing a channel 10 feet deep at mean low water and 60 feet wide without easing any bends, including a small turn- ing basin at the mouth of White Oak Bayou, at an estimated cost. of $88,000, with $15,000 annually for maintenance for the first two years and $12,000 annually thereafter, contingent on certain local cooperation. (Set H. Doc. No. 93, 67th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-In 1870-1876 a canal about 14 feet deep and 150 feet wide was constructed through Morgan Point and for a dis- tance of 5 miles into upper Galveston Bay. This was purchased from the Buffalo Bayou Ship Channel Co. in 1892 by the United States at a cost of $92,316.85. In compliance with the provisions of the river and harbor act approved June 25, 1910, the citizens of Harris County, Tex., contributed the sum of $1,206,297.83, being one-half the cost of constructing the Houston Ship Channel to depth of 25 feet, and in accordance with the provisions of the river and harbor act approved March 4, 1913, they contributed the sum of $200,000 as one-half the cost of building two pipe-line dredges for maintenance of the chan- nel. The city of Houston also redredged the upper section of the bayou between the turning basin and the foot of Main Street, Hous- ton, to a depth of 8 feet and width of 40 feet in 1913-14 at a cost of about $45,000 and contributed the sum of $1,625.78 as one-half the cost of removing with Government plant the snags, logs, etc., from RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 949 this section. The city has also removed a total of 1,592,330 cubic yards of mhaterial in enlarging the turning basin and providing berths at their municipal docks. Local interested parties at Goose Creek and Houston also con- tributed the sum of $2,880.95 cash and 1,000 barrels of fuel oil toward the cost of dredging a channel from the Houston Ship Chan- nel to the mouth of Goose Creek, which is a tributary of the ship channel and empties into Black Duck Bay about 2 miles above Mor- gan Point, this work being done by the U. S. dredge San Jacinto. The river and harbor act approved March 2, 1919, requires that the local interests must furnish without cost to the United States all necessary easements and dumping grounds and contribute the sum of $1,365,000 toward the improvement. These conditions have been met. The local interests have, by a bond issue, raised the necessary funds for their proportion of the cost and have supplied allotments from these funds as fast as demanded by the Federal authorities. The total amount has now been contributed. They have also obtained most of the necessary easements for the channel and dumping grounds and have given a guaranty to furnish the remainder as fast as required. Approval was given by the Secretary of War on May 18, 1920. Terminal facilities.-The city of Houston has constructed 3,649 linear feet of wharves at the turning basin, consisting of one creo- soted timber wharf 647 feet long, with single story reinforced con- crete transit shed of 62,875 square feet covered area; one reinforced concrete wharf 522 feet long, with galvanized sheet-iron transit shed of 58,500 square feet covered area; one reinforced concrete wharf 799 feet long, with galvanized-iron shed of 15,140 square feet covered area and 9,349 square feet of open wharf; one reinforced concrete wharf 777 feet long, with reinforced concrete transit shed of 60,- 827 square feet covered area, supported by large concrete warehouse of 201,203 square feet of floor space, protected by sprinkler system and connected with wharf by traveling inclined conveyor, two 5- ton elevators and one 20-ton traveling electric crane; one open wharf 450 feet long, fitted with pipe lines for loading and discharging bunker fuel oil, with 6-inch loading pipes at all wharves for bunker- ing vessels while taking cargo; two creosoted pile wharves 400 feet long, each with steel-covered transit shed of 75,200 square feet covered area, supported by ship-side high-density cotton compress and 5.75 acres of covered cotton-storage sheds. There is also a ship- side cottonseed-cake grinding and sacking plant located on Wharf No. 1 and storage tanks of 75,000 barrels capacity for bunker fuel oil connected by pipe lines with the wharves. There has also been constructed by the city of Houston at Man- chester 2 miles below the turning basin one municipal concrete wharf 500 feet long, with steel-covered transit shed of 86,400 square feet area. This wharf is connected by carrier house and grain-loading legs with a 500,000-bushel grain elevator and flour mill. A coal- bunkering plant and wharf has also been built adjacent to the Man- chester Wharf. The city also owns a large, open concrete wharf at the foot of Main Street and a small, open timber wharf at foot of Baker Street in Houston, which are extensively used by light-draft boats in bringing 950 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. sand, shell, and supplies into Houston and taking out merchandise to the neighboring bay-shore towns. All the municipal wharves are open to all on equal terms. There are 12 miles of municipally owned terminal railway tracks connecting with the various railroads entering Houston, with an ex- tension of 8 miles of this track down south side of channel to connect with oil refineries and other industries. In addition to these municipal wharves, which are the most ex- tensive on the channel, there are a number of privately owned wharves at various industrial plants located along the waterway and a number of loading and unloading chutes for handling cotton and rice, pipe-line terminals for handling oil, etc. All these are for pri- vate use and are understood not to be open to the public. The existing facilities are being used to their capacity and are being added to as rapidly as commerce will justify and funds are available. (For further details of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Water rates are now applied to Hous- ton, the port being on a parity with Galveston and Texas City, although 50 miles farther inland. A regular line of steamers between Houston and Philadelphia has been established. There are also reg- ular sailings to European ports by the Harrison and Leyland Lines and by vessels of the United States Shipping Board. The Humble Oil & Refining Co. has also established a very large movement of oil by tankers to their refineries at Baytown on this channel. In addi- tion the Sinclair Gulf Refining Co. and the Galena Signal Oil Co. have several tankers per month call at their refineries on the channel. Several industrial plants, such as cotton compresses and warehouses, fertilizer plants, cement factory, large oil refineries, oil-mixing plant, flour mill, and boat yards, have been constructed along the channel. Operations during the fiscal year-New work.-Under contracts 62,637 linear feet of the channel in San Jacinto River and Buffalo Bayou (division 2) were completed to existing project dimensions, a total of 4,767,630 cubic yards of material being removed. The U. S. pipe-line dredges Sam Houston and San Jacinto completed to full width and length an easing of a bend in the channel about 2j miles above Lynchburg and the easing at the upper Clinton bend just above Clinton and partially completed another easing opposite Clinton, all to radius of 3,000 feet adopted under the present project, removing a total of 571,991 cubic yards of material. The San Jacinto also completed the widening of the turning basin out to the harbor line at the lower end (including an approach from the channel to the turning basin) and partially completed the widen- ing at the upper end opposite wharf No. 6 and on the northeast side, removing a total of 371,968 cubic yards. In all this work of easing and widening dredging was carried to full project width but to depth of only 25 to 26 feet at mean low tide, this being as deep as at present advisable. Total removed in new work during the year, 5,711,589 cubic yards, of which 943,959 cubic yards was by Government plant. Maintenance.-The U. S. pipe-line dredges Sam Houston and Miller redredged 94,160 linear feet of the newly completed 30 by 250 foot channel in Galveston Bay (division 1), removing 3,382,498 cubic yards of material; the Sam Houston and the San Jacinto RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 951 redredged 16,900 linear feet of the old 25 by 100 foot channel be- tween Morgan Point and the turning basin (divisions 2 and 3) and redredged the Manchester widening, and the San Jacinto redredged the entire turning basin and channel immediately below it to 25-foot depth, removing a total of 865,424 cubic yards of material. The U. S. derrick barges No. 2 and No. 8 removed snags, overhanging trees and stumps, and other obstructions from the channel and the banks of the waterway between Morgan Point and the turning basin and the No. 8 cleared the timber from the easing opposite Clinton for the dredge Sam Houston. Under authority of section 1 of the river and harbor act of July 252 1912, an allotment of $500 was made from the appropriation for this stream for work in Goose Creek, a tributary of the Houston Ship Channel. The U. S. derrick barge No. 2, between July 1 and 13, 1922, removed 59 trees, 31 snags, 3 small barges, 2 launches, 1 oil pipe line, and parts of several fallen oil-well derricks. The entire allotment of $500 was expended for this work. Total removed in maintenance dredging for the year 4,247,922 cubic yards, all by Government plant. The total expenditures were as follows: New work. Maintenance. Total. United States funds ................. ............ $710, 901. 19 $188, 911.63 $899, 812.82 Contributed funds................................. . 255,124.03 ............ 255,124.03 Total..................... ..................... 966,025.22 188, 911.63 1,154,936.85 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 75 per cent completed. The entire channel in Galveston Bay (division 1), 132,400 linear feet, has been completed to existing project dimen- sions, 250 feet wide on bottom, 30 feet deep at mean low tide, with an additional 85,905 linear feet in San Jacinto Bay and River and Buffalo Bayou above Morgan Point (division 2) completed to new project dimensions, 150 feet wide, 30 feet deep. In addition, about 4,000 linear feet of the channel at two easings of bends to 3,000-foot radius in division 3, just below Manchester, has been partly com- pleted to the existing project dimensions; the turning basin on its south and west sides has been widened to the harbor line but to only 25-foot depth at mean low tide, and partly widened on the northwest and northeast sides; and the widening of the channel at Manchester has been completed to full width and length but to only 25-foot depth. To complete the existing project, the uncompleted portions of the channel are to be dredged to project dimensions, with easing of bends to 3,000-foot radius; the Manchester widening is to be completed to 30-foot depth at mean low tide; the turning basin is to be enlarged to the full dimensions contemplated and authorized by the project; and the dike, 26,000 feet long, to protect the channel in upper Galveston Bay is to be completed. The new 30-foot channel, so far as completed, has been maintained to 30-foot depth, and the old 25-foot channel, the Manchester widening, and the enlarged turning basin taken over under the new project have been maintained to 25-foot depth all by the U. S. pipe-line dredges Sam Houston, San Jacinto, and Col. A. M. Miller. The light-draft ex- 952 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. tension above the turning basin was completed in 1908, a channel 8 feet deep at mean low tide and 40 feet wide on bottom being con- structed from the turning basin to the foot of Main Street in Houston. Some snagging and dredging has since been done to main- tain it. A side or tributary channel 10 to 12 feet deep and 3,700 feet long has been excavated from the ship channel to the mouth of Goose Creek. The ruling depths at mean low tide on June 30, 1923, were as follows: Through Galveston Bay, 31 feet; thence to mouth of Vinces Bayou, a distance of 20 miles, 25.3 feet; thence to the turn- ing basin, 23 feet, with 25.8 feet in the turning basin; thence to Houston, 5 feet. The ruling depth in the channel to mouth of Goose Creek was about 7 feet. The total expenditures on the exist- ing project have been as follows: New work. Maintenance. Total. United States funds ...... ............................ $1, 781, 419.37 $852,741.07 $2, 634,160. 44 Contributed funds ............... ............ .......... 1,364,647. 24 .............. 1, 364, 647. 24 Total .................... .. .......... . 3,146, 3.... 066. 61 852, 741.07 3,998, 807.68 Proposed operations.-The funds on hand unexpended July 1, 1923, amounting to $1,821,006.04, will be expended as follows: (1) Extending the new 30-foot project channel upstream by contract as far as funds will allow, $1,275,000; (2) enlarging turning basin on east side by contract, $250,000; (3) enlarging turning basin and easing bend in channel opposite Clinton to new project radius of 3,000 feet with United States pipe-line dredges at the rate of about $12,000 per month, $120,000; (4) building levees and repairing dumping grounds, $5,000; (5) maintenance dredging of channel wherever needed by United States plant, at a rate of about $12,000 per month, $120,000; (6) repairs and additions to United States plant, $41,006.04; (7) superintendence, surveys, etc., $10,000. It is expected that these funds will be exhausted about June 30, 1924. With the $1,400,000 which can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925 it is proposed to complete, by contract, the new 30- foot project up to and including the turning basin, widen the turn- ing basin out to the harbor lines and dredge it to 30 feet throughout, and care for all necessary maintenance by the operation of two 20- inch United States pipe-line dredges during the fiscal year 1925. Commercial statistics.-The principal items outbound during 1922 were cotton and cotton products, rice, crude and refined oil, and the principal items inbound crude oil, molasses, bones, sugar, refined oil, general merchandise, iron and steel manufactures. In addition to the foreign and coastwise traffic 1,337,708 tons of freight, consist- ing principally of fuel oil, sand, and shell, was moved locally in comparatively light draft boats. The full project depth is necessary to move the foreign traffic, consisting principally of crude oil and cotton. Usual limits of draft for loaded vessels carrying the princi- pal classes of traffic, 18 to 28 feet. The first unit of the municipal wharves was completed in August, 1915, and a regular line of steam- ships established between Houston and New York (later changed to Philadelphia) the latter part of August, 1915, effecting a saving in freight rates of 6 to 17 cents per 100 pounds over the combined RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 958 rail and water rates through the port of Galveston, according to figures furnished by the Houston Chamber of Commerce. The de- creases for 1919 and 1920 are due principally to variations in the local traffic. The increases for 1921 and 1922 were due to general increase in traffic on this channel. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918.......... 2, 388,066 $116,332,138 365 1921.......... 1 2, 828, 460 $78, 619,629 31,866 1919........... 1,287, 972 85,034,834 .. ... 1922........ 3,365, 644 163, 887,754 32,600 1920........... 1,210,204 102, 068,452 43, 100 1 Exclusive of 33,047 tons cargo in transit, valued at $4,430,988. Financialsummary. UNITED STATES FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $200,484.53: New work -------------- ----- -------------------- $5, 886, 576.24 Maintenance -------------------------------- ------ 2, 056, 323. 47 Net total expended------------------------------------7, 942, 899. 71 Total appropriations to date of this report ....--- --------, 9, 763, 905. 75 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1....... .............. .. $613,594.00 $425, 266.43 $710,901.19 Expended for maintenance 1. 86, 372. 50 271, 339. 03 255, 228. 75 224, 570. 49 188, 911.63 1 . . . . . . . .. . Total expended 86,372.50 271,339.03 868,822.75 649,836.92 899, 812.82 Appropriated or allotted ....... .950,000.00 391, 500.00 260,000.00 750,000.00 1,875,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------ $844, 524. 60 Amount transferred from Trinity River, Tex__ __-- - - -____- 184, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923 ---------------------------------- 1, 100. 000. 00 Amount transferred from Brazos River, Tex----------------- 101, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 30, 1922 --__-- - -_--_------------------ 490, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923------------ 1, 294. 26 2, 720, 818. 86 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year:1 For new work__---------- -------- $710, 901. 19 For maintenance ----------------------- 88, 911. 63 1-- 899, 812. 82 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_ 1, 821, 006. 04 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ----------- $206, 094. 49 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts --------------------------------------- 580, 244. 04 786, 338. 53 July 1, 1923, balance available __ 1, 034, 667. 51 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 954 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for comple- tion of existing project------- ------------------------ $1, 100, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work-------------- -------------------- 11, 100, 000. 00 For maintenance ------------------------------------ 1300, 000. 00 Total----------------------------------------- 1, 400, 000. 00 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $27: New work ------------------------------------------ 2, 573, 826. 02 Maintenance------ ----------------- 200, 000. 00 Net total expended 2, 773, 826. 02 Total appropriations to date of this report-_--------------- 2, 774. 178. 78 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 2.... ........ 3.50 $395,126. 86 $714, 423.35 $255,124.03 Expended for maintenance...... .......... ............... .......................... Appropriated or allotted.................... 100, 000.00 663, 000.00 410,000.00 167, 000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended -------------------------- $88, 476. 79 Amount contributed by Harris Co., Houston Ship Channel District_ 167, 000. 00 255, 476. 79 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work __ 255, 124. 03 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended______ ____ __-- -352. ___--- 76 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ------ __------ 352. 76 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR HOUSTON SHIP CHANNEL, TEX. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $200,511.53: New work --------------------------------------- $8, 460, 402. 26 Maintenance -- ------------------------------------- 2, 256, 323. 47 Net total expended 1____________________ ____--10, 716, 725. 73 Total appropriations to date of this report _________________ 12, 538, 084. 53 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work ....... 3.50 $983, 720. 86 $1,139, 689. 78 $.............. $966, 025. 22 Expended for maintenance 2..... $86, 372. 50 271, 339.03 255, 228. 75 224, 570. 49 188, 911.63 Total expended 2 .......... 86, 372.50 271,342.53 1,238,949.61 1,364,260.27 1,154, 936.85 Appropriated or allotted ........ 950,000.00 491,500.00 923, 000.00 1, 160,000. 00 2,042,000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -- ------------ ___ ___- $933, 001. 39 Amount transferred from Trinity River, Tex_-- ____----__- - 184, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved March 2, 1923 ------------------------------- 1, 100, 000. 00 Amount transferred from Brazos River, Tex--___---___--- 101, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 30, 1922 ---------------------------------- 490, 000. 00 Amount contributed by Harris Co., Houston Ship Channel district 167, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 ---- 1, 294. 26 2, 976, 295. 65 1 ~xclusive of available funds. 2 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 955 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 For new work____-...____. . ----------- $966,025.22 For maintenance _---- --------------- 188, 911. 63 $1, 154, 936. 85 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ----------------------- 1, 821,358. 80 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities _______- __-- - 206, 447.25 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts---- ------------------------------ 580,244. 04 786, 691. 29 July 1, 1923, balance available________-------- - - 1, 034, 667. 51 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---------------------------------- 1, 100, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: Fornewwork For maintenance ------------------------------------- , 100,000.00 000.00 3-------------------------- Total ------- ------------------------------ 1, 400, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $709,949.21: New work --------------------------------------- $20, 802, 778. 53 Maintenance--------------------------- ---------------- 5,831,923.45 Net total expended ______________________-___- -__ 26, 634, 701. 98 Total appropriations to date of this report __----__ -- 29, 441, 538. 82 Fiscal year ending Tune 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1... $162, 460. 13 $510, 421.74 $1,420, 443.05 $596, 209. 59 $776, 640.01 Expended for maintenance 1.. 225, 567.58 519,159.09 458, 037.80 483, 937.01 673,778.22 Total expended 1.......... 388, 027.71 1, 029, 580. 83 1, 878, 480. 85 1,080,146.60 1, 450, 418.23 Appropriated or allotted......... 2,033,000.00 531,500.00 591,000.00 1,143,500.00 2,786,053.07 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---------------------------- $1,380, 432. 48 Amount transferred from Trinity River, Tex------------------' 185, 053. 07 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923--------------------------------------- 2, 010, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 30, 1922 ___---________-------------- 490, 000. 00 Amount transferred from Brazos River, Tex------------------ 101, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923------------ 90, 769.52 4, 257, 255. 07 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 For new work--_________ $776, 640. 01 For maintenance 778. 22 6________-------------------673, 1, 450, 418. 23 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_ __--------- --------- 2,806, 836. 84 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities _______-__ 248, 924.24 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts-----------------------------------580, 244. 04 829, 168. 28 July 1,1923, balance available - ------------ 1,977, 668. 56 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. zExclusive of available funds. 956 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------- --------------------- $2, 566, 400. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work ------------------------------------ 1,300, 000. 00 For maintenance----------------------------------- 1960, 000.00 Total ----------------------------------------- 12, 260, 000. 00 8. EAST BAY BAYOU (HANNA REEF), TEX. The project is about 20 per cent completed, a channel across the shell reef having been dredged in 1911 to a depth of 7 feet at mean low water and a width of 40 to 60 feet, connecting with 5 feet depth of water on east side of reef. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year, no balance is available, and no work is now proposed as the present channel is sufficient to care for existing commerce and no work on it will prob- ably be necessary. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1922, page 1071. Commercial statistics.-This is a channel through a shell reef in an open bay and is used by small boats bound for different locali- ties. No commercial statistics were obtainable for the calendar year 1922. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats 2 to 4 feet. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work_------------------------------------------$2, 476. 02 Maintenance ----- ------------------- 847. 80 Net total expended---------------------------------3, 323. 82 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------- 3, 323. 82 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work ......................................................... Expended for maintenance .......................................................... Appropriated or allotted.............. ........................................... 9. DOUBLE BAYOU, TEX. Location and description.-This bayou enters upper Galveston Bay on the east side about 30 miles north of Galveston and about 81 miles south of Anahuac. It divides into east and west branches about one-half mile from the mouth, the east branch being about 15 miles long and navigable for 12 miles, and the west branch being about 12 miles long and navigable for 8 miles above the mouth.* It is tidal throughout its length and has a drainage area of about 100 square miles. The lowest stages occur during the winter season. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1116.) Original condition.--The mouth of the bayou was obstructed by a bar with depth of 2 feet over its crest at mean low tide; this in- creased to, adepth of 10 feet one-half mile above the mouth, at junc- tion of the two bayous, with a depth of 6 to 10 feet at mean low tide, 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 957 thence to the heads of navigation 8 and 12 miles, respectively, above the mouth, with widths of 40 to 150 feet for the same distance. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-The existing project provides for a channel 6 feet deep at mean low tide and 100 feet wide through the bar at the mouth of Double Bayou. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is about 0.7 foot, and the extreme range is about 0.9 foot. The height of tides is dependent, largely on the wind, and during strong " northers " in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 1J feet below mean low tide. The original estimate of cost for new work, which was made in 1898, was $20,000. No estimate was given for maintenance. The following statement is given to explain the authority for the existing project: The river and harbor act approved March 3, 1899, contained an item providing for the improvement of " Brazos River between Velasco and Richmond, West Galveston Bay Channel, Double Bayou, and mouths of adjacent streams." Since at this time there was before Congress a report (H. Doc. No. 387, 55th Cong., 2d sess.) containing an estimate for a channel 6 feet deep and 100 feet wide through the bar at the mouth of Double Bayou, it has been as- sumed that these dimensions are, as stated above, those of the adopted project. The latest published map is contained in the project docu- ment. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-There being no funds then available for main- tenance of this channel, private parties contributed the sum of $2,711.40 to pay the operating cost of redredging this channel in 1905-6. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities on this waterway are confined to small wharves for local use. These are privately owned, but most of them are used to some extent by the general public on equal terms. They are considered adequate for the present com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Has been to afford an outlet for farm products and means of securing needed supplies to quite a large farming community, the nearest railway being about 30 miles distant. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. pipe-line dredge San Bernard between July 21 and August7 redredged 4,862 linear feet of the channel in Galveston Bay at the entrance to the bayou restoring the project depth and removing a total of 55,621 cubic yards of material. Total expended on this improvement for the year was $6,037.30, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 35 per cent completed, a channel 5 to 7 feet deep at mean low tide and 60 to 85 feet wide having been dredged. This channel has yet to be widened to 100 feet. Ruling depth on June 30, 1923, was about 5 feet. The expenditures were $6,953.20 for new work and $50,778.47 for main- tenance, a total of $57,731.67. Proposed operations.--The balance unexpended July 1, 1923, amounting to $9,529.42 will be used in doing such redredging of the channel as is urgently necessary, operating a United States dredge for about one month at a rate of $9,000 per month, exhausing the funds about June 30, 1923. 958 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. With the $9,000 that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, it is proposed to redredge the channel to restore project dimensions during the fiscal year 1925, either by contract or by Government plant, and possibly do a small amount of snagging with Government plant. This amount exceeds the average expended for maintenance during the last five years, as the channel has not been maintained to full project dimensions during that period, due to lack of urgency of the work and to increased cost of dredging. Comnmercial statistics.-Rice, garden truck, cordwood, and gen- eral merchandise were the principal items moved over this channel during 1922. Practically all the commerce requires the full project depth, but especially the rice, which is moved out in barges from rice fields along the bayou. The decrease in tonnage and its increased value for 1919 and 1920 was also due, it is believed, to the shoal condition of the channel for a part of the year, and the increased value of farm products. Increases for 1921 and 1922 due to in- creased shipments of rough rice and cordwood (in 1922). Usual limits of draft for loaded boats, 3 to 51 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918............ 7,434 $288,312 ............. 1921............. 5,876 $334,328 219 1919............ 4,720 339, 246 470 1922............. 6, 387 622,196.. 1920............ 3,248 219,776.. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting re- ceipts from sales, etc., amounting to $16.84: New work ------------------------------ --- $6, 953. 20 Maintenance ----------- ---------------------------- 50, 778. 47 Net total expended ---------------------------------- 57, 731. 67 Total appropriations to date of this report --------------------- 67, 261. 09 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work ...... ................................... Expended for maintenance 1..... $579.71 $6,769.47 $7,649.50 ............. $6,037.30 Appropriated or allotted.................... .......... .. 11,000.00 $7,000.00 5,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------ -------------------- $10, 566. 72 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923 ----------------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 15, 566. 72 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 6, 037. 30 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------------------- ------ 9, 529. 42 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance--- - - - - 19, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 959 10. ANAHUAC CHANNEL, TEX. Location and description.-The town of Anahuac is on the north- east side of upper Galveston or Trinity Bay, opposite the mouth of the Trinity River, 38 miles north of Galveston and 25 miles northeast of Seabrook. The channel is about 3 miles long and extends from 6 feet depth at mean low tide in the bay to the wharf and slip at Ana- huac, connecting with the channel through Browns Pass to the Trinity River. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1116.) Original condition.-No natural channel existed, the depths vary- ing from 1 foot near shore to 6 and 7 feet at mean low tide at a dis- tance of 3 miles from Anahuac wharves. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-There is no definite project for this channel. The river and harbor act approved March 3, 1905, contained an item for " Improving West Galveston Bay Channel, Double Bayou, and mouths of adjacent streams, including Trinity River, Anahuac Chan- nel, and Cedar Bayou," but at the time of the appropriation no rec- ommendation of definite channel dimensions had been made to Congress. A channel 6 feet deep at mean low tide and 80 feet wide was dredged in 1905 from Galveston Bay to the wharves at Anahuac, a distance of 16,000 feet. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is about 0.7 of a foot and the extreme range about 0.9 of a foot. The height of tides is dependent largely on the wind, and during strong " northers " in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 1 feet below mean low tide. The latest published map is contained in House Document No. 440, Fifty-sixth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-A slip at Anahuac Wharf has been excavated with United States plant, the cost of operation being paid by local interests. In 1912, there being no Government plant available, the dipper dredge Thos. H. Ball was borrowed from the city of Houston and the channel redredged, the United States paying only the cost of operation. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities are at Anahuac and consist of several small wharves and slips for local use. They are all privately owned, but most of them are used by the public and on equal terms. They are considered adequate for the existing com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-There is no railroad communication with this locality, and all produce and supplies pass through this channel. The channel now connects with the channel to mouth of Trinity River and is used as a link of that waterway. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. pipe line dredge San Bernardbetween August 7 and 25 redredged 6,800 linear feet of the channel, restoring project dimensions, and excavating a total of 67,096 cubic yards of material. The U. S. derrick barge No. 2 and the U. S. derrick barge No. 8 at various times during the fiscal year removed a total of 842 snags from the channel. Total expendi- 61637--ENG 1923-----61 960 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. ture on this improvement for the year, including superintendence and office expenses, was $5,580.81, all charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1911. The ruling depth on June 30, 1923, was about 5 feet at mean low tide. A total of $62,417.49 has been expended, of which $5,- 975.10 was for new work and $56,442.39 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1923, amounting to $5,000, will be used in maintaining the channel by op- erating a United States pipe-line dredge for about 13 days, at a rate of about $9,000 per month, and a small United States snag boat for about three weeks, at a rate of about $1,500 per month. It is expected that available funds will be exhausted about December 31, 1923. With the $15,000 that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, it is proposed to maintain the channel to project dimensions by operating a United States pipe-line dredge ($9,000) and United States snag boat ($6,000) at such times during the fiscal year 1925 as the work becomes necessary. This amount exceeds the average expended for maintenance during the last five years, as work had been reduced on this improvement during this period on account of lack of urgency of the work and increased cost of dredging. Amounts previously allotted to this channel have never been sufficient to maintain it properly. Commercial statistics.-Rice, mud shell, fuel oil, and general mer- chandise were the principal items moved through this channel in 1922. Practically all freight coming from and destined to Turtle Bayou, points on the lower Trinity River, and Anahuac passes through this channel, as there is no railroad communication. The tonnage shown below includes that passing through Turtle Bayou and mouth of Trinity River as well as that going to and coming from Anahuac. The decrease in tonnage for 1919 was due to the shoaling of the channel through Turtle Bay by the storm of Sep- tember, 1919. The increased value was due to the increased values of the commodities handled. Increase in tonnage for 1920 was due to return to more normal conditions. The large increase for 1922 was due to the movement of a large amount of mud shell for road work. Relative decrease due to drop in prices of all commodities. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats 3 to 5 feet. The full project depth is needed for practically all the commerce on the waterway. Comparative statement. Calendar year Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918.......... 23,926 $937, 820 75 1921......... 11,215 $353,552 949 1919......... 11,915 741,577 900 1922......... 35,704 795,022 ...... 1920.......... 17, 942 573, 884 750 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work-------.--------------------------- $5, 975. 10 Maintenance- ------ 56, 442. 39 Net total expended ----------- 6---------------- 62, 417. 49 Total appropriations to date of this report---- 7, 417. 49 6------------- RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 961 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.......................... .......... ........... ...... . . Expended for maintenance...... $1, 765. 24 $8,052. 72 $6, 180.82 $6, 486.08 $5, 580. 81 Appropriated or allotted...................... 2,700.00 11,800.00 7,000.00 5,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended_-- -------- - ____- ___ $5, 580. 81 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923 -------------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 10, 580. 81: June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance. 5, 580. 81 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------------------------5, 000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance-___ ----------------------- -- 115, 000. 00 11. TURTLE BAYOU, TEX. Location and description.-Turtle Bayou, a tidal stream, is about 20 miles long and flows south into Turtle Bay, a small bay at the north end of upper Galveston Bay, 3j miles from Anahuac and 411 miles from Galveston, Tex. The improved section is across Turtle Bay at the mouth and in the bayou for about 10 miles above the mouth, including a branch known as Lee Gulley. Its drainage area is about 75 square miles. The lowest stages occur during the winter. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1116.) Original condition.-From Anahuac across Turtle Bay to the mouth of bayou, 31 miles, the depth was 3 feet, with 21 feet at mean low tide on the bar at mouth of bayou; thence for 5 miles the bayou had a depth of about 16 feet, with 8 feet at mean low tide for the next 5 miles, shoaling to 4 feet in next 7 miles. The head of navi- gation was only about 5 miles above the mouth, snags and over- hanging trees obstructing navigation above that point. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 4 feet deep at mean low tide and 50 feet wide from the mouth of Turtle Bayou across Turtle Bay to the foot of Browns Pass (mouth of Trinity River). Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is about 0.7 foot and the extreme range about 0.9 foot. The height of tides is depend- ent largely on the wind, and during strong " northers " in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 11 feet below mean low tide. The original estimate of cost for new work, which was made in 1900, was $10,000. No estimate was given for maintenance. The following statement is given to explain the authority for the existing project: The river and harbor act approved June 25, 1910, contained an item providing for the improvement of " West Galves- ton Bay Channel, Turtle Bayou * * * including mouths of ad- jacent streams." Since at this time there was before Congress a re- port (H. Doc. No. 440, 56th Cong., 1st sess.) containing an estimate for a channel 4 feet deep at mean low tide and 50 feet wide from the mouth of Turtle Bayou across Turtle Bay to the foot of Browns Pass it has been assumed that these dimensions and limits for the 1Exclusive of available funds. 962 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. channel are, as stated above, those of the adopted project. The length of the improved section is about 141 miles, of which 31 miles is across Turtle Bay, 10 miles in Turtle Bayou, and 1 mile in a branch of Turtle Bayou known as Lee Gulley. The latest published map is contained in House Document No. 440, Fifty-sixth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of February 8, 1921, the Chief of Engineers recommended that the project be en- larged so as to provide for a channel 60 feet bottom width and 6 feet deep at mean low tide, provided that before any funds are expended on the enlarged project the Trinity River irrigation district (or other local interests) contribute the sum of $3,000 to be used by the Federal Government in securing the desired channel, and provided further, that these interests give assurance satisfactory to the Sec- retary of War that they will continue to maintain in good condition the lock and dam and to operate the lock. The estimate of cost is $16,000 for the United States portion. Annual maintenance, $3,500. (See H. Doc. No. 1010, 66th Cong., 3d sess.) Local cooperation.-A dam with tidal lock was built across the lower end of Turtle Bay to retain the fresh water in bay and bayou for irrigation purposes. This was built in 1911-12 by the Lone Star Canal Co. under authority of the Secretary of War dated June 25, 1910, but was destroyed by the hurricane of August 16-17, 1915. A new lock and dam has been built, under permit by the Trinity River irrigation district, the lock being placed in a cut leading through land between Turtle Bay and the mouth of the Trinity River, and a new channel 5 feet deep at mean low tide, 50 feet wide on bottom, and 5,000 feet long has been excavated, connecting this lock with the channel through Turtle Bay. The entire mouth of Turtle Bay was closed by an earth dam. This dam was again destroyed by the hurricane of September, 1919, but has since been rebuilt. The local interests on Turtle Bayou furnished $1,500 for redredging the con- necting channel in Turtle Bayou in November, 1920, the work being done with United States dredge in connection with redredging the entire channel across this bay. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities consist of a few small wharves, for local use, located at various places along Turtle Bayou. They are privately owned, but most of them are used to some extent by the general public on equal terms. They are considered adequate for the small commerce that exists at present. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Has opened a line of communication to a section not served by a railway which has been developed in rice culture. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. A total of $1,023.73 was expended during the year for repair of United States plant, inspection, etc., and was all charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fcal year.-The project was completed in 1911. The ruling depth on June 30, 1923, was about 4 feet. The sum of $8,899.97 was expended for new work and $30,523.76 for maintenance, a total of $39,423.73. Proposed operations.-With the $14,776.27 unexpended July 1, 1923, it is proposed to redredge the channel and remove snags by RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 963 operating a United States dredge for about one and one-third months, at the rate of $9,000 per month ($12,000), and a United States derrick barge about one month, at the rate of $2,200 per month ($2,200), and to expend about $576.27 on office expenses, superintendence, etc. It is expected the available funds will be ex- hausted about June 30, 1924. With the $10,000 that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, it is proposed to operate a United States dredge ($8,000) and to operate a United States snag boat ($2,000) for such time as is necessary to remove shoals, snags, and other ob- structions to navigation and restore project dimensions, or possibly do the work by contract. This amount exceeds the average expended for maintenance during the last five years, as the channel during this period has not been maintained to its project dimensions. Rice farmers' in the vicinity depend almost entirely on it for transporta- tion, as there are no neighboring railroads. Commercial statistics.-The principal items carried on this water- way during1922 were rice, fuel oil, mud shell, and general mer- chandise. The decrease in tonnage and value for 1919 was due to the shoaled condition of the channel due to the hurricane of September, 1919. Increase in tonnage for 1920 due to increased movement of fuel oil and rice. Relative decrease in value due to drop in prices of all commodities. Marked increase for 1922 due to movement of a large amount of mud shell for road work. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats, 2 to 6 feet. The full project depth is needed for the movement of rice, fuel oil, and mud shell over this waterway, these items consisting of over 90 per cent of the freight moved ordinarily. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918...................... 10,940 $432,768 1921..................... 8,895 $210, 005 1919 .......... ............... 2, 448 154,500 1922.................. .. 25,438 335,051 1920....................... 8,056 224,295 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $17.10: New work ------------------------------------------ $8, 899. 97 Maintenance --__------------ 30, 523. 76 Net total expended---------------------------------- 39, 423. 73 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 54, 200. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work... Expended for maintenance 1.... $30.48 .............. $14,350.55 ............... $1,023.73 Appropriated or allotted........ ........................ 11,800.00 $10,800.00 5, 000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 964 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended__------.-----.------__-___ $10, 800. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 3, 1923 --------------------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 15, 800. 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 1, 023. 73 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------------------- 14, 776. 27 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance----------------------------------- 110, 000. 00 12. MOUTH OF TRINITY RIVER, TEX. Location and description.-Trinity River enters upper Galveston Bay about 38 miles north of Galveston and about one-half mile west of Anahluac. The mouth is divided into several passes, all obstructed by bars. Under this title, as one of the "adjacent streams," chan- nels have been dredged across the bars at Middle Pass and Browns (or Southeast) Pass. The Trinity River extends northwesterly almost across the State of Texas, and has been partially improved to Dallas, a distance of 510 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Sur- vey chart No. 1116.) Original condition.-Trinity River enters upper Galveston Bay through three large and several small passes, all of which were ob- structed by bars, with a least depth of about 34 feet of water at mean low tide, and by log rafts and snags. A short distance inside the mouth the depth was 6 to 15 feet at mean low tide, and though the river was obstructed by sand bars and snags it was navigable for boats of 4 and 5 feet draft to Liberty, a distance of about 41J miles, and in higher stages had been navigated to Dallas, a distance of 510 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.--Adopted by river and harbor act approved June 18, 1878, which was amended by river and harbor act approved May 4, 1884. A total of $75,900 had been expended for new work prior to adoption of the existing project in 1905. For further details of previous project, see page 1859 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-The river and harbor act approved March 3, 1905, added this work to others covered by the appropriation for "Improving West Galveston Bay Channel, Double Bayou, and mouths of adjacent streams, Texas." Work was continued at Middle Pass, one of the mouths of the river, until September, 1907, when it was stopped and improvement of Browns Pass, the eastern outlet of the river, was undertaken, and a channel 7 feet deep at mean low tide and 80 feet wide was dredged. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is about 0.7 foot and the extreme range about 0.9 foot. The height of tides is dependent largely on the wind, and during strong " northers " in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 11 feet below mean low tide. Freshets in the river cause very little more variation in water surface than tidal action. There is no approved estimate of cost for new work or for mainte- nance. The latest map is published in House Document No. 440, Fifty-sixth Congress, first session. Recommended modification of project.- None. Local cooperation.-None. 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 965 Terminal facilities.-There are no terminal facilities of any kind at the mouth and none are needed at present. Small wharves are located at various points up the river. Effect of improvement.-Affords outlet for rice, lumber, and prod- uce for a section of country without railway connection nearer than 25 to 30 miles, and is part of the general improvement of the Trinity River to Liberty, Tex., a distance of 41 miles. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Work on Middle Pass has been abandoned and a channel at Southeast or Browns Pass was com- pleted in 1907 to depth of 7 feet at mean low tide, and width of 80 feet, from Anahuac Channel to deep water in Trinity River, a dis- tance of 6,700 feet. Ruling depth on June 30, 1923, was about 6 feet at mean low tide. The sum of $14,511.39 has been expended, of which $3,640.44 was for new work and $10,870.95 was for mainte- nance. Proposed operations.-With the $1,000 unexpended July 1, 1923, it is proposed to operate a United States dredge and a United States derrick barge about one week in removal of snags and shoals at such time during the year as the work becomes necessary. It is expected that the funds will last until June 30, 1924. With the $1,000 that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, it is proposed to operate a United States dredge or snag boat for such time as is necessary to remove shoals, snags, and other obstructions to navigation, or possibly to do the work by contract. This amount exceeds the average expenditure for maintenance during the last five years, as the channel was dredged during this period by local interests for the purpose of obtaining material to build an earth dam, and has therefore been temporarily deepened. Commercial statistics.-Fueloil, rice, logs, mud shell, and general merchandise were the principal items moved through this channel during 1922. The increased tonnage for 1919 was due to increased * amount of fuel oil. The large increase in tonnage for 1920 was due to the increase in the movement of fuel oil and rice to and from Turtle Bayou. The increase for 1922 was due to the movement of a large amount of mud shell for road work. Practically all tonnage from and to Turtle Bayou now passes through the mouth of the Trinity River. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats, 2 to 6 feet. The full project depth is needed for the movement of rice, fuel oil, and mud shell over this waterway, these items constituting over 90 per cent of the freight moved ordinarily. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918................ 1,561 $52,300 1921.................... . 1 8,895 $210,005 1919..................... 3,161 91,627 1922.................... 27,672 426,186 1920..................... 10,726 309,095 1Commerce of Turtle Bayou in transit over mouth of Trinity River. 966 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $15.18: New work--------- ------------------- ------------- $79, 540.44 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 10, 870. 95 Net total expended- --------------------------------- 90, 411. 39 Total appropriations to date of this report 411. 39 9--------------------1, Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.................................. 1. . . . . . ... .... . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . ..................... Expended for maintenance . $300.00........ ............. Appropriated or allotted................ ................................ . $1,000.00 ..... .... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-------- ------------------- $1,000.00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-----------------------------1, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance -------------------------------- 11, 000.00 13. TRINITY RIVER, TEX. Location and description.-The Trinity River rises in north cen- tral Texas and flows southeasterly about 760 miles, discharging into Galveston Bay, 37 miles northeasterly from Galveston. Its drain- age area is about 18,000 square miles, of which about 6,000 are above Dallas, 510 miles from the mouth. The extreme low-water discharge at Dallas is 15 second-feet; the high-water discharge has not been measured, but is probably in excess of 50,000 second-feet. In the 468j miles from Dallas to Liberty the fall is about 370 feet, an average of 0.79 foot per mile. In the 411 miles from Liberty to the mouth the fall is only 1.1 feet at low water, at which stage tidal influence extends about 8j miles above Liberty. The valley, through which the river flows in a tortuous course, frequently touching the bluffs, is from 3 to 7 miles wide, although contracting at about a dozen points to less than 1 mile. For 160 miles above the mouth there are many sand bars and caving banks; above this the bed and banks are fairly stable. The width between banks averages 300 feet, ranging from 500 feet in the lower 160 miles to 150 feet above this point. The capacity of the channel between banks is prob- ably not over 20 per cent of the extreme flood discharge. The extreme low-water width of the river ranges from 40 to 200 feet. (See Texas Post route map.) Original condition.--A minimum depth of 6 feet at mean low Gulf level was available for a distance of 37 miles above the mouth, and 3.5 feet for 41 miles more, to Liberty. Above Liberty the depth rapidly decreased, there being but a few inches at low water over many of the shoals, rendering passage difficult even for flat- boats and skiffs. The river was much obstructed by snags and 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 967 drift. In former times it was regularly navigated at suitable stages to Lockridges Bluff, 392 miles above the mouth, and occasion- ally as far up as Dallas. A crib dam, which was subsequently washed out, was built in 1890-1894 by the Trinity River Navigation Co., at McComas Bluff, about 13 miles below Dallas. Previous projects.-The project outlined in House Document No. 409, Fifty-sixth Congress, first session, provided for a 4-foot channel from the mouth to Dallas, by the construction of 37 locks and dams, with incidental dredging and open-channel work. The project con- tained therein was adopted in part by the river and harbor acts of June 13, 1902, March 3, 1905, March 2, 1907, June 25, 1910, July 25, 1912 (which increased the depth to 6 feet), March 4, 1913. and July 27, 1916, each of which acts authorized the construction of certain-named locks and dams. The provisions of all of these acts for this improvement so far as they related to lock and dam construc- tion, were repealed by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922. The total amount expended was $2,185,763.48, of which $1,- 896,086.20 was for new work and $289,677.28 was for maintenance. For further detail of previous projects see page 1113 of Annual Report for 1921. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep and of navigable width from the mouth to Liberty, 41.4 miles above the mouth. At low water tidal influence extends about 50 miles above the mouth, the mean tidal range at the mouth being about one-half foot. The ordinary variation between the high and low water at Liberty is 14 feet, extreme 26.3 feet. The estimate of cost, made in 1920, is $72,000 for new work, and $20,000 annually for maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. No. 989, 66th Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 409, Fifty-sixth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, required that before the appropriation should be expended the citi- zens of Dallas should contribute $66,000, to be applied to work in section 1, the 49 miles from East Fork to Dallas. This contribution was made in May, 1905. Land needed for sites has, up to the present date for the author- ized locks and dams, been provided free by the Dallas Chamber of Commerce, although a few minor irregularities in the deeds to the land at No. 7 and White Rock still remain to be cleared up. The river and harbor act of July 27, 1916, appropriated $250,000 toward the construction of Locks and Dams Nos. 3 and 5, expenditure to be contingent upon the contribution of $50,000 by local interests be- fore work is commenced. This contribution has not yet been made. Terminal facilities.-The only wharves on this river are all in the 20 miles above the mouth. They are four in number and range from 10 to 20 feet in length. All are privately owned, and usage is free at all except one. One has a hand derrick; the other three have no freight-handling facilities. They have no physical connection with any railroad. They are adequate for the existing commerce, and there is ample room for future enlargement. The city of Dallas 968 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. owns lands for municipal wharves, but no steps toward construction have been taken. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work of clearing the lower river has facilitated the small amount of navigation that is carried on as far up as Liberty. No through commerce can be expected from the par- tial improvement authorized. The seven completed locks and dams afford navigation in their pools. Commerce has been reported dur- ing some years in the pools above Locks and Dams Nos. 1, 2, 7, and White Rock Shoals (No. 25). Operations and results during fiscal year.-In accordance with the provisions of the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, the im- provement above Liberty, Tex., was abandoned. All locks and dams, reservations, and other property were sold, but the right was reserved by the United States to enter the reservations at Locks and Dams No. 7, Hurricane Shoals (No. 20), and White Rock Shoals (No. 25) and remove the lock gates, hinges, and operating machinery at any time before December 31, 1928. On the section of the river between the mouth and Liberty the U. S. derrick barge No. 8 during February, 1923, removed 60 snags and 113 overhanging trees, the work being done a short distance below Liberty. High water caused operations to be suspended from Febru- ary to the end of the fiscal year. A total of $11,871.49 was expended on this river during the year, of which $4,737.07 was for the snagging work below Liberty and $7,134.42 was for expenses connected with the disposal of abandoned locks and dams and reservations. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The river has been partially snagged just below Liberty. The ruling depth on June 30, 1923, between the mouth and Liberty was about 34 feet at low water. The total expended on the existing project was $4,737.07, all of which was for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The Government property at the locks and dams whose abandonment has been authorized has been disposed of. With the funds on hand unexpended July 1, 1923, amounting to $64,176.29, it is proposed to obtain a 6-foot channel to Liberty by operating a United States derrick barge in removing snags and a United States dredge in removing shoals, or do the dredging by con- tract or with leased dredge. The funds on hand will probably be ex- hausted about December 31, 1923. With the $65,000 which can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925 it is proposed to maintain the 6-foot channel to Lib- erty by operating a United States derrick barge for about five months in removing snags, and a United States or leased dredge for about six months in removing shoals, or do the work by contract. Commercial statistics.-The only commerce which has been re- ported on the river is local in the pools formed by some of the locks and dams and in the lower tidal portion. The commerce has con- sisted principally of lumber and logs. No commerce was reported for the year 1922. Usual limit of draft for loaded boats, 2 to 2.5 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS---GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 969 Comparative statement. Commerce car- Commerce car- Logs floated. ried on vessels. Logs floated ried on vessels. Year. Year. Tons. Value. Tons. Value. Tons. Value. Tons. Value. 1918 ............ 3,738 $97,200 1,750 $21,875 1921 ................................... 1919 ... ...... 1,636 85,950 219 3,285 1922............. 1920 ............. 377 14,784 387 4,644 No passengers carried. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $51,639.34: New work------------------------------------ --- $1, 896. 086. 20 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 294, 414. 35 Net total expended-- ------------------------------ 2, 190, 500. 55 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 2, 254, 676. 84 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 5........ $893.35 $233.48 $285.93........... .......... Expended for maintenance 2..... 2, 091.55 2,313.73 3,133. 66 $32, 243.97 $11, 871.49 Totalexpended 2........... 2,984.90 2,547.21 3,419.59 32,243.97 11,871.49 Appropriated or allotted.... .... ..................... Lockand Improve- Trinity dam at Improve- Locks and L a It hite ment and Dams Nos. Dam No.. below Total. Rock ainte- 3 and 5. Shoal. nance. Liberty. July, 1, 1922, balance unex- pended ...... ........... $1,053.07 $3,185.92 $250, 000.00 $1,588.25 ........... $255,827. 24 Transferred from Lock and Dam No. 5................. . ......... ........ ....... $66,000.00... .... Transferred from Lock and Dam No. 6................ ................. 1,588.25 67,588.25 Receipts from sales, etc., dur- ing fiscal year 1923. . 5, 273. 61 ........... ....... ........... 5, 273. 61 1, 053.07 8, 459.53 250, 000. 00 1, 588. 25 67, 588. 25 328, 689.10 Transferred................ 1,053.07............ 4250,000.00 6 1, 588. 25 ........... 252, 641.32 8,459. 53 ....................... 67,588.25 76,047.78 June 30 1923, amount ex- pended during fiscal year for maintenance 2........ ......... 7, 134. 42 ............ ............ 4, 737. 07 11, 871. 49 July 1, 1923, balance unex- pended . . ......... , 325. 11........... ....... 62 85118 64,176.29 July 1, 1923, outstanding lia- bilities .......................... 79. 88 .................................. 79. 88 July 1, 1923, balance available. ............ 1245.23 ..... 1 ........... 62 851.18 64,096.41 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year end- ing June 30, 1925, for mainte- nance ..................... ......... ......... ......... .......... 765,000.00.......... IIn addition to these amounts there was expended $66,000 contributed by the citizens of Dallas, Tex., all for new work. 2 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 8 To Galveston Harbor, Tex., $1,053.07. 4 To Houston Ship Channel, Tex., $184,000. 6 To Trinity River below Liberty, $66,000. 0 To Trinity River below Liberty, $1,588.25. 7 Exclusive of available funds. 970 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 14. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS, TRINITY RIVER, TEX. This report covers the operation of the locks and dams from the beginning of the fiscal year until the abandonment of the improve- ment under the provisions of the river and harbor act of Septem- ber 22, 1922. For description of the lock and dam project, see An- nual Report for 1921, pages 1113-1115. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-Operations were limited to work necessary to care for and dispose of locks and dams, reservations, and all other property. The, amount expended was $9,422.86, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-As only pools of Locks and Dams Nos. 1 and 2 and of 6 and 7 are connected, no through navigation is practicable at low-water stages, the depth over shoals being only a few inches. In accordance with the provisions of the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, the improvement above Liberty, Tex., has been abandoned. The locks and dams, reservations, and all other property have been sold, the right being reserved by the United States to enter the reservation at Locks and Dams No. 7, Hurricane Shoals, and White Rock Shoals any time before December 31, 1928, and remove the lock gates, hinges, and operating mecha- nisms. The total expended to June 30, 1923, from the permanent indefinite appropriation was $252,618.79, all for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The abandonment of the maintenance, care, and operation of the locks and dams having been authorized by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. 989, 66th Cong. 3d sess.), no further funds are required. At each lock and dam the lock gates are securely fastened back into the recesses in the lock walls and enough of each dam is down to afford passageway for rises. The river and harbor property, land, and buildings have been dis- posed of, making further work unnecessary. Commercial statistics.-During some years commerce has been reported in the pools formed by Locks and Dams Nos. 1, 2, 7, and White Rock Shoals (No. 25). No commerce was reported for the year 1922. 15. CEDAR BAYOU, TEX. Location and description.-This bayou is about 17 miles long, flowing south and emptying from the eastern shore into the north- west corner of upper Galveston Bay, about 1l miles below the mouth of San Jacinto River and about 28J miles north of Galveston, Tex. It is tidal throughout its length. The lowest stages are during the winter season. Its drainage area is about 75 square miles. The im- proved section is about 2 miles long, extending from the mouth of the bayou to 5 feet depth at mean low tide in Galveston Bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1116.) Original condition.-The mouth of the bayou was obstructed by a bar with a depth of 3 feet at mean low tide. Just inside the mouth there was a depth of 7 feet, with a depth of 7 to 9 feet at mean low tide for a distance of about 17 miles to the head of navigation at Needle Point, the bayou ranging in width from 100 to 250 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved September 19, 1890, and modified by the river and harbor act approved July 13, 1892. The amount expended RIVERS AND HARBORS---GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 971 on the original and modified project prior to the adoption of the existing one on July 13, 1892, was $32,150, all for new work. Existing project.-The river and harbor act approved March 3, 1905, added this improvement to others covered by the item for " im- proving West Galveston Bay Channel, Double Bayou, and mouths of adjacent streams." In the absence of specific adoption of a definite project the dimensions of the previous project, which pro- vided for a channel 5 feet deep at mean low tide and 100 feet wide through the bar at the mouth of the bayou, have been assumed as those of the existing project. The project also includes the jetties at the mouth of the bayou provided for under the previous project. There is no approved estimate of cost either for improvement or maintenance. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is about 0.6 foot and the extreme range 1.3 feet. The height of tides is dependent largely on the wind, and during strong " northers " in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 2 feet below mean low tide. No maps have been published for this project. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities consist of a few small wharves for local use located at various places along Cedar Bayou. They are privately owned, but most of them are used to some extent by the general public on equal terms. They are considered adequate for the commerce that exists at present. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Providesmeans of communication with a well-settled farming section without railway connection nearer than 7 miles. Boat-building yard and marine ways for repair of barges, tugs, etc., are established near the town of Cedar Bayou. Operations and results during fiscal years.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1905. Two brush-and-stone jetties, the north jetty 1,413 feet long and south jetty 2,888 feet long, have been built from shore along each side of the channel, extending about 2.5 feet above mean low tide. The ruling depth on June 30, 1923, was 3.4 feet at mean low tide. The sum of $6,937.15 was expended for new work and $18,- 344.95 for maintenance, a total of $25,282.10. Proposed operations.-With the $5,000 unexpended July 1, 1923, it is proposed to.redredge the channel and restore project dimensions by operating a United States pipe-line dredge for about 16 days at ,the rate of $9,000 per month. It is expected that funds will be ex- hausted by December 31, 1923. With the $5,000 that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, it is proposed to operate a United States dredge and possibly a United States snag boat for such time as is necessary to remove shoals and other obstructions to navigation and maintain project dimensions, or to do the work by contract. This amount exceeds the average expended for maintenance during the last five years, as no effort has been made during that time to main- tain the channel to project dimensions, the existing depths appar- ently being sufficient. Depth has become so reduced, however, that redredging is desirable. Commercial statistics.-Reef shell, lumber, and general merchan- dise were the only items of freight carried on this waterway during 972 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS U. S. ARMY, 1923. 1922 so far as could be determined. The increase in tonnage and tonnage value for 1919 was due to the unusually large rice crop in that vicinity and to the fact that " Old River " shipments took the Cedar Bayou route instead of Old River and Trinity River, as for- merly. The decrease for 1920 was due to the small movement of rice. This commodity having decreased greatly in value, it is understood it was held by farmers for better prices and not shipped out. In- crease for 1921 due to increased shipment of rice. Decrease for 1922 is believed to be due to incomplete statistics. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats, 2 to 5 feet. The full project depth is necessary for all the traffic here if commerce is to be carried on unobstructed. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918..................... 64, 325 $956, 614 1921..................... 18,700 $764,667 1919 .................... 102, 387 7,602, 885 1922.............. ... ... 6,480 312,420 1920 ..................... 14, 829 1,596, 520 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,441.83: New work -------------------------------- -------- $39, 087. 15 Maintenance-----------------------------------------18, 344. 95 Net total expended -------------------------------- 57, 432. 10 Total appropriations to date of this report --------- __-------- 62, 432. 10 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended fornew work ................................... ......................... Expended formaintenance..... ....... ........................... .............. . Appropriated or allotted........ ............ ... ........... .. .. .... 000.00 $5, Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923------------------------------------- $5, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -- 5, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance --------- ------- 15, 000. 00 16. CLEAR CREEK, TEX. Location and description.-Clear Creek has its source about 13 miles south of Houston, Tex., and flows southeast for a distance of about 25 miles, emptying into the west side of upper Galveston Bay at a point 24 miles northwest of Galveston, Tex. It is tidal through- out its length, and the lowest stages occur during the winter season. About 2 miles above its mouth it expands into a wide sheet of water, known as Clear Lake. Its drainage area is about 100 square miles. The section under improvement extends from the mouth to Friends- 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 973 wood, a distance of 20 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1116 or 1117.) Original condition.-The creek was obstructed at its mouth by a narrow sand bar, on which the depth did not exceed 2 feet. Above the bar for a distance of 2 miles the depth was over 8 feet; then the creek broadened into a lake 3 miles long and 1i miles wide, which had an average depth of 1i feet at mean low tide. Above the lake the creek had a depth of 8 to, 12 feet at mean low tide, 100 to 150 feet wide, up to the town of Friendswood, the head of navigation. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 4 feet deep at mean low tide and 50 feet wide across the bar at the mouth in Galveston Bay and through Clear Lake to deep water in Clear Creek. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is about 0.6 of a foot and the extreme range 1.3 feet. The height of tides is dependent largely on the wind, and during strong "northers" in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 2 feet below mean low tide. The original estimate of cost for new work, which was made in 1900, was $10,000. No estimate was given for maintenance. The following statement is given to explain the authority for the existing project: The locality has been improved as an adjacent stream under the item of the river and harbor act approved June 13, 1902, which made appropriation for " Improvement of the Brazos River between Velasco and Richmond, Tex., and mouths of adjacent streams." There being before Congress at the time of the appro- priation a report (H. Doc. No. 449, 56th Cong., 1st sess.) containing an estimate for a channel 4 feet deep at mean low tide, and 50 feet wide across the bar at the mouth and through Clear Lake to deep water in Clear Creek, it has been assumed that these dimensions and limits for the channel are, as stated above, those of the adopted proj- ect. The latest published map is contained in House Document No. 449, Fifty-sixth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Priorto 1899 private parties reported having dredged the channel across the bar at the mouth of the creek at a cost of about $2,500, and in 1907-8 a channel 6 feet deep at mean low tide and about 80 feet wide, extending from 6-foot depth in Gal- veston Bay to the mouth of creek, a distance of about 4,700 feet, was reported completed at cost of about $2,500, the work being done by private parties. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities consist of small wharves for local use located at the town of Seabrook, at the mouth of creek, and at various points along the length of the waterway. They are privately owned, but most of them are used to some extent by the general public on equal terms. They are considered adequate for the commerec that exists at present. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Has been to afford a navigable waterway connection between the towns of Seabrook, Webster, League City, and Friendswood, and the cities of Houston and Galveston, and espe- cially a means of distributing shell at the former places for the county highways and for railway ballast. 974 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The United States pipe-line dredge San Bernard between May 7 and 21 redredged 4,000 linear feet of the channel in Galveston Bay at the entrance to the creek, restoring project dimensions and excavating a total of 51,111 cubic yards of material. The expenditures on this improvement for the year amounted to $4,027.42, all of which was charged to main- tenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1908. Ruling depth on June 30, 1923, was about 7 feet in the en- trance channel and 2.7 feet across the lake at mean low tide. A total of $50,507.58 has been expended, of which $14,290.95 was for new work and $36,216.63 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is .proposed to use the balance unex- pended July 1, 1923, amounting to $2,972.58, in redredging, with Government plant, the entrance channel in Galveston Bay to remove shoals, operating a United States dredge about two weeks, at rate of $7,000 per month. It is expected that the available funds will be exhausted by December 31, 1923. With the $5,000 that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, it is proposed to either operate a United States dredge for about two weeks in redredging the channel to re- move shoals during the fiscal year 1925 or do the work by contract. This amount exceeds the average expended on this improvement during the last five years, as work had been reduced there due to lack of urgency and war conditions. The entrance channel is now used to a considerable extent by fishing boats and should be main- tained. Commercialstatistics.-Oysters,crabs, and fish were the only items of freight moved over this waterway during the year 1922. All the commerce here requires the full project depth. The decrease in ton- nage for 1919 was probably due to the smaller number of vessels engaged in the commerce, which consisted mostly of oysters, fish, and lumber. The increased valuation was due to the increased value of fish and oysters. The decreased relative value for 1920 was due to reduced value of fish and oysters. Usual limits of draft for loaded vessels, 2 to 4 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918.......................13,844 $27, 600 1921................. 1,549 $34,996 1919....................... 389 26,100 1922...................... 872 12,126 1920....................... 837k 13,255 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work------- -------------------------------- $14, 290. 95 Maintenance---------------------------------------- 36, 216. 63 Net total expended------------------------- ----- 50, 507. 58 Total appropriations to date of this report-- 53, 480. 16 RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 975 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work ....................... .......... . . .. .... .......... Expended for maintenance..... $640.64 $3.45 $6,597.13 $2.968 $4,027.42 Appropriated or allotted................ ..... ........ 7, 000.00 4,000.00 .......... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ___----------------- $7, 000.00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 4, 027. 42 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended _______ ------------- 2,972.58 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-------------------------- 21.30 July 1, 1923, balance available ___--__------_ 2,951.28 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance__ ___- __________- - - - 15,000. 00 17. DICKINSON BAYOU, TEX. Location and description.-DickinsonBayou is about 25 miles in length, flowing east and emptying into the west side of lower Gal- veston Bay, about 20 miles northwest of Galveston, Tex. It is tidal throughout its length, and the lowest stages occur during the winter season. The drainage area is about 100 square miles. The section under improvement extends from the mouth up to Dickinson, a dis- tance of about 7 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1116 or 1117.) Original condition.-The entrance to the bayou was obstructed by a sand bar, with 22 feet of water over the crest at mean low tide, and shoal water of 3 to 4 feet in Dickinson Bay. Inside the bar the bayou had a depth of 10 feet at mean low tide for a distance of about 20 miles, with about 6 feet for the next 5 miles. The head of naviga- tion was therefore about 25 miles above the mouth. The width varied from 100 to 400 feet, the bayou being fairly clear of snags, etc., though obstructed by several bridges. The first fixed bridge was 7 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 4 feet deep at mean low tide and 50 feet wide across the bar at the mouth of the bayou. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is about 0.9 foot and the extreme range about 1.6 feet. The height of tides is dependent largely on the wind, and during strong "northers" in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 2 feet below mean low tide. The original estimate of cost for new work, which was made in 1900, was $7,500. No estimate was given for maintenance. The following statement is given to explain the authority for the existing project. This locality has been improved as an adjacent stream under the item of the river and harbor act approved March 2, 1907, which made appropriation for improving "West Galveston Bay Channel, Tex., and mouths of adjacent streams * * *." There being before Congress at the time of the appropriation a recommendation (H. Doc. No. 448, 56th Cong., 1st sess.) for a chan- 1 Exclusive of available funds. 61637--ENG 1923-----62 976 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. nel 4 feet deep at mean low tide and 50 feet wide across the bar at the mouth of the bayou, it has been assumed that these dimensions, as stated above, are those of the adopted project. The latest pub- lished map is contained in House Document No. 448, Fifty-sixth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. ferminal facilities.-The terminal facilities consist of small wharves for local use located at various points along the bayou. They are privately owned, but most of them are used to some extent by the general public on equal terms. They are considered adequate for the commerce that exists at present. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Provides water transportation for prod- uce and supplies and distributing points for shell for the railroads and highways in that vicinity. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The sum of $1.20 was expended for miscellaneous expenses and was charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in the year 1909. The ruling depth on June 30, 1923, was about 3.5 feet at mean low tide across the bar near the mouth of the bayou. A total of $37,842.31 has been expended on the improvement, of which $6,287.28 was for new work and $31,555.03 was for maintenance. Proposed operations.-Withthe $4,998.80 unexpended July 1, 1923, it is proposed to redredge the entrance channel in Galveston Bay by operating a United States dredge for about two weeks, at a rate of $9,000 per month, or do the work by contract. It is expected that the available funds will be exhausted about June 30, 1924. It is believed no additional funds will be needed for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-There appears to have been no commerce on this stream during 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, or 1922. Local inter- ests along the bayou state that this was due to the shoal conditions of the entrance channel. The full project depth is needed if any commerce is to be carried on. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923. after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $89.46: New work -------- ----------------------------------- $6, 287. 28 Maintenance------------------------------------------ 31,555.03 Net total expended---------------------------------- 37, 842. 31 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 42,841. 11 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 . 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work... 1 ............... .................................. Expended for maintenance ..... $2, 444.32 .............. $6,432.39 $43.63 $1.20 Appropriated or allotted.......... 4,000.00 .............. 3,420.34 5,000.00 ............. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS--GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 977 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended.------ ------------- ---- $5, 000. 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance- 1. 20 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------------------ 4, 998. 80 18. CHOCOLATE BAYOU, TEX. The project is about 50 per cent completed, the full width of chan- nel not having been obtained. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year, no balance is available and no work is now proposed as the channel was completely redredged during April and May, 1920, and it is considered advisable to await the development of commerce over the channel before any further work is done. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1922, page 1089. Commercial statistics.--Fish, oysters, and lumber were the only items moved over this waterway during 1922. The full project depth is necessary for practically all the traffic. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats, 2 to 4 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year.. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 19181.. . ...... ...... 1921.......... 822 $3,994 .......... 1919......... 1,595 $27700 500 1922........... 99 2, 048........ 1920.... 160 6, 201... 1 Unobtainable. The statistics for 1919 are the first obtainable since 1914. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work --------------------------------------- $6, 512. 12 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 33, 248.17 Net total expended------- -------------------- 39, 760.29 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------_ 39, 760. 29 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............................................ ................. Expended for maintenance...... $549. 40 $11, 402.84 $1, 697.12...................... Appropriated or allotted....... ........... 5,134.00 600.00 ............. ..... .... 19. BASTROP BAYOU, TEX. Location and description.-This bayou has its source near Angle- ton, in Brazoria County, and flows southeast a distance of about 25 miles, emptying into Bastrop Bay, which connects with West Gal- veston Bay. About 12 miles above its mouth a tributary known as Austin Bayou, which is navigable for about 10 miles, enters on the east bank. Bastrop Bayou and its tributaries are tidal throughout their length and the lowest stages occur during the winter season. 978 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The drainage area is about 80 square miles. The mouth of the bayou is 5 miles northwest of San Luis Pass and about 30 miles west of Galveston. The section under improvement extends from a connec- tion with the line of the inland waterway in Bastrop Bay across this bay to the mouth of the bayou, thence to the 5-foot depth in the bayou, a total distance of about 7J miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey chart No. 1117.) Original condition.-Across Bastrop Bay there were only about 10 inches of water at mean low tide; thence a depth of about 2 feet for a distance of about 2 miles above the mouth of the bayou; thence a depth of about 10 feet for about 20 miles above the mouth, except for three shoals of a total length of 3 miles, having a depth of 2 feet. The head of navigation was about 20 miles above the mouth of the bayou. Its tributary, Austin Bayou, was navigable about 10 miles above its mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 4 feet deep at mean low tide and 100 feet wide from the vicinity of Christmas Point through Bastrop Bay to 4 feet of water in the bayou and for the removal of overhanging timber and snags. Under ordinary condi- tions the mean tidal range is about 1 foot, and the extreme range about 1 feet. The height of tides is dependent largely on the wind. and during strong " northers " in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 2 feet below mean low tide. The original estimate of cost for new work, which was made in 1900, was $20,000. No esti- mate was given for maintenance. The following statement is given to explain the authority for the existing project: The river and harbor act approved March 2, 1907, added this improvement to others covered by the item for " Improv- ing West Galveston Bay Channel, Tex., and mouths of adjacent streams, * * *." There being before Congress at the time of appropriation a recommendation (H. Doc. No. 454, 56th Cong., 1st sess.) for a channel 4 feet deep at mean low tide and 100 feet wide from the vicinity of Christmas Point through Bastrop Bay to 4 feet of water in the bayou and for the removal of overhanging timber and snags, it has been assumed that the existing project, as described above, includes the work therein mentioned. The latest published map is contained in the above-mentioned document. Reconmmevnded modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Interestedparties subscribed a total of $269.42 to pay for operating U. S. dredge and snag boat Gen. S. M. Mans- field in cutting a channel through the shell reef at entrance to Bas- trop Bay in 1906, there being no Government funds available for this work. Terminal facilities.- The terminal facilities consist of small wharves for local use located at various points along the bayou. They are privately owned, but most of them are used to some extent by the general public on equal terms. They are considered adequate for the small commerce that exists at present. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities fee H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of inprovement.-Provides outlet for a rice-farming com- munity. This waterway is also a feeder to the inland waterway on the coast of Texas. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 979 Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 50 per cent completed. The channel has been dredged to depth of about 6 feet at mean low tide and width of 60 feet from its connection with the inland waterway at Christmas Bay to the 6-foot depth in the bayou,, and maintained by redredging. No snagging or cutting of over- hanging timber has been done, and the channel has yet to be widened to 100 feet. The ruling depth on June 30, 1923, was about 31 feet at mean low tide. The total expenditures have been $24,498.41, of which $9,920.22 was for new work and $14,578.19 was for main- tenance. Proposed operations.-No funds are available. With the $9,000 that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, it is proposed to maintain the channel by redredging to remove shoals, operating a United States pipe- line dredge for about one month at rate of about $9,000 per month, or do the work by contract. This amount exceeds the average ex- pended for maintenance during the last five years as on account of lack of urgency no work has been done on it during that time. The recent development of a sulphur and oil field adjacent to the bayou will undoubtedly increase the traffic on it. Commercial statistics.-There appears to have been no commerce whatever on this stream during 1918, 1919, 1920, or 1922. Fuel oil and fresh water were the only items for 1921, and amounted to 2,229 short tons, valued at $31,576. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats, 2 to 4 feet. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work------------------------------------------- $9, 920. 22 Maintenance-------- ------------------------------- 14, 578. 19 Net total expended----------------------------------24, 498. 41 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 24,498. 41 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.......................................... .............. Expended for maintenance...... $32.00 .......................... ............. Appropriated or allotted........................... Amount ,that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance ------------------------ _-------- $9, 000 20. OYSTER CREEK, TEX. The project was completed in 1911. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year, no balance is available, and no work is now proposed as there appears to be no commercial navigation on this waterway at present. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1922, page 1093. 980 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Commercial statistics.-No statistics could be obtained for this stream for any year except 1918. The only commerce for 1918 was 13 tons of fuel oil, valued at $78. Owing to its shoal condition, the channel was not used as much as it might have been. Some small boats occasionally u.se this waterway, and the usual limit of draft is 2 to 4 feet. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ------------------------------------------- $6, 942.24 Maintenance ------------------------------------------ 7, 556. 73 Net total expended----------------------------------14, 498. 97 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 14, 498. 97 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........................................... .......... Expended for maintenance..... ................................. ............ Appropriated or allotted...... ..................................................... 21. FREEPORT HARBOR, TEX. Location and description.--This harbor is formed in the mouth of the Brazos River, Tex. The section of the river improved under the above title extends, however, from the mouth to Velasco, about 6 miles above. It is subject to tidal action and has a width of from 500 to 550 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1117.) The Brazos River rises in eastern New Mexico at a point estimated to be about 40 miles west of the northwestern boundary of Texas, flows in a southeasterly direction across the State of Texas for about 1,300 miles, emptying into the Gulf of Mexico about 47 miles south- west of Galveston Harbor entrance and about 137 miles northeast of Aransas Pass (Port Aransas). It has a total drainage area of about 41,700 square miles, of which 25,500 square miles is above Waco, which is at the upper end of the improved section 430 miles above the mouth. The ordinary discharge in the lower river prob- ably varies from 245 second-feet to 66,000 second-feet, the recorded data being very limited. At the highest known flood, in 1913, the discharge at the mouth was probably 800,000 second-feet or more. The average of 18 years' record at Waco gives a minimum discharge of 98 second-feet and maximum of 37,699 second-feet. Zero dis- charges have been recorded, however, and the highest known flood discharge was probably over 100,000 second-feet, although not re- corded. Most of the discharge comes from the watershed below Waco, the river above that point flowing through semiarid country. The river is subject to sudden floods, which are liable to occur at any time during the year. It is subject to tidal action to Bolivar Landing, about 48 miles above the mouth. The average fall per mile above Waco is from 2 to 6 feet; Waco to Old Washington RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 981 (mile 254), 1.3 feet; Old Washington to Richmond (mile 102), 0.69 foot; Richmond to mouth, 0.44 foot. The current is rapid in the upper portion and sluggish in lower portion. Width varies from 550 feet at the mouth to about 150 feet at Waco. The river is shown on Texas post-route map. Original condition.-The mouth of the river was obstructed by a shifting bar about three-eighths of a mile from shore, with depths varying from 3 to 8 feet at mean low tide. For a distance of 61 miles above the mouth to the town of Velasco the depths varied from 8 to 20 feet at mean low tide, with width from 400 to 600 feet. Previous projects.-Adopted by river and harbor act approved June 14, 1880. The work was suspended in 1889, a total of $142,- 098.43 having been expended in construction of north jetty and foundation for part of south jetty, all new work. In addition $5,000 was appropriated and expended for a board of engineers to make an examination of the work done by private parties. For further details of previous projects, see page 1860 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a reasonably permanent channel about 22 feet in depth at mean low tide, and not to exceed 25 feet deep and about 150 feet wide from the jetties up to the present steamship wharf, and for such extension of the project upstream toward the town of Freeport as may be found desirable, this channel to be protected by two stone jetties at the mouth of the river with spur dikes and bank protection. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is about 1.8 feet and the extreme range about 2 feet. Freshets in the river, except under extreme conditions, do not cause a greater variation in the water surface than the tidal action. The original estimate of cost for new work, exclusive of amount expended on previous project, was $250,000. This estimate was increased to $325,000 after the hurricane of September 8, 1900. Under the modified project adopted by the river and harbor, act approved August 8, 1917, the estimate was $455,000, covering an experimental period of three years, with $100,000 annually there- after. This estimate was made in 1914. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for "dredging and such other work as may be deemed most effective in the judgment of the Secretary of War in improving and developing the harbor " (the channel to be 18 feet deep at mean low tide and 150 feet wide), and also provided for taking over the jetties and other auxiliary works built at the mouth of the river by a private company; as a result of an examination authorized by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, the work was confined to maintenance of the jetties (H. Doc. No. 1087, 60th Cong., 3d sess.) ; by the river and harbor act of Febru- ary 27, 1911, dredging was again authorized in addition to repairs to the jetties. In addition to the above work the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, provided for the construction of the seagoing hop- per dredge Comstock, at a cost of $200,000, one-half to be charged to this improvement and one-half to Aransas Pass. The river and har- bor act approved August 8, 1917, modified the project by providing 982 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. for the purchase of one 15-inch pipe-line dredge and equipment, its operation for an experimental period of three years, the operation of the seagoing dredge Comstock one-half time for three years, and repairs to the jetties, with a view to obtaining the depth of about 22 feet and not to exceed 25 feet from the jetties up to the present wharf, and for such extension of the project upstream toward the town of Freeport as. may be found desirable (H. Doc. No. 1469, 63d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-After suspension of the work by the United States in 1889, the work of improvement was undertaken by the Brazos River Channel & Dock Co., under authority granted by Con- gress on August 9, 1888. This company built the northeast jetty for a length of 4,708 feet and the southwest jetty 5,018 feet, and several wing dams or spur dikes along the bank of the river to control the current. The company transferred all their works, rights, privileges, etc., to the United States on April 25, 1899, after having obtained a depth of about 14.3 feet at mean low tide over the bar at a total ex- penditure, according to, figures furnished by them, of $1,449,025. The river and harbor act approved August 8, 1917, adopted the present modified project subject to certain conditions (stated in H. Doc. No. 1469, 63d Cong., 3d sess.) as follows: (a) Before any expenditures are made by the United States assurances shall be given satisfactory to the Secretary of War that the town of Freeport will own in perpetuity for the use of the public a strip of land 300 feet wide and 2,000 feet long, and shall construct thereon a dock or wharf with adequate rail connections, said dock or wharf to be at all times maintained in good condition by the said town of Freeport and kept open for the general use of the public, with reasonable tolls or charges for the landing of vessels or the loading, dis- charge, or transfer of freight, these tolls or charges to be approved by the Sec- retary of War. Said dock or wharf shall be so constructed and located on said strip of land as to permit of future extensions and enlargements. (b) Before any expenditures are made by the United States assurance shall be given satisfactory to the Secretary of War that the Freeport Terminal Co., now said to own practically all of the water front on the Brazos River from the jetties to and including the city of Freeport, will make and execute an in- strument in writing containing covenants running with the land that no tolls or dock charges except such as may be approved by the Secretary of War shall be charged against any vessel for the privilege of landing or loading or unload- ing to or over any dock or wharves by whomsoever owned or held and wher- ever located upon or abutting upon said Brazos River frontage now owned by said Freeport Terminal Co. These conditions have been niet by the local interests and approval was given by the Secretary of War on March 22, 1918. Teminal facilities.-The terminal facilities are located at the towns of Freeport and Velasco at the upper end of this improve- ment and at a point about a mile above the inner ends of the jetties. The facilities at Freeport consist of two small wharves, privately owned, but open to the public on equal terms, and one free public wharf owned by the municipality of Freeport. The wharves at Velasco are small, privately owned, and in such a bad state of pres- ervation as to be practically useless. They are open to the public on equal terms. The facilities just inside the mouth of the river consist of one sulphur-loading dock about 250 feet long, by means RIVERS AND HARBORS--GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 983 of which crude sulphur from the mines near Freeport is loaded directly into vessels from railroad cars by means of chutes, one oil dock, and one steamship wharf about 450 feet long, with wooden shed, which is owned by the railroad company and has in the past been used for handling miscellaneous freight brought to it by regu- lar trips of a freight steamer from New York. The sulphur dock and oil dock are not open to the public. The steamship wharf is open to the public when not occupied by the owners. The existing facilities are considered adequate for the commerce that exists. As above noted under the paragraph on Local cooperation, provision has been made for the construction of a public wharf and the pre- vention of a terminal monopoly. Effect of improvement.-Regular sailings of four to six vessels per month were at one time made by steamers of the Seaboard & Gulf Steamship Co. between Brazosport (the steamship wharf just inside the mouth of the river) and New York. This traffic has had some effect on the freight rates of competing steamship lines to Galveston. It is understood, however, that the ships of this company were under control of the United States Shipping Board during 1917 and 1918, and handled no general cargo to Brazosport. Since 1919 they have been engaged in other trade. The present effect of this improvement is to afford an outlet for sulphur and an inlet for fuel oil from Mexico. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The redredging of the turning basin and channel across the bar at the jetty entrance was continued during the year. The hired pipe-line dredge Matagorda worked between July 1 and 17, 1922, redredging the turning basin to project depths and removed a total of about 25,000 cubic yards of material at a total expenditure of $2,800. The U. S. seagoing dredge Galveston operated on the bar channel between the following dates: August 17 to 18, September 1 to 6, October 27 to 31, Novem- ber 1 to 4, 1922, February 21 to 28, March 1 to 6, and June 25 to 30, 1923, excavating a total of about 227,015 cubic yards, hopper meas- urement, at a total expenditure of $18,058.99. Fewer river rises have been experienced, and the resultant shoaling of turning basin and bar channel has been considerably less than during former years. The total expenditures on the project during the fiscal year, includ- ing office expenses, repairs to plant, etc., were $31,699.55, all for main- tenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The improvement is about 85 per cent complete. Two parallel jetties have been constructed with spur dikes and bank protection in the river just above their inner ends. The turning basin at the steamship and sulphur docks has been dredged to 22 feet at mean low tide, with the channel completed to the same depth and a width of 150 feet to the inner ends of the jetties; a jetty channel 20 feet deep at mean low tide and 150 feet wide has been dredged to deep water in the Gulf of Mexico. The jetties were completed in.1908 and the spur dikes and bank protection in the same year. The work on the present project has been much de- layed, and the necessary excavation has been largely increased by the frequent and heavy rises of the Brazos River that have occurred since the beginning of this work in 1918. At the end of the fiscal year the bar channel had a ruling depth of 19 feet at mean low tide, with a bottom width of about 150 feet; thence through the jetty channel up 984 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. to the turning basin the ruling depth is now about 21 feet at mean low tide, bottom width 125 to 145 feet; thence through the middle of the turning basin the ruling depth is from 27 to 331 feet. Along the face of the sulphur dock, and extending about 75 feet out from it, the depth varies from 19 feet at the lower end to 7 feet at the upper end, with from 25 to 21 feet 175 feet out from it. The work re- maining to be done is the completion of the jetty repairs, redredging of the turning basin and channel connecting it with deep water in the Gulf of Mexico to project depth, and the extension of the chan- nel upstream to the town of Freeport. A total of $1,388,034.25 has been expended on the improvement of this lower portion of the river, of which $581,963.11 was for new work, including half the cost of the seagoing dredge Comstock, and $806,071.14 was for maintenance. Proposed operations.-With the funds unexpended July 1, 1923, amounting to $84,978.40, it is proposed to carry on the following maintenance operations: Maintain the channel between the jetties by operating a United States seagoing dredge for about one and one- half months at a rate of $20,000 ($30,000) ; maintain the river chan- nel up to and including the turning basin by the operation of a United States pipe-line dredge for about one month at a rate of about $17,500 ($17,500); expend about $28,500 in repairs to the southwest jetty near the present shore line and to operate a sea har- row on the bar at the mouth of the river for about six months, at a rate of about $1,333.33 ($7,941.51) ; and to expend about $1,036.89 in surveys, upkeep of Government plant, superintendence, etc. It is expected that the available funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. With the additional $100,000 that can be advantageously expended during the fiscal year 1925 it is proposed to continue the main- tenance dredging of the sea bar and outer jetty channel by the operation of a United States seagoing dredge for about three months, at an expenditure of about $60,000; maintain the river channel from just inside the ends of the jetties up to and including the turning basin by the operation of a United States pipe-line dredge for a period of about one and a half months, at an expenditure of about $20,000; to continue and, if possible, complete the repairs to the southwest jetty, just inside the present shore line, at an expenditure of about $10,000; and to operate a sea harrow at the mouth of the river for about eight months, at an expenditure of about $10,000. Commercial statistics.-The commerce during 1922 consisted al- most entirely of sulphur and fuel oil. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats, 14 to 18 feet. The increased tonnage for 1919 and 1920 was due to the increase in oil cargoes from Mexico, the relative decrease in value for 1920 being due to drop in value of sulphur and oil. Decrease for 1921 due to decrease in demand for sulphur. Comparative statement. 1Exclusive of 3,890 tons cargo in transit, valued at $54,460. RIVERS AND HARBORS--GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 985 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $7,320.56: New work---------------------------------------- $729, 061. 54 Maintenance---------------------------------------- 806, 071. 14 Net total expended _..________ _______ __- ____-- 1, 535, 132. 68 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------- 1,620, 111.08 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ 00 $77, 122. $62, 500. 00 $50,000. 00 .. Expended for maintenance 1..... 122,076.46 98, 873. 35 92, 911.40 120, 030. 09 $31,699.55 Total expended 1.......... 199, 198. 46 161, 373.35 911.40 142, 120,030.09 31, 699.55 100,000. 00 Appropriated or allotted......... 100,000. 00 150, 000.00 57, 000. 00 50,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------ ----.--.------ $65, 250. 27 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923 50, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 __---___--1, 427. 68 116, 677. 95 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for main- tenance ---------------------------- ------------------ 31, 699. 55 July 1, 1923, balajnce unexpended-- -------------------------- 84, 978. 40 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities _________---______ ___ 1, 036. 89 July 1, 1923, balance available ________________________-_ 83, 941. 51 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance_ ... _____-____-_____-____- '100, 000. 00 22. BRAZOS RIVER, TEX., FROM VELASCO TO OLD WASHINGTON. Location and description.-For a complete description of the Brazos River see report on Freeport Harbor, Tex, page 980. The section of the river improved under the above title begins at Velasco 6 miles above the mouth and extends up the river to Old Wash- ington at mile 254, a distance of 247 miles. (See Texas post-route map.) Original condition.-For a distance of about 48 miles from the mouth to Bolivar Landing, which was the head of navigation under ordinary conditions, the river had a depth of about 4 to 20 feet at mean low tide; thence up to Old Washington at mile 254, above the mouth, which was the head of navigation at times of flood, the depths were 1 to 3 feet at ordinary stage of water on the shoals, and the river was obstructed by snags and overhanging trees. The widths varied from 200 to 400 feet. The river had a small low-water discharge, the flood discharge could not be carried in the channel, and the banks were overflowed during all large floods. The banks eroded readily, consequently the navigable channel was unstable. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 'Exclusive of ' available funds. 986 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Previous projects.-Adopted by river and harbor act approved June 3, 1896, for improvement between Velasco and Richmond only. A total of $123,676.79 was expended on this project to the beginning of the existing project in 1902, all of which was for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1860 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-The existing project, which covers 2472 miles of river with its lower end 6 miles above the mouth, provides for the removal of snags and overhanging timber and for narrowing the river at its shoals by training walls and spur dikes in order to con- centrate the current and obtain greater depths. The ordinary fluc- tuation of water surface in the nontidal portion is about 4- feet, and the extreme fluctuation due to floods from 30 feet in the lower por- tion of the river to 60 feet in the upper portion. In the portion affected by tidal action the mean range under ordinary conditions is about 1.8 feet at the lower end and probably about one-half foot at the upper end, this latter figure being only approximate, as there are no data; the extreme range in this portion due to floods is from 9 to 30 feet. The original estimate of cost for new work, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects, was $225,000, and for main- tenance $20,000. These estimates were made in 1900. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902 (H. Doc. No. 283, 56th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are a number of landings along the river bank which belong to and are used intermittently by the plan- tations on which they are located. They are privately owned and not open to the public. During the fiscal year 1919 an important oil field near Columbia, about 34 miles above the mouth of the river, sprang into prominence on account of the large production which de- veloped, and as a consequence permits have been given to four large oil companies for oil-loading wharves or piers on the river. Three of these have been constructed and consist of narrow piers project- ing into the river with clusters of mooring piles adjacent against which oil barges can be laid. They are privately owned and under- stood to be not open to the public. The terminal facilities on the river are considered adequate for the commerce that exists. (For a full description of the terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The removal of snags has prevented the formation of rafts and has materially improved the physical condi-- tion of the river. No traffic has been developed above Columbia at mile 34 above the mouth and probably will not be to any great extent until the entire river is improved. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was per- formed. Expenditures during the year, amounting to $2,270.44, were for upkeep and repair of plant, office expenses, etc., all charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The river has been fairly well cleared of snags and other obstructions, and the caving of banks has been materially reduced, but the frequent freshets bring additional snags and trees into the river from the upper reaches and tributaries. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 987 On June 30, 1923, the ruling depth in the river between Velasco and Bolivar Landing was about 71 feet at mean low tide, with about 2 feet at mean low stage of the river thence to Old Washington. The sum of $93,312.69 has been expended for new work and $223,- 010.52 for maintenance, a total of $316,323.21. Proposed operations.-No funds being available on July 1, 1923, no operations are contemplated for the present fiscal year. As the present channel appears sufficient for the present traffic, and that of the near future, no additional funds are requested for the fiscal year 1925. Commercial statistics.-So far as can be determined there was no commerce on the river during 1922. There was also no commerce on the stream in 1918. During the calendar years of 1919 and 1920 the only commerce was between the oil fields at Columbia and the mouth of the river. This began about March 11, 1919, and consisted of fuel-oil cargoes. The decrease for 1921 was due to stopping of shipment of crude oil during the early part of the year and it has not been resumed. The usual limit of draft for loaded oil barges and their towboats in the used section of the river was from 4 to 71 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1919.................... 56,412 $1,128,249 1921..................... 29,696 $71, 960 1920............... ... 57,600 1,152, 000 1922..................... (1) (1) 1 No commerce. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,436.36: New work__________________________- _ ____ $216, 989. 48 Maintenance -____-__________-____- -______ ___ 223, 010. 52 Net total expended _____________-______________ _ 440, 000. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------------- 440, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work....... .............. Expended for maintenance 1..... $7, 618. 11 $1, 085.20 $871.14 $23.52 $2, 270. 44 Appropriated or allotted.................... .................................... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended_______ ___-________----____ $2, 270. 44 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 2, 270. 44 23. BRAZOS RIVER, TEX., FROM OLD WASHINGTON TO WACO. Location and description.-For a complete description of the Brazos River see report on Freeport Harbor, Tex., page 980. The section of the river improved under the above title begins at Old Washington, 254 miles above the mouth, and extends to Waco at mile 430, a distance of 176 miles. (See Texas post-route map.) 988 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Original condition.-This section shows the usual alternation of pools and shoals, the average slope being 1.3 feet per mile. It is navigable in high water as far up as Hidalgo Falls, 260 miles above the mouth, but no navigation is practicable at low water either above or below that point. Previous projects.-The river and harbor acts of March 2, 1907, June 25, 1910, and July 25, 1912, adopted a project for the improve- ment of this stream by the construction of certain locks and dams recoinmended in House Document No. 705, Fifty-ninth Congress, first session. The expenditures thereon to June 30, 1923 have been $1,440,634.44. For further details regarding this project see page 1147, Annual Report for 1922. Existing project.-None. The abondonment of the improvement is directed by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. No: 298, 66th Cong., 1st sess.). Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Local interests provided the sites for Locks Nos. 1, 3, 6, and 8, together with rights of way for railway spur tracks and wagon roads. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-There has been no effect and none is ex- pected. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations were lim- ited to work necessary to care for and dispose of Lock and Dam No. 3, site for Lock and Dam No. 6, and other property. The total ex- pended was $1,146.22, all charged to new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Locks and Dams Nos. 1 and 8 are completed. Lock and Dam No. 3 is about 68 per cent complete. No work has been done on construction of Lock No. 6. In accordance with the provisions of, the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, this improvement has been abandoned. The locks and dams, reservations, and all other property have been sold except the rail- road right of way at Lock No. 8, which was advertised for sale on July 12, 1923. Navigation is impracticable, except in the pools above the two dams, as the low-water depth over shoals is only a few inches. Proposed operations.-In accordance with the provisions of the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, the property, land, and buildings at the various locks and dams have been disposed of and no work will be required. Funds received from the sale of property, after payment of outstanding obligations, will be transferred to other improvements. Commercial statistics.-There has been no commerce reported on this portion of the river. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $28,848.94: New work --------------- -------------------- $1, 440. 634. 44 Maintenance..-----....................----------------------- ---- Total appropriations to date of this report------ - 1,441, 000. 0 RIVERS AND HARBORS---GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 989 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 . . . . . . .. Expended for new work 1 $49, 276. 04 $1,591.75 $4, 374. 49 $8, 552. 32 $1,146. 22 Expended for maintenance...... Appropriated or allotted......... .................................................. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended _______---___-- ---- __ $101, 245. 98 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923___________ __ 1, 265. 80 102, 511. 78 Deduction on account of amount transferred to Houston Ship Channel, Tex -----------------------------------------101, 000. 00 1, 511. 78 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work__ 11, 146. 22 July 1, '1923, balance unexpended__-- -------- ---------- -- 365. 56 24. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS, BRAZOS RIVER, TEX. This report covers the operation of the locks and dams from the beginning of the fiscal year until the abandonment of the improve- ment under the provisions of the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922. For description of the lock and dam project see Annual Report for 1922, pages 1147 and 1148. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-Operationswere limited to work necessary to care for and dispose of all locks and dams, reservations, and other property. The amount expended was $3,964.68, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Lock and Dam No. 1 was com- pleted in 1915 and Lock and Dam No. 8 in 1917. Except in the pools above the two completed locks and dams navigation is im- possible except during rises. The low-water depth over shoals is only a few inches. In accordance with the provisions of the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, these locks and dams have been abandoned. The locks and dams, reservations, and all other property have been sold except the railroad right of way at Lock No. 8, which was advertised for sale on July 12, 1923. The total ex- pended to June 30, 1923, was $113,953.38, all for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The abandonment of the maintenance, care, and operation of the locks and dams having been authorized by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. No. 298, 66th Cong., 1st sess.), no further funds are required. At each lock and dam the gates are securely fastened back into the recesses in the lock walls and the dams are down. The river and harbor property, land, and buildings have been disposed of, making further work unnecessary. Commercial statistics.-There has been no commerce reported in the pools formed by the locks and dams. 25. WEST GALVESTON BAY AND BRAZOS RIVER CANAL. Location and description.-This section includes a channel from Galveston Harbor extending in a youthwesterly direction through 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 990 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. .West Galveston Bay and Oyster Bay, and a canal connecting the latter with the Brazos River. The section is about 36 miles long, parallel to and from 1 to 4 miles distant from the coast line of the Gulf of Mexico. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1117.) Original condition.-West Galveston Bay had a depth of 2 to 6 feet at mean low tide, and the connecting waterway from this bay to Oyster Bay, the next body of water westward along the coast, was a narrow, crooked channel 3 to 10 feet deep at mean low tide. In Oyster Bay the depths were 1 to 3 feet, connecting at the west end with the Galveston and Brazos River Canal, which had been dredged by private parties and had a depth of about 2 feet at mean low tide when acquired by the United States in 1902. This canal was about 100 feet wide and 9 miles long, extending to the Brazos River. Previous projects.-The project was adopted by river and harbor act approved July 13, 1892, and modified by river and harbor act approved July 8, 1896. Under the river and harbor act approved June 13, 1902, the Galveston and Brazos Canal was purchased at a cost of $30,000, and turned over to the United States in December, 1902. A total of $102,307.66 had been expended prior to the adop- tion of the existing project in 1907, of which $99,103.69 was for new work, including $30,000 for the purchase of the canal, and $3,203.97 was for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1859 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 5 feet deep at mean low tide and 40 feet wide on bottom. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is about 1 foot and the extreme range about 11 feet. The height of tides is dependent largely on the wind, and during strong "northers " in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 2 feet below mean low tide. The original estimate of cost for new work, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects, was $141,528.80, and the annual maintenance cost was estimated at $20,000. These estimates were made in 1906. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, which combined the West Galveston Bay Channel and the Brazos River Canal under one appropriation as a part of the inland waterway on the coast of Texas, in accordance with the report published in House Document No. 640, Fifty-ninth Congress, second session. The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.---Under date of Septem- ber 19, 1922, the Chief of Engineers recommended that the section of the intracoastal waterway between Galveston Bay and Mata- gorda Bay be enlarged to a depth of 9 feet and width of 100 feet, at an estimated cost of $1,425,000 for new work, and $150,000 annually for maintenance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation (see H. Doc. No. 395, 67th Cong., 2d sess.). Local cooperation.-In 1851-1853 the Galveston & Brazos Naviga- tion Co. dredged a canal about 6 feet deep at mean low tide and 100 feet wide through the mainland from the Brazos River to Oyster Bay, a distance of about 9J miles. The United States purchased this canal in December, 1902, at a cost of $30,000. It is reported that the State of Texas in 1859 dredged channels through the reefs in West Galves- ton Bay and that the storm of 1875 practically obliterated them. The RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 991 Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Railroad reimbursed the United States in the sum of $1,018.39 for the removal of certain piling and material that obstructed the channel at site of their abandoned bridge near the causeway. Terminal facilities.-There are no terminal facilities of any kind along the line of the channel. The terminal facilities are located at each end, however, at Galveston and at the mouth of the Brazos River, and are described under the reports on Galveston Channel and Freeport Harbor, Tex. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-As a part of the general improvement of inland waterways it affords a safe inland passage for light-draft boats and barges and connects the various natural waterways along the coast with the ports of Galveston, Freeport, Port Aransas, and others. The benefits to commerce have been small, as lack of funds and lack of adequate plant has left the waterway shoaled to imprac- ticable depths at some point at all times. Regular trips each week or 10 days are being made between Gal- veston, Corpus Christi, and intermediate points by light draft gas- oline boats in spite of the shoaled channel conditions. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done on this section of the waterway, as none was urgently needed. The boom at the Brazos River end of the section was operated and main- tained at an expenditure of $666.53. The total expended and charged to the improvement during the year was $12,269.11, including re- pairs to United States plant, care and upkeep, superintendence, in- spection, office expenses etc., all charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1910. The ruling depth on June 30, 1923, was about 3 feet at mean low tide with a bottom width varying from 35 to 40 feet. A total of $368,776.73 has been expended, of which $134,491.04 was for new work and $234,285.69 was for maintenance. Proposed operations.--With the funds unexpended, July 1, 1923, amounting to $6,008.86 it is proposed to maintain and operate the boom at the Brazos River end of the channel at an expenditure of about $900, to make additions to United States dredging plant at an expenditure of about $2,608.86, and to dredge such portions of the channel as have shoaled to such an extent as to make re- dredging urgent, by operating a United States dredge for a period of about 10 days at a rate of about $7,500 "per month ($2,500). It is expected that the available funds will be exhausted about January 1, 1924. With the additional $10,000 that can be profitably expended dur- ing the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, it is proposed to redredge such portions of the channel as are urgently in need of redredging by operating a United States pipe-line dredge. for a period of two weeks at a cost of about $4,000, to expend about $4,860 in repairs to plant, and to maintain and operate the log boom at the Brazos River end of the canal at a rate of about $95 per month ($1,140). Commercial statistics.-Vegetables, crude oil, groceries, and gen- eral merchandise constituted the principal items handled over this waterway during 1922. The record of vessels using this part of 61637-ENG 1923y-83 992 'REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. the inland waterway was obtained from the drawbridge tender at the Galveston Causeway. The tonnage of freight arid value was obtained from the records of those using the waterway. The in- crease in vessel movement during 1919 was due to the return to more normal conditions and the starting of a new freight line between Galveston and Freeport, Tex. Chocolate and Bastrop Bayous and Oyster Creek are feeders of this waterway. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats 2 to 4J feet. The full project depth is needed for the movement of all freight except fish and oysters. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Vessels. Vessel. tonnage.' Short tons, freight. Value. 1918.................................................... .. 1,641 9,141.......... 1919........ ..................................... ........ 2, 647 13 642 .. ...... . 1920 ................................................... 2,284 21,082 2, 361 $144, 544 1921............................................ 2,874 12,165 1,515 173 601 1922.... ....................................... 3,055 16,421 645 246,615 1 The vessel tonnage is estimated. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $14,683.50: New work ----------------------------------------- $233, 594. 73 Maintenance __ ---------------------------------------- 237, 489. 66 Net total expended ______________.___.___________ 471, 084, 39 Total appropriations to date of this report ----------------- 477, 093.25 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.... ............ .. ....... ............... Expended for maintenance 1..... $18, 715.37 $9, 969. 44 $37, 328. 09 $30, 575.76 $12, 269. 11 Appropriated or allotted......... 18, 000. 00 25, 000. 00 50,000. 00 ............... 5, 000. 00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------------------------- $10, 374. 81 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923---------------- --------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923----_____----- 2, 903. 16 18, 277. 97 June 30, 1922, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 112, 269. 11 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-------------------------- 6, 008. 86 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities - -- _ ____----------181. 31 July 1, 1923, balance available ------------------------------- 5, 827. 55 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance--------------------- 210, 000. 00 z Exclusive of available 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 993 26. CHANNEL BETWEEN BRAZOS RIVER AND MATAGORDA BAY, TEX. Location and description.-This channel extends from the Brazos River near the termination of the Galveston & Brazos Canal to 5 feet of water at mean low tide in Matagorda Bay, a distance of about 32 miles. It lies parallel to the coast line of the Gulf of Mexico and one-half to 1l miles distant therefrom. It is tidal throughout its length. The east end is about 36 miles from Galveston and the west end about 114 miles east of Aransas Pass. (See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey chart No. 1117., Original condition.-The Sand along the route of this channel is: generally marshy, with numerous shallow bayous, lakes, and ponds,. and the elevations along the line do not exceed 5 feet above mean low tide. Of the total length of 32 miles 24 are overland. The channel crosses the San Bernard River and Caney Creek, connecting; them with the inland waterway system. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 5 feet deep at mean low tide and 40 feet wide on bottom from the Brazos River to the 5-foot natural depth in lower Matagorda Bay, with a branch or side channel to the mouth of the Colorado River of the same depth and width. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is about 1 foot and the extreme range 11 feet. The height of tides is depend- ent largely on the wind, and during strong northers in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 1l feet below mean low tide. The original estimate of cost for new work was $400,000, with $15,000 annually for maintenance. These estimates were made in 1908. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the main line of the channel (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 3, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the cut at the mouth of the Colo- rado River (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 3, 63d Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 640, Fifty-ninth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of September 19, 1922, the Chief of Engineers recommended that the section of the intracoastal waterway between Galveston Bay and Matagorda Bay be enlarged to a depth of 9 feet and width of 100 feet, at an estimated cost of $1,425,000 for new work and $150,000 annually for mainte- nance, subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. (See H. Doc. No. 395, 67th Cong., 2d sess.) Local cooperation.-Although not specifically required by law, local interests provided all necessary rights of way free of cost to the United States. Use was also made of the canal cut by private interests from Caney Creek into the upper or eastern end of Mata- gorda Bay. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities are located at the mouth of the Brazos River and at the town of Matagorda on Mata- gorda Bay. Those at the mouth of the Brazos are described under the report on Freeport Harbor. The facilities at Matagorda con- sist of four small wharves on the bay and the Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Railroad spur track to the bank of the Colorado River just above the mouth. Three of the wharves are private property 994 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. and belong to fish and oyster houses, being used by their own boats and to some extent by the general public on equal terms. The other was built by the people of Matagorda, principally for recreation pur- poses, and is public property, being open to all on equal terms. The wharves were seriously damaged and the public recreation wharf de- stroyed by the hurricane of September, 1919. The wharves have been repaired, but no movement toward the replacement of the public recreation wharf has been attempted. The present facilities are con- sidered sufficient for the present commerce. (For further informa- tion see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d, sess.) Effect of improvement.-The completion of this section of the canal has opened a clear waterway from Galveston to Corpus Christi, a distance of about 202 miles, and has connected various natural -waterways along the coast with the Texas ports between Galveston and Port Aransas. It further developed a considerable water-borne commerce which later deteriorated, principally due to the impossi- bility of keeping the waterway at project dimensions throughout its length, due to lack of funds and lack of adequate plant to perform the necessary maintenance work. Regular trips each week or 10 days are again being made by a light-draft gasoline boat between Gal- r eston, Corpus Christi, and intermediate points. Operations and results during fiscal year.--The U. S. derrick barge No. 2, worked between September 14 and 15, 1922, redredging that portion of the section near the Brazos River, removing a total of 900 cubic yards of material and forming a channel 5 feet deep and about 40 feet wide on the bottom through the shoal at this point. The four bridges were operated and maintained, Quintana Bridge having been thoroughly overhauled and repaired. No other work was done, as none was urgently needed to provide for the traffic using the section. The total expended on this improvement during the year, includ- ing repairs and upkeep of United States plant, superintendence and operation bridges, boom, etc., was $20,429.87, all of which was for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project for the main channel was completed in 1913. The project for the tributary channel across the bar at the mouth of the Colorado River was completed July 27, 1919. The ruling depth on June 30, 1923, was about 3 feet at mean low tide along the main line of channel confined to the section be- tween the Brazos River and the Quintana Bridge and the western section of the Cedar Lakes. Across the bar at the mouth of the Colo- rado River 5 feet in depth and 25 feet bottom width is found. Total expended at the end of the fiscal year was $587,914.68, of which $251,549.21 was for new work and $336,365.47 for maintenance. Proposed operations.--With the funds unexpended July 1, 1923, amounting to $24,712.45, it is proposed to maintain and operate the four existing bridges at a rate of about $333.33 per month ($4,000) and to expend the remainder, $20,712.45, in removing shoals in the channel wherever urgently needed, especially near the Brazos River and at the mouth of the Colorado River, and so far as the funds will permit, by the operation of a United States pipe-line dredge for about two and a half months, at a rate of about $7,500 per month. It is expected that the funds will be exhausted about June 30, 1924. RIVERS AND HARBORS--GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 995 With the additional $20,000 that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, it is proposed to maintain the main channel between the Brazos and San Bernard Rivers, and its entrance into Matagorda Bay, by the removal of shoals along this section by the operation of a United States pipe-line dredge for about one-half month, at an expenditure of about $6,000, to main- tain the channel across the bar at the mouth of the Colorado River, at an expenditure of about $9,000, and to operate and maintain four bridges and bridge tenders' dwellings, at an expenditure of about $5,000. Commercial statistics.--Mud shell, oysters, fuel oil, and general merchandise were the principal items moved over this section of the inland waterway during 1922. The decrease in tonnage for 1919 was due to the shoal condition of the canal between the Brazos, River and San Bernard River. The increased value was due to in- creased value of the commodities carried. The greater relative de- crease in value for 1920 was due to drop in prices of all commodities. Increases for 1921 and 1922 were due to increased movement of mud shell. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats, 2 to 42 feet. T he full project depth is needed for the movement of all freight except fish and oysters. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. jPassengers. 1918 ....... 4,478 $171, 902 252 1921........ 5, 077 $197,185 .......... 1919.......... 2,505. 182,466 .36,172 247,552 ... 1920........... 3,728 158,369............. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $35,760.25: New work ------------ -------------------- 549. 21 $--------251, Maintenance --_-_------- - 336, 365. 47 Net total expended----------- 587, 914. 68 Total appropriations to date of this report ......- 612, 627. 13 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ ............. , 000.... .00.... Expended for maintenance 1.... 821, 012. 82 27, 455. 94 $49, 470.87 $77,491. 34 $20, 429.87 1. . . . . . . . Total expended .. 21,012.82 32,455.94 49, 470.87 77, 491.34 20, 429.87 Appropriated or allotted....... 31, 300. 00 56, 827. 13 50, 000.00 21, 500. 00 10,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------------------------- $14, 407. 49 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923 --------------- -------------------- 10, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923----------------20, 734. 83 45, 142. 32 June 30, 1923, amount - - expended during fiscal year, for main- tenance' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 20, 429. 87 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 996 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended --------- ------------------ $24, 712. 45 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities----------------__-- 1, 694. 71 July 1, 1923, balance available------------------------------ 23, 017. 74 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 3O, 1925, for maintenance------------------------------------ 20, 000. 00 27. CHANNEL FROM PASS CAVALLO TO ARANSAS PASS, TEX. Location and description..-This channel is about 63 miles in length, extending from the west end of Matagorda Bay to Aransas Pass and passing through Espiritu Santo, San Antonio, Mesquite, and Aransas Bays, which are separated from the Gulf of Mexico by Matagorda and St. Joseph Islands. It is tidal throughout its length. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1117.) Original condition.-The several bays along the route of this channel had depths of 5 to 10 feet at mean low tide over the greater part of their area, but navigation was obstructed in many places by sand bars and shell reefs, with only 1 to 3 feet of water at mean low tide over the crest. Some of these reefs had narrow passages dredged through them, and these were used as the United States mail route. between Indianola and Corpus Christi before railway connection was established. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 5 feet deep at mean low tide and 40 feet wicde on bottom from Matagorda Bay at the head of Pass Cavallo to the entrance to Turtle Cove at Aransas Pass, .a distance of about 63 miles, utilizing the lagoons between the islands and the mainland. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is about three-fourths of a foot and the extreme range about 11/2 feet. The height of tides is dependant largely on the wind, and during strong " northers" in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 1 foot or more below mean low tide. The original estimate of cost for new work was $65,850 and for maintenance $10,000 annu- ally. These estimates were made in 1906. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 640, 59th Cong., 2d sess.). The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, contained a provision authorizing the Secretary of War to change the route of the channel so as to pass by the town of Port O'Connor, Tex., and to expend available funds for this work instead of maintaining the channel along its former route. The latest published map is contained in the above-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-Prior to 1875 a small amount of dredging through the shell reefs obstructing navigation of these bays was made by or under the authority of the State of Texas. The neces- sary rights of way for the new cut-off channel passing close to the town of Port O'Connor were furnished to the United States by local interests. Terminal facilities.-The terminal 'facilities consist of wharves located at the towns of Port O'Connor, Rockport, and Port Aransas 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 997 along the line of this waterway. Those at Port Aransas are de- scribed under the report on this improvement. At Port O'Connor on Matagorda Bay, opposite Pass Cavallo, there are but two small whaves owned and used by the fish and oyster houses and also to some extent by all boats in receiving and discharging freight. They are open to all carriers on equal terms. At Rockport, on Aransas Bay, 12 miles from Aransas Pass, there is now but one wharf fit for service, the other four never having been properly repaired since the hurricane of September, 1919. This wharf, a railroad trestle, is the property of the San Antonio & Aransas Pass Railway, and is used by the fish and oyster companies and other small craft. About 1 miles below or southwest of Rock- port is a shipyard owned and operated by Heldenfels Bros., which offers, a small wharf and rail service open to all carriers on equal terms. These facilities are considered sufficient for the present com- merce. (For further information see II. Doc. NIo. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.). Effect of improvement.-As a component part of the inland water- way system this channel has provided waterway communication be- tween Galveston and Corpus Christi, a distance of 202 miles, con- necting up various natural waterways along the coast with the Texas ports west of Galveston. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. derrick barge No. 2 worked on this section between April 27 and May 24, 1923, removing the shoals from between the bulkheads at Port O'Con- nor and excavating a shoal from the channel in Barroom Bay, near inner end of Port O'Connor Cut. Five thousand six hundred and ten cubic yards of material were excavated, of which 900 cubic yards were from Barroom Bay, forming a channel 5- feet deep at mean low tide and about 40 feet wide on bottom, extending from deep water in Matagorda Bay to 5 foot depth in the canal. The total expended on this improvement during the year, includ- ing repairs and upkeep of plant, superintendence, office charges, etc., was $2,819.29, all of which was for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1909. The ruling depth on June 30, 1923, was about 5 feet except just east of Ayers Cut, where a ruling depth of about 3J feet at mean low tide, with soft mud bottom, is found over a distance of some 900 feet. Total expenditures were $236,249.88, of which $49,017.76 was for new work and $187,232.12 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-With the funds unexpended July 1, 1923, amounting to $16,181.23, it is proposed to redredge the channel at Port O'Connor and Ayers Reef and at such other points as are ur- gently in need of redredging by the operation of a United States pipe-line dredge at an expenditure of about $12,000, and to expend for repairs and additions to plant about $4,181.23. It is expected that the funds on hand will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. With the additional $5,000 that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, it is proposed to maintain the channel by the removal of shoals by the operation of a United States pipe-line dredge at an expenditure of about $3,000, and to expend about $2,000 for repairs and additions to plant. The amount required for maintenance is in excess of the average expended for that purpose during the last five years on account of 998 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1123. no work being performed during the past three years, the shoaling of the channel at Port O'Connor and the present cost of dredging operations. Commercial statistics.-The principal items carried over this sec- tion of the inland waterway during 1922 were, so far as could be de- termined, mud shell, fish, oysters, and general merchandise. The decrease in tonnage and tonnage value for 1919 was due to lack of commerce and the destruction of wharves, etc., at shipping points by the hurricane of September, 1919. The increase for 1920 was due to return to more normal conditions. The great increase for 1921 was due to large movement of mud shell, and the decrease for 1922 was due to decrease in movement of this article. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats, 2 to 4 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918.......... 3,188 $261, 213 ............... 1921. ........ 79, 249 $178, 590 .......... 1919....... 572 26,125 ............ 1922......... 34,550 298, 432.......... 1920.......... 1,244 113,002......... Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $4,397.45: New work --- $49, 017. 76 Maintenance--- --------------------------------- 187, 232. 12 Net total expended-------------------------------236, 249. 88 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------------ 252, 431. 11 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work. . .............................. ........................ Expended for maintenance 1.... $28, 165.27 $3, 528.36 $881.63 $1, 147.68 82, 819.29 Appropriated or allotted....... 6,000.00 25, 000. 00 ............................ 16,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---------------------------- $1, 000. 52 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923----------------------------------------- 16,000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923-----------------2, 000. 00 19, 000. 52 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 12, 819. 29 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------------------------- 16, 181. 23 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance-------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 28. CHANNEL FROM ARANSAS PASS TO CORPUS CHRISTI, TEX. Location and description.-This channel extends from Aransas Pass through the depression known as Turtle Cove and through Corpus Christi Bay to the city of Corpus Christi, on the west side 1Not deductih g receipptsa from sales, etc. =Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 999 of the bay, a distance of 211 miles west of Port Aransas. The en- tire length of channel is tidal. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Sur- vey chart No. 1117.) Original condition.-There was originally no channel through Turtle Cove, most of it being bare at mean low tide. The distance from Aransas Pass to the 8-foot depth in Corpus Christi Bay was about 6 miles; thence to the city of Corpus Christi the depth varied from 8 to 14 feet at mean low tide. Previous projects.-This locality was first improved under the title of " Turtle Cove Channel between Aransas Pass and Corpus Christi, Tex.," under project adopted by river and harbor act ap- proved March 2, 1907. The project was enlarged and title changed by the river and harbor act approved June 25, 1910. The total ex- penditures prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1922 were $342,907, of which $280,455.14 was for new work and $62,451.86 for maintenance. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 25 feet deep at mean low tide and 200 feet wide on bottom, with widened places for passing, from deep water at Port Aransas through Turtle Cove and Corpus Christi Bay to the shore line at Corpus Christi. (See paragraph Local cooperation for remainder of project which is to be completed by local interests.) Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is about 1 foot and the extreme range about 1 feet. The heights of tides is dependent largely on the winds, and during strong " northers" in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 2 feet below mean low tide. The estimated cost for new work, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects, is $1,394,800, with $195,000 per year for main- tenance for the first two years and $150,000 per year thereafter. These estimates were made in 1921. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. No. 321, 67th Cong., 2d sess.), which contains the latest published map. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-In 1874 a channel was dredged by Messrs. Morris & Cummings, under an agreement with the State of Texas, extending from Aransas Bay to Corpus Christi Bay and passing through the shallow flats behind Harbor Island. This cut was about 8 feet deep at mean low tide, 100 feet wide, and about 6 miles long. Its use has been much less since the new cut was made by the United States through Turtle Cove. The river and harbor act approved September 22, 1922, adopted the present project subject to certain work being done by the local inter- ests as follows (stated in H. Doc. 321, 67th Cong., 2d sess.) : Excavate a turning basin 1,200 feet wide by 3,000 feet long and 25 feet deep east of the city of Corpus Christi, with a channel 200 feet wide and 25 feet deep connecting this basin with the Government channel; con- struct wharves providing at first for berthing space for seven vessels, with ample provision for future expansion; provide the necessary mechanical equipment, fire protection, storage tracks, and motor- truck highways; extend the partly constructed city breakwater in front of the exposed face of the harbor; construct a lift bridge carry- ing the highway and the San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railroad track across the entrance channel; construct a levee between the 1000 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. harbor and Nueces Bay. In addition the local interests have agreed to convey to the United States or the city of Corpus Christi without cost lands needed for a publicly owned and operated harbor for ter- minal docks and warehouses, and for highway and railroad pur- poses; to place in trust the lands adjacent to the harbor for sale at reasonable price to individuals or corporations desiring location thereon; to establish ample grain elevator facilities; to install ade- quate facilities for handling cotton; to proceed with plans to bring natural gas in the city; and to establish a cotton mill there. None of this has yet been done by the local interests, although it is understood that the fulfillment of these requirements, by them, is rapidly mate- rializing, due to their activity. Terminal facilities.--The terminal facilities are located at each end of the channel, at Aransas Pass and at Corpus Christi. Those at Aransas Pass are described under the report on Port Aransas. At Corpus Christi there were previous to the hurricane of September, 1919, a number of small piers used for various purposes, but only one was of commercial importance. This was a municipal wharf about 1,000 feet long and 200 feet wide, built by the city of Corpus Christi, and consisted of an earth fill between concrete bulkheads with a wooden apron on piles at its outer end. It was open to the public, only sufficient charge being made to dover its maintenance. On it were located a cotton compress, a fish-packing establishment, and an oil pipe line, by which crude oil is pumped ashore from barges. This wharf was badly damaged by the above-mentioned hurricane, the wooden apron being nearly destroyed, the compress and fish-packing establishment being wrecked and the concrete bulkhead damaged. The wooden apron has been temporarily repaired. There were three other wharves which were used for the transfer of freight, but these were wrecked in the hurricanes of August, 1916, and September, 1919, and only the Texas-Mexican Railroad trestle and municipal wharf have been placed in usable condition. The present facilities appear to be adequate to care for the existing commerce. *Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to place the city of Corpus Christi in water communication with ocean-going traffic at Port Aransas. Only an oil-barge traffic is now conducted over the route, as the channel dimensions adopted were unsuitable for the development of anything else. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No dredging opera- tions for either maintenance or new work were performed during the year. No urgent need for maintenance dredging was apparent, and the local interests had not complied with the requirements of the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922. Triangulation signals for the actual location and marking of the proposed channel from Aransas Pass to Corpus Christi and for survey purposes were con- structed and erected in readiness for active operations upon the sat- isfactory completion of the Corpus Christi cooperation as required by the approved project. The sum of $697.82 was expended during the year for construction and erection of survey signals, including superintendence, office expenses, etc., and $8,310.76 for general main- tenance, repairs to plant, etc., a total of $9,008.58, all charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No other work than installation of survey signals and the compilation of specifications for dredging RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 1001 has yet been done on the existing project. The ruling depth on June 30, 1923, was about 5 feet at mean low tide, being confined to the Corpus Christi Bay end of the Turtle Cove Channel, with a bottom width of about 75 feet. The total expended on the present project was $9,008.58, including superintendence, office expenses, plant re- pairs, etc., all charged to maintenance. Proposed operations.-With the balance unexpended July 1, 1923, amounting to $1,070.25, it is proposed to perform such preliminary work, surveys, laying out channel, etc., as may be necessary to place the work in condition for active operations upon the fulfillment of the required conditions by the local interests. It is expected that the available funds will be exhausted by August 31, 1923. The sum of $444,800 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925 for work under the new 25-foot project by contract, at an expenditure of about $420,000, and for such necessary maintenance dredging as may be necessary by operating a United States pipe-line dredge, or by contract, at an expense of about $24,800. Commercial statistics.-The only items of commerce for 1922, so far as could be determined, were fish, oysters, and shrimp. The increase for 1919 was principally due to greater amount of fuel oil moved over this waterway. The decrease for 1920 was due to the shoaling of the channel and the destruction and damage of wharf facilities by the hurricane of September, 1919. The de- crease for 1922 was due, it is believed, to incomplete statistics, the local interests at Corpus Christi having failed to cooperate in fur- nishing statistics. The full project depth is needed for the full development of the fuel-oil movement in barges through this chan- nel. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats under present conditions, 2 to 4 1feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. . ... ..--... - - - -. .-- .. -...- - ..- ...-- - - - - - - -- I - - - - -- - - - - - - - - I - - 1918........ ... .......... 23,197 $465,050 1921..................... 11,042 $202,020 1919.......... ....... .... 30, 862 316,412 1922.. ................... 1,609 92,904 1920....................... 8, 410 190,872 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $17.10: New work------------ ------------------------- $280, 455. 14 Maintenance------- --------------------------------- 71, 460. 44 Net total expended---------------------------------351, 915. 58 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 352, 985. 83 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.............................................................. Expended for maintenance 1 ..... $13.33 ................ $125. 00 $221. 17 $9, 008. 58 Appropriated or allotted................. ............ .............................. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1002 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended -------------------------- $10, 078. 83 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance - 9, 008. q8 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended________________ _ 1, 070.25 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities----------------------------- 372. 52 July 1, 1923, balance available------------------------------- 697. 73 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -------------------------------- 11,394, 800. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work-----------------------1 420, 000. 0) For maintenance ------------- ---- ---- 24, 800. 00 Total ---- --------------------------------------- 444, 800. 00 29. CHANNEL FROM PASS CA*VALLO TO PORT LAVACA, TEX. Location and description.-The bar at Pass Cavallo is 125 miles southwest of Galveston entrance and 54 miles north of Aransas Pass. Port Lavaca lies 26 miles to the northward of the pass, across Mata- gorda and Lavaca Bays. The entire section is tidal. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1117.) Original condition.-The depth of water in the bays was over 7 feet at mean low tide, but over two reefs which the channel passes the depth was reduced to 6 feet. The section requiring dredging was 4,220 feet in length, crossing Sand Point and Gallinipper Reefs. Previous projects.--None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep at imean low tide and 80 feet wide from deep water in lower Matagorda Bay to Port Lavaca, a distance of about 8 miles. Under ordinary condi- tions the mean tidal range is about 1 foot and the extreme range about 2 feet. The height of tide is dependent largely on the wind, and during strong " northers " in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 2 feet below mean low tide. The original estimate of cost for new work was $10,000, with $2,500 annually for mainte- nance. These estimates were made in 1908. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 1082, 66th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation. None. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities which are located at Port Lavaca consist of a number of small wooden wharves, most of which belong to fish and oyster houses and are used by their boats, although they are also used to some extent by all boats as landing places. It is understood there is no charge made for their use. There was, prior to the hurricane of September, 1919, one public pier for transfer of freight. This was destroyed by the hurricane and has not yet been rebuilt. (For further information see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 1003 Effect of improvement.-This channel connects Port Lavaca with the inland waterway and provides for water competition from com- mon points on this waterway. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. The total ex- pended during the year was $2,806.14 for office charges, plant re- pairs, etc., charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1910. The ruling depth on June 30, 1923, was about 5 feet at mean low tide, the shoaling being due to the hurricane of September, 1919, otherwise this work has maintained itself exceedingly well. A total of $14,982.20 has been expended, of which $9,699.48 was for new work and $5,282.72 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the funds unex- pended July 1, 1923, amounting to $17.80, for office expenses. The channel depths being sufficient for present needs no funds are required for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-Oysters and fish were the only items moved over this waterway during 1922 so far as could be determined. It is believed very incomplete statistics were obtained for 1921 and 1922, although repeated efforts were made by letters addressed to local interests. The relative decrease in value for 1920 was due to drop in prices of all commodities. Increase of tonnage for 1920 was due to large movement of mud shell. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats, 2 to 5J feet. The full project depth is especially needed for movement of the sand and mud shell in barges. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918................... . 14,908 1 $140,382 1921 ..................... 925 $19,000 1919..................... 15,671 201,090 1922..................... 1,279 25,876 1920..................... 29,524 332,766 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work__---------------------------------------------- $9, 699. 48 Maintenance ----------------------------------------------- 5, 282. 72 Net total expended--------------------------------------- 14,982.20 Total appropriations to date of this report -------------------- 15, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 ........... Expended for new work ......... ............ ......... . ........... Expended for maintenance...... $26.66 $29.29 29 $30.00 .............. .$2, 806.14 Appropriated orallotted....... ............. .............................. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------------------------------$2, 823. 94 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance- 2, 806. 14 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_-- ------ -- -------------- 17.80 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities---- - -____-___--___ 17. 80 1004 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 30. GUADALUPE RIVER TO VICTORIA, TEX. The project was completed in 1912. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year, no balance is available, and no work is now proposed, for the reason that there has been no navigation on the river for the past few years and there is no likelihood that any wilj develop if further expenditures were made on maintenance of the channel. The abandonment of this improvement is recommended in report printed as House Document No. 1090, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1922, page 1101. Commercial statistics. No statistics for 1922 could be obtained for any part of this waterway, except the privately dredged side channel leading from the dredged channel through San Antonio Bay into the town of Seadrift. Fish and mud shell were the principal articles of freight moved. There appears to have been no traffic on the river. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats, 1 to 3 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918 ...................... 60,633 $106,296 1921................... I 170 $24,500 1919....................... (1) (1) 1922.................... 17,655 38,559 1920 ...................... 198 29,080 1Not obtainable. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $99.95: New work $----------------- ---------------------- $172, 547.28 Maintenance --------------------------------------- 106, 100. 36 Net total expended --------------------------------- 278, 647. 64 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 278, 647. 64 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.................... .... ....... ..... ........ Expended for maintenance .... .............. ................ ........... . $6.30 ............ Appropriated or allotted.... ........... ............ ......................... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 31. PORT ARANSAS, TEX. Location and description.-The locality improved under the title of Port Aransas is on the southern portion of the coast of Texas, 180 miles 'southwest of Galveston and 152 miles north of the Rio Grande. The entire area under improvement is tidal. The harbor extends through Aransas Pass, which is the natural outlet of Aransas Bay into the Gulf of Mexico, and into the lower end of Aransas Bay between Harbor and St.Joseph Islands. The portion having a depth of 20 feet or over now covers about 48 acres, the length being about RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 1005 5,400 feet and the width 400 to 1,200 feet. (See U. S. Coast -and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1117.) Original condition.-Depths over the bar at the pass varied from 7 to 9 feet at mean low tide, with a shifting channel from 100 to 500 feet wide. The harbor varied in depth from 5 to 22 feet at mean low tide, with a navigable width of 300 to 1,000 feet between 12-foot contours for a distance of about 3 miles along Harbor Island. The several adjacent bays were navigable for boats of 5-foot draft over most of their area, and to the towns of Corpus Christi, Aransas Pass, and Rockport, distant 21 , 8, and 14 miles, respectively, from the jetty entrance. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879. The improvement was taken over by the Aransas Pass Harbor Co. on June 30, 1890, under authority of the act of May 12, 1890, and this company relinquished its rights to the United States on March 27, 1899. A new project was adopted by the river and harbor act of February 27, 1911. The amount expended by the United States on the original and modified projects prior to the commencement of operations under the existing project in 1901 was $1,092,079.29, all for new work. In addition thereto there was expended by the citizens of Rockport and Corpus Christi the sum of $9,938.93, and by the Aransas Pass Harbor Co. the sum of $401,554.18, making a total of expenditures by the United States and local interests of $1,503,572.40. For further details of previous projects see page 1861 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for two rubble-stone jetties ex- tending out into the Gulf of Mexico, the north jetty to be about 11,190 feet long and south jetty 8,650 feet long, and for a channel between them 25 feet deep at mean low tide and 600 feet wide; for a stone dike on St. Joseph Island about 19,100 feet long connecting with the north jetty and extending up this island to prevent a chan- nel being cut around the north jetty; for the dredging of a road- stead in the Harbor Island Basin between Harbor and St. Joseph Islands, 25 feet deep at mean low tide, 1,200 feet wide, and 3,000 feet long, with an extension of the same depth 400 feet wide and about 5,420 feet long leading from the north end of this roadstead, and for the dredging of an approach channel 12 feet deep at mean low tide and 100 feet wide with basin at end leading from Harbor Island Basin to the town of Port Aransas. Under ordinary condi- tions the mean tidal range is about 1.1 feet, and the extreme range about 2 feet. The height of tides is dependent to some extent on the winds, and during strong " northers " in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 2 feet below mean low tide. The estimated cost of the existing project, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects, was $2,325,000, with $25,000 annually for main- tenance. These estimates were made in 1912. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for taking over the: old or curved portion of the north jetty, which had been constructed by private parties; the acts of June 13, 1902, and March 3, 1905, provided for the completion of this old or curved portion according to the plans of its builders; the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the extension shoreward of the old curved portion of the north jetty to connect with St. Joseph Island and for the construction of the 1006 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. south jetty (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 5, 59th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of February 27,, 1911, provided for the dredging of the road- stead in the Harbor Island Basin to a depth of 20 feet and for 10,000 linear feet of the stone dike on St. Joseph Island (H. Doc. No. 1094, 61st Cong., 3d sess.) ; the act of March 4, 1913, provided for the deepening of the channel between the jetties and the Harbor Island Basin to 25 feet, for the extension of the stone dike on St. Joseph Island, 9,100 feet, and for the approach channel 12 feet deep to the town of Port Aransas (H. Doc. No. 1125, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is contained in the Annual Report for 1913, page 2273. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-At a cost of about $10,000 the citizens of Cor- pus Christi and Rockport built a short section of cribwork from St. Joseph Island in 1868, which was soon destroyed. The Aransas Pass Harbor Co. expended the sum of $401,554.18 on the curved portion of the north jetty and other improvements for the harbor under authority of the river and harbor act of May 12, 1890, and relin- quished its rights on March 27, 1899. The conditions imposed by the river and harbor act of February 27, 1911, providing that all ease- ments and titles for any land needed in the construction of the dike be furnished the United States free of charge, and that the interests of the general public be duly protected and no monopoly of the ter- minals shall be allowed, have been complied with and approved by the Secretary of War on April 24, 1911. The provisions of the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, requiring the town of Port Aransas to construct a suitable bulkhead to retain the spoil excavated from the approach channel and requiring that a public landing place at that point be maintained, which shall be open to all upon equal terms, have also been complied with and approved by the Secretary of War on June 2, 1914. The Aransas Pass Channel & Dock Co. has dredged a channel from the docks on Harbor Island to the town of Aransas Pass, a distance of 6 miles. This channel was 8 feet deep and 75 feet wide and was dredged at a cost of about $100,000. Terminal facilities.-The principal terminal facilities are located on Harbor Island at the head of Aransas Pass and consisted of a single wooden steamship wharf about 1,000 feet long with a wooden shed, cotton compress, terminal tracks and switches, and a terminal railroad leading thence to the town of Aransas Pass, on the main- land about 6 miles distant, where it connected with the San An- tonio & Aransas Pass Railway. These terminal facilities are pri- vately owned but open to all carriers on equal terms. They were practically destroyed by the hurricane of September, 1919, and the terminal railroad was washed completely away. Necessary repairs have been made to the wharves to allow of their use by the vessels visiting the port, but the sheds and storehouses have not been re- placed. The terminal railway has been repaired and is in use and some work on the rehabilitating of sidings done. At the inner end of the 12-foot channel leading to the town of Port Aransas the public wharf has been rebuilt by the town, which is open to general public use. These terminal facilities are considered adequate for the pres- ent commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 1007 Effect of improvement.-This port has been placed on a parity with Galveston as regards freight rates and has had sailings of two or three vessels per month. Since the outbreak of the World War the commerce has been confined to oil from Mexico. Operations and results during fiscal year--New work.--The work of extending and raising the experimental spurs was begun Septem- ber 25, 1922, and completed December 7,1922. The stone was pur- chased from quarry at a cost of $2.58 per ton of 2,000 pounds, f.o.b. cars wharf, Port Aransas, Tex. The handling and placing was done by the United States with hired labor and hired plant and Government plant. A total of 7,932 tons was used at a total ex- penditure of $36,686.86. The increased length of the four spurs average 55 feet. The crests were raised to an elevation of 3 feet above mean low tide. The extreme ends are marked by buoys placed by the Lighthouse Department. Maintenance.-One serious breach in the north jetty, near the root of spur "ID," was repaired, 278.4 tons of stone being used at a total expenditure of $1,288.99. A small gap at the junction of the St. Joseph Island Dike and the north jetty was filled, 103.5 tons of stone being used at a total expenditure of $479.21. The reinforce- ment and repairs of the St. Joseph Island Dike were continued dur- ing the year and finally completed June 12, 1923; 13,300 tons of stone were used in this work at an expenditure of $32,568.38. The stone mound across the breach in St. Joseph Island, has now an eleva- tion of about 1.3 feet above mean low tide, except for a distance of about 150 feet, where the elevation is about 3J to 4 feet below mean low tide. This space will be brought up to grade as soon as condi- tions warrant. Dredging operations, in the channel between the Gulf of Mexico and the face of the terminal wharf, were carried on through July; from August 1 to 16, and through November and De- cember, 1922, and between January 1 and 13, and June 2 and 8, 1923. About 781,062 cubic yards, hopper measurement, were exca- vated, of which about 26,853 cubic yards were from the inner harbor in front of the wharf. From May 25 to June 1 the dredge worked in the inner harbor in front of the terminal wharf, removing shoals and excavating about 20,478 cubic yards, hopper measurement. A total of 801,540 cubic yards was removed at a total expenditure of $75,875.28. The sea harrow, in tow of the U. S. tug Ionian, was operated in conjunction with the dredge Galveston, between August 8 and 15, and between November 7 and December 16, 1922, materially assisting the dredge in the widening of the channel to the southward, abreast of the spurs, where the bank is of very compact material. The sea-harrow operations were conducted at a total ex- penditure of $8,376.97. Miscellaneous work, consisting of final removal of the remains of the hull of the wreck of the snag boat Waco, repairs and betterments to the water supply system and United States wharf, together with the general upkeep of Govern- ment plant and property, were performed at a total expenditure of $19,938.19. A total of $199,670.35 was expended during the year on this proj- ect, including superintendence, office expenses, plant rental, and gen- eral repairs, of which $36,686.86 was charged to new work and $162,983.49 was charged to maintenance. 61637-ENG 1923- 64 1008 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Condition at end of fiscal year.--About 60 per cent of the existing project has been completed. Two jetties have been built, the north jetty, 9,241 feet long, extending from south end of St. Joseph Island and the south jetty, 7,385 feet long, extending from north end of Mustang Island, with four submerged riprap spurs constructed from the inner face of the north jetty and extending to the edge of the present channel. A stone dike connecting with the north jetty has been built on St. Joseph Island, its total length being 20,991 feet, this part of the project being completed in 1916. The channel between the jetties has been improved to a depth of 24 feet at mean low tide and 100 to 400 feet wide for a distance of about 10,000 feet, connecting with Harbor Island Basin or roadstead. This roadstead has been dredged to a depth of 20 feet at mean low tide and a width of 1,200 feet for a distance of 3,000 feet and an extension from the north end along Harbor Island 150 to 400 feet wide for a distance of 2,000 feet. An area 600 feet wide and 1,650 feet long near the lower end of the harbor basin and adjacent to the docks has been deepened to 25 feet at mean low tide. An approach channel 12 feet deep at mean low tide and 100 feet wide, with 200-foot basin, has been dredged from the harbor basin to town of Port Aransas, on Mustang Island, this part of the project being completed in 1914. The Harbor Island Basin is yet to be completed, the jetties fully extended, and the jetty channel made 25 feet deep and 600 feet wide. The damage to the improvement by the storms of 1919 and 1921 has all been cared for, excepting the shoaling in the Harbor Island Basin and the channel to the town of Port Aransas, which is not a serious matter at present. The jetty damage is slight and general repairs not urgent. On June 30, 1923, the ruling depth in the channel between the jetties was 25 feet at mean low tide, with a least navigable width of about 100 feet, the narrow channel extending from buoy 7 westerly for a distance of about 7,900 feet. The Harbor Island Basin had a ruling depth of about 24 feet over the portion immediately in front of the wharves, with from about 9.5 to 10.5 feet in that portion north of the wharves between St. Joseph Island and Harbor Island. The channel to the town of Port Aransas had a ruling depth of about 6 feet at mean low tide. The total amount expended under the existing project was $3,563,423.27, of which $2,269,515.46 was for new work and $1,293,- 907.81 for maintenance. Proposed operations.--With the funds unexpended July 1, 1923, amounting to $165,247.44, it is proposed to carry on the work of maintaining and improving the channel between the jetties to a depth of 25 feet and bottom width of 200 feet by operating a United States seagoing dredge for about four months, at a rate, of about $20,000 ($80,000); to maintain such portions of the inner harbor as may be urgently needed by the operation of a United States pipe-line dredge for a period of about one and one-half months at a rate of about $20,000 ($30,000); to make needed repairs to the north jetty and ex- perimental spurs, at an expenditure of about $18,000; to expend about $15,000 in maintenance of the St. Joseph Island Dike; to ex- pend about $9,000 for upkeep of suboffice, Government plant, etc., and about $13,247.44 in plant renewals, wharf repairs, and mainte- RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 1009 pance of the water system. It is expected that the available funds, will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. With the additional $140,000 that can be advantageously expended during the fiscal year 1925 it is proposed to maintain the jetty chan- nel at a 25-foot depth by operating a United States seagoing dredge for about four months, at a rate of about $20,000 ($80,000) ; to main- tain such portions of the inner harbor as may be urgently needed by the operation of a United States pipe-line dredge for a period of about one and one-half months at a rate of $17,000 ($25,000); to make needed repairs to the experimental spurs, at an expenditure of about $11,000; to expend about $10,000 in maintenance of St. Joseph Island Dike; to -expend about $9,000 for upkeep of sub- office, Government plant, etc., and about $5,000 in wharf repairs and maintenance of the water system. This amount exceeds the average expended for maintenance dur- ing the last five years, due to damages to the improvement caused by the hurricanes of September, 1919, and June, 1921, the necessary maintenance of the experimental spurs and the increased cost of dredging operations. Commercial statistics.-Crude oil was the only item of foreign commerce for 1922 and was practically the only item of coastwise trade. The principal itnms in the local traffic were fish and ice. The decrease in tonnage for 1919 was due to the shoaling of the chan- nel and the serious injury to the terminal equipment by the hurri- cane of September, 1919. The increase in tonnage value was due to the increase of oil cargo values. The marked increase in tonnage and value for 1920 was due to inclusion of the local traffic between Port Aransas and the town of Aransas Pass, which had previously not been included. The great increase for 1921 was due to large movement of crude and fuel oil, and the marked decrease for 1922 was due to conditions in Mexico which caused falling off of crude oil movement. Usual limits of draft for loaded seagoing vessels, 16 to 20 feet, and for loaded boats in local traffic to Aransas Pass, 1 to 44 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918.... ....... 121,222 $796, 966 5,048 1921.......... 458,100 84,621,347 750 1919.......... 27,070 1, 007, 259 \3.000 1922.......... 94, 386 456,135 3,250 1920........... ' 147, 506 2, 470,433 3,020 Financia s?umlaUraYy. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $8,910.99: New work ..--------------------- -------------------- $3, 361, 594. 75 Maintenance--. ---- --------- 1, 293, 907. 81 Net total expended ----------------------------- 4, 655, 502. 56 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------__ 4, 820, 750. 00 1010 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work i . ... : ... $3,983.39 $15,000.00 $111,067.92 $36,686.86 Expended for maintenance 1..... $115, 591. 57 67, 273. 07 115, 733.99 95,187. 76 162, 983. 49 Total expended 1 ........ . 115, 591.57 71,256.46 130,733.99 206,255.68 199,670.35 Appropriated or allotted.................... 110,000.00 240,000.00 227,000.00 140,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended -------------------------- $224, 221. 99 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923 1--------------------------- 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 ____________ 695. 80 364, 917. 79 -June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year :1 For new work_ _ ---------- $36, 686. 86 YFor maintenance -- -.--------------- ____ 162, 983. 49 199, 670.35 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------------------------165, 247. 44 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities --------------------------- 6, 239. 66 July 1, 1923, balance available---- 159, 007. 78 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project--__ -------------- _-------- a 55, 500. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance_______________ __ _____ __ 2140, 000. 00 32. BRAZOS ISLAND HARBOR, TEX. Location and description.-Brazos Island Harbor is at the extreme south end of the coast of Texas, about 7 miles north of the mouth of the Rio Grande, which forms the boundary between the United States and Mexico, and about 125 miles south of Port Aransas. The harbor is at the inner end of Brazos Santiago Pass, which lies be- tween Brazos and Padre Islands, and is the natural outlet from the Laguna Madre to the Gulf of Mexico. The entire area is tidal. The area having a depth of 18 feet or over is about 14 acres and the area having a depth of 12 feet or over about 60 acres, both areas being irregular in outline. Opposite the pass and across the Laguna Madre about 2 miles distant is the small town of Point Isabel on the main- land, the terminus of the railroad from Brownsville, Tex. Point Isabel has in the past been the port of entry for the lower Rio Grande Valley. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 1117.) Original condition.-Depths over the bar at Brazos Santiago Pass varied from 6 to 11 feet at mean low tide with a narrow shifting channel. Inside the bar there has always existed a small deep-water anchorage having a maximum depth in the throat or gorge of the pass of from 40 to 27 feet, and dividing at its inner end into two or more branches or " fingers" extending back into the Laguna Madre and along the shores of Padre and Brazos Islands for a short distance. The Laguna Madre inside the pass had a depth of about 5 feet at mean low tide to Point Isabel. 1Not deducting receipts from. sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 1011 Previous projects.-Appropriationsfor this harbor began in 1878. The original project for improvement adopted in 1881 contemplated the construction of two jetties extending out into the Gulf of Mexico about 1,500 feet apart. Work was suspended on this improvement in October, 1884, and the subject of a new improvement was reported on by a board of engineers. The new project reported provided for two parallel jetties about 1,100 feet apart. Appropriations ceased in 1888 and no work has been performed on the entrance channel since that time. During the fiscal year 1905 a channel 70 feet wide on the bottom, with a least depth of 10 feet, was excavated from deep water- inside the bar on a straight line across the Laguna Madre to the endi of the railroad wharf at Point Isabel, with a turning basin at itsm inner end. No work has been done since 1905 at this locality, an& this improvement was dropped from the report of the Chief of En- gineers'in 1909. The amount spent on the original and modified projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1919 was $247,913.78. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 18 feet deep at mean low tide and 400 feet wide through the entrance and its maintenance for a period of five years, the question of continuing or modifying the improvement to be then determined. Under ordinary conditions the mean tidal range is about 1 feet and the extreme range about 2 feet. The height of tides is dependent, to some extent, on the winds, and during strong 'northers " in the winter season the water surface may be depressed 2 feet or more below mean low tide. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1918, is $66,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $25,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 1710, 65th Cong., 3d sess.) The latest published map is in this document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, requires that local interests must contribute sufficient funds to dredge a channel 16 feet deep at mean low water and 100 feet wide on bottom from deep water in Brazos Santiago Pass to the ends of the wharf at Point Isabel, with a turning basin 500 feet square and 16 feet deep at the wharf, and will provide for necessary maintenance of said channel and basin, and further must rebuild the Rio Grande Railroad from Point Isabel to Brownsville to standard gauge, this work to be completed by the time the channels are completed, and must fur- nish suitable terminal facilities at Point Isabel open to all on equal. terms. These conditions have all been complied with. Terminal facilities.-There are no terminal facilities at Brazos Island. At Point Isabel is a railroad wharf, owned by the Rio Grande Railway, extending out into the bay for a distance of 1,400' feet. This was rebuilt in 1918, and while at present it carries only the narrow-gauge track of this road, it has been built with creosoted piles and heavy construction with a view to eventually carrying a standard-gauge track when this road is made this gauge throughout. There are no freight-handling facilities on this wharf. It is under- stood to be open to all on equal terms. This railroad also owns, it is understood, 740 feet of the frontage on the bay at the base of this wharf, the other frontage being owned by various parties. This wharf will probably care for the traffic that develops after improve- 1012 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. ment of the harbor, at least in its initial stages, and the president of the Rio Grande Railway has given repeated assurances that his com- pany would meet and comply with all requirements in the way of adequate free wharfage and terminal facilities. Effect of improvement.-This being a revived project which has been abandoned for about 14 years, there is as yet no effect. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The local interests, hav- ing complied with all the requirements of the act appropriating funds for dredging the outer channel, authority was received on De- cember 18, 1923, to proceed with the work. Proposals for dredging the channel were opened on February 21, 1923, and the work awarded to the lowest bidder. The date fixed for commencement of the work -was June 11, 1923, but on account of the inability of the contractor to commence the work on time through the failure of machinery dealers to deliver new machinery for the dredge as promised no work was done. The sum of $55.81 was expended for office expenses, etc., dur- ing the year, and was all charged to new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done on the existing project. Ruling depth, November, 1921, on the bar at the entrance of the harbor was about 8 feet, with 3.7 feet in the Laguna Madre from the harbor to Point Isabel, both depths being at mean low tide. No survey has been made since that date. A total of $551.82 has been expended on She existing project, all charged to new work. Proposed operations.--With the unexpended funds available July 1, 1923, amounting to $65,448.18, not including funds contributed by local interests, it is proposed to excavate the channel across the bar at the entrance to the harbor as provided by the project, under the contract which has been entered into, $65,000, and the balance, $448.18, to be expended in superintendence, inspection, etc. It is ex- pected that the project can be completed with these funds, and that the funds on hand will be exhausted about June 30, 1924. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 ($25,000), will be applied to maintenance dredging of the channel across the bar. Commercial statistics.-There was no commerce through the pass during the calendar years 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, or 1922. The only traffic in the vicinity was carried on by small fishing boats which operated in the Laguna Madre and landed at Point Isabel. Financialsummary. UNITED STATES FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $0.03: New work----------------------------------------- $248, 465. 60 Maintenance ------------------ ---------------- ----------- Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 313, 913. 78 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ $0. 46 $283. 82 $142.90 $68. 83 $55.81 Expended for maintenance................. ................. ... ......... .............. Appropriated or allotted......................... .............. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS---GALVESTON TEX., DISTRICT. 1013 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ------- _------ -___ $65, 503. 99 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year for new work__ 55. 81 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------------------------65, 448. 18 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncomplete contracts-----------65, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available --------------------------- 448.18 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 for maintenance- ---- -________------ 125, 000. 00 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work----------- ----------------------------------- Maintenance Total contributions to date of this report_-------------- $124, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work......... ................ ....... ............................ . Expended for maintenance ................ ................. .............. ........ Contributed ................... .. .......... ......... .......................... $124,000.00 Funds contributed by citizens of Rio Grande Valley -________ _ $124, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, Balance unexpended-------------------------- 124, 000.00 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts ________ 114, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available------- --------------- 10, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR BRAZOS ISLAND HARBOR, TEX. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $0.03: New work ----------------------------------------- $248, 465. 60 Maintenance-............ Total appropriations and contributions to date of this report------ 437, 913. 78 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ $0.46 $283.82 $142.90 $68.83 $55. 81 Expended for maintenance.......................................... ................. .. Appropriated or allotted............................. ............ ... ............. 124,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------____________________ $65, 503. 99 Funds contributed by citizens of Rio Grande Valley 1_____-_ 124, 000. 00 189, 503. 99 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work__ 55. 81 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_________ 448. 18 1-____________- 189, July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts---__ - _ 179, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available 0,448. 18 1-------------------------- Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance_ _ --------.--- __ 25, 000. 00 1Exclusive of available funds. 1014 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 33. RED. RIVER FROM FULTON, ARK., TO MOUTH OF WASHITA RIVER, OKLA. Location and description.-The Red River rises in northwest Texas near the New Mexico boundary, flows south of east to Fulton, Ark., thence south to Shreveport, La., and thence southeasterly to the Mis- sissippi River, a distance of about 1,275 miles. From the mouth to Fulton is 482 miles. The portion from Fulton to the mouth of the Washita River, Okla., 292 miles, has been under improvement in this district. Its drainage area is about 48,500 square miles. The low- water discharge at Arthur City (184.5 miles above Fulton) is prob- ably less than 1,300 second-feet. The 1908 flood discharge at Fulton has been computed as over 300,000 second-feet. The fall from the mouth of the Washita to Fulton is 298 feet, or approximately 1 foot per mile. The banks are, in general, soft earth or sand, readily eroded, and for the most part subject to overflow at high stages. The distance between the banks varies from 500 feet to upward of 4,000 feet, the average being about 1,400 feet. The river flows between these banks in a winding, shifting channel 100 to 200 feet wide in the bends at low water. (See Texas post route map.) Original condition.-The river was obstructed by sand bars, drift, and snags brought in by the constant caving of the banks, which were generally covered by trees. Low-water depths varied from a few inches to about 4 feet. It is stated that at high stages light-draft boats have ascended as far as Denison, 763 miles from the mouth* and 11 miles below the mouth of the Washita, but Lanesport, 75 miles above Fulton, was the usual head of navigation, with occasional boats to the mouth of the Kiamichi, a farther distance of 83 miles. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 5, 1886, and modified by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, and there was expended thereunder $348,529.20, of which $328,303.02 was for new work and $20,226.18 for maintenance. The character of the work makes this division approximate only. For scope of previous projects, see page 1866 of the Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the removal of snags, logs, and drift, the clearing of timber on caving banks, a small amount of annual dredging on those bars which offer the greatest obstruction to navigation, and the closure of certain chutes behind islands, to facili- tate navigation by light-draft boats at medium and high stages in the 292 miles between Fulton and the mouth of the Washita River, Okla., all to be accomplished by Government plant. The heights of average and of extreme high water above low water are, respectively, 24.2 feet and 38.2 feet at Fulton;: 17.1 feet and 41.7 feet at Arthur City, 184 miles above Fulton; and 13 feet and 33.5 feet at Denison, 281 miles above Fulton. The latest (1909) approved estimate for annual cost of mainte- nance is $50,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 5, 1886, authorized the removal of snags and drift between Fulton and the mouth of the Kiamichi River, 158 miles (Annual Report for 1885, p. 1617); the act of March 3, RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 10-15 1905, extended the improvement to Denison, Tex., 123 miles farther, without previous examination or survey; the act of July 25, 1912, authorized changes in the project by extending the upper limit of the improvement to the mouth of the Washita, by providing for a small amount of annual dredging and the closure of certain chutes behind islands, and for the addition to the plant formerly available of a small combined dredge and snag boat and a pile driver (H. Doc. No. 71, 61st Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of July 27, 1916, authorized the repair of levees destroyed by overflows in 1915 and 1916. No map has been published. Recommended modifications of project.-Discontinuanceof work, except as necessary to prevent the formation of rafts and the transfer of plant not needed, has been recommended in the report published in House Document No. 947, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The work has facilitated navigation at medium and high stages, but such stages are too indefinite as to duration and time of occurrence to permit of the commercial opera- tion of boats. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done except necessary office work. The amount expended was $8.43, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-At different times the 281 miles of river have been cleared of obstructions between Fulton and Denison, but no work has been done above Denison, nor have any of the chutes been closed. The lower 25 miles of the Kiamichi River have twice been snagged. It is impracticable to state the proportion of the existing project accomplished since the work done is not permanent and requires constant maintenance. There has been no increase in depth, and navigation at low-water stage is not practi- cable for even the lightest draft steamboats. An 8.5 foot stage on the Fulton gauge, a 10-foot stage on the Arthur City gauge, and a 5-foot stage on the Denison gauge, to January 1, 1918, and 8-foot stage thereafter, are considered necessary for such navigation, but the average number of days per year for the period 1907 to 1920, inclusive, when such stages existed, was 226 for Fulton, 96 for Arthur City, and 37 for Denison, in intermittent periods. High- water stages usually occur from February to July. The total expenditure under the existing project was $212,201.67, of which $50,270.80 was for new work and $161,930.87 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-None. The unexpended balance was carried to the surplus fund of the Treasury. Commercial statistics.-There has been no commerce reported on this part of Red River since the year 1915. The commerce reported on Kiamichi River is for the reach of river from Sawyer, Okla., to the mouth, a distance of 24 miles. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats, 2.3 feet. 1016 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Comparative statement. RED RIVER. No commerce. KIAMICHI RIVER, OKLA. Commerce carried on Logs floated. vessels. Year. Passengers. Tons. Value. Tons. Value. 1918...... ............. ................................................. 1919.. .................................. ....... ............ 544 8,160 1920.............. ....................... 93 21125 .. 500........ 1921..................................... 175 7,450.-780 1922 ............... ....... ................ 57 19,169 ...... .. .. 780 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,844.32: New work--__----------- ------- $378, 573. 82 Maintenance -- ___-- -- ___--- __ _ 182, 157. 05 Net total expended __-- __-____ __________560, 730. 87 Total appropriations to date of this report_ _________-_-----560, 730. 87 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work....................................................... Expended for maintenance 1..... $3, 742.92 $1,315.89 $71. 57 $593.93 $8.43 Appropriated or allotted................................................. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ------------------------ _ $435. 09 Deduction on account of amount carried to surplus fund of the Treasury Sept. 1, 1923 __-___---_-------- 426. 66 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance.. 8. 43 34. CYPRESS BAYOU AND WATERWAY BETWEEN JEFFERSON, TEX., AND SHREVEPORT, LA. Location and description.-CypressBayou rises in northeast Texas and flows southeasterly about.119 miles to Caddo Lake, thence 17 miles through this lake to Big Willow Pass, and thence about 23 miles through Big and Little Willow Passes, Soda Lake, Twelvemile Bayou, the new diversion canal, and Cross Bayou to the Red River at Shreveport, La., a total distance of about 159 miles. The project comprises that portion between Jefferson and Shreveport, a length of about 66 miles. Strictly speaking, Cypress Bayou proper ends where it enters Caddo Lake, but the name is frequently applied to the whole waterway above described. The drainage area is about 3,438 square miles. The discharge at extreme low water is estimated at 5 second- feet. No measurements of high-water discharges have been made. Extreme high-water stages below the dam at the foot of Caddo Lake are mainly due to backwater from the Red River. The dam creates RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON, TEX., DISTRICT. 1017 a pool extending 43 miles to Jefferson, Tex. Since the completion of canal from the Head of Eagle Pass to Red River at Shreveport, La., the fall at low water from the foot of Caddo Lake Dam to Red River, a distance of 23 miles, is about 19.3 feet, an average of 0.84 foot per mile. Originalcondition.-Cypress Bayou evidently was an unnavigable stream until the advance of the Red River " raft" near Shreveport converted its bottom lands into lakes and afforded a route navigable for light-draft steamboats from six to nine months in the year from the Red River near Shreveport, La., to Jefferson, Tex. Navigation was difficult and dangerous by reason of bars and leaning timber in the bayou proper, and snags, stumps, fallen timber, and sunken logs in the channel through the lake. The removal of the raft in 1872-73, and the subsequent closure of outlets and the construction of levees down the right bank of the Red River from the hills in Arkansas to near Shreveport, La., cut off the water supply of the lakes, and this, in conjunction with the quicker drainage resulting from the lowering of the bed of the Red River, gradually reduced their depth. In consequence, the period of navigation shortened from year to year until 1897, when boats from the Red River ceased plying altogether. Previous projects.--None. Existing project.--This provides for dredging and straightening the channel, removing obstructions, and clearing the banks in the lower 66 miles of Cypress Bayou from the Red River at Shreveport, La., to Jefferson, Tex., and- for the construction of a dam without a lock at the foot of Caddo Lake. CADDO LAKE DAM. Location: At foot of Caddo Lake, La. and Tex., about 23 miles above mouth of Jefferson-Shreveport Waterway. Below Mooringsport, La.: 2 miles. Length : 3,400 feet. Type: Fixed, on pile foundation. Date of completion: December 21, 1914. Cost : $100,553.47. Below the dam the fluctuations of the water level depend chiefly upon backwater from the Red River, the, maximum being about 10 feet. At the dam the fluctuations are from zero to 8 feet above the crest, and at Jefferson the maximum is 24.2 feet. The estimate of cost for new work is $20,000 for open-channel work (Annual Report, 1872) and $100,000 for the dam (1907). No estimate of annual cost for maintenance accompanied either report, but recent annual reports have given it as $5,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 10, 1872, provided for open-channel work (Annual Report for 1872, p. 572); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the construction of the dam (H. Doc. No. 220, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 236, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Priorto the beginning of work by the United States the citizens of Jefferson had expended over $70,000 (Annual Report for 1880, p. 1280) on the channel in the vicinity of that city. 1018 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The city also loaned to the United States, free of cost, the dredge which it had been operating. From 1917 to 1922 the Caddo Levee Board, under authority of the Secretary of War, excavated a drainage canal from the head of Eagle Pass (1 miles below Caddo Lake Dam) to Cross Bayou, closing the "new mouth" of Twelve Mile Bayou, thus giving outlet to the waters of Cypress Bayou through Big Willow Pass, Soda Lake, Twelve Mile Bayou, Gilmers Ditch, The Pass, and Cross Bayou into Red River at Shreveport, La. Terminal facilities.-There are five private wharves and landings at Mooringsport, ranging in length from 26 feet to 165 feet, and one wharf at Jefferson. These wharves have no physical connection with any railroad, nor have they any freight-handling appliances. They are adequate for the existing commerce and there is ample room for future enlargement. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Because of the obstruction of the dam, the work formerly done below Caddo Lake is of no benefit. The con- struction of the dam and the channel work above have facilitated navigation in the upper section, providing means for the transporta- tion of commodities between the railroad at Mooringsport and Jeffer- son and points on Caddo Lake and James Bayou. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Work consisted of car- ing for Caddo Lake Dam and making repairs by contract. The con- tract work consisted of excavation, driving round and steel sheet piles, placing rip-rap protection below the dam and placing a con- crete cap to raise the crest of dam from the break to north abutment. The amount expended was $23,806.55, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The dam at the foot of Caddo Lake was completed in 1914, completing the project. Its construc- tion and maintenance insures a 4-foot navigable depth at low water from that point to Jefferson, but cuts off all possible navigation to Shreveport, except for such light-draft boats as may pass over the dam at high stages. Below the dam navigation is largely dependent on backwater from the Red River. A stage of 15 to 24 feet on the Shreveport gauge, depending on the run-off from Cypress Bayou drainage area, is necessary to provide a 4-foot depth up to the dam. Such stages are short in dgration and irregular in occurrence. High- water stages usually occur from February to July. During June, 1922, 120 feet of the dam failed by undermining. Local interests constructed a cofferdam to close the opening and dike below the dam to, protect the downstream side. Contract was awarded on October 18, 1922, for the construction of a permanent closure of the break, raise crest at north end by 2 feet, and the placing of riprap protec- tion below the dam at various places. This work was 51 per cent completed at end of fiscal year and will be completed about September 1, 1923. The total expended to June 30, 1923; was $317,464.61 of which $202,817.48 was for new work and $114,647.13 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended amounting to $38,592.14 will be expended in caring for and completing repairs to Caddo Lake Dam. It is impossible to state the rate of expenditure. For salary of dam tender, minor repairs to dam, and incidental expenses $5,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925. , RIVERS AND HARBORS-GALVESTON TEX., DISTRICT. 1019 Commercial statistics.-The commerce is all on that portion of the -waterway between Caddo Lake Dam and Jefferson, Tex., and is due to the activities of oil companies in the vicinity of Mooringsport, La., and lumbering companies near Jefferson, Tex. The commerce con- sists principally of logs, lumber and oil well equipment and supplies. The decreased valuation for 1922, as compared to 1920 and 1921, is due to a reduction of the tonnage and unit values in 1922. Usual limits of draft for loaded boats, 1.2 to 3.5 feet. Comparative statement. Year. Tons. Value. Passengers. Year. Tons. Value. Passengers. 918........... 919........... 14, 717 11, 638 $2,139,205 ............1921......... 2,064,890 9........ 1922........ 11,420 9,294 $1,121,580 ........ 403,337 .......... 920.......'..... 16,546 1,542,050 150 Financial summarry. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $471.21: New work----------------------------------------- $202, 817. 48 Maintenance - --------------------------------------- 114, 647. 13 Net total expended____________----------------------------------317; 464. 61 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 356, 056. 75 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.......... ............... .................................... Expended for maintenance 1 . $949. 25 $1,130.39 $1,161.80 $1,728.43 $23, 806.55 Appropriated or allotted......... 5,000.00 .............. ............ 61,000.00 ............ 1'Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-. - --- ----- -- $62, 398. 69 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance- 23, 806. 55 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended____________________________ 38, 592. 14 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------------------ $2,389. 89 July 1,1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts__ 34, 612. 16 37, 002. 05 July 1, 1923, balance available---------------------------------- 1, 590. 09 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30. 1925, for maintenance ------------------------------------ 5 000. 00 EXAMINATION AND SURVEY MADE IN COMPLTANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED JULY 2 7, 1916, AUGUST 8, 1917, AND MARCH 2, 1919. Reports dated January 6, 1920, and February 10, 1922, on prelim- inary examination and survey of Intracoastal Waterway from Gal- veston Bay to Matagorda Bay, Tex. (includes items in acts: Intra- coastal Waterway from Galveston Bay to Rockport and Corpus Christi, Tew.; Channel from Harbor Island and the Port of Aransas, 1Exclusive of available funds. 1020 REPORT OF CHIEF OF-ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Tex., to Rockport, Tea.; Turtle Cove Channel, Tex.; and Channel from Aransas Pass to Corpus Christi, Tex.), required by the river and harbor acts of July 27, 1916, August 8, 1917, and March 2, 1919, were duly submitted by*the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 395, Sixty-seventh Congress, second session. A plan of improve- ment is presented to the extent of providing 100 feet wide and 9 feet depth at mean low tide for that section between the 9-foot depth in Galveston Bay and the same depth in Matagorda Bay, at an esti- mated cost of $1,425,000 for new work and $150,000 annually for maintenance, this improvement being recommended subject to cer- tain conditions of local cooperation. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of March 4, 1915, July 27, 1916, and September 22, 1922, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Galveston and Sabine section of the Inland Waterway, Tex. 9. Trinity River, Tex., with a view to devising plans for flood pro- tection, etc. 3. Sabine-Neches Canal, with a view to revetment of north bank from what is known as Blands Bend Road, on the north, through the city (Port Arthur) to the southern limits of said city. 4. Cedar Bayou, Tex. 56. Goose Creek, Tex. 6. Rio Grande River, at El Paso, Tex. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT. The streams under improvement in this district are tributaries of the Mississippi River, which flow through northwestern Mississippi, southern Arkansas, and the northern half of the State of Louisiana. District engineer: Maj. R. P. Howell, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. Charles L. Potter, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS. Page. Page. 1. Red River below Fulton, Ark_ 1020 9. Yazoo River, Miss---------- 1043 2. Ouachita and Black Rivers, 10. Tallahatchie and Coldwater Ark. and La________------------- 1024 Rivers; Miss--_________ 1045 3. Operating and care of locks 11. Big Sunflower River, Miss__ 1048 and dams, Ouachita River, 12. Operating and care of lock Ark. and La ___________ 1031 and dam in Big Sunflower 4. Tensas River and Bayou Ma- River, Miss____________ 1052 con, La ___________-- -_ 1032 13. Steele and Washington Bay- 5. Boeuf River, La-__-------- 1034 ous and Lake Washing- 6. Bayou Bartholomew, La. and ton. Miss________________ 1053 Ark ____--_ _____---1037 14. Mouth of the Yazoo River, 7. Saline River, Ark- ..--- _ 1039 Miss-_ - - 1054 8. Bayous D'Arbonne and Cor- ney, La ______ _____ 1041 1. RED RIVER BELOW FULTON, ARK. Location and description.-Red River rises in northwestern Texas and flows in a general easterly direction, forming the boundary be- RIVERS AND HARBORS-VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT. 1021 tween Texas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas. It then flows in a general southeasterly direction through Arkansas and Louisiana and enters Mississippi River at Red River Landing, La. The river is about 1,275 miles long, with drainage area of about 66,000 square miles. It is alluvial, heavily charged with sediment, and carries much drift. The discharge varies from 227,000 second-feet at extreme high water to 2,270 at low water. It has a medium swift current, a fall of nearly 6 inches to the mile, and an average width of 975 feet between top of banks. Original condition.-The channel of the river for 92 miles from Loggy Bayou to Hurricane Bluffs was filled at intervals by a mass of sunken logs and stumps, which was known as the great raft. The head of navigation for all traffic was at the foot of this raft, 257 miles above the mouth. The river everywhere was obstructed by snags and drift, and at Alexandria, La., by a ledge of rock. Above the raft log jams had formed at intervals nearly to the Arkansas- Louisiana line. Passage around the raft through outlets and side channels was practicable only at high water. The low-water channel depth on many shoals was 1 feet and the width 90 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted May 23, 1828. Modifications were made June 10, 1872; June 18, 1878; March 3, 1879; August 2, 1882; July 5, 1884; August 11, 1888; and Septem- ber 19, 1890. The amount expended under original and modified projects before existing project was adopted, July 13, 1892, was $1,553,877.50, for new work. For further details of previous projects, see page 1868 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for continuing improvement of Red River from Fulton, Ark., to the Atchafalaya River, La., 475 miles, by systematic clearing of the banks, snagging, dredging shoals, building levees (either alone or in cooperation with riparian States), closing outlets, revetting caving banks, and preventing in- jurious cut-offs. The lower end of the section included in the project is 6.6 miles above the mouth of the river. No proposed channel di- mensions were given. Floods ordinarily cause fluctuations of stage between high and low water of from 30 to 45 feet. Unusual floods occasionally increase this range about 10 feet. The work being continuous, no estimate for completion was made. The latest approved estimate of cost for maintenance, made in 1913, is $100,000 a year, exclusive of the cost of new plant when required. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892 (Annual Reports for 1890, p. 1829, and for 1891, p. 1957). (For latest published map see H. Doc. No. 848, 65th Cong., 2d sess.) Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions have been imposed by law. A levee was built in 1915-16 to close a crevasse in Lafayette County near Garland, Ark. For this work the Red River levee district No. 1 contributed $22,700 and the United States $6,000. A levee containing about 255,000 cubic yards was built in 1916-17 by the Long Prairie levee district to close a crevasse in its line in Lafayette County, Ark. In cooperation with the levee board the United States built 38,427 cubic yards of this embankment. 1022 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The work done has rendered transporta- tion by water much easier and safer. It has prevented the formation of rafts, caused marked scour in the river bed, and lowered the flood plane in the general case. Operations and results during fiscal year.-A chopping party, quartered on a house boat worked down from Garland, Ark., to Shreveport, La., distance 127 miles, in September, October, and November, 1922, using iaws, axes, and explosives; 4,454 snags and other obstructions were removed. The U. S. snag boat C. W. Howell, during October and November, 1922, worked over the river between Normand Landing, La., and Naples, La., a distance of 70 miles. Total snags and other obstructions removed, 1,926. The U. S. dredge Waterway made a cut 80 feet wide and 3 to 4 feet deep one-half mile below the mouth of Black River in October, 1922, and in No- vember extended the length to 585 feet. Total excavation, 7,220 cubic yards. All work was done by hired labor. Total expenditures during the fiscal year were $22,187.57 for maintenance, of which $8,465.47 was for dredging and $13,722.10 for removing obstruc- tions, etc. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Work under the existing project being continuous and no estimate being made, the date of completion can not be stated. The work in progress is classed as maintenance. During high water the river is navigable for boats within the limits of the project. Between December and June the stage usually reads 8 feet or more, and minimum depths of 7 feet are found below Shreve- port and about 5 feet above that place to Fulton. During the re- mainder of the year stages near zero may be expected with minimum depths of 5 feet below the mouth of Black River, thence to Alex- andria 3 feet, above that place, 2 feet to Fulton. The expenditures to June 30, 1923, under the existing project were $1,478,211.79, of which $409,928.91 was for new work and $1,068,282.88 for main- tenance. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance will be expended for maintenance, using Government plant, as follows: Outstanding liabilities --------------------- -------------- $2, 158. 92 Snagging, below Barbin Landing, 2J months, at $2,500 per month.. 6, 250. 00 Dredging, below mouth of Black River, 2 months, at $3,000 per month_----- -------- ----------------------------------- 6, 000. 00 Repairs, U. S. snag boat 0. W. Howell___________ _____---- 7, 500. 00 Care of and repairs to plant and overhead---------------------- 383. 70 22,292.62 The funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 ($35,000), will be applied to maintenance, using Government plant, as follows: Snagging, below Barbin Landing, 21 months, at $2,500 per month----- $6, 250 Dredging, below mouth of Black River, 2 months, at $3,000 per month, 6, 000 Extraordinary repairs to U. S. dredge Waterway and pontoons-------- 15, 000 New plant, part cost of launch------------------- --------------- 2, 000 Care of and repairs to plant and overhead------------------------ 5, 750 35, 000 RIVERS AND HARBORS---VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT. 1023 Commercial statistics.-The full available depth is required by all commerce using the improved section. Boats usually draw about 5 feet loaded. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendaryear. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918........... 38,154 $3,598,279 98 1921 .... 13,049 $2,327,685 .......... 1919............ 27,705 6,560,829 937 1922 ......... 6,668 905,050.......... 1920 1.......... 7,383 1,758, 688 .. 1 Includes 7,281 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $1,718,288, to points on tributary waterways. 2 Includes 9,449 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $2,250,125. 8Includes 4,085 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $819,550. The freight carried during the calendar year 1922 consisted of building materials, farm products, and general merchandise. Decrease in 1922 due to overflow. Financial summary. A .ount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $23,377.33: New work --------------------------------------- $1,963, 806. 41 Maintenance -------------------------------------- 1, 068, 282. 88 Net total expended----------------------------- 3, 032, 089. 29 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------3, 054, 381. 91 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........... ........................................... Expended for maintenance 1.....851,049. 65 $43, 016. 92 $29, 445. 49 $29, 767. 59 $22,187. 57 Appropriated or allotted......... 51,000. 00 ............. 55, 500.00 15, 000.00 25, 500.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---------------------------$18, 910. 04 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923------------------------------------------ 15,000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922 500. 00 1-------------------------- Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923------------------ 375. 42 44, 785.46 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment ---------------- -305. 27 44, 480. 19 June 30, -1923, amount expended during fiscal year for mainte- 1 - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - ------- -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - nance 22, 187. 57 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ----------------------- -- 22, 292. 62 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities--------------------------- 9, 658. 92 July 1, 1923, balance available------------------------------12, 633. 70 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance----------- -------------------- 35, 000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 61637-ENG 1923----65 1024 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 2. OUACHITA AND BLACK RIVERS, ARK. AND LA. Location and description.-OuichitaRiver rises in Polk County, Ark., and flows in a general southeasterly direction through Arkansas and Louisiana. It is joined by Tensas and Little Rivers at Trinity, La., below which place it is called Black River, and flowing thence south enters Red River 34 miles above its mouth. Ouachita River is about 500 miles long and Black River is 56.8 miles long. The drainage area of these streams is about 18,230 square miles. Their discharge at low water is about 800 and at high water about 70,000 second-feet. They are alluvial streams, with moderate currents, carry little sediment, fall about 2J inches per mile, and their average width is about 500 feet between banks. Original condition.-Navigation at all stages was much impeded by snags, logs, wrecks, and leaning trees, and these obstructions, to- gether with sand and gravel bars, made the streams practically im- passable at low stages. During the period of low water the width of the channel varied from 80 to 500 feet, with minimum usable depth of about 6 inches. When the water was high the streams were navi- gable in fact for all traffic from the mouth of Black River, La.; to Arkadelphia, Ark., a distance of 440 miles. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted March 3,1871. Modifications were made June 10, 1872, August 14, 1876, and July 5, 1884. The amount expended under original and modified projects before existing project was adopted, June 13, 1902, was $605,802.19, for new work. A separate project for work in the Ouachita River between Camden and Arkadelphia was adopted August 11, 1888, and $9,000 was expended on this portion of the river for new work. There was expended on Lock and Dam No. 7, since eliminated from the project, the sum of $59,265.44. (For further details of previous proj- ects see p. 1869 of the Annual Report for 1915.) Existing project.-This proposes to obtain a navigable depth of 61 feet at low water from the mouth of Black River, La., to a point about 10 miles above Camden, Ark., a distance of 360 miles, by the construction of six locks and dams, with necessary dredging, and to remove logs, wrecks, and overhanging trees, etc., between mouth of Black River and Arkadelphia, Ark., 440 miles. The location and description of the locks and dams which are in- cluded in the project are contained in the following table: Distance from Greatest nearest Above Width Depth available on miter No. No. Location. Location. mouthmouth of lock length low sill at t of Black chain for full normal nea res River. ber. width water pool nav iga- of lock. level. ble trib- utary. Miles. Miles. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. 2 Harrisonburg, La ............ ...... 1 8.1 72. 6 55 268 14. 4 6.9 3 Call Landing, La .................. 2. 0 133.6 55 268 14. 8 6.5 4 Monroe, La......... ............. 112.2 179. 0 55 268 8.9 6.5 5 Sterlington Reach La............... 12. 0 208. 3 55 268 6. 9 6. 6 6 Near Felsenthal, Ark.......... 1 16.0 238. 5 55 268 9.7 7. 6 8 Franklin Shoals, Ark................ 10. 1 297. 2 55 268 13. 5 6. 5 1Nearest tributary. 2 Nearest town. RIVERS AND HARBORS-VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT 1025 Per- ind of of Character centage No. Location. .. of foundCharacter foundation. Kind of dam.of Type of construction. or year com- Cost. pletion. 2 Harrisonburg, La..... Piling in clay.. Movable ( Concrete Poiree needle 1921 1 $470, 394. 69 dam; steelmitering lock gates. 3 Call Landing, La...... Piling in sand.. ... do.... .....-do ......... ..... 1920 1 710, 072. 01 4 Monroe, La ............ do.........do.. ..... do................ 1915 1649, 630.23 5 SterlingtonReach,La.. Piling in clay.. ... do.... Concrete Chanoine wicket 80 2 886, 808.00 dam; steel mitering gates. 6 Near Felsenthal, Ark.. Piling in sand.. ... do . ....do.................. 599 2 * 901,942.6( 8 Franklin Shoals, Ark.. Piling in clay .... do do .................. ..... 5 29 2 4 918,252 33 1 Actual. 2 Estimated. a Includes actual cost of original structure to June 30, 1919 ($557,860.77), and the estimated cost of modi- fications to permit elimination of Locks and Dams 7 and 9 ($344,081.83). 4 Includes actual cost of original structure to June 30, 1919 ($591,202.33), and the estimated cost of modi- fications to permit elimination of Locks and Dams 7 and 9 (3327,050). 5 Percentage completion of modifications. Floods ordinarily cause fluctuations of stage of from 25 to 45 feet between high and low water. Extreme floods occasionally increase this range about 10 feet. The latest revised estimate of cost of the system of locks and dams, made in October, 1920, as modified by the actual cost of Nos. 2 and 3, since completed, is $4,537,099.86. The latest estimated cost of maintaining the improvement by removing obstructions to naviga- tion between Camden, Ark., and the mouth of Black River, La., made in 1912, is $25,000 a year. No estimate for maintenance above Camden has been approved. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for the construction of Locks and Dams Nos. 4 and 6; the act of March 2, 1907, provided for Locks and Dams Nos. 2 and 8~ the act of June 25, 1910, provided for obtaining sites for Locks and Dams Nos. 3 and 7; the act of July 25, 1912, for their construction; the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the construction of Lock and Dam No. 5; and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for modifying Locks and Dams Nos. 6 and 8 to raise their pool levels, which with dredging will obviate the necessity for constructing Locks and Dams Nos. 7 and 9. The act of March 3, 1871, provided for open-channel work from Arkadelphia to the mouth, and the act of July 5, 1884, provided for the extension of such work in that portion of the stream known as Black River. The canalization work of the project is based on report contained in House Document No. 448, Fifty-seventh Con- gress, first session (Annual Report for 1902, p. 1435). The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, provided for certain changes in Locks and Dams Nos. 6 and 8 (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 7, 65th Cong., 2d sess.). Lock and Dam No. 1 was eliminated from the plan by the Secretary of War under authority given by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907. The open-channel work of the project is based on reports submitted in House Executive Document No. 60, part 4, Forty-first Congress, third session, and the Annual Report of 1883, page 1155. The latest published map of the section of these rivers incluided in the project is in the Annual Report for 1913, page 2336. 1026 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-A warehouse open to the general public for receiving steamboat freight has been constructed by the city of Mon- roe, La., and an approach slip is proposed to be dredged with an incline for unloading boats. When completed these facilities will be adequate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-The work performed has made navigation practicable during the entire year for boats drawing 61 feet from mouth of Black River to Monroe, La., a distance of 183.3 miles, as well as in two isolated pools above. Navigation has been made easier and safer in the remainder of the streams. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. snag boat C. W. Howell, began operations August 14, 1922, and laid up at Jonesville, La., December 20, 1922. Work was carried on between :Roselawn, La., and mouth of Black River, distance 166 miles, remov- ing 2,365 snags and other obstructions. U. S. quarter boat No. 5 began operations August 14, 1922, and laid up at Camden, Ark., January 29, 1923.' Work was carried on upstream from Missouri Pacific Railway bridge at Felsenthal, Ark., to Camden, Ark., dis- tance 109 miles, removing 22,032 snags and other obstructions. The U. S. dredge Waterway began dredging at Harrisonburg, La., August 25, 1922, and was laid up December 2, 1922, at Jonesville, La. The cut at Harrisonburg bar was 80 feet wide, 4 feet deep, and 1,360 feet long. Cuts also were made above mouth of Black River, at Monterey, Nicolia, and Jonesville, La., and sand removed from lower entrance to Lock No. 2. Total sand and gravel dredged, 73,879 cubic yards. Slack-water improvement, all by hired labor, was as follows: Lock and Dam No. 5: Built and removed 774 feet of box cofferdam; excavated 8,546 cubic yards from foundations for lock (floor), navigation pass, and dam abutment: drove 421 steel piles at heel of dam and along abutment, 419 foundation piles for navigation pass, and abutment, and 124 wooden sheet piles at toe of pass; poured 6,444 cubic yards of concrete, completing the lock, the dam abut- ment, and 90 per cent of the navigation pass; placed 19,945 pounds of metal; made 7,172 cubic yards of'back fill' and laid 2,150 square yards of riprap pavement. Lock and Dam No. 6: Built and removed 360 feet of puddle wall and 200 feet of box cofferdam; drove 59 foundation and 56 cluster piles; excavated 1,282 cubic yards from dam and abutment foundations; poured 1,976 cubic yards of con- crete; installed 180,783 pounds of metal and 38,750 feet board measure of wicket timber in pass and weir, and deposited 800 cubic yards of riprap fill below the dam. Lock and Dam No. 8: Drove 497 interlocking steel sheet piles at heel of dam, around dam abutment and lock forebay, from out to out of return walls; built camp and assembled construction plant. The total expenditures during the year were $356,409.01, of which $26,576.42 was for maintenance and $329,832.59 for new work (lock and dam construction). Condition at end of fiscal year.-Maintenance of the improvement obtained below Camden, Ark., under previous projects is in progress. Locks and Dams Nos. 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 have been finished. Dam No. 4, which failed in 1917, has been rebuilt; the modifications to No. 6 RIVERS AND HARBORS-VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT 1027 are completed, some protection work excepted;' and the modifica- tions to No. 8 are in progress. The head of high-water navigation is; usually Camden, Ark., although boats might occasionally run to Arkadelphia if the channel obstruction would permit. From Janu- ary to June the gauge at Monroe, La., generally reads 10 feet or more, caused from the river above, and minimum depths exceeding 7 feet are usual between the mouth of Black River and Camden, 350.8 miles. At intervals during this period the reading of the Cam- den gauge exceeds 15 feet, and minimum depths of 7 feet may be expected between Camden and Arkadelphia. During the remainder of the year the pools furnished by Dams Nos. 2, 3, and 4, supple- mented by moderate dredging in Black River, provide navigable depths of 64 feet between the mouth of Black River and Loch Lomond Shoals, 21 miles above Monroe, La. At this time minimum depths of 1 foot on shoals are found below Dam No. 6 and in the vicinity of Camden. Pools Nos. 6 and 8 furnish 88 connected miles of 61-foot navigable depth, except over one bar near upper end of Pool No. 6. The completion of the project requires the construction of Lock and Dam No. 5, making the modifications to No. 8, and dredging Loch Lomond Shoals (Pool No. 4), Romeo Shoals (Pool No. 6), and 13 shoals between Newport Landing and Camden. The amount expended under the existing project to June 30, 1923, was $4,584,892.91, of which $4,140,307.49 was for new work and $444,585.42 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance for maintenance will be expended in dredging and snagging between Camden, Ark., and the mouth of Black River, as follows: Outstanding liabilities---- ------------------------------- $1, 517. 27 Dredging in lower Ouachita and Black Rivers, two months, at $3,000 per month --------------------------------- 6, 000. 00 Snagging in all parts of the rivers as far up as Monroe, La., four months, at $2,500 per month ---------------------- -- 10, 000. 00 Chopping party in United States quarter boat, Camden, Ark., to Mon- roe, La., two months, at $1,500 per month--------------------- 3, 000. 00 Repairs to U. S. snag boat C. W. Howell------------------------5, 000. 00 Care of and repairs to plant and overhead--------------------- 4, 647. 37 30, 164. 64 All work will be done by Government plant, and funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance ($45,000) will be used in removing obstructions to navigation between Camden, Ark., and the mouth of Black River, La., by means of Government plant, as follows: Snagging by U. S. snag boat C. W. Howell, four months, at $2,500 per month- ----------------- L - -------- -- $10, 000 Chopping party in United States quarter boat, two months, at $1,500 per month------------------- 3,000 Dredging, U. S. dredge Waterway, three months, at $3,000 per month__ 9, 000 New plant (steel-hull derrick boat) ----------------------------- 15, 000 Part cost of launch------------------------------------------ 2, 000 Care of and repairs to plant and overhead------------------------ 6, 000 45,000 1028 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U . S. ARMY, 1923.o This amount is larger than the average expenditures during the preceding five years, both because of the new plant required and be- cause the completion of the slack-water improvement will open to traffic sections of the Ouachita which have not been properly worked during recent years. The unexpended balance for slack-water improvement ($426,243) will be applied to paying outstanding liabilities of $82,439.13 (which includes $50,537.36 covered by existing contracts) and to the comple- tion of Lock and Dam No. 5, completing riprap fill at No. 6, finishing modifications to Lock and Dam No. 8, and dredging bars in Pools Nos. 4, 6, and 8. All field work will be done with Government plant, except erection and modification of gates, which will be done by contract. The funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. Details of the work proposed are as follows: Lock and dam. Classification of proposed work. No. 5. No. 6. No. 8. Cofferdams .................................. ........... $26,735.00 ...... $23,940.00 Concrete, new ................................... ..... ....... 24,352.00- ........ 45,620.00 Concrete, cutting old and drilling dowel holes. .......... .......................... 8,418.00 Excavation, earth........... .... .............. 6, 000.00 ........ ,.... 4,965.00 Fill, earth.......... ................................ 11,088.00 ....... 1 526.00 1...... Fill, riprap....... ......................... 29, 025.00 $14,095.00 725.00 etal, structural............................... . 51 765. 00 .............. 50,132.00 Paving, riprap........................................... 2,533.00 7,840.00 ................. Piling, foundation................................. ....... 7,620. 00 .............. 8,536.00 Timber, wickets and sills.................................. 6,360.00 .............. 8,031.00 Transportation, truck................................. ........... .............. 18,780.00 Dredging ........ ........... .... .... 5,000. 00 .............. 45,500.00 Other work.............................................. 5,212.01 .............. 16,527. 00 Plant, replacements, repairs and care...................... 14,000. 00 .............. 35,161.05 Gross total ............................................ 194,997.01 14,095.00 270,394.05 Less material on hand entering above work.............. ... 34,78500 10,907.24 7,550. 00 ....................................... Net total 160,212.01 3,187.76 262,844.05 Operations at Locks and Dams Nos. 5 and 8 will be resumed about July 1, 1923, and continued probably to December 15, 1923. The above program completes the project, and no additional funds for new work are required. Commercial statistics.-The full available depth is required by all commerce using the section improved by removal of obstructions. Due to the completed locks and dams, through traffic is now prac- ticable between New Orleans and Monroe, La. There is no commerce above Camden. Boats usually draw about 4 feet loaded. About 13 per cent of the tonnage reported for 1922 was floated in rafts. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918...........122,335$4,225,733 144 19212........ 75,308 $3,103,777 ............. 1919.......... 147,589 5,583,289 .... 338 19228......... 153,931 2,918, 550... 19201.......... 111.149 2,964,902........ SIncludes 23,555 tons cargoes in transit. Includes 4,202 tons cargoes in transit, valued at $484,280. s Includes 4,250 tons cargoes intransit, valued at $243,760. RIVERS AND HARBORS-VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT 1029 The freight carried during the calendar year 1922 consisted of timber, building material, farm products, and general merchandise. The increase in tonnage in 1922 was mostly timber. Financialsummary. OPEN-CHANNEL WORK. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2,035.13: New work----------------------------------------- $632, 302. 19 Maintenance 44, 585. 42 4-------------------------- Net total expended--------------------------------1, 076, 887. 61 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------1,107, 052. 25 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work...................... ........ ........ .. .............................. Expended for maintenance 1...... $18,360.08 $27,231.59 $12, 180.19 $20,396.03 $26, 576.42 Appropriated or allotted......... 37,000,00 ............. 33,000.00 25,000.00 30,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ------------------------- $26, 703. 81 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923 ------------------------------------------- 25, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922--- ----------- ----------------------- 5, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923----------------- 37. 25 56, 741. 06 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance. 126, 576. 42 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--------------------------- 30, 164. 64 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities--------------------------- 6, 517. 27 July 1, 1923, balance available------------------------------ 23, 647. 37 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June -------------------------------- 30, 1925, for maintenance__ 45, 000. 00 LOCKS AND DAMS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $46,056.69: New work --------------------------------------- $4, 182, 072. 93 Maintenance ----- -------- ------------------------------ Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------4, 608, 316. 75 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........231, 999. 73 $338, 359. 15 $203, 459.05 $108, 760.02 $329, 832.59 Expended for maintenance....... ...-.. .. .......................... --................. Appropriated or allotted......... 400, 000. 00 .............. 136, 000. 00 365, 000.00 425, 000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1030 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-- __._ $327, 686. 57 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923--------------------------------- 375, 000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 30, 1922--____________-----_ ___ 50, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923__-.._....__. 3, 389.84 756, 076. 41 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work ----------------------------------------------- 32, 832.59 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--------------------------- 426, 243.82 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities--.--.-----------$31, 901. 77 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts--- ------------------------------- 50, 537. 36 82, 439. 13 July 1, 1923, balance available-----------------------------343, 804. 69 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMMARY FOR OUACHITA AND BLACK RIVERS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $48,091.82: New work---------- ------- -------------------- $4, 814, 375. 12 Maintenance -------------------------- 444, 585. 42 Net total expended-- ---------------------------- 5, 258, 960. 54 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------5, 715, 369. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ 99973 $231, $338, 359.15 8203, 459. 05 108, 760.02 $329, 832.569 360.08 Expended for maintenance 1..... 18, 27,231.59 12,180.19 20, 396. 03 26,576. 42 Total expended 1..........250, 359. 81 365, 590. 74 215, 639.24 129,156. 05 356,409. 01 Appropriated or allotted......... 437, 000.00 .............. 169, 000.00 390, 000.00 455,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended______-- __---- $354, 390.38 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923--------_------- ----------------- 400, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 30, 1922_ 55, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923_ 3, 427. 09 812, 817. 47 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year :1 For new work-----.----------------- $329, 832.59 For maintenance_- 26, 576. 42 356, 409. 01 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_ 456, 408. 46 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ----- ___ $38, 419.04 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts------------------------------------ 50, 537. 36 S.~i E Q22 July 1, 1923. balance available____------8----______ 367, 452.06 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance __-.__--.. - - _____ '45, 000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. * Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT. 1031 3. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS, OUACHITA RIVER, ARK. AND LA. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for improving Ouachita and Black Rivers, Ark. and La. (See pp. 1024 to 1030, where general information may be found.) The completed locks and dams have been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation for the following periods: No. 2, from November 1, 1918, to June 30, 1923; No. 3, from January 1, 1919, to June 30, 1923; No. 4, from January 1, 1915, to June 30, 1923; No. 6, from January 25, 1913, to June 30, 1919, and from January 1, 1923, to June 30, 1923; No. 8, from Oc- tober 1, 1912, to June 30, 1923. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Locks and Dams Nos. 2, 3, and 8, and Nos. 4 and 6 from January 1 to June 30, 1923, have been operated as required and plant, structures, and grounds main- tained in good condition. Improvement and reconstruction at Lock and Dam No. 4 embraced repuddling 420 feet of old, and building 150 feet of new cofferdam, and removing both; excavating 1,437 cubic yards from foundations; pouring 2,117 cubic yards of concrete; placing 93,749 pounds of metal and 16,929 feet, board measure, of wicket timber in the weir and laying 320 square yards of riprap pavement. All work was done by hired labor. The expenditures for the fiscal year were $67,205.45, of which $22,541.31 was for operating and care, proper, and $44,664.14 for reconstruction of Dam No. 4. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Dams Nos. 2, 3, and 4 furnish con- tinuous pools, which, supplemented by moderate dredging, provide a navigable depth of 6J feet from the mouth of Black River to Ster- lington, La., a distance of 208 miles. Dams Nos. 6 and 8 furnish con- necting pools, aggregating 88 miles, with least depth of 61 feet ex- cept at Romeo Shoals, 14 miles below Dam No. 8 (to be dredged). The 30-mile gap between the two stretches of slack-water improve- ment will be closed by the construction of Dam No. 5. The total amount expended to June 30, 1923, was $922,765.46, of which $361,- 271.14 was for operating and care proper, and $561,494.32 for the reconstruction of Dam No. 4. Proposed operations.-Locks and Dams Nos. 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appropriation provided by section 6 of the river and har- bor act of March 3, 1909. Lock and Dam No. 5 will probably be operated and maintained from January 1, 1924, to June 30, 1924. Commercial statistics.-The usual draft of boats and barges han- dling all traffic through the improved sections vary from 3 to 5 feet, The slack-water commerce for the calendar year 1922 consisted mainly of logs, grain, provisions, and farm products; floated logs represented 60 per cent of the total commerce on the improved sec- tions. No passengers reported. 1032 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Comparative statement of commerce passing Locks 2, 8, and 4, and reported for Pool No. 8, Ouachita River, La. and Ark. Lock No. 2. Lock No. 3. Lock No. 4. Pool No. 8. Calendar year. Short Short Value. Short Short Value. Short ns Value.. Short Value. tons. tons. tons. tons. 1918................. .. ....... ..... ................... ........ 44,520 $222,600 1919 ......................... .......... 2,582 $41,310 .................... 60 40 409,950 1920 .................. ....... ............. 2,312 36, 968 ................. 61, 270 491,160 1921 .............................. 471 31 758 .. 12 500 100,00 1922 ....... ........... 30 $3, 200 1, 755 35, 750 1, 052 $6, 020 115 756 1, 360, 250 NoTE.-On account of unfinished locks and dams above Lock No. 2, no through freight passed through this lock during the years 1918, 1919, 1920, and 1921. No traffic during the year 1918 was reported for Lock No. 3 on account of the lock being under construction. The dam at Lock No. 4 was under reconstruction during the years 1918, 1919, 1920, and 1921, and no commerce was reported for these years. The commerce on Pool No. 8 is entirely local, none passing through the lock. The increase in tonnage for 1922 is due to the renewed activities of sawmills in the vicinity. 4. TENSAS RIVER AND BAYOU MACON, LA. Location and description.-Tensas River has its source in Lake Providence, East Carroll Parish, La., flows about 235 miles in a gen- eral southerly direction, and joins Ouachita and Little Rivers at Trinity, La., in forming Black River. Bayou MaCon rises in Desha County, Ark., flows about 270 miles in a general southerly direction, and enters Tensas River 42.7 miles above its mouth. The drainage area of these streams is about 1,750 square miles. Their combined discharge is at low water about 200 and at high water about 3,000 second-feet. They are alluvial, with slow currents, carry little sedi- ment, fall about 4 inches per mile, and have an average width of about 210 feet between banks. Original condition.-Both streams were navigable at high stages, but passage was difficult and dangerous on account of snags and lean- ing timber. Westwood Place, 81 miles above the mouth, was the head of navigation for all traffic on Tensas River, and Floyd, 112 miles above the mouth, on Bayou. Macon. The channel varied in width from 75 to 500 feet, with minimum usable low-water depth of 1 foot. Previous projects.-The original project for the improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1881. Under this project the amount expended prior to adoption of existing proj- ect July 5, 1884, was $3,000 for new work. (For further details of previous projects see p. 1871 of Annual Report for 1915.) Existing project.-This provides for the removal of snags, sunken logs, and overhanging timber on Tensas River from Dallas, La., to the mouth, 138 miles, and on Bayou Macon from Floyd, La., to the mouth, 112 miles, and for dredging the bars between Chamberlain and Kirk Ferry, in the Tensas River, to a depth of 4 feet and width of 60 feet. At medium and high stages the channel under improvement in these streams has an average width of about 150 feet with minimum depth of about 8 feet. Floods ordinarily cause fluctuations of stage of about 45 feet between high and low water. Extreme floods oc- casionally increase the range about 10 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS--VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT. 1033 The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1922, is $48,395, ex- clusive of amount expended on previous project. The latest ap- proved estimated cost of maintenance, made in 1912, is $5,000 a year. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of July 5, 1884, provided for removal of snags, etc. (H. Ex. Doc. No. 38, 46th Cong., 3d sess.), and the act of September 22, 1922, provided for dredging the channel in Tensas River (H. Doc. No. 95, 67th Cong., 1st sess.). A map of both streams is published in the Annual Report for 1913, page 2336. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, required that local interests contribute $4,200 to be used for dredging bars between Chamberlain and Kirk Ferry. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The work done has made transportation by water easier and safer. The boating season has been prolonged by enabling water craft to operate at lower stages, and barging has been made practicable except at low water. Operations and results during fiscal year.-U. S. quarter boat No. 10 began work at Clayton, La., August 16, 1922. Operations were carried on upstream 20 miles up Bayou Macon to Oakley Landing, La., and 4 miles above Westwood, La., on Tensas River, and back 85.3 miles to the mouth, by November 30, 1922. Total snags, etc., removed, 8,619. The amount expended was $5,715.19 for main- tenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1898 as far upstream as Westwood Place, on Tensas River, 81 miles above the mouth, and in the section of Bayou Macon in- cluded in the project. Westwood Place, on Tensas River, and Floyd, on Bayou Macon, are the heads of navigation for boat traffic. In ordinary seasons a depth of 6 feet or more may usually be expected from January to June between the mouth of Tensas River and the places named. During the remainder of the year the depth is usually reduced to about 1 foot. No representative gauge readings are available. The amount expended under the existing project was $91,500, of which $32,862.44 was for new work and $58,637.56 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance ($5,000) will be expended in removing obstructions between the mouth of Tensas River and Westwood Place, and about 40 miles upstream, in Bayou Macon. The work will be done at a cost of about $1,500 per month. Operations will be completed in about three months and the remain- ing balance will be expended in care of plant, etc. Of the amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 ($9,200), $4,200 will be applied to new work and $5,000 to maintenance of the improvement. Maintenance will consist in removing obstructions between the mouth of Tensas River and Westwood Place, and about 40 miles upstream, in Bayou Macon. The work will be done in about three months. The $4,200 for new work, with a like amount to be contributed by local interests, will be expended in dredging bars in the vicinity of Clayton, La. This will require about two months' work of a dredge boat. 1034 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Commercial statistics.-The full available depth is required by all commerce using the improved section. Boats usually draw about 3 feet loaded. About 55 per cent of the tonnage reported in 1922, was floated in rafts. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 20, 745 1918................ $301,926 ............1921.......... 6, 769 $128,656 ............. 1919.......... 73, 183 1, 716523 417 1922......... 70,694 1, 161,335 ....... 1920.......... 102,722 960,560 ........ The freight carried during the calendar year 1922 consisted of logs, farm products, and general merchandise. Increase in 1922 due to renewed activity of sawmills. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $30.25: New work-_ ---------------------------------------------- $35, 862.44 Maintenance----------------------- -- ------ 58, 637. 56 Net total expended-_-------------------------------------94, 500. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------------- 99, 500. 00~ Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work ......... ............. ... Expended for maintenance 1.... ...... 5,000.00 .............. $3,287.31 $5,715.1 Appropriated or allotted......... $5,000.00 ............. $4,000.00 5,000.00 5,000. 0 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended -------------------------- $5, 715. 19 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved -------------------- 5,000. 00 Mar.2, 1923----------------------.........--. 10, 715. 19 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 5, 715.19 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--------------------------------5, 000. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---------------------------------------------- 4, 200.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work---------------------------------------------___ 4, 200. 00 For maintenance ------------------------------------------ 5, 000. 00 Total --------------------------------------------------- 9, 200. 00 5. BOEUF RIVER, LA. Location and description.-Thisriver rises in Chicot County, Ark., flows about 300 miles in a general southwesterly direction, and enters Ouachita River near Stafford, La., 81 miles above mouth of Black xExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT. 1035 River. It has a drainage area of about 2,400 square miles. The dis- charge at low water is about 100 and at high water about 5,000 second-feet. It is alluvial, with sluggish current, carries little sedi- ment, has an average fall of about 3 inches per mile, and an average width of about 225 feet between banks. Originalcondition.-The fiver was navigable at high stages for all traffic to Point Jefferson, La., 150.8 miles, but passage was difficult and dangerous on account of snags, logs, and leaning timber. The channel was from 20 to 500 feet wide, with minimum usuable low- water depth of 1i feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the removal of snags, logs, and overhanging trees between Wallace Landing and the mouth, a distance of 166 miles. The project was afterwards modified to in- clude the closure of three outlets near Point Jefferson. At medium and high stages the channel has an average width of about 200 feet with minimum depth of about 8 feet. Floods ordi- narily cause fluctuations of stage of about 30 feet between high and low water. Extreme floods occasionally increase this range about 10 feet. The latest approved estimates of cost of new work are $20,020 for removing snags, etc., made in 1880, and $7,290.03 for closing the outlets, made in 1884. The latest approved estimated cost of mainte- nance, made in 1912, is $5,000 per year. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1881, provided for the removal of snags, etc. (H. Ex. Doec. No. 38, 46th Cong., 3d sess.), and the acts of August 5, 1886, and August 11, 1888, provided for closing the outlets (H. Ex. Doec. No. 99, 48th Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1913, p. 2336. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The work done has made transportation by water easier and safer. Operations and results during fiscal year.--United States quarter boat No. 10 began work December 1, 1922, at the mouth and laid up February 5, 1923, at Thomason Ferry, La., 76 miles above the mouth. Total snags, etc., removed 4,527. The amount expended was $3,065.10 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1896 as far upstream as Point Jefferson, 150.8 miles above the mouth, which is now the head of navigation. The outlets were closed in 1887-88, but the dams were washed away in 1890L The outlets deplete the channel and make navigation more difficult. In ordinary seasons a depth of 6 feet or more may usually be expected between January and June from the mouth to Point Jefferson. Dur- ing the remainder of the year the depth is usually reduced to about IJ feet. No gauge readings are available. The total amount ex- pended to June 30, 1923, was $107,234.32, of which $30,000 was for new work and $77,234.32 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance ($6,934.90) will be applied to paying outstanding liabilities ($62.54) and removing obstructions to navigation between the mouth and Buckner, La. The 1036 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, UT. S. ARMY, 1923. work will be done at a cost of about $1,500 per month. The avail- able balance will permit about three months' work, and, with care of plant, the funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 ($5,000), will be applied to maintenance by removing obstructions between the mofth and Buckner, La. About three months' work will be required. The amount is larger than the average expenditures during the preceding five years, because funds for needed work have not been provided. New obstructions are con- tinually forming, which must be removed if safe navigation is to be maintained. Commercial statistics.-The full available depth is required by all commerce using the improved section. Boats usually draw about 3 feet loaded. All tonnage in 1922 was carried in boats. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918........... 2,818 $279,860 ........... 1921.......... 1,495 $302,835 ........... 1919............ 3,395 509,353........... 1922.......... 1,527 122,150 ......... 1920.......... 2,633 331, 567 .. The freight carried during the calendar year 1922 consisted of timber, farm products, and general merchandise. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $418.75: New work--------- ----------------------------- $30, 000. 00 Maintenance _______---------- - - - - - - -77, 234. 32 Net total expended--------------------------------- 107, 234. 32 Tetal appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 114, 169. 22 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.................... ....................... . - Expended for maintenance 1..... $3,753.59 $395.91 3, 909.09 $102.41 $3,065.10 Appropriatedor allotted........ 6,000. 00 ............ 5,000.00 5,00000 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended----------------------__ __ $5, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923-------------------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 10, 000. 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 3, 065. 10 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended 934. 90 -6, 6--------------------- July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities---------------------------- 62. 54 July 1, 1923, balance available---------------------- 6, 872. 36 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance ---- ------------------- 5, 00000.00 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT 1037 6. BAYOU BARTHOLOMEW, LA. AND ARK. Location.and description.-This bayou rises in Jefferson County, Ark., flows about 300 miles in a general southerly direction, and enters the Ouachita River near Ouachita, La., 210.3 miles above the 'mouth of Black River. It has a drainage area of about 1,830 square miles. The discharge at low water is about 100 and at high water above 3,000 second-feet. The stream is alluvial, with moderate cur- rent, carries little sediment, falls about 5 inches per mile, and has an average width of about 225 feet between banks. Original condition.-The bayou was navigable for light-draft boats to Baxter, Ark., 182 miles, for about three months of the year, but passage was difficult and dangerous on account of snags and leaning timber. The channel was from 100 to 200 feet wide with minimum usable low-water depth of 1 foot. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for removing wrecks, snags, etc., from the channel of the bayou and leaning trees along the banks between Baxter, Ark., and the mouth, about 182 miles. At medium and high stages the channel has an average width of about 225 feet with minimum depth of about 8 feet. Floods ordinarily cause fluctations of stage of about 32 feet between high and low water. Extreme floods occasionally increase this range about 10 feet. The latest approved estimate of cost for new work to be finished in two seasons, made in 1880, is $26,862. The latest approved esti- mate for maintenance, made in 1921, is $2,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881 (H. Ex. Doc. No. 38, 46th Cong., 3d sess.). A map of the stream is published in the Annual Report for 1913, page 2336. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The work done has greatly facilitated navigation. Operations and results during fiscal year.-U. S. quarter boat No. 3 worked from the mouth up to Wardville, La., distance 44 miles, and back during latter part of December, 1922, and in January, 1923. Total snags, etc., removed, 23,424. The amount expended was $2,129.44 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1897 as far upstream as McComb Landing, 140.9 miles above the mouth, which is now the head of navigation for boat traffic. In ordinary seasons a depth of 6 feet or more may usually be ex- pected from January to June between the mouth of the bayou and this landing. During the remainder of the year the depth is usually reduced to about 1 foot. No gauge readings are available. The amount expended under the existing project to June 30, 1923, was $85,860.22, of which $45,873.53 was for new work and $39,986.69 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-Theunexpended balance ($2,870.56) will be applied to paying outstanding liabilities ($10.57) and removing obstructions to navigation between the mouth and Wardville, La. The work will be done at a cost of about $1,500 per month. The 1038 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. funds will be exhausted in about five weeks after operations com- mence. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 ($2,500), will be applied to removing obstruc- tions between the mouth of the bayou and Wardville, La. The work will be done at a cost of about $1,500 per month. The estimate is larger than the average expenditures during the preceding five years, as funds for needed work have not been provided. New ob- structions are continually forming which must be removed if safe navigation is to be maintained. Commercial statistics.-The full available depth is required by all commerce using the improved section. Boats usually draw about 3 feet loaded. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918........ ........... 9,014 $60,070 1921 ................ .. 1,805 $122,715 1919 ... ............. 732 14,640 19221............. 1920..................... 1,575 28,350 1 None reported. The freight carried in 1921 consisted of timber, farm products, and general merchandise. The freight carried during the calendar year 1920 consisted en- tirely of logs. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work------ -------------------- $45, 873. 53 Maintenance__ ___ _ Mainenane--------------------------------------- 39, 986.69 39,96.6 Net total expended______________________________--__ 85, 860. 22 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------------88, 730. 78 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........................ ....... ....... ..... Expended for maintenance................ $1,500.00 $1,354.12 5145.88 52,129.44 . . .......... Appropriated or allotted......... ........ ......... .............. 2,500.00 2,500.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------ _ $2, 500. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923-------------------------------------------------2, 500. 00 5, 000.00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 2, 129. 44 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--------------------- 2,870. 56 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-----------------------------__ 7. 50 July 1, 1923, balance available------------------------- 2, 863. 06 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance ----------------------------- 2,500. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. 0 RIVERS AND HARBORS-VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT. 1039 7. SALINE RIVER, ARK. Location and description.-This river rises in Saline County, Ark., flows about 300 miles in a general southerly direction, and enters Ouachita River 254.7 miles above mouth of Black River. The bed of the stream is principally composed of gravel; it has stable banks and bears little drift or sediment. It has a drainage area of about 3,350 square miles. The discharge at low water is about 150 and at high water about 18,000 second-feet. The strealfi is nontidal, with fairly swift current, fall in the lower section of about 9 inches per mile, and an average width between banks of 130 feet. Originalcondition.-The river was much obstructed by snags, drift piles, and overhanging trees. Godfrey Landing, 10 miles above the mouth, was the head of low-water navigation for all traffic, but at high stages flatboats could ascend as far as Hurricane Creek, 138 miles above the mouth. The channel was from 85 to 120 feet wide, with minimum usable low-water depth of 5 inches. Previous projects.-The original project for this improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act approved June 14, 1880. The amount expended under this project prior to adoption of existing project, June 25, 1910, was $21,500 for new work. For further de- tails of previous project see page 1870 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the removal of snags, sunken logs, etc., from the channel and leaning trees along the banks between the mouth and Turtle Bar, a distance of about 135 miles. At high and medium stages the channel has an average width of about 130 feet and a least depth of about 4 feet. Floods ordinarily cause fluctuations of stage between high and low water of about 28 feet. Unusual floods occasionally increase this range about 8 feet. The latest approved estimates of cost, made in 1908, are $5,400 for new work, exclusive of amount expended on previous project, and $3,000 biennially thereafter for maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 1212, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). A map of the stream is published in the Annual Report for 1913, page 2336. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The work done has greatly facilitated the transportation of timber products. There is little general commerce. Operations and results during fiscal year.-U. S. quarter boat No. 5 worked up from the mouth 11 miles.during September, 1922. Total snags, etc., removed, 4,218. The amount expended was $2,139.44 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1911. Turtle Bar is the head of high-water navigation for boat traffic. In ordinary seasons a depth of 6 feet or more may be expected from January to June within the limits of the project. During the remainder of the year the depth is usually reduced to about 6 inches. No gauge readings are available. The amount ex- pended under the existing project to June 30, 1923, was $16,831.11, of which $5,400 was for new work and $11,431.11 for maintenance. 61637--ENG 1923-8 1040 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance ($1,360.56) will be applied to paying outstanding liabilities ($148.74) and remov- ing obstructions to navigation from the mouth upstream 15 miles. The work will be done at a cost of about $1,500. The funds will be exhausted in about one month after work begins. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 ($1,500), will be applied to maintenance by removing obstructions within the lower 15 miles of the river. The work will be done in about one month. The estimate is larger than the average expenditures during the preceding five years as funds for needed work have not been provided. New obstructions are con- tinually forming, which must be removed if safe navigation is to be maintained. Commercial statistics. The full available depth is required by all commerce using the improved section. Boats usually draw about 5 feet loaded. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 19181 ........... ........... .... ....... .. 1921 ........... ,080 $40,640 1919 ...................... 4,285 $31 110 19221.... 1920 ....................... 7606 67 598 1 None reported. The freight carried in 1921 consisted entirely of logs. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work----------$-------------------------------- $26, 900. 00 Maintenance ----------------------------- 11, 431. 11 Net total expended3----------------------------------8, 331. 11 Total appropriations to date of this report.------------------ 39, 691. 67 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work..... ....... ... ............. ............................. Expended for maintenance...... .......... ........ ... ... $1,515.13 $1, 184.87 $2,139.44 Appropriated or allotted......... $1,500.00.......................... 2,000.00 1,500.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended- ----------------------- $2, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923------------ ---- ------- ----------------- 1, 500. 00 3, 500, 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance__ 2, 139. 44 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------- --------------- ----- 1, 360.56 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities---------------- ------ - 148. 74 July 1, 1923, balance available ------------------------------- 1, 211. 82 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance- ------------ -------- 1, 500. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT. 1041 8. BAYOUS D'ARBONNE AND CORNEY, LA. Location and description.-Bayou D'Arbonne is formed by the junction of three tributaries near Farmerville, La. These streams rise in Claiborne'Parish, La. Bayou Corney flows about 76 miles in a general southeasterly direction; the middle fork flows about 55 miles in a southeasterly direction; and Little D'Arbonne flows about 56 miles in a general easterly direction. Below the junction Bayou D'Arbonne flows 37.7 miles in a southeasterly direction and enters Ouachita River 189.1 miles above the mouth of Black River. The combined drainage area of the streams is about 1,400 square miles. The discharge of Bayou D'Arbonne below the junction is at low water about 75 and at high water about 2,200 second-feet. The bayous are alluvial, with medium swift current, carry little sedi- ment, have an average fall of about 6 inches per mile, and average width between banks of about 260 feet. Original condition.-Bayou D'Arbonne was navigable at very high water and Bayou Corney at flood stages, but passage was difficult and dangerous on account of snags and leaning timber. Cobb Landing, on Bayou Corney, 57 miles above mouth of D'Ar- bonne, was the head of navigation for all traffic. The channel varied from 50 to 150 feet in width, with a minimum usable low- water depth of 1 foot. Little D'Arbonne was not navigable on ac- count of heavy timber. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the improvement of Bayous D'Arbonne and Corney between the mouth of the former and Cobb Landing on the latter, a distance of 57 miles, by removing snags, logs, stumps, and leaning trees obstructing navigation. At medium and high stages the channel under improvement in these streams has an average width of about 125 feet, with minimum depth of about 8 feet. Floods ordinarily cause fluctuations of stage of about 20 feet between high and low water. Extreme floods occa- sionally increase this range about 10 feet. The latest approved estimate of cost for new work in Bayou D'Arbonne, and about 3 miles up Bayou Corney, made in 1883, is $15.000; and for new work in Bayou Corney alone, made in 1887, $8,000. The latest approved estimate of cost of maintenance in both streams, made in 1912, is $2,000 a year. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 5, 1884, provided for work in both streams as far up as Stein Bluff (S. Ex. Doc. No. 69, 48th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of July 13, 1892, provided for extending work up to Cobb Landing (same document and p. 1489, Annual Report for 1887). A map of both streams is published in the Annual Report for 1913, page 2336. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of Improvement.-The work done has made transportation by water easier and safer. The boating season has been prolonged by enabling water craft to operate at lower stages. Operations and results during fiscal year.--U. S. quarter boat No. 3 began work October 28, 1922, at the mouth. Operations were 1042 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. carried up to Moseleys Bluffs, La., distance 29 miles, and back to the mouth by December 8, 1922. Total snags, etc., removed 2,874. The amount expended was $2,321.30 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- -water pleted in 1896. Cobb Landing on Bayou Corney is the head of high- navigation for boat traffic. In ordinary seasons a depth of 7 feet or more may be expected from January to June within the limits of the project. During the remainder of the year the depth is usually reduced to about 1 foot. No gauge readings are available. The amount expended under the existing project to June 30, 1923, was $49,612, of which $19,000 was for new work and $30,612 for main- tenance. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance ($1,988) will be :applied, to paying outstanding liabilities ($5.47) and removing ob- "La. :structions between the mouth of Bayou D'Arbonne and Farmerville, The work will be done at a cost of about $1,500 per month. iWork will be completed and funds exhausted in about five weeks after beginning operations. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 ($2,000), will be applied to maintenance, in removing obstructions between Farmerville, La., and the mouth of Bayou D'Arbonne. The work will be done in about five weeks. Commercial statistics.-The full available depth is required by all commerce using the improved section. Boats. usually draw about 3 feet loaded. About 19 per cent of the tonnage for 1922 was floated in rafts. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons: Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918...................... . 5,177 $488,700 1921 ...... ...... ...... 1,660 $53,870 1919 ....................... 18,748 7x5,061 1922 .................. .. 1,653 76,x55 1920........... ........ .... 11,614 288,524 Three hundred passengers carried in 1921. The freight carried during the calendar year 1922 consisted of timber products, farm products, and general merchandise. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ----- -------------------- $19, 000. 00 Maintenance ---- - ----------------------- 30, 612. 00 Net total expended------ ------ 49, 612. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 51, 600. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work................................ Expended for maintenance...... , 560. 51 $3, 439.49 ........... . 1,690.70 $2,321.30 Appropriated or allotted......... 4, 500.00 ............. 2,000.00 2, 000. 00 2, 000.400 RIVERS AND HARBORS-VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT. 1043 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended----__ ------------------- $2, 309. 30 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923--- -------------------------------- 2, 000. 00 4, 309. 30 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 2, 321.30 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-------------------------- ------- 1, 988.00 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------------ ------------ 5. 47 July 1, 1923, balance available----------------------------------- 1,982. 538 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance----------------------- ------ 2, 000. 00) 9. YAZOO RIVER, MISS. Location and description.-Thisriver is formed by the junction of Tallahatchie and Yalobusha Rivers, in Leflore County, Miss., flows- about 178 miles in a general southerly and southwesterly direction,, and enters the Mississippi River at Vicksburg, Miss. Its drainagw area is about 10,940 square miles. The discharge is at low water about 2,350 and at high water about 35,000 second-feet. The stream is alluvial, with sluggish current, carries much fine sediment, falls about 3 inches per mile, and has an average width of about 500 feet between banks. Original condition.-The river was navigable for all traffic throughout its entire length (from the mouth to Greenwood, Miss., about 178 miles) at high stages, but passage was difficult and dan- gerous on account of snags, stumps, and leaning timber, and wrecks of boats sunk to obstruct navigation during the Civil War. The channel varied in width from 120 to 800 feet, with minimum usable low-water depth of 2 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1873, and the total expenditures under it prior to adoption of existing project, March 3, 1875, were $39,- 023.06 for new work. For further details of previous project see page 1871 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the removal of snags, wrecks, sunken logs, overhanging trees, and other obstructions throughout the entire length of the river, a distance of 178 miles. The channel under improvement has an average width of about 500; feet and a minimum depth of 4 feet at all stages during the entire year. Floods ordinarily cause fluctuations of stage of about 35 feet between high and low water. Extreme floods occasionally increase this range about 5 feet. The latest approved estimate of cost for new work to be finished in four years, made in 1874, is $120,000, exclusive of amount ex- pended under previous project. The latest approved estimated cost of maintenance, made in 1914, is $16,000 a year. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1875 (p. 364 of Annual Report for 1874). -A map of the stream is published in the Annual Report for 1913, page 2336. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1044 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-An incline, with tramcars, owned by a local transfer company, is in operation for transferring freight to and from boats at Greenwood, Miss. This incline is open to general pub- lic use and is believed to be adequate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-The work done has made transportation by water easier and safer. The navigation season has been prolonged by enabling boats to run at lower stages, and barging has been made practicable except at low water. Operations and results during fiscal year.-U. S. snag boat Jos. E. Ransdell began operations August 18, 1922, and laid up at Vicks- burg, Miss., December 21, 1922. The river was worked over up to McCormick bar, 168 miles above the mouth. Total snags, etc., re- moved, '1,851, and 1,175 cubic yards sand and gravel dredged at Mc- cormick bar. The amount expended was $20,504.13 for mainte- nance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1888. The river is navigable throughout its length. In ordinary seasons the gauge at Yazoo City usually reads 6 feet or more between January and June, and depths exceeding 10 feet may be expected from the mouth to the head of the river. During the remainder of the year this gauge frequently registers zero and depths of 4 feet or more are generally found. The total amount expended under the existing project to June 30, 1923, was $525,- 576.99, of which $320,637.64 was for new work and $204,939.35 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance ($16,593.18) will be applied to paying outstanding liabilities ($2,155.09) and remov- ing obstructions and dredging between the mouth of the river and Greenwood, Miss. The work will be done by a snag and dredge boat, at a cost of $2,500 per month. With care and repairs of plant the funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 ($28,000), will be applied to maintenance, using Government plant, as follows: Dredging and removal of obstructions between mouth of river and . Greenwood, Miss., five months, at $2,500 per month.---------------. $12, 500 Docking and repairs to snag boat Jos. E. Ransdell ___U------10, 000 Part cost of launch ------------------------------------------ 2, 000 Care of and repairs to plant and overhead -------- -__- -______3, 500 28, 000 This amount is larger than the average expenditures during the preceding five years, both because of the new plant and extraordinary repairs required and because of insufficiency of funds during recent years. Obstructions are continually forming and their removal is essential to preserve safe navigation. Commercial statistics.-The full available depth is required by all commerce usirrg the improved section. Boats usually draw about 4 feet loaded. About 17 per cent of the tonnage reported was floated in rafts. RIVERS AND HARBORS-VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT. 1045 Comparative statement. Calendar Short Value. Passengers. Short Value. Passengers. year. tons.year tons. 1918.......... 118, 873 $5,076,613 .............. 19212.......... 118,452 $5,660,081.. 1919.......... 16,175 7811 663 ............ 1922 ... 218,819 7,086,935 .......... 1920......... 17 839 I 204 22 21 Includescargoes in transit, 96,649 tons, valued at $4,070,948. Includes cargoes in transit, 39,182 tons, valued at $4,516,093. a Includes cargoes in transit, 68,139 tons, vlued at $3,737,017. The freight carried during the calendar year 1922 consisted of lumber and logs, farm products, and general merchandise. Increase in 1922 is due principally to the renewed activity of saw- mills. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2,422.96: New work-------- --- ---------------------------- $359, 660. 70 Maintenance---------------------- ------------------ 204, 939. 35 Net total expended------ -------- ___-------- 564, 600. 05 Total appropriations to date of this report----- --------------- 581, 193. 23 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work .................... ........................... Expended for maintenance 1..... $13, 057.29 $9, 963.34 $5,737. 27 $11,835.09 $20, 504. 13 Appropriated or allotted ........ 20 00000 .9............... 19,914.72 16, 000.00 16,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended----------------------------$20, 768. 39 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved • Mar. 2, 1923__-----1------------------------------ 16, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923------------------- 328. 92 37, 097. 31 1 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance _ 20, 504.13 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended 6, 593. 18 1-------------------------- July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities---------------------------- 2, 155. 09 July 1, 1923, balance available- ------------------------- 4, 438. 09 1---- Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance-------------------------------- 28, 000. 00 10. TALLAHATCHIE AND COLDWATER RIVERS, MISS. Location and description.-TallahatchieRiver rises in Tippah County, Miss., flows about 230 miles in a general southwesterly direction and joins Yalobusha River in forming Yazoo River at Greenwood. Coldwater River rises in Marshall County, Miss., flows SNot deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1046 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. about 125 miles in a general southwesterly direction and empties into the Tallahatchie River in Quitman County, about 115 miles above its mouth. The drainage area of these streams is about 3,500 square miles. Their combined discharge at low water is about 900 and at high water 16,000 second-feet. They are alluvial, with slow current, carry little sediment, fall about 21 inches per mile, and have average widths of about 300 feet between banks. Original condition.-Before improvement Tallahatchie River was navigable during high stages for all traffic to Sharkey, about 65 miles above its mouth, but passage was diffioult and dangerous on account of wrecks and snags in the channel and leaning trees along the banks. The channel varied from 70 to 400 feet in width, with minimum usable low-water depth of 1 foot. Because of similar obstructions the Tallahatchie above Sharkey and the Coldwater River were not navigable. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the removal of wrecks, snags, sunken logs, leaning trees, and shoals between the mouth of Talla- hatchie and the mouth of Coldwater River, a distance of 115 miles, and up the latter stream to Yazoo Pass, about 40 miles farther. While dredging is not specifically mentioned in the project, it is necessary as a means of maintenance and has been so authorized. At medium and high stages the channel under improvement in these streams has an average width of about 300 feet, with a depth of 10 feet or more. Floods ordinarily cause fluctuations of stage of about 35 feet between high and low water. Extreme floods occasionally increase this range about 5 feet. The latest approved estimate of cost for new work to be finished in two seasons, made in 1879, is $40,000 for Tallahatchie River and $25,000 for Coldwater. The latest approved estimated cost of main- tenance for both streams, made in 1914, is $10,000 a year. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879 (S. Ex. Doc. No. 42, 45th Cong., 3d sess.). A map of both streams is published in the Annual Report for 1913, page 2336. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The work done has made transportation by water easier and safer. It has given year-round navigation from the mouth of Tallahatchie River to Minter City, and has prolonged the boating season for the remainder of these streams. Operations and results during fiscal year.-U. S. derrick boat No. 116 began work August 21, 1922, and laid up December 18, 1922, at Greenwood, Miss. Operations were carried on upstream to Glendora, Miss., and back to the mouth, 68 miles. Total snags, etc., removed, 9,203. The amount expended was $8,175.64 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1892. The streams are navigable at all stages from the mouth of Tallahatchie River to Minter City on Tallahatchie River, 42.4 miles. In ordinary seasons from January to June the gauge at Swan Lake may be expected to read 6 feet or more, and depths ex- ceeding 5 feet are generally found between the mouth of Tallahatchie River and Marks on the Coldwater, 127.8 miles. During the re- mainder of the year this gauge reading usually falls to about 0, and RIVERS AND HARBORS-VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT, 1047 minimum depths of 44 feet to Minter City and 1 foot above to Marks are normal. The total amount expended under the existing project to June 30, 1923, for both streams was $178,860.16, of which $43,481.48 was for new workiand $135,378.68 was for maintenance. Proposed operations.--The unexpended balance ($12,018.62) will be applied to paying outstanding liabilities ($286.22) and removing obstructions from Tallahatchie River between the mouth and Sharkey, Miss. The work will be done by U. S. derrick boat No. 116 at a cost of about $1,500 per month. Operations will probably cover about five months during low water. With care of and repairs to plant and overhead, funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 ($29,000), will be applied to maintenance, using Government plant, as follows: Snagging, from mouth of Tallahatchie River to Sharkey, Miss., 6 months, at $1,500 per month ---- ------------------------- ------ $9,000 New plant (steel hull derrick boat) --------- --------------------- 15,000 Part cost of launch-- ---------------------------------------- 2, 000 Care of and repairs to plant and overhead ------------------------ 3, 000 29, 000 This amount is larger than the average expenditures during the preceding five years, both because of new plant needed and, because of insufficient funds during recent years. New obstructions are con- tinually forming, which must be removed if safe navigation is to be maintained. Commercial statistics.-The full available depth is required by all commerce using the improved section on these rivers. Boats usually draw about 3 feet loaded. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918 .......................... 33, 258 $3, 866, 870 1921..................... 5, 291 $761, 847 1919 ..................... 68, 528 5, 223,300 1922 ..................... 3,423 1,013,104 1920 ..................... 22 444 3,043, 825 The freight carried during the calendar year 1922 consisted of lumber, farm products, and general merchandise. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $131.20: New work ------------------------------------------ $43, 481. 48 Maintenance-------- -- ---------------------------- 135, 378. 68 Net total expended------------ ---------------------- 178, 860. 16 Total appropriations to date of this report -------------------- 190, 878. 78 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work ......... ............ ..... ....... ............................ ............. Expended for maintenance 1..... 55,493.35 $5,905.77 54, 337.92 $4,353.22 $8,175.64 Appropriated or allotted......... 9,000.00 ............... 5,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1048 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---------------------------- $10, 194. 26 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923------------------ ------------------------ 10, 000. 00 20, 194. 26 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance- 8, 175. 64 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ----------------------------- 12, 018. 62 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities----------------------------- 286. 22 July 1, 1923, balance available-----------------------------11, 732.40 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance ------------------------------ 29, 000. 00 11. BIG SUNFLOWER RIVER, MISS. Location and description.-This river has its source in Mud Lake, Coahoma County, Miss., flows about 216 miles in a general southerly direction, and enters Yazoo River about 45 miles above its mouth. The drainage area is about 2,800 square miles. The discharge at low water is about 500 and at high water is about 10,000 second-feet. The stream is alluvial, with sluggish current, carries little sediment, falls about 3 inches per mile, and has an average width of 475 feet between banks. Original condition.-Before improvement the river was navigable for about six months of the year, but the channel was so much ob- structed by snags, sunken logs, leaning timber, sand bars, and shoals that in many places it could only be used by the smallest boats. Clarksdale, 196 miles from the mouth, was the head of navigation at the highest stages for all traffic. The channel varied in width from 150 to 400 feet, with minimum usable low-water depth of 1 foot. Previous projects.--The date of the original project was March 3, 1879. The amount expended under this project prior to adoption of existing project March 2, 1907, was $101,637.44, of which $66,000 was for New York and $35,637.44 for maintenance. For further details of previous project see page 1871 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the improvement of the river from the mouth to Baird, a distance of 96.1 miles, by the closure of outlets, the construction of contraction works, and the removal of snags, sunken logs, leaning trees, and other obstructions; and from Baird to the mouth of the Hushpuckena, 75.3 miles, by the construc- tion of a lock and dam at Little Callao Landing, and open-channel work, including dredging and contraction work. The principal fea- tures of the lock and dam are as follows: Number: 1. Location: Little Callao Landing, Miss. From nearest town: 17 miles. Above mouth of river: 62.5 miles. Lock: Width of lock chamber, 36 feet; greatest available length for full width of lock, 160 feet; lift at low water, 16.9 feet; depth on miter sill at low water, 5.1 feet; gates, wooden miter; character of foundation, piling in sand. Kind of dam: Movable, Poiree, needle. Type of construction: Concrete. Percentage of completion: Finished 1918. Actual cost: $402,288.40. Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT. 1049 The project proposes to obtain a channel at low water from the mouth of Big Sunflower River to the mouth of the Hushpuckena, a distance of 171.3 miles, with an average width of about 100 feet and a least available depth of 44 feet. Floods ordinarily cause fluctuations of stage between high and low water of about 30 feet. Unusual floods occasionally increase this range about 5 feet. Exclusive of amount expended on previous project, the latest approved estimate of cost of new work for closing outlets, made in 1906, is $75,000; for constructing lock and d m, revised in 1914, $500,000; and for open-channel work, made in '1912, $50,000. The latest approved estimated cost for maintenance by removing snags, etc., made in 1914, is $12,000 a year. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1907, provided for closing outlets, constructing contraction works, and removing obstructions from the mouth to Baird (H. Doc. No. 667, 59th Cong., 1st sess.) ; and the act of July 25, 1912, provided for construction of lock and dam and open-channel work above Baird (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 2, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). A map of the stream is published in the Annual Report for 1913, page 2336. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.--None. Effect of improvement.-The work accomplished has extended low- water navigation upstream to Jones Bayou and has made the passage of boats easier and safer. Operations and results during fiscal year.-U. S. derrick boat No. 1 began work August 24, 1922, and laid up December 22, 1922, at Holly Bluff, Miss. Operations were carried on between the mouth of the river and Cypress Bend 31.3 miles. Total snags, etc., removed, 1,064, and 30,676 cubic yards of sand and gravel dredged. The amount expended was $10,220.19 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The outlets were closed under the existing project in 1909 and the contraction work was finished in. 1912. The single lock and dim contemplated was completed in 1918, at a cost of $402,288.40, as stated in the table under Existing project above. The open-channel work above the dam under the project is about 50 per cent completed. The pool formed by the lock and dam in connection with dredging for open-channel work now furnishes a depth of 4 feet to Pentecost, Miss., 124.5 miles above the mouth. The latter place is now the head of navigation for boat traffic during the entire year, with only 3 feet available depth below the dam. When the water is high, however, boats can run to the mouth of the Hushpuckena River, 46.8 miles above Pentecost. A minimum depth of 5 feet below this place may be expected from January to June, when the gauge at Baird reads 100 feet or higher. The work re- maining to be done to complete the project consists of dredging the channel to a minimum depth of 4J feet from Pentecost to the mouth of the Hushpuckena River and depositing the spoil along the banks to contract the width of the river. The amount expended under the existing project to June 30, 1923, was $665,026.86, of which $55,- 026.65 was for new work (levees and dredging), $171,000.21 for 1050 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. maintenance, $402,288.40 for constructing lock and dam, and $36,- 711.60 for open-channel work. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance ($14,225.85) will be applied to paying outstanding liabilities ($878.38) and to main- tenance between the mouth of the river and lock No. 1, by removing obstructions to navigation and dredging shoals. The work will be done with derrick boat No. 1, at a cost of $2,500 per month, in about 5 months, when the funds will be exhausted. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 ($35,000), will be applied to maintenance, using Government plant, as follows: Snagging and dredging below lock No. 1, 5 months, at $2,000 per month_ $10, 000 New plant (steel hull, dredge-derrick boat) ----------------------- 20, 000 Part cost of launch ------------------------------------------ 2, 000 Care of and repairs to plant and overhead__ 3, 000 35, 000 This amount is larger than the average expenditures during the preceding five years, both because of new plant required and because insufficient funds have been provided during recent years. Obstruc- tions are continually forming, and their removal is essential to pre- serve safe navigation. Commercial statistics.-The full available depth is required by all commerce using the improved section of this stream. Boats usually draw about 3 feet loaded. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers 1918......... 18, 583 $1,681,273............ 1921......... 39, 182 $4, 516,093.......... 1919.......... 41,188 2,019,466 ............ 1922......... 55,516 2,611,913.. 1920.......... 64,166 3,975,172 .... The freight carried during the calendar year 1922 consisted of lumber and logs, farm products, and general merchandise. Financial summary. MAINTENANCE. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $213.32: New work-------------------------------------------------- Maintenance --------------------------------------- $206, 637. 65 Total appropriations to date of this report--------- ---------- 220, 863. 50 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.... ................... ......................... Expended for maintenance ..... $8,646.65 $12,413.45 $7, 938.27 $8,675.09 $10,220.19 Appropriated or allotted......... 25,000.00 .............. 13,000.00 12,000.00 12,000.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT. 1051 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended_ .------------ ___------- - $12, 432. 54 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923----------------------------------------- 12, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923_____- -___----_ 13. 50 24, 446. 04 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance ' 10, 220. 19 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------------------------14, 225. 85 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ____________________________ 878. 38 July 1, 1923, balance available,__ _--__ __-___ 13, 347.47 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance______ ______________ ------------ 35, 000. 00 LOCK AND DAM AND OPEN-CHANNEL WORK. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $543.57: New work ----------------------------------------- $560, 026. 65 Maintenance ............... Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 560, 026. 65 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1. . . . . . . . Expended for new work $11,441.25 $5,019.27.. Expended for maintenance................ ....................................... Appropriated or allotted.......... ........ ................ ............. ... CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR BIG SUNFLOWER, MISS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $756.89: New work----------------------- ------------------ $560, 026.65 Maintenance --------------------------------------- 206, 637. 65 Net total expended---------------------------------- 766, 664.30 Total appropriations to date of this report -------------- 780, 890. 15 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1. . . .. .. Expended for new work . $11,441.25 $5, 019.27 ..... Expended for maintenance 1... 8,646.65 12,413.45 $7,938.27 $8,675.09 Total expended 1.... 20,087.90 17,432.72 7,938.27 8,675.09 10,220.19 Appropriated or allotted........ 25,000.00 .............. 13,000.00 12,000.00 12,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ------------ $12, 432. 54 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923--------------------------------------- 12, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 13. 50 ----------------- 24, 446. 04 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1052 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. June 30, - 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - $10, 220. 19 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------------- --------- 14, 225. 85 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities----------------------------- 878. 38 July 1, 1923, balance available--- -------------------------- 13, 347. 47 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance-- ---------------------------- 2 35, 000. 00 12. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCK AND DAM, BIG SUNFLOWER RIVER, MISS. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for improving Big Sunflower River, Missy See pages 1048 to 1052, where general information may be found. The completed lock and dam has been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since May 1, 1918. Operations anc results during fiscal year.-The lock and dam at Little Callao Landing, Miss., has been operated as required. The dam was up from July 1, 1922, to January 1, 1923. Improvement and reconstruction embraced construction of engine house on an iron hull for a new maneuver boat and installing the der- rick and machinery and rebuilding the telephone line from the lock to Murphy, Miss. All work was done by hired labor. The amount expended during the fiscal year was $16,602.46, of which $7,255.32 was for operating and care and $9,347.14 for improvement and re- construction. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The lock and dam is in good con- dition. The dam is raised when needed during the low-water season, which occurs ordinarily between July and December. It provides a pool varying in depth from 22 feet to 1 foot for a distance of 61.8 miles upstream, when the gauge at the lock reads 22 feet. During low water the pool extends the navigable portion of the river to Pentecost, Miss., 123.5 miles above the mouth. When river stages are high, usually between January and June, the lock and dam is not operated. The amount expended to June 30, 1923, was $68,189.52, of which $33,842.38 was for operating and care and $34,347.14 for im- provement and reconstruction. Proposed operations.-This lock and dam will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-All the commerce passing was carried in boats and barges. Conmparatire statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918....................... 686 $142,068 1921................. ..... 16,164 $4,137,691 1919....................... 14,085 732,811 1922...................... 1,698 259,069 1920....................... 11,324 2,070,222 1 Not, deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS---VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT. 1058 The freight passed in 1922 consisted of lumber and logs, farm prod- ucts, and general merchandise. The decrease in 1922 was due to the irregular operation of a packet boat. 13. STEELE AND WASHINGTON BAYOUS AND LAKE WASHINGTON, MISS. Location and description.-Steele Bayou rises in Swan Lake, Washington County, Miss., flows about 85 miles in a general south- erly direction, and empties into the Yazoo River about 8 miles above its mouth. The bayou forms the outlet to Lake Washington, with which it is connected by Washington Bayou, a waterway about 7 miles long. The drainage area of these streams is about 900 square miles. The combined discharge is at low water about 50 and at high water about 3,000 second-feet. The fall is about 9 inches per mile at low water and the current is swift. At high water the fall is less than one-half inch per mile and the current is sluggish. The waterways are alluvial, carry little sediment, and have average widths between banks of 150 feet in the bayous and 2,000 feet in the lake. Original condition.-The lower part of Steele Bayou was navi- gable for small boats and rafts a distance of about 7 miles above its mouth when flood water from the Mississippi River was backed up the bayou, but passage was difficult and dangerous on account of snags and stumps in the channel and leaning trees along the banks. The channel in the section of these waterways now under improve- ment varied in width from 150 to 2,000 feet, with minimum usable low-water depth of 1 foot. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 5, 1884, and a subsequent modifidation was made by the river and harbor act of August 5, 1886. The amount expended on these projects for new work prior to adoption of exist- ing project June 25, 1910, was $12,500. (For further details of pre- vious project see p. 1872 of the Annual Report for 1915.) Existing project.-This provides for the removal of snags, logs, leaning trees, and other obstructions from Glen Allen, on Lake Wash- ington, to the mouth of Steele Bayou, a distance of about 60 miles, during a period of about five years. At high stages the channel width varies from 150 feet in Washington Bayou to 2,000 feet in Lake Washington, with a least available depth of 6 feet. Floods ordinarily cause fluctuations of stage between high and low water of about 35 feet. Unusual floods occasionally increase this range about 5 feet. The latest approved estimate of cost for new work, made in 1908, is $15,000, exclusive of amount expended on previous project. The latest approved estimated cost of mainte- nance, made in 1914, is $2,500 a year. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 904, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). A map of the streams is published in the Annual Report for 1913, page 2336. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. 1054 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Effect of improvement.-The work done has made transportation by water easier and safer. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about two- thirds completed, snags and other obstructions having been removed from Steele Bayou between its mouth and Griffin Bridge, 42.8 miles. Glen Allen, on Lake Washington, is the head of high-water naviga- tion for boat traffic. When the Mississippi River gauge at Vicksburg reads 25 feet or higher, usually between January and June, there is a minimum depth of 5 feet or more between Glen Allen and the mouth of Steele Bayou. This depth is reduced to 1 foot or less dur- ing the remainder of the year, when the height of water on this gauge is generally less than 20 feet. The completion of the project requires the thorough removal of obstructions from Steele and Wash- ington Bayous between Griffin Bridge and Lake Washington, a dis- tance of about 20 miles. The amount expended under the existing project to June 30, 1923, was $14,549.81 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-There are no funds available and no opera- tions are proposed. Commercial statistics.-The full available depth is required by all commerce using these waterways. Boats usually draw about 4 feet loaded. About 22 per cent of the tonnage for 1922 was floated in rafts. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918...................... 27,430 $223,570 1921. ...................... 4,662 $61,156 1919.................... 16,756 157,693 1922 ..................... 9,200 112,000 1920.............. ..... 15,843 341,263 The increase in tonnage for 1922 is due to the renewed operation of sawmills. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1: New work-- -------------------------------------- $12, 500. 00 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 14, 549. 81 Net total expended---- ----------- --------------- 27, 049. 81 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------27, 049. 81 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............................ .......... ..... ........... Expended for maintenance 1............... $1,600.00 $312.50 $1,088.50 ........... Appropriated or allotted......... $3, 000.00 .... .... ................................ 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 14. MOUTH OF THE YAZOO RIVER, MISS. Location and description.-See report for Yazoo River, page 1043. Original condition.-The shifting bar at the mouth of this river was a most serious obstruction at low water and frequently caused RIVERS AND HARBORS-VICKSBURG, MISS., DISTRICT, 105 entire suspension of navigation. This bar changed continually with the varying stages of the Mississippi and Yazoo Rivers, but, in gen- eral was about 1.5 miles long at low water, with a channel approxi- mately 250 feet wide and a least depth of about 2 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for opening a new outlet for the Yazoo River through the wrong end of OldRiver, across a neck of low land to Lake Centennial, around the head of De Soto Island, and down the east arm of Lake Centennial to the Mississippi River just below the city of Vicksburg. The total length of the proposed canal is 9.3 miles, with least width of 98.5 feet, and bottom of canal prism 6.5 feet below zero on the Vicksburg gauge. The ordinary fluctuation between high and low water is about 44 feet. Extreme floods occasionally increase this range about 5 feet. The latest approved estimate of cost for new work made in 1893 is $1,200,000. The latest (1921) approved estimate for maintenance is $2',500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892 (H. Ex. Doc. No. 125, 52d Cong., 1st sess.). A map of the project is published in the Annual Report for 1902, page 1422. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The work accomplished has maintained an unobstructed entrance 'to the Yazoo River for commerce at all stages of water. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-United States snag boat Jos. E. Ransdell began work November 20, 1922, and finished a cut 900 feet long, 50 feet wide, and 3 feet deep December 2, 1922. A total of 5,000 cubic yards sand and mud was dredged. The amount cxpended was $1,984.41 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The existing project was com- pleted in 1904. The canal is navigable at all times, the minimum depths being generally about 6 feet greater than the simultaneous readings on the Vicksburg gauge. The total amount expended under existing project to June 30, 1923, was $1,258,084.41, of which $1,19,i- 210.87 was for new work and $78,873.54 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-There are no funds available, and none will probably be required during the fiscal year 1925. Commercial statistics.-The full available depth is required by all commerce using this waterway. Boats ordinarily draw about 4 feet loaded. About 44 per cent of the commerce reported for 1922 was floated in rafts. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Valoe. 1918..................... 95,821 $4172,086 1921... ......... 66,103 $5,007,546 1919..................... 65,494 2,561, 510 1922... 143, 758 5,340,011 1920 ............. ........ 89,197 .4, 392, 945 The freight carried during the calendar year 1922 consisted of lumber and logs, farm products, and general merchandise. Increase 61637-ENG 1923-67 1056 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. in tonnage for 1922 is due to the increased traffic in logs. All com- merce consists of cargoes in transit. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $100.30: New work-----------------------------------------$1, 179, 210. 87 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 78, 873. 54 Net total expended----------------------------- -- 1, 258, 084. 41 Total appropriations to date of this report___--__-_____-. 1, 258. 084. 41 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.... .................... ... ........ .................... Expended for maintenance 1 ... $2,403.08 $596.92 " $200.00 $1, 984.41 Appropriated or allotted......... ............. ......... ............................ 3,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922 . ... --------... ------ --- $3, 000.00 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment____- 1_____---_ 1, 015. 59 June 80, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_- 1, 984. 41 EXAMINATION AND SURVEY REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED SEPTEMBER 22, 19 2 2. The local engineer was charged with the duty of making a pre- liminary examination and survey provided for by the river and harbor act approved September 22, 1922, of Tallahatchie and Cold- water Rivers, Miss., and the tributaries of these rivers, with a view to devising plans for flood protection and determining the ,extent to which the United States should cooperate with the State and other communities and interests in carrying out such plans, its share being based on the value of protection to navigation, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE MEMPHIS, TENN., DISTRICT. This district includes the Arkansas, White, and St. Francis Rivers and their tributaries in the northern half of the State of Arkansas, the northeast portion of Oklahoma, the southeast portion of Kansas, and the southern portion of Missouri; and the rivers in the western part of the State of Tennessee that flow into the Mississippi River. District engineer: Maj. J. N. Hodges, Corps of Engineers, to May 21, 1923, and Capt. George J. Richards, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineer: Col. Charles L. Potter. Corns of Engineers. RIVERS AND HAIIBORS-MEMPHIS, TENN., DISTRICT, 1057 IMPROVEMENTS. Page. Page. 1. Arkansas River, Ark. and 6. St.. Francis and L'Anguille Okla. ________________ 1057 Rivers and Blackflsh Bayou, 2. White River at Augusta Nar- Ark_ __ 1071 rows. ---- __---_-- - 1061 7. Operating and care of Locks 3. White River, Ark- ----- __ 1063 and Dams Nos. 1, 2, and 3, 4. Black River, Ark. and Mo_.. 1066 Upper White River, Ark___ 1076 5. Current River, Ark. and Mo__ 1069 1. ARKANSAS RIVER, ARK. AND OKLA. Location and description.-This river rises in central Colorado and flows in a southeasterly direction to the Mississippi River, 37 miles above Arkansas City, Ark. Its length is about 1,460 miles, with 161,000' square miles drainage area. The minimum and maximum discharges at the mouth are about 1,250 and 600,000 cubic feet per second, respectively. It is navigable to Neosho (Grand) River, 465 miles from the mouth. Below this point its average fall is 0.7. of a foot per mile; its average width between banks, 1,800 feet; and aver- age low-water width, 300 feet. Its low-water bed is unstable and rapid currents predominate at medium and high stages. Original condition.-The channel was obstructed by snags and drifts at all stages. During low water the channel depths were 18 to 20 inches in the lower reaches and 10 to 12 inches in the upper ones. Navigation was generally suspended from three weeks to three months of a year in the lower and upper reaches, respectively. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 3, 1832. Additional and modifying projects were adopted by river and harbor acts of April 8, 1876; March 3, 1879; June 14, 1880; July 5, 1884; August 5, 1886, and August 11, 1888. The expenditures under these projects prior to June 30, 1902, the beginning of the existing project, were as follows: For new work : Construction of permanent works-------_______ $903, 311.93 For maintenance: Maintenance of permanent works. ---------- $315, 817. 40 Operating snag boats--------------------- 1, 031, 654.13 1,347, 471. 53 Total expended on previous projects-------------- - 2, 250, 783. 46 For further details of previous projects see page 1872, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for improving the river from its mouth to Neosho (Grand) River (465 miles) by snagging and dredg- ing operations, by contraction works and revetments, and by a levee near Pine Bluff, Ark. (117 miles above the mouth). The dimensions of the channel are not specified. The several types of structures used in the improvement are shown in Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1902, page 1576. The ordinary freshet fluctuation is about 16 feet throughout the portion of the river covered by the proj- ect. The flood fluctuation is 56 feet at the mouth of the river, 29 feet at Little Rock, and 33 feet at Neosho River. As'the project is indefinite, no estimate of the cost of completion has been made. The estimated cost of maintenance is $35,000 annually for snagging and $10,000 annually for maintenance of works at Pine Bluff. 1058 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The existing project results from the combination of prior proj- ects by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. To this the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, added a levee near Pine Bluff to prevent a cut-off (H. Doc. No. 71, 61st Cong., 1st sess.). Index to published maps of sections of the river is given on page 1171, Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1921. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919, the St. Louis Southwestern Railway Co. con- tributed $39,858 as one-half cost of repairing the revetment at Pine Bluff, beginning at Mallory Ditch and extending about 3,300 feet downstream. Terminal facilities.-Otherthan a paved bank slope at Little Rock and private owned log slips at saw and stave mills at Little Rock and sand derricks and elevators at Little Rock and Pine Bluff, there are no terminal facilities. Those mentioned are adequate for existing commerce. (For description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Natural depths are made available by snagging operations and the operations of boats made safer and easier. Bank protection works at Pine Bluff and Little Rock have maintained the integrity of the channels at those places. Operations and results during the fiscal year.--All work was for maintenance. Snagging operations were by hired labor with Gov- ernment plant. Bank protection works were repaired by contract. Snagging operations during the period August 24, 1922, to January 31, 1923, covered the river from its lower mouth to Rectors Chute (189 miles). By those operations 807 snags, 129 stumps, 2 saw logs, and 1 drift pile were removed from the channel, and 3,633 trees cut on caving banks. Repair to bank revetment at Pine Bluff, begun September 25 and completed October 29, 1922, consisted in placing 731 linear feet of subaqueous mattress 140 feet wide from Ohio Street Point down to River Gauge Point. The expenditures during the year were: Government funds, for maintenance: For snagging operations, including care and repair of plant .. $39, 179. 13 For work in vicinity of Little Rock_ --------------- 433. 39 For work at Pine Bluff (revetment) ---------------- 6, 266. 57 Total -- ------------------------------- 45, 879. 09 4------ Condition at end of fiscal year.-The construction of permanent work for the general improvement of the river has been suspended for several years. New work under the existing project has been a revetment in Trusty Bend and a levee opposite Pine Bluff. The downstream half of the revetment in Trusty Bend is destroyed. The works in vicinity of Pine Bluff and Little Rock are the only perma- nent ones that are being maintained. The levee opposite Pine Bluff is in generally fair condition as to grade and section. It needs clear- ing of brush and some small repairs to crown and slopes. The revet- ment at Pine Bluff is in good condition. There are some slight erosions of bank and a little displacement of stone in the vicinity of Dike No. 9 near River Gauge Point. The bank-protection worlks in the vicinity of Little Rock are in fair condition. Dredging under the tentative dredging project was carried on below Pine Bluff for three low-water seasons but the benefit to navigation was not com- RIVERS AND HARBORS-MEMPHIS, TENN., DISTRICT. 1059 mensurate with the costs. Snagging operations are the principal activities relied upon to benefit navigation. They make it easier and safer, but because of additional obstructions brought into the stream through caving banks the benefits are soon lost and the operations must be repeated. Under average conditions 4 feet can be taken to Little Rock from the middle of February to the middle of July.3' From the middle of August to the middle of December the dratt is generally limited to about 2 feet. During this fiscal year stages suitable for naviga- tion to Little Rock by boats of 3 feet draft occurred July 5-30, No- vember 15-December 15, and December 277to the end of the fiscal year. The total expenditures under the existing project to end of this fiscal year were: For new work: Construction of revetment in Trusty Bend__ __ $60, 000. 00 Construction of levee near Pine Bluff-- .--------- 55, 200. 00 $115, 200. 00 For maintenance: Operating snag boats-------------------- 546, 025.97 Maintenance of original permanent works, except- ing those at Pine Bluff ___- _______-__--__ 18, 771. 73 Maintenance of works at Pine Bluff- Levee-----------------------$8, 351. 39 Revetment --- _____________ 330, 615. 05 338, 966.44 Bank protection at Little Rock ______________ 35, 554. 13 Hydraulic dredging: Prior to 1910_____________________ $43, 866. 89 1910 tentative project------------- 623, 877. 26 667, 744. 15 Total for maintenance - ----- ------- 1, 607, 062. 42 Total Government funds to June 30, 1923___________________ 1, 722, 262. 42 Contributed funds for Pine Bluff revetment-------------------- 39, 858. 00 Grand total --------------------------------------- 1, 762, 120. 42 Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1923, will be applied to maintenance of channel by snagging operations below mouth of Fourche La Fave River and to maintenance of works at Little Rock and Pine Bluff under approximate distribution, as follows: Snagging operations and care of plant------------ ---- $24, 823. 95 Repair of works at Little Rock and Pine Bluff--__-----------------5, 466.86 Total --------------------------------------------- 30, 290.81 Snagging operations will be carried on and repairs to the works made in the autumn of 1923. The expenditures under those opera- tions, together with expenditures for care of plant in the high-water period of 1924, will utilize all funds available by July 1, 1924. The amount ($37,500) that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, is to provide for maintenance, as follows: Snagging operations in the autumn of 1924 and care of plant in the winter and in high-water period of 1925_--.----------------- $27, 500 Repair of works at Little Rock and Pine Bluff__ --------------- 10, 000 Total- ________--__ ----- ___ ---- 37. 500 1060 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Commercial statistics.-All commerce reported is affected by the improvement. No boat navigation was reported above Natural Steps, 14 miles above Little Rock, and no rafting above Holla Bend, 74 miles above Little Rock, in the calendar year 1922. No regular packet line operated on the river during that year. During period of crop movement Mississippi River boats operated in the lower reaches under special iob agreements. Report was received from but one of those boats. The forest products were handled by boats with barges having load draft of 4.5 to 6 feet, and in raft either towed by power boats or floated with the current. The navigation period for boats of 3 feet draft to Little Rock were: February 25-June 20, July 5-30, November 15-December 15, and December 20 to the end of the year. Ninety-five per cent of the commerce reported was forest products, and of these 43.7 per cent were in raft. Sand and gravel movement of 188.840 tons at Little Rock and Pine Bluff is not included in tabulation of tonnage, that movement being con- sidered as local harbor movement. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons.. Estated value. Calendar year. Shorttons. Calenrrtyea..Shoratons value. 1917...................... 38, 659 $682,798 1920................. . 30,568 $177 000 1918 .................. 33,384 863,925 1921,...... .......... 35,780 100,498 1919...................... 23, 721 187,246 19221.................... 27,026 138,355 1 Includes 11,224 tons of logs and piles in raft, either floated or towed, valued at $48,345. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1.923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $7,421.11: New work--------------------------------------------- $1,018, 511. 93 Maintenance --------------------------------------- 2, 954, 533. 95 Net total expended------------------- 3, 973, 045. 88 Total appropriations to date of this report --------------- 4, 003, 336. 69 Fiscal year ending Exped¢June 30. formaitenace 1919 .... .---..-------, 6 ,3 1920 $5417 : 1921 - $42385 - I ------- 1922 ----- $5663 .. 1923 :8 ;) I Expended for new work... 2 ........... ................................... Expended for maintenance .... 363, 340.06 325, 461.72 $24, 293.85 335,606.34 $45,879.09 Appropriated or allotted....... ............................. 25,000. 28,000.00 2, Ot00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------------$50, 169. 90 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923--------------------------------- --------------- 26, 000. 00 76, 169. 90 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for main- tenance---------------------------------------------------- 45,879. 09 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ----------------- 30, 290. 81 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities---------------------------- 592. 26 July 1, 1923, balance available-------------------- ------- 29, 698. 55 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance ---------------------------- 37, 500.00 1 Inaddition $39,858 has been expended from contributed funds for work at Pine Bluff. *Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. a Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MEMPHIS, TENN., DISTRICT. 1061 2. WHITE RIVER AT AUGUSTA NARROWS. Location and description.-Augusta Narrows is a narrow neck of land between White River at the head and foot of Augusta bend of White River, 202 and 205 miles, respectively, from the mouth of the river and 1 miles west from the town of Augusta. The distance around the bend is 3 miles. The distance across the neck from top of bank to top of bank is 132 feet. Original condition--This narrow neck of land has existed many years with but slow erosion in each of its banks. High water flowed across it and had developed surface scour that threatened earth formation of cut-off. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.--Prevent cut-off by constructing levee and revetment as set forth in House Document No. 71, Sixty-first Con- gress, first session, page 11. In fiscal years 1908 and 1909, a levee was built along the neck at cost of $10,186.05 and a revetment built along the upper side of the neck at cost of $15,613.95, total $@5,800. The additional work is to protect downstream side of the neck, and for maintenance. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required; however, the Missouri Pacific Railroad Co. contributed half the cost of revetting the unprotected bank between the ends of the two revetments on the downstream side of the narrows. Terminal facilities.-No terminals at this locality. Effect of improvement.-The cut-off has been prevented. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The revetment on the upper side of the narrows was repaired and the revetment on the lower side was extened downstream 520 feet. to a connection with the revetment of the Missouri Pacific Railroad. The expenditures were $12,820.16 from Government funds and $3,283.95 from funds con- tributed by the Missouri Pacific Railroad Co., a total of $16,104.11, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The levee is in good condition. The revetments are in good condition above medium stage of river. The river has not fallen to a low enough stage at the end of the year to permit of examination of the works along the base of the slopes. The expenditures on this work to June 30, 1923, have been $25,800 for new work and $24,820.16 for maintenance, a total of $50,620.16 from United States funds. In addition $3,283.95 has been expended from contributed funds. Proposed operations.-The amount unexpended June 30, 1923, will be expended in repairing the revetments at this locality in the autumn of 1923. No work further than that outlined in the preceding paragraph is indicated as necessary at this time, therefore, no funds can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-During the calendar year 1922, about 66,264 tons of forest products and 2,084 tons of general freights passed this place. Of the forest products about 8,900 tons were in rafts towed by motor boats. 1062 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Financial summary. UNITED STATES FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work. $-------------------------- 800. 00 Maintenance --------------------------------------- 24, 820. 16 Net total expended----------------------- -------------- 50, 620. 16 Total appropriations to date of this report------ ---------- __ 51, 800. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............................. ............... Expended for maintenance........................................ $12,000.00 $12, 820.16 " ' Appropriated or allotted......... ... ............ $12,000.00 14,000.00 ..... .. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------------____________ $14, 000. 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 12, 820. 16 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended _______ _____ 1------ 1, 179. 84 * CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work----------- --------- Maintenance----------------------- ------------------------ 3, 283. 95 Total contributions to date of this report-------__- -_- 4, 750. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work......... .................................................. Expended for maintenance...... ................ . ........... ............. $3,283.95 Contributed ..................... .. .... .......... .. ..................... 4,750.00 Amount contributed by Missouri Pacific Railroad Co------------ $4, 750. 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 3, 283.95 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended- - ---------- 1, 466. 05 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities --.------- ------------------ 7. 49 July 1, 1923, balance available ---------------------------- , 458. 56 1-- CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR WHITE RIVER AT AUGUSTA NARROWS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New -work ------------------------------- $25, 800. 00 Maintenance-------------- -------------------------- 28, 104. 11 Net total expended--------- ------------------------- 53, 904. 11 Total appropriations and contributions to date of this report------ 56, 550. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work ............... .......... ............... ............. Expended formaintenance .... ........ .. .... . .......... $12,000.00 $16,401.11 Appropriated or contributed .... ........... .. . $........ $12,000.00 14,000. 00 4,750.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended___--_- $14, 000. 00 Contributed by Missouri Pacific Railroad Co -- ---- 4, 750. 00 18, 750. 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 16,104.11 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------_ ----------------------- 2, 645. 89 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities--- .------------ 7. 49 July 1, 1923, balance available ------------------------------ 2, 638. 40 RIVERS AND HARBORS--MEMPHIS, TENN., DISTRICT. 1063 3. WHITE RIVER, ARK. Location and description.-Thisriver rises in northwestern Arkan- sas and flows 690 miles, first north into Missouri, then southeasterly through Arkansas to the Mississippi River, 38 miles above Arkansas City, Ark. Its drainage area is 28,000 square miles with minimum and maximum discharges at the mouth of 4,500 and 250,000 cubic feet per second, respectively. The river emerges from the hills at Black River, 264 miles from the Mississippi, below where it flows through an alluvial basin in a quite stable channel with average width of 625 feet between banks, an average slope of three-tenths foot per mile. In the alluvial section the currents are moderate; in the hill section they are rapid. Original condition.--From the mouth to Black River navigation was badly obstructed by snags, drift, and fallen or overhanging timber. Above Black River it was obstructed by bowlders and some snags. The maximum draft that could be taken to Black River dur- ing low stage was 18 inches; above that place it was limited to 8 or 10 inches. Black River was the head of navigation for boats during low water seasons. In high water seasons, Forsyth, Mo., 505 miles from the Mississippi River, was the head of steamboat navigation. War Eagle, 634 miles from the Mississippi River, was the head of navigation for rafting. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871. Separate and distinct projects were adopted by the river and harbor acts of June 23, 1874, August 4. 1876, and June 14, 1880. All projects were consolidated by the river and harbor act of July 5, 1884. The river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, reduced the scope of the then existing project. During the period 1871-1884 the snagging operations in the lower river were in combination with those on other rivers, and it is not practicable to state the amount spent in White River for that class of work during the period named. The expenditures on the previous project prior to commencement of existing project in 1899, which applied solely to White River, were $366,000, distributed as follows: New work: For open-channel improvement__---_------------------- $351, 740. 1 For special works at Batesville_ ------.------------ 11, 061. 46 362, 801..57 Maintenance for open-channel improvement_ ----------------- 3, 198. 43 STotal ---- ------------- -- --- --- ------ 366, 000. 00 For further details of previous project see page 1874 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for channel maintenance between" the mouth of the river and Batesville, 301 miles, by snagging and dredging and by contraction works. The stream has an ordinary freshet fluctuation of 15 feet throughout the portion covered by the project, and an extreme flood fluctuation of 56 feet at the moutlh, of 33 feet at Clarendon and -Newport, and 36 feet at Batesville. N estimate of cost has been given, and since 18990: the work has baen! prosecuted under annual estimates for maintenance by snagging and dredging. 1064 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The existing project is authorized by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, which made appropriation for completion of prior project for improving the river from its mouth to Forsyth, Mo., and provided that the additional sum appropriated should be ex- pended " in the discretion of the Secretary of War." The river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, adopted a project.for the improi~e ent of the river above Batesville, thereby making that place the head of the open-river improvement project. Sketch map of Little Rock district printed in Annual Report for 1911, opposite page 1877, in- cludes a sketch outline of this stream. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are no public-owned water terminals along the river. Railway spur tracks are available for transfer of freights between car and boat at Newport and Clarendon. There are log slips for use of the owners only at those towns and at Augusta, Des Are, Crocketts Bluff, and St. Charles. Steamboat warehouses are maintained at St. Charles and Crocketts Bluff pri- marily for the use of the owners. These, however, are available to the general public on payment of nominal warehouse charges. The terminal facilities are adequate for the bulk of the commerce. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d Sess.) Effect of improvement.-Snagging operations have made naviga- tion safer and easier. Dredging operations when carried on increase the length of channel for 3-foot navigation 37 miles during the low- water period in which the dredging is done. Operations and results during the fiscal year.--All operations were for maintenance by hired labor with Government plant. They consisted of operating two snag boats between the mouth of the river and the mouth of Black River (265 miles) which removed 1,237 snags, 87 stumps, 41 saw logs, and 1 drift raft, from the channel and felled 3,524 trees. The expenditures during the year were $26,471.22 all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-During the period 1881-1894 wing dams of brush, gravel, and stone were built at eight localities between Batesville and Jacksonport. They are of no consequence now. During the period 1890-1894 eight wing dams were built at four localities between Newport and the- mouth of the river. But slight traces of six of these are visible at dead low water. The benefit derived from them was local only. At four different times in the period 1897-1917, a dipper dredge was operated between Jackson- port and Batesville making a 3-foot channel depth through the low water period of the years in which it was operated. Snagging operations below the mouth of Black River have been under way since 1871 and have materially improved the original condition of the channel. During the fiscal year 1923 the controlling channel depths during the low water season (middle of August to last of November) were 16 inches to 2 feet over the bar directly in the mouth of the river and 3 to 3.5 feet from there on to Black River (265 miles). Depths for 6-foot draft obtained from January 1 to the end of the fiscal year. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MEMPHIS, TENN., DISTRICT. 1065 The total expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1923, are: For maintenance: By snagging operations ._____- . ______-- $309, 101. 92 By dredging operations-----.....- _-13, 327. 96 $322, 429. 88 Specials : Augusta for prevention of cut-off-------------- 314. 84 Devall Bluff for prevention of cut-off ----------- 883. 36 Little Red River, snagging, 1914_ ............ __ 500.00 1, 698. 20 Total to June 30, 1923 -------------------------- 324,128. 08 Proposed operations.-The operations during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1924, will be limited to snagging operations between the mouth and Black River in the autumn of 1923 and the care of plant during the following winter and spring. The expenditures for those activities will absorb the unexpended balance by June 30, 1924. The additional amount ($30,000) that can be profitably expended during fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, is for snagging operations below Batesville and for dredging operations at the mouth of White River under an approximated distribution, as follows: Snaggpg operations and care of plant in lay-up period------- $25, 000 IDredging at mouth of White River _______________ __ _ 5, 000 30, 000 The item for dredging at mouth of White River is a new item in this work. During the last three years a shoal has been developing at the mouth of the river. Last low water season it was an absolute bar to navigation, therefore, its removal should be provided for. Commercial statistics.-All commerce reported was affected by the improvement. During the calendar year a small packet-boat service was maintained between Clarendon, Ark., and Rosedale, Miss., by two motor boats using barges of 60 to 75 tons capacity. Steam- boats operated all the year below mouth of Black River, using barges of 5 to 6 feet when fully loaded. From about September 12 to about November 2 drafts were limited to 3 feet throughout the river except- ing over the shoal directly in the mouth of the river. At this shoal there were but 16 inches to 2 feet depth from about the middle of August to the latter part of November. The general classification of the tonnage is: Forest products in barges, 64 per cent; forest prod- ucts in raft, 10 per cent; agricultural products, 5 cent; road-build- ing materials, 13 per cent; and general freights, 8 per cent. Comparative statement. 1917................. 1918................. 1919.................... a Includes 14,782 tons of lop in rafts valued at $50,998. 1066 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Finayncial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,366.59: New work------------ ---------------------------- $326, 801. 57 Maintenance -- _____________________-327, 326. 51 Net total expended_---------------------------- 690, 128. 08 Total appropriations to date of this report_____-- ______--- 711, 365. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........ ...... .. ....... .......... Expended for maintenance 1.. $25, 494. 75 $18, 007.65 $3,334.91 $23,151.56 $26, 471. 22 Appropriated or allotted......... :22,750.00 ............. 25,000.00 23,000.00 22,500.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended__------------------------ $25, 206. 64 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923'.__-- 22, 500.00' Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923------------------ 1. 50 47, 708. 14 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 126, 471. 22 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ---------------------------- 21, 236. 92 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities----------------------------1, 413, 24 July 1, 1923, balance available------------------- ----------- 19, 823. 68 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance---_-- ------------------------- 30, 000. 00 4. BLACK RIVER, ARK. AND MO. Location and description.--This river rises in Iron County, Mo., and flows in a southerly direction 300 miles to White River, at Jack- sonport, Ark. Its drainage area is 8,675 square miles with minimum discharge of 2,750 cubic feet a second. The river emerges from the hills at Poplar Bluff, Mo., 213 miles from White River. :Below that town it flows through an alluvial basin in a generally stable channel with average width between banks of 120 feet to Current River, 116 miles. Below Current River the width between banks averages about 335 feet. Throughout the section below Poplar Bluff mod. erate currents predominate in medium and high stages. In low stages swift currents occur at the steep localized slopes over the con- trolling shoals. Original conditions.-Snags and fallen timber reduced the natural depths by 3 to 5 feet. When unobstructed the ordinary low-water channel depths were 2 to 2J feet on the shoals below Current River (97 miles) and 18 inches to 2 feet on those between Current River and Poplar Bluff, 116 miles. Current River was the head of steam- boat navigation at ordinary low water. At high stages rafts and flat boats were floated from the vicinity of the:.Arkansas and Mis- souri State line. ~ ~ Not~ eepsfo deutn aeec xlsv faalbefns Ebxclusive of available funds. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MEMPHIS, TENN., DISTRICT. 1067 Previous projects.--The river and harbor act of March 3, 1871, adopted the original project, which was for snagging operations in combination with like work on White and Little Red Rivers. It is not practicable to state the amount expended under the project; how- ever, it is known to have been very small. For further details of previous project see page 1877, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This contemplates improvement of the river below Poplar Bluff, Mo., 213 miles, by snagging operations, by deep- ening the water on shoals by wing dams, and by concentrating the water into one main channel by the closure of secondary channels. The stream has an ordinary freshet fluctuation of 10 feet at Poplar Bluff, 4 feet near Corning, Ark., and 15 feet at the mouth. Its flood stage fluctuations are 19 feet at Poplar Bluff, 11 feet near Corning, Ark., and 34 feet at the mouth. The original estimate was $80,800, to be expended in two working seasons (Annual Report for 1880, p. 1326). The river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, appro- priated an amount to complete the estimate and authorized main- tenance of the improvement. While dredging is not mentioned in the project, it is necessary as a means of maintenance and has been authorized. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor acts of June 14, 1880, and March 3, 1881. (Annual Report for 1880, p. 1325.) The approximate location and course of the navigable por- tion of this stream are shown in district map (sketch) printed in Annual Report for 1911, opposite page 1877. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are no municipal or public-owned im- proved wharves or landings along the river. Private-owned log slips or chain conveyors for the use of the owners are maintained at the several saw and stave mills. The facilities are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of the improvement.-Navigation has been made safer and easier and the navigation period extended to all the year round, ex- cepting for an occasional suspension because of ice in the winter months. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-All operations were for maintenance by hired labor with Government plant. Two snag boats operated between the mouth of the river and Poplar Bluff, Mo. (213 miles), removing 1,081 snags, 80 stumps, and 321 saw logs from the channel, breaking 3 drift rafts and felling 1,223 trees. The expenditures were $22,048.88, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-In the early operations under this project wing dams were built at two shoals, and dams across secondary channels at two islands. These are of no effect now. Later some dredging was done below Pocahontas. The dredging through. the rock shoal at Julia Dean remains fairly effective. Snagging operations have constituted the principal activities. They have made possible all year round navigation to Poplar Bluff by boats of 18-inch draft and to mouth of Current River by boats of 2.5 feet draft during years of extreme low water. During this fiscal year drafts were limited to 3 feet below the mouth of Current 1068 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. River and to 2 feet above there to Poplar Bluff during the period September 5 to December 1, 1922. Five feet or more channel depth obtained to Current River and 3.5 feet or more to Poplar Bluff from January 1, 1923, to the end of the fiscal year. The total expenditures are: For new work---------------- ----- ---- ------------- $80, 000. 00 For maintenance----------21.--------- --------------- 84 Total to June 30, 1923.-- ------------------------ 329,021.84 Proposed operations.--The balance unexpended June 30, 1923, will be expended in snagging operations for maintenance from the mouth of the river to Poplar Bluff. These activities in the autumn of 1923, together with expenditures for care of plant in the winter and spring following, will absorb all available funds by June 30, 1924. The additional amount ($22,500) that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925, is for snagging operations ($18,500) and extensive repair to'the snagboat Riverside ($4,000). Commercial statistics.--All commerce reported for the calendar year 1922 was affected by the improvement. Boats operated all the year, towing barges having full load draft of 4 to 4.5 feet below Current River and 3 to 3.5 feet above Current River. From about the 1st of September to about the 1st of December the drafts were limited to 3 feet below Current River and to 2 feet between there and Poplar Bluff, Mo. The tonnage for the year was distributed Forest products in barges, 40.5 per cent; forest products in rafts, 58.2 per cent; and general freights, 1.3 per cent. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Estiated alendar year. Short tons. ated 1917..................... 154,281 8735,726 1920. ...................... 86,877 $374,152 1918 ...................... 129, 968 477, 955 1921 ..................... 66 630 277, 101 1919....................... 121, 248 592, 554 19221...................... 86591 375,404 1 Includes 50,359 tons of logs either floated or towed in raft and valued at $202,085. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $282.46: New work----------------------- ------------------- $80, 000.00 Mlaintenance_ ----------------------- 249, 021.84 Net total expended ----------------- 329, 021.84 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 343, 680. 50 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 i. 1923 Expended for new work...... .............. ..................................... ... Expended for maintenance t..... $9, 455, 97 $12,146.82 $3,145.89 $12,153. 55 $22, 048.88 Appropriated or allotted......... 16,900.00 ............ ..i 20,000.00 17,000.00 13,000.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MEMPHIS, TENN., DISTRICT. 1069 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-----------------------------23, 707. 54 Amount allotted from War Department appropriations act approved Mar. 2, 1923-------------------------------------------13, 000..00 36, 707. 54 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 22, 048. 88 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended 658. 66 1------------------------- July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-----------------------------739. 19 July 1, 1923, balance available------------------------------13, 919. 47 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance-------------------------------- 22, 500. 00 5. CURRENT RIVER, ARK. AND MO. Location and description.-This river rises in Dent County, Mo., and flows in a southerly direction 200 miles to Black River about 5 miles above Pocahontas, Ark. It emerges from the hills at the State line, 41.5 miles above its mouth, and thence flows in an alluvial basin in a very stable channel with width between banks of 180 to 275 feet. Here its slope is about five-tenths of a foot per mile and its low-water discharge about 1,250 cubic feet per second. The total drainage area is 2,800 square miles. Original condition.-The natural depths of the stream were not available for navigation because of snags throughout the entire river and of bowlders above the Missouri State line. Pitmans Landing, at the State line, was considered the head of steamboat navigation, although occasionally a boat went to Doniphan, 13 miles farther. Flatboats were run from Van Buren (94 miles above the mouth) and occasionally from Jacks Fork (33 miles farther) down to a steamboat connection-Pitmans Landing in high water, and to Pocahontas, on Black River, in low-water season. Logs and ties were floated loose from points as far as 80 miles above Van Buren. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 10, 1872. The expenditures thereunder and a further project adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881, were $7,000. For further details of previous projects, see page 1878, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the improvement of the river from its mouth to Van Buren, Mo., 94 miles, by snagging operations and by contracting the channel at the worst shoals by wing dams. The stream has an ordinary freshet fluctuation of 13 feet throughout the portion covered by the project and an extreme flood fluctuation of 26 feet at Van Buren, Mo., and of 22 feet at its mouth. The esti- mate of cost for new work is $10,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, authorized the maintenance of the improvement without statement of or reference to estimate for annual maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894 (Annual Report for 1891, p. 2065). A sketch map of the river is given in House Document No. 157, Fifty-first Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. 1Exclusive of available funds. 1070 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Local cooperation..-None. Terminal facilities.-Private-ownedlog slips and tie hoists for the use of the owners only exist at Van Buren and Doniphan. The lack of a free or open landing place at Doniphan convenient to a railway is represented as making the terminal facilities at that place inadequate for transfer of rafted commerce to railway cars. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong:, 2d sess.) Effect of improvement. Navigation has been made easier and safer throughout the portion of the river included in the project. All-year-round" navigation has been provided for boats of 3 feet draft to Duffs Ferry, 18 inches draft to Doniphan, and 10 inches draft to Van Buren. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-All operations were for maintenance by hired labor with Government plant. The snag boat Riverside worked up to State line in September and the snag boat Quapaw up to mouth of Little Black River in October, 1922. Together they removed 301 snags, 61 stumps and 9 saw logs from the channel and felled 498 trees. The expenditures during the year were $6,662.92, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Operations under this project have been limited to snagging operations below Doniphan, Mo., and to snagging operations and the removal of bowlders between Doni- phan and Van Buren, Mo. The controlling channel depths during the low-water periods of drought are 3. feet from mouth to Duffs Ferry, 31 miles; thence 14 inches to Caughorn Creek, 19 miles far- ther; and 8 to 10 inches from there to Van Buren, an additional 46 miles. Nothing has been done above State line for several years. The expenditures under the existing project are: For new work--------------- ------------------------ $10,000.00 For maintenance ------------ ------------ 80, 414.34 Total to June 30, 1923------------------------------ 90, 414. 34 Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended June 30, 1923, will be expended for maintenance by snagging operations below State line in the autumn of 1923. Those activities will absorb all available funds and there will not be an available balance June 30, 1924. The amount ($5,000) that can be profitably expended in the fis- cal year ending June 30, 1925, is for maintenance of channel by snag- ging operations ($4,000) and extensive repair to the snag boat River- side ($1,000). Commercial statistics.-All commerce reported arose from timber- ing industries and all reported is affected by the improvement. It consisted of logs in raft, 53.5 per cent; railway ties in raft, 41.2 per cent; and other forest products in barge, 5.3 per cent. Comparative statement. Calendar year. hort tons. Calendar year. Short tons.Estiated value. value. 1917 ....................... 16,762 $62,375 1920...................... 14,299 $106,486 1919 ..................... 11,052 48,915 1921 .................. ... 16, 614 85, 905 1919...................... 6,737 39, 486 19221.. ............... ... 15 323 92,197 1Includes 14,516 tons of rafted logs and railway ties valued at $88,805. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MEMPHIS, TENN., DISTRICT. 1071 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $76.95: New work ------------------------------------------ $17, 000, 00 Maintenance-------------------------- -------------- 80, 414. 34 Net total expended------- --------------------------- 97, 414. 34 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 101,335.00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work................. ............ . I .............. ............ Expended for maintenance 1.... $4,616.35 $2,357. 89 $1,996.30 $3,771. 88 6, 662.92 Appropriated or allotted........ 4,850.00 ............... 5,000.00 8,000.00 2,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-----------------------------$8, 583.58 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923 ___ ------------------------------------ 2, 000. 00 10, 583. 58 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance- 6, 662. 92 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------- ---------- --------- 3, 920. 66 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-------------- ------------- 141. 42 July 1, 1923, balance available--------------------------- --- 3, 779. 24 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance--------- ------ ------------------ 5, 000. 00 ;. ST. FRANCIS AND L'ANGUILLE RIVERS AND BLACKFISH BAYOU, ARK. Location and description.-The St. Francis River rises in St. Fran- cois County, Mo., and flows in a southerly direction 460 miles to the Mississippi River, 8 miles above Helena, Ark. It enters the alluvial valley of the Mississippi River through a gap in Crowleys Ridge at St. Francistown, 256 miles from the Mississippi. Thence it flows through the Sunken Lands for 83 miles in poorly defined channels, badly obstructed by aquatic growths, with banks so low that they are submerged for the greater part of the year, and with low-water widths ranging from one-fourth to 1 mile. The river begins to leave these swamp conditions at Claunch (Lester Landing), 191 miles from the Mississippi, with a gradual betterment of channel until it finally emerges from them at 158 miles from the Mississippi and 9 miles above Marked Tree, Ark. Below Marked Tree the river flows between well-defined banks, averaging about 18 feet high and 200 feet apart at Marked Tree and increasing to a height of 45 feet and a width apart of 1,000 feet at the mouth. The total drainage area is 9,500 square miles, with low-water flow of about 850 cubic feet a second at the mouth. There is no information of flood flows at the mouth. 1Exclusive of available funds. 61637-ENG 1923---68 1072 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The L'Anguille River has its source in the flat lands of Poinsett and Craighead Counties, Ark., whence it flows in a southerly direc- tion, cutting through Crowleys Ridge and entering the St. Francis Basin at Marianna and flowing into the St. Francis River 12 miles above the mouth of the latter. It has a drainage area of 975 square miles, practically all of which lies west of Crowleys Ridge. In the section below Marianna the width between banks averages 175 feet and the low-water flow about 60 second-feet; the range between high and low water, 53 feet, this range being due entirely to backwater from the Mississippi River. Blackfish Bayou rises in the west-central portion of Crittenden County, Ark., flows in a southwesterly direction, and empties into the St. Francis River about 38 miles above the latter's mouth. Its drain- age basin-all flat alluvial land-has an area of about 510 square miles. From the St. Francis River up to the mouth of Fifteenmile Bayou-6 miles-the Blackfish Bayou has low-water widths of 125 to 150 feet and controlling low-water depths of about 2 feet for the lower half of the distance and 8 to 10 inches for the upper half. Above the mouth of Fifteenmile Bayou it is narrow, crooked, and shallow. The low-water flow does not exceed 50 second-feet. There is no information available regarding the discharge at higher stages, which are dependent upon backwater from the St. Francis and Mis- sissippi Rivers. Original condition.-Navigation on the St. Francis River below the Sunken Lands depended largely upon the stage of the Missis- sippi River. At high stages boats were able to reach Claunch (Les- ters Landing); at medium stages they could reach Marked Tree; at low stages the river was not usable by boats, the channel depths being but 10 to 12 inches. Snags and sunken timber were the principal obstructions. From Claunch to head of Varney River, 46 miles, the river was not navigable because of aquatic growths and fallen tim- ber. From head of Varney River to Wappapello, 101 miles, the river was navigable by boats at medium and high stages, but badly choked with snags, drift jams, and overhanging timber. From about 40 miles above Wappapello it was usable for floating logs and ties. The L'Anguille River was much obstructed by snags and fallen timber, and its navigability was dependent upon the backwater from the Mississippi River. Marianna was the head of navigation, to which place boats of 3 feet draft could go when the Mississippi River was 15 or 16 feet above low stage. Blackfish Bayou was dependent for its navigability upon the back- water of either the St. Francis or the Mississippi River. It was ob- structed by snags, fallen timber, and overhanging trees. Frenchman Bayou, 2J miles above the mouth, was the head of navigation for boats of 1 feet draft at ordinary low water and for boats of 4 feet draft at medium stage. Fifteenmile Bayou, 6 miles above the mouth, was the head of navigation for all boats during high and flood stages, when boats of 5 to 7 feet draft could reach that point. Logs were floated from points 20 to 25 miles farther up the stream. All navigation above Frenchman Bayou ceased when the river was at 6 feet stage or lower. Previous projects.-The original project for improvement of St. Francis River was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871. For the period 1873-1882 the appropriationsfor the work RIVERS AND HARBORS-MEMPHIS, TENN., DISTRICT. 1073 were made in connection with White River, Ark., with no stated distribution of funds. Modifying or separate projects were adopted by river and harbor acts of June 14, 1880; July 5, 1884; August 11, 1888; June 13, 1902, the latter adding L'Anguille River to the im- provement. The expenditures for St. Francis River alone can not be stated for the period of its combination with White River, nor during its combination with L'Anguille. The expenditures that ap- plied solely to the St. Francis River in Arkansas for the period 1871-1902 were $75,000.34. The original project for L'Anguille River was adopted by river and harbor act of June 18, 1878. The expenditures under that pro- ject were $17,000. This improvement was added to St. Francis River improvement by river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. It is not practicable to state expenditures solely on L'Anguille during its combination with St. Francis River. The expenditures on it and St. Francis River to adoption of existing project in 1919 were $86,345.15. The original project for Blackfish Bayou was adopted by river and harbor act of June 25, 1910. (H. Doc. No. 73, 65th Cong., 1st sess.) The expenditures under that project were $4,000. The total expenditures, under such previous projects as applied solely to St. Francis River in Arkansas and to L'Anguille River and Blackfish Bayou prior to adoption of existing project in 1919, were $92,000.34 for new work and $90,345.15 ,for maintenance, a total of $182,345.49. For further details of previous projects, see pages 1878 and 1879, Annual Report for 1915, and page 1147, Annual Report for 1918. Existing project.-This provides for the removal of snags from St. Francis River from its mouth to Marked Tree; in L'Anguille River from its mouth to Marianna, and in Blackfish Bayou from its mouth to Fifteenmile Bayou, with the object of maintaining the channels clear of snags and similar obstructions at the lowest navi- gable stage. The estimate of cost, made in 1915, is $9,000 annually. Within the limits of the project, the St. Francis River has an ordi- nary freshet fluctuation of about 12 feet when not affected by back- water from the Mississippi River. The extreme flood fluctuation is about 26 feet at Marked Tree, gradually increasing to 60 feet at the mouth. These extreme flood fluctuations are produced by overflow and backwater from the Mississippi River. When not influenced by the flood stages of that river the maximum stage of the St. Francis below Marked Tree does not exceed 20 feet. The ordinary freshet fluctuation of L'Anguille River is about 6 feet and extreme flood range 50 feet at Marianna; this latter, however, is due to backwater from the Mississippi River. L'Anguille River when uninfluenced by the Mississippi River never has a fluctuation exceeding 12 feet. The fluctuation of stage in Blackfish Bayou is about 48 feet, due entirely to backwater from the Mississippi River. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 60, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map of these streams is in that document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are no municipal or public-owned im- proved wharves or landing along the river. At Parkin a railroad- 1074 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. owned log slip provides a means of transfer of rafted commerce to railway car. Log slips or chain conveyors for the use of the indi- viduals owning them exist at the several mills along the river. The present terminal facilities are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The principal benefit derived has been the lengthening of the navigation periods by reason of making the natural depths available for navigation at lower stages. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-All operations were for maintenance by hired labor with Government plant. From July 1 to December 30, 1922, the A. B. Johnson worked over the St. Francis River from Yellow Banks to the mouth, over Blackfish Bayou to mouth of Fifteenmile Bayou and over L'Anguille River to Marianna. The boat was laid up at Madison, Ark., on December 31, 1922. The expenditures during the year were $7,861.80, all for main- tenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Snagging operations have been the only activities under existing or previous projects. In the earlier operations under previous projects a limited amount of such work was done above Marked Tree. In late years all operations have been below that town. The channels within the limits of the project are in fine condition for navigation when at medium or higher stages. At low stage snags are the principal obstructions. Under average conditions boats of 4 feet draft can ply the St. Francis to Marked Tree until the middle of July, and boats of 2 feet draft until the latter part of August each year. During periods of lowest water, which generally occur in October and November, channel depths do not exceed 12 to 16 inches in any part of the river. The low-water depths in Blackfish Bayou to Fifteenmile Bayou and L'Anguille River to Marianna are but 6 to 8 inches. The navigation periods on those streams are controlled in the main by backwater stages from the Mississippi River. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1923, the navigation period for boats of 3 feet and greater draft was December 5, 1922, to the end of the fiscal year. During the period of lowest water--October and November-there were but 10 to 12 inches channel depths. From January 20, 1923, to the end of the fiscal year 6 feet and greater draft could have been taken to Marked Tree. The expenditures under the existing project to June 30, 1923, are $24,047.30; all for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended June 30, 1923, will be expended in snagging operations over the limits of the project in the autumn of 1923, and in care of plant in the winter and spring following. These activities will absorb all available funds and there will be no available balance June 30, 1924. The additional amount ($9,000) that can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, is for maintenance of channels, over the limits of the project, by snagging operations in the autumn of 1924, and for care and repair of plant in the high-water season of that fiscal year. Commercial statistics.-All commerce reported for the calendar year 1922 was affected by the improvement. No separation is made of the commerce carried on the three streams. The major part of RIVERS AND HARBORS-MEMPHIS, TENN., DISTRICT. 1075 that terminating at Marianna on L'Anguille River and all of that originating or terminating on Blackfish Bayou passes over portions of St. Francis River, therefore, to show the tonnage of each river separately would involve a duplication of tonnage. The commerce for the year was: Forest products towed or floated in raft, 96 per cent; forest products in barges of 2 to 6 feet draft, 3 per cent; and general freights, 1 per cent. During two weeks in August, three weeks in September, and all of October and November there was little or no navigation, because of the small channel depths of but 12 to 15 inches that existed ,then.. Comparative statemenfl t. Calendar year. Short tons Extiate Calendar year. Short tons. Estimated value. value. 1917................... 344,278$1,553,605 1920 ................... 317,506 $2,017,478 1918....................... 333,348 1,432,094 1921.................... 320,242 1,296,818 1919 .................... 200,112 237,206 1,226,898 19221...................... 1,168,685 'Includes 229,385 tons of logs, piling and railway ties in rafts valued at $1,013,550. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $199.50: New work -------- -------------------------------- $92, 000. 34 Maintenance -------------------- - - -- 114, 392. 45 Net total expended --------------------------------- 206, 392. 79 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 215, 737. 53 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work..................... ............... ...... ................. Expended for maintenance 1.. $4,596.38 $6,053.24 $3,096.16 $7,039.20 $7,861.80 Appropriated or allotted......... 9,500. 00 .............. 10,000.00 5,000.00 9,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------------------------$8, 206. 54 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923------------------------------------------------9, 000. 00 17, 206. 54 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for main- tenance ------------------ ---------------------------- 7, 861. 80 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------ 9, 344. 74 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities----------------------------- 295. 99 July 1, 1923, balance available__ ------------------------------- 9, 048. 75 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance----------- --------------------- 19, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1076 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, TU. S. ARMY, 1923. T. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS NOS. 1, 2, AND 3, UPPER WHITE RIVER, ARK. Location and description.-These works are on the White River, Ark., No. 1 being 1 mile below Batesville, Ark., and Nos. 2 and 3 being 7.8 and 19.7 miles, respectively, above that city. The drainage basin is hilly to mountainous, and the river is a flashy one. The high-water season generally occurs between February and June. Freshets have occurred in all the months of the year. The highest flood of record occurred in January-February, 1916. The depth of this flood on the crest of the dams was 25.1 feet on Dam No. 1, 26.3 feet on Dam No. 2, and 31.2 feet on Dam No. 3. The range between high and low water just below each of the dams is 37.9 feet at Dam No. 1, 36.5 feet at Dam No. 2, and 46.1 feet at Dam No. 3. Origictalcondition.-See Original condition of White River, page 1063. Previous projects.-See Previous project for White River, page 1874, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the construction of 10 fixed dams with concrete locks to give 4 feet navigation the year around. The river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, after providing for the completion of the third lock and dam, abandoned further construc- tion work, its language fixing the appropriation carried therein as the final one. The stream is nontidal, with an ordinary freshet fluc- tuation of 16 to 18 feet, and with an extreme flood fluctuation of 38 feet just below Lock No. 1 and of 51 feet at Calico Rock, 39 miles above Lock No. 3. The estimated cost for the 10 locks and dams originally projected was $1,600,000. The maintenance of the three that have been constructed is provided for under the permanent in- definite fund for operation and care of canals and other works of navigation under varying annual estimates. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act ap- proved March 3, 1899. (H. Doc. No. 78, 54th Cong., 2d sess.) The river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, directed the abandonment of further new work on the project. (H. Doc. No. 150, 59th Cong., 1st sess.) The locations, dimensions, etc., of the three completed locks and dams are as follows: Lock No. 1. Lock No. 2. Lock No. 3. Location......... ........ .. ..... .. Batesville......... Earnheart......... Walls Ferry. Distance from mouth of river.... ........ 300.6 miles. ....... 309.4 miles. ....... 321.3 miles. Dimensions of locks: Length available................. 147 feet........... 147 feet........... 147 feet. Width between walls................... 36 feet............. 36 feet........... 36 feet. Lift at low water............. .............13.5 feet............ 14 feet........... 15 feet. Depth on lower sill........................... 5.5 feet............. 5 feet............. 4 feet. Depth on upper sill .............. . 5 feet.......... .... do........... 5 feet. Foundations...................... Bedrock........... Bedrock.......... Bedrock. Dams: Kind of................ .............. Fixed...... .. Fixed............. Fixed. Type of construction................. Timber crib filled Timber crib filled Timber crib filled with stone. with stone. with stone. Length of .................. ......... 660. 5 feet.......... 658 feet........... 750.7 feet. Date of completion .................... 1904............. 1905............ 1908. Cost of construction .............. ... $278, 587.56........ $297, 627.94...... $236, 981.31. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MEMPHIS, TENN., DISTRICT. 1077 The approximate location of these locks and dams is shown on district map (sketch) printed in Annual Report or 1911, opposite page 1877. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are no municipal or publicly owned improved wharves or landings. Log slips, derricks, and conveyors exist at the several woodworking establishments, all for the indi- vidual use of the owners. The terminal facilities are adequate for the bulk of the present commerce. Effect of improvement.-This improvement provides dependable navigation depths for about 33 miles above Batesville. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-One hundred sixty-three and one-half feet of concrete cap was placed on Dam No. 1, completing the work of capping that dam. At Dam No. 2, a cofferdam was built preparatory to placing concrete cap on 260 feet of that dam next to the abutment. This work was discon- tinued, because of high water, to be resumed in the low season of the fiscal year 1924. Other operations were replacing sills for the lower gates at Lock No. 2 and remitering the gates; quarrying stone and assembling materials for placing the concrete cap on a part of dam No. 2; repairing buildings and plant and dredging 1,895 linear feet of channel. The expenditures were $39,277.75. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The new work accomplished to end of the fiscal year is the construction of the three locks and dams shown in tabulation under Existing project. Dam No. 1 has been converted into a concrete capped dam, as have been the cribs around the abutments. A concrete cap was placed on 223 linear feet of Dam No. 2 in the autumn of 1915, leaving 425 linear feet with timber facing. A cofferdam has been built at that dam prepara- tory to placing concrete cap on the portion of the dam next to the abutment. The apron crib below Dam No. 2 is in bad condition, a portion of its top having been loosened in the spring freshets of this year. Dam No. 3 is in fair condition as to condition of tim- bers; however, the sheathing on the upstream side is in bad condi- tion. The leakage through this dam is about 1,200 cubic feet a seconl. These works give, by the aid of dredging, all-year-round slack-water navigation for 3 feet draft from 1 mile below Bates- ville to Guion, 33 miles. The total expenditures are: For new work: Lock and Dam No. 1, completed January, 1904- _---- - $278, 587.56 Lock and Dam No. 2, completed February, 1905 ------------ 297, 627.94 Lock and Dam No. 3," completed February, 1908_--_------ 236, 981.31 Total for new work ____--------------------------- 813, 196.81 For maintenance under permanent indefinite appropriation------ 624, 430. 87 Total to June 30, 1923_-----------------------------1,437, 627. 68 Proposed operations.-The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Comnmercial statistics.-Forest products (principally rough cooperage carried in barges of 3 feet draft and moved an average 1078 REPOR' .OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. distance of 14 miles) made up 78 per cent of the total tonnage for the calendar year 1922. Comparative statement. Lock No. 1. Lock No. 2. Calendar year. 'Lockages. Short tons.. Estimated value, Lockages. Shorttons. Estimated value. 1918 .......................... 303 74 $1,783 255 3,610 $15,%0O 1919......................... 304 289 2,634 352 3,438 18,801 1920............................ 357 30 1,472 539 4,994 28,330 1921............................ 583 6 312 432 1,271 17,400 1922......................... 452 17 726 377 868 12,765 Net after eliminating Lock No. 3. Intrapool. duplications through different locks. Calendar year. Lockages. Short tons. Estimated Shor tonEstimated Short tonsEstimated value, value. value. 1918............... . 308 2,119 $9,556 1,094 $4,715 5,348 $26,491 1919............... 210 1,011 8,403 12,648 96,339 15,945 119,623 1920. ............. 231 2,174 10,250 4,981 16,708 10,019 46,500 1921............. .. 236 217 3,462 1,061 3,877 2,351 23,238 1922............... 280 684 10, 687 670 6,188 1,744 24,950 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED JULY 27, 1916 AUGUST 8, 1917, AND SEPTEMBER 22, 1922. The local engineer was charged with the duty of making prelim- inary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and har- bor acts of July 27, 1916, August 8, 1917, and September 22, 1922, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when re- ceived: 1. St. Francis River, Ark. and Mo., commencing at the head of what is known as the Sunk Lands, at or near the town of St. Francis, Clay County, Ark., and extending to the foot of said Sunk Lands, at or near the town of Marked Tree, Poinsett County, Ark; apd in making such examination and survey, which shall be thorougi and complete, the engineer or engineers having the same in charge shall also prepare plans, specifications, and make estimates of the cost of said improvement, and define the channel or the course of said canal, and shall take into account and make report upon any propo- sition by local interests for participation in the expense of said project in connection with the reclamation of contiguous lands or other land subject to overflow by said stream. 2. Black River, Ark. and Mo. 3. Black River, Ark. and Mo., above Black Rock, Ark., etc. 4. Arkansas River, in the vicinity of Star Lake, Okla. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE ST. LOUIS, MO., DISTRICT. This district includes the Mississippi River between the Ohio and Missouri Rivers, and removing snags and wrecks from the Missis- sippi River below the mouth of the Missouri River and from Old anid Atchafalaya Rivers. RIVERS AND HARBORS-ST. LOUIS, MO., DISTRICT. 1079 District engineer: Maj. DeWitt C. Jones, Corps of Engineers, to August 23, 1922, and Maj. Lunsford E. Oliver, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineer: Col. Charles L. Potter, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS. Page. Page. 1. Mississippi River between the 2. Removing snags and wrecks Ohio and Missouri Rivers__ 1079 from the Mississippi River below the mouth of the Mis- souri River, and from Old and Atchafalaya Rivers ___ 1085 1. MISSISSIPPI RIVER BETWEEN THE OHIO AND MISSOURI RIVERS. Location and description.-The Mississippi River rises in Lake Itasca, Minn., flows south 2,477 miles, and empties into the Gulf of Mexico. The St. Louis engineer district embraces the 200-mile section, known as the middle Mississippi, between the tributary Ohio and Missouri Rivers, and 1,078 to 1,278 miles from the Gulf. The drainage area of the valley down, to the Ohio and discharging through the district is about 707,000 square miles. At St. Louis the discharge in cubic feet per second for the low-water plane,' 1-foot gauge, is 40,000; at mean stage, 12.4-foot gauge, 150,000; at bank-full stage, 30-foot gauge, 600,000; and for the maximum flood plane about 1,250,000. The average natural depths available for navigation at the same stages are about 44-, 9, and 16 feet; i. e., the crests of the bars rise and fall with the stage in the ratio of 1 to 2+.. The oscilla- tion between annual low and high waters averages 40 feet at Cairo, mouth of Ohio River, and 254 feet at St. Louis, 17 miles below mouth of Missouri River; the extreme range is 55.7 feet at Cairo and 44.4 feet at St. Louis. Considering annual averages, river stage at St. Louis oscillates between low water (1.6 feet) and mean stage for 200 days and between mean stage and high water (27.1 feet) for 152 days. The low-water plane at the mouth of Ohio River is 274 feet above mean sea level and at the mouth of Missouri River it is 395 feet, the average slope being six-tenths foot per mile. The current at mean stage is about 24 miles per hour and the average width between banks is 4,300 feet. Original condition.-The waterway of the middle Mississippi was divided by numerous islands and bars, which distributed large por- tions of the flow through chutes, sloughs, and secondary channels to the detriment of navigation; at many of these localities the natural width of river was 1 to 1- miles and the maximum usable channel depth at low water was only 31 to 4 feet. Previous projects.-The original project for the general improve- ment of this river section was recommended by a board of engineers in a report dated April 13, 1872, concurred in by the Chief of En- gineers. The amount expended thereunder was $1,495,000 for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1879 of Annual Report for 1915. 1 One foot on St. Louis gauge, 3 feet on Commerce gauge, and 4 feet on Cairo gauge, the plane of reference, adopted in 1918, for district operations. " Standard low water," adopted in 1881, was 4 feet on the St. Louis gauge, the discharge being approximately 40,000 cubic feet per second; because of locally contracted waterway and consequent lowering of low-water plane that volume now passes at the 1-foot stage. 1080 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Existing project.-This provides for obtaining and maintaining a minimum channel depth of 8 feet at low water from the mouth of Ohio River (1,078 miles from the Gulf) to St. Louis, 183 miles, and 6 feet thence to the mouth of Missouri River, 17 miles, with a mini- mum width of channel of 200 feet, to be obtained by regulating works and dredging, as follows: First. By regulating works, for closing sloughs and secondary channels, narrowing the river to a uniform width of about 2,500 feet at bank-full stage, building new banks where the natural width is excessive, and by protecting new and old banks from erosion where necessary to secure permanency. Second. By dredging or other temporary expedients, pending the completion of the permanent improvement, so as to maintain each season the required low-water depth of channel. The project for regulating works was adopted in 1881 (Annual Report, 1881, p. 1536). Dredging was introduced as a part of the project by the river and harbor acts of 1896 and 1902. The part of the project which proposed regulating works was practically abro- gated by the acts of March 3, 1905, March 2, 1907, and joint resolu- tion of June 29, 1906. The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, restored the regulating works to the project and began appropria- tions "with a view to the completion of the improvement within twelve years," at an estimated cost of $21,000,000, exclusive of amounts previously expended, and $400,000 annually thereafter for mainte- nance. (H. Doe. No. 50, with accompanying atlas, 61st Cong., 1st sess., 1909; also H. Doc. No. 168, 58th Cong., 2d sess., 1903.) Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Although no local cooperation has ever been required by law, the United States participated with local interests in some of the first confining or regulating works of the district. For historical sketch see Annual Report, 1902, page 2607, and House Document No. 1067, Sixty-first Congress, third session, page 30. Since 1838 private and corporate interests at their own expense have constructed 45,700 linear feet of solid and, permeable dikes or wing dams costig $1,100,000, and 85,000 linear feet of bank protection, including various revetments, paved wharves, railroad inclines, termi- nal docks, and improved landings, costing $8,600,000. All of these structures contribute to the confinement and general improvement of the river and to the completion of the existing project. The Missouri-Illinois Railroad Co., Bonne Terre, Mo., contributed $10,000, May 3, 1923, toward the construction of new and the restora- tion of old regulating works in the vicinity of Little Rock Landing, Mo., for the purpose of removing a sand bar obstructing the railroad incline at that point, thus incidentally improving the alignment of the banks and channel and protecting from erosion the alluvial bank opposite in Illinois. T'eminal facilities.-The water terminal and transfer facilities of the district are fully described, as of December 31, 1918, in House Document No. 652, Sixty-sixth Congress, second session, pages 1211- 1239; in addition thereto, reference is made to Annual Reports, 1921, pages 1199-1200, and 1922, pages 1222-1223. A traveling coal and ore handling bridge, electrically operated river-rail terminal, capacity 500 tons per hour, bucket travel 450 feet "RIVERS AND HARBORS-ST. LOUIS, 'MO., DISTRICT. 1081 and storage height 50 feet, was erected at the foot of Malt Street, St. Louis, Mo., at a cost of $210,000 paid from the Emergency Shipping Fund. Effect of improvement.-Some of the resultant benefits to com- merce from the improvement are: (a) Larger and deeper draft boats and barges are now being used; (b) the difficulties and hazards of navigation have been reduced, 8-foot navigation throughout the low- est of low-water seasons being an accomplished fact; (c) freight rates by rail to points on Mississippi River and tributaries are much lower than to points only a few miles back from the rivers; freight rates by water are generally 80 per cent of the rail rates. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-Maintenance of existing regulating works, including such minor extensions and new works as were required for that purpose, was continued by hired labor, July 1 to December 13, 1922, and after January 6, 1923. At 10 locali- ties, 18 permeable dikes of piling, 4,665 linear feet, were repaired at a cost of $91,686.93; and at 3 localities, 2 new dikes and 2 exten- sions, 2,025 linear feet, were built, costing $47,300.13. Bank revet- ments were repaired at 18 localities, 1,275 squares of mattress and 4,569 squares of stone paving, costing $131,222.98; necessary new ex- tensions to bank revetments were made at 6 localities, 3,810 linear feet, 3,381 squares of mattress and 1,939 squares of stone paving, costing $156,506.87. The total thus expended for maintenance of regulating works was $426,716.91, and for new work $75,004.83. The district pipe-line hydraulic dredges, and the dipper dredge Daven- port leased from the Rock Island district, all operated by hired labor, July to April, maintained the required or project depths and width of channel; 1,706,200 cublic yards of sand and gravel were dredged from 22 main channel areas having a combined length of more than nine miles and an average width of 240 feet; the average gain in depth due to all dredging was 3J feet, and the total cost thereof $166,014.24. Surveys were made covering 196 miles of river, includ- ing all dredged channels; 28 miles were resurveyed, making a total of 224 river miles of hydrographic surveys, at a cost of $26,159.96. The total expended was $693,895.94; in addition $34,705.80 was ex- pended on account of liabilities due at the end of the previous year, making the total expenditures $728,601.74, of which $75,004.83 was for new work and $653,596.91 was for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 34 per cent completed. For physical extent of work accomplished and status and requirements of the project, see Annual Report, 1921, p. 1198. Because of the small and insufficient appropriations for this dis- trict in recent years, the regulating works have deteriorated rapidly and many sections thereof have been entirely destroyed; existing structures have been maintained in as good condition as the limited funds available therefor would permit. Between the mouth of Ohio River and St. Louis dredging 1 is always required during the fall or low-water season, from July or August to the close of naviga- tion by ice or winter conditions, usually in December, and is oc- casionally required in the spring season; project dimensions of chan- nel in that section of river have been maintained throughout navigation seasons for the last 15 years, except for short periods of SAnnual quantity of sand dredged, indefinite; in last 10 years, 500,000 to 8,000,000 cubic yards; average, 1,250,000 cubic yards. 1082 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. time when river stage was very low and dredges were attacking the obstructive bars. Between St. Louis and the mouth of Missouri River the project dimensions of channel have been maintained by action of the river with but very infrequent aid from dredging when river stage was unusually low. From the opening of the navigation season, usually in February, to July, inclusive, or, when river stage is above 10 feet on the St. Louis gauge, a minimum channel depth of 8 feet generally prevails throughout the entire district without dredg- ing or other artificial aid. For the natural depths available to navigation, see Annual Report for 1918, page 2733. The least chan- nel depths last observed were: From mouth of Ohio River to St. Louis, 10J feet, June 2, 1923, St. Louis gauge, 10.9 feet; from St. Louis to mouth of Missouri River, 12 feet, May 12, 1923, St. Louis gauge, 12.2 feet. The total expenditures under the existing project from 1881 to date are $9,955,271.62 for new work, and $9,129,845.96 for maintenance, including dredging and surveys, a total sum of $19,085,117.58. The amount expended on the existing project since the estimate was revised in 1910 is $1,194,853.92 for new work. Proposed operations.-Dredging,as needed to maintain the re- quirements of the project, and the repair and maintenance of exist- ing dikes and revetments, including such minor extensions and new works as may be required for that purpose, will be carried on throughout the coming fiscal year, except in winter when navigation is stopped by ice. The balance unexpended ($1,111,482.40) includ- ing $10,000 contributed under Local cooperation July 1, 1923, will be applied in the ensuing fiscal year, as follows: (a) Maintenance of channel, dredging by United States plant, operation, upkeep and care when idle of 4 pipe-line dredges and auxiliary plant, 24 dredge months, at $10,000, and 24 dredge months, at $2,000, by hired labor, and installations of oil burning equipment on 2 dredges, by contract and hired labor, $17,000_----------------------------_--------- $305, 000. 00 (b) Maintenance of existing regulating works and construction of necessary new work, by United States plant and hired labor_---- _ -------------------------------- 163, 455. 00 (c) Upkeep and care when idle of plant other than dredges, by hired labor, including installation of oil burning equipment on towboat King, by contract and hired labor-------------75, 000. 00 (d) New plant: 10 steel barges, at $20,000; 10 steel barges (filats), at $3,000; 5 steel pile drivers, at $15,000; steel pontons and pipe-line (replacement) of dredge Selma $30,000, by con- tracts; and 1 towboat at $100,000, by contract for hull and cabin and hired labor_-------------------- --- 435, 000. 00 (e) Office, engineering, surveys and gauges-------------------45, 000. 00 (f) Contingencies ---------------------------------------- 10, 000. 12 Payment of liabilities and contract obligations, July 1, 1923----- 78, 027. 28 1, 111, 482. 40 During the low-water season, July to December, inclusive, when maintenance of regulating works and dredging are actively pro- secuted, funds will be expended at the rate of $90,000 to $110,000 per month, depending upon the amount of dredging that may be required; a total of $50,000 will be expended in January and Feb- ruary on repairs and care of floating plant in winter harbors; for the period March to June, inclusive, expenditures for regulating works, new plant, and repair of plant should be about $400,000; that sum, however, will be reduced if a greater than average amount of dredging shall have been required in the fall. RIVERS AND HARBORS-ST. LOUIS, MO., DISTRICT. 1083 With the funds unexpended the project dimensions of channel will be maintained throughout the year, together with the needed repairs to the regulating works and a limited amount of new work tending toward the rectification of the channel and its easier main- tenance will be done. All funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. The sum of $1,000,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal. year ending June 30, 1925, as follows: (a) Maintenace of channel, dredging by United States plant, opera- tion, upkeep and care when idle of 4 pipe-line dredges and auxiliary plant, 24 dredge months, at $10,000, and 24 dredge months, at $2,000, by hired labor, and installation of oil burn- ing equipment on 2 nonpropelling dredges, by contract and hired labor, $17,000 ---------------------------------- $305, 000 (b) Maintenance of existing regulating works and construction of necessary new works, by United States plant and hired labor_ 305, 000 (c) Upkeep and care when idle of plant other than dredges, by hired labor-------------------------------------------75, 000 i(d)New plant: 4 steel barges, at $20,000; 10 steel barges (flats), at $3,000; 1 small steam towboat, at $45,000; 5 pile drivers, at $15,000; and steel pontons and pipe-line (replacement) for dredge Thebes, $30,000, by contracts___________________ _ 260, 000 (e) Office, engineering, surveys and gauges .....- 45, 000 (f) Contingencies-- -__'- ---- -- -- -- ---- 0,000 1, 000, 000 Commercial statistics.-River traffic in the calendar year 1922, was 66,963 tons greater in total tonnage than in 1921, of which 59,075 tons of the increase was garbage, downbound. The total downbound tonnage was 26,867 tons greater in 1922 than 1921. The upbound tonnage inm 1922 was 40,096 tons greater in 1922 than 1921. The principal items were animals and animal products, vegetable products, texile, wood, and paper, nonmetallic minerals, ores, metals and manufactures, machinery and vehicles, chemicals, garbage, and unclassified materials. The full project dimensions of channel were utilized, the draft of loaded- barges being generally 7 to 8 feet, and occasionally 9 feet. The improvement has greatly facilitated traffic, which shows a general increase in the last 5 years as indicated by the following: Comparative statement. Approxi- Calendar year. Short tons. mate value. Passengers. P g. value. Passengers Approxi- Calendar year. Short tons. mate 1918........... 264,149 $17,982,776 385,133 1921.......... 1481,151 47,481,764 832,963 1919........... 288,286 22,684,001 442,603 1922..........1548,114 43,193,152 1,945,642 1920.......... 1 363,082 30,870,399 447,704 1 Includes Government materials for river improvement work not included in previous years, 70,058 tons in 1920, 80,799 tons in 1921, and 95,274 tons in 1922. Financial summary. UNITED STATES FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $372,825.22: New work---------------------------------------$11, 450, 271. 62 Maintenance ------------------------------ 9, 129, 845.96 Net total expended-------------------------- -- 20, 580, 117. 58 Total appropriations to date of this report--- ------- 21,681, 599. 98 1084 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923, Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1' Expended for new work 1........ 34,360.58 $25,761.85 .............. $7,731.09 $75, 004.83 Expended for maintenance 1... 440, 791.40 490, 874.65 $487,922.09 491, 684.30 653, 596.91 Total expended 1.......... 475,151.98 516,636.50 487,922.09 499,415.39 728,601.74 Appropriated or alloted........... 800,000. 00 400,000. 00 400,000.00 915,000.00 800, 000. 00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---- --------- ------ $1, 021, 804. 32 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923 ------------------------------------ 800, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923-------------- 8, 279. 82 1,830, 084. 14 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 For new work-------------------------- $75,004.83 For maintenance-------------------------653, 596. 91 728, 601. 74- July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------------------- 1, 101, 482. 403 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-------------- $62, 612. 28 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts ------------------------------------ 5, 415. 00 68, 027. 28 July 1, 1923, balance available ---------------------------- 1, 033, 455. 12 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for comple- tion of existing project 1------------------------------ 87, 680,000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work ---------------------------------------- 500, 000.00 For maintenance____----------------- 500, 000. 00 Total ------------------------------------------ 1, 000, 000. 00 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work -------------------------------------------------- Maintenance -- -- Total contributions to date of this report--------------------- 10,000. 0 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........ ............ ........... ......... Expended for maintenance............... ............... ....... ........ ............ Appropriated or allotted............ ...... . .. ...................... .............. $10,000.00 Amount contributed by local interests for work at Little Rock Landing, Mo-------------------------------------------- $10, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-------------------------- 10, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities--------------------------- 10, 000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. '! Changed from amount stated in 1922 report, which was in error. Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-ST. LOUIS, MO., DISTRICT. 1085 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR MISSISSIPPI RIVER BETWEEN THE OHIO AND MISSOURI RIVERS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $872,825.22: New work-------------------------------------------- $11, 450, 271. 62 Maintenance --------- ------------------- 9, 129, 845. 96 Net total expended------------------------------ 20, 580, 117. 58 Total appropriations and contributions to date of this report___ 21, 691, 599. 98 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work'......... $34,360.58 $25,761.85 ........... $...7,731.09 $75,004.83 Expended for maintenance' ..... 440, 791.40 490,874.65 $487,922.09 491,684.30 653,596.91 . . . . . . .. . Total expended 1 475,151.98 516, 636.50 487,922.09 499, 415.39 728,601.74 Appropriated and contributed... 800,000.00 400,000.00 400,000.00 915,000.00 810,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ------------------------ $1, 021, 804.32 Amount allotted from War Department act approved Mar. 2, 1923 -------------------------- -- ------- 800, 000. 00 Funds contributed for improving Mississippi River near Little Rock Landing, Mo------------------------------------ 10, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923- ---- -- ___ 8, 279. 82 1, 840, 084. 14 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year:' For new work _--_____-- ____-- _-- $75, 004. 83 For maintenance---------------- --------- 653, 596. 91 *728, 601. 74 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_------- -------- __ 1, 111, 482. 40 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-___------- 72, 612. 28 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts ------------------------------------- 5, 415. 00 78, 027. 28 July 1, 1923, balance available-------- -------------------- 1, 033, 455. 12 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existint'project----------- ---------------------- 17, 680, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work--------------------------------------- 500, 000. 00 For maintenance ------------------------------------- 500, 000. 00 Total -------------------------------------- -- 1, 000, 000. 00 2. REMOVING SNAGS AND WRECKS FROM THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER BELOW THE MOUTH OF THE MISSOURI RIVER, AND FROM OLD AND ATCHAFALAYA RIVERS. Location and description-The Mississippi River rises in Lake Itasca, Minn., flows south 2,477 miles, and empties into the Gulf of Mexico. The St. Louis snagging district embraces that portion of the river between Head of Passes, and the mouth of Missouri River, 1,265 miles, 8 miles of Old River (present mouth of Red River), and 2 Exclusive of available funds. SNot deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1086 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 27 miles of Atchafalaya River from Red River to Melville, La.; total, 1,300 miles. Original condition.-Navigation of the river was seriously ob- structed by numerous snags, drift-heaps, etc., which had lodged in the channel and to which additions were made with each rise of the river. Many wrecks of flatboats, barges, and steamboats also obstructed the navigable channel and menaced life and property, the sinking of steamboats and other river craft by such obstructions having been of common occurrence. Previous projects.-For the removal of these obstructions general appropriations were made at irregular intervals as early as 1824. The amount expended prior to 1879, when the first definite allot- ment was made for the work, was approximately $358,627.35. For further details of previous projects see page 1880 Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This is a continuation of the plan adopted in 1879 and provides for the removal and destruction of snags, wrecks, drift-heaps, and other obstructions to navigation in the Mississippi River between Head of Passes (13 miles from mouth of South Pass) and mouth of Missouri River, and in Old and :Atchafalaya Rivers (35 miles) to Melville, La.; also for the felling of large trees on or near caving banks, thereby decreasing the number of snags to be destroyed thereafter. The work is done by the department's two large steel-hull snag boats, J. N. Macomb, built 1874, and H. G. Wright, built 1881, fitted with the necessary equipment and appliances and operated by Gov- ernment employees. Description of these boats may be found in Annual Report for 1894, pages 1568-1569, and for 1895, page 2054, et seq. Annual appropriations or allotments were made for this work, 1879 to 1886, inclusive, except in 1883 and 1885. A continuous an- nual expenditure of $100,000, or as much thereof as might be neces- sary for the maintenance of this service, was authorized by section 7 of the river and harbor act of August 11, 1888, and has been avail- able each year to the present time. In addition thereto, and to cover costs greatly increased by war conditions, an appropriation of $50,000 was made in the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, and allotments of $25,000 and $20,000 were made from War De- partment appropriation acts approved June 30, 1922, and March 2, 1923, respectively. No modification of the project has been made since its adoption, except that the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909, included in the district to be served the Atchafalaya and Old Rivers from their junction with the Mississippi and Red Rivers to Melville, La. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-Forinformation under this heading reference should be made to the report on improving the Mississippi River between Ohio and Missouri Rivers and to reports of the Mississippi River Commission and district engineers thereunder. Effect of improvement.-The work done has greatly increased the safety of life and property employed in navigation and thereby has been of great benefit to commerce. RIVERS AND tIARBORS-ST. LOUIS, MO., DISTRICT. 1087 Operations and results during fiscal year.-The entire district except that portion between ITead of Passes and Baton Rouge, La., in which work was not required, was patrolled and cleared of ob- structions by the two snagboats. TheH. G. Wright was in commis- sion July 8 to January 4, making five round trips from St. Louis- three to mouth of Missouri River, one to Natchez, Miss., and one to Baton Rouge, La.-with side trip into Old and Atchafalaya Rivers to Melville, La. The J. N. Macomb was in commission August 4 to March 7, and also made five round trips from St. Louis, three to mouth of Missouri River and two to Melville, La., one of the latter being extended to Baton Rouge, La. On these trips 3,327 snags, 19 drift heaps, and 6 wrecks were destroyed in a total of 8,070 miles patrolled; at other times the boats were laid up with greatly re- duced crews because of lack of funds. The amount expended during the fiscal year was $122,011.67, of which $87,181.76 was on account of the fiscal year 1923, and $34,829.91 on account of liabilities for the fiscal year 1922. .Condition at end of fiscalZyear.-No estimate of time to complete or of total cost can be made, as new obstructions are brought into the river by each new freshet and require removal at least yearly. Many of the old wrecks have been removed, but others become ob- structive as the channel changes and must be removed, as must new wrecks as they occur, although the district is now so efficiently and thoroughly patrolled that disasters caused by vessels striking channel obstructions seldom occur. The controlling depths during the last low water were: From mouth of Missouri River to St. Louis, 8 feet; St. Louis to mouth of Ohio River, 8 feet; thence to Head of Passes, 9 feet. The total expenditures under the existing project are $3,782,780.79. Proposed operations.-Theplan being continuous and new obstruc- tions being brought down by each new freshet in the river, the per. manent annual appropriation of $100,000 provided by the act of August 11, 1888, and the remainder of the allotment from the War Department appropriation act of March 2, 1923, will be applied to the removal of obstructions, as follows: (a) For operation and maintenance of 2 snagboats, 10 snagboat months of operation, at $6,500, and 14 snagboat months, at $2,000, and installation of new boilers, $5,000, all by hired labor; and installation of oil-burning equipment, by contract and hired labor, $17,000---------------------------- $115, 000 (b) Office, engineering, and contingencies .----------------------- 4, 416 119,416 To operate both snagboats during the entire snagging season a total annual appropriation of $125,000 is necessary because of the greatly increased costs of materials and labor in operation and main= tenance of plant. For the fiscal year 1925, $25,000 can be profitably expended for this work in addition to the $100,000 regularly and continuously pro- vided under the act of August 11, 1888. Commercial statistics.-See preceding report for Mississippi River between the Ohio and Missouri Rivers. 61687--NG 1923-69 1088 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $12,844.52: _ New work, - --......- ,, ............. Maintenance- ---- --------- $4, 141, 408. 14 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------4, 178, 882. 32 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work..................................... Expended for maintenance I..... $117,972.71 $139,987.90 $98,923.57 $90, 661.01 $122,011.67 Appropriated or allotted........ 150,000.00 100,000.00 100,000.00 125,000.00 120, 000. 00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------------$37, 483. 43 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act, approved August 11, 1888--------- --------------------------------- 100, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923------- ------------------- 20, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 ----------------- 2,002.42 159, 485.85 June 30,1 - 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- ---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nanee - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 122, 011. 67 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ---------------------- 37, 474. 18 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities--.------------ $8, 985. 27 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts__ 8, 160. 00 17, 145. 27 July 1, 1923, balance available------ ----------------------- 20, 328. 91 Amount appropriated by river and harbor act approved August 11, 1888, .available for fiscal year 1924 .-----.-------- __- __ 100, 000. 00 Amount available for fiscal year 1924 ---------- ----------- 120, 328. 91 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance and operation of snagboats --------- 25, 000. 00 IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE ROCK ISLAND, ILL., DISTRICT. For the actual construction and operation and care of the com- pleted structures, the river is divided into two sections under the immediate supervision and direction of district engineers at Rock Ihland and St. Paul. The Rock Island section extends from the mouth of Missouri River to the mouth of Wisconsin River, a distance of 446 miles, and includes locks at Keokuk, Moline, and at the Le Claire Canal (not completed); the St. Paul section extends from the mouth of the Wisconsin River to Minneapolis, a distance of 218 miles. The St. Paul section was transferred from the Rock Island district on December 1, 1919. District engineers: At Rock Island, Ill., Maj. B. C. Dunn, Corps of Engineers; at St. Paul, Minn., Maj. E. H. Marks, Corps of Engineers, until January 31, 1923, and Maj. C. F. Williams, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineer: Col. Chas. L. Potter, Corps of Engineers. I Not deducting receiptse from sales, etc. 2Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-ROCK ISLAND, ILL., DISTRICT. 1089 IMPROVEMENTS. Page. Page. 1. Mississippi River between 5. Operating snag boats and Missouri River and Minne- dredge boats on upper Mis- apolis, Minn- ... ...... 1089 sissippi River and tribu- 2. Operating and care of lock tarie -------------- -- 1104 and dry dock at Keokuk, 6. Operating and care of' lock Iowa (formerly Des Moines and dam in Galena River, Rapids Canal)-----------_ 1099 Ill--------------------- 1105 3. Operating and care of lock 7. Operating and care of Illinois and dam at Moline, I11ll___ 1100 and Mississippi Canal, Ill__ 1106 4. Operating and care of Le Claire Canal, Iowa-- ---- _ 1102 1. MISSISSIPPI RIVER BETWEEN MISSOURI RIVER AND MINNE- APOLIS, MINN. Location and description.-The length of the section included in the project from the Missouri River to the Twin City Lock and Dam (Lock and Dam No. 1) is 664 miles; to the head of navigation at the Washington Avenue Bridge, 669 miles; and the distance from its lower end to the mouth of river is about 1,275 miles. The drainage area above St. Paul is 32,719 square miles and just above the mouth of the Missouri River 164,138 square miles. The low-water discharge at St. Paul is 2,500 second-feet and above the Missouri River about 40,000 second-feet. The high-water discharge at Rock Island in 1880 was 251,348 second-feet (stage 18.6), and at Muscatine in 1916, 211,000 second-feet (stage. 17). The current is gentle, except on the Rock Island Rapids, the average fall being 0.576 foot to the mile; on the rapids 1.48 feet to the mile. The width between banks varies from 1,000 feet at St. Paul to about 5,000 feet at mouth of Missouri River. Original condition.-This portion of the river was available to navigation to the upper end of the district, about on the lower boundary line of Minneapolis, but at low stages the larger boats were unable to proceed farther upstream than La Crosse or Winona, and in many instances at points much lower down their progress was checked or seriously hindered. Between the Missouri River and the mouth of the St. Croix River there were 185 bars, affording in some low-water years 3 feet or less, and in the section from Minneapolis to the St. Croix, about 36 miles long, nearly every crossing (25) was shoaler than 3 feet, in some cases only 30 inches or even less in avail- able depth. The Rock Island Rapids, about 14 miles in length, and the Des Moines Rapids, 12 miles, were absolutely 'unnavigable at very low stages, but both of these rapids were improved prior to commencement of the general improvement, the former to 4 feet at extreme low water by rock excavation, the latter to 5 feet by lateral canal and rock excavation. Previoug projects.-The original project, commonly alluded to as the 41 foot project of 1878, comprises a series of partial projects covering appropriations granted from year to year, the first appro- priation having been made in the river and harbor act of June 18, 1878, and continued until the existing project was inaugurated in 1907. The amount expended on this series of projects was $12,108,- 965.40. Several minor projects, including the improvement of the Rock Island and Des Moines Rapids, increase the amount expended 1090 REPORT OF OCHIEF OF ENGINEEBS, U. S. ARMY, 1923, on all projects prior to commencement of work on the existing proj- ect in 1907 to $19,105,085.62. For further details of previous projects see page 1880 of Annual Report for 1915. EwSting project.-This provides for a channel depth of 6 feet, with width varying and increasing from 300 feet at St. Paul to 1,400 feet between the Illinois and Missouri Rivers, to be obtained by means of contraction works consisting of wing or spur dams for narrowing the main channel of the river and closing dams for clos- ing side chutes, said dams to have a crest elevation of 4 feet at low water above Quincy and of 6 feet below Quincy to the Missouri River; by rock excavation, auxiliary dredging, and the dredging of channels to landing places, whether on the main river or subsidiary sloughs, repairs to work constructed under previous projects, and by a lock and dam at Keokuk and two locks and a lateral dam at Rock Island Rapids. The work originally contemplated at the Des Moines Rapids, as also river improvement from Montrose to Burlington, Iowa, about 31 miles, has been made unnecessary by the dam of the Mississippi River Power Co., at Keokuk, Iowa, which forms a lake of ample depth. Ordinary high water may be placed at 10 feet, and extreme high water at about 20 feet, but no modifications of these ranges due to works of improvement have occurred. This portion of the river is nontidal. The estimate of cost for new work, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects, but including $930,000 for maintenance during construction, revised in 1921, is $27,000,000. The original estimate for maintenance, after construction, is $300,000 per annum, no revision of which is practicable at present. Table showing important features of locks and dams at Keokuk, Iowa, Moline, Ill., and Le Claire Canal, Rock Island Rapids. from Distance Length of lock Greatest Depth Depth on Designation Distance from neest outh betw mty. Missouri chamber chanm- ber. o available lenh for full Liftat onupper lower low water. sill at low sill at lo River. miter sills, width. water.lowr. water. 1 Miles. Miles. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. Keokuk .............. 0 173 400 110 358 40.35 8.0 7.0 (Keokuk.) Moline................... 1 299 350 80 294.4 7.5 6.0 6.0 (Moline.) Le Claire Canals....... 10 305 370 80 320 5.5 8.0 7.0 (Davenport.) Designation. Founda- tion. dam.of Kind dam. in Material Year pletedCOm- Gates, material. ate, Cost of lock. Keokuk l......... Limerock.. Fixed... Concrete.... 1913 Steel.... Lower gates miter- $640,868 ing; upper gates floating (2 sets). Moline.......... ... do..... .. do.... Broken rock 1907 Wood... Mitering.......... 198,763 and sand. Le Claire Canals.. .. do ...... do... .... do..... (s) Steel .........do .......... 350,000 1This lock and dam was constructed by the Mississippi River Power Co. and turned over to the United States under the requirements of the act of Feb. 9, 1905. s Lock opened to navigation Nov. 29, 1922; not completed. S96 per cent completed. 4 Estimated. RIVERS AND HARBORS--IOCK ISLAND, ILL., DISTRIOT. 101I The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 341, 59th Cong., 2d sess.), and amended by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, which provided for dredging channels to landing places on the main river and sub- sidiary sloughs. The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, specified a time limit for completion of this project of 12 years. The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1914, pages 2448, 2452, and 2454, which shows the section from the mouth of the Missouri River to Minneapolis on a very small scale. No map showing the improvement at either Keokuk or the Le Claire Canal has been published. The latest published maps of the locality at Moline are in House Document No. 397, Fifty-eighth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-On June 22, 1921, it was recommended that further improvement of the Mississippi River at Fort Madison, Iowa, is deemed advisable to the extent of repairing at once the launch harbor, at an estimated cost of $10,000, and con- structing a breakwater 450 feet in length, at an estimated cost of $31,000, when the city shall have provided a modern river terminal near the foot of Pine Street. (See H. Doc. No. 96, 67th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-The Mississippi River Power Co. has con- tributed, under the requirements of the act of February 9, 1905, channel improvement by rock excavation at Keokuk, together with a lock, dry dock, lock grounds, buildings, and other appurtenances, at an aggregate cost of about $1,162,324 (see p. 1021 of Annual Re- port of 1915). For information concerning the lock see paragraph Existing proj- ect, page 1164 of Annual Report of 1918; for dry dock see para-* graph Local cooperation, page 1168, Annual Report of 1918. Terminal facilities.-There are no terminal facilities, except that at Alton a transfer unit has been installed with railroad connections and an expeditious method of moving freight to and from cars or wagons and boats. This transfer is owned by a railroad company. A commencement has been made by construction of sea walls, and in some cases installation of railroad tracks, at St. Paul, Minneapo- lis, Davenport, and Muscatine. All of these proposed terminals are municipally owned and will be available for public use. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Transportationhas been made easier and a number of medium-sized boats have been rebuilt and enlarged to give greater carrying capacity. It is not expected that the improve- ment will have an appreciable effect upon freight rates of rail or water-borne commerce until terminal facilities are developed. A total of 339 private vessels occupied the twelve harbors of refuge in this district. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Open-channel work in the construction, care, repair, and maintenance of dams and shore protections was carried on by hired labor and use of Government plant during the calendar year 1922 in vicinity of Zumbro River, Minneiska, Chimney Rock, above Fountain City, below Genoa and Lynxville, above Deadmans Bar, below Gordons Ferry, head Belle- vue Slough, mouth of Apple River, above Cordova, mouth of Rock 1092 REPORT OF GHIEF OF ENGINEERS U. S. ARMY, 1923. River, at Port Louisa and Keithsburg, below Alexandria, vicinity of Hammond Landing, opposite Canton, and in vicinities of Hog- back, Sterling, Squaw, Eagle Nest and Maple Islands. There were built 24 wing dams of an aggregate length of 13,573 feet, 1 closing dam, 730 feet, and 4 pieces of shore protection, 6,235 feet; 19 dams were extended, 1,905 feet, and 2 pieces of shore protection, 880 fet. There were repaired 46 dams and 7 pieces of shore prbtection. Material put in place in above-mentioned work amounted to 99,643.5 cubic yards rock and 170,345.5 cubic yards brush, at a cost, including overhead and plant charges, of $389,231.90 for new work (including repairs to dams and shore protection built prior to 1907) and $14,201.65 for maintenance; total, $403,433.55. Of the dams, 8 were provided with sand foundation by pipe-line dredges. No contract work was performed during the year. Dipper dredge Davenport was placed in commission May 8, dredg- ing for private purposes in vicinity of Bayport, Minn. Channel dredging was in progress between May 16 and September 9 at St. Paul, Minn., and Grey Cloud Island (miles 18-19). One cut was made along the St. Paul levee from Jackson to Sibley Streets. Dredging depth, 6 to 8 feet below low water; average width of cuts, 28 and 40 feet. Total material dredged amounted to 83,768.9 cubic yards sand, gravel, bowlders, and sewage (exclusive of dredging at Bayport), at a cost, including overhead and plant charges, of $22,- 855.91, or $0.273 per cubic yard. The Davenport was rented to the St. Louis District on December 1, 1922. Pipe-line dredge Pelee was employed between May 10 and August 4 dredging channel in vicinities of Islands 15, 17, and 18 (miles 21, .22, and 23), and at head of Lake Pepin (mile 56). Dredging depth, 8 'feet below low water; average width of cuts, 100 and 200 feet. Total material dredged amounted to 274,407 cubic yards sand, at a cost, including overhead and plant charges, of $31,677.47, or $0.115 per cubic yard. Pipe-line dredge Vesuvius began operations May 18 and continued same until August 1, dredging channel in vicinity of Winona, Minn. (miles 115-116). Cuts aggregated 12,510 feet in length. dredging being done to a depth of 9 feet below low water. Total material dredged amounted to 230,470 ,cubic yards sand, at a cost, including overhead and plant charges, of $29,636.12, or $0.128 per cubic yard. At the Rock Island Rapids operations were continued in con- struction of Le Claire Canal and Lock. The canal was officially opened to navigation November 29, the lock being operated by hand, pending installation of electrical operating machinery. Consider- able work remains to be done in widening the channel in the canal proper and approaches to same, completing back filling, drainage, fencing, etc. During calendar year 1922 work was in progress as follows: Completion of drilling and blasting rock in lower approach to lock, a total of 43,003 cubic yards being loosened; to date, 80,818 cubic yards. Cost per cubic yard for drilling and blasting was $1.83. Sand overlying rock in lower approach was removed by pipe-line dredge Geyser; quantity, 129,221 cubic yards, at a cost of $0.176 per cubic yard. Excavation by dipper dredge Keokuk and St. Paul was in progress in lower approach to lock and .in pits Nos. 1 and 2 of canal prism. A total of 201,804 cubic yards rock, RIVERS AND HARBORS-ROCK ISLAND, ILL.,. DISTRICT. 1093 sand, and gravel was removed; to date, 264,588 cubic yards. Cost per cubic yard for dipper-dredge excavation was $0.38. Material from pipe-line and dipper-dredge excavation was used in construc- tion of dams and shore protection in vicinity of Cordova, for back filling. lock walls, construction of lower guide wall to lock, and wasted outside of channel limits. Pouring concrete for lock was completed, a total of 15,258 cubic yards being deposited; to date, 17,734 cubic yards. Lock gates, valves, and operating machinery, purchased under contract, were erected and installed by hired labor. Erection of lock buildings was virtually completed and same occupied. No rock excavation in the main river channel was done during calendar year 1922, the plant being used in connection with Le Claire Canal construction. Expenditures during the calendar year 1922 on the Rock Island Rapids improvement, including all charges, were as follows: Designation. Calendar To Dec. 31, year 1922. 1922. Le Claire Canal...................... ..... ................. ...... $406, 268.33 81, 854, 200.68 Rock excavation...................................................0.00 957,100.86 Total.................. ................................. 406, 268.33 2, 811,301.54 Under special authority granted the Engineer Department, opera- tions by hired labor and use of Government plant were commenced October 16 and continued throughout the calendar year in repairing the piers of the Government bridge at Rock Island. Reimburse- ment for this work is to be made by the Ordnance Department, for which an allotment of $141,000 was granted by the War Department appropriation act of June 30, 1922. The work referred to is the strengthening of 5 piers by encasing each in a reinforced concrete jacket, anchored to the present masonry by iron rods, the concrete to be deposited in the dry by building cofferdams. Operations to Dec- ember 31 consisted in completion of cofferdams inclosing Piers Nos. 1, 2, and 3 (numbered from Iowa shore), drilling holes in masonry and inserting rods, pumping out pit of Pier No. 1, and depositing 137 cubic yards concrete for base. Eight pipe-line dredges were employed at different localities be- tween Minneapolis and the Missouri River in dredging for widening and deepening channels, pumping sand for base of dams, for back- filling lock walls at Le Claire Canal, and dredging for private pur- poses. Some dredging was done in Moline Pool for Ordnance De- partment (6,454 cubic yards), and filling break in Flint Creek- Iowa River Levee for Mississippi River Commission (29,312 cubic yards). Dredging was also done at Moline Lock (139,801 cubic yards), at Locks Nos. 29, 30, and 32, Illinois and Mississippi Canal (71,416 cubic yards), and in winter harbors at Dubuque (64,118 cubic yards), Quincy Bay (6,305 cubic yards), and Alton Slough (31,257 cubic yards). In all there were handled 1,564,820 cubic yards of material, mostly sand. On the general improvement there were dredged 1,317,837 cubic yards, at a cost, including all charges, of $163,657.60, or $0.124 per cubic yard. 1094 REPORT OF CHIEB OF ENGINEnS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. In 1923 operations in the Mississippi River between Minneapolis and Wisconsin River may be briefly stated as follows: Work was done on the ice during January and February under written agreements for the construction and repair of dams and shore protections in the vicinity of Belvidere Island (mile 93); Fountain City, Wis. (mile 108); Winona, Minn. (miles 119, 120, and 121); La Crosse, Wis. (miles 140 and 144) ; Genoa, Wis. (mile 165); and Charme, Wis. (mile 199). Seven closing dams, two trailer dams, and six wing dams were repaired. One wing-dam extension and nine wing dams were constructed with a total length of 3,280 linear feet. Five shore protections were repaired and two constructed. Material used consisted of 16,363.6 cubic yards of rock and 39,837.8 cubic yards of brush. Open-channel work in the construction and repair of dams and shore protections was carried on by hired labor and use' of Government plant during May and June at Hastings, Minn., and at Belvidere Island. There were built 4 wing dams, one wing-dam extension, and one trailer dam of an aggregate length of 3,170 feet. Material used, 10,095.9 cubic yards of riprap rock and 29,544.3 cubic yards of brush. Dipper dredge Davenport was employed removing gravel and mud bar at McGregor, Iowa, &nd detached shore protections and bowlders at Lansing, Iowa, La Crosse, Wis., and La Moille, Minn. Cubic yards of material removed, 22,173.4. Pipe-line dredge Pelee was employed on channel dredging at Red Rock (mile 9), Pine Bend Landing (mile 17), and St. Paul Park (mile 11), where 150,536 cubic yards of sand were removed. Channel dredging by pipe-line dredge Vesuvius was carried on in vicinity of Winona (miles 114-115) and Reads, Minn (mile 77), there being removed 172,008 cubic yards of sand. Necessary re- pairs to plant were made. For operations in 1923 in the district Wisconsin River to mouth of Missouri River, the following synopsis is given: During February a small amount of work in construction of dams was done on the ice in vicinity of Wyalusing, Wis., and Buena Vista and Spechts Ferry, Iowa. One closing dam and one wing dam were constructed and two wing dams commenced, 3,735.2 cubic yards of rock and 12,826.3 cubic yards of brush being put in place. Work on Le Claire Canal was continued. Dipper dredges Keo- kuk and St. Paul were employed dredging .channel in lower ap- proach to lock and removing cross cofferdams in canal prism. Ma- terial dredged amounted to 1,385.2 cubic yards rock (solid measure) and 54,369 cubic yards sand, gravel and mud (loose measure). Dril- ling and blasting rock in upper approach was practically completed, 4,427 cubic yards rock (solid measure) being drilled and blasted by drill boat 426. Construction of lower guide wall and back filling lock grounds was in progress, and construction of lock closing dam was practically completed, material put in place in work mentioned amounting to 47,494 cubic yards rock, sand and gravel. The lock, gates, and valves, including electrical installation for operating same, as also construction of controller house and lock residences, were completed. Repairs to piers of Rock Island Bridge were Continued, result- ing in completion of Piers Nos. 1, 2, and 3 from the Iowa shore, in which a total of 1,328 cubic yards concrete was deposited. RIVERS AND HARBORS--ROCK ISLAND, ILL., DISTRICT. 1095 Construction and repair of dams and shore protections by hired labor and use of Government plant was :carried on at different lo- calities between Arnolds Landing and Maple Island. Eleven wing dams and four closing dams were constructed; one wing dam, one closing dam and two pieces of shore protection were begun; seven wing dams, six closing dams and one piece of shore protection were repaired. There were put in place in this work 28,211.8 cubic yards rock and 56,258.5 cubic yards brush. Expenditures during the fiscal year were $1,142,924.78 for new work and $68,037.62 for maintenance; total, $1,210,962.40. Condition at end of fiscal year.-At the end of the fiscal year the proportion of the project completed was about 53 per cent. The results in increased depth were satisfactory, considering the amount of improvement work done during the year. Table showing total lengths of river in the indicated section affording 6-foot depth at standard low water of 1864, also lengths of river affording less than 6 feet depth, and, further, the controlling depths on June 30, 1923. Afford- Afford- Lenth ing 6 ing less Project- Control Sections. o feet at feet at nelan- lin section. low low wi depts. water. water. Miles. Miles. Miles. Feet. Feet. St. Paul (Omaha Bridge) to Prescott................ 29.7 23.7 6.0 300 5.0 Prescott to foot of Lake Pepin.................... . 47. 6 46.2 1.4 600 5.0 Foot of Lake Pepin to Alma........................ 10. 7 10.4 0.3 525 6.0 Alma to Genoa............................... 74.3 72.8 1.5 625 5.0 Genoa to Wisconsin River ....................... 49. 4 48. 2 1. 2 700 5. 2 Wisconsin River to Rock Island Rapids.............. 136.4 122.1 14.3 900 4.8 Rock Island Rapids................... ...................14.3 14.3 0.0 250-300 6.0 Rock Island to Keokuk ................................ 121.6 114. 8 6.8 1, 000 5.0 Keokuk to Hannibal....... ..... ................... 56.1 52. 2 3.9 1,000 5.5 Hannibal to Illinois River...................... 95.1 86.5 8.6 1,200 5.0 Illinois River to Missouri River. ................... 22. 8 20. 4 2. 4 1,400 5. 0 Total............... .................. 658.0 611.6 46.4 ............... Of the three locks and dams in the project (see table in paragraph Existing project), two are fully completed and in operation; one (Le Claire Lock and Dam) was opened to navigation, but is not entirely completed, work remaining to be done consisting of sur- facing dam, completion of lock wall backfill, and construction of fencing and sheer boom in lower approach. During April, May, and June, a draft of approximately 7 feet is usually practicable with a gauge reading of 5 feet; during July,. August, September, and October, a draft of about 5 feet usually obtains, with a gauge reading of 2 feet. The work remaining to be done to complete the 6-foot project is the regularization of about 157 miles of river, including dams, shore protections, and auxiliary dredging, coupled with necessary repairs and maintenance, and the completion of the Le Claire Canal, and rock excavation at the Rock Island Rapids. The expenditures to June 30, 1923, have been $13,902,043.65 for new work and $401,000.29 for maintenance, a total of $14,303,043.94. Proposed operations.-With the funds unexpended it is proposed to continue operations on the 6-foot project by hired labor and Gov- 1096 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. ernment plant, materials to be purchased under competition. Spur and closing dams and shore protections will be built and repaired; pipe-line dredges will be employed for auxiliary and maintenance dredging and for sand-fill dams; dipper dredges will be used for re- moving gravel and bowlder bars and detached shore protections, and also for rock excavation in connection with a steam drill boat, and floating plant will be repaird, constructed, and purchased, as follows: 1. Twin City Lock and Dam to Omaha Bridge, St. Paul (6j miles)- $4, 000.00 One dipper dredge will be operated to clear the approach to the lock. 2. St. Paul to Winona, Minn (116 miles) -------------------- 163,991.38 Two plant units will be operated for building, repa'iring and maintaining brush and rock closing and wing dams and shore protections. Two pipe-line dredges will be operated to provide navigable depth on bars where improvement work has not been completed, and on maintenance dredging. There are numerous bars in this section of less than 6 feet depth at low water, the controlling depth being about 5 feet, and the aggregate length of channel having a low- water depth of less than 6 feet about 8.2 miles. Among the locations requiring improvement are St. Paul Park, Robinson Rocks, Pine Bend, Nininger, Hastings, Alma, Bel- videre, and vicinity of Minneiska and Winona. 3. Winona to Wisconsin River (95 miles) ----------------------- 4, 000. 00 One dipper dredge on auxiliary and maintenance dredging. The ruling depth in 1922 was about 5.2 feet at low water and the aggregate length of channel having a low-water depth of less than 6 feet about 2.2 miles. The locations requiring improvement are Lynxville and Valley Crossing. 4. Wisconsin River to Le Claire (136 miles) --- ___ - - 72, 957. 04 One plant unit will be operated for building, repairing, and maintaining brush and rock closing and wing dams and shore protections. Two pipe-line dredges will be used on auxiliary and maintenance dredging and the construction of sand-fill dams. The ruling depth in 1922 was about 4.8 feet, and the aggregate length of channel having a low- water depth of less than 6 feet about 14.3 miles. The lo- cations requiring improvement are: Clayton, Buena Vista, Spechts Ferry, Apple River, Dark Slough, Elk River, above Lyons, below Camanche, and above Cordova. 5. Rock Island Rapids (14 miles) --------------------------- 50,000. 00 It is proposed to operate one drill boat, 2 dipper dredges, and attendant plant on rock excavation in the Le Claire Canal and in the open channel of the approach. Estimated cost of operation, $40,000. At the Le Claire Lock the grounds will be completed, con- sisting of backfilling, drainage, fencing, and sheer boom built in the lower approach. Estimated cost, $10,000. 6. Rock Island to Burlington (79 miles) ---------------------- 50, 000. 00 It is proposed to operate one plant unit for the construction, " repair and maintenance of rock and brush dams and shore protections. There are a few bars in this section of less than 6 feet depth at low water, the controlling depth In 1922 being about 5 feet and the aggregate length of channel having a low-water depth of less than 6 feet about 6.8 miles. The localities requiring improvement are: Head Bogus Is- land, head Turkey Island, below Edwards River, Black- hawk Island, below Keithsburg and Oquawka. 7. Keokuk to Hannibal (56 miles) ------------------------ 50, 000. 00 The aggregate length of channel having a low-water depth of less than 6 feet is about 3.9 miles, and the ruling depth in 1922 was about 5.5 feet at low water. It is proposed to operate 1 plant unit for the construction, repair, and main- tenance of rock and brush dams and shore protection. One RIVERS AND HARBORS--ROCK ISLAND, ILL., DISTRICT. 1097 pipe-line dredge will be used on auxiliary dredging in con- nection with the construction of dams to assist in the formation of the projected channels and on maintenance / work to provide navigable depths. Among the localities re- quiring improvement are: Below Keokuk, Hackley Island, Gregory Bend, Buzzard Island, below Canton, Hogback Island, Orton Island, Fabius Island, Marion City, Arm- strong Island, Turtle Island, and above Hannibal. 3. Hannibal to Missouri River (118 miles) -- ---__ ____ $85, 000.00 The aggregate length of unimproved river is 11 miles, and the ruling depth in 1922 was about 5 feet. It is proposed to op- erate two plant units for the construction, repair, and main- tenance of rock and brush dams and shore protections. Two pipe-line dredges will be used on auxiliary dredging in connection with the construction of dams to assist in the formation of the projected channel, and on maintenance work to provide navigable depths through obstructing bars. Among the localities requiring improvement are: Ilasco, Cottel, Atlas, Angle, Crider, Slim, Dardenne, and Bolters islands, Hatchet Chute, abo've and below Grafton, Piasa Island, and Alton. 9. Purchase, construction, and repair of floating plant---------- 175, 000.00 The necessities of the work demand the purchase or construc- tion of floating plant, as also for repairs to individual pieces of plant and care of plant when laid up. 10.' Payment of outstanding liabilities, July 1, 1923----------- 150; 360. 37 11. Amount covered by uncompleted contracts ------- 188,647.27 Coal, steel hull for towboat Elinor, and construction of 10 steel barges. Total ----------- ----------------------------- -- 993, 956. 06 It is expected that these funds will be exhausted June 30, 1924. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 ($1,500,000) will be applied to work of im- provement and maintenance, as follows: Existing wing and closing dams and shore protections will be maintained; pipe-line dredges will be employed for auxiliary and maintenance dredging and for sand-fill dams and dredging to landing places; dams and shore pro- tections will be constructed and repaired; dipper dredges will be used for excavation of gravel and bowlder bars and for rock exca- vation on the Rock Island Rapids. Floating plant will be purchased, also constructed, cared for, and repaired at the United States boat- yas in the district. Following is an itemized statement, in order of relative impor- tance of work, with the amount to be expended for each class of work: 1. Maintenance of existing works, consisting principally of dams and shore protections----------------------------- $125, 000 2. Pipe-line dredging ___------------------------------- ----- 175,000 3. Dipper dredging ----------------------------------------- 20, 000 4. Rock excavation, Rock Island Rapids__------------------ 200,000 5. Dams and shore protection, construction and repair _______-- - 770, 000 6. Plant: Purchase, construction and repair-------------- 185, 000 7. Dredging channels and landing places on the main river and sub- sidiary sloughs----------------------------------------- 25, 000 'Total----------------------------------------------1, Total 1,500, 000 500,000 Commercial statistic. The commerce of the river is of a mis- cellaneous character and hot as large as it would be with terminal aSt. Paul section, $37,746.43; Rock Island section, $112,613.94. SApplicable to Rock Island section. 1098 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. and transfer facilities and under normal conditions of labor, fuel, and other contributory expenses of transportation. Comparative statement. Year. Tons. Value. Passengers. Year. Tons. Value. Passengers. 1918.......... 696, 503 $14, 751, 007 2, 413,233 1921.......... 761,522 $10,810, 575 3, 076, 39 1919.......... 674,192 13,435,619 2,744,301 1922.......... 818,059 11,259,607 2,844,305 1920 .......... 630,951 13, 324,349 3,542 196 Lumber.-The lumber business, formerly of great magnitude as connected with the movement of logs and lumber in the river, has almost entirely disappeared, owing to the destruction of the pine and hemlock forests in Wisconsin and Minnesota contiguous to the Mississippi River and its tributaries. Steamboats and freight.-In 1922 the packet business was very small, there being no through boats operated from St. Louis to Min- neapolis and St. Paul. One boat of the St. Louis & Tennessee River Packet Co., ran between St. Louis and Quincy, and several boats of the Eagle Packet Co., St. Louis & Tennessee River Packet Co., and Carnival City Packet Co., ran from St. Louis to Hamburg, Ill., also to various points on the Illinois River; several wild boats ran between St. Louis, Mo., and Hamburg, Ill., during the fruit season. The excursion business was very large; 1,623,825 passen- gers were carried by the regular excursion and other wild boats. Of the fine, large packets belonging to this river none remain as such, having been remodeled for the excursion business. The principal part of the freight was carried for moderate distances by small gas: oline or steam launches and towboats, usually with barges. The entire commercial traffic for 1922 amounted to 818,059 tons, which is 56,537 tons greater than 1921. There is no hope of a prosperous river business on the upper Mississippi River until adequate termi- nals and transfer facilities, connecting with railroads, are provided, and also suitable towboats and barges. (Navigation season about eight months.) Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $170,553.67: New work ----------------- -------------------- $33, 007, 129. 27 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 401, 000. 29 Net total expended ----------------------------- 33, 408, 129. 5 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------34, 402, 085. 62 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work l.........$714,380.49 42, 050. 79 51, 7262. $856, 18 44 . 71 $641,102. 27 51, 465. 67 2 $636,273.40 61, 803. 56 $1,142,924. 78 68, 037. 62 Expended for maintenancel...... . . . . . . . . . Total expended 1 .. 756, 431.28 908,006.89 692, 567. 94 698, 076.96 1, 210, 962. 49 Alppropriated or allotted....... 1,1000, 000.00 500, 000. 00 700, 000. 00 1, 015, 000. 00 1, 007,000. 0) 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. S Error of $10in amount reported June 30, 1922, added. RIVERS AND HARBORS--ROCK ISLAND, ILL., DISTRICT. 1099 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended. ......--....- . $1, 146, 864. 10 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved March 2, 1923-------------------------------- 900, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 30, 1922 --------- _ ----- .100, 000.00 Amount transferred from Mississippi River, St. Paul, to Min- neapolis -----------------------------------------------.... 7,000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923------------- 51, 054. 36 2,204, 918.46 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year:2 For new work ..----------------- $1, 142, 924.78 For maintenance -- --------- 68, 037. 62 1, 210, 962. 40 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-- ...---------------- -- - 993, 956. 06 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities. ... $150, 360. 37 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts --------------------- ---- 188, 647. 27 339, 007. 04 July 1, 1923, balance available __----------------- 654,948. 42 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for comple- tion of existing project-- ----- ----------------- 11, 703, 000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work -------------------------- 1, 500,000.00 2. QPERATING AND CARE OF LOCK AND DRY DOCK AT KEOKUK, IOWA (FORMERLY DES MOINES RAPIDS CANAL). Location and description.-Keokuk lock and dry dock are situated at Keokuk, Iowa, 496 miles below the head of navigation at Minne- apolis and 173 miles above the mouth of the Missouri River. The lock connects the navigable channel of the Mississippi River below the power dam of the Mississippi River Power Co. with Lake Keo- kuk above, surmounting a 41-foot head at low water. Original condition.-The channel at Des Moines Rapids was very shoal, swift on the chains, and crooked. For a boat of ordinary draft a stage of at least 31 feet above low water was necessary and at such times as the river was below that stage navigation, except for small lighters, was entirely blocked. Precious projects.--The first appropriation was made June 23, 1866, and the canal, while not entirely completed, was open to navi- gation in 1877. The total expenditure for construction and mainte- nance was $4,574,950. For further details of previous project see page 1883 of Annual Report for 1915. E isting projeot.-The improvements under the previous project were made obsolete by the construction of the power dam at Keokuk, the backwater of which submerged them. The Mississippi River Power Co. has, in lieu of improvements destroyed, provided a lock and dam and dry dock at Keokuk, and details concerning them are given in the report on Mississippi River between Missouri River and Minneapolis. These improvements were authorized by the river and harbor act of February 9, 1905, and the details were approved by the Secretary of War. (No map or drawing of this improvement has been published.) 1 Error of $10 in amount reported June 30, 1922, deducted. SNot deducting receipts from sales etc. a Exclusive of available funds. 1100 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Recomnzended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The lock and dry dock, etc., constituting this improvement were constructed by the Mississippi River Power Co., as stated under existing project. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The time of passing the rapids is much shortened, there now being but one lockage instead of the three in the old canal. The cost of operating and care is greatly reduced and the river above improved by backwater, which represents a saving of nearly $1,000,000. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-The improvement for which report is made under this caption is that of the Des Moines Rapids of the Mississippi River, and the work carried on is the operation and maintenance of the lock and dry dock. The principal item of work done during the year was the renewal of the 4 discharge valves at the lock, at a cost of $9,597.03. At the dry dock repairs were made to many pieces of floating plant belonging to the Government and also to three boats belonging to private par- ties. Eight new barges were constructed. During the fiscal year 1923 the lock was open to navigation 244 days and the operating expenses were $29,079.09. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Lock at Keokuk, Iowa, was put in commission June 13, 1913, the cost reported by the power company being $640,868, to which should be added cost of dry dock, buildings, and other accessories, making a total of $1,043,335, representing the outlay of the Mississippi River Power Co. Dimensions of the lock in the clear, 380 by 110 feet, with a lift of 41 feet at extreme low water; of the dry dock, 380 by 140 feet, with entrance gates 110 feet wide. This entire plant was transferred to the Government free. The total expenditures from permanent indefinite appropriation for operating and care of the old Des Moines Rapids Canal were $1,374,404.25, and the expenditures to June 30, 1923, for operating and care of the single lock were $229,617.21. With the exception of the concrete blocks in the dry dock, which need slight repairs and realignment, the lock and dry dock are in excellent condition. Proposed operations., The lock and dry dock will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-The controlling depth of the Keokuk Lock at extreme low water is 7 feet on the lower miter sill. The lock, being only a link in the chain of through navigation, the traffic is essentially that of the river as given under the heading " Mississippi River from mouth of Missouri River to Minneapolis, Minn." During the calendar year 1922 there passed through the lock 298 steamboats, 87 barges, and 174 launches; passengers, 28,104; lockages, 417. These figures exclude Government traffic. 3. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCK AND DAM AT MOLINE, ILL. Location and description.-Moline Lock and Dam are in the Missis- sippi River near head of Arsenal Island and at the foot of the Moline chain of the Rock Island Rapids, aie 366 miles below the head of navigation, and 299 miles above the mouth of the Missouri River. They form a link in the improvement of the Rock Island Rapids. RIVERS AND HARBORS-ROCK ISLAND, ILL., DISTRICT. 1101 Original condition.-The current at this point was the swiftest in the rapids. At the time the lock construction and excavation of the approaches were commenced, however, a channel 4 feet deep at low water and 200 feet wide existed. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a 4-foot channel at low water in the upper approach and 6 feet in the lock (the controlling depth) and lower approach, to be secured by means of a lock and dam; approaches deepened by rock excavation and ordinary dredging and the repair and extension of a lateral dike about 21 miles in length. Details of the lock and dam are given in the report on Mississippi River between Missouri River and Minneapolis. The improvement is 3 miles in length from the lower miter sill of the lock to the upper end of the water-power dike. This dike is 2.57 miles in length, was built by private parties of rock-filled cribs, and was always out of repair, and consequently very leaky. The Govern- ment repaired this dike, raised it with riprap to an elevation of 7 feet above low water, and strengthened it with a concrete core laid in the wet. By thus stopping the leaks in the dike the effect of it, together with Benhams Island and the short dam belonging to the lock, has been to raise the old pool level about 1 feet, giving the water power that much additional head. The fluctuation of the pool level prior to the construction of the lock, which level at stages less than 7 feet was maintained by a short dam (afterwards removed) from Benhams to Arsenal Island, was about 12.3 feet at high stages, the water passing over the crest of the dike as at present. In the project for the lock the lower sill was placed at an elevation 6 feet below low water in the hope of a 6-foot navigation over the rapids at some future day; but as the rock exca- vation in the upper approach would be prohibitive at a 6-foot grade, the upper sill was placed at an elevation 4 feet below low water in the pool, the grade of the Rock Island Rapids improvement, the fact being appreciated that a 2-foot betterment in the pool at low water would have to be secured by raising the pool surface to that extent, which is now being undertaken by means of backwater dams in the main river designed to raise its surface at low water at least 2 feet at the head of the dike. This has been in part accomplished, and when completed the controlling depth, not only in the lock but in the upper approach, will be 6 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1903 is $386,000. The latest (1903) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The lock was opened to navigation December 23, 1907. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905 (H. Doc. No. 397, 58th Cong., 2d sess.). There is no published map showing exact conditions. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The lock furnishes access to the river front of Moline, and, with great benefit to upstream navigation, sur- mounts Moline Chain, the swiftest part of the Rock Island Rapids. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The improvement for which report is made under this caption constitutes the project for improving the Mississippi River at Moline, and the work carried 1102 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. on is the operation and maintenance of the lock and dam and dredg- ing approaches to the lock. The lock was operated without serious accident, except that on March 27 the upper riverside valve became impaired so that it would not open over halfway. It was im- practicable to make the proper repairs during navigation, season, but such work will be done after the season closes. Pipe-line dredges Etna and Geyser were employed the former during July, 1922, and the latter from July 21 to August 18, 1922, dredging mud in upper approach to lock, removing a total of 82,699 cubic yards. During the fiscal year the lock was open to navigation 270 days, and the operating expenses were $27,406.78. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The lock at Moline, Ill., was first opened to navigation December 23, 1907. The cost, including all appurtenances, was $386,000, the exact amount of the estimate. Expenditures from the permanent indefinite appropriation to June 30, 1923, amounted to $159,832.48. The lock, with the exception of the upper riverside valve, is in good condition. Proposed operations.--The improvement will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.--The controlling depth at Moline Lock is 6 feet at extreme low water. The lock, being only a link in the chain of through navigation, the traffic is essentially that of the river as given under the heading " Mississi p pi River from mouth of the Mis- souri River to Minneapolis, Minn. During the calendar year 1922 there passed through the lock 277 steamboats, 309 barges, and 207 launches; passengers 4,262; lockages 427. These figures exclude Gov- ernment traffic. 4. OPERATING AND CARE OF LE CLAIRE CANAL, IOWA. Location and description.-This canal is located in the Mississippi River at the head of the Rock Island Rapids. It has a total length of 3.6 miles and lies along the Iowa shore from a point just below the city of Le Claire to the foot of Smith Island. The lock at the lower end of the canal and foot of Smith Island is 352 miles below the head of navigation and 305 miles above the mouth of the Missouri River. The canal forms a link in the improvement of the Rock Island Rapids. Originalcondition.-At the time this improvement was undertaken a channel 4 feet deep at low water and 200 feet wide existed through this portion of the Rapids. This channel was crooked, the current swift, and navigation therefore very difficult and dangerous at low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a 6-foot channel at low water through the canal and approaches, obtained partly by rock excavation and by raising the low-water level in the canal by means of the lock and closing dam at the lower end. The lock has net chamber dimen- sions of 80 feet by 320 feet, and has a depth at low water of 8 feet over the upper sill and 7 feet over the lower sill. The river wall of the canal for the first mile above the lock is formed by Smith Island. From the upper end of Smith Island a RIVERS AND HARBORS-ROCK ISLAND, ILL., DISTRICT. 1103 longitudinal dike extends upstream about 2.6 miles. This dike forms the river wall of the canal along this portion. The dike is built to a 6.5-foot elevation above low water in the canal, and is paved with concrete on the top and river slope to prevent scour during periods of overflow. The dike has a sand core for water-tightness, protected and widened on both canal and river sides with waste rock from the excavation. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1906, is contained as an item in the project approved March 2, 1907, for the im- provement of the Mississippi River between Missouri River and Minneapolis, Minn. The approved estimate for cost of maintenance December 1, 1922, to June 30, 1923 (7 months), is $3,800. The lock was opened to navigation November 29, 1922. The existing project, of which this improvement is one of the items, was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 341, 59th Cong., 2d sess.). There is no published map showing the exact conditions. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-Possibilities of traffic over the Rock Island Rapids are greatly increased, particularly at medium to low stages and with large and heavy tows. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-The improvement for which report is made under this caption constitutes part of the project for improving the Mississippi River between Missouri River and Minneapolis, and the work carried on is the operation and main- tenance of the canal and appurtenances, including lock and dam at foot of Smith Island. During the fiscal year 1923 the lock was open to navigation 214 days, and the operating expenses were $2,435.04. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The Le Claire Canal is 90 per cent completed. The canal and lock were opened to navigation November 29, 1922, but considerable work remains to be done in widening and deepening approaches, dredging in canal prism, completing lock wall back fill, surfacing dam, and constructing fence and sheer boom in lower approach, which work is properly chargeable to construction under the project. The expenditures to June 30, 1923, are as follows: For construction: Canal ------------------------------------------ $1, 591, 779. 70 Lock---------------------- ------------------------ 337, 220.17 1, 928,999.87 Operating and care-------------------------------------- -2, 435. 04 Proposed operations.-The canal and lock will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite ap- propriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-The controlling depth of the Le Claire Lock at extreme low water is 7 feet on the lower miter sill. The lock was officially opened November 29, 1922, practically at the close of the navigation season, therefore no statement of traffic is submitted for this improvement. 61687--exs 1928---7 O 1104 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 5. OPERATING SNAG BOATS AND DREDGE BOATS ON UPPER MISSIS- SIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES. Location and description.-That portion of the Mississippi River covered by snag and dredge boat operations extends from the mouth of the Missouri River to the head of navigation, at Washington Avenue Bridge, Minneapolis-669 miles. In recent years Congress has extended the scope of the snag boat's operations up the Illinois from its mouth to La Salle-223 miles-and to the improved or par- tially improved portions of the Minnesota, St. Croix, Chippewa, Black, Galena, and Rock Rivers, but these additions do not form any great part of the snag boat's work and have so far been of minor im- portance. For further details regarding the Mississippi River refer- ence is made to report on Mississippi River between Missouri River and Minneapolis, Minn., as the same section is included under both heads. Original condition.-There were very many snags, overhanging trees, rock piles, and wrecks scattered along the river, and these were especially troublesome in the section St. Paul to Hastings and below Keokuk. There was also much work for dipper dredge boats in removing gravel bars and deepening the channel where there was hard bottom. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for operating snag boats and removing snags, wrecks, trees, and other obstructions, and such tem- porary aid to navigation as may be proper and practicable in the Mississippi River between the mouth of the Missouri River and Minneapolis, 669 miles, in the Illinois River between its mouth and La Salle, 223 miles, and in the Minnesota, St. Croix, Chippewa, Black, Galena, and Rock Rivers. These operations are prosecuted under a permanent appropriation of not to exceed $25,000 annually. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of March 2, 1867, provided for the purchase and operation of two dredge boats and snag boats on the upper Missis- sippi River, and the act of August 11, 1888, provided for a perma- nent annual appropriation for the work; the act of March 2, 1907, added the Illinois River from its mouth to Copperas Creek to the' project; and the act of March 3, 1909, added the Minnesota River and other tributaries of the upper Mississippi now or heretofore im- proved by the United States, i. e., the Illinois River from Copperas Creek to La Salle, and the Minnesota, St. Croix, Chippewa, Black, Galena, and Rock Rivers. A map on a very small scale, in three parts, is published in the Annual Report for 1914, pages 2448-2452 and 2454. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--None. Terminal facilities.-See report on Mississippi River between Mis- souri River and Minneapolis. Effect of improvement.-Navigation has been made safer by the removal of fixed obstructions, and accidents due to snags, wrecks, etc., are very rare. Operationsand results during the fiscal year.-The snagging out- fit was placed in commission removing obstructions from the Mis- sissippi River between the mouth of the Missouri River and Minne- RIVERS AND HARBORS--ROCK ISLAND, ILL., DISTRICT. 1105 apolis, Minnesota, from July 1 to November 13, 1922, and from April 7 to June 30, 1923. During the winter the outfit lay in Milan boat yard undergoing repairs. The amount expended during the fiscal year, including $2,000 transferred to the Chicago district for work on the Illinois River and $81.38 paid to the St. Paul district for work performed by dipper dredge Davenport in removing sunken barge at Muscatine, Iowa, was $17,762.98, which is exclusive of $93.78 due the St. Paul district for work of removing snags, etc., from Mississippi River between Newport, Minnesota, and Boulanger Island. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The rivers belonging to the snag boat district, including the Mississippi River from the mouth of the Missouri River to Minneapolis, were, so far as known, in good con- dition in regard to snags and other obstructions. Total amount expended for snag-boat service to June 30, 1923, was $1,376,494.31. Proposed operations.-Same as heretofore, chiefly the removal of snags and other fixed obstructions in the main river and tributaries by means of the snagging outfit, operations to be governed by the amount, $25,000, made annually available by the river and harbor act of August 11, 1888. Commercial statistics.-See report on Mississippi River between Missouri River and Minneapolis. 6. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCK AND DAM IN GALENA RIVER, ILL. Location and description.-Galena River debouches into the Mis- sissippi River through Harris Slough, 291 miles below the head of navigation at Minneapolis on the Mississippi River and 4x78 miles above the mouth of the Missouri. It has a drainage area of 200 square miles, a discharge at low water of about 16 second-feet and during floods of 6,400 second-feet. Original condition.--In early days the Galena River to Galena was navigated by all classes of boats, except at very low stages, when lighterage was made at the mouth. Cultivation of adjacent land, with consequent wash of earth into the river, gradually destroyed its navigability Previous projects.-The original project was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1873, under which $66,000 was expended for new work. For further details of the previous project see page 1886 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a lock and dam and for deep- ening the approaches by dredging. The river and harbor act of Sep- tember 19, 1890, authorized the city of Galena to build a lock and dam, agreeing to pay $100,000 for the improvement when 3 feet depth had been secured during an entire season. This improvement was accepted and paid for in 1894. Available dimensions of the lock are 273 by 52 feet, but the depth is controlled by the lower miter sill, which is only 2 feet below low water. The dam is fixed, and all foundations are on earth with piling. The gates are miter- ing, and the normal lift of the lock is about 6 feet, but the lift de- pends on backwater from the Mississippi River. The lock is located about 2 miles from the Mississippi River and 3j miles from Galena. The latest map is in the report of the survey of Galena River (H. Doc. No. 1061, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The abandonment of the im- 1106 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. provement is directed by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilitie.--None. Effect of improvement.-The improvement is of no commerc~1 value, and the traffic, which is almost entirely sand and gravel from the Mississippi River, does not increase from year to year. Operations and results during' fiscal year.-The improvement for which report is made under this caption constitutes the improvement of Galena River from its mouth to Galena, Ill., and the work ordi- narily carried on is the operation and maintenance of the lock and dam and dredging of the approaches to the lock. However, due to damage caused by floods, the lock has not been in operation during the fiscal year. The regular lockmaster was laid off on July 18, 1922, leaving one lockman employed to take care of the improvement and property, the expenses for the fiscal year being $468.97. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The lock was first opened to navi- gation in 1894. Clear dimensions, 273 by 52 feet, lift varying with backwater from the Mississippi River. The lock is now in very bad condition. Cost of improvement, $100,000. Funds expended from the indefinite appropriation for operating and care to June 30, 1923, amounted to $152,665.77. Proposed operations.-Underthe terms of the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, the operation and care of the lock will be discontinued. Commercial statistics.-The following is a statement of the traffic for the past five years: Comparative statement. Year. Tons. Value. Passengers. Year. Tons. Value. Passengers. 1918......... 3, 208 $6,013 5 987 1921......... 4,126 $6,210 2,80 1919............ 3,961 5584 7,108 19221................ ........... 1920.......... 4,564 7, 598 4, 626 , Lock in bad condition; not in use. 7. OPERATING AND CARE OF ILLINOIS AND MISSISSIPPI CANAL, ILL. Location and description.--This canal is 75 miles long and con- nects the Illinois and Mississippi River, proceeding from a point on the Illinois River about 12 miles from La Salle, across the State of Illinois via Bureau Creek Valley, and over the summit to Rock River, down that river to its lower rapids, and around these rapids to a junction with the Mississippi River at the mouth of Rock River, 377 miles below the head of navigation, at Minneapolis, on the Mis- sissippi, and 292 miles above the mouth of the Missouri. The canal is fed by a navigable feeder 29.3 miles long, extending from Rock Falls, on the Rock River, to the summit level of the canal, entering the canal at a point 28 miles from the Illinois River. The object of the canal is to furnish, in conjunction with the Illinois & Michigan Canal, the Chicago Sanitary Canal, and the Chicago River, a through waterway from Chicago, on Lake Michigan, to the Mis- sissippi River. RIVERS AND HARBORS-ROCK ISLAND, ILL., DISTRICT. 1107 Original condition.-The canal was built across country, follow- ing no watercourse except Rock River for about 81 miles near its western end. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the construction of a canal from the Illinois River, near Bureau Junction, running westerly via the Bureau Creek Valley to Rock River, near Colona, thence in the bed of Rock River to the rapids near Milan, Ill., and thence to the Mississippi River at the mouth of Rock River, at Rock Island, the length of the main line being 75 miles. The feeder, 29.3 miles in length, extends from Rock Falls, on Rock River, to the summit level of the canal, about 28 miles from the Illinois River. There are 32 locks in the main canal, described in the following tabulation. There is also a lock and controlling works at the head of the feeder at Rock Falls, and a lock in Rock River at Rock Falls connecting the pool of the Government dam with the power com- pany's dam below: This lock has dimensions similar to those in the main canal and cost $75,000. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1902 (H. Doc. No. 297, 57th Cong., 1st sess.), is $8,911,551.12. The cost of operations and maintenance is payable from the permanent indefinite appro- priation for operating and care of canals. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890 (H. Doc. No. 316, 51st Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is shown on page 2013 of Annual Report for 1908. Table showing important features of locks in Illinois and Mississippi Canal. 1 1 / r 0 Length Depth Distance of lock Width Greatest Depth on from chamber of length Lift at on upper lower iYear Gates, Cost of Designation.] Distance from nearest city. Illinois between cham- available Foundation. for full water. at low sill com- material. Gates, kind. lock. River. miter ber. at low pleted. sills. width. water. water. 0 Mies -I 1 1 I-I 1 Miles. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. 1........... Illinois River, 2,000 feet 0.38 230 35 141 9.0 8.17 7.0 Sand and clay..... 1906 Wood... Miter........ $43,263.04 O west. 2.......... At Bureau Junction....... 1.25 230 35 141 9.0 8.17 7.0 Sand, clay, and 1906 ... do......do......... 43,598.60 , gravel. 3.......... 4 mile west of Bureau 1.95 230 35 141 9.0 8.17 7.0 Quicksand and 1906 ... do.... ... do......... 40,687.10 Junction. gravel. 4.......... 2j miles west of Bureau 3.45 230 35 141 9.0 8.17 7.0 Sand and gravel... 1906 ... do.... 39,688.37 ' Junction. 5........... 31 miles west of Bureau 4.60 230 35 141 8.0 8.17 7.0 ..... do............ 1906 ... do.... 40,596.20 Junction. 6.......... 5 miles west of Bureau 6.50 230 35 141 10.0 8.17 7.0 Sand hard pan, 1906 .. do.... ... do........ 42,944.48 M Junction. and gravel. ... do......... 7.......... 3 miles east of Tiskilwa.... 7.20 230 35 141 8.0 8.17 7.0 Loam and sand... 1906 ... do.... ... do......... 37,347.55 8.......... 2 miles east of Tiskilwa.... 8.20 217 35 151 8.0 8.17 7.0 ..... do............ 1906 ... do.... Marshalla ad 36,930.86 9......... 11 miles east of Tiskilwa... 8.50 217 35 151 8.0 8.17 7.0 Clay......... 1906 ... do.... ... do........ 32, 747.80 10......... At Tiskilwa............... 10.30 217 35 151 9.0 8.17 7.0 Sand and gravel.. 1906 ... do.... 34,549.94 - 11......... 1 mile west of Tiskilwa.... 11.10 217 35 151 9.0 8.17 7.0 ..... do............ 1906 ... do.... ... do........ 37,154.43 12......... 11 miles west of Tiskilwa.. 11.60 217 35 151 8.0 8.17 7.0 ..... do........... 1906 .. do.... 36, 476.36 13........ 3 miles west of Tiskilwa... 12.35 217 35 151 10.0 8.17 7.0 Loam and clay.... 1906 ... do... ... do...... 32,869.11 14........ 3 miles east of Wyanet.... 13.25 217 35 151 10.0 8.17 7.0 Sand and gravel... 1906 .i..do..... 31,972.98 c: 15.... ... 24 miles east of Wyanet... 13.80 217 35 151 10.0 8.17 7.0 ..... do........... 1906 ... do.... ... do.... ... do..... do..... . 30,324.44 16......... 2 miles east of Wyanet.... 14.00 217 35 151 11.0 8.17 7.0 Loam clay, and 1906 do...... . ... do..... 34,607.85 02 sand. ... do.... 17......... I t miles east of Wyanet... 14.30 217 35 151 10.0 8.17 7.0 Sand and gravel... 1906 ... do.... 32,975.11 18......... 1 mile east of Wyanet..... 15.20 217 35 151 9.0 8.17 7.0 Clay and gravel... 1906 ... do... . ... do...... •...do........ 35,901.29 19.......... At Wyanet............... 16.10 217 35 151 10.0 8.17 7.0 Sand and gravel... 1906 ... do .... ... do......... 34, 620. 29 20......... 1 mile west of Wyanet.... 17.10 217 35 151 11.0 8.17 7.0 Loam clay, and 1906 38, 292.39. sand. ... do.... 21...... 1j miles west of Wyanet.. 17.40 217 35 151 11.0 8.17 8.0 ..... do............ 1906 ... do.. 39,632.51 Guard lock. 29 miles north main-line 57.00 228 35 141 Limestone...... 1906 ... do......... canal. (1) 8.3 8.3 32,712.57 ... do.... 22.......... 13 miles west of Wyanet... 28.80 226 35 141 9.0 8.17 7.0 Clay.............. 1906 ... do.... 41,863.97 .w 23......... 10 miles east of Geneseo... 38.30 2241 35 141 11.0 8.17 7.0 .do......... 1906 ... do.... 41,356.46 24......... At Geneseo ........... 48.30 2264 35 141 11.0 8.17 7.0 Clay and gravel... 1906 ... do.... 47,034.32 25......... 5) miles west of Geneseo... 53.75 2241 35 141 8.0 8.17 7.0 Sand............. 1906 ... do.... 40,479.10 26......... 5 miles east of Colona..... 54.70 226 35 141 9.0 8.17 7.0 ..... do....... ... 1906 ... do.... 40,404.75 27......... 2j miles east of Colona..... 57.00 224 35 141 8.0 8.17 Gravel............. 1906 do.........S39,077,16 7.0 28.......... At Colona...... ......... 59.50 2241 35 141 8.0 8.17 Rock............. 1906 ... 7.0 30, 786.53 29.......... 2miles westof Colona.... 61.90 224& 35 141 11.0 8.17 7.0 ..... do............ 1906 ... do. do......... 36,631.54 30 .......... 1 miles east of Milan..... 70.20 238 35 141 0.0 7.0 7.0 Rock, etc., hard- pan. 1894 ... do.......do. ........ 71,588.00 31......... -1mile west ofMilan....... 72.90 238 35 141 6.0 7.0 7.0 Clayandgravel. 1894 ... do. do......... 38,711.44 32.......... 3 miles west of Milan.... 75.00 238 35 141 12.0 8.0 7.0 ...... do.......... 1894 ... do.... do.........85468.31 I Variable. NOTE.-NO dams except at the guard lock and at Lock 30. At the former locality a fixed dam across Rock River with a movable crest constructed of wood, concrete, and steel; at Lock 30, crib dams across the north and south channels of Rock River. The north dam has a 60-foot opening and it has been superseded by a concrete power dam a short d distance below; the south dam adjoining Lock 30 has been reinforced with concrete laid in the water. 1110 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-The commerce is not commensurate with the cost of the canal and its operation, but it is expected that when the Illinois waterway now under construction by the State of Illinois is completed there will be considerable traffic from Chicago and Lake Michigan through to the Mississippi River at Rock Island and Daven- port. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The improvement for which report is made under this caption constitutes the project for the Illinois & Mississippi Canal, and the work carried on is the operation and maintenance of locks and appurtenances and the care of the prism as regards depth and condition of banks. During the fiscal year 1923 the canal was open to navigation 253 days, and the operating expenses were, for the main canal, $82,007.06, for the Milan section, $24,041.32, a total of $106,048.38. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The canal affords a water con- nection 7 feet in depth between the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers, 75 miles, and also a navigable feeder 7 feet in depth from the sum- mit level to the Rock River at Sterling and Rock Falls, 29 miles. All locks, 33 in number, dams, aqueducts, culverts, buildings, and other appurtenances are in good condition. The bridge clearances are 171 feet in the main canal and 124 feet in the feeder, but the Milan section has two drawbridges and a high bridge, the latter affording 35 feet clearance at high water. There is an additional lock in Rock River at Rock Falls, through the power dam, afford- ing access to Sterling. The total expenditures under the existing project for the construction of the canal were $7,547,278.04. The amount expended from the permanent indefinite appropriation to June 30, 1923, was $2,191,532.32. Proposed operations.-The canal will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appropriation pro- vided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-The following is a comparative statement of the traffic for the past five years. Comparative statement. Year. Tons. Value. Passengers. Year. Tons. Value. Passengers. 1918........ 10,556 $459, 137 35,027 1921.......... 12, 949 $173, 964 20,758 1919.......... 10,295 455,238 17 238 1922.......... 11,166 170,605 14, 817 1920.......... 7428 257,018 17 909 Navigation season about eight months. EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED JUNE 5 1920, AND SEPTEMBER 22, 1922. The local engineer was charged with the duty of making pre- liminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of June 5, 1920, and September 22, 1922, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: RIVERS AND HARBORS-ST. PAUL, MINN-., DISTRICT. 1111 1. Mill Creek and South Slough at Milan, Ill., for the purpose of ascertaining and reporting as to the effect of the construction of the Illinois & Mississippi Canal on flood conditions in the town of Milan, whether and to what extent said construction has caused the overflow and damage of private property; and what sum of money, if any, ought in justice to be paid to the individual property owners as full and final compensation for such damages. 2. Mississippi River, at Nawvoo, Ill. 3. Mississppi River, at Dallas City, Ill. 4. Preliminary examination with a view to controlling the seepage from the Illinois and Mississippi Canal and opening Bureau Creek under said canal. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE ST. PAUL, MINN., DISTRICT. The district includes the Mississippi River and its tributaries from its source to, but not including, the Wisconsin River; Red River of the North, Minn. and N. Dak., and its tributaries; and those waters in North Dakota north of the Missouri River watershed. On July 31, 1919, the international boundary waters in Minnesota which flow toward Hudson Bay, prior to that date included in this district, were transferred to the Duluth, Minn., district. On December 1, 1919, the Mississippi River between the mouth of the Wisconsin River and Minneapolis, Minn., formerly a part of the Rock Island, Ill., district, was transferred to this district. District engineer: Maj. Edwin H. Marks, Corps of Engineers, to January 31, 1923, and Maj. C. F. Williams, Corps of Engineers, after that date. Division engineer: Col. Chas. L. Potter, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS. [The letters and figures in parentheses indicate the group, and the numerical order in the group, to which the respective improvements belong for the purpose of appropriation.] Page. Page. 1. Mississippi River bet ween 7. Operating and care of reser- mouth of Wisconsin River voirs at headwaters of and Minneapolis, Minn____ 11.11 Mississippi River-------- 1124 2. Mississippi River between 8. Gauging Mississippi River St. Paul and Minneapolis, and its tributaries, at or Minn. (Al) -------------- 1112 near St. Paul, Minn---- 1125 3. Mississippi River between 9. St. Croix River, Wis. and Brainerd and Grand Rapids, Minn. (B1)-------------- 1125 Minn. (A2) -------------- 1115 10. Minnesota River, Minn. 4. Mississippi and Leech Rivers, (B2) ------------------ 1127 Minn. (A3) --------- 1117 11. Red River of the North, 5. Reservoirs at headwaters of Minn. and N. Dak. (B4,)__ 1129 Mississippi River (A4)-... 1120 12. Red Lake and Red Lake 6. Operating and care of Twin River, Minn------------ 1130 City Lock and Dam, Missis- sippi River ----------- 1123 1. MISSISSIPPI RIVER BETWEEN MOUTH OF WISCONSIN RIVER AND MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. This improvement is included in that of the Mississippi River between the mouth of the Missouri River and Minneapolis, Minn., the report on which will be found on page 1089. 1112 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. MISSISSIPPI RIVER BETWEEN ST. PAUL AND MINNEAPOLIS, AND BETWEEN BRAINERD AND GRAND, RAPIDS, MINN., MISSISSIPPI AND LEECH RIVERS AND RESERVOIRS AT HEADWATERS OF MIS- SISSIPPI RIVER. (GROUP A.) 2. MISSISSIPPI RIVER BETWEEN ST. PAUL AND MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. (Al.) Location an4 description.-The Mississippi River has its source in numerous lakes in the northern part of Minnesota, its origin being traced to Lake Itasca. It flows in a southerly direction for about 2,477 miles into the Gulf of Mexico. The portion included in this improvement is 4.86 miles in length and extends from Lock and Dam No. 1, now known as the Twin City Lock and Dam, to the Washing- ton Avenue Bridge, Minneapolis, Minn., the latter being 1,944 miles above the mouth. The drainage area of the river is about 1,246,000 square miles. (See U. S. Geological Survey map of Minnesota, scale 1: 500,000.) The portion above Lock and Dam No. 1 is about 19,731 square miles. At this point the discharge varies from 1,800 to 54,000 second-feet, extreme low water occurring in January and February and high water usually in May and June. The river in this section has an average slope of 5 feet per mile and an average width of 700 feet. Original condition.-The head of continuous navigation on the Mississippi River was at Washington Avenue Bridge, Minneapolis. From there to the site of Lock and Dam No. 1 the channel was of varying width, and had a low-water depth of about 2.5 feet. The current was swift, and on account of obstructing bowlders the river was not navigable except at higher stages. Previous project.-The original project for lock and dam construc- tion was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894, and modified by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907. The amount expended under this project was $1,162,592.97, of which $1,159,800.54 was for new work and $2,792.43 for maintenance. Of this amount $736,851.71 was for the construction of Lock and Dam No. 2. These expenditures were all prior to the existing project, work on which was commenced in 1910. For further details of pre- vious projects see page 1887 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-Thig provides for the construction of a single high dam and lock in lieu of the two dams and locks contemplated by the previous project, and a power-house foundation arranged for a maximum water-power development of 15,200 horsepower, and for a turning basin 6 feet deep at low water and about 1,200 feet long and 500 to 600 feet wide at low water, just below the Washington Avenue Bridge, Minneapolis. LOCK AND DAM NO. 1 (NOW KNOWN AS TWIN CITY LOCK AND DAM). Location: 4.86 miles below Washington Avenue Bridge, Minneapolis, Minn,., and 1,944 miles above mouth of river. Lock : Width (clear), 80 feet. Length between miter sills, 350 feet; greatest available for full width, 298 feet. Lift at low water, without flashboards, 33.5 feet 1 SWater at crest line of dam and after dredging Is completed (calculated). RIVERS AND HARBORS--ST. PAUL, MINN., DISTRICT. 1 113 Lock--Continued. Depth on miter and guard sills at low water- Lower guard, 7.0 feet. Lower miter, 7.0 feet.1 Upper guard, 10.5 feet.' Upper miter, 13.5 feet.' Character of foundation, sandrock, sand, gravel, and broken limestone slabs. Dam: Kind, fixed. Type, hollow (modified Ambursen). Length of crest, 574 feet. Width, 61 feet at base. Apron, 80 feet. Number of sluiceways, 8 (submerged), each 6 feet by 6 feet. Character of foundation, same as for lock. Power-house foundation (substructure includes penstocks, draft tubes, etc.): Size, 160 by 112 feet. Character of foundation, sand, gravel, and broken limestone slabs. Estimates (original, 1910) : Lock and dam ----------------------------- $1, 198, 5Q0 Power-house foundation - _-------. _--- .. -- -- 169, 500 Total ------------------- -- ---- --- 1, 368, 000 The estimate of cost for new work, revised in January, 1919, is $1,964,600, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the high dam (H. Doc. No. 741, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the turning basin at Minneapolis (H. Doc. No. 1512, 63d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published maps are in the Annual Report for 1911, opposite page 1974, and the last-mentioned docu- ment. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The State of Minnesota deeded to the United States 6.99 acres of land at the site of Lock and Dam No. 1. The city of Minneapolis has done about one-half of the dredging necessary for the turning basin under the project. Terminal facilities.-The city of Minneapolis has built a wharf on the west bank of the river, extending downstream from the Wash- ington Avenue Bridge. This consists of a concrete wall 1,082 feet long and 3 feet wide on top, with a vertical face on the river side. At the lower end of this is a paved levee, 150 feet long, with a slope of 1 on 4 from the wharf level to the water surface. Except for a one-story warehouse, 40 feet by 60 feet, there are at present no unloading or transfer facilities, although it is under- stood to be the intention to install them later. Before any work is done under the appropriation for the harbor and turning basin the city of Minneapolis should be required to construct a freight warehouse and install suitable loading and unloading devices. The wharf and such facilities as exist are open to public use and are adequate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-Navigation only became possible in July, 1917, since which time conditions in regard to river navigation have been unsettled, due principally to the war, so that the effect of the improvement can not be definitely stated at this time. It may be stated, however, that the completion of the project will extend navi- 1 After dredging (calculated). 2 Water at crest line of dam. 1114 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. gation to Washington Avenue Bridge, Minneapolis, Minn., with a low-water depth of 6 feet. This will make possible the direct ship- ment of flour and grain from Minneapolis to the Gulf of Mexico by water and of coal and other bulky freight from down-river points to Minneapolis. This will have a tendency to relieve the present rail- way congestion as soon as the facilities now given are utilized, as it is confidently expected they will be. The improvement has made possible a maximum water-power development of 18,000 horse- power. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done. The expenditures were $3,911.06, for new work, being in payment of condemnation award for balance of flowage rights and incidental expenses. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project has been completed, except for the turning basin at Minneapolis which has been aban- doned due to the noncompliance with provisions prescribed in the act requiring the construction of terminal facilities at local expense. No further report will be submitted under this caption. Future operations will be carried under the report on "Operating and care of Twin City Lock and Dam, Mississippi River." The improvement has resulted in slack-water navigation to Wash- ington Avenue Bridge, Minneapolis (the head of navigation on this stretch of river), with a minimum channel depth of 6 feet at low water. It has also provided a waterpower of approximately 18,000 horsepower, for which a license has been granted to the Ford Motor Co. by the Federal Power Commission. The total expenditures to June 30, 1923, under the existing project were $1,523,998.69, of which $1,519,728.51 was for new work and $4,270.18 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The project being completed and the funds exhausted, future operations will be carried on under "Operating and care of Twin City Lock and Dam, Mississippi River." Commercial statistics.-Commercialnavigation became practicable with the completion of the lock in July, 1917, but it has not yet developed to any great extent, perhaps because of the lack of suitable terminal facilities at Minneapolis, but possibly for lack of interest in the community. Commercial statistics for this section are included in report for " Mississippi River between the mouth of Missouri River and Minne- apolis, Minn." Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923 after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $31,551.25: New work ----------------------------------- $2, 679, 529.056 Maintenance -------------------------------- 7, 062. 61 Net total expended ---------------- ----------- 2, 686, 591. 66 Total appropriations to date of this report------- 2, 686,591. 66 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1.. ... $38, 480. 56 $39,797.36 $18, 277.12 $105. 24 $3,911.06 Expended for maintenance ............................ .................... ... Appropriated or allotted......... 90,000.00 ........................................ I Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-ST, PAUL, MINN., DISTRICT. 1115 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------ ------------------- $10, 911. 0: Deduction on account of transfer to Mississippi River between mouth of Wisconsin River and Minneapolis, Minn- .--- _-_- 7, 000. 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work___ 3, 911.06 3. MISSISSIPPI RIVER BETWEEN BRAINERD AND GRAND RAPIDS, MINN. (A2.) Location and description.-Forgeneral description of the Missis- sippi River see "Mississippi River between St. Paul and Minne- apolis." The section included in this improvement flows in a south- westerly direction from Grand Rapids to Brainerd, Minn., a distance of about 180 miles. Brainerd, at the lower end, is about 170 miles above St. Paul, Minn. At each end of the section under improvement is a power dam without a lock. The drainage area is 7,100 square miles. The low-water discharge during the winter months is about 400 second-feet. The ordinary high-water discharge during the summer is 10,000 and the highest recorded is 30,000 second-feet. The average river slope is 0.41 foot per mile, and the width of the river at low water varies from 100 to 250 feet. Original condition.-The river was greatly obstructed by snags, bowlders, and overhanging trees, and steamboat navigation was im- practicable except at high stages. At low water the navigable depth was not more than 1.5 feet and the channel not more than 100 feet wide in places. Navigation was possible over the whole stretch for both logs and steamboats. Through navigation for logs was also possible from Lake Itasca. Previous projects.-Work of snagging, bowlder removal, etc., on this part of the river was formerly done under a project, now expired, for " Improving Mississippi River above the Falls of St. Anthony." By the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, this improvement was :added to the project for " Reservoirs at headquarters of Mississippi River." and during the fiscal years 1902 to 1909, inclusive, was in- cluded in annual reports for that work. Under this project $19,- 000.96 was expended, all for new work. These expenditures were prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1910. For further details of previous project see page 1889 of the Annual Report for 1915. 60 Eittg project.-To secure a practicable channel, not less. than feet wide and 3.5 feet deep at mean low water, between Brainerd and Grand Rapids by means of dredging, wing dams, cut-offs, and the removal of snags and overhanging trees. The estimate of cost made in 1913 is $30,555 for new work, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1909) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 607, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in Annual Report for 1911, page 1978. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. * EAffect of improvement.-The work of improvement has given a safer channel and has doubtless kept down freight rates on the river. SChanged from amount in last year's report due to a reimbursement. 1116 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Operations and results during fiscal year.--No work was done nor expenditures made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-By the completion of the dredg- ing and wing dams between Aitkin and Grand Rapids, a distance of 125 miles, the project depth of 3.5 feet at mean low water, which corresponds to 3 feet and 2.5 feet on the Aitkin and Sandy Lake gauges, respectively, has been attained. Along 85 miles of the river the banks have been cleared of standing and overhanging trees and 93 miles of the channel cleared of snags. No work has been done between Aitkin and Brainerd, 55 miles, as there has been no boat navigation requiring it. During the navigation season the available depth in the channel usually varies between 3.5 feet and 12 feet, being dependent on the discharge from Pokegama and Sandy Lake Reservoirs. The improvement has resulted in an increased available depth during mean low water of 2 feet, has increased the available width of the channel, and has made navigation less hazardous. The machinery of the snag boat Oriole was removed in 1919 and the bucket machinery transferred to the pipe-line dredge Warroad (Duluth, Minn., district) as auxiliary equipment. Authority has been granted for the sale of the steamboat machinery and the boat itself has been sold. The project as a whole is 84 per cent com- pleted. The work already done is sufficient for existing commerce. The total expenditures to June 30, 1923, under the existing project were $32,783.64, being $28,892.85 for new work and $3,890.79 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-No further work of improvement or main- tenance is contemplated at this time. It is not known when the unexpended balance will be exhausted, as that is dependent upon further work being done. No additional funds for the fiscal year 1925 are therefore necessary. Commercial statistics.-The commerce consists mainly of floating loose pine logs and rafts of cedar posts and poles, ties, and pulpwood, which is carried on over the entire section. Comparative statement.' Calendar year. Tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Tons. Value. Passengers. 1918........... 15,000 $92,167 75 19212........ 41,596 $264,604.......... 192019........... 4505 23000 ... . 1922.......... 33,150 215,800.......... 19201...... 5, 010 36 200 75 1 Includes 4,950 tons floated logs, value $24,200. 2Includes 24,146 tons floated logs, value $104,000. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $195.78: New work--------------------------------------- $47, 893. 81 Maintenance--__ --------------------------- ----- 3, 890. 79 Net total,expended- ----------------------- ------- 51, 784. 60 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------- 51, 2. 51 RIVERS AND HARBORS-ST. PAUL, MINN., DTSTRICT. 1117 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work .... ... ...... .............. Expended for maintenance 1... 441.20 $46.83 $10.00.. ............ Appropriated or allotted................................................... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended 91 $---------------------- July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-- 91 1-------------------- 4. MISSISSIPPI AND LEECH RIVERS, MINN. (A3.) Location and description.-Forgeneral description of the Missis- sippi River see " Mississippi River between St. Paul and Minneapo- lis." The section of the Mississippi River included in this improve- ment flows in a southeasterly direction from Winnibigoshish Dam to Pokegama Dam, a distance of about 65 miles. Leech River has its source at the outlet of Leech Lake and flows in an easterly direction about 29 miles to the Mississippi River which it enters about 40 miles above Pokegama Dam, the latter being 350 miles above St. Paul, Minn. The portion of Leech River included in the improvement is that between Leech Lake Dam and the Missis- sippi River, a distance of 27 miles. The drainage area above Pokegama Dam is 3,265 square miles. Discharges vary with the manipulation of Winnibigoshish, Leech Lake, and Pokegama Reservoirs. The low-water discharge at Poke- gama Dam is about 400 second-feet, which usually occurs during the winter months. The normal high-water discharge is about 2,500 second-feet during July, August, and September, but this varies ac- cording to the need of water for navigation purposes below Poke- gama Dam. The average river slope is 0.35 foot per mile, with chan- nel widths of 100 to 150 feet at a bank-full stage. Original condition.-Navigation over the entire section was pos- sible. The channels, however, were very crooked, with numerous sharp bends. The ruling depths on both rivers were from zero to 4 feet, being entirely dependent upon the reservoir discharges. The rivers were navigable for boats and logs, but dams without locks at each end of the section prevented boat navigation beyond. Log sluices were provided at all the dams, which permitted the passage of logs from Lake Itasca and Leech Lake to points below. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for straightening the channel by means of dredged cut-offs and the partial closing of auxiliary chan- nels by suitable dams, the object being to provide for the more rapid transmission of water from Winnibigoshish and Leech Lake Reser- voirs to Pokegama Reservoir. The lengths of the sections under improvement are: Mississippi River, 65 miles; Leech River, 27 miles. The downstream end of the improvement is at Pokegama Dam, about 2,280 miles above the mouth of the Mississippi River. The minimum channel width provided for Leech River is 100 feet; for the Mississippi River above the mouth of Leech River, 100 feet; and for the Mississippi River below Leech River, 125 feet; all with 1118 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. a depth of 8 feet at a bank-full stage. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1911, is $296,000. The latest (1911) approved esti- 'mate for annual cost of maintenance is $15,000. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 1223, 62d Cong. 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are at Cohasset four small wharves on pile foundations, each having direct access to a railroad sidetrack. One is owned by the village and is open to public use. The other three are privately owned, one being for the transfer of poles and ties direct from the river to railroad cars, the other two being coal- ing docks with a capacity of one carload each. Effect of improvement.-The shortening and straightening of the river channel resulting from the work already done has increased the slope so that water released from Winnibigoshish and Leech Lake Reservoirs reaches the Pokegama distributing reservoir in shorter time and is thus available for more prompt release from Pokegama when needed. Also the water released from Winnibigoshish and Leech Lake Reservoirs flows in the stretch of the river already im- proved at a lower elevation of water surface, thereby relieving the adjacent low hay meadows from overflow. Sufficient data are not yet available to give the amount of these benefits in actual figures. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging was com- pleted on the Leech River. The dredge fleet was then moved to the Mississippi River above the mouth of Leech River and dredging re- sumed. A total of 309,000 cubic yards of sand, muskeg, and clay were removed at a gross cost of about 9 cents per cubic yard. The work constituted about 15 per cent of the total dredging under the project. The work was done by hired labor with Government plant. The expenditures during the year were $29,205.97, for new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 89 per cent completed. The work accomplished has been the building of the dredge Manito and attendant plant, and dredging about 1,779,000 cubic yards. The channel has been deepened and straightened over about 80 miles of the entire stretch. By this work the channel has been shortened about 20 miles. There still remains about 15 miles of river to be worked over and an estimated total of 380,000 cubic: yards of material to be dredged. The maximum draft that can be carried over the shoalest part of the improvement on the Mississippi River (9 miles below Winnibigoshish Dam) varies from zero to 4 feet, being dependent upon reservoir discharges. A ruling depth of at least 2 feet is available throughout the navigation season, which is from May 1 to October 31. The total expenditures to June 30, 1923, were $245,957.93, being $233,251.04 for new work and $12,706.89 for maintenance. Proposedoperations.-With the balance unexpended it is proposed to continue dredging on the Mississippi River above the mouth of Leech River, and to make necessary repairs to floating plant, as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-ST. PAUL, MINN., DISTRICT. 1119 Dredging, 6 months, at $3,333.33---------------------------- $20, 000. 00 Repairs to plant---------------..--.------------------------- 2, 000. 00 Care of plant when laid up---------------------------------- 700. 00 Administration and contingencies---------------------------- 3, 908. 36 Total-------------------------------------------- 26,608.36 The above funds will probably be exhausted June 30, 1924. With the amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 ($25,000), it is proposed to complete the initial dredging required on the Mississippi River, and then to work down the river dredging the shoaled places which may have devel- oped since the work was first done; to build auxiliary dams at the head of abandoned channels; and to make such repairs as may be necessary to the dredging fleet. as follows: Operation of dredge Manito and fleet------------------- ----- $18, 000 Repairs to floating plant--------------------------------- 2, 000 Care of fleet when laid up-,------------------------------------ 1, 000 Administration and contingencies---4--------------------------- 4, 000 Total--------------------------- --------------- 25, 000 Commercial statistics.--The commerce on the rivers in this im- provement is mainly that of floating logs and rafts of cedar posts and poles, ties, and pulpwood. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Tons. Value. Passengers. 1918............ 73,286 $305, 565 1,000 1921 s........ 36, 597 $202, 817 .......... 1919.......... 9, 800 2.. 288,000 3, 000 1922 ......... 1,147 4, 560............ 19201.......... 14 235 72,100......... 1 Includes 13,185 tons floated logs, valued at $65,100. 2 Includes 25,869 tons floated logs, valued at $106,265. 8 Floated logs. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,951.48. New work------------ -------------------------- $233, 251. 04 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 12, 706. 89 Net total expended------------------------- ---- 245, 957. 93 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------- 276, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1..$... $16, 936.17 $3, 876. 84 $24,448.24 $21,964.99 $29,205.97 Expended for maintenance 1................ 6,921.53 ........... 5,880.97 ........... Total expended 1......... 16,936.17 10,798.37 24,448.24 27,845.96 29,205.97 Appropriated or allotted............... ... ...... 25, 000.00 25,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 61637-ENG 1923-----71 11 0 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended -- 4------------------- Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923---------------------------------------25, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923------------------ 5. 95 59,248. 04 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work 1 29, 205. 97 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------ -30, 042.07 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ---------------- 3, 433. 71 July 1, 1923, balance available__-------- --- _ ________- 26, 608. 36 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project --------------------------------------- 35, 700. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work ------------------------------- 225, 000. 00 5. RESERVOIRS AT HEADWATERS OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER. (A4.) Location and description.-Reservoirs are located on the Missis- sippi River and several of its tributaries in Itasca, Hubbard, Aitkin, Cass, and Crow Wing Counties, Minn., as follows: Outlet. Area. Name of reservoir. Water- Above Original Reser- River. St. Paul. lake. voir. Miles. Sq. miles. Sq. miles. Sq. miles. Winnibigoshish.......... .. .............. Mississippi ...... 415 1,442 117 161.0 Leech Lake................... ............ Leech............ 417 1,163 173 234.0 Pokegama ............................... Mississippi....... 350 660 24 45.0 Sandy Lake........................ Sandy............ 267 421 8 16.5 Pine River ........................ Pine.............. 199 562 18 24.0 Gull Lake............ .................... Gull.............. 172 287 33 35.5 Originalcondition.-The reservoirs were all natural lakes and the country surrounding was rolling timberlands with numerous small lakes. Leech Lake and Winnibigoshish Lake were of such size and depth as to permit their more general use for transporting supplies by the larger canoes. No railroads existed in this territory and the waterways were the principal routes for travel. The rivers in this region were subject to fluctuation of level between wide limits and were often unnavigable at low stages. Previous project.-The original project was based on House Docu- ment No. 54, Forty-fifth Congress, third session (no maps), and was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880. In report sub- mitted in compliance with the river and harbor act of August 5, 1886, the Chief of Engineers in 1887 recommended that the reservoirs originally contemplated on the St. Croix, Chippewa, and Wisconsin Rivers be not constructed. Subsequent acts of Congress have been in accordance with that recommendation, and the original project was considered modified to that extent. The amount expended on the original project was $782,662.10-$681,805 being for new work and $100,857.10 for maintenance of such reservoirs as were completed prior to 1894. These expenditures were prior to the adoption of the i Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. BExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-ST., PAUL, MINN., DISTRICT. 1121 existing project in 1899, For further details of previous project see page 1888 of the Annual Report for 1915. ExAisting project.-This provides for the reconstruction of the five original reservoir dams, viz, Winnibigoshish, Leech Lake, Pokegama, Sandy Lake, and Pine River, and the construction of Gull Lake Reservoir. The estimated cost, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects, was $865,000. The above dams are of solid con- crete construction on pile foundations. The Sandy Lake Dam in- cludes a lock 160 feet long, 30 feet wide, with a maximum lift of 9.5 feet and a depth of 2.5 feet on the lower miter sill at low water. The construction of an equalizing canal between Winnibigoshish and Leech Lake Reservoirs, at an estimated cost of $61,200 (later in- creased to $71,200), was subsequently added to the project, but no work was done, and this part of the project was abandoned in the river and harbor act of March 4, 1915. The abandonment of the ditches to connect Long Lake to Round Lake and Round Lake to Gull Lake was recommended in House Document No. 413, Sixty- fourth Congress, first session, and was ordered by Congress in the river and harbor act of July'27, 1916. The maintenance of the res- ervoirs is provided for by annual allotments from the indefinite appropriation for " Operating and care of canals and other works of navigation." The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for the reconstruc- tion Cf four of the five original dams and surveys to determine the extent of lands overflowed by the reservoirs; the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the reconstruction of Sandy Lake Dam and the construction of Gull Lake Reservoir; the act of June 25, 1910, pro- vided for the construction of an equalizing canal between Winni- bigoshish and Leech Lake Reservoirs (H. Doc. No. 363, 61st Cong., 2d sess.), but this part of the project was abandoned in the river and harbor act of March 4, 1915. For maps, see pages 1973 and 1978 of Annual Report for 1911. Recommended" modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, appropriating funds for the construction of Gull Lake Reservoir, provided that the necessary land and flowage rights should be ceded to the United States without charge. In compliance with this the St. Anthony Falls Water Power Co., of Minneapolis, Minn., obtained and ceded to the United States all the flowage rights not previously obtained, aggregating 955 acres, at a cost of about $7,500. Terminal facilities.-See report on " Mississippi and Leech Rivers, Minn." Effect of improvement.-The construction of the reservoirs has resulted in a greater channel depth and more uniform flow in the Mississippi River above Lake Pepin, 52 miles below St. Paul, and has made possible continuous navigation during the season on some stretches above St. Paul where formerly it was subject to interrup- tion on account of low water, and has assisted navigation at and im- mediately below St. Paul. Computations indicate that under the present system of operation the reservoirs can produce an average increase in gauge height of 2 feet at St. Paul during low-water seasons, when the river in its natural state would not have exceded 1 foot on the St. Paul gauge. 1122 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The effect of the improvement has been particularly noticeable on the river above St. Paul. Incidentally the reservoirs are of great value in mitigating the effects of floods in the river above St. Paul. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Negotiations for the balance of the flowage rights required were continued. The expendi- tures were $2 for new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The project was 99 per cent com- pleted, the only work remaining to be done being the acquisition of flowage rights on a number of tracts around the reservoirs. The five dams originally built of timber have been reconstructed in concrete. A concrete dam has been constructed at Gull Lake. Three dikes at Winnibigoshish, 4 at Pokegama, 2 at Sandy Lake, and 16 at Pine River have been constructed. Flowage rights have been acquired on practically all lands affected by the construction, maintenance, and operation of the reservoirs. Previous projects. Existing projects. Reservoir. Capacity. Cost Cost Completed. (approxi- Completed. (approxi- mate). mate). Cubc feet. Winnibigoshish................... 45,024, 500, 000 1884 $214,000 1900 $154, 200 Leech Lake................ ...... 33,094,300,000 1884 171,805 1902 75,000 Pokegama............................. 5,260,000,000 1884 85,000 1904 112,000 Sandy Lake ......................... 3,157, 900,000 1895 114,000 1909 104,000 Pine River ............................ 7,732,900,000 1886 97,000 1907 118,500 Gull Lake .... .................... 3,091,293,290 ....................... 1913 77,200 The total expenditures to June 30, 1923, under the existing proj- ect were $890,867.58. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the available balance in the purchase of flowage rights. The rate of expendi- ture can not be stated, but it is expected that the funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. It is believed that the available funds are sufficient for the completion of the project and no further appropriation is requested. Commercial statistics.-See reports on Mississippi and Leech Rivers, Minn., and Mississippi River between Brainerd and Grand Rapids, Minn. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $4,621.25: New work,_------------ -------------------------- $1, 572, 672. 58 Maintenance--______---------------- 100, 857. 10 Net total expended-------------------------------- 1, 673, 529. 68 Total appropriations to date of this report , 703, 378. 41 1------------------- Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ $667.47 $2, 337.33 $3, 265.52 $768.35 $2.00 Expended for maintenance..... ............ ........................... Appropriated or allotted......... 32,000.00.... ................................ ... " 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-ST. PAUL, MINN., DISTRICT. 1123 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------- - - - $28, 300. 93 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923-------------- -1, 549. 80 29, 850. 73 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work '-- 2. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------2------------------9, 848. 73 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $38,319.76: New work------------- ------------------------- $4, 533, 346. 48 Maintenance --------------------- -_---124, 517. 39 Net total expended ------------------------ 4, 657, 863. 87 Total appropriations to date of this report--- ________--- 4, 717, 894. 58 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 ,-- -- I '° Expended for new work 1... $56, 084.20 $46,011.53 $45, 990.88 $22, 838.58 $33,119. 03 Expended for maintenance 1.... 441.20 6, 968. 36 10. 00 5, 880.97 ........... Total expended 1........ 56,525.40 52,979.89 46,000.88 28,719.55 33,119.03 Appropriated or allotted........ 122,000.00 ............................ 25,000.00 25,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-___------- -__--- - -__ $73, 593. 99 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923-- ----------- 25, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 ------------ 1, 555. 75 100, 149. 74 Deduction on account of transfer to Mississippi River between mouth of Wisconsin River and Minneapolis, Minn------------- 7, 000. 00 1 93, 149. 74 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work 33, 119. 03 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ----------------------- 60, 030. 71 July 1,1923, outstanding liabilities -------- ------------------ 3, 433. 71 July 1, 1923, balance available----------------------------- 56, 597. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---- ---------------------------- 2 35, 700. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work- --- ---------------------- 2--- 000. 00 225, 6. OPERATING AND CARE OF TWIN CITY LOCK AND DAM, MISSIS- SIPPI RIVER. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Mississippi River between St. Paul and Minneapolis, Minn. See pages 1112 to 1115, where general informa- tion can be found. The completed lock and dam have been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since July 1, 1907. From that time until June 30, 1917, operations per- 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1124 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. tained to Lock and Dam No.2, but since July 1, 1917, when Lock and Dam No. 2 was drowned out by the virtual completion of Lock and Dam No. 1, this report pertains to the latter. Terminal facilities.-See report on Mississippi River between St. Paul and Minneapolis, Minn. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The lock was in op- eration during the navigation season. There were 86 lockages, be- ing 41 up and 45 down, mostly gasoline launches. Necessary re- pairs of a minor nature were made to the various structures. The upper lock gate and the lower 20 feet of the lower gate were painted two coats of red lead and oil. A series of holes were drilled in the apron of the dam for inspection purposes. Rock for riprapping be- low the dam was quarried. The work was done by hired labor with Government plant. The expenditures during the year were $21,- 793.89. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The lock and dam and appur- tenant structures were in good condition and available for naviga- tion. The total expenditures to June 30, 1923 were $132,885.23. Proposed operations.-The lock and dam will be maintained and operated under allotments from the permanent indefinite appropria- tion provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-See report on " Mississippi River between mouth of Missouri River and Minneapolis, Minn." 7. OPERATING AND CARE OF RESERVOIRS AT HEADWATERS OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER. The'improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for reservoirs at headwaters of Mississippi River. See pages 1120 to 1123, where general information can be found. The completed reservoirs have been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since February 1, 1895. Terminal facilities.-See report on Mississippi and Leech Rivers, Minn. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The reservoirs were operated, and necessary repairs made to the dams, dikes, buildings, and lines of communication. The bear-trap gate in the log sluice at Pokegama Dam, which had been damaged by logs in sluicing, was repaired. The telephone line between Sandy Lake Dam and Mc- Gregor was reconstructed with metallic circuit. The keeper's dwell- ing at Sandy Lake Dam was repaired by placing stucco finish on the outside. The work was done by hired labor with Government plant. The expenditures during the year were $24,537.75. Condition at end of fiscal year.-All the reservoirs and appur- tenances were in good condition. The total expenditures to June 30, 1923, were $718,150.14. Proposed operations.--The reservoirs will be operated and main- tained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appropriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-See reports on Mississippi and Leech Rivers, Minn., and Mississippi River between Brainerd and Grand Rapids, Minn. RIVERS AND HARBORS-ST. PAUL, MINN., DISTRICT, 11125 8. GAUGING MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES AT OR NEAR ST. PAUL, MINN. The improvement for which report is imade under this caption forms part of the project for gauging the waters of the Mississippi River and its tributaries. The work carried on is the establishment, maintenance, and reading of gauges at or near St. Paul, Minn. Gauges have been maintained under annuaaallotments from the ap- propriation provided for in joint resolution of February 21, 1871, modified by section 6 of river and harbor act of August 11, 1888, and section 9 of river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Gauges were read at Montevideo and Mankato, on the Minnesota River, and at Taylors Falls, on the St. Croix River, during the year.. The expenditures were $300. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Gauges have been established, read, and maintained at various points on the Mississippi River and its tributaries in the vicinity of St. Paul. The total expenditures to June 30, 1923, were $10,332.31. Proposed operations.-The maintenance and reading of gauges at Montevideo and Mankato, on the Minnesota River, and at Taylors Falls, on the St. Croix River. 9. ST. CROIX RIVER; WIS. AND MINN. Location and description.-The source of the river is in north- western Wisconsin. It is about 160 miles long and for its greater part forms the boundary between Wisconsin and Minnesota. It flows southwesterly and then southerly into the Mississippi River at Pres- cott, Wis., 26.9 miles below St. Paul, Minn. The portion included in this improvement extends from the mouth to Taylors Falls, a dis- tance of 52.3 miles. The lower 25 miles is known as Lake St. Croix. The drainage area is 7,290 square miles. At the St. Croix Falls Dam, three-quarters of a mile above the bridge at Taylors Falls, the discharge at low water is 1,200 second-feet; at extreme high water, 35,800 second-feet. During navigation season mean low-water dis- charge is 1,670 second-feet and mean extreme high water, 17,500 second-feet. During the lower stages the flow is manipulated by the power company located at St. Croix Falls. The low stages during navigation season occur in July, August, September, and October; high stages in April, May, and June. From Taylors Falls to Lake St. Croix, a distance of 27 miles, the width is 130 to 800 feet and the fall 0.7 foot per mile. Lake St. Croix is 25.3 miles long, 1,500 to 6.500 feet wide, and nearly level. (See U. S. Geological Survey map of Minnesota, scale 1: 500,000, for general lo6cation.) Originalcondition.-The ruling low-water depth on the bars above Lake St. Croix was 2 feet. In Lake St. Croix the channel was in most places 8 to 10 feet deep, but narrow and tortuous. The head of navigation for boats was Taylors Falls, Minnm., 52.3 miles from the mouth, and for logs the headwater tributaries. Previous projects.-None. ; Existing project.--This provides for dredging, construction of wing dams, and bank protection, in order to obtain a channel depth 1126 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. of 3 feet at mean low water between the mouth and Taylors Falls, Minn., and for the improvement of the harbor and water front at Stillwater, Minn. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1878, is $136,700. The latest (1903) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,600. The ordinary fluctuations between mean low and mean high water are about 7.5 feet at Osceola and about 10 feet at Stillwater, and between extreme low and extreme high about 13.2 feet at Osceola and about 17.8 .feet at Stillwater. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 18, 1878, provided for dredging, etc. (H. Doc. No. 75, pt. 6, 43d Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of June 3, 1896, provided for the improvement of the harbor and water front at Stillwater. The latest printed map is in House Document No. 1008, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-At Stillwater there is a concrete paved levee, 550 feet long and 40 feet wide, sloping from the top of the river bank to the water. This was built by the city and is open to the public. There are no unloading or transfer facilities. At other points along the river landings are made on the banks. Such facili- ties as exist are sufficient for the present needs of navigation. Effect of improvement.-Commercial navigation on the river has been very limited during recent years. Pleasure boats and excursion steamers are the principal users of these waters. The improvement has given a somewhat improved channel. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done. The expenditures were $29.41, for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is considered as hav- ing been completed in 1900. The work done has been the dredging of approximately 103,900 cubic yards, the construction of approxi- mately 19,000 linear feet of wing dams and bank protection, and the removal of about 14,370 snags, stumps, and logs. The appropriations for maintenance during the past few years have been small, and the channel above Stillwater has deteriorated, due to sunken logs and the formation of sand bars, and a ruling depth of 2 feet at mean low water now obtains. Logging operations have now ceased. However, many of the logs are being removed, which in itself will improve conditions. Below Stillwater the project depth of 3 feet is available. The total expenditures to June 30, 1923, were $161,265, being $131,409.50 for new work and $29,855.50 for main- tenance. Proposed operations.--It is expected that necessary work of main- tenance can be done under the permanent annual appropriation for " Operating snag boats and dredge boats on Upper Mississippi River and tributaries,' and no additional funds will therefore be required during the fiscal year 1925. Commercial statistics.--The river is principally used by excursion steamboats and pleasure launches. The floating of loose logs on the river ceased in 1914 and the rafting of manufactured lumber in 1915. This accounts for the decrease in tonnage in recent years. RIVERS AND HARBORS--ST. PAUL, MINN., DISTRICT. 1127 Comparative stateme4t. Year. Tons. Value. Passengers. Year Tons. Value. Passengers. 1918.................... 1,780 4,193 1921......... . 1$726 1,092 1919........................ 1 1,820 4,974 1922............. 1920........... .......... 13,270 5,687 1Receipls from passenger business. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ----------------------------------------- $131, 409. 50 Maintenance .----------------------- - 29, 855. 50 Net total expended--------- ---------------------- 161, 265. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------- 161, 265. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............................................ .......... Expended for maintenance... .. 36.00 $41.00 $89.14 $2,560.00 $29.41 Appropriated or allotted.......... 200.00 ............. .......... 5... 2,00.00 ... ........ July 1, 1922, balance unexpended __---------------------$29. 41 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance___. 29. 41 10. MINNESOTA RIVER, MINN. Location and description.-This river has its source in South Dakota, about 35 miles from Browns Valley, Minn. It is about 400 miles in length, its general direction of flow being easterly, and it empties into the Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn. Its drainage area is 16,600 square miles. The mean low-water discharge during the navigation season is about 1,000 second-feet and the high-water discharge about 24,500 second-feet. The low-water stages occur in August, September, and October; high water in April, May, June, and July. The width of the section under improvement varies from 100 to 300 feet, and its slope is 0.05 foot per mile. For general loca- tion see United States Geological Survey map of Minnesota. Original condition.-The ruling low-water depth at the inouth was not more than 2 feet. From the mouth to Shakopee, a distance of 25.6 miles, there was a least low-water depth of 7 feet, and from Shakopee to Little Rapids, 11.4 miles, a least depth of 3 feet. From Little Rapids to Mankato, a distance of 77.7 miles, the river was navigable only at the higher stages. Above Mankato navigation was: possible only at very high water. Along the entire course the chan- nel was obstructed by bowlders, snags, and overhanging trees. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1867, and modified by the acts of August 11, 1888, and July 13, 1892. The amount expended on the original and modified projects was $117,542.79 for new work, all prior to adoption of existing project, in 1892. For further details of previous projects see page 189 of Annual Report for 1915. 11'8 REPORT :OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, IT. S. ARMY, 1923. Existing project.-This provides for open-channel improvement from the Mississippi River to Shakopee (25.6 miles) to accommodate vessels of 3-foot draft. The object to be accomplished by this im- provement is to obtain a channel with 4 feet of water from the Mis- sissippi River to Shakopee, which will accommodate vessels of 3-foot draft. The fluctuation in level from mean.0low to mean high water is 8.6 feet, and from extreme low to extreme high water 19.7 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1892, is $10,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. No estimate for maintenance has been prepared. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892 (p. 2209 of the Annual Report for 1891). The latest published map will be found on page 1574 of the Annual Report for 1888. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local 'cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-Freight boats used the river in the past very little. The only users at present are excursion steamers, which have had a somewhat improved channel due to the improvement. Operations and results during fiscal year.-About. 2,520 cubic yards of sand and gravel were dredged and 7 snags removed near the mouth of the river (Mendota Chute), in order to provide a channel for small craft. The work was done by hired labor with Govern- ment plant. No expenditures were made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 94 per cent completed. From April 15 to July 15 a draft of 5 feet is prac- ticable, and from July 15 to the end of October about 3 feet. Work done has been the removal of snags and bowlders between Minnesota Falls, 254 miles above the mouth, and a point 17 miles above Shakopee. In 1893 a low dam was built half a mile above the mouth of the river, which created slack-water navigation to Shakopee. This made the main outlet through the Fort Snelling Chute, about 1.5 miles above the mouth proper. This dam was removed in 1908, and by dredging and contraction work the original mouth was opened up. Little work has been done since 1911, and the mouth has become so choked with sand bars and snags that navigation by steamboats is impossible except at medium and high stages. The maximum draft that could be carried June 30, 1923, at mean low water, was 2 feet. From the Fort Snelling Chute to Shakopee the project has been completed, but the stretch from Fort Snelling Chute to the mouth of the river (1.5 miles) is not finished. The total expenditures to June 30, 1923, under the existing project were $27,377.94, being $9,282.42 for new work and $18,095.52 for main- tenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the balance unex- pended in such dredging and removal of snags near the mouth of the river as may be necessary to keep the channel in usable condi- tion by the operation of an improvised bucket dredge. The above funds will probably be exhausted June 30, 1924. The sum of $1,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925 in dredging and removal of snags near the mouth of the river, as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS--ST. PAUL, MINK'., DISTRICT. 1129 'Operation of improvised bucket dredge--------------------------- $800 Administration and contingencies --------------------------------- 00 Total- - ___- 1, 000 Commercial statistics.-With the exception of 1,930 tons sand and gravel, valued at $5,764, towed during the year 1920, no freight has moved on this water during the past few years, the only users being ,excursion steamers and small pleasure craft. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work -------------- --------------------------- $126, 825. 21 Maintenance ------------------------------------- 18, 095. 52 Net total expended ------ 144, 920. 73 Total appropriations to date of this report_________ ___-_____146, 143. 51. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 'Expended for new work.................... ....... ....................... ......... Expended for maintenance..... $2.65 $255.58 $276.20 ................... Appropriated or allotted......... ....... ............. ... ..... ........."" July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ________________-_----__ $1, 222. 78 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_______________------- 1, 222. 78 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ----------------------------- 883. 66 .July 1, 1923, balance available-------------------------------- 339. 12 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance----------------------------------- 11, 000. 00 11. RED RIVER OF THE NORTH, MINN. AND N. DAK. There were no expenditures during the year and there are no 'available funds. The project is about 91 per cent completed, but no further work is proposed for the reasons given in House Document 'No. 1666, Sixty-third Congress, third session, in which the abandon- ment of the project is recommended. No further reports will be :submitted. For a full description of the project see Annual Report for 1921, page 1245. Commercial statistics.-Therehas been no commerce on Red River Hof the North and Red Lake River since 1917. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $229.14: New work -------- --------------------------------- $293, 343. 60 Maintenance ----------------------- -------- --- 76, 209. 40 Net total expended------------------------------------ 369, 553. 00 "Total appropriations to date of this report--36----------------- 39, 553. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1130 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work................ ....................................... Expended for maintenance 1..... $.91.86 $84.00 $69.63 ...................... Appropriated or allotted..... .. ... .................... ....... ........... ............. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 12. RED LAKE AND RED LAKE RIVER, MINN. Location and description.-Red Lake is situated in the northwest- erly part of the State of Minnesota and has an area of 441 square miles. Red Lake River rises in Red Lake and flows in a westerly direction for a distance of 193 miles to its junction with the Red River of the North at Grand Forks. The area of the Red Lake watershed is 1,950 square miles, and that of the Red Lake River watershed, exclusive of Red Lake, is 3,810 square miles, making a total'watershed area of 5,760 square miles. The portion of Red Lake- River included in the improvement extends from the outlet of Red Lake to Kratka, a distance of about 45 miles. The river has an aver- age fall over the 71 miles between Red Lake and Thief River Falls of 0.83 foot per mile; between Thief River Falls and Fisher, about 97 miles, there are numerous falls, rapids, and power dams, while in the lower 25 miles the fall is again moderate. The discharge varies from 200 to 8,400 second-feet and its low-water width from 90 to 200. feet. Original condition.-In Red Lake there is ample depth for naviga- tion. From the lake to Thief River Falls, 71 miles, the controlling depth of Red Lake River at low water is 1 foot. In this section of the river navigation is made difficult and dangerous by numerous logs, which have lodged in shallow places. From Thief River Falls tor Fisher the numerous power dams, falls, and rapids render Red Lake River unnavigable. From Fisher to the mouth of the river at East Grand Forks, Minn., the controlling depth is 2 feet at low water. Previous projects.-A project for the Red River of the North adopted by the river and harbor act of August 14, 1876, was amended by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, so as to include the Red Lake River between Red Lake and Thief River Falls. Work under this project was confined to the removal of bowlders and snags from the 34 miles of the Red Lake River between Thief River Falls and High Landing during the period between 1896 and 1902. Since that time no work has been done and the channel has deteriorated. On the Red Lake and Red Lake River portion of the project the sum of $9,070 was expended for new work. For further details of previous. projects see page 1245, Annual Report for 1921. Existing project.-Supervision of the project of the Red Lake drainage and conservancy district of the State of Minnesota for the construction of a controlling dam at the outlet of Red Lake, with jetties to maintain the channel from the dam into the lake, and dredging in Red Lake River to a bottom width of 60 feet and depth of 10 feet below bank full stage between Red Lake and Kratka, about 45 miles below the outlet. The estimated cost of such supervision,. made in 1919, was $15,000, and $200 annually after completion of the RIVERS AND HARBORS-ST. PAUL, MINN., DISTRICT. 1131 work. Adopted by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. No. 61, 66th Cong., 1st sess.). The projected work is based upon the act of Congress approved February 21, 1921 (H. R. 14311), which authorized the Red Lake drainage and conservancy district of the State of Minnesota to under- take the improvement under the supervision of the War Department. The purpose of the improvement is to regulate the level of Red Lake so as to prevent overflow and permit proper drainage of the lowlands adjacent to Red Lake and Red Lake River, and incidentally to bene- fit navigation and water powers, and is in accordance with House Document No. 61, Sixty-sixth Congress, first session. The estimated cost of the work, made in 1919, is $779,300, and $12,000 annually for maintenance after completion, to be apportioned as follows: Improve- Mainte- ment. nance. Indian lands ...................... .... ......... ................... $236,800 $3, 650 Lands outside Indian reservation ... .. ................................ 248, 500 3,850 Water powers............ ...... ............... .. ....................... 240,000 3,700 Municipal water supply ...... . ........................................ ...... 39, 000 600 Federal Government, fornavigation...... ............ ........................... 15,000 200 779, 300 12, 000 The latest published map is in the House document above re- ferred to. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The project provides for the entire work of the improvement to be done by the Red Lake Drainage and Con- servancy District under the supervision of the United States. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.--None. Operations and results during fiscal year.-A public hearing was held at Thief River Falls in December, in connection with one ordered by the State court for consideration of plans submitted by the Red Lake Drainage and Conservancy District to the court for a controlling dam at the outlet of Red Lake. Approval was not granted by the court. Plans for the regulation of Clearwater Lake and Clearwater River, tributary to Red Lake River, being a project for drainage and flood control, were later submitted but could not be acted upon prior to the expiration of the time limit of the enabling act upon which the project is based. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Same as Original condition. Proposed operations. None, the project having lapsed due to the failure of the Red Lake Drainage and Conservancy District to sub- mit plans for approval within the time limit prescribed in the act of February 21, 1921, under which the improvement was authorized. No further report will be submitted. Commercial statistics.-See report for Red River of the North, Minn. and N. Dak. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923; New work---. - ----------------- $9, 070. 00 Maintenance --- ------------------- Total appropriations to date of this report ------------------- 9, 070. 00 1.182 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.......... ................................... ............. Expended for maintenance....................................................... Appropriated or allotted........................................... . EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED AUGUST 8, 1917, AND SEPTEMBER 22, 19922.. The local engineer was charged with the duty of making pre- liminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and: harbor acts of August 8, 1917, and September 22, 1922, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Section 5 of the act of August 8, 1917, provides: That Congress hereby consents that the States of Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota, or any two of them, may enter into any agreement or agree- ments with each other to aid in improving navigation and to prevent and control floods on boundary waters of said States and the waters tributary thereto. And said States, or any two of them, may agree with each other upon any project or projects for the purpose of making such improvements and upon the, amount of money to be contributed by each to carry out such projects. The Secretary of War is authorized and directed to make a survey of any project proposed as aforesaid by said States, or any two of them, to determine the feasibility and practicability thereof, and the expenses of carrying the same into effect, and what share of such expenses should be borne by the respective States, local interests, or by the National Government. If the Secretary of War approves any such projects, he may authorize the States to make such improvements, at their own expense, but under his supervision. That the sunm of $25,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby appropriated, out of any funds in the Treasury of the United States not otherwise appropriated, for the purpose of enabling the Secretary of War to make the surveys and: estimates herein contemplated. 2. West side Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn., with a view of' establishing a harbor there. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE KANSAS CITY, MO., DISTRICT. This district includes the Missouri River and its tributaries. District engineer: Maj. Gilbert Van B. Wilkes, Corps of Engineers,. to July 31, 1922, and Maj. C. C. Gee, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineer: Col. C. L. Potter, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS. [The letters and figures in parentheses indicate the group, and the numerical order in the group, to which the respective improvements belong for purposes of appropriation.] Page. Page 1. Missouri River, Kansas City 4. Kansas River, Kans -__- 1148 to mouth (Al)---------- 1133 5. Osage River, Mo ---------- 1150 2. Missouri River, Kansas City, 6. Gasconade River, Mo_______ 1154 Mo., to Sioux City, Iowa 7. Operating and care of Lock (A2)------------------- 1140 and Dam No. 1, Osage 3. Missouri River, Sioux City, _ _1157 River ------------------ Iowa, to Fort Benton, Mont. (A3) -------------- 1144 RIVERS AND HARBORS-KANSAS CITY, MO., DISTRICT. 1183 MISSOURI RIVER. (GROUP A.) Location and description.-The Missouri River, formed by the junction of the Jefferson, 'Madison, and Gdllatin Rivers at Three Forks, in southwestern Montana, flows southeast for 2,551 miles and enters the Mississippi River 18 miles above St. Louis. See United States post route maps of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa, Nebraska, Missouri, and Kansas. The drainage area is 573,000 square miles. The minimum discharge in second-feet is 2,250 at Fort Benton, 12,000 at Sioux City, 23,000 at Kansas City, and 26,500 at St. Charles. The maximum discharge in second-feet is 50,600 at Fort Benton, 197,000 at Sioux City, 500,000 at Kansas City, and 546,000 at St. Charles. The fluctuation between high and low water is 15.8 feet at Fort Benton, 22.5 feet at Sioux City, 34.6 feet at, Kansas City, and 30.2 feet at St. Charles. The low-water stage occurs in the late fall and winter. There are two annual floods, April and June. The navigation season extends from March to December. The Missouri is a shifting stream, carries much sedi- ment, destroys many acres of riparian land by erosion, and has a swift current and steep slope for such a large stream. The slope in feet per mile is 0.84 from mouth to the Yellowstone River (1,760 miles), with a width of from 1,000 to 1,200 feet; 1.4 from the Yel- lowstone River to Fort Benton, the head of through navigation (525 miles), with a width of from 800 to 1,000 feet; 14.2 from Fort Benton to Great Falls (49 miles and unnavigable); 0.49 from Great Falls to Cascade (55 miles and navigable); and 4 from Cascade to Three Forks (162 miles and unnavigable on account of power dams). The elevation of standard low water above sea level is 397.5 feet at mouth, 422 feet at St. Charles, 722 feet at Kansas City, 1,082.5 feet at Sioux City, and of low water, 2,616 feet at Fort Benton and 4,053 feet at Three Forks. 1. MISSOURI RIVER, KANSAS CITY TO THE MOUTH. (Al.) Location and description.- Length, 398 miles. (See preceding paragraph.) Original condition.-The main channel was filled with bars and snags and in many places divided by islands and sand bars into several shallow channels. The river shifted in location and de- stroyed many acres of valuable bottom land. The width varied from 500 feet to over 1 mile. The depth at many crossings was 24 feet. Before improvement this section of the river was navigable for its entire length of 398 miles. The first steamboat reached Kansas City in 1819. Previous projects.-Government snagging operations began in 1838. The river and harbor act of June 18, 1878, first included ap- propriations for improvement by regulation. The original project, one for general improvement, was included in the project for mouth to Sioux City adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882. It was modified by the river and harbor acts of July 5, 1884, Sep- tember 19, 1890, and June 13, 1902. The acts generally specified certain localities for improvement. The amount expended on all projects prior to the project of 1910 was $7,663,130.48, which may be divided as follows: Prior to project of 1902,.$6,970,510.57 for new work and maintenance; subsequent to project of 1902, $289,592.82 1134 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. for new work and $403,027.09 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1891 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a permanent 6-foot channel over this 398-mile section of river with a low-water width of 1,200 feet, to be obtained by snagging, dredging, bank revetment, and by channel rectification and contraction by means of permeable dikes. The ordinary fluctuation is about 16 feet. The extreme fluctuation is about 38 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1912, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects, is $20,000,000, for completion in 10 years. The latest approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $500,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 1287, 61st Cong., 3d sess.), and was modi- fied by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, which fixed the upstream limit of improvement at the upper end of Quindaro Bend, 398 miles from the mouth of the river, and by providing for dredg- ing (H. Doc. No. 463, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map see page 2876 of Annual Report of 1919. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The project was adopted without any condi- tions for local cooperation; but, upon request of the interests con- cerned, authority was approved for local cooperation, and work has been done in cooperation with private interests, as follows: Mouth Kansas River (right bank, mile 392).-Cooperation with the Kaw Valley drainage board in the construction of 1,000 linear feet of longitudinal protection dike along harbor line. The work was completed December 3, 1915, at a total field cost of $28,022.15, of which the drainage board contributed $18,022.15. Sissons Bend (left bank, mile 378).-Cooperation with the Birmingham drainage district of Clay County, Mo., in the construction of 1,470 linear feet of rectification dike. The work was completed August 31, 1920, at a total field cost of $39,792.42, of which the drainage district contributed $20,000. Cambridge Bend (right bank, mile 242) .- Cooperation with the towns of Glasgow and Slater, Mo., in the construction of 859 linear feet of longitudinal dike and 830 linear feet of revetment. The work was completed March 30, 1918, at a total field cost of $25,813.81, of which the towns contributed $1,000. Chamois Bend (right bank, mile 126).--Cooperation with the interested land- owners in the construction of 771 linear feet of revetment. The work was completed June 13, 1921, at a total field cost of $12,885.95, of which the land- owners contributed $2,000. Boeuf Island (left bank, mile 85).-Cooperation with the interested land- owners in the construction of 1,230 linear feet of rectification dike. The work was completed July 31, 1920, at a total field cost of $25,725.68, of which the land- owners contributed $6,550. The following work has been done during the year without co- operation on the part of the United States: The Birmingham drainage district repaired one flanked retard previously built by extending to bank junction and built a second retard on the left bank at the foot of Sissons Bend, mile 377, as protection of its levee, at a cost of $10,000. The Wabash Railway Co., on the left bank, repaired and extended standard revetment, using brush and wire mattress, as follows: At mile 363 extended revetment upstream 5,000 linear feet at a cost of $90,000, and at mile 267 repaired 300 linear feet of revetment in front of its depot, at a cost of $5,000. RIVERS AND HARBORS--KANSAS CITY,- MO., DISTRICT. 1135 The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Co. as protection to its tracks and bridge repaired revetment and installed river bank protection, as follows: At mile 370 installed a system of Kellner jetties along 2,200 linear feet of bank at a cost of $8,000, and at mile 354 as repairs to revet- ment above its bridge installed a system of jetties along 3,000 linear feet of bank at a cost of $20,000. The Missouri Pacific Railroad Co., on the right bank, built revet- ment, using loose fascine mattress and toe wall support as follows: At Fire Creek Bend, mile 344, built 2,000 linear feet of new revet- ment at a cost of $30,000 and at St. Aubert Bend, mile 129, built 800 linear feet of new revetment at a cost of $12,500. At mile 79 used the toe wall support along water edge for 1,000 linear feet of bank paving at a cost of $11,000, and at mile 64 built 500 linear feet of the same type of work at a cost of $5,000. The Sinclair Oil Co. built 3 standard retards on the left bank at the foot of Baltimore Bend, mile 305, as protection to its pipe line crossing, at a cost of $23,146. The Saline-Lafayette levee district built 4 standard retards to break up eddy action and as repairs to revetment in Waverly Bend, mile 297, at a cost of $16,280. The Carrolltondrainage district as bank protection installed Kell- ner jetties as follows: In Bakers Bend, left bank, mile 294, along 3 miles of river bank at a cost of $20,000, and in Hills Bend, left bank, mile 289, along 3 miles of river bank, at a cost of $20,000. The Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad Co. as protection to its track and station on the right bank at Centaur Bend, mile 48, built 4 standard retards at a cost of $37,927. The St. Louis County river improvement district, as protection to farm lands on the right bank in Centaur Bend, mile 47, built a system of 12 standard retards at an estimated cost of $60,000, and are to extend the system to a total of 20 retards, from mile 47 to Howard Bend, mile 34. The entire system is about 60 per cent completed. Terminal facilities.-At Kansas City, Mo., a municipal wharf located on the harbor line and a fireproof warehouse were completed in 1911. The wharf has railroad connection for transfer of freight. At Miami, Mo., are located two privately owned brick warehouses. No railroad connection. At Hermann, Mo., are located two municipally owned warehouses and elevators, all on railroad siding and free to boats. The above terminal facilities are open to the general public on equal terms and are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Improvement has made navigation safer and easier, fixed the river location in many places, reduced the amount of land lost by erosion. A navigation company was formed in 1910 for barge operation, with wharfage and terminal facilities at Kansas City and East St. Louis. A boat company was formed at Hermann, Mo., in 1918, and has constructed and put in commission a new towboat and barge for 61637-ENG 1923---72 1136 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. regular operation below Boonville (mile 205). This section of the river contains the greatest number of miles of continuous improved channel. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-Under approved subproject the work of permanent improvement was resumed May 19, 1923, and that done during the fiscal year by hired labor consists of 1,181 linear feet of bank graded and 195 linear feet of mattress woven. Maintenance and repair work was in progress from August 8 to November 28, 1922, but on account of lack of funds no work was done March to June, 1923. Minor breaks have been repaired dur- ing the year, as follows: Revetment, 23,491 linear feet. Snagging.-Operations continued during the year over 391 miles of this section of the river. The snag boat Missouri was in com- mission' from July to December 6, 1922, and from April 16, 1923, to the end of the fiscal year, making two full trips and one two- thirds trip during the year. She removed 1,070 snags, 114 miscel- laneous obstructions, and 3 old barge hulls from the channel and cut 26 trees and logs on caving banks, at a cost of $45,018.14, or $37.93 per obstruction. The total expenditures during the year amounted to $187,418.18, of which $9,152.87 was for new work and $178,265.31 was for main- tenance. Condition at the end of fiscal year.-Priorto the adoption of the existing project much of the work was of an experimental nature, constructed in isolated localities, and was practically obliterated without accomplishing the desired results. Under the previous proj- ect for the systematic improvement of the " first reach," a 45-mile section from Murrays Bend, near Jefferson City, Mo., to Gasconade River, there was constructed 12.3 miles of revetment, 104,040 linear feet of dike, 2,800 linear feet of abattis, and 1 bank head. The con- struction of this work extended from 1892 to 1901 and produced a low-water depth of at least 6 feet where naturally as little as 2 feet had existed. The cost was about $2,500,000. Under the existing project, beginning with the appropriation of June 25, 1910, for systematic work on the 6-foot channel, the work is about 35 per cent completed. The work accomplished includes 65.2 miles of revetment for the purpose of permanently fixing the banks, 118,016 linear feet of dikes, and 2,360 feet of abattis for recti- fication of channel widths and closing auxiliary chutes. In the improved localities, which aggregate about 139 miles in length, the channel is becoming fixed, and there is a marked improvement of channel depths. For the purpose of hastening the progress of im- provement in the most unstable sections of the river, starting points for improvement were selected as follows: Kansas City, mile 392;' Waverly, mile 299; Nigger Bend, mile 223; improved first reach, upper end above Jefferson City, mile 155, lower end at Gasconade River, mile 110; and St. Charles, mile 28. Kansas City was selected because it was the head of the improve- ment contemplated and because the river was held to some extent SWherever in this report expressions like " mile 392 " appear, the figure is the number of miles above mouth of river. RIVERS AND HARBORS-KANSAS CITY, MO., DISTRICT. 1137 for a distance of 11 miles above and 6 miles below by corporations and private interests. Waverly was selected because of bluff contact and because the river for a distance of 37 miles above had but little tendency to wander from bluff contact. Nigger Bend was selected in 1913 because improvement work had previously been done at this location and because with improve- ment in the bends immediately above and below it would soon per- mit of a completed section from Glasgow above, to, and below Boon- ville; also it was expected with continued regular appropriations to make early junction with the improvement carried upstream from Jefferson City at the upper end of the first reach. The first reach was selected because of the improvement completed by the Missouri River Commission and because it enabled work to be done from both ends; that is, up and down stream. St. Charles was selected because private interests had held and would continue to hold the river under the bridges and because it permitted the earliest extension of the improvement to the mouth of the river. Good progress has been made on two of the above subdivisions. On the first, between Kansas City and Fishing River, a distance of 54 miles, all bends have been revetted except four, and they each need about 1 mile of extension work for completion, and three locali- ties need rectification work for the proposed width. From Roche- port to Washington, a distance of 123 miles, is the second section, on which good progress has been made with the systematic improve- ment by extending the work both up and down stream from the improved " First Reach," formerly 45 miles in length, now aggre- gating about 80 miles of systematic improvement. In the other sub- divisions-Waverly, Nigger Bend, and St. Charles-the improvement now aggregates about 8, 12, and 10 miles, respectively. The work remaining to be done is the construction of the neces- sary dikes-to hold the channel along about 50 miles of bluff contact and of the necessary dikes and revetment for about 190 miles of river. Channel depths: From the opening of the navigation season, about March 1, to the end of August the stage is usually above standard low water (gauge reading at Kansas City 5.3 feet, at Boonville 5.5 feet, and at Hermann 5.7 feet), during which time the ruling depths fluctuate from as much as 9 feet at high water to 4 feet at lower stages. The low-water season extends from September to the close of the navigation season, about November 30, with river stages at and below standard low water, during which time there is not a dependable depth in excess of 31 feet from Kansas City to the mouth. During the navigation seasons of the fiscal year 1923 the river stage remained above standard low water, at which time there was a good 4-foot channel depth over all the crossings from Kansas City to the mouth. The net total expenditures under the existing project, beginning with the appropriation of June 25, 1910, for systematic work on the 6-foot channel, including $105,814.36 for maintenance dredging, are as follows: 1138 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Character.i United States Contributed Total. haracter.funds. funds. New work ..................... .................. $7, 362 870. 57 $26,550.00 $7, 389,420. 57 Maintenance ............... ............................... 2,796, 304. 97 3, 000. 00 2, 799, 304. 97 Total.................. ..................... 10,159, 175. 54 29, 550. 00 10,188,725.54 Proposed operations.-With the funds unexpended July 1, 1923, it is proposed to carry on the work, as follows: Bank stabilization work--------------------------------- $570, 000. 00 Repairs to existing dikes and revetment---------------------- 225, 000. 00 New plant: 1 steel hull towboat---------------------------------- 100, 000. 00 4 steel barges----------------- 60, 000. 00 Repairs to plant ---------------------------------------- 60, 000. 00 Surveys, superintendence and office---------------------- 52, 982. 59 Outstanding liabilities July 1, 1923--------------------------137, 210. 14 Total ---------------------------------------- 1, 205, 192.73 This district has six practically complete plants for revetment and dike construction and one repair plant available for service. It is expected to begin active operations about July 20, 1923, and work through December, 1923. Work will be suspended on account of winter conditions during January and February, 1924, and re- sumed March 1 to continue to June 30, 1924. Superintendence and office expenses average about $4,000 per month, and the necessary funds have been estimated to retain the present office force and engineer forces to July 31, 1924. The sum of $1,500,000 can be profitably expended on the existing project in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, as follows: Systematic works of improvement: Bank stabilization work -------------------------------- $940, 000 Maintenance and repair: Repairs to existing dikes and revetment------------------- 280, 000 New plant: 1 steel hull towboat----- --------------------------- 100, 000 4 steel barges -------------------------- ------ 60, 000 Other expenses: Ordinary repairs to floating plant--------------------------70, 000 Superintendence arit office expenses------------------- 50, 000 Total -------------------------------------------- 1, 500, 000 The Government plant to be operated on the river during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, the expenditures for which are in- cluded in the above estimated amount, consists of six working plants. Each construction plant consists of a towboat, a quarter boat, one hydraulic grader for revetment construction, and one or two pile drivers for dike construction, a mattress barge, and eight material barges, with other small pieces, and requires about $150,000 per year for its operation, including the cost of material for the work it does. Each repair plant consists of a towboat, a quarter boat, a combined grader and pile driver, and four material barges, with necessary small pieces, and requires about $75,000 per year for its operation, including the material for the repair work. RIVERS AND HARBORS-KANSAS CITY, MO., DISTRICT. .139 In addition to the work done by the regular repair forces;, it is estimated that the construction forces will expend about $75,000 in repairs to work in their immediate vicinity. It is proposed to let as much new work as practicable by contract. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the past five years was * as follows: Comparative statement. Year. Tons. Value. Year. Tons. Value. 1918 .................... 142,981 $830,769 1921.................... 139, 544 $330, 604 1919................. 141,094 405,119 1922.................. 176,550 301,635 1920................. 203,153 905,547 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $148,798.88: New work------------------ -------------------- $14, 679, 348. 90 Maintenance-------- -- --------------------------- 13,142, 957. 12 Net total expended-- ---------------------------- 17, 822, 306. 02 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------- -19, 027, 498. 75 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 2........ 2 $915, 597. 55 $624, 211.20 $186, 941.90 .......... $9,152.87 Expended for maintenance ..... 295, 207.74 292, 216.29 266, 064. 19 38$186, 432.92 178, 265.31 Total expended 2.......... 1,210, 805. 29 916, 427.49 453, 006.09 186, 432. 92 187, 418. 18 Appropriated or allotted......... 900,058.00 200,000. 00 214,134.49 100, 000.00 1, 200, 000. 00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------------------------- $144, 206. 10 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923 -- ------------------------------- 1, 200, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 -------------- 48, 404. 81 1,392, 610. 91 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: 2 For new work_ -__------------------ $9, 152. 87 For maintenance ---------------------- 178, 265. 31 187, 418. 18 July 1, 1923, Balance unexpended_. 1, 205, 192. 73 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities 137, 210. 14 July 1, 1923, balance available, including $335,000 available only for maintenance------- --------------------- - 1, 068, 136. 13 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for comple- tion of existing project------------------------------ ' 11, 000, 000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work and maintenance-------------- 1, 500, 000.00 1The expenditures for maintenance are for the last 19 years only. It is impracticable to separate the expenditures for new work and for maintenance for prior years. 2 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 8 Changed from amount reported last year, which was in error. 'Exclusive of available funds. 1140 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 2. MISSOURI RIVER, KANSAS CITY, MO., TO SIOUX CITY, IOWA. (A2.) Location and description.-Length, 409 miles. (See p. 1133.) Original condition.-This section of the river was similar to the section below Kansas City. The low-water depth on many crossings was 2 feet. Before improvement the river was navigable through- out this entire section. The first steamboat reached Council Bluffs in 1819. Previous projects.-Snagging operations extended to this section in 1868. The first regulation work was constructed at St. Joseph and Nebraska City under the provisions of the river and harbor act of August 14, 1876. A project for systematic improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882. Project was modified by the river and harbor acts of July 5, 1884, September 19, 1890, and June 13, 1902. The appropriations generally specified par- ticular localities for improvement. The amount expended on all projects prior to project of 1902 amounted to $2,256,496.03 for new work and maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1893 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project. The existing project for this section of the river, beginning at Kansas City, 398 miles from the mouth and extending to Sioux City, 409 miles farther upstream, was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. It provides for snagging, for bank revetment at certain specified localities, and for such other bank revetment as may in the judgment of the Chief of Engineers be in the interest of navigation. The ordinary fluctuation is about 14 feet and the extreme fluctuation about 38 feet. There is no approved estimate of cost. For latest published maps see page 2875 of Annual Report for 1919. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. The following work has been done without cooperation on the part of the United States: For bank protection by private interests a land improvement company has built during the past year a type of dike called " re- tards " at a total cost of $635,302.50, as follows: Dakota City, Nebr., right bank, mile 800.-Unfinished work from last year. A system of 18 retards built along about 5 miles of river bank at a cost of $125,000. East Omaha drainage district, right bank, mile 668.-Unfinished work from last year. A system of 19 retards built along about 3.5 miles of river bank at a cost of $152,500. Illinois Central Railroad Co., left bank, mile 665.-Replaced 2 re- tards and extended system by building 3 additional retards at a cost of $26,199; and to break up eddy action below the bridge at mile 662.2 built one retard at a cost of $15,000. Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co., right bank, mile 654.-Extended system near Gibson Landing by building 3 new re- tards at a cost of $15,600. Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co., left bank, mile 641.- Near Folsom, Iowa, built a system of 9 retards along about 2 miles of river bank at a cost of $77,389. RIVERS AND HARBORS-KANSAS CITY, MO., DISTRICT. 114-1 Missouri River bank protection district, left bank, mile.695.- A system of 9 retards built along about 2.5 miles of river bank at a cost of $53,287. Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, Co., right bank, mile 594.-Near Barney, Nebr. repaired existing retard and extended protection by building 4 additional retards, at a cost of $22,918. Corning drainage district, left bank, mile 556.--Unfinished work from last year. Extended 3 flanked retards and completed the sys- tem of 14 retards along about 2.5 miles of river bank, at a cost of $87,169.50. Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co., left bank, mile 501.-To break up eddy action near the mouth of the Nodaway River built 2 retards at a cost of $25,200. Chicago Great Western Railroad Co., left bank, mile 42.--This company has had much trouble in maintaining a navigable channel through the draw of its bridge at Leavenworth, Kans. To rectify the condition one retard 800 feet long was built from left bank above the bridge, at a cost of $35,600. Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co.-Mainly along the left bank from Kansas City to Omaha, has expended during the year $72,174.42, in addition to the cost of retards, in repairs to river bank work as protection to its tracks, bridges, and property. Another type of bank protection known as " jetties," a modifica- tion of the stiff Brownlow weed, has been installed by private in- terests and railroads as follows: Near Geary City, Kans., right bank, mile 460.-Three jetties, pre- viously installed by a land owner, were extended 50 feet each, at a cost of $1,000. Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad Co., left bank, mile 456.-In cooperation with land owners installed a system of jetties along about 3 miles of river bank at a cost of $36,000. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-Improvement has made navigation safer and easier, and near important towns and bridges has reduced the amount of land lost by erosion. Operations and results during fiscal year.-All work during the year was accomplished by hired labor with Government plant. The total expenditures were all for maintenance and divided as follows: United States Contributed funds. funds. Repairs to existing revetment ............................................. ............. . $996.96 Snagging over 416 miles of river ............................... ....... 10,376.95 ........... Repair of snag boat.............. ........... ....... 2.............. .............. 2,590.76 Care of plant ............ .............. . ................... 1....194. 40.. 1.. Superintendence and office and survey....... ........................... 11, 715.93 .. ............. Total........................ ................... 25, 878.04 996.96 The snag boat Mandan removed 195 snags and 10 drift heaps from the channel and cut 206 trees on caving banks. Repairs were made to 1,000 linear feet of revetment at Quindaro Bend and paid ** ^nm contributed funds. 1142 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The hindrances to easy naviga- tion are snags and shifting shallow channels, for bQth of which caving banks found in every bend are answerable. Dikes and revetments have been built in a few of these bends to protect the banks, thereby fixing the channel and at the same time cutting off the supply of snags. The effect of such work is strictly local. Where the great majority of the bends are disregarded, owing to prohibitive expense attached to general improvement, the effect upon the river as a whole is unimportant. Removal of snags has been of marked benefit to navigation, as it affects the entire river. While the destruction of snags will never be finished so long as there are wooded shores to precipitate tree trunks into the stream, yet were snagging to be dis- continued the river would soon revert to an impassable state for navi- gation. The maximum draft over the shoalest part of this section was 3 feet at mean low water, this depth occurring during the four months preceding the close of the navigation season November 30. During the remainder of the season the ruling depth fluctuated, but there was not a dependable depth of more than 4 feet over this entire sec- tion for any considerable length of time. The total net expenditures under the existing project are as fol- lows: Character. United fundsStates Contributed funds. Total. Total. New work ................................................ $375, 518. 69 $203, 813.32 $579, 332. 01 Maintenance .... ................................... 505, 383.21 24, 279. 47 529, 662. 68 Total........................ ....... ..... ........ 880, 901.90 228,092. 79 1,108, 994.69 Proposed operations.-With the funds unexpended July 1, 1923, it is proposed to carry on the work as follows: Survey, superintendence, and office----------------------- $47, 164. 83 Outstanding liabilities, July 1, 1923--------------------- 3, 279. 62 Total __ ---------------------------------------- 50, 444. 45 A survey of the river from Sioux City to Kansas City is in progress, at a cost of about $2,500 per month, and it is expected to complete the field work by December 31, 1923. It is expected that the above funds available for this work will be exhausted about June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the past six years was as follows: Comparative statement. Year. Tons. Value. Year. Tons. Value. 1917........................42,715 $12,790 1920.................... 149,255 $185,030 1918............... .... 50,226 309, 388 1921................... 110,512 246,945 1919................. 63, 941 28,091 1922..................... 97,399 171,607 RIVERS AND HARBORS--KANSAS CITY, MO.2 DISTRICT. 1:143 Financial summary. UNITED STATES FUNDS. Amounting expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $49,913.54: New work_------------- _......$2, 632, 014. 72 Maintenance ---------- __---_--------- 1505, 383. 21 Net total expended -------------------------------- 3, 137, 397. 93 Total appropriations to date of this report------------- 3, 187, 842. 38 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........ ....... ....................... ... ........................ Expended for maintenance 2..... $20, 464. 50 $5, 544. 95 $7, 237. 34 $62,473. 57 $25, 878.04 Appropriated or allotted........ 10,000.00 ................ ......... 75, 000.00 25, 000..00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended_________________________ $27, 132. 49 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923--------- ------------------------------ 25, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923_ -__-_ _____ 24, 190. 00 " 76, 322. 49 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 25, 878. 04 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended______ ____ ______ 50, 444. 45 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities _________________________ 3, 279. 62 July 1, 1923, balance available __________________________ 47, 164. 83 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work___----------------------------------------- $203, 813. 32 Maintenance ----------------------------------- 24, 279. 47 Net total expended ----- -------------------------- 228, 092. 79 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------228, 092. 79 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work... ............................... Appropriated or allotted.................................... ......................... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ------------------------- --- $996. 96 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance___ 996.96 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR MISSOURI RIVER, KANSAS CITY, MO., TO SIOUX CITY, IOWA. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $49,913.54: New work --------------------------------------- $2, 860, 018. 04 Maintenance -------------------------------------- 505, 472. 68 Net total expended----------------------------- 3, 365, 490. 72 Total appropriations to date of this report- ----------- 3, 415, 935. 17 1 The expenditures for maintenance are for the last 19 years only. It is impracticable to separate the expenditures for new work and for maintenance for prior years. Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1144 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.......................... ......................... Expended for maintenance 1..... $20, 464.50 $5, 544.95 $7, 237.34 $62, 473.57 $26, 875.00 Appropriated or allotted......... 10, 000. 00 ............. ............. 75,000.00 25,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ---- __-------.---- $28, 129. 45 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923 ------------------------------------------- 25, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 -------------- 24, 190.00 77, 319. 45 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- ----- 26, 875.00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -- ------------------------ 50, 444. 45 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------- __-------------- 3, 279. 62 July 1, 1923, balance available, including $47,164.83, available only for maintenance--------------------------------------- 47, 164. 83 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS (QUINDARO BEND). Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work --- ------ -- -- Maintenance ------------ --------------------------- $7, 500. 00 __-__--- Total appropriations to date of this report----------- 7, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........ ...............--..... .................................. - Expended formaintenance..... ................. ................. ................ . 996.96 Appropriated or allotted.......................................................... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended__- ----------------------- $996. 96 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance___ 996. 96 3. MISSOURI RIVER, SIOUX CITY, IOWA, TO FORT BENTON, MONT. (A3.) Location and description.-Length, 1,478 miles. See page 1133. Original condition.-This section of the river to Milk River (1,130 miles) was similar to the river below Sioux City. Above Milk River (348 miles) it was of the nature of a mountain stream with a swift current and rocky bed. The low-water depth at many crossings was 2 feet. Before improvement the river was navigable throughout this entire section for 1,478 miles. The first steamboat reached the Yellowstone in 1832 and Fort Benton in 1859. Previous projects.-Projectswere adopted by river and harbor acts as follows: August 14, 1876, for improvement above the mouth of the Yellowstone; June 18, 1878, for improvement at Sioux City; 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-KANSAS CITY, MO., DISTRICT. 1145 March 3, 1879, for improvement at Vermilion, S. Dak., and August 2, 1882, for improvement from Sioux City to Fort Benton. The project was modified by the following river and harbor acts: Sep- tember 19, 1890, which extended the improvement to the foot of Great Falls, and August 18, 1894, which extended the improvement to Stubbs Ferry, Mont. (Cascade). No appropriations above Fort Benton have been made since 1896. The amount expended on all projects was $2,827,268.06, which may be divided as follows: Prior to July 1, 1903, new work and maintenance, $2,501,150.25, includ- ing $65,933.73 expended above Great Falls; subsequent to July 1, 1903, $109,730.07 for new work and $216,405.24 for maintenance. (For further details of previous projects see page 1894 of Annual Report for 1915.) Existing project.-This provides for the expenditure of from ;75,000 to $150,000 yearly for five years in the removal of snags and rocks from the channel and in bank protection within easy boat reach of landings, towns, and railroad crossings between Sioux City, 807 miles above the mouth, and Fort Benton. At Sioux City the ordi- nary fluctuation is about 10.4 feet, and the extreme fluctuation (freshet of 1892 from Floyd River) is about 25 feet. At Fort Benton the ordinary fluctuation is about 7.3 feet, and the extreme fluctuation is about 15.8 feet. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of July 25, 1912, provided for the expenditure of from $75,000 to $150,000 between Sioux City and Fort Benton (H. Doc. No. 91, 62d Cong., 1st sess.). A map of this stretch of river, 1,478 miles in length, accompanies the report cited above. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. The following work has been done without cooperation on the part of the United States: For bank protection by private interests a land improvement company has 1built during the past year a type of dike called "retards" at a total cost of $69,525, as follows : Missouri River banas protection district No. 1, left bank, mile 93 (above Sioux City).--A system of six retards along about 2 miles of river bank, at a cost of $30,000. Brookey Bottoms drainage district, right bank, mile 61.-A system of 11 retards along about 4.5 miles of river bank, at a cost of $39,525. Terminal facilities.-At Bismarck, N. Dak., is a privately owned warehouse which has railroad connection. The siding is along the top of revetted bank and is open to the general public for interchange of traffic between the boats and railroad without charge. At Washburn, N. Dak., is located, on revetted bank, a privately owned elevator with railroad connection. At Deapolis, Expansion, and Crows Heart Landing, N. Dak., are located privately owned State-licensed elevators. These places have good dirt-road connections with the railroads. At Lismas, Mont., are located two privately owned warehouses. The above terminal facilities are open to the general public on equal terms and are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Improvement has benefited commercial boats handling the commodities of territory without rail facilities and adjacent to the river. 1146 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARIVIY, 1923. Operations and results during fiscal year.-All work during the- year was accomplished by hired labor and Government plant. The snag boat Mandan removed 340, snags and miscellaneous ob- structions from the river. The revetment on the right bank along- old Marion Island, near Fort Pierre, was repaired for a length of 210 feet. The total expenditures were all for maintenance and divided as follows: Repairs to revetment -- ------------------------------ $1, 799. 10, Operation of snag boats including repairs---------------------- 9, 373. 12 Care of plant at ice harbors -------------------------------- 2, 071. 25 Superintendence and office- ------------------------------ 1, 883.35, Total ------------ --------------------------- 15, 126. 82 Condition at end of fiscal year.-Snagging has been conducted with regularity over the entire division of the river since 1891. On the 172-mile portion between Carroll, Mont., and Fort Benton, called the Rocky River, rock dams and dikes have been built to increase the depths of shoals, and the rapids have been cleared of rocks and bowl- ders. Between Carroll and Sioux City dikes and revetments have, been placed within easy reach of towns, landings, and railroad cross- ings, as being the localities where the most pronounced improvement could be effected at relatively small cost. From April to, October,. inclusive, drafts of 32 inches are practicable to Pierre, S. Dak., 2& inches to Carroll, Mont., and 22 inches to Fort Benton. The net total expenditures under existing project amount to $598,- 098.92, of which $268,593.52 has been expended in new work and $329,505.40 in maintenance. Proposed operations.-With the funds unexpended July 1, 1923, it is proposed to carry on the work, as follows: Bank stabilization work___ ---------------------------------- $24, 000. 00 Care of plant at ice harbors-- ------------------------------ 3, 000. 00 Surveys, superintendence and office- -------------- 8, 691. 45 _-------- Outstanding liabilities July 1, 1923-------------------------- 1, 209. 63 Total ---------------------------------------- 36, 901. 08 It is expected that the above funds available for this work will be exhausted about June 30, 1924. The amount of $15,000 should be made available for such inci- dental expenditures for inspection, superintendence and office and care of plant at ice harbors as may be required during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the past six years was, as follows: Comparative statement. RIVERS AND HARBORS-KANSAS CITY, MO., DISTRICT. 1147 Financial summary. .Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $16,514.51: New work----------------- --------------------- $2, 879, 455. 84 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 545, 911. 14 Net total expended ------------------------------- 3, 425, 366. 98 "Total appropriations to date of this report-.______-- . 3, 462, 268. 06 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work................................ ...... Expended for maintenance 1..... $16, 532. 99 $27, 624. 20 $34, 519. 23 $22,214. 84 $15, 126. 82 Appropriated or allotted........ ..................... ........................... 20, 000.00 15, 000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ----------- __ -$37, 027.90 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923_ 15, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922----------------------------------------------- 3, 000. 00 55, 027. 90 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment- -_______-_- 3, 000. 00 52, 027. 90 .June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 15, 126. 82 SJuly 1, 1923, balance unexpended__---------__----- 36, 901. 08 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities_ ..... ___-.__ -__ -___-- _ 1, 209. 63 July 1, 1923, balance available ----------------------------- 35, 691.45 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance ---------------- --------------- 15, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. _Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $215,226.93: New work------ ------------- ----- $20, 215, 009. 46 Maintenance--------------------------------------- 4, 170, 161. 47 Net total expended --------------------------- 24, 385, 070. 93 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------25, 677, 609. 19 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1 Expended for new work ........ ! $915 597.55 $624 211.20 $186,941.90 .............. $9,152.87 Expended for maintenance 1..... 332,205.23 325,385.44 307,820.76 $271,121.23 219,270. 17 . . . . . . . . . Total expended 1. 1,247,802.78 949,596.64 494,762.66 271,121.23 228,423.04 Appropriated or allotted.......... 910, 058.00 200, 000.00 214,134.49 195,0000.00 1,240,000. 00 SNot deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1148 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY,, 1923.. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-------------------------- $208; 36i. 49 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923 240, 000. 00 1------------------------------ Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 30, 1922------------------------------------ 3, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923-------- ---- 72, 594. 81 1, 523, 961. 30 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment- ----------- 3, 000. 00 1, 520, 961. 30 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year :1 For new work- --- -------------------- $9, 152.87 For maintenance ----------------------- 219, 270. 17 228,; 423. 04- July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ---- ------------_-------1, 292, 538. 26: July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------------------------- 141, 699. 39 July 1, 1923, balance available, including $417,856.28 available only for maintenance----------- ---------------------- 1, 150, 838. 87 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project - ------ -------------------------- 11, 000, 000. 00' Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work __------------ "I:, 220, 000. 009 For maintenance 2 295, 000. 00 Total -VLU ------------------------------------ 21, 515, 000. 00 4. KANSAS RIVER, KANS. Location and description.--The Kansas River, formed by the junc- tion of the Republican and Smoky Hill Rivers at FQrt Riley in east- ern Kansas, flows east for 176 miles and joins the Missouri River at Kansas City. The drainage area is 60,000 square miles. The low- water discharge is about 500 second-feet and the extreme high-water discharge is 300,000 second-feet. The low-water stage occurs from August to November. The flood stage occurs in June. The river- is affected by back water from the Missouri to Turner Bridge (mile 9.5). The banks are fairly stable and the bars are largely said and gravel. The slope is 1.85 feet per mile. The average width in the lower section is about 900 feet. The elevation of low water above sea level is 723 feet at mouth, 731 feet at Argentine Bridge (the head, of improvement, mile 5), and about 793 feet at Lawrence (mile 38, the head of possible through navigation). Originalconditions.-The width varied from 800 feet to 1,000 feet in the pools and from 60 to 300 feet at the shoals. The low-water depth below Argentine was 2 feet; above Argentine less than 1 feet. Before improvement, although obstructed by wreckage, the river was navigable to Turner Bridge (mile 9.5) except in flood stages for boats of low vertical clearance and shallow draft. There were 16 low bridges without draws at the mouth of the river and a fixed dam at Lawrence, Kans. In the fifties steamboats navigated the entire. river during high-water stages. Previous projects.-None. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. s Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-KANSAS CITY, MO., DISTRICT. 1149 Existing project.-The existing project, which applies to the river from the mouth to Argentine, 5.1 miles, provides for inspection and the removal of obstructions to the flood flow of the river. The work proposed is dredging and the removal of flood wreckage within the harbor lines to 15 feet below low water and the construction of rectification dikes at the mouth of the river. The ordinary fluctua- tion is about 14.5 feet and the extreme fluctuation is about 38 feet. There is no approved channel depth. The latest approved estimate of cost made in 1917 is $80,000, of which the United States is to fur- nish $10,000, the Kaw Valley drainage district $10,000, and local interests $60,000. For maintenance of the dikes at the mouth $1,000 is estimated. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of July 25, 1912, provided for the removal of obstructions and for inspection (H. Doc. No. 94, 62d Cong., 1st sess.), and the act of August 8, 1917, provided for cooperation with local interests in removal of obstructions and construction of dikes at the mouth (H. Doc. No. 584, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see House Document No. 584, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Private owners are to remove the bridge wreckage and other debris for which responsibility could be placed. The river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, appropriated $10,000 for completing the improvement of the Kansas River in accordance with House Document No. 584, Sixty-third Congress, second session, which provides for the removal of wreckage in cooperation with local interests, at an estimated cost of $68,000, of which the rail- roads and other concerns responsible should furnish $60,000, and the Kaw Valley drainage board offers to contribute one-half of the remaining $8,000 required to remove wreckage the ownership of which is not established and one-half of the $12,000 required to build dikes at the mouth of the river. The railroads and other parties held responsible for portions of the wreckage, as well as the Kaw Valley drainage board, are to turn over to the Secretary of War prior to the commencement of the work the amounts estimated as their share of the cost. Only preliminary steps to adjust the operations have been undertaken. The Kaw Valley drainage district, embracing the territory from Turner to the mouth, a distance of about 9 miles, has voted bonds to the extent of $1,700,000 for the construction of levees, revetment, widening of river, right of way, and condemnation. The work is well on toward completion, except removal of debris and general excavation. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-No improvement by the United States has been done, but the construction of the levees and the removal of debris and earth deposits by local interests have had the effect of confining the floods and protecting valuable property. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The district engineer has continued the supervision and inspection of levee and revetment construction, bridge reconstruction, and the removal of deposit and. debris during the year. The removal of debris and earth deposit 1150 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. has been suspended. The amount expended was $255.74 for super- vision and inspection. Condition at the end of fiscal year.-The only work done by the Government consisted of surveys, examinations, and supervision. As far as navigation is concerned, the river remains in practically its original condition. There are 16 railroad and highway bridges up to Turner, 9 miles above the mouth, 14 of which have been modi- fied or rebuilt,according to requirements. Nine old piers have been removed to scour lines. Two hundred and twenty tons of steel from wrecked bridge spans have been removed from the channel, 3,198 cubic yards of riprap stone have been removed from around old bridge piers, and earth deposits amounting to about 1,060,000 cubic yards have been removed from the channel and mainly deposited for levee construction and reinforcement along harbor lines. The total expenditures up to the end of the fiscal year amounted to $5,272.69, all for supervision and surveys. Proposed operations.-Duringthe fiscal year 1924 it is proposed to continue the supervision and inspection of improvements being conducted by local interests. No additional funds are required for the fiscal year 1925. Commercial statistics.-No commercial statistics have been col- lected. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work Maintenance----------------------------------------- $5, 272. 69 Total appropriations to date of this report--______ _______--- 5, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work...... .................................................... Expended for maintenance..... $300.00 $150.00 $261.57 $305.38 $255.74 Appropriated or allotted......... 500.00 ................ 500.00 500.00 .............. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended --------------------- $483. 05 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year. for maintenance___ 255. 74 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ___--------------227. 31 5. OSAGE RIVER, MO. Location and description.-The Osage River rises in southeastern Kansas and flows northeast for 500 miles and joins the Missouri River 142 miles from its mouth and 8 miles below Jefferson City, Mo. The drainage area is 14,800 square miles. The low-water dis- charge is 540 second-feet and the flood discharge is 158,000 second- feet. The low-water stage occurs in the fall and winter. The navi- gation season extends from March to December. The banks are stable and the bars are sand and gravel. The average slope is 0.67 foot per mile, with a width of about 600 feet. The fluctuation be- tween low and extreme high water is 31 feet at the mouth, 39.5 feet at Tuscumbia (mile 60), 40.1 feet at Linn Creek (mile 109), and RIVERS AND HARBORS-KANSAS CITY, MO., DISTRICT. 1151 41 feet at Warsaw (mile 172). The elevation of low water above sea level is 518 feet at the mouth, 545 feet at Tuscumbia, 586 feet at Linn Creek, and 634 feet at Warsaw. Back water from the Mis- souri River influences the river for 18 miles from the mouth. Originalcondition.--The river was obstructed by snags and shoals. The width in the pools was from 300 to 800 feet to within 10 miles of the mouth, where it increased from 1,000 to 1,400 feet. The width over the shoals varied from 60 to 300 feet. The shoals varied in length from 100 to 10,000 feet, with slopes of from 0.5 to 2 feet, and with a velocity as high as 6 miles per hour. The low-water depth on the shoals was 12 inches. The river was navigable as far as Roscoe, 283 miles from the mouth. Previous projects. By the United States, none. The State of Missouri and private interests did considerable improvement work prior to 1870. Existing project.--This provides for a lock and dam near the mouth of the river and open-channel work, and applies to the river from the mouth to Linn Creek, 109 miles. The lock and dam was completed in 1911. The plan for open-channel work provides for a channel 80 feet wide and 3 feet deep to be obtained by dredging and the construction of wing dams and training walls. The ordinary fluctuation is 15 feet and the: extreme fluctuation is 41 feet. LOCK AND DAM NO. 1, OSAGE RIVER. Nearest railroad station---------------------- Osage City, Mo., 6 miles. Distance above mouth of river---------------- 7 miles. Lock dimensions-------- -------------------- 42 by 220 feet. Lift of lock---_----------------------------16 feet. Depth on low miter sill at low water-----------. 9 feet. Character of foundation------------- -------- Piles in gravel. Kind of dam- with movable crest.1 F-----------------------------ixed Type of construction------------------------- Concrete. Year completed---------------------------- Lock, 1906; dam, 1911. Cost------------------------------------ $728,591.70. The approved estimate of cost made in 1917 applies to the river as far as Linn Creek and is $105,000. The approved estimate for maintenance is $8,000 annually, of which $500 is for snagging. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871 (H. Doc. No. 60, 41st Cong., 3d sess., Annual Report for 1871, p. 327), which provided for deepening the channel over the shoals by dredging as far as Roscoe, 283 miles above the mouth. It was modified by the following river and harbor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for commencement of construction of a lock and dam; the act of March 3, 1899, provided for a lock and dam (Annual Report for 1898, p. 347) ; the act of June 24, 1902, declared the river nonnavigable above the dividing line between Benton and St. Clair Counties, Mo., 185 miles; and the act of March 4, 1904, provided for the construction of a power dam without lock at Warsaw, Mo., 172 miles above the mouth, the act of January 14, 1901, having authorized the construction of the dam. For latest pub- lished map see Annual Report for 1911, page 2012. 1Fixed concrete dam 9 feet with movable crest of chanoine wickets and Chittenden drum weirs 7 feet. 61637--ENG 1923---78 1152 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-At mile 42.8, near Hoecker, Mo., is a railroad- owned warehouse and elevator which have spur-line connections to the railroad. The terminal is used principally for the transfer of railroad ties, grain, and grain products from the river territory for shipment to market over the railroad. It is open to the general public on equal terms and is considered adequate for existing com- merce. Effect of improvement.-The completion of the lock and dam has resulted in submerging 10 of the shoals next above the lock. Con- tinuous open-channel work has been practically completed to Linn Creek, Mo., a distance of 109 miles above the mouth, which has made this section of the river capable of uninterrupted navigation for light-draft traffic during the low-water periods. There are prac- tically no rail facilities, but the improvement has afforded shippers regular means of transportation by boat. Operations and results during fiscal year.-On account of the burning of the cabin of the dredge July 16, 1922, and the work in- cident to preparing a temporary dredge, work did not begin until September 13, 1922. The work was suspended December 9 on account of winter condi- tions and was carried on from April 5, 1923, to the end of the fiscal year. The maintenance work was completed at Linn Creek, Town, Foley Island, White Oak, Round Bottoms, Burds, and Long Island Shoals; about 50 per cent completed at Easter Shoal and is in progress at Big Kinsile Shoal. The work done consists of dredging 14,964 cubic yards of gravel from 4,894 linear feet of channel at a cost of $4,342.88; wing dams and training walls repaired, 1,975 linear feet, at a cost of $1,123,74; and 29 miles of river worked over, from which 23 snags and mis- cellaneous obstructions were removed from the channel at a cost of $379.43. General minor repairs and care of plant was done as needed dur- ing the year. The total expenditures during the year amounted to $12,026.84, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Records of the work by the State of Missouri prior to 1870 are very meager, but remains of wing dams and training walls aggregating 10,000 linear feet are still traceable, though much damaged by floods. The lock and dam has been com- pleted by the Government, as shown under Existing project, and has resulted in submerging 10 of the shoals next above the lock. The open-channel improvement by the Government is one which necessi- tates maintenance and renewal from year to year; hence the work must be considered indefinite. This work began in 1873, and to June 30, 1922, was as follows: Wing dams and training walls built_---------------linear feet__ 83, 792 Wing dams and training walls repaired------------------do 20, 168 Gravel dredged from channel through shoals----------- cubic yards__ 244, 206 Snags and obstructions removed from channel 714 1------------------- RIVERS AND HARBORS-KANSAS CITY, MO., DISTRICT. 1153 The result of the expenditures has been to increase the depth over the shoals, remove obstructions, and maintain navigation. In the improved sections the channel is becoming fixed, the least depth at low water over the shoals that have been improved is from 2 to 3 feet, and light-draft traffic has been made possible from Linn Creek to the mouth, 109 miles, throughout the year. In the section of the river from Linn Creek, the present head of navigation, to the head of the pool there are 54 shoals, 41 of which have been systematically improved and have 2 feet or more of navi- gable depth throughout the year, and the remaining 13 unimproved shoals have a controlling depth of 1.2 feet or more at the end of the fiscal year. The expenditures to June 30, 1923, amount to $1,119,576.52, of which $668,774.43 was for new work (including $468,419.98 for lock and dam) and $450,802.09 was for maintenance subsequent to July 1, 1903 (including $260,171.72 for maintenance and replacement of the lock and dam). Prior to that time the amounts expended for works of improvement and for maintenance were so involved that it is impracticable to separate them. Proposed operations.-With the funds unexpended July 1, 1923, it is proposed to carry on work, as follows: Wing dams, training walls, and dredging at Little Kinsile, Salt Island, Rays, Bart Stevens, and Hoskins Shoals, 5 localities, at $1,000 each--- --------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 $------ Repairs to existing dams and walls, dredging and snagging, mile 102 to mile 22____________________--_________ _ -- _ 7, 506. 69 Repairs to plant------------------------------------------- 750. 00 Superintendence and office_-- 500. 00 Outstanding liabilities July 1, 1923______________________________ 1, 166. 79 Total --------------------------------- --- 14, 923. 48 The Government plant to be operated on the river consists of a towboat, a quarterboat, a combined dredge and power boat, a ma- terial barge, and necessary small pieces. The plant requires about $15,000 per year for its operation, in- cluding the cost of materials and labor used in the work it performs. It is believed that the above work will complete the project for new work, and it is expected that the available funds will be ex- hausted by June 30, 1924. On account of the increased traffic on the river it is deemed neces- sary in the interest of navigation to continue limited dredging and snagging operations. For this reason the sum of $10,000 can be profitably expended for operations from Linn Creek (mile 109) to the head of slack water (mile 22) during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the past five years was as follows: Comparative statement. Year. Tons. Value. Year. Tons. Value. 1918..................... 34,490 $927,243 1921............ .......... 50,700 $581,436 1919 .................... 5 327 915, 451 1922............... ...... 58, 553 311, 452 1920...................... 24,547 517,791 1154 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,976.57: New work----------------------------------------- $668, 774. 43 Maintenance--_ --------------- -- 450, 802. 09 Net total expended----------------------------_ 1, 119, 576. 52 Total appropriations to date of this report ___-________---- 1, 134, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work l........ 1,253.21 .......... .. ......... Expended for maintenance 1.... 7, 691.01 $5, 936. 63 $4, 658. 29 $12, 195. 17 $12, 026. 84 Total expended 1.......... 8,944.22 5,936.63 4, 658. 29 12, 195. 17 12, 026.84 Appropriated or allotted............... 2,500.00 2,000.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 10,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---------------------------$16, 918. 40 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923- ---- ----------------------- 10, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 --------------- 31. 92 26, 950. 32 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 12, 026. 84 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -------------------------- 14, 923. 48 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities , 166. 79 1----------------------- July 1, 1923, balance available.---------------------------- 13, 756. 69 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance-------- ------------------- 210, 000. 00 6. GASCONADE RIVER, MO. (B3.) Location and description.-The Gasconade River rises in southern Missouri and flows northeast for 200 miles and enters the Missouri River at Gasconade, 110 miles from the mouth and 7 miles above Hermann. The drainage area is 3,500 square miles. The low-water discharge is 450 second-feet and the high-water discharge is 40,000 second-feet. The low-water stage occurs from August to October. The navigation season extends from March to December. The banks are subject to slight erosion and the bars are sand and gravel. The slope over the navigable section is 1.24 feet per mile from the mouth to Gascondy (61.4 miles and limit of improvement), and 1.58 feet from Gascondy to Arlington (46.4 miles and the head of navigation). The width is 400 feet. The fluctuation between high and low water is 29 feet. The elevation of low water above sea level is 491 feet at the mouth, 532 feet at Cooper Hill (mile 39.5), 568 feet at Gascondy (mile 61.4), and 663 at Arlington (mile 108). The backwater of the Missouri River influences the river for 10 miles above the mouth. Originalcondition.-The river was obstructed by snags and shoals. The average width in the pools was 300 to 500 feet and in the shoals 12 Not deducting receipts from sales, Exclusive of available funds. etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-KANSAS CITY, MO., DISTRICT. 1155 60 to 200 feet. The shoals varied in length from 100 to 5,000 feet and in fall from 1l to 6 feet per mile, and the velocity in some cases was as high as 5 miles per hour. ,The low-water depth on the shoals was 9 inches. The river was navigated to Arlington, 108 miles from the mouth. Previous projects.-By the United States, none. Previous to 1880, private interests constructed wing dams and training walls at the worst shoals. Existing project.-This provides for maintenance and relief from year to year by the removal of obstructions to navigation and the regulation of channel flow to increase the depth of the shoals. The work contemplated on the 62-mile section of the river is snagging and the regulation of channel widths and depths by the construction of wing dams and training walls to secure a channel width through the shoals of about 80 feet, with a depth of 2 feet at mean low water. In recent years regulation work for open-channel improvement has been confined to the section below the town of Cooper Hill, 39.5 miles above the mouth. At the mouth of the river the ordinary fluctuation is about 14 feet and the extreme fluctuation is about 29 feet. At Gascondy, Mo., 61.4 miles above the mouth, the extreme fluctuation is about 29 feet. The original estimate of cost for the open-channel work, exclusive of amount expended on previous project, was $50,000 for a partial plan up to the town of Vienna, 79 miles above the mouth. The first appropriation was made by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880. (S. Doc. No. 99, 46th Cong., 2d sess.) The river and harbor act approved July 27, 1816, provided for the removal of the dam near Heckmanns Mill at Priors Bend, or any other obstruction to the flow of water at or near that point, in the discretion of the Secretary of War. For latest published map see House Document No. 190, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommended modifliations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.--Herman, Mo., located on the Missouri River, 7 miles below the mouth of the Gasconade River, is the point of transfer of freight to and from the boats and railroad. The land- ing area is limited, but there are two municipally owned warehouses and elevators. On the Gasconade River from Cooper Hill (mile 39.5) to the mouth there are about 20 small warehouses, located at accessible boat landings for the storing and receiving of freight. The above terminal facilities are open to the general public on equal terms and are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Navigation has been made much easier. The improvement has afforded shippers a means of transportation by boat in a territory where few rail facilities are available, and the roads are poor and frequently impassable. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-A small force was organized at the Gasconade boat yard and proceeded to Turnpike Shoal (mile 12) where snagging operations were begun and carried on downstream to Bocks Bar (mile 3). The plant was then towed to 1156 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Priors Bend (mile 32) and resumed operations, and at the end of the year had worked downstream to near Turnpike Shoal. The work done consisted of working over 29 miles of river from which 295 snags were removed from the channel and 161 leaning trees cut from adjacent banks, at a cost of $2,772.39; and 100 linear feet of training wall repaired, at a cost of $77.21. General minor repairs and care of plant was done as needed, at a cost of $748.86. The total expenditures during the year amounted to $2,384.78, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.- The improvement of this river by open-channel methods has been prosecuted at some of the worst shoals, but no consolidated tabulation of the work accomplished can be made, as the earlier records do not state the amount of work done. The resilt of the expenditure has been to increase the depth over the shoals, remove obstructions, and maintain navigation. In the im- proved localities the channel is becoming fixed, but the present ruling depth (9 inches) at low water is no greater than it was before im- provement was begun. The net total expenditures to the end of the fiscal year amounted to $224,261.72, of which $143,186.37 was for new work and $81,075.35 was for maintenance after July 1, 1903. Prior to that time the amount expended for works of improvement and for maintenance were so involved that it is impracticable to separate them. Proposed operations.-Withthe funds unexpended July 1, 1923, it is proposed to carry on work, as follows: Repairs to wing dams and training walls at Upper and Lower Stake and Upper and Lower Woodpecker Shoals, 4 localities, at $250 each ------------------------------------------------- $1, 000. 00 Care of plant, superintendence, and office----------------------- 357. 44 Outstanding liabilities, July 1, 1923 , 380. 84 --------------------- 1------ Total---------------- ------------------------------ 2, 738. 28 The Government plant to be operated on the river consists of a quarter boat, a combined dredge and power boat, a material barge, and necessary small pieces. The plant requires about $2,500 for one snagging trip over the river. It is expected that the available funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. The sum of'$5,000 will. be needed to rebuild the power boat and carry on snagging and maintenance operations for one year, and this amount can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the past six years was as follows: Comparative statement. Year. Tons. Value. Year. Tons. Value. 1917..................... 24, 523 $254,443 1920..'.................... 13,417 $206, 278 1918..................... 12,080 141,803 1921..................... 11,431 76,138 1919 ...................... 12 194 300,427 1922...................... 5,527 52,937 RIVERS AND HARBORS--KANSAS CITY, l O., DISTRICT.' 1157 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $132.11: New work ---------------------------------------- $143, 186. 37 Maintenance ---------- ------------------------------- 81, 075. 35 Net total expended_,. - - - - ------ - - - - - - -- 1224, 261. 72 Total appropriations to date of this report _______------227, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............................ Expended for maintenance 2..... 52. 57 $4,028.62 $2, 908. 82 $388. 67 $2, 384.78 Appropriated or allotted....... .......... ............. 1,000.00 4, 000.00 ...... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------------------------- $5, 123. 06 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance- 2, 384. 78 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------------------------- 2, 738.28 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-------------------------- 1, 380. 84 July 1, 1923, balance available 357. 44 1-------, Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance-__ ------- ________85, 000. 00 7. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCK AND DAM NO. 1, OSAGE RIVER. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for improving Osage River, Mo. See pages 1150 to 1154, where general information regarding the improvement can be found. The completed lock and dam has been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since July 1, 1912. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The lock and dam was operated and maintained by hired labor. The regular force consists of one lock master, one assistant lock master, and three lockmen. The wickets are operated from a maneuvering barge. The Chittenden weirs are operated by hydraulic pressure, assisted by compressed air. The work done during the year consisted of the operation and care of the lock and dam when needed,, miscellane- ous repairs to lock gates, dam, and buildings and caring for and improving the grounds. A roadway 35 feet wide along 2,265 feet of the river bank from the lock grounds to the public road was purchased at a cost of $526.95. The butterfly valves were over- hauled and new seats for set screws were cut in operating shafts to assure turning of valves with the shaft. The channel work con- sisted of dredging excessive deposit front the upper and lower en- trance to the lock gates, at a cost of $278.04. 1 Expenditures subsequent to July 1, 1903. Prior to that time the amounts expended for new work and maintenance were so involved that it is impracticable to separate them. 2 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. a Exclusive of available funds. 1158 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The total expenditures during the fiscal year amounted to $12,385.80. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The lock was placed in operation in March, 1906, and the dam in February, 1911, but the dam was not entirely completed until January, 1914. The actual cost of the lock and dam was $728,591.70, of which $260,171.72 was expended for reconstruction and repair before the work was entirely completed. As a result of the completed work there is now a 3-foot channel depth at low water extending to the first shoal improved by open-channel work, mile 21 above. The total expenditures to the end of the fiscal year from the indefinite appropriation were $89,097.80. Proposed operations.-The lock and dam will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-Included in statistics for Osage River. EXAMINATION AND SURVEY REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED SEPTEMBER 22, 1922. The local engineer was charged with the duty of making a pre- liminary examination and survey provided for by the river and har- bor act of September 22, 1922, of Missouri River, between Kansas City, Kans., from the upper end of Quindaro Bend, and Pierre, S. Dak., and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE NASHVILLE, TENN., DISTRICT. This district includes the entire drainage basin of the Cumberland River, the drainage basin of the Tennessee River from Riverton, Ala., to its mouth, where it enters the Ohio River at Paducah, Ky., and the territory of all the southern tributaries of the Ohio River and eastern tributaries of the Mississippi River between the mouth df the Cumberland River and the thirty-fifth parallel of latitude, about 20 miles below Memphis, Tenn. The most important of these tributaries are the Obion and Hatchie River systems. The district embraces a large portion of middle and western Tennessee, a portion of western Kentucky, and small portions of eastern Kentucky, northern Alabama, and northern Mississippi. District engineer: Lieut. Col. J. R. Slattery, Corps of Engineers, to February 19, 1923, and Maj. Harold C. Fiske, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineer: Col. C. W. Kutz, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS. [The letters and figures in parentheses indicate the group, and the numerical order in the group, to which the respective imiprovements belong for purposes of appropriation.] Page. Page. 1. Cumberland River, Tenn. and 3. Operating and care of locks and Ky., below Nashville (Al) _ 1158 dams on Cumberland River_ 1171 2. Cumberland River, Tenn. and 4. Tennessee River below River- Ky., above Nashville (A2) 1164 ton, Ala___--- ----------- 1173 RIVERS AND HARBORS--NASHVILLE, TENN., DISTRICT. 1159 CUMBERLAND RIVER, TENN. AND KY. (GROUP A.) 1. CUMBERLAND RIVER, TENN. AND KY., BELOW NASHVILLE. (Al.) Location and description.-The Cumberland River is formed by the junction of Poor and Clover Forks in Harlan County, Ky., about 687 miles above its mouth, and flows west to Burnside, Ky., from whence it makes a loop into Tennessee, passes Nashville, and returns to Kentucky, emptying into the Ohio near Smithland, Ky. The project provides for the improvement of the 326.1 miles of the river between Burnside and Nashville and of the 192.6 miles below Nash- ville. At Burnside, the proposed head of navigation, the drainage area is 3,528 square miles, and at the mouth of the river'17,758 square miles. The extreme low-water discharge at Burnside is 250 second- feet, and at the mouth 1,100 second-feet, and the high-water dis- charge is estimated at 125,000 second-feet at Burnside, .200,000 second-feet at Nashville, and no estimate has been prepared for the maximum discharge at the mouth of the river. The average width of the river varies from about 300 feet between Burnside and Nash- ville to from 400 to 500 feet below Nashville. The slope averages 0.66 foot per' mile between Burnside and Nashville and 0.4 foot per mile below Nashville. The average fall in Smiths Shoals just above Burnside, is 6.2 feet per mile. The currents are moderate, except at some of the shoals. (See United States post-route map of Kentucky and Tennessee.) Original condition.-The river below Nashville was considerably obstructed by rocky ledges, conglomerate gravel and sand bars, snags, and other surface obstructions, on account of which navigation was rendered very uncertain, though steamboat navigation was usually possible over the entire section of 192.6 miles for five or six months in the year. The minimum available extreme low-water depth was probably not more than 6 inches. Previous projects.-The river and harbor act of July 17, 1832,, made the first appropriation for this section of the river, but the act of March 3, 1871, was the first to define a project for its improve- ment. The river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, adopted a special project for the improvement of the mouth of the river. The total amount expended on all projects prior to the adoption of present or canalization project in 1892 was $460,000, all of which was for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1901 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the construction of six locks and dams (Locks A to F), beginning with Lock A, 41.4 miles below Nashville, and ending with Lock F, 149 miles below Nashville, to, secure 6-foot navigation at low water between Lock F and Lock 1, the first lock constructed under the project for the section of the river above Nashville. The construction of Lock and Dam No. 52, Ohio River, is expected to create a pool of more than 6-foot 'depth in the Cumberland River as far as Lock and Dam F. Pending the completion of Lock and Dam No. 52, sufficient dredging below Lock and Dam F is contem- plated to give 4k-foot depth, if necessary, for existing navigation. 110O REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, TU S. ARMY, 1923. The following table shows the principal features of the locks and dams included in the project: Lock A. Lock B. Lock C. Nearest railroad station....... Fox Bluff, Tenn., at Hickory Point, Tenn., Sailors Rest, Tenn., 1 station, one-half mile. mile. Distance above mouth of river.. 151.2 miles............ 141.1 miles.......... 109.4 miles. Lock dimensions 1.......... 52 by 280 feet......... 52 by 280 feet.......... 52 by 280 feet. Lift above normal pool of dam 12.75 feet.......... 12 feet............... 12 feet. below. Depth on miter sills at low water{6.5 feet, upper.... .5 feet.............. 6.5 feet. 6.8 feet, lower-.:::::: Character of foundation......... Rock.................. Rock................. Rock. Kind of dam. ........ ............ Fixed ................. Fixed................. Fixed. Type of construction.......... Stone masonry lock, Concrete lock, timber Concrete lock, timber timber crib dam. crib dam. crib dam. Placed in operation............. Nov. 26, 1904......... Nov. 9, 1916 2.......... Sept. 2, 1918.6 Cost of lock and dam........ $390,600............ $563,992.55........... $595,569.88. Lock D. Lock E. Lock F. Nearest railroad station........ Bear Spring, Tenn., Cadiz, Ky., 12 miles... Eddyville, Ky., at sta- 5( miles. tion. Distance above mouth of river.. 88.2 miles ............. 65.7 miles............ 43.6 miles. Lock dimensions...... .. 52 by 280 feet........... 52 by 280 feet......... 52 by 280 feet. Lift above normal pool of dam 11 feet ................ 10 feet............... 13.3 feet. below. Depth on miter sills at low water 6.5 feet ................ 6.5 feet ............... 6.5 feet.' Character of foundation......... Rock 4....... .... Rock 4................ Rock.4 Kind of dam................... Fixed............ Fixed................. Fixed. Type of construction............ Concrete lock, timber Concrete lock, timber Concrete lock, timber crib dam. crib dam. crib dam. Placed in operation....... Dec. 21, 1916 5......... Nov. 20, 1922.......... 66 per cent completed. Cost of lock and dam......... $494,682.28............ $1,085,300 (estimated). $1,154,000 (estimated). 1Clear width and length available for the full width. 2 Construction of 1 lo-khouse and other minor work remain to be done. 8 Referred to low-water open river. 4 Abutment founded on piles; dam partly on rock and partly on gravel. 5 Constructicn of 1 lockhouse remains to be done. 6Construction of 2 lockhouses and other minor work remain to be done. The extreme fluctuation in the stage of the river varies from about 34 feet to about 61.5 feet at different localities. Fluctuations below extreme high water are so variable that it is impracticable to fix the stage commonly referred to on other streams as ordinary high water. Excluding amount expended under previous projects, the estimated cost of the project, according to the latest revision (in 1919), is $4,596,448.01. For a detailed statement of this revision, see page 1282, Annual Report for 1920. The estimate of annual cost of operation and maintenance, made in 1909, is $40,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and habor acts: The act of July 13, 1892, provided for Lock A (Annual Report for 1890, p. 2151) ; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for Locks B to F, and for the dredging below Lock F (H. Docs. Nos. 758, 60th Cong. 1st sess., and 1481, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). For map see House Document No. 1481, Sixteenth Congress, second session, page 8. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-Thereare two macadamized wharves at Nash- ville owned by the city, one of which is covered with mud and is no longer used, and one at Clarksville, privately owned, but open to public use. There is a free public landing at Eddyville, Ky. Pri- vately owned facilities that are open to public use consist of two rail- RIVERS AND HARBORS-NASHVILLE, TENN., DISTRICT. 1161 way inclines or river sidings at Nashville, and a wharf boat at Clarks- ville. Privately owned facilities not open to public use consist of an inclined tramway at Dover, Tenn., an unloading trestle and a river and rail warehouse at Nashville, Tenn. At Nashville there is also one warehouse, with endless belt conveyor and a trestle with travel- ing crane, both owned and operated privately. There are many unimproved private landings along the river, at a number of which are sheds or warehouses without regular attendants, where the owners receive and care for freight at reasonable charges. The city of Nashville erected a modern river terminal and warehouse building in 1922, under plans approved by the War Department. This terminal is a five-story building, built of reinforced concrete with brick trimmings, and is 300 feet long and 140 feet wide, having large and convenient loading platforms, with entrances for wagons and trucks, and track connection with the Tennessee Central Rail- way, near by. The terminal is equipped with three large freight 'elevators, traveling crane, and belt conveyer, all electrically operated. The existing commerce is generally being handled with considerable risk of damage because of lack of adequate terminal facilities. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Probablydue to the uncompleted state of the improvement, little effect has as yet been produced on through river traffic. However, local river traffic has been greatly facilitated over the improved section, which is now in excellent condition. Until the completion of the work of canalizing this section by finishing Lock and Dam F and improving the river below that point by dredg- ing or by creating pool water from Dam No. 52, Ohio River, no through commerce can be expected, and hence the full benefits of the locks and dams now in operation will not be apparent. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Contracts: The con- tract for constructing and delivering steel hull for the dredge Tishomingo was completed, as was also the contract for steel gates for Lock E. During the year a contract was let for steel gates for Lock F, and the gates were fabricated and delivered at the lock site, but erection was not commenced. A contract was also let for 14 steel barges, 2 of which are payable from funds for this section of the river. The only work done on this contract before the close of the fiscal year was the preparation of shop drawings and the delivery of a portion of the steel at the plant of the contractor. The following work was done by hired labor and United States plant: Lock E: The abutment at Lock and Dam E was completed and the dam begun and completed. The work on this lock and dam is now complete, except for back filling above the dam, placing con- crete paving behind lock wall, placing about 100 cubic yards of con-, crete in upper guard wall, cleaning up reservation, and a number of minor items. The lock was placed in operation November 20, 1922. Lock F: Concreting of lock walls was brought to completion, ex- cept for lower guide wall (which was 30 per cent complete) and upper guard wall (which was 60 per cent complete). The abutment was begun and completed. Timber for the dam was purchased and stored near the site. About 50 per cent of the rock necessary 1162 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. for the dam was stored near the site. About 99,630 cubic-yards of earth were excavated in aligning and grading bank at and near the abutment. The amount expended was $488,696.44, all of which was for new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.--Lock A has been completed.. Locks B, C, and D are in operation and have been practically com- pleted, as shown in table under Existing project. Lock E is in op- eration and has been about 96 per cent completed. Lock F is under construction. The project as a whole has been about 90 per cent completed. Locks A, B, C, D, and E provide 6-foot navigation at extreme low water for a distance of 124.3 miles from Lock E to Lock No. 1, the first lock constructed under the project of improvement above Nashville. The depth at extreme low water over the shoalest part of the uncanalized section (65.7 miles between Lock E and the, mouth of the river) is about 0.5 foot. In this section navigation for craft drawing up to 2 feet is usually possible throughout the year,. and is practically certain from December 1 to September 10. Three- foot navigation is practically certain from December 20 to June 15,. and usually possible from December 1 to July 20. Six-foot naviga- tion is usually possible from December 20 to June 1, and is prac- tically certain from January 1 to May 1. Two-foot navigation is: possible when the lower gauge at Lock E reads 6, and for each ad- ditional foot of reading on the gauge the navigable depth is increased 1 foot. Under this project there remains to be done the construction of one lock house each at Locks B, C, and D, other minor improvements at these locks and at Lock E, the completion of Lock F, and the im- provement by open-channel work of a stretch of 43.6 miles of river- between Lock F and the mouth, which has not yet been begun. The total amount expended under the present project was $3,- 958,235.20 for new work and $49,933.42 for maintenance, making a total of $4,008,168.62. Proposed operations.-With the balance unexpended July 1, 1923, it is proposed to continue work at locks E and F. The following estimate for expenditure of funds on hand is submitted: Upper guard wall, Lock E------------------------------- $5, 000. 00' Bank protection, Lock E______------------------ 6, 000. 00 Removal of cofferdam and dredging lower approach, Lock E------- 16, 000. 00, Construction of guard and guide walls, Lock F 6----------------- 5, 000. 00 Construction of Dam F----------- __----------------------- 110, 000. 00 Dredging approaches, Lock F __--------------------------- 30, 000. 00) Bank protection, Lock F ------- 50, 000. 00 Steel gates, Lock F ........ _______-------------------- 5, 695. 75 Two steel barges (under contract) --------------------------- 20, 543. 40 Construction of new towboat (one-third of estimated cost) --------16, 000. 00 Contingencies-- ----------------- --------------------- 16, 860. 10' Total -------------------------------- 341, 099. 25 It is believed that all the funds on hand will have been expended by June 30, 1924. The sum of $95,000 can be profitably expended for work on this. project for the fiscal year 1925. Should these funds be appropriated,. it is proposed to expend them as follows: RIVERS ANDI HARBORS---NASHVILLE,. TENN., DISTRICT. 1163 Dredging below Lock F ------------------------------------- $50, 000 Backfilling Dam F----------------__-------------------------- 5, 000 Removal of cofferdam, Lock F----- ---------------------------- 5, 000 Bank protection, Lock E-- ..-- ---------------------------------- 5, 000 Bank protection, Lock F---------------- 30, 000 Total -------------------- -------------------------- 95, 000 Commercial statistics.--About 75 per cent of the total tonnage be- low Nashville uses the improved section. The usual drafts of packet boats handling all classes of traffic vary from 15 inches to 3.5 feet. During the year these boats handled about 24,000 tons. The usual drafts of towboats and barges employed in the lumber and tie service vary from 4 to 6 feet. The tonnage carried by these barges during the year amounted to about 58,000. The barges used in the sand and gravel service draw 4 to 5 feet. These barges during the year hauled about 11,850 tons. The commerce during 1922 consisted of forest, farm, and manu- factured products, live stock, machinery, sand and gravel, etc. The following table gives a comparative statement of the total com- merce below Nashville for the calendar years indicated: Comparative statement. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. year. year. 1918.......... 48,208 $626,927 10,560 1921.......... 263,394 $2, 448,914 36,368 1919.......... 223 665 1, 740, 317 8,216 1922.......... 101,093 3, 781,404 29, 115 1920.......... 178, 898 1, 864, 521 6, 048 In a comparison between the two last years, the difference in the total tonnage is found to be about 162,000 tons. There was a fall- ing off in the movement of sand and gravel of about 86,000 tons, which corresponds roughly with the increase in these commodities in the section above Nashville (the sand and gravel companies of Nashville carrying on digging operations above or below Nashville largely as a matter of convenience). A falling off is noted in the movement of railroad crossties of approximately 86,000 tons. Farm products show increases in almost all items, particularly in live- stock, as do also groceries, tobacco, fertilizer, machinery, etc. In fact, a comparison made after eliminating forest products, sand, and gravel shows an increase over 1921 of approximately 15,000 tons. During the year three additional boats were added to the service on this section of the river, viz, the Thomas H. Edward, John Ross, and Fairmont. One of the large packet boats, the M. T. Bryan, was destroyed by fire. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $15,501.93: New work--- ---------------------------------- $4, 418, 235. 20 Maintenance ------------------------------------ 49, 933. 42 Net total expended 4, 468. 168. 62 Total appropriations to date of this report-- 4, 809, 267. 87 1164 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923: Expended for new work .. .... $186, 677.15 $287,031.56 $336, 529.57 $262,436.96 $488, 696.44 Expended for maintenance 1'..... 8.84 297. 15 2, 063.57 405.76 ............ Total expended1.......... 186,685.99 287, 328.71 338,593.14 262,842.72 488,696.44. Appropriated or allotted............. .. ................ 200,000.00 425,000.00 368,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended__________________________ $460, 158. 90) Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923------------------------------------ 368, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 __________ 1, 636. 79 829, 795. 69 June 30,, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work ' 488, 696. 44 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ____----- - _______ _ 341, 099. 25, July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities__-- _____-----$26, 487. 02 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts-------------------------------------- 26,239 15 52, 726. IT July 1, 1923, balance available ---------------------------- 288, 373. 08, Amounted (est'mated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ----------------------------------- a 297, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work--------------------------------------95, 000.00 2. CUMBERLAND RIVER, TENN. AND KY., ABOVE NASHVILLE. (A2:.) Location and description.-See this heading under "1. Cumber- land River, Tenn. and Ky., below Nashville. (Al.)" Original condition.-The river was considerably obstructed by rock reefs, ledges, snags, etc., which greatly impeded navigation between Nashville and Burnside, while above Burnside the Smith Shoals formed a serious obstruction to navigation at practically all stages. The minimum available extreme low-water depth between Nashville and Burnside was probably less than 6 inches. The 326.1 miles of the river between Nashville and Burnside were usually navi- gable for steamboats for four or five months in the year, and rafting and logging were possible during the winter months for about 35 miles farther. Previous projects.-Previous projects were adopted by river and harbor acts of August 14, 1876, March 3, 1881, and July 5, 1884. The total amount expended on all projects prior to the adoption of the present project in 1886 was $366,252.94, all of which was for new work. For further details of previous projects, see page 1898 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the' construction of Locks and Dams Nos. 1 to 17 and No. 21, to secure 6-foot navigation at low water from Nashville (192.6 miles above the mouth) to Waitsboro Shoals (322.1 miles), and 4-foot navigation from Waitsboro Shoals to Burnside (4 miles). The project also provides for the periodic 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. sExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS---NASHVILLE, TENN., DISTRICT. 1165 removal of snags and similar obstructions from Nashville to Burn- side (326.1 miles). The following table shows the principal features of the locks and dams included in the project: Lock No.- 1 2 3 4 Nearest railroad sta- Nashville, Tenn., Madison, Tenn., Hendersonville, Gallatin, Tenn., tion. 22 miles. 14miles. Tenn., 31 miles. 4 miles. Distance above mouth 190 miles..... ... 201.6 miles........ 218.6 miles........ 237.3 miles. of river. Lock dimensions 1...... 52 by 280 feet...... 52 by 280 feet ..... 52 by 280 feet..... 52 by 280 feet. Lift above normal pool 6.5 feet ........... 11 feet.............. 12 feet.......... 12 feet. of dam below. Depth on miter sills at ..... do............ 6.5 feet............ 6.5 feet............. 6.5 feet. low water. Character of foundation. Rock.............. Rock............. Rock............. Rock. Kind of dam.......... Fixed.............. Fixed............. Fixed............. Fixed. Type of construction... Stone masonry, Stone masonry Stone masonry Stone masonry lock, timber crib lock, timber crib lock,timber crib lock, timber crib dam. dam. dam. dam. Placed in operation.... Nov. 26, 1904...... Oct. 9 1907....... Oct. 15, 1908.... Nov. 17, 1909. Cost of lock and dam... $355,004.96......... 338,618.50......... $346,731.31......... $344,806.84. Lock No.- 5 6 7 8 Nearest railroad sta- Lebanon, Tenn., Hartsville, Tenn., Carthage, Tenn., Carthage, Tenn., tion. 11 miles. 6 miles. 7 miles. 5 miles. Distance above mouth 264.8 miles_........ 282.2 miles........ 300 miles.......... 318.2 miles. of river. Lock dimensions 1...... 52 by 280 feet...... 52 by 280 feet...... 52 by 280 feet...... 52 by 280 feet. Lift above normal pool 12 feet............. 12 feet.......... 12 feet.............. 12.75 feet. of dam below. Depths on miter sills at 6.5 feet........... 6.5 feet............ 6.5 feet............ 6.5 feet. low water. Character of foundation. Rock.............. Rock............ Rock............ Rock. Kind of dam........... Fixed............. Fixed............. Fixed............. Fixed. Type of construction... Stone masonry Stone masonry Stone masonry Concrete lock, tim- lock, timber crib lock, timber crib lock, timber crib ber crib dam. dam. dam. dam. Placed in operation.... Oct. 18, 1909....... Oct. 21, 1910...... Oct. 18, 1910....... 33 per cent com- pleted. Cost of lock and dam... $371,967.25......... $367,734.33......... $376,945....... ... $758,000.2 Lock No.- 9 10 11 124 Nearest railroad sta- Gord on s vill e, Double Springs, Double Springs, Livingston, Tenn., tion. Tenn., 12 miles. Tenn., 19 miles. Tenn., 20 miles. 19 miles. Distance above mouth 332.9miles........ 349.1 miles....... 366.7miles....... 385.2 miles. of river. Lock dimensions 1...... 52 by 280 feet...... 52 by 280 feet....... 52 by 280 feet...... 52 by 280 feet. Lift above normal pool 12.75 feet.......... 12.75 feet......... 12.75 feet.......... 12.75 feet. of dam below. Depth on miter sills at 6.5 feet............ 6.5 feet........... 6.5 feet............ 6.5 feet. low water. Character of founda- Rock ............ Rock............. Rock............. Rock. tion. Kind of dam........... Fixed............. Fixed........... Fixed........... Fixed. Type of construction... Concretelock, tim- Concrete lock, tim- Concrete lock, tim- Concrete lock, time ber crib dam. ber crib dam. ber crib dam. ber crib dam. Year completed (...... .(3)....3... .... ()...... (3).............. . (8) Estimated cost 2 of lock $780,500.......... $756,500.......... $735,500......... $764,000. and dam. 1 Clear width and length, available for full width. s Estimate made in 1919. 8Construction not yet commenced. 1166 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Lock No.- 13 14 15 Nearest railroad station... Livingston, Tenn., 29 Livingston, Tenn., 35 Glasgow, Ky., 38 miles. miles, miles. Distance above mouth of 399.2 miles.............. 421.2 miles......... ... 440.4 miles. river. Lock dimensions 1........ 52 by 280 feet........... 52 by 280 feet........... 52 by 280 feet. Lift above normal pool of 12.75 feet................ 12.75 feet................ 12.75 feet. dam below. Depth on miter sills at 6.5 feet.............. 6.5 feet................... 6.5 feet. low water. Character of foundation... Rock................... Rock................. Rock. Kind of dam............ Fixed............... Fixed................. Fixed. Type of construction...... Concrete lock, timber Concrete lock, timber Concrete lock, timber crib dam. crib dam. crib dam. Year completed . ()... (2). ........... (2)..................... (......... Estimated costof lock $766,000................. $749,000................. $784,000. and dam.s Lock No.- 16 17 21 Nearest railroad station... Burnside, Ky., 35 miles.. Burnside, Ky., 28 miles.. Burnside, Ky., 29 miles. Distance above mouth of 463.2 miles............. 474.2 miles............. 489.7 miles. river. Lock dimensions 1........ 52 by 280 feet........... 52 by 280 feet............ 4 feet. 52 by 280 Lift above normal pool of 12.75 feet................. 12.75 feet............. 14 feet. dam below. 5 Depth on miter sills at 6.5 feet............... 6.5 feet................ 6.5 feet. low water. Character of foundation... Rock................... Rock................... Rock. Kind of dam........... Fixed.................. Fixed................... Fixed. Type of construction...... Concrete lock, timber Concrete lock, timber Concrete. crib dam. crib dam. Year completed...........(2). ........ (2)....... Oct. 20, 1911. Estimated cost of lock $877,000............... $718,000.................. $359,875.05. and dam.a 1 Clear width and length, available for full width. 2 Construction not yet commenced. 8 Estimate made in 1919. 4 19.5 feet above low water, open river. 6 Low water in the open river gives only 1 foot on the lower miter sill. The extreme fluctuation in the stage of the river varies from about 40 feet to about 63.5 feet at different localities. Fluctuations below extreme high water are so variable that it is impracticable to fix the stage commonly referred to on other streams as ordinary high water. The estimated cost of the existing project (revised in 1920) is $10,550,183.24. This includes the estimate for Locks and Dams Nos. 1 to 7 and 21, $2,854,000 (already completed), and $7,688,500 for Locks and Dams Nos. 8 to 17. The estimated cost each of Locks and Dams Nos. 8 to 17 is given in table above. The estimated annual cost of operation and maintenance of Locks and Dams Nos. 8 to 17 (made in 1914) is $50,000. The estimated cost of snagging opera- tions is $5,000 per annum. The existing project was adopted by river and harbor act of Au- gust 5, 1886 (Annual Report for 1884, p. 1663), which provided for locks and dams. This report left the final plan of improvement to the Secretary of War. The dimensions of the locks were fixed in ac- cordance with reports of March 30, 1887, and November 25, 1890 (Annual Reports for 1888, p. 1622, and 1892, p. 1933). The river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, which adopted the report of the RIVERS AND HARBORS-NASHVILLE, TENN., DISTRICT. 1167 Board of Engineers, dated February 26, 1906 (H. Doc. No. 699, 59th Cong., 1st sess.), limited the lock and dam construction to Locks and Dams Nos. 1 to 7 and 21. The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, made provision for Locks and Dams Nos. 8 to 17 (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 10, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 740, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, made appropriation for the completion of Lock and Dam No. 21, on /condition that local interests provide a suitable landing place con- venient to the city of Burnside, which should forever be open to the public on just and equal terms. Local interests complied with this condition by purchasing and conveying to the city of Burnside a landing place, to be used in accordance with the terms of the act, but the conditions of the grant, that the landing be graded, banks and approaches paved, and that the landing be connected with the highway system of Burnside, have, not been complied with. The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, provided for the construction of Locks and Dams Nos. 8 to 17, inclusive, subject to the conditions precedent that local interests bind themselves to protect the United States against all claims for damages due to overflow, and to provide sufficient areas of water front and suitable water terminals at all towns and landings adequate for the traffic, and which shall be open to the public equally and on terms satisfactory to the Secretary of War. Negotiations were entered into with a view to securing com- pliance with the conditions imposed on local interests, and all the counties in Tennessee and Kentucky involved have submitted guaran- ties to protect the United States against claims for damages from overflow, etc., as provided by the act. The guaranties for the Ten- nessee counties were accepted by the Secretary of War on December 4, 1919, and for the Kentucky counties February 20, 1923. The river and -harbor act of June 5, 1920, authorized work to proceed in Ten- nessee without waiting for the action of local interests in Kentucky. Terminal facilities.-There is a free public landing at Burnside. There is a privately owned railway incline or river siding open to the public at Carthage and also one at Burnside. There are two privately owned warehouses, with tramway inclines, at Burnside, one of which is not being used at present, and the other being used by one boat line only. At Bluff Landing, Ky., Albany Landing, Ky., Winfreys Landing, Ky., Gossage Landing, Ky., and Mill Springs, Ky., there are inclined tramways owned privately but open to public use. For statement of terminal facilities at Nashville see page 1160. There are many unimproved private landings along the river, at a number of which are small sheds or warehouses, without regular attendants, where the owners receive and care for freight at reasonable charges. The existing commerce is generally being handled with considerable risk of damage because of inadequate terminal facilities. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Between Nashville and West Point, river conditions are excellent for navigation at practically all seasons, and I1637-ENG 1923----74 1168 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. local river traffic has been greatly facilitated. Between West Point and Lock No. 21 the navigable season has been lengthened by work under previous project, and the channel has been kept in good condi- tion for navigation at times when the stage is sufficient for the pas- sage of river craft. This partial improvement has caused boats to move with greater regularity, affording shippers regular means of transportation over the canalized section. Until the completion of the work of canalizing the Cumberland River below Nashville by finishing the lock and dam now under construction, so as to provide all-year navigation to the Ohio River, the full benefits of the locks and dams now in operation will not be apparent. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-Contract: The contract for steel hull for the dredge Tishomingo, entered into prior to the fiscal year, was completed during the year. A contract was let dur- ing the'year for the steel gates for Lock No. 8, but no work of con- sequence was done on this contract before the close of the year. The following work was done by hired labor and United States plant: Lock No. 8: The main lock walls were brought to a height of 20 feet. Active work was suspended September 1, 1922, due to lack of funds, and was resumed in May, 1923. Much time was lost and ad- ditional expense occasioned by this suspension, because of the neces- sity of reorganizing a working force and reassembling plant. The amount expended was $104,722.13, all of which was for new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The work done under previous projects of open-channel work resulted in increased depths and im- proved conditions at the principal obstructions. Under the existing project Locks and Dams Nos. 1 to 7, inclusive, and No. 21 have been completed and Lock No. 8 is under construction and approximately 33 per cent complete. The project as a whole has been about 31 per cent completed. For details of these locks and dams see" table under heading Existing project. The locks and dams provide at extreme low water a navigable channel 6 feet deep from Lock 1 (2.6 miles below Nashville) to West Point (125.2 miles above Nashville); 6 feet deep from Lock 21 to Waitsboro Shoals (25 miles); and 4 feet deep from Waitsboro Shoals to Burnside (4 miles). The expenditures for maintenance have kept the channel above Nashville fairly free from snags and surface obstructions. The depth at extreme low water over the shoalest part of the reach between West Point and Lock 21 (70 miles in Tennessee and 101.9 miles in Kentucky) is about 0.5 foot. In this section 12-inch navigation is frequently possible throughout the year. Sixteen-inch navigation is practically certain from De- cember 15 to June 15, and usually possible from December 1 to August 1. Three-foot navigation is practically certain from Febru- ary 1 to May 1, and usually possible from January 1 to June 1. Four-foot navigation is usually possible from February 1 to May 1, but no period can be fixed during which it is reasonably certain. Navigation for vessels drawing over 4 feet is uncertain at all times. When the Celina gauge reads 1 foot, 16-inch navigation is prac- ticable, and for each additional foot of reading on this gatge the navigable depth is increased 0.8 foot. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NASHVILLE, TENN., DISTRICT. 1169 The total amount expended under the present project was $3,279,- 592.33 for new work, including payments for claims, and $90,657.58 for maintenance, a total of $3,370,249.91. Proposed operations.--With the balance unexpended July 1, 1923, it is proposed to continue work at Lock No. 8. The following esti- mate for expenditure of funds on hand is submitted: Concreting lock walls, Lock 8------------------------------ $85, 000.00 Abutment for Dam No. 8--------- ----------------------- 60, 000. 00 Timber for Dam No. 8 ----------------------------------- 30, 000. 00 Quarrying stone for Dam No. 8--------------------- 10, 000. 00 Steel lock gates and accessories for Lock No. 8---------------- 46, 490. 00 Bank protection, Lock No. 8------------- ---------------- 10, 000. 00 Two new steel derrick boats------------------------------ 50, 000. 00 Towboat John C. Irwin (one-third of estimated cost)----- ----- 16, 000. 00 Miscellaneous plant , 000. 00 5------------------------ Acquiring sites for Locks and Dams Nos. 9 and 10, locating sites for Locks and Dams Nos. 16 and 17, and preparing plans there- for --------------------- ----------------------------- 30, 000.00 Contingencies -------------------------------------------- 9, 967. 15 Total--- ------------------- ---------------------- 352, 457. 15 It is believed that all the funds on hand will have been expended by June 30, 1924. The sum of $225,000 can be profitably expended for work on this project for the fiscal year 1925. Should these funds be appropriated, it is proposed to expend them as follows: Lock No. 8: Dam -__ __---------------- $100, 000 Paving ----------------------------------------------- 40, 000 Removal of cofferdam------------------------------------ 5, 000 Contingencies ------------------------------------------ 10, 000 Total_ ---------------------------------------- ------ 155, 000 Surveys and plans for Lock No. 15, and purchase of sites for Nos. 15; 16, and 17------------------------------------------- 70, 000 Grand total------- ------------------- 225, 000 Commercial statistics.-About one-half of the total tonnage above Nashville uses the improved sections. The usual drafts of loaded towboats and packet boats handling all classes of traffic vary from 15 inches to 3.5 feet. The packets handled about 22,000 tons of freight. The barges employed in the sand and gravel traffic, having a draft varying from 4 to 5 feet, handled 212,087 tons of these materials. The commerce consisted of forest and farm products, sand and gravel, machinery, fertilizer, livestock, etc. The following table gives a comparative statement of the total commerce for the calendar years indicated: Comparative statement. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. year. year. 1918.......... 276,181 $6,599,713 5,778 1921 .......... 141,918 $2,655,124 4,565 1919.......... 135,233 6, 454,840 11,626 1922.......... 287, 607 4, 005, 238 4,553 1920.......... 137, 517 3,648,671 4,664 1170 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Of the increase in total tonnage in 1922 as compared with 1921, approximately 113,000 tons is represented in the items of sand and gravel. Sand and gravel digging companies of Nashville carry on operations above or below Nashville largely as a matter of conven- ience, and in 1922 they practically confined their activities above Nashville. The aggregate of these commodities handled in 1922 ex- ceeds 'the total for 1921 for both sections of the river by approxi- mately 30,000 tons; the increase being due, it is believed, to increased building activities. Eliminating lumber, logs, ties, sand and gravel, the increase for 1922 over 1921 is about 6,000 tons and is represented in grain, livestock, manufactured articles, etc. This increase was in large measure due to the operation of an additional packet (the John Heckman) during a part of the year. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $20,874.89: New work---------------------------------------$3, 645, 845. 27 Maintenance---------- ----------------------------- 90, 657. 58 Net total expended___________________________ 3, 736, 502. 85 Total appropriations to date of this report ----------------- 4, 088, 960. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work '........ $10. 00 $6, 314. 57 $160,140. 49 $171,653.21 $104,722. 13 Expended for maintenance 1..... 3,669.03 6,643.70 3,543. 82 1,337.94 ........... Total expended 1........... 3,679. 03 12, 958. 27 163, 684.31 172,991. 15 104, 722.13 Appropriated or allotted......... 345,000.00 10,000.00 ................ 72,000.00 375,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ---___--,-- ________--_ $81, 824. 89 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923 ------------- __ __ 325, 000. 00 Amount transferred from Tennessee River below Riverton, Ala__ 50, 000. 00 -354. Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 ____________-- 39 457, 179.28 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work 1 104, 722. 13 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_--______-------------------- 352, 457. 15 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ----------- $5, 141. 03 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 36, 490. 00 41, 631. 03 July 1, 1923, balance available----------------------------- 310, 826. 12 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project----------------------------------- 2 6, 918, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work________-------------------- 2 225, 000. 00 1Not deducting: receipts from sales. etc. a Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-NASHVILLE, TENN., DISTRICT. 1171 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $36,376.82: New work--------------------------------------$8, 064, 080. 47 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 140, 591. 00 Net total expended ------------- - 8, 204, 671. 47 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------8, 898, 227.87 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1. ...... $186, 687. 15 $293,346. 13 $496, 670.06 $434, 090. 17 $593, 418. 57 Expended for maintenance 1.... 3, 677. 87 6, 940. 85 5, 607.39 1, 743.70 .............. Total expended 1. ........ 190, 365.02 300, 286. 98 502, 277. 45 435, 833. 87 593, 418. 57 Appropriated or allotted......... 345, 000.00 10,000.00 200, 000.00 497, 000.00 743,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended__ --------------------- $541, 983. 79 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923----------------------------------- 693, 000. 00 Amount transferred from Tennessee River below Riverton, Ala__ 50, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923_______________ 1, 991. 18 1_ 1, 286, 974. 97 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work 593, 418. 57 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_____________________________ 693, 556. 40 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities_______________ $31, 628. 05 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts ------------------------------------- 62, 729. 15 94, 357. 20 July 1, 1923, balance available____________- -- - - _________-- - 599, 199. 20 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project --------------------------------------- 7, 215, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work__ _______________________-___ 320, 000. 00 3. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS ON CUMBERLAND RIVER. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Cumberland River, Tenn. and Ky. See pages 1159 to 1171 of this report, where general information re- garding the improvement can be found. The work carried on is the operation and maintenance of the locks and dams reported on pages 1160 to 1165 and 1166 as completed. These locks and dams have been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appro- priation since July 1, 1905. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Contracts: Contract for one steel derrick boat, entered into prior to the fiscal year, was completed. During the fiscal year contract was entered into for three steel dump scows (two of which are payable from funds for operating and care), the contract being about 96 per cent complete 1 Not 2 Exclursive of available funds. deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1172 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. at the close of the year. Contract was also let for 14 steel barges (2 of which are payable from operating and care-funds), the degree of completion at the close of the year being about 12 per cent. The following work was done by hired labor and United States plant: The locks were operated, and locks, buildings, grounds, and float. ing plant were cared for and maintained, repairs being made when necessary. Deposit, amounting to 16,250 cubic yards, was dredged from the locks in operation. At the Lock A storage yard 6,750 cubic yards of material were placed in fill under railroad tracks between the warehouse and the unloading derrick on the river bank; the fill at the close of the year being 100 per cent complete and the tracks about 30 per cent. Repairs commenced in the previous fiscal year on Dam B were completed. Four hundred cubic yards of derrick stone were quarried and delivered on the river bank at Lock D, to be placed below and against the dam for additional protection. The lockmaster's house at Lock B was commenced and completed, and the construction of a cistern at this place brought to about 50 per cent completion. Lockmaster's house at Lock C was commenced, and at the end of the fiscal year it was about 95 per cent completed. All trees from low water to 3 feet above pool level were cut from the pool of Lock E. Snagging in pools.-The snagging outfit removed 109 large snags, 79 small snags, and cut 9 trees in pools of Dams Nos. 2 to 7, inclusive, and removed 141 large snags, 58 small snags, and cut 4 trees in the pool of Dam No. 21. Dredging pools.-Deposit, amounting to 8,000 cubic yards, was re- moved from the channel at Upper Nashville Island. The amount expended during the fiscal year was $105,446.41. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Locks Nos. 1 to 7, inclusive, and No. 21, above Nashville, and Locks A, B, C, D, and E, below Nash- ville, have been placed in operation. These locks and dams pro- vide at extreme low water a navigable channel 6 feet deep from Lock E, 126.9 miles below Nashville, to West Point, 125.2 miles above Nashville; 6 feet deep from Lock No. 21 to Waitsboro Shoals (25 miles); and 4 feet deep from Waitsboro Shoals to Burnside (4 miles). The total amount expended from the permanent indefinite appropriation for operating and care was $1,231,593.76, exclusive of outstanding liabilities. The improvements were in good condi- tion at the end of the year. Proposed operations.-The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. In addition, it is proposed to complete the track system at Lock A storage yard (which is at present about 30 per cent complete) and to procure two new steel barges and a new steel shag boat. Commercial statistics.-The usual drafts of loaded towboats and packet boats handling all classes of traffic through the improved sec- tion vary from 15 inches to 3.5 feet. The traffic (other than forest products, sand, and gravel) handled by this kind of craft amounted to about 14,000 tons. The usual drafts of tie barges vary from 4 to 6 feet. The traffic handled by these barges passing through Lock D (in the series below Nashville) amounted to 27,014 tons. The commerce for the calendar year 1922 consisted principally of timber RIVERS AND HARBORS-NASHVILLE, TENN., DISTRICT. 1178 and farm products, groceries, general merchandise, machinery, fer- tilizer, sand, gravel, coal, etc. Comparative statement of commerce passing Locks No. 1' and 2, Cumberland River. Lock No. 1. Lock No. 2. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918........................ 20, 886 $695,153 759 50,640 $3,401,199 21,694 1919.......................... 53, 511 773,135 1,807 55,331 2,943, 953 4,756 1920........................ 75,267 2,218,018 1,383 51 718 2,031,406 12,613 1921 ........................... 115,634 1,360, 072 2 703 75, 744 2,041,647 14, 762 1922 .................. ......... 127,005 1,761,505 2,443 113,485 2 657,142 14,194 Lock, No. 1 is given as representative of the commerce for the series of locks below Nashville and Lock No. 2 as representative of the commerce passing through the series above Nashville. While Lock No. 1 is in the series of locks for the Cumberland River above Nashville, it is located below the Nashville wharf, and consequently all commerce passing through this lock pertains to the Cumberland River below Nashville. For statements regarding variations of commerce for 1921, as com- pared with the previous year, see page 1163 for the Cumberland River below Nashville and page 1169 for the Cumberland River above Nashville. 4. TENNESSEE RIVER BELOW RIVERTON, ALA. Location and description.-The section of the Tennessee River be- low Riverton, Ala., after forming a portion of the boundary line between Alabama and Mississippi and between Alabama and Ten- nessee, flows in a course nearly due north across Tennessee and Ken- tucky, entering the Ohio Rivet at Paducah, 226.5 miles below River- ton and 652 miles from its source, the junction of the French Broad and Holston Rivers. The drainage area at the mouth of the Tennessee River is 40,569 square miles. The extreme low-water discharge, measured at the mouth, is 10,000 second-feet. The extreme high-water discharge at the mouth has not been calculated, but at Florence, 30 miles above Riverton, it has been calculated to be 499,000 second-feet. The river in the section below Riverton averages about 1,000 feet in width. The average fall is about 0.35 foot per mile. Except for the Riverton and Big Bend Shoals, which were com- posed of limestone rock covered with a deposit of sand and gravel, there were no rock bars in this section of the river to offer obstruc- tion to navigation, the obstructions below Big Bend Shoals consist- ing entirely of sand and gravel. Original condition. This section was obstructed by gravel bars and by rock bar known as Big Bend Shoals. The minimum available low-water depth was about 1 foot (on Big Bend Shoals). Naviga- tion was possible throughout the 226.5 miles of the section, except during the low-water season. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1868, and modified by the river and har- bor acts of September 19, 1890, August 18, 1894, and March 3, 1899. The amount expended prior to the adoption of the present project in 1174 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 1912 was $445,899.17 for new work and $99,346.18 for maintenance, a total of $545,245.35. For further details of previous projects see page 1905, Annual Report, 1915. Existing project.-This provides for open-channel work by rock excavation and dredging and by contraction works to obtain a chan- nel 150 feet wide and 6 feet deep at ordinary low water, or 5 feet at extreme low water, through all the shoals in the 226.5 miles of the section. 'Ithe extreme fluctuation in the stage of the river varies from about 49 feet to about 55 feet at different localities. Fluctuations be- low extreme high water are so variable that it is impracticable to fix the stage commonly referred to on other streams as ordinary high water. The estimated cost, exclusive of amount expended on previ- ous projects, is $1,300,000 (first estimated at $700,129.711) for new work as last revised in 1921, and $20,000 annually for maintenance, as estimated in 1912. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 360, 62d Cong., 2d sess., p. 2). For map see Annual Report for 1913, page 2500. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are public-owned wharves at Florence, Hamburg, Pittsburg Landing, Perryville, and Paducah, all of which are open to the public without charge. The wharf at Paducah is paved, but the others are unimproved. There are two railway in- clines at Paducah and one at Danville, which are open to the public. There are wharf boats at Paducah and Clifton and a warehouse with vertical-lift elevator at Johnsonville which are privately owned but open to public use. There is an inclined tramway at Riverton and a warehouse with vertical-lift elevator at Danville which are privately owned and open only to one boat line. There are many unimproved private landings, most of 'which are open to public use without charge. There are sheds or warehouses at a number of these landings where the owners receive and care for freight at reasonable charges- The existing commerce is handled at great disadvantage, due to lack of freight-handling devices and protection from mud and rain, and this condition undoubtedly discourages the transpor- tation of freight by river. (For a full description of terminal fa- cilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The increased depth has lengthened the navigable season for 6-foot draft by about three months. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-No field work was done on this section of the river, the fleet having for the greater part of the time been in the custody of the Chattanooga and Florence dis- tricts. The expenditures made were for new steel floating plant and for the repair and care of plant. The amount expended was $65,090.23 for new work and $14,601.21 for maintenance, a total of $79,691.44. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Based on revised estimate, made in 1921, the project is estimated to be about 79 per cent complete. The available depth at extreme low water has been increased to 4 feet. Prior to the fiscal year work had been commenced at Beech Creek Shoals, the degree of completion being about 25 per cent. i Including the balance on hand at date of adoption of project of $100,129.71. (See p. 2, H. Doc. No. 300, 62d Cong, 2d sess.) RIVERS AND HARBORS-NASHVILLE, TENN., DISTRICT. 117.5 This section of the river is usually navigable for 4-foot draft throughout the year, for 5-foot draft from December 1 to Septem- ber 1, and for 6-foot draft from December 15 to August 15. Four- foot navigation is possible when the Florence gauge reads 0.5. For each 0.6 foot on this gauge, 1 additional foot of navigable depth is available. The net amount expended under the present project was $987,- 513.02 for new work and $24,379.02 for maintenance, a total of $1,011,892.04. Proposed operations.-Withthe balance unexpended July 1, 1923, it is proposed to commence and carry to completion the improve- ments at the following shoals: Beech Creek Island, Beech River, Reynoldsburg Island, Pentecost Island, Jonathan Creek, Little Chain, and Big Chain, and to maintain the channel by the removal of snags and surface obstructions. The following estimate is there- fore submitted: Operation of dredge Kentucky and attendant plant-------------$37, 500. 00 Lay-up season, one dredging fleet--- ------------------------ 22, 925. 83 Snaggfing _______-------____ 8, 000.00 New hull for dredge Watauga__-- _________________--__ 50, 000. 00 New towboat to replace Lookout-----------------------------36, 000. 00 One dump scow (under contract), balance due_______--______ 3, 399. 17 One steel barge (under contract) __---------------------------- 10, 271. 71 Contingencies -__ -------------- 13, 140.96 Total 237. 67 1---------------------------- With the funds that may be made available for the fiscal year 1925, it is proposed to carry out as far as possible the following program: Purchase a new towboat to replace the Colbert, and to carry on operations at the following shoals: Petticoat Rifle, Dutch River Island, Big Sandy Island, Panther Creek Island, Diamond Island, Wolf Island, Swallow Bluff Island, Eagles Nest Island, 27-Mile Island, and Gilbertsville, completing the project, and to maintenance of the completed channel by the removal of snags and surface obstructions and redredging where necessary. The controlling low-water depth in the shoals to be improved is only 4 feet at extreme low water, and this retards navigation during the low-water season by the principal boats operating in this reach of the river. Operation of two dredging fleets, 5 months, at $15,000 per month----- $75, 000 Lay-up season, two dredging fleets, 7 months, at $6,000 per month .... 42, 000 Snagging, 4 months, at $2,000 per month- ,_________ 8, 000 New towboat to replace Colbert___________--------__-_____ 80, 000 Contingencies---- ------------------------------------------ 7, 500 Tota ---------------------------------------------- 212, 500 Commercia statistics.-The usual drafts of loaded packet boats handling all classes of traffic in this section vary from 2 to 5 feet. During the calendar year 1922 these boats handled about 25,000 tons. The usual drafts of towboats and barges employed in the lumber and crosstie business vary from 4 to 6 feet. The tonnage carried during the year by these barges amounted to 142,885 tons. In addition to transporting crossties, some of these vessels also handled pig iron. The commerce consisted of railroad crossties, lumber, logs, gro- ceries, farm products, livestock, pig iron, etc. Forest products con- 1176 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. stituted about 61 per cent of the total commerce, pig iron about 12 per cent, and gravel about 17 per cent. The following table gives a comparative statement of the total commerce below Riverton for the calendar years indicated: Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918 ............................................................. 280,602 $5,783,318 5,590 1919............. .............. ............................ 245,763 5,875,937 5,728 1920.................................................... 225,185 5,432,262 3 894 1921................................................... 348,840 15,559,698 15,467 1922 .............................................................. 267,507 5,824,779 1,760 1 One of the packet companies reported having hauled 5,845 tons of "textiles" in the calendar year 1921. Recent inquiry developed the fact that this was incorrectly reported, and that it should have been reported as " General merchandise." The valuation has therefore been corrected to agree. The packet-boat business on this section of the river is practically controlled by one line. This line during 1922 operated three boats, as against five for the previous year. During the year reports were received from a new gasoline boat (the Thomas H. Edward) and a new steamer (the Wacouta); also from the Fairmont, brought to this service from the upper Ohio. The total decrease in commerce for 1922, as compared with 1921, was 81,133 tons. There was a falling off in the lumber and tie busi- ness alone of 161,670 tons; but this was offset to some extent by the movement of 33,800 tons of pig iron and 45,000 tons of gravel. Eliminating forest products, gravel, and pig iron, an increase of 1,475 tons is shown in 1922 over 1921. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $73,022.63: New work---------------------------- $1, 433, 412. 19 Maintenance------ ---------------------------------- 123, 725. 20 Net total expended----- , 557, 137. 39 1-------------------------- Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------1, 738, 375. 06 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1 .... $87,089.72 $75,775.30 $56, 604.84 $62,585.48 $65,090.23 Expended for maintenance 1..... 811.26.............. 1,826.27 3,926.63 14, 601.21 Total expended 1......... 87,900.98 75,775.30 58,431.11 66,512.11 79,691.44 Appropriated or allotted........ 143,000.00 75000.00 100, 000.00 160,000.00 69, 000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ------------------- $204, 463. 43 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923------------------------------------ 69, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923----------------- 37, 465. 68 310, 929. 11 Deduction on account of amount transferred to Cumberland River above Nashville, Tenn _ __ _ 50,000, 00 260, 929. 11 RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHATTANOOGA, TENN., DISTRICT. 1177 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 For new work-- ------------------------- $65,090. 23 For maintenance___----------------_--- - 14, 601. 21 $79, 691. 44 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------------------------- 181, 237. 67 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities---------------- $1, 925. 83 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts --------------- ------------------------ 13, 670. 88 15, 596. 71 July 1, 1923, balance available_ . ___--- - - -___-__- 165, 640. 96 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------------------------------ 131, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work---------------------------- --------- 204, 500. 00 For maintenance-------------------------------- --------- 8, 000. 00 Total- - -------- ------------- 2212, 500. 00 IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE CHATTANOOGA, TENN., DISTRICT. The district includes the entire basin of the Tennessee River, ex- cept that lying below the head of Browns Island, Ala., and embraces a considerable portion of eastern and central Tennessee, of western Virginia and North Carolina, of northern Alabama, and a small por- tion of northern Georgia. District engineer: Maj. Harold C. Fiske, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. C. W. Kutz, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENT. [The letters and figures in parentheses indicate the group, and the numerical order in the group, to which the respective improvements belong for purposes of appropriation.] Page. Page. 1. Tennessee River, above Chat- 4. Survey of Tennessee River tanooga (Al)___ 1177 and tributaries, N. C., Tenn., 2. Tennessee River, Chattanooga Ala., and Ky- ___-______ 1190 to Browns Island (A2) 1182 5. French Broad and Little 3. Operating and care of Hales Pigeon Rivers, Tenn_ _____ 1191 Bar Lock__ _______------ 1189 6. Clinch River, Tenn. and Va__ 1194 7. Hiwassee River, Tenn------- 1197 TENNESSEE RIVER, TENN., ALA., AND KY. (GROUP A.) 1. TENNESSEE RIVER ABOVE CHATTANOOGA. (Al.) Location and description.-The Tennessee River is formed by the junction of the French Broad and the Holston Rivers in eastern Ten- nessee, 44 miles above Knoxville, flows southwest in northern Ala- bama, thence in a generally west course across north Alabama, and from the northeast boundary of Mississippi nearly due north across Tennessee and Kentucky, entering the Ohio River at Paducah, 652 miles from the junction of the French Broad and Holston Rivers. See United States post-route map of Kentucky and Tennessee. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1178 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The drainage area above the junction of the French Broad and Holston Rivers is 8,947 square miles, and at mouth of the Tennessee,. 40,569 square miles. The latest rating curves show an extreme low- water discharge just below the junction of 1,750 second-feet and an extreme high-water discharge of 270,000 second-feet. Revised curves also show extreme high-water discharges of 392,500 second-feet at Chattanooga and 443,600 second-feet at Florence. At the mouth the extreme low-water discharge is estimated at 10,000 second-feet, but it is not practicable to even estimate the high-water discharge at. that point. Above Chattanooga and between Chattanooga and Hales Bar the river averages about 700 feet in width; between Hales Bar and Muscle Shoals, about 1,200 feet; in the Muscle Shoals section, from 1,000 to 9,600 feet; between Florence and Colbert Shoals, about 1,700 feet; on Colbert Shoals, about 2,200 feet; and below Riverton, about 1,000 feet. The average fall above Chattanooga and between Chatta- nooga and Hales Bar is 0.96 foot per mile ; between Hales Bar and head of Muscle Shoals, 0.42 foot; through the Muscle Shoals section, 3.57 feet; from Muscle Shoals to Colbert Shoals, 0.62 foot; through the Col- bert Shoals section, 2.87 feet; and below Riverton, 0.35 foot per mile. The two important shoal sections designated as the Muscle Shoals and the Colbert Shoals (each of which is subdivided by local desig- nation) have steep slopes, with swift currents, and shallow depths. The slope in places is as much as 15 feet to the mile; there are, cur- rents in excess of 10 miles per hour, and the minimum available low- water depth in places is only 6 inches. Before the construction of the Hales Bar Dam the 33 miles of the river below Chattanooga known as the mountain section also contained serious obstructions caused by the excessive slopes and currents and the small depths found at the shoals. The remainder of the riv.er consists of a series of pools separated by shoals, which on the Tennessee are usually of rock and ordinarily covered by a deposit of gravel or sand. Below Big Bend Shoals, 23 miles below Riverton, there ore no rock bars sufficiently near the surface to be obstructive to navigation, the ob- structions on that section consisting entirely of sand and gravel bars. Original condition.-The section above Chattanooga was ob- structed by numerous snags and shoals of rock and gravel, where the currents were as great as 6 miles per hour and the slopes as much as 15 feet per mile, with a minimum available low-water depth of about 6 inches. For the larger part of the year it was navigable through- out the reach (188 miles) for light-draft traffic. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 30, 1852, and modified in 1871. A revised project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894. The amount expended on all projects prior to the adoption of the present one in 1912 was $748,241.91 for new work and $61,437.11 for maintenance, a total of $809,679.02, not including an amount of $51,406.94 appropriated specifically for that part of the river be- tween Knoxville and Kellys Ferry by the river and harbor acts of August 30, 1852, and June 12, 1860. For further details of previous projects see page 1902 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for improving the 188-mile sec- tion of the river between the head and Chattanooga, 464.1 miles above the mouth, by the construction of a concrete lock and dam at the foot of Caney Creek Shoals, to provide 6-foot navigation at ex- RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHATTANOOGA, TENN., DISTRICT. 1179 treme low water for a distance of 24.6 miles (the United States to pay the cost of, flowage rights) and for securing throughout the remainder of the section, by rock excavation, by dredging, and by contraction works, a channel 150 wide and 3 feet deep at extreme low water. The following data relative to the proposed lock and dam are given: Name of lock: Caney Creek., Location: 8 miles below Kingston Tenn., and 95.8 miles above Chattanooga, 'Tenn., 559.8 miles above the mouth of the river. Length of lock available for the full width: 265 feet. Width: 60 feet. Depth on miter sills at extreme low water: 6.5 feet. Lift of dam above extreme low water: 25.7 feet. Character of foundation: Rock. Kind of dam: Fixed. Type of construction: Concrete. Percentage of completion : Not begun. Estimated cost: $2,225,614.57. The extreme fluctuation in the stage of the river 'varies from about 43.4 feet to about 58 feet at different localities. Fluctuations below extreme high water are so variable that it is impracticable to fix the stage commonly referred to on other streams as ordinary high water. Exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects, the estimate of cost of the lock and dam, including flowage rights, is $2,225,614.57' (made in 1915), and that for open-channel work is $2,650,000 2 (re- vised in 1919), a total of $4,875,614.57. The estimate of the annual cost of maintenance, made in 1915, is $25,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912. (H. Doc. No. 360, 62d Cong., 2d sess., p. 2.) For map :see Annual Report for 1913, page 2492. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is a wharf at Chattanooga and one at Knoxville, each with warehouse, equipped with inclined endless con- veyor for handling river freight; the wharf, warehouse, and appli- ances at Chattanooga being owned by the city, and the wharf, ware- house, and appliances at Knoxville being privately owned; but all facilities are open to the public. At chattanooga there are four inclined railroad tracks open to the public. There are railway in- clines at Concord, Lenoir City, and Richland Creek, which are un- derstood to be owned and used by private parties. Other facilities owned and used privately consist of one log incline, one endless conveyor, six derricks, and one locomotive crane at Knoxville; one railroad incline for transferring cars to and from barges each at Round Island and head of Caney Creek Shoals; one derrick each at Concord and Lenoir City; three locomotive cranes, two log inclines, and two inclined tramways at Chattanooga. Public use of some of these facilities is frequently possible on payment of reasonable charges. There are many unimproved private landings, at a num- ber of which are sheds or small warehouses without regular attend- ants, where the owners receive and care for freight at reasonable charges. The existing commerce is being handled at excessive cost and risk of damage, except perhaps at Knoxville and Chattanooga, 1 See H. Doc. 981, 64th Cong., 1st sess., p. 58, Table 11. 2 Including the balance on hand at date of adoption of project of $57,081.35. (See p. 2, H. Doc. 360, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) 1180 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. on account of the lack of more suitable wharves, transfer facilities,, and warehouses, and this condition undoubtedly discourages the transportation of freight by river. (For a full description of ter- minal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Navigation has been facilitated by the improvement of some of the worst localities, but the controlling depth over the entire section has been increased only 6 inches. Until traffic between Knoxville and Chattanooga has been made possible throughout the year no material effect on commerce is expected. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Lack of funds with- held any open-channel work during the year. The plant and prop- erty were cared for and some accessories were made at the United States boat yard, Chattanooga, Tenn. The amount expended was $23,299.04, for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Surveys and borings had been made and a suitable site found for the Caney Creek Lock and Dam,. but the necessary lands had not been purchased and no construction work had been done. The open-channel work was about 58 per cent completed. Thirty shoals remained to be improved in addition to. those partially improved at the end of the year. These shoals, ac- cording to the last estimate, require 82,500 cubic yards of rock exca- vation, 685,000 cubic yards of gravel excavation, and dikes contain- ing 26,100 cubic yards of excavated stone and 84,600 cubic yards of quarried stone; but present indications are that the actual quantity of rock excavation will greatly exceed the estimate. Although some of the most obstructive shoals have been improved and light-draft traffic has been made possible over the entire section except at periods of extreme low water, it will not be practicable to, have through traffic between Knoxville and Chattanooga throughout the year until the entire project is completed. The minimum avail-- able depth in the section of the river above Chattanooga was about 1 foot at extreme low water. The river is navigable for 1-foot draft throughout the year, and usually navigable for 2-foot draft from December 15 to August 1, and for 3-foot draft from January 1 to June 1. Draft of 4 feet and over is occasionally practicable for short, disconnected periods during the high-water months of Jan- uary to April, inclusive. When the Knoxville and Loudon gauges: read 0.5, 2-foot navigation is practicable; and for each additional foot of reading on these gauges 1 additional foot of navigable water depth is practicable. The total amount expended was $25,614.57 for Caney Creek Lock, $1,576,271.78 for open-channel work, and $48,- 625.34 for maintenance, a total of $1,650,511.69. Proposed operations.-With the balance unexpended, $20,569.66,. it is proposed to care for property and maintain United States boat yard. It is estimated that available funds will be expended at the, rate of about $1,700 per month, and be exhausted by June 30, 1924. The additional sum of $30,000 can be profitably expended during' the fiscal year 1925. It is proposed to care for property and main- tain United States boat yard till the necessity of further improve- ment in this section becomes apparent, and to maintain the com- pleted channel by the removal of snags and surface obstructions and redredging where necessary. Commercial statistics.-The usual drafts of loaded boats handling all classes of traffic vary from 2 to 3 feet. The total commerce above Chattanooga for the calendar year 1922 amounted to 619,124 short RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHATTANOOGA, TENN., DISTRICT. 1181 tons, valued at $2,430,270. The commerce consisted .principally of sand and gravel, forest products, vegetable food products, iron ore, and general merchandise. The following table gives a comparative statement of the total commerce above Chattanooga for the calendar years indicated: Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918........... 529,299 $2,801,202 70 1921.......... 486,760 $1,182, 893 1,228 1919........... 589,660 4,961,624 634 1922 .......... 619,124 2,430,270 3,200 1920........... 581,055 1,854,437 1,855 The above table shows a large increase in tonnage and in value from the previous year. The increase in tonnage and value is due principally to the fact that there was a marked increase in sand and gravel, iron ore, general merchandise, and machinery. Compared with the preceding year, sand and gravel show an increase of 91,624 tons, valued at $59,556; iron ore an increase of 46,500 tons, valued at $116,250; general merchandise an increase of 4,773 tons, valued at $954,600; and machinery an increase of 460 tons, valued at $276,000. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $87,410.19: New work------------------- -$2, ------------------ 350, 128. 26 Maintenance --------- ------------------------------ 110, 062. 45 Net total expended-------------------------------2, 460, 190. 71 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------- - 2, 480, 760. 37 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work ......... . . . . . 13. $169, 095. .. . . . . ... . . . 799. . .$168, . . . . 85 . $29, 590.32 ................. Expended for maintenance 2 . .. 5,086.49 $24,656.27 $23,299.04 Total expended 2.......... 169, 095. 13 168, 799. 85 34, 676. 81 24, 656.27 23,299.04 Appropriated or allotted......... 160, 000. 00 i............ 35, 000. 00 20, 000. 00 20,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---------------------------$22, 175. 19 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923__------------------------------------- 20, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923---------------- 1, 693. 51 43, 868. 70 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance 2___ - ------- 23, 299. 04 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------------- ------------ 20, 569. 6e July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities--------------------------- 1, 441. 35 July 1, 1923, balance available ------ -------------- 19, 128. 31 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---- ------------------------------ 83, 250, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance ----------------------- 8 30, 000. 00 Not including $51,406.94 appropriated for the section " Knoxville to Kelleys Ferry," Aug. 30, 185r2, part of which was expended below Chattanooga. 2Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. Exclusive of available funds. 1182 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S, ARMY, 1923. 2. TENNESSEE RIVER-CHATTANOOGA TO BROWNS ISLAND. (A2.) Location and description.-See " 1. Tennessee River above Chat- tanooga. (Al)." Original condition.-Chattanooga to Hales Bar: This section, known as the " mountain section," was a serious obstruction to navi- gation at low-water periods on account of the small depth, deep slopes, and consequent excessive currents. The minimum available low-water depth was about 0.7 foot. Light-draft navigation was possible for the greater part of the year through the 33 miles in- cluded in the project. Hales Bar to Browns Island: This section had a gentle slope, but was obstructed by numerous gravel and rock bars, with a minimum available low-water depth of about 0.8 foot. Light-draft naviga- tion was possible for the greater part of the year through the entire length of the section, 138 miles. Previous projects.-The original project for open-channel work was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1868, and cov- ered all of the river between Chattanooga and Riverton, except that portion between Browns Island and Florence. A new project for open-channel work was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, and extended in scope by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, for the Hales Bar to Browns Island and Florence to Colbert Shoals subdivisions. The amount expended on these pro- jects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1912 was $980,489 for new work and $19,671.41 for maintenance, a total of $1,000,160.41. For further details of previous projects see page 1903 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1915. Existing project. Hales Bar. The existing project provides for the construction by the Chattanooga & Tennessee River Power Co. of a lock, dam, and power house at Hales Bar, the dam to give a pool 6 feet deep at low water up to Chattanooga (33 miles), the United States to provide the plans, supervise the construction, and provide the gates, valves, operating machinery, and other ap- purtenances of the lock. The principal features of the lock and dam are as follows: Name of lock: Hales Bar. Location: 33 miles below Chattanooga, Tenn., and 431 miles above the mouth of the river. Length of lock available for the full width: 267 feet. Width of lock: 60 feet. Depth on miter sills at extreme low water: 6.5 feet on lower, 11 feet on upper. Lift of dam at low water: 371 feet. Character of foundation: Rock. Kind of dam: Fixed. Type of construction: Concrete. Year completed: 1913. Actual cost: $236,388.87 to the United States and about $6,686,700 to the power company, exclusive of power-house superstructure and installations. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHATTANOOGA, TENN., DISTRICT. 1188 The extreme fluctuation in the stage of the river varies from about 21 feet immediately above the dam to about 54 feet at Chattanooga. Fluctuations below extreme high water are so variable that it is im- practicable to fix the stage commonly referred to on other streams as ordinary high water. The estimate of cost to the United States, made in 1908, was $214,720, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The estimate of the annual cost of maintenance, made in 1912, is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by an act of Congress ap- proved April 26, 1904 (H. Doc. No. 461, 56th Cong., 1st sess.). A change of location of the lock was authorized by an act approved January 7, 1905. For map, see Annual Report for 1912, page 2243. Hales Bar to Browns Island: The existing project provides for the construction of concrete locks with low dams at Widows Bar and Bellefonte Island. Six-foot navigation at extreme low water is to be provided by the two low dams from Bellefonte Island to the Hales Bar Lock. The project also provides for open-channel work by dredging and by contraction works to obtain a channel 150 feet wide and 5 feet deep at extreme low water through all shoals in the 138 miles in the section between the head of Browns Island (293 miles above the mouth) and Hales Bar, except those in the reach to be canalized. The following data are submitted relative to the proposed locks and dams: Name of lock. Widows Bar. Bellefonte. Above mouth............................. .............. 408 miles .................... 392 miles. Below Chattanooga. ........ .................... 56.1 miles................... 72.1 miles. Length of lock available for the full width................. 265 feet....... ... ........ 265 feet. Clear width of lock.............................. ................ 60 feet ........................ 60 feet. Depth on miter sills at extreme low water................... 6.5 feet..................... 6.5 feet. Lift of dam at extreme low water.............. ... .......... 8.2 feet.................... 9.7 feet. Character of foundation.................................. .. Rock........................ Rock. Kind of dam..... ..... ..... .......... --. . . Fixed.......................Fixed. Type of construction ................................. Timber crib ................. Timber crib. Percentage of completion............................... 50 per cent .................. Not beun. Estimated cost ........... ................................ 779,000..................... 64,000. The extreme fluctuation in the stage of the river varies from about 30 feet to about 48 feet at different localities. Fluctuations below extreme high water are so variable that it is impracticable to fix the stage commonly referred to on other streams as ordinary high water. The estimated cost of the locks with low dams, exclusive of flowage damages, amounting to $44,000, revised in 1920, was $2,690,000 ' in addition to the amount of $88,000 made available prior to the date of the modified report, and $49,000 1 required for additional exca- vation in the upper reach of the Widows Bar pool, or a total of $2,818,000. The estimated cost of the open-channel work below Bellefonte Island made in 1915 was $2,618,000,2 making the total 1 See H. Doc. No. 981, 64th Cong., 1st sess., pp. 54 and 55, Table 7. 2 See H. Doc. No. 981, 64th Cong., lst sess., p. 52, Table 6. 61637-ENG 1923------75 1184 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. project estimate $5,436,000. These estimates are exclusive of amount expended under previous projects. The estimated annual cost of maintenance was $25,000 (1912). The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 25, 1912, provided for the open-channel work in accordance with report dated December 28, 1911 (H. Doc. No. 360, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); the act of July 27, 1916, provided for the canalization in accordance with report dated July 27, 1915 (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 1, 64th Cong., 1st sess.), and authorized the Secretary of War to determine the type of dams to be con- structed. In accordance therewith he entered his decision in favor of. two low dams on April 30, 1919. For maps see Annual Report for 1913, page 2498. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local. cooperation.-Hales Bar: An act of Congress of April 26, 1904 (as amended by an act dated January 7, 1905), authorized the construction by private interests of the Hales Bar Lock and Dam, the power company doing the work being granted the use of the water power produced by the dam for a period of 99 years. The terms of the act require that this company purchase and deed to the United States, free of cost and within 12 months after its passage, all lands necessary to the successful construction and operation of the lock and dam, including flowage rights and rights of way to and from public highways; that the lock and dam be constructed and given to the United States complete and free of cost, except that the United States should prepare the plans, supervise the construction, and provide the lock gates and ironwork and machinery necessary to operate the lock when completed, at its own expense, and that the plans for the work be approved by the Secretary of War. The act further requires that the contracting company shall furnish the necessary electric current while its power plant is in operation to move the gates and operate the lock and to light the United States buildings and grounds free of cost to the United States; and that nothing shall be done in the use of the water from the dam or other- wise that shall interfere in any way with navigation. All the conditions imposed by the act have been complied with by the power company except the transfer of flowage rights incident to the construction of the dam. The department has held that such rights of flowage may be acquired and conveyed in the form of an easement or servitude on the land affected by the work, and it is understood that suits are pending between the power company and landowners covering flowage rights. The construction work of the power company has been completed and the lock put in operation, but several leaks under the dam have developed and final acceptance of the lock and dam by the United States is being delayed until the result of the company's efforts to stop them has been determined. The cost to the power company was approximately $6,686,700, not including the power-house superstruc- ture, the hydraulic installation, the electric installation, or the trans- mission lines. Hales Bar to Browns Island: The river and harbor act of July 27, 1916, required that local interests contribute the cost of all claims RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHATTANOOGA, TENN., DISTRICT. 1185 for flowage damages, but this requirement was waived by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919. Terminal facilities.-Thereis at Chattanooga a municipally owned paved wharf and warehouse, equipped with endless-chain slat con- veyer, all open to public use. There is a municipally owned un- improved landing at Decatur which is open to the public without charge. There are four railway inclines at Chattanooga, two at l)ecatur, and one each at Bridgeport and Hobbs Island, all of which are open to the public. Privately owned and used facilities consist of two inclined tramways at Chattanooga and one at Kelleys Land- ing; three locomotive cranes at Chattanooga; two log inclines at Chattanooga and one at Decatur; and inclines for transferring rail- road cars to and from barges at Guntersville and Hobbs Island, the cars being ferried between these points. Public use of some of these facilities is frequently possible on payment of reasonable charges. There are many unimproved private landings, at a number of which are sheds or small warehouses without regular attendants, where the owners receive and care for freight at reasonable charges. Thee existing commerce is generally being handled at excessive cost and: risk of damage on account of the lack of more suitable wharfs, transfer facilities, and warehouses, and this condition undoubtedly discourages the transportation of freight by river. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. Nb. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Hales Bar: The improvement has made 6-foot navigation possible throughout the year from Hales Bar to Chattanooga and has greatly benefited local traffic. Hales Bar to Browns Island: Navigable conditions were improved by work under previous projects, but on account of the small low- water depth still prevailing the effect on commerce has been small. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Hales Bar: None. The sum of $86.90 was expended on stream gauging in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey; charged to maintenance. Hales Bar to Browns Island-Widows Bar Lock: Awaiting congres- sional action, active operations were not resumed until October; since that time the lock walls and lower guide wall were completed; the back fill 90 per cent completed, and the abutment wall three-quarters built. A quarry was opened up some 41 miles above the lock and 20 per cent of the stone for filling the dam has been delivered at the site. Lock gates, valves, and operating machinery were ordered also timber for the dam. The lock is 70.8 per cent completed, the abutment 61.8 per cent, and the project as a whole 51.12 per cent com- pleted. All work was done by hired labor. The amount expended was $104,295.83, all for new work. Included in this amount is $2,706.61 expended in clearing the river between Hales Bar and Browns Island of overhanging trees, snags, etc. The total, ex- penditures for this section of the river amounted to $104,295.83 for new work and $86.90 for maintenance, a grand total of $104,- 382.73. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Hales Bar: The lock and dam were completed and placed in operation November 1, 1913. The dam provides 6-foot low-water navigation up to Chattanooga, 33 miles. The improvements were in good condition at the end of the year. 1186 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The total amount expended by the United States was $236,388.871 for new work and $64,400 for maintenance, a total of $300,788.87. Hales Bar to Browns Island: The construction at Widows Bar Lock progressed favorably. Work on this project has not advanced sufficiently (it being only 51 per cent completed) to have any bene- ficial influence on navigation interests. Work under previous proj- ects had improved low-water conditions so as to make light-draft traffic practicable except at low water. The minimum available depth in the reach between Hales Bar and Browns Island was about 0.8 foot at extreme low water, but the river is usually navigable for 15-inch draft throughout the year, for 2-foot draft from December 15 to September 1, and 3-foot draft from January 1 to July 1, and 4-foot draft from January 1 to May 15.. Drafts of 5 and 6 feet are occasionally practicable for disconnected periods of different lengths during the high-water months of January to April, inclusive. When the Bridgeport and Decatur gauges read 1 and 0.5, respectively, 2-foot navigation is practicable, and for each additional foot of reading on these gauges 1 additional foot of navigation depth is available. The total amount expended under the existing project was $796,426.24, all for new work. The total expenditures on the existing project have been $1,032,- 815.11 for new work and $64,400 for maintenance, a total of $1,097,215.11. Proposed operations.-HalesBar: With the balance unexpended, $600, it is proposed to remove any stumps or trees along the edges of the pool below the present timber line which may become a menace to navigation requiring immediate removal, and for repair of floating plant used in this work. It is estimated that the funds will be expended at the rate of $50 per month, and that they will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. The additional sum of $30,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925 to complete the removal of all trees and stumps standing along the edges of the pool below the present timber line. It is estimated that the funds will be expended at the rate of $2,500 per month, and that they will be exhausted by June 30, 1925. Hales Bar to Browns Island: With the balance unexpended $336,904.89, it is proposed to complete the work at Widows Bar Lock as follows: Plant installation ....------------------- $10, 000 Dam ------------------------ ---------- 200,000 Complete lock-------------------------------------------- 15,000 Complete abutment ------------------------------------- 10, 000 Lock gates and operating machinery_ - -------------------- 55, 000 Engineering and contingencies____------------------------------ 46, 900 Total----------------------------------------------------- 336, 900 Commercial statistics.-The usual drafts of loaded boats handling all classes of traffic vary from 2 to 4 feet. The commerce consisted principally of coal, fertilizer, general merchandise, vegetable food products, forest products, cotton, and sand and gravel. The follow- ing table gives a comparative statement of commerce for this section of the river for the calendar years indicated. 1Includes the expenditure of $6,668.87 received from the subdivision "Hales Bar to Browns Island." RIVERS AND] HARBORS-CHATTANOOGA, TENN., DISTRICT. 1187 Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. i Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918........... 141,486 $14,341,795 22,173 1921............. 118,385 $8,435,874 15,580 1919........... 164, 25014,486,683 185,242 12,002,313 19, 215 20,434 1922.......... 165, 486 12, 564, 455 23, 556 1920... .... Totals include Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Railroad car- ferry traffic, which moved a distance of 22 miles by water. Financialsummary. HALES BAR. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,541.33: New work--------- -------------------- $236, 388. 87 Maintenance - 400. 00 6-------------------------- 64, Net total expended__----- ---- ----------- 30.0, 788. 87 Total appropriations to date of this report ----- _____ -301, 388. 87 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........................................... ......... ........ Expended for maintenance 1 1, 847. 67 $..... $13, 785. 58 $32, 019. 99 $6, 173. 84 86.90 Appropriated or allotted..................... .......... . 15,000.00........................ July 1, 1922, balance unexpended __________________________ $686. 90 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance--------------------------------------------------- 86. 90 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------------------------ 600. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance -------------------------------- 230,000. 00 HALES BAR TO BRO WVNS ISLAND. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $7,897.49: New work --------------------------------------- $1, 776, 915. 24 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 19, 671.41 Net total expended-------------------------------1, 796, 586. 66 Total appropriations to date of this report , 133, 491. 54 2----------------- Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1...... $7, 330. 52 $85, 975. 38 $357, 870. 58 $154, 526.55 $104,295.83 Expended for maintenance .................. ....................................... A 'nropriatedor allotted....... 40, 000.00 .............. 100, 000. 00 150, 000. 00 255, 000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. Exclusive of available funds. 3 Includes expenditures under previous projects at miscellaneous localities between Chattanooga and Riverton. 1188 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended----__ $185, 850. 97 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923_ _-.--__-___ - 255, 000. 00 .4 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923--------349. 75 441. 200. 72 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work 1---_ _ ----------- --- 104, 295. 83 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------- ------------- 336, 904. 89 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-------- $74, 512. 99 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts---------------- -------------------- 31, 475. 00 105, 987. 99 July 1, 1923, balance available------------------- ---------- 230, 916. 90 Amounted (estimated) required to be appropriated for comple- tion of existing project------------------------------------ 2 4, 325, 725. 00 CONSOLIDATEI) FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR TENNESSEE RIVER, CHATTANOOGA TO BROWNS ISLAND. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $9,438.82: New work ----------------------------------------- $2, 013, 304. 11 Maintenance 4, 071. 41 8------------------------- Net total expended ------------------------------- 2, 097, 375. 52 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------2, 434, 880. 41 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ $7, 330. 52 $85, 975.38 $357, 870.58 $154, 526. 55 $104,295. 83 Expended for maintenance 1.... 1,847. 867 13, 785. 58 32, 019. 99 6,173. 84 86. 90 Total expended1'........... 9,178.19 99, 760.96 389,890.57 160, 700.39, 104,382.73 Appropriated or allotted......... 40,000.00 ............. 115,000.00 150,000.00 255,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-_--- __ $186, 537. 87 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923 ----------- -- 255, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923_ 349. 75 441, 887. 62 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year:' For new work ___-- ______----------- $104,295.83 For maintenance ----------------------- --- -- 86. 90 104, 382. 73 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -- ------------------------ 337, 504. 89 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities---------------$74, 512. 99 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts ------------------------------------ 31, 475. 00 105, 987. 99 July 1, 1923, balance available, including $600 available only for maintenance------------------- --------------- 231, 516. 90 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project __ 2 4, 325, 725. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance_ 230, 000. 00 etc. ExclusIve of available funds. 'Not deducting receipts from sales, 2 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. a Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHATTANOOGA, TENN., DISTRICT. 1189 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $96,849.01: work New Newwor---------------------------------------$4 $4, 363, 432. 37 6342.3 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 194, 133. 86 Net total expended-------------------------------4, 557, 566. 23 Total appropriations to date of this report_________---------4, 915, 640. 78 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 '1923 Expended for new work 1....... $176, 425.65 $254, 775.23 $387,460. 90 $154,526. 55 $101, 295. 83 Expended for meaintenance 1.... 1,847. 67 .13, 785. 58 37,106.48 30, 830. 11 23, 385. 94 Total, expended. .......... 178, 273. 32 268, 560. 81 424, 567. 38 185, 356. 66 127, 681. 77 Appropriated or allotted........ 200.000.00 .............. 150, 000.00 170, 000.00 275,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-_ _-_ ------------------- $208, 713. 06 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved March 2, 1923--------------------------------- 275, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923--------------2, 043. 26 485, 756. 82 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year :1 For new work_........________- - $104, 295.83 For maintenance __________________-- _ 23, 385. 94 127, 681. 77 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended______------------- 358,074. 55 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ____ ___----$75, 954.34 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts-------------------- 31, 475. 00 107, 429. 34 July 1, 1923, balance available, including $600 available only for maintenance --------------------- ._.------250, 645. 21 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project _____________ - ____ - __-- -_____ 27, 575, 725. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance_______ ____________--- --- '60, 000. 00 3. OPERATING AND CARE OF HALES BAR LOCK. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for improvement of the Tennessee River, Chattanooga to Browns Island. See pages 1182 to 1188 of this report, where general information regarding the improvement can be found. The work carried on is the operation and maintenance of Hales Bar Lock, which has been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since November 1, 1913. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The lock was operated and the grounds, buildings, roads, and all other improvements cared for and maintained, all work being done by hired labor. Other miscellaneous work consisted in repairing electric equipment and 11Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. ' E~xclusive of available funds. 1190 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. operating machinery of sluice gates, painting ironwork, building retaining walls in connection with yards and residences, etc. The Hales Bar road was also repaired and rock surfaced for 320 linear feet. The amount expended for operating and care was $8,186.81. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The lock and dam were completed and placed in operation November 1, 1913, at a cost to the United States of $236,388.87. Expenditures for the removal of trees and stumps along the edges of the pool have amounted to $64,400. The dam provides for 6-foot navigation at low water up to Chatta- nooga (33 miles). The improvements were in good condition at the end of the fiscal year. The total amount expended from the permanent indefinite appropriation for operating and care, exclusive of outstanding liabilities, was $97,240.44. Proposed operations.-The lock and dam will be operated and maintained under allotment from the permanent indefinite appropri- ation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-The usual drafts of loaded boats handling all classes of traffic through the improved section vary from 2 to 4 feet. The commerce consisted principally of cattle fertilizer, general merchandise, vegetable food products, cottonseed, forest products, and coal. The following table gives a comparative statement of the total commerce passing through the Hales Bar Lock for the calendar years indicated: Comparative statement. Calendar Short Value Passen- Calendar Short Value. Pasen- year. tons. gers. year. tons. gers 1918........... 19, 369 $1,252, 553 3, 471 1921.......... 14, 321 $618, 416 1,197 1919........... 18, 951 1, 186, 421 2, 134 1922.......... 15, 477 1, 003, 997 799 1920........... 16, 590 618, 893 1,647 4. SURVEY OF TENNESSEE RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES, N. C., TENN., ALA., AND KY. The river and harbor act of June 5, 1920, provided for a prelimi- nary examination and survey of Tennessee River and tributaries in North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, and Kentucky. A report on preliminary examination and partial survey was submitted to Con- gress under date of May 18, 1922 (H. Doc. No. 319, 67th Cong., 2d sess.), in order that the data thus far developed might be known to Congress and that Congress might indicate the scope and extent of any additional surveys desired and appropriate the funds neces- sary therefor. The river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, authorized a survey at a cost not to exceed $200,000. Because of the limited funds available no field work could be un- dertaken during the first 11 months of the fiscal year; and opera- tions were confined to office work consisting of completing and re- vising the topographic maps from the field data obtained during the previous year, and studies of two dam sites on the upper Tennessee River. Stream-flow records were compiled for all streams of im- portance in the basin. Funds for making a survey of the Tennessee River having been provided by the War Department appropriation act of March 2, 1923, the work of mapping the Tennessee River was RIVERS AND HARBORS CHATTANOOGA, TENN., DISTRICT. 1191 resumed on June 1, 1923, and stream gauging operations expanded. The expenditures during the year amounted to $6,391.12. Proposed operations.-Withthe balance unexpended June 30, 1923, the survey work will be continued. The amount that can be profitably expended for continuation of this work during the fiscal year 1925 is $50,000. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work------------------------------------------- $6, 388.63 Maintenance---------------- Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------100, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 d923 Expended for new work ........ ........ ...... ..... "........... $6,388.63 Expended for maintenance ................................................... Appropriated or allotted................ ....... ..................... 100, o000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation 'act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923---------------------------------- $100, 000. 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year for new work__ 6, 388. 63 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------------------------93, 611. 37 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities----__-- _____________ 1, 445. 77 July 1, 1923, balance available 2, 165. 60 9------------------------- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project--------------------------------- 1100, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for prosecution of survey authorized by the river and harbor act of Sept. 22, 1922_____ _ 50, 000. 00 5. FRENCH BROAD AND LITTLE PIGEON RIVERS, TENN. Location and description.-The French Broad River is formed by the junction of its North and West Forks about 15 miles above Bre- vard, N. C., and about 204 miles above the mouth, and unites with the Holston River to form the Tennessee, about 4J miles above Knox- ville. Its general direction of flow is slightly northeast from the head to Asheville, N. C., northwest from Asheville to the Tennessee- North Carolina State line, and west from this point to the mouth: Between Leadvale and Asheville the river is torrential, the average fall being 13.4 feet per mile. Below Leadvale the current is mod- erate except at some of the shoals, the average fall being 2.3 feet per mile. At mean low water the river below Leadvale has an average width of about 600 feet and a discharge of about 1,700 second-feet. The discharge at extreme high water is estimated at about 150,000 second-feet. The drainage basin has an area of 5,136 square miles. The Little Pigeon River is formed by the junction of its East and South Forks at Sevierville, Tenn., and flows in a northerly direction for about 5 miles, emptying into the French Broad about 28 miles above its mouth. The project provides for the removal of the bar at 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1192 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. the mouth. At mean low water the Little Pigeon has an average width of 175 feet and an average slope per mile of 8.3 feet for the upper 3.2 miles and only about 1.6 feet for the lower 1.8 miles. The drainage area is 373 square miles, and the extreme low-water dis- charge at the mouth is estimated at about 200 cubic feet per second, the high-water discharge being unknown. (See U. S. post-route map of Kentucky and Tennessee.) Original condition.-The French Broad was obstructed by rock reefs, sand and gravel bars, and by bowlders, snags, and overhanging trees, and numerous islands in the river divided the water and dimin- ished the depth in the navigable channels. Leadvale, Tenn., 691 miles above the mouth, was the head of steamboat navigation, and it is not believed that rafting or logging was practicable to any great extent above this point because of the torrential character of the stream. 'At mean low water the river below Leadvale had a mini- mum available depth of about 1 foot. The Little Pigeon was ob- structed by a bar at its mouth. The head of navigation was the "warehouse," about 1 mile above the mouth and near Catlettsburg,. Tenn. The low-water channel depth over the shoal was less than 6 inches. Previous projects.-Previousprojects for the improvement of the French Broad River in North Carolina between Brevard and Ashe- ville were adopted by the river and harbor acts of August 14, 1876, and August 2, 1882. The amount expended on these projects prior to their abandonment in 1885 was $43,000, all of which was for new work. There has been no previous project for the French Broad in Tennessee. For further details of previous projects see page 1906 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for securing by dredging, by contraction works, and by the removal of surface obstructions a chan- nel 21 feet deep during the low-water season from Leadvale to the mouth (691 miles) and for the removal of the bar at the mouth of the Little Pigeon River. The proposed width of boat channel was not specified in the project, but plans for improvement in recent years have contemplated securing a width of from about 65 to 90 feet. The extreme fluctuation in the stage of the French Broad varies from about 27.5 feet at Leadvale to about 45 feet at the mouth, being about 30 feet at the mouth of the Little Pigeon. Fluctuations below extreme high water are so variable that it is impracticable to fix the stage commonly referred to on other streams as ordinary high water. The estimated cost of the work below Dandridge, made in 1915, is $241,485 1 (first estimated at $150,000). That for the Little Pigeon, made in 1891, is $10,000. The estimate of the annual cost of maintenance of the project, made in 1915, is $4,000.1 The existing project for the French Broad River was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, in accordance with the report of October 20, 1870 (Annual Report for 1871, p. 491), and the report of Feb- ruary 7, 1876 (Annual Report for 1876, p. 718). That for the Little Pigeon River was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, in accordance with the report of January 3, 1891 (Annual Re- port for 1891, p. 2287). For map see House Document No. 616, Fifty-sixth Congress, first session. xSee H. Doc. No. 489, 64th Cong., 1st sess. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHATTANOOGA, TENN., DISTRICT. 1193 Recommended modifications of project.-It has been recommended that legislation be enacted authorizing the abandonment of the exist- ing project for improvement of the French Brpad and Little Pigeon Rivers, and making provision whereby, upon recommendation of the Chief of Engineers and approval of the Secretary of War, the removal of snags and similar obstructions from the French Broad may be carried on periodically with funds appropriated for the Ten- nessee River above Chattanooga, at a cost of approximately $5,000 for each three-year period. (H. Does. Nos. 489 and 428, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.None. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities consist of unimproved private landings, with an occasional shed or small warehouse. These facilities can generally be used by the public for a small fee, and are considei'ed adequate for the existing commerce. Effect of improvenent.-The work done has improved low-water conditions so as to make light-draft traffic practicable for the greater part of the year from Dandridge to the mouth. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The dredged channel at lower end of Gibson Island (203 miles above, Chattanooga, Tenn.) was opened up for a distance of 210 linear feet, 1,285 cubic yards of gravel being removed. The sum of $4,000 was expended for main- tenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The work proposed below Dan- dridge was about 70 per cent completed. The minimum available depth at mean low water was probably about 1.5 feet over the reach below Dandridge, and about 1 foot over the entire section below Leadvale. Practically no work has been done above Dardridge, and, while; conditions at all shoals below Dandridge have been improved, the full project channel dimensions have not been obtained at nine localities. Steamboat navigation is possible from the mouth to Leadvale, Tenn., 69. miles, but boats rarely go above Dandridge, Tenn., 461 miles above the mouth. No navigation is possible above Leadvale, as between this point and Asheville, N. C., a distance of about 75 miles, the stream is torrential, having an average fall of 13.4 feet per mile. Ordinarily the winter stage of the river is not more than 2 or 3 feet higher than the stage occurring in the summer and fall, and therefore nothing but light-draft navigation is ever possible. An 18-inch draft below Dandridge and a 12-inch draft up to Lead- vale are possible throughout the year. A 2-foot draft below Dan- dridge and an 18-inch draft up to Leadvale are possible when the Dandridge gauge reads 1 foot, or, in average years of river flow, from December 1 to September 1. A 30-inch draft below Dandridge and 2-foot draft up to Leadvale are possible when the Dandridge gauge reads 1.8 feet. There is no certainty as to the period during which these latter depths will be available, navigation sometimes being possible from January 1 to June 1, but frequently not possible for longer periods than two weeks during any part of this time, with the periods of interruption about equal to the periods of navigability. The total amount expended under the existing project was $166,604.80 for new work and $33,554.02 for maintenance, a total of $200,158.82. 1194 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Proposed operations.-No work proposed- for the fiscal years 1924 and 1925, as the channel dimensions are sufficient for the present needs of commerce, and no work is thought to be necessary for the maintenance of the project. No further reports will be submitted. Commercial statistics.-The usual drafts of loaded boats on this - river vary from 15 inches to 2 feet. The commerce consisted of hogs, vegetable food products, and general merchandise. The fol- lowing table gives a comparative statement of commerce for the calendar years indicated: Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918.......... 4,231 $230,644 ....... 1921......... 2,410 $62,318 700 1919.......... 1,720 115,289............ 1922.......... 1,542 55,696 400 1920... ................................ The packet steamer which had navigated this river in previous years sank the first of the calendar year 1920, and was not replaced until the calendar year 1921. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $860.65: New work--------------- -------------------------- $209, 604. 80 Maintenance--------------------------------- -------- 33, 554. 02 ___--- Net total expended__-- -------------------------- 243, 158.82 Total appropriations to date of this report _ 243, 158. 82 ___-___________ Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.......... 1. . . . . . . . . . ............... .. . ..................... ........ Expended for maintenance .. $145.63 .............. $200.00 $4,000.00 Appropriated or allotted................ ... . ........... .......... 4,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 2, 1919 __ $4, 000 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance .. 4, 000 6. CLINCH RIVER, TENN. AND VA. Location and description.-The Clinch River is formed by the junction of its north and south forks in Tazewell County, Va., and flows in a southwesterly direction for about 332 miles to Kingston, Tenn., where it empties into the Tennessee River, 1031 miles above Chattanooga. The currents and slopes are generally excessive at the shoals, but moderate in the pools. Between Walkers Ferry and the mouth (126.2 miles) the average width of the river is about 300 feet, and the average slope 1.83 feet per mile. At the mouth the drainage area is 4,405 square miles, the mean low-water discharge about 765 second-feet, and the high-water discharge unknown. (See U. S. post- route map of Kentucky and Tennessee.) RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHATTANOOGA, TENN., DISTRICT. 1195 Original condition.-In its original condition the river was ob- structed by numerous rock shoals, bowlders, snags, and other surface obstructions. Between Walkers Ferry and the mouth (126.2 miles) the minimum available depth at ordinary low water was about 0.5 foot. The river was not navigable at low stages on account of the bowlders and surface obstructions. Clinton, Tenn., 60 miles above the mouth, was the head of steamboat navigation, but rafts were sometimes floated down from points as far upstream as Speers Ferry, Va., 201 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-None." Existing project.-This provides for channel excavation, removal of surface obstructions, and the construction of wing dams and training walls, so as to secure a navigable channel of 2 feet in depth at ordinary low water from the mouth of the river to Clinton, about 60 miles, and of 1.5 feet in depth from Clinton to Walkers Ferry (Haynes), about 66 miles, the proposed width of channel not being stated in the project. From Walkers Ferry to the State line, about 66 miles, it is proposed simply to remove the loose rocks and bowlders, reduce the rock ledges, and remove snags, overhanging trees, and similar obstructions, so as to assist raft and flatboat navigation at the stages at which the river is ordinarily used. The extreme fluctuation in the stage of the river varies from about 28 feet at Speers Ferry to about 47 feet at the mouth. Fluctuations below extreme high water are so variable that it is impracticable to fix the stage commonly referred to on other streams as ordinary high water. The estimate of cost of the work proposed, made in 1886, is $50,000 (first estimated at $26,400). No estimate for annual maintenance was given in the project, nor was the proposed channel width speci- fied. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, based on the report of February 2, 1876 (Annual Report for 1876, p. 741). Though not specifically stated in any of the subsequent river and harbor acts, it is considered that the plan of improvement as afterwards extended in scope had the approval of Congress (Annual Report for 1881, p. 1863). By the river andharbor act approved July 27, 1916, provision was made for maintenance of improvement of the Clinch and Holston Rivers at or near the mouths of said rivers by allotment of not- to exceed $5,000 from the appropriation made by that act for Tennessee River above Chattanooga, Tenn. No allotment to Clinch River has as yet been made under this authority. For map, see House Docu- ment No. 75, Fifty-sixth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-It has been recommended that legislation be enacted authorizing the abandonment of the proj- ect for improvement of Clinch River, and the application of funds appropriated for the maintenance of the Tennessee River above Chattanooga to snagging in the Clinch, upon recommendiaton of the Chief of Engineers and approval of the Secretary of War, in amount of approximately $4,000 in each period of four years. (H. Doc. No. 532, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities consist of unimproved private landings, with an occasional shed or small warehouse. These facilities can generally be used by the public for a small fee, and are considered adequate for existing commerce. 1196 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Effect of improvement.-The improvement was of some advantage in former years in making navigation at medium and high stages less difficult and dangerous. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The entire length of river covered by the project had been worked over, but the project depths had not been obtained. However, the river was fairly free of bowlders, snags, and other surface obstructions, and at some of the shoals the velocities and slopes had been reduced and the depths increased, whereby the use of the river was made practicable at stages 2 and 3 feet lower than before the improvement was begun. The head of steamboat navigation is Clinton, Tenn., 60 miles above the mouth, but rafts have been floated down from points as far upstream as Speers Ferry, Va., 201 miles above the mouth. Very light boats might ascend the river considerably above Clinton during the winter, as the currents and fall between Clinton and the Southern Railway bridge near Lone Mountain are not materially greater than below Clinton, but such an undertaking would probably be difficult on account of snags, etc. The least depth in the boat channel below Clinton is only about 0.7 foot when the Clinton gauge reads 4 feet. Ordinarily the winter stage of the river is not more than 2 or 3 feet higher than the stage occurring in the summer and fall, except for short periods, and therefore nothing but light-draft navigation is ever possible. A draft of 12 inches up to Clinton is practically certain from January 15 to May 15, and usually possible from January 1 to June 1. A draft.of 2 feet is usually possible from February 1 to April 10. Nav- igation in any of these periods, however, is liable to interruption. Drafts of 1 and 2 feet are possible when the Qlinton gauge reads about 4.5 and 5.5 feet, respectively. The amount expended was $53,949.19 for new work and $7,873.24 for maintenance, a total of $61,822.43. Proposed operations.-Forthe fiscal years 1924 and 1925 no work is proposed, as none is thought to be necessary for the maintenance of the project; No further reports will be submitted. Commercial statistics.--The usual drafts of boats operating this river vary from 15 inches to 2J feet. The commerce consisted of rafted timber products. The following table gives a comparative statement of the commerce for the calendar years indicated: Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918.................... . 8,376 $83,760 1921........... ......... . 6,919 $52,048 1919.......................69,831 1,655,672 1922..................... 7,589 82,217 1920 ...................... 5,361 49,084 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $45.10: New work ------------ -------------- $53, 949. 19 Maintenance -- __--------------- -- 7, 873. 24 Net total expended -------------------------------- 61, 822. 43 Total appropriations to date of this report---- ------------ 61, 822.43 RIVERS AND HARBORS-CIHATTANOOGA, TENN., DISTRICT. 1197 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............. .............................................. Expended for maintenance 1..... ................................. $$560.97....... .. Appropriated or allotted.......... ...................... ............. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 7. HIWASSEE RIVER, TENN. Location and description.-The Hiwassee River rises in Towns County, in northern Georgia, and flows in a general northwesterly direction for about 132 miles, passing through the western part of North Carolina and into Tennessee, and entering the Tennessee River 361 miles above Chattanooga. Below the mouth of the Ocoee the current'is frequently swift at the shoals, but moderate in the pools. The width in this section varies from 200 to 450 feet and the average slope is 0.94 foot per mile. At the mouth the drainage area is 2,706 square miles, the discharge at mean low water about 1,200 second- feet, and the high-water discharge unknown. (See United States post-route map of Kentucky and Tennessee.) Originalcondition.-The river was obstructed by rock reefs, gravel bars, snags, and overhanging trees. Below the mouth of the Ocoee the maximum slope over shoals was 17 feet per mile. The minimum available depth at mean low water in the 35-mile section was about 1 foot. Savannah Ford, 41.6 miles above the mouth, was the head of steamboat navigation, and rafting and logging were not practicable above this point. Previous projects.-The original project, based on an examination made in 1874 (Annual Report for 1875, p. 809), was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 14, 1876. The amount expended under this project, prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1902, was $36,427.07 for new work. For further details of previous project see page 1907 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the improvement of the 35 miles of the river between its mouth and the mouth of the Ocoee by the use of spur dikes, training walls, and submerged sills, and by bank protection and dredging. The depth proposed is 3 feet in the boat channel at ordinary low water, with a mean of 21 feet through the entire width of navigable channel, which is to be 164 feet, with a minimum of 116 feet allowed on one shoal. The width of dredged channels is to be 50 feet. The extreme fluctuation in the stage of the river in the project section varies from about 32.5 feet to about 50 feet at different localities. Fluctuations below extreme high water are so variable that it is impracticable to fix the stage commonly referred to on other streams as ordinary high water. The estimate of cost of the work, made in 1900, is $71,125, exclusive of the amount expended on previous project. The estimated cost of maintaining the improvement was not given in the report. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, in accord- ance with the report of the survey ordered by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899. (H. Doc. No. 77, 56th Cong. 2d sess.) For map, see House Document No. 75, Fifty-sixth Congress, second session. 1198 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Recommended modifications of project.--It has been recommended that legislation be enacted authorizing the abandonment of the proj- ect for improvement of the Hiwassee River (H. Doc. No. 405, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities consist of unimproved private landings, with an occasional shed or small warehouse. These facilities can generally be used by the public for a small fee and are considered adequate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-The work done has improved low-water conditions so as to make light-draft traffic practicable for the greater part of the year from Charleston to the mouth. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.--About half of the work proposed was completed. Savannah Ford, 7 miles above the mouth of the Ocoee River and 41.6 miles above the mouth of the Hiwassee, has been reached by small steamboats, but present steamboat traffic does not extend above Charleston, Tenn., 19 miles above the mouth. Rafting and logging are said to be impracticable above Savannah Ford, and therefore it is probable that no boat could go beyond this point. The least depth in the boat channel at low water is about 2 feet below Charleston and about 1 foot between Charleston and Savannah Ford. Ordinarily the winter stage of the river is not more than 2 or 3 feet higher than the stage occurring in the summer and fall, except for short periods, and therefore nothing but compara- tively light-draft navigation is ever possible. Drafts of 2 feet below Charleston and 1 foot up to Savannah Ford are possible at low water, and therefore throughout the year. One foot greater drafts in the two sections are practically certain from January 1 to Sep- tember 1, and usually possible from December 15 to October 1. Two feet greater drafts than those available at low water are usually possible from January 1 to August 1, but always uncertain and liable to interruption. Drafts of 2 feet, 3 feet, and 4 feet below Charleston, or 1 foot, 2 feet, and 3 feet up to Savannah Ford are possible when the Charleston gauge reads 0.3, 1.0, and 2.3, respectively. The amount expended under the present project was $76,884.19 for new work and $9,754.45 for maintenance, a total of $86,638.64. Proposed operations.-For the fiscal years 1924 and 1925 no work is proposed, as the amount of commerce involved does not appear to justify further expenditures at present. No further reports will be submitted. Commercial statistics.-The usual drafts of loaded boats on the Hiwassee River vary from about 15 inches to 3 feet. The commerce for the calendar year 1922 consisted principally of corn, hay, pro- duce, strawberries, and general merchandise. The following table gives a comparative statement of the commerce for the calendar years indicated: Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918................ . 635 837, 150 1921.................... 928 854,779 1919.................... 506 75 900 1922 ................. 2,386 280,561 1920.................... 110 4385 RIVERS AND HARBORS--FLORENCE, ALA., DISTRICT. 1199 The above table shows a large increase in tonnage and a very large increase in value thereof from the previous year. The increase in tonnage is due, no doubt, to the fact that more gasoline boats oper- ated on the Hiwassee River during the calendar year 1922 than in the previous year. The increase of several valuable articles of commerce, such as machinery, 74 tons, valued at $44,400; produce, 164 tons, valued at $16,400; and general merchandise, 790 tons, valued at $158,000, accounts for the increase in value. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $8.23: New work-------------------------------------------- $113, 311. 26 Maintenance------------------------ --------- 9, 754. 45 Net total expended---------------- ------------------ 123, 065. 71 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 123, 065. 71 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............... .... ....... ....... . .. ...... ............. Expended for maintenance..... ......................... ......... .... ........... ........ Appropriated or allotted......... ....................... ....... ............ ................ .............. EXAMINATION MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JUNE 5, 1920. Report dated September 15, 1922, on preliminary examination of French Broad River, N. C., required by the river and harbor act of June 5, 1920, was duly submitted by the district engineer. It was reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pur- suant to law, and was transmitted to Congress November 25, 1922, but has not yet been printed. No survey of the French Broad River N. C., is advisable under the act of June 5, 1920. The necessity of any work on the river will be determined after the completion of the survey of "Tennessee River and tributaries, N. C., Tenn., Ala., and Ky.," contemplated under the act of September 22, 1922. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making a survey provided for by the river and harbor act approved September 22, 1922, of Tennessee River and tributaries, N. C., Tenn., Ala., and Ky., and report thereon will be duly submitted when received. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE FLORENCE, ALA., DISTRICT. This district includes the section of the Tennessee River from the head of Browns Island to Riverton, Ala., a distance of 67.1 miles, and the drainage basin of this section which embraces parts of northern Alabama and southern Tennessee. District engineers: Col. W. J. Barden, Corps of Engineers, to May 18, 1923; Lieut. Col. G. R. Spalding, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineer: Col. C. W. Kutz, Corps of Engineers. 61637-ENG 1923-----76 1200 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. IMPROVEMENTS. Page. Page. 1. Tennessee River, Browns Is- 3. Operating and care of Muscle land to Riverton---------_ 1200 Shoals Canal, Tennessee 2. Dam No. 2, Muscle Shoals, River __------------------ 1210 Tennessee River, Ala.____ 1205 4. Operating and care of Colbert Shoals Canal (head of Col- bert Shoals to Riverton)___ 121.2 1. TENNESSEE RIVER, BROWNS ISLAND TO RIVERTON. Location and description.-The Tennessee River is formed by the junction of the French Broad and Holston Rivers in eastern Ten- nessee, 44 miles above Knoxville, flows southwest into northern Alabama, thence in a generally west course across north Alabama, and from the northeast boundary of Mississippi nearly due north across Tennessee and Kentucky, entering the Ohio River at Paducah, 652 miles from the junction of the French Broad and Holston Rivers. (See U. S. post-route map of Kentucky and Tennessee.) The section of river covered by this report includes two important shoal sections, the Muscle Shoals and the Colbert Shoals. In this section the river flows in a westerly direction through the northern part of Alabama from the head of Browns Island (171 miles below Chattanooga, Tenn.) to Riverton, Ala. (238 miles below Chattanooga, Tenn.), a distance of 67.1 miles. The drainage area above Riverton, Ala., is 30,850 square miles. The discharge at high water at Riverton is 458,000 cubic feet, estimated. The discharge at low water is 8,600 cubic feet, estimated. The discharge at Florence (207.5 miles below Chattanooga, Tenn.) varies from about 8,000 second-feet at extreme low water to about 450,000 at extreme high water. The fall in the entire section is 170 feet, 134 feet of this being in the Muscle Shoals section, and the width between banks varies from 1,000 feet to 9,600 feet. (See United States Geological Survey Topographical Map, Muscle Shoals, Rogersville (Ala.), and Iuka (Miss., Ala., and Tenn.), quadrangles.) Original condition.--Browns Island to Florence Ala.: This con- sisted of a series of rock shoals, with steep slopes, swift currents, and low-water depths as small as 6 inches, separated by pools of greater depths and slight slopes. The shoals were a complete barrier to upstream navigation at all times and to downstream traffic except at high stages and at great hazard. Florence to Colbert Shoals: This section was seriously obstructed by rock and gravel bars, with a minimum available low-water depth of about 1 foot. The slope was comparatively slight, the average be- ing 0.62 foot per mile. The entire section of 21.3 miles was navi- gable, except during the low-water season. Colbert Shoals to Riverton: This section consisted of two obstruc- tions, known as Colbert and Bee Tree Shoals, with steep slopes, swift currents, and small low-water depths separated by a short interval of deeper water where the slope was small, the minimum available low- water depth being about 1 foot. The total fall in this section was 24.95 feet, and the shoals formed a complete barrier to navigation at extreme low stages, but the entire section (8.7 miles) was navigable for traffic in both directions at medium high stages. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FLORENCE, ALA., DISTRICT. 1201 Previous projects.-The original project for open-channel work was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1868, and cov- ered all of the river between Chattanooga and Riverton, except that portion between Browns Island and Florence. A new project for open-channel work was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, and extended in scope by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, for the Hales Bar to Browns Island and Florence to Colbert Shoals subdivisions. The amount expended on these proj- ects was $980,489 for new work and $19,671.41 for maintenance, a total of $1,000,160.41. For further details of previous projects see page 1903 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1915. Existing projects.-Browns Island to Florence: The existing project covers the 36.6 miles above the Florence Bridge (256.5 miles above the mouth) and provides for the construction of a canal in two sections, with a depth of 5 feet at low water; one on the right bank with nine locks and one aqueduct at Big Muscle Shoals, and one on the left bank with two locks at Elk River Shoals, these works to be supplemented by a stone-fill dam from the foot of Browns Island to Lock A, which is the upper Elk River Shoals Lock, and by channel excavation and contraction works so as to provide the same depths in the sections above and below the canal as were available in the river above and below the Muscle Shoals section. The following table shows the principal features of the locks: L Depth on miter Above Lift at sills at low Flor- Above Lock dimen- ex- water. Name or number. mouth of treme ence, river, sions. 1 low Ala.water.Upper. Lower. Miles. Miles. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. A .................................. 29.8 286.3 57 x 275.0 3.9 4.8 5.0 B.....................................28.5 285.0 57 x 275.0 13.1 6.9 2.2 1... ... , ... 20.5 277.0 57 x 275.0 0.0 2.6 2.6 2... ..... : ..... :................... ...:.. 18.6 275.1 57 x 275. O 3.5 4.5 5.0 3............................................ 16.7 273.2 57 x 275.0 12.0 7.2 5.0 4............................................ 15.1 271.6 57 x 275.0 10.1 6.0 5.0 5.... ........................... ............ 13.2 269.7 57 x 28.3.5 12.1 7.0 5.0 6............................................ 9.1 265.6 57 x 283.9 13.1 7.0 5.0 7 ............................................. 7.7 264.2 57 x 283.5 11.8 6.8 5.0 8 ................................................. 7.0 263.5 57 x 283.5 9.9 7.0 5.0 9............................................ 6.7 263.2 57 x 283.5 11.9 7.5 3.5 Name or number. Character Kind of Type of construc- Year Actual or numbertion. of founda- daName com- cost tion. pleted. A ..................................... Rock...... None..... Stone masonry... 1887 $104, 907 B .................................... .. do..... ...... .. do . ......... do ..... 1887 137,694 1... ................ ................ ...... do. .. .. do.........do............. 1887 116,573 2 .................................... do.... .. do...... . ..... ... do..........1887 66,055 3 ................ ............. .. .. .. do...... ... do..... .... do............ 1887 137,694 4 ....................... ...................... do..... .... do........... 1887 115, 287 5 ............ .................... ... do...... .do..... .... do........... 1888 137, 407 6 ................................. ...... do..... .. do....... .. do........... 1889 148,611 7 ......................................... do..... .. do..... .... do........... 1889 137,407 8 .................. ............. ... .. do..... .. do.........do............ 1889 115,000 9.... .................................. do..... .. do..... ..... do............ 1.889 115, 000 1 The width of chamber at coping level is 60 feet, but owing to the walls being battered the available width for a 5-foot draft is only 57 feet. The length given is the available length for model-bowed boats. 1202 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The ordinary and extreme fluctuations in the river are about 11 feet and 33 feet, respectively. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871, in accordance with the report of a survey of the river between Chattanooga and the mouth, as far as applicable to the Muscle Shoals section (H. Ex. Doc. 271, 40th Cong., 2d sess.). For description of the various modifications made in the original plan of improvement and references to authorities see Annual Report Chief of Engineers, 1915, page 1904. For map see Annual Report for 1911, page 2056. Florence to Colbert Shoals: The existing project provides for se- curing, by dredging and contraction works, a channel 150 feet wide and 6 feet deep at ordinary low water, or 5 feet deep at extreme low water, through all the shoals in the 21.3 miles of this subdivision. The foot of the project section is 235.1 miles above the mouth of the river. The extreme fluctuation in the stage of the river varies from about 30 feet at the foot of the section to 33.3 feet at Florence. Fluctuations below extreme high water are so variable that it is im- practicable to fix the stage commonly referred to on other streams as ordinary high water. The estimated cost, exclusive of amounts ex- pended under previous projects, is $1,123,000 1 (1920) for new work (first estimated tit $699,068.17'), and $10,000 (1912) annually for maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, in accordance with report printed in .House Document No. 360, Sixty-second Congress, second session, the adopted project being that recommended on the second page thereof. For map see Annual Report for 1913, page 2498. Colbert Shoals to Riverton: The existing project provides for sur- mounting the obstructions known as Colbert and Bee Tree Shoals by the construction of a lateral canal 8.06 miles long (8.7 miles by open river), 112 feet wide at the bottom, and 7 feet deep at extreme low water, with a lift lock at the lower end of the canal. The principal features of the lock are as follows: Name: Riverton. Location: One-half mile above Riverton, Ala., and 226.5 miles above the mouth of the river. Length of lock available for the full width: 287 feet. Width of lock: 80 feet. Depth on miter sills at extreme low water: 6.25 feet on lower, 7.67 on upper. Lift at extreme low water: 26.42 feet. Character of foundation: Rock. Kind of dam: No dam required. Type of construction: Stone masonry. Year completed : 1411. Estimated cost of lock: $399,324 for the masonry only. The extreme fluctuation in the stage of the river varies from about 53.4 feet at the foot of the section to about 30 feet at the head of the section. Fluctuations below extreme high water'are so variable that it is impracticable to fix the stage commonly referred to on other streams as ordinary high water. The first estimated cost for new work, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects, was $2,500,000. The revised estimate increased this to $2,847,009.70 (1909). The estimated annual cost of maintenance is $15,000 (1912). The river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, provided for the 1 The balance on hand at date of adoption of project, $199,068.17, is included in these sums. (See p. 2, H. Doc. No. 360, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) RIVERS AND HARBORS-FLORENCE, ALA., DISTRICT. 1203 improvement of this section, but Congress never fixed the plan of improvement. The project, based on the report of a board of engi- neers dated October 28, 1890 (Annual Report for 1891, p. 2317), was approved by the Secretary of War on November 28, 1890, and modi- fied at different times subsequently. For map see Annual Report for 1911, page 2046. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities for this section con- sist of a number of unimproved public road or privately owned landings, at some of which there are small sheds or warehouses, and municipally owned unimproved landings at Florence and Sheffield. All these landings are open to the public, except an inclined tramway at Riverton, which is open to one boat line only. In general, these facilities are considered sufficient for the existing traffic, except that more suitable provision should be made for the shipments of pig iron from Florence and Sheffield, which are rapidly increasing. Effect of improvement.--The completion of the Muscle ShoalsI Canal made navigation possible, except during about four months: of low water, while the only navigation originally possible was that of downstream traffic at high stages. During the time of the con- struction of Wilson Dam (No. 2) navigation past its site will not be practicable at any stage of the river. From Florence to Riverton depths of 6 feet in the Colbert Shoals Canal and about 4 feet between Florence and the head of Colbert Shoals are now available throughout the year. The principal packet boats and towboats now operate up to Florence, except at extreme low-water stages. Operations and results during fiscal year.--'All work during the fiscal year was carried on by hired labor and Government plant, operations being confined to the section between Florence and the head of Colbert Shoals. At the beginning of the year repair work to the dikes at the head of Seven-mile Island was resumed and completed within a short time. Approximately 2,100 linear feet of the Buck Island Dike was raised to an elevation of 4 feet above low water, in addition to which an extension thereto of about 900 linear feet was constructed. The dredge Kentucky removed 14,000' cubic yards of material from the Spring Branch Shoals, 12,600 cubic yards of material at Kellers Quarry Shoals, and 1,385 cubic yards from the lower end of the Buck Island Channel. The total expenditures during the fiscal year amounted to $54,060.11, of which $51,484.33 was for improvement and $2,575.78 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-There has been no change in, the condition of the project covering that stretch of river between Browns Island and Florence, there being no project for this section, except the operating and care of the Muscle Shoals Canal, and the construction of Dam No. 2, Muscle Shoals, Tennessee River. In the section between Florence and the head of Colbert Shoals the cuts made through the gravel bars on the Spring Creek Shoals and the bar at the lower end of the Buck Island Channel have provided approximately full project depth in this section, except through the long rock cuts at Tuscumbia and Buck Island, where, due to an error in the low-water datum, full project depth has not been se- cured, so that instead of 5 feet at extreme low water there is actually 1204 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. only about 4 feet in places. To secure full project depth for this channel would require a large amount of drilling and blasting ex- tending practically over the entire length and width of these cuts. The total expenditures on the existing project are $1,085,604.09, of which $1,073,104.09 was for new work and $12,500 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-With the funds now unexpended it is pro- posed to complete the sweeping of the channel from Florence to the lower end of Buck Island Chute; and to complete the extension of the dike at Buck Island, repair and raise the dike between the south shore and the head of Buck Island, and dredge as necessary between Florence and Buck Island. It is expected that this work will be prosecuted at the rate of $8,000 per month for about five months, leaving a balance of about $40,000 available at the end of the work- ing season. With the available funds remaining for the fiscal year 1925 it is expected to do additional work of dredging for maintenance and for securing more nearly project depth in the same channel. The work would be done in the low-water season from July to December, and the funds would be practically exhausted by December 1. No addi- tional funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925. Commercial statistics.-With the exception of that shown in the report on " Operating and care of Muscle Shoals and Colbert Shoals Canals," there was no commerce on this waterway withih the limits of the Florence district, the river in the vicinity of the Wilson Dam having been closed to navigation during the period of construction. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all .projects to June 30, 1923, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc, amounting to $57,012.38: New work --------------------------------------- --- $1, 073, 104. 09 Maintenance ----------------------------------- 12, 500. 00 Net total expended 085,604. 09 1----------------------------- 1, Total appropriations to date of this report_________.______ 1, 118, 068. 17 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 3........ $31,644. 57 $18, 922. 18 $10,418. 25 $20, 843.18 $51,484.33 Expended for maintenance .. ... ................... 9,424. 66 5,189. 63 2, 575.78 Totalexpended 3.......... 31,644.57 18,922.18 19,842.91 26,032.81 54,060.11 Appropriated or allotted............. ..... _.........10,000.00 50,000.00 49,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------ ------------------------ $29, 156. 82 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922---------------------------------------------49, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923--_______-___ - -_ 8, 367. 37 86, 524. 19 1 There is no previous project for this particular subdivision of the river. The expendi- tures under previous projects for the entire section between Chattanooga and Riverton, which includes this subdivision, are given in the financial summary for Hales Bar to Browns Island, p. 1187. :-Does not include expenditures for construction of Muscle Shoals Canal, which amounted to $3,191,726.50. Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FLORENCE, ALA., DISTRICT. 1205 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 For new work__ $51, 484. 33 For maintenance ______________________- ___ 2, 575. 78 $54, 060.11 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended__________-- ___-__________ 32, 464. 08 2. DAM NO. 2, MUSCLE SHOALS, TENNESSEE RIVER, ALA. Location and description.-See "1. Tennessee River, Browns Island to Riverton." The section of river covered by this report known as the Muscle Shoals section flows in a westerly direction through the northern part of Alabama from the head of Browns Island (171 miles below Chattanooga, Tenn.) to Florence, Ala. (256.5 miles above the mouth of the river), a distance of 36.6 miles. The drainage area above Florence is 30,514 square miles. The discharge at Florence varies from about 8,000 second-feet at extreme low water to abbut 450,000 second-feet at extreme high water. At places in the Muscle Shoals, which cover the greater part of this section, the current is rapid, exceeding 10 miles per hour, and the slope is as great as 15 feet per mile. The fall in the entire section is 134 feet, and the width be- tween banks varies from 1,000 to 9,600 feet. (See U. S. Geological Survey topographical map of Muscle Shoals and Rogersville, Ala., quadrangles.) Originalcondition.--This consisted of a series of rock shoals, with steep slopes, swift currents, and low-water depths as small as 6 inches, separated by pools of greater depths and slight slopes. The shoals were a complete barrier to upstream navigation at all times and to downstream traffic except at high stages and at great hazard. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the construction of two locks, a dam, and a power house 2.7 miles above the railroad bridge at Florence, Ala., securing a least depth of 9 feet at extreme low water for a distance of 14.7 miles, and for the generation of electrical power for the production of nitrates or other products needed for munitions of war and useful in the manufacture of fertilizers and other useful products. The pool above the dam will submerge Muscle Shoals Canal Locks Nos. 3 to 9, inclusive, constructed under a former project, and leave in operation Locks 1 and 2 of the Big Muscle Shoals section of the old canal and Locks A and B of the Elk River Shoals section, the old works providing a depth of 5 feet in the canals at extreme low water, with an extreme low-water depth of about 1 foot in the uncanalized reaches above and below the pro- posed new dam. The length of the entire section is 36.6 miles, its, lower end being 256.5 miles above the mouth of the river. The esti- mate of cost of new work, revised in 1923, is $45,000,000. Preliminary studies of plans, etc., were begun in the fiscal year 1918. Preliminary work, such as the construction of camp, roads, railroads, and coffer work, together with the purchase of equipment and supplies, was begun in the summer of 1918 and was well under way when work was suspended by order of the War Industries Board on August 21, 1918, and was not resumed until November 9, 1918. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1206 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. It was not until the beginning of the spring of 1919 that a suf- ficient force could be gotten together to resume operations satis- factorily. Construction operations on the lock and dam and power house were continued at full speed until about April 15, 1921, when, due to shortage of funds, work was gradually shut down, and on June 30, 1921, it was practically on a maintenance basis. Construction operations on a small scale were resumed on July 15, 1922, with the balance of the funds allotted from the national defense act of June 3, 1916. Under date of August 26, 1922, an allotment of $600,- 000 was made by the President from the balance of the funds pro- vided by the national defense act, which enabled the work to, be pushed more vigorously, and on October 1, 1922, when the funds ap- propriated by the act of June 30, 1922, became available, work was fully resumed. The following are the preliminary data relative to the proposed new locks and the dam, similar data for the old locks being given on pages 1219, 1221, and 1222 of the Annual Report for 1917: Designation: Wilson Dam (No. 2). Location: 2.7 miles above Florence, Ala., and 259.2 miles above the mouth of the river. Length of locks available for full width: 300 feet. Width: 60 feet. Total lift of locks: 91 feet above proposed lower pool, or about 96 feet above extreme low water in the open river. Least depth on miter sills: 7.5 feet on lower sill below normal pool of pro- posed dam No. 1, or about 2.5 feet below extreme low water, open river. Depth on intermediate sill, 9 feet; depth on upper sill, 21 feet. Character of foundation: Limestone. (Lauderdale chert.) Kind of dam: Fixed, with movable crest gates 18 feet high. Type of construction: Concrete. Percentage of completion: Per tent. Dam -------------------------------------------- 60 Power house------------------------------------------- 40 Locks---------------------------------- 35 The ordinary and extreme fluctations in the river are about 11 feet and about 31 feet, respectively. The existing project for the Wilson Dam (No. 2) and appurte- nances was adopted by letter of the President, dated February 23, 1918, under authority of section 124 of the national defense act of June 3, 1916 (plans of the Wilson Dam (No. 2) and appurtenances in H. Doc. No. 1262, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). For map see House Docu- ment No. 1262, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Reference to published articles not previously reported.-See arti- cle on " The Muscle Shoals Situation " in the September-October, 1922, issue of The Military Engineer. Local cooperation.-None required by the terms of the appropria- tions. The counties of Lauderdale, Colbert, and Lawrence, Ala., have agreed to bear the cost of required changes in roads and bridges. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-Project not completed. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Construction opera- tions on both lock and dam and power house were resumed July 15, 1922. As the work at that time was practically on a maintenance basis, it was necessary to organize new working forces. At the end of the year the forces had been recruited to about 3,300 men. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FLORENCE, ALA., DISTRICT. 1207 All operations have been carried on by day labor, the total ex- penditures for the year being $3,724,821.78, of which $3,641,156.78 was for new work and $83,665 for maintenance due to cessation of work. The following work was accomplished during the year: LOCK AND DAM. Lock.-From the lock site and approaches there were removed ap- proximately 14,812 cubic yards of earth and 36,136 cubic yards of rock. The earth excavation is about 90 per cent and the rock ex- cavation about 39 per cent complete. In the upper lock there have been placed 10,273 cubic yards of concrete. Cofferdam No. 2.-Cofferdam No. 2 and all foundation work therein were completed and the cofferdam removed. Cofferdam No. 5.-Preliminary work for the construction of coffer- dam No. 5 was started in March. A stop-water dam across the south channel to facilitate the placing of the main arms of this cofferdam was practically complete at the end of the year. Construction of dam.-A total of 33,309 cubic yards of rock was removed from cofferdam No. 2. During the year 119,869 cubic yards of concrete were placed in the dam, bringing 2,458 linear feet of the masonry in the spillway section to an elevation 79 feet (spillway crest) above the bed of the river. The spillway section, however, contains 34 openings, the bottoms of which are at an elevation 7 feet above the bed of the river. In the abutment section the concrete was carried to an elevation 116 feet above the bed of the river for a distance of 180 linear feet. The spillway section is about 53 per cent complete. POWER HOUSE. Cofferdam.-Cofferdam No. 6 was unwatered September 13, 1922, and preliminary work started on extension to this coffer (pro- posed cofferdam No. 5). Portions of old cofferdam No. 4, which in- terfered with the construction of cofferdam No. 5, were removed. Rock excavation.-In cofferdam No. 6 approximately 35,135 cubic yards of rock were excavated from the power-house foundation. In abutment 1,009 linear feet of tunnels were driven for test and exploration of the character of the rock. Concrete.-122,609 cubic yards of concrete were placed in the penstock and draft tube sections of 13 main units and 2 auxiliary units. MISCELLANEOUS. Sand and gravel supply.-At the unloading dock at Florence Bridge new sand and gravel bins were erected and placed in service, and a coal bin constructed at the Sheffield landing to facilitate coal- ing the steamers engaged in towing. A total of 130,972 cubic yards of sand and 213,538 cubic yards of gravel were dredged by the Buck Island sand and gravel fleet and delivered by train to the site of the dam. A new hull was constructed for the steamer King. The steam- ers Red Spot and Slack Barrett (name changed to . S. steamer Tuscumbia) were purchased during the year at a cost of $45,000 and $150,000, respectively. 1208 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Flowage rights.-The acquisition of land to be purchased for flow- age rights was continued during the year, and approximately 260 acres were secured during the year. This work is now practically complete. Camp.-No new construction was undertaken in the camp until near the end of the year, when, in order to take care of the rapidly increasing force, some new work, such as additional family quarters and service buildings, was started. Roads were repaired and quar- ters, mess halls, and other service buildings were placed in good con- dition. Necessary motor-vehicle transportation was furnished and the guard and watchman service enlarged in order to take care of in- creased general police work. A nine months' school was maintained during the year. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Practicallyall preparatory work in the nature of camps, roads, railroads, plants, shops, etc., is com- plete. The earth excavation for the lock is 90 per cent complete and rock excavation 39 per cent. About 81 per cent of the excavation and foundations of the dam is complete and about 53 per cent of the concrete placed. About 57 per cent of the rock excavation for the power-house section is complete and approximately 29 per cent of the concrete placed. The work as a whole is about 53 per cent complete. The navigation of the river is completely blocked in its present condition. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is indicated in tabular form below: WILSON DAM. [18-unit installation.] Statement of work. Estimated Quantities Work re-toPer cent quantities. to date. be done. complete. Lock: Cubic yards. Cubic yards. Cubic yards. Earth................................ 344 437 309,249 35,188 90 Rock................ ...................... 194,339 75,664 118,675 39 Concrete......................... 69 780 10,273 59,507 15 Spillway: Earth................. ................... 185,644 185,644............ 100 Rock............ ........................ 145,763 117,764 27,999 81 Concrete.................................... 684,735 359,947 324,788 53 Power house: Earth........ .................................... 44,955 15,710 29,245 35 Rock ..............................................288,252 165,437 122,815 57 Concrete ......................................... 498,300 145,454 352 846 29 Total: Earth.................................. 575,036 510,603 64,433 89 Rock......................................... 628,354 358,865 269,489 57 Concrete................................ 1,252,815 515,674 737,141 41 NOTE.-Above figures for "Earth" and "Rock" refer to excavations, and "Concrete" to quantities poured or to be poured. The total expenditures have been $20,145,715.13, of which $19,786,- 122.61 was for new work and $359,592.52 for maintenance due to cessation of work. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FLORENCE, ALA., DISTRICT. 1209 Proposed operations.-With balance unexpended it is proposed to carry on work as follows: Cofferdam No. 5.-Build cofferdam No. 5 to a height of 36 feet above the river bed. Pump it out and remove cross coffer arm between it and cofferdam No. 6, thus throwing into one cofferdam (5 and 6) all the uncompleted portions of the foundations for the entire Wilson Dam structure. Foundation.-Rush work on the foundations within this cofferdam, with the purpose of bringing, before the extreme high-water season, the permanent structure between Jackson Island and the south bank to such a height above the river bed as will insure a permanent barrier against the river at all stages, eliminating further reliance on a temporary cofferdam on the pool side of Wilson Dam. Complete excavation of rock for power house, except that which lies between the crane rails. Test tunnels.-Remove all unsound rock and all clay pockets between upper and lower tunnels for a distance of 1,600 feet into south bank, and fill such excavation and the tunnels with concrete, thus forming an impervious cut-off wall between upper and lower pool. Plant.-Remove all plant on both sides of river, subject to submersion by the pool, from the upstream side of Wilson Dam, and install it and certain new plant below or upon the structure in order to insure continuance of work to completion without further river risks. Power-house structure.-Continueplacing of power-house concrete at present rate until installation of new plant, which is now in progress, is complete, when the rate of placing will be considerably increased. Complete draft-tube concrete for at least' four units and begin installation of the hydraulic and electrical machinery of these units. Commence placing concrete for super- structure and for bridge and parapets. Dam structure.-Push work of raising the piers of spillway to final eleva- tion, and complete arch bridge between Jackson Island and north abutment, with a view to utilizing this structure in the work of raising the pool. Com- mence raising the pool by filling in open blocks. Clearing basin.-Begin clearing the basin above the damrn and carry it on at a rate which will insure the completion of this work by the time the pool is formed. Lock.-Continue work on the lock and complete it, except for guide walls, approaches, and installation of gates and bascule bridge. Contracts.-Under the contract-authorization clause provided by the War Department appropriation act of March 2, 1923, it is proposed to enter into contract for all gates, machinery, and material necessary to insure delivery in ample time to enable the work to proceed without interruption. Expenditures.-Expenditures will be at the rate of $800,000 per month, and it is expected that funds now available will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. Expenditures fiscal year 1925.-The additional sum of $7,000,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925 in the ener- getic prosecution of the work. Including payments for hydraulic and electrical machinery, lock and flood gates, and other accessory machinery expenditures during the fiscal year 1925 will average $800,000 per month, and the funds will be exhausted June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-Due to construction operations at Wilson Dam (No. 2) the river was closed to navigation during the year. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $485,712.26: New work___--------------------------------------- $19, 786, 122.61 Maintenance (due to cessation of work) 359, 592. 52 Net total expended_ - - - -------- 20, 145, 715. 13 Total appropriations to date of this report 132, 258, 410. 42 1 Of this amount $17,759,610.42 was allotted from the National Defense Act approved June 3, 1916. 1210 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ $1, 208, 482.38 $6,404,527.41 $7,789, 027.16 $1,175,868.77 $3, 641, 156.78 Expended for maintenance ..... 29, 941.27 .... 51, 649. 68 195, 986. 00 83, 665. 00 Total expended 1.......... 1,238, 423.65 6, 404, 527.41 7, 840,676.84 1,371,854.77 3,724,821.78 Appropriated or allotted....... 7, 433.13 4,000,000.00 .............. 7, 500,000.00 7,598.800.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ------ -------------- $8, 101, 923. 25 Amount appropriated by War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923---------------------------------- 6, 998, 800. 00 Amount transferred from funds allotted by the President July 30, 1917, under section 124, national defense act of June 3, 1916 ------------- ---------------------------------- 600, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 --------------- 136, 793. 82 15, 837, 517. 07 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year:' For new work----------------------- $3, 641, 156. 78 For maintenance------------------------ 83, 665. 00 3, 724, 821. 78 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------- 12, 112, 695.29 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ------------- 817, 380. 80 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts----------------------------- , 006, 030. 49 1, 823, 411. 29 July 1, 1923, balance available --------------------------- 10, 289, 284. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for comple- tion of existing project ----------------------------- 13, 000, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work-------------------------- 2 7, 000, 000. 00 8. OPERATING AND CARE OF MUSCLE SHOALS CANAL, TENNESSEE RIVER. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for improvement of the Tennessee River, Browns Island to Riverton. See page 1200 of this report, where general information regarding the improvement can be found. The completed locks and dams have been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since 1890. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The canal was operated and the necessary repair and maintenance work done by Government plant and hired labor. About 3,700 new ties were added to the road- bed of the canal railroad, repairs made to rolling stock, locomotive overhauled, and eight defective rails replaced.. The train was op- erated about 13,400 miles during the year. The dredge Alabama was engaged in dredging operations between Locks 1 and 6 until November 21, when it became necessary to dock her at Lock 6 for repairs to hull and machinery. After completion of repairs dredge was towed to the upper section, or Elk River Canal, and dredging operations begun on February 20 in pool above Lock A. With the removal of 83,506 cubic yards of silt and gravel, the canal was re- 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. E~xclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FLORENCE, ALA., DISTRICT. 1211 stored to good navigable condition, whereupon the dredge was dropped down to pool above Lock 1 on May 31, where operations were continued through the fiscal year. With the exception of inter- mittent work during the first three months of the fiscal year, the foundry was in continuous operation, engaged in making brass and iron castings for use at Dam No. 2. In addition to the dredge Alabama, belonging to this work, barge No. 34, dump scow No. 13, derrick boat No. 4, and other miscellaneous small plant used at Dam No. 2 were docked and repaired. Lock tender's house at Lock A was built, replacing dwelling destroyed by fire during November; dwellings, service buildings, fences, and telephone lines were main- tained and repaired; canal embankment was repaired and maintained and drift removed from the canal. The total amount expended dur- ing the fiscal year for operating and care was $38,224.42. Conidition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1890; 11 locks were built, data for which are given in the table under Existing project. With the exception of the canal railroad, which will require replacement of about 3,500 ties, the canal, locks, and all appurtenances were in fair usuable condi- tion at the close of the fiscal year. Maintenance dredging will, how- ever, be required to keep the canal trunk open for navigation. The controlling depth in the two divisions of the canal (Elk River and Muscle Shoals) at the close of the fiscal year was 3- feet, but this depth was not available in the open river between the two divisions nor in the river above and below the divisions where only 24 inches was available with the Lock 9 gauge reading 1 foot. The minimum available depth in the section between Florence and Decatur at extreme low water is about 1 foot, but the river is usually navigable for a 15-inch draft through the year; for a 2-foot draft from Decem- ber 15 to September 1; for a 3-foot draft from January 1 to July 1; and for a 4-foot draft from January 1 to May 15. A draft of 5 feet is occasionally practicable for disconnected periods of varying lengths during the high-water months of January to April, in- clusive. The total amount expended on the existing project was $3,191,- 726.50 for all new work, and under the permanent indefinite appro- priation for operating and care $1,730,716.22. Proposed operations.-The locks and canal will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-The usual drafts of loaded boats using the canal and the section of the river above and below the canal vary from 2 to 4 feet. The tonnage for the calendar year 1922, amounting to 3,446 short tons, valued at $802,290, consisted of cotton and cottonseed, farm and timber products, fertilizer, general mer- chandise, and miscellaneous. Comparative statement. 1212 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 4. OPERATING AND CARE OF COLBERT SHOALS CANAL (HEAD OF COLBERT SHOALS TO RIVERTPON). The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for the improvement of the Tennessee River, Browns Island to Riverton. See page 1200, where general information regarding the improvement can be found. The completed canal and lock have been operated and maintained under the perma- nent indefinite appropriation since November, 1911. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The lock and canal were operated, cared for, and maintained, all work being done by hired labor. On April 2 the lock was unwatered and one leaf of lower gate provided with new pintle and shoe. New lower roller- track castings were installed for both lower valves of lock, and other minor renewals and repairs made, work being completed on May 15, 1923; grounds were cared for and dwellings kept in repair. The amount spent for operating and care was $23,644.52. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The lock and canal were com- pleted and placed in operation in November, 1911, there having been expended $2,313,000 for new work and nothing for maintenance. At the end of the fiscal year these improvements were in fair condition. The depth at extreme low water is 7 feet in the canal and 6 feet 3 inches on the miter sills of the lock. The total amount expended from the permanent indefinite appropriations for operating and care was $212,883.02. Proposed operations.-The lock and canal will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-The usual drafts of loaded towboats and packet boats handling all classes of traffic in this section of the river vary from 2 to 5 feet. The tonnage for the calendar year 1922 amounting to 44,230 short tons,. valued at $1,159,016.40, consisted of lumber, railroad ties, farm products, fertilizer, mussel shells, general merchandise, and miscellaneous. Ordinarily all traffic between Shef- field and Riverton passes through the canal, but during high-river stages boats pass over the open river, statistics covering which it has been impracticable to obtain. Comparative statement. Year. Tons. Value. Passengers. Year. Tons. Value. Passengers. 1918. ....... 19, 980 $336,900 1,239 1921.......... 13,412 8344,595 865 1919.......... 26,412 1,233,947 1,016 1922.......... 44,230 1,159,016 1,174 1920.......... 25,107 238, 607 995 LOCKS AND DAMS ON THE OHIO RIVER. For the actual construction of the new locks and dams and the operation and care of the completed structures the river is divided into four sections under the immediate supervision and direction of district engineers at Pittsburgh, Huntington, Cincinnati, and Louis- ville. RIVERS AND HARBORS-OHIO RIVER LOCKS AND DAMS. 1213 The Pittsburgh section extends from the head of the river at Pitts- burgh, Pa., to Beech Bottom Run, 3.5 miles below Wellsburg, W. Va., a distance of 77.5 miles, and includes Dams Nos. 1 to 11; the Hunt- ington section extends from Beech Bottom Run to Stouts Run, near Vanceburg, Ky., a distance of 306.2 miles, and includes Dams 12 to 32; the Cincinnati section extends from Stouts Run, near Vanceburg, Ky., to 1.5 miles above Madison, Ind., a distance of 170 miles, and includes Dams Nos. 33 to 40; the Louisville section extends from a point 50 miles above Louisville and 1.5 miles above Madison, Ind., to Mound City, Ill., a distance of 408.5 miles, and includes Dams Nos. 41 (with the Louisville & Portland Canal) to 54. District engineers: At Pittsburgh, Pa., Maj. J. F. Bell, Corps of Engineers, to June 22, 1923, and Col. C. W. Kutz, Corps of Engi- neers, since that date; Huntington, W. Va., Maj. Malcolm Elliott, Corps 'of Engineers, to August 14, 1922; Maj. Milo P. Fox, Corps of Engineers, to April 19, 1923, and Lieut. Col. W. P. Stokey, Corps of Engineers, since that date; Cincinnati, Ohio, Lieut. Col. E. N. Johnston, Corps of Engineers, to June 29, 1923, and Maj. A. K. B. Lyman, Corps of Engineers, since that date; Louisville, Ky., Lieut. Col. G. R. Lukesh, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. C. W. Kutz, Corps of Engineers. 1. CONSTRUCTION OF LOCKS AND DAMS ON THE OHIO RIVER. Location and description.-The Ohio River is formed by the junc- tion of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers at Pittsburgh, Pa. It flows in a general southwesterly direction and empties into the Mississippi River at Cairo, Ill. The total .length of the river is 968.5 miles. (See map as published by the United States Engineer Department from the United States engineer office, Louisville, Ky., based on survey of 1911-1914; scale 1:7,200.) The drainage area of the Ohio River is 203,900 square miles. At the head of the river the extimated low-water discharge is 1,600 cubic feet per second, and the highest measured flood discharge is 440,000 cubic feet per second. At the mouth of the river the estimated low-water discharge is 27,500 cubic feet per second and the estimated maximum discharge 1,500,000 cubic feet per second. Low-water stage prevails generally for a period of about five months each year between the months of July and November, inclusive. High-water stage occurs usually during spring floods, but moderate freshets may occur at any season of the year, being of infrequent occurrence, however, during summer and fall months. The river is nontidal; the flow is quite rapid on the upper reaches and perceptibly less rapid as it approaches the mouth. The average fall per mile at low-water stage between Pitts- burgh and Wheeling, 90 miles, is 11 inches; between Wheeling and Cincinnati, 378 miles, 51 inches; and between Cincinnati and the mouth of the river, 500 miles, 4 inches. At low water the drop at the Falls of the Ohio, Louisville, Ky., is 26 feet in a distance of 2 miles. The width between banks varies from about 890 feet at a point 105 miles below Pittsburgh to about 5,910 feet at a point 946 miles below Pittsburgh, or 22.5 miles above the mouth of the river. 1214 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The extreme fluctuations of stage at different points along the river due to floods, and the year in which they occurred, are indicated in the following table: Highest Highest recorded recorded Place. stage Year. Place. stage Year. above above low low water. water. Feet. Feet. Pittsburgh, Pa............... 35.5 1907 Portsmouth, Ohio............ 67.9 1913 Beaver, Pa................... 47.1 1907 Cincinnati, Ohio.............. 71.1 1884 Steubenville Ohio........... 48.6 1884 Louisville, Ky. (below Falls).. 70.0 1884 Wheeling, W. Va... .. 52.1 1884 Paducah, Ky................ 54.3 1884 Parkersburg, W. Va:......... 58.9 1913 Cairo, Ill..................... 54.8 1913 Point Pleasant, W. Va....... 68. 8 1913 Original condition.-In its original condition the Ohio River was much obstructed throughout its entire length by snags, rocks, and gravel and sand bars, rendering navigation difficult and hazardous. The width of channel was exceedingly variable. The depth avail- able for navigation over the worst shoals at extreme low water varied from a minimum of 1 foot between Pittsburgh, Pa., and Cincinnati, Ohio (468.5 miles), to 2 feet between Cincinnati and the mouth of the river (500 miles). Between shoals are pools, some of which pos- sess depths of 30 feet even at extreme low water. When the depth on the worst shoals was 3 feet or more the river was navigable throughout its entire length for steamboats and other craft, except when floods or ice occurred. Previous projects.-The first lock and dam on the Ohio River was provided by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879, which made appropriation for a lock and movable dam at Davis Island, 4.7 miles below the head of the river. The construction of additional dams was provided for by the river and harbor acts, as follows: Danm No. 6, September 19, 1890; Dams Nos. 2, 3, 4, and 5, June 3, 1896; Nos. 13 and 18, March 3, 1899; Nos. 8, 11, 19, and 37, June 13, 1902; No. 26, March 2, 1907. The amount expended on original and subsequent projects prior to commencement of operations under the existing projects, adopted in 1910, including amount expended for purchase, etc., of Louisville & Portland Canal, was $17,657,273.78.1 For fur- ther details of previous projects see page 1907 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This contemplates the improvement of the en- tire Ohio River by the construction of locks and dams so as to provide a minimum channel depth of 9 feet in the pools formed thereby and the widening of the Louisville & Portland Canal at Louisville, Ky. The total number of dams now included in the project, exclusive of Dams 1 and 2, which will be abandoned upon completion of the Emsworth Dam, is 52 or less. The project provides for one lock with usable dimensions of 110 by 600 feet at each dam, and in addition thereto a second lock at the Emsworth Dam with usable dimensions of 56 by 360 feet and a flight of two locks at No. 1 In these figures no credit is allowed for the item of $257,778 received as dividends on stock of the Louisville & Portland Canal Co., held by the General Government, this money not being disbursable by the Engineer Department. RIVERS AND HARBORS-OHIO RIVER LOCKS AND DAMS. 1215 41 with usable dimensions of 80 by 310 feet. Except at Emsworth, Pa., all of the dams are of the movable type with navigable passes varying in length from 600 to 900 feet, closed by wickets of the Chanoine type. In addition to the navigable pass each dam (except at Emsworth) is provided with one or more regulating weirs. In connection with Dam No. 41 there is a canal (Louisville & Port- land) 2 miles long and 200 feet wide at the narrowest section, the dam being at the upper end and the locks at the lower end of the canal. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 492 60th Cong., 1st sess.). This pro- vided for 54 locks and movable dams; for a minimum width of the Louisville and Portland Canal of 170 feet, and for a new lock at the lower end of this canal with a width of 85 feet. Under the discre- tionary authority given to the Secretary of War, the following modi- fications have since been made: On March 24, 1911, the width of the Louisville and Portland Canal was increased from 170 to 200 feet and the width of the proposed new lock at that point from 85 to 110 feet. On September 12, 1913, a further modification was made by omit- ting Lock and Dam No. 42. This was accomplished by adjusting the lifts of Dams Nos. 43, 44, 45, and 46. On September 4, 1917, under authority granted by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, the project was still further modified by the substitution of a fixed dam at Emsworth for movable Dams Nos. 1 and 2. * The report upon which the existing project is based, made in 1906, gives the original estimated cost for new work as $63,731,488, in addi- tion to appropriations previously made. A revised estimate for Dams Nos. 9 to 29, inclusive, made in 1912, increased the estimate for those dams $631,169. The modifications of the project referred to above also increased the estimated cost. The estimated cost of annual maintenance is given in the report of 1906 as $810,000, this amount covering only the salaries of lock forces and the cost of repairs and renewals. Additional information concerning the project, including a dis- cussion of the details of construction, is published in House Docu- ment No. 1159, Sixty-second Congress, third session. This document contains a map of the river and its principal tributaries on which is indicated the locations then proposed for the various dams. A map of the river on a scale of 1 inch equals 600 feet, in 280 sheets, with an index map based upon the survey made in 1911-1914 by the United States Engineer Department, has been issued from the United States Engineer Office, Louisville, Ky. A further report in review of the project, made in compliance with the provisions of section 14 of the river and harbor act approved March 4, 1915, is published in House Document No. 1695, Sixty- fourth Congress, second session. This report recommends a substi- tution of fixed for movable dams on the upper river and discusses the possibility of maintaining the project depth below Dam No. 48 by means of dredging. In the river and harbor act of July 18, 1918, the Secretary of War was authorized to modify the project in accord- 6163T--ENG 1923---77 1216 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. ance with the report submitted in House Document No. 1695, Sixty- fourth Congress, second session, provided that the authorized omis- sion of locks and dams below Dam No. 48 shall not become effective until it shall be satisfactorily demonstrated that the project depth of 9 feet on that section of the river can be maintained by open channel work. Consideration of this change is still pending. The following table contains information concerning various fea- tures of the locks and dams included in the existing project: I I Lock. I I Location. ------ Dimensions. Depth on Year miter sills. Per- Estimated -o.1 I Character of dam centage opened to cost of each foundation. foundation. com- lock and Character of pleted. navig- dam.' Miles Width Greatest length foundation. tion. below Distance from nearest town or mouth of of Pitts- navigable tiibutary. cham- available Lift. Upper. Lower. burgh. ber. for full width. - i - I i SI I - -I 1. 0 Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. 1 4.7 West Bellevue, Pa. (abandoned)............ 110 600 3. 1 Land wall rock; Gravel............ 11.4 9.5 100 1885 2 $970,034.01 river wall gravel. 110 600 Rock (114 feet); 6.1 Emsworth, Pa................ ......... 56 360 10.9 13.0 13.0 Rock... ....... gravel (1,613 feet). 100 1921 3 3, 258, 300.00 2 9.0 Coraopolis, Pa. (abandoned)................... 110 600 7.8 16.8 9.5 ..... do .............. Rock and crib on 100 1906 2 976, 766.77 rock. 3 10.9 Glenosborne, Pa........................... 110 600 7.7 16.7 9.5 Gravel ............. Crib on gravel; 100 1908 2 1,163, 588.18 piles on gravel. 4 18.6 Legionville, Pa........ .................... 110 600 7.6 16. 6 9.5 ....do............. Gravel; piles in 100 1908 2 1, 071, 472. 21 5 23.9 Freedom, Pa............... ................... 110 600 8.5 14.5- 9.0 ..... do.............. gravel. .... do........... 100 1907 2 1, 086,107.04 t 6 28.8 Beaver, Pa................................... 13.2 0 110 600 5.7 11.0 Rock-gravel....... Piles in gravel..... 100 1904 21,123, 441. 80 7 36.9 Midland Pa.................................. 110 600 6.9 15.4 11.0 Rock.... ...... .... do.... ... 100 1914 21, 075,000.00 8 46.1 Newell, W. Va............................... 110 600 6.4 15.4 12.0 Piles in gravel..... Rock; pilesin gravel 100 1911 21,167, 456.24 9. 55.6 New Cumberland, W. Va..................... 110 600 7.4 15. 4 11.0 ..... do............. Piles in gravel...... 100 1914 21,177,100.00 10 65.7 Steubenville, Ohio .............................. 110 600 16.4 84 11.0 Rock and piles in ..... do.............100 1915 2 1,140, 000.00 gravel. 11 76. 3 2.3 miles below Wellsburg, W. Va............. 110 600 7. 3 15.4 11.1 Piles in sand and Piles in sand and 100 1911 2 1,162,164. 70 gravel. gravel. 0 12 87.0 2 miles above Wheeling, W. Va............ 110 600 8.4 15.4 11.0 ..... do........... ... do............ 100 1917 21,166,103.55 13 95.8 McMechen, W. Va. ........................ 110 600 7.3 13.8 9.5 ..do........... ..... do......... 100 1911 21,222,389.11 14 113. 8 Woodland, W. Va............................ 110 600 8.3 16. 4 11.0 Rock .............. Rock............ 100 1917 1,132, 409. 65 15 128. 9 New Martinsville, W. Va................. 110 600 7.8 15. 4 11.0 ..... do............ ..... do.......... 100 1916 21,159, 951.82 16 146. 4 Bens Run, W. Va............ .... .... 600 7. 8 15.4 11.2 ........do....... ..... do.............100 1917 2 258, 921.85 17 167. 4 4 miles above Marietta, Ohio-................... 110 110 600 8.2 15. 4 11.0 ..... do............ ..... do......... 100 1918 21, 344, 915. 37 z 18 179.3 4 miles above Parkersburg, W. Va......... 110 600 6.2 14. 2 11.0 ..... do......... ....do...do ........ 100 1910 2 910,961.76 19 191. 4 Little Hocking, Ohio..... .................... 110 600 7.7 16.9 11.0 Piles in sand, .....do............. 100 1916 2 1,153, 457.89 gravel, and rock. 1/ 1For completed dams, actual expenditures, exclusive of receipts from sales, are shown; for dams in operation and practically completed, estimate is based upon cost to date and present prices; for dams under construction the estimated cost is based apon present prices; and for dams upon which construction has not yet been commenced the estimated costs are those given in House Document No. 492, Sixtieth Congress, first session, 2 Completed dams. 3 Dams in operation and practically completed. Lock. i ---------- Location. Dimensions. Depth on Year miter sills. Per- Estimated Character of dam centage opened cost of each L V. I ! foundation, corn- lock and Greatest i Character of navi- pleted. gation. dam. Miles Width foundation. C below Distance from nearest town or mouth of of length i Pitts- navigable tributary. cham- available Lift. Upper. Lower. burgh. for full ber. width. C I I I I ! - 0 Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. 20 201.7 Belleville, W. Va .............................. 110 600 7.5 15.4 11.0 Rock.......... 100 1917 2 $935,926.81 21 213.8 Portland, Ohio................................. 110 600 5.6 15.4 11.0 ..... do............. ..... do............. 100 1919 1,473, 513.00 22 220.1 Ravenswood, W. Va...................... 110 600 7.8 15. 4 11.2 ..-.. do............ ..... do............. 100 1919 2 1, 222, 337.00 23 230.6 Milwood, W. Va ... ....... ........... 110 600 8.1 15. 4 11.0 ...do............ ..... do............. 100 1921 1,634,000.00 24 242.0 Graham, W. Va.... .................. 110 600 7.0 15. 4 11. 0 do............. ..... do............. 100 1919 21,129, ..... 229.00 C 25 260.0 5 miles above mouth of Kanawha River....... 110 600 9.0 15. 4 11. 0 ..... do............. ..... do............. 100 1922 1,705, 511.54 26 278.0 Hogsett, W. Va....... ................. 110 600 7.5 16.9 811.0 ... do............. ..... do............. 100 1912 S1, 227, 051.23 27 28 300. 3 310.9 4 miles above Guyandotte, W. Va.......... Huntington, W. Va ....... 110 600 6.4 915.4 911.1 .... do............. ..... do.............. 99 41, 960, 000. 00 29 319.4 ............. 3 miles below mouth of Big Sandy River....... 110 600 7.1 15.4 15.4 11.0 .....do............ .....do.... - 100 1915 21,016,667.19 w 30 338.9 3 miles below Greenup, Ky................. 110 600 8.0 811.0 .... do.......... ... do.......... 100 1916 21, 016, 928.45 110 600 7.5 915. 4 911. 0 .....do........... 88 1, 593, 000. 00 31 358.4 3 miles below Portsmouth, Ohio........... 110 600 7.5 15.4 ..... 811.0 ..... do............. do............. 100 1920 31, 212, 440.77 32 381. 7 1 mile above Rome, Adams County, Ohio..... 110 600 7.5 915.4 911. 0 Piles in sand andCaissons on gravel 50 42, 653, 000. 00 gravel. and clay. 33 404.0 3 miles above Maysvllle, Ky...................... 110 600 7.0 15. 4 811.0 ..... Piles in sand and do............. 100 1921 8 1, 544, 713.00 F- I gravel,. 34 432.8 Chilo, Ohio.............. .......... 110 600 5.6 915.4 811.0 ..... do............. do ........... 50 4 3,113, 000.00 35 36 449. 7 459.2 1 mile below New Richmond, Ohio.......... 10 miles above Cincinnati, Ohio................ 110 600 6.4 15.4 11.0 ..... do............ ..... do............. 100 1919 a1, 753, 600.00 600 915. 4 11.1 37 38 481.3 501.3 Fernbank, Ohio............................. McVille, Ky ............................. 110 110 60 600 7.9 7.8 12.3 (8) do............ ..... do........ ... Rock............. Rock............. 57 100 4 2, 532, 095.00 1911 21,298,473.60 110 600 7.3 915.4 11.0 Piles in sand and Piles in sand and 63 42,241, 309.00 gravel. gravel. 39 529.6 1 mile above Markland, Ind ................... 110 600 8.0 815.4 S11.0 ...... do............. Rock and piles in 100 1922 82,217,743. 37 sand and gravel. 40 553.6 2 miles above Madison, Ind ................. 110 600 6.0 (7) (7) ..... do............ Piles in sand and 0 S1, 620, 000.00 gravel. 41 604 0 Louisville, Ky.... .......... ....... ol 600 29.0 11.5 312 11.0 Rock............. Rock............. 100 1921 22, 886, 000.00 42 ........ Eliminated ......... ................. 0 43 630.2 3 miles below West Point, Ky............. 110 9.0 15.4 Piles in sand and Piles in sand and 100 1921 32,521,818.33 gravel. gravel. 44 660.3 Leavenworth, Ind............................ 110 600 9.0 015. 4 811.0 ....do .......... .. do........... 60 ........ 2,746000.00 45 699.7 Addison, Ky .................................. 110 600 9.0 915.4 811.0 Rock and piles in ..... do............. 24 ........ 2,820,506.00 sand and gravel. 4 46 748. 5 Between Rockport, Ind., and Owensboro, Ky.. 110 600 9.0 91.5.4 s11.0 Piles in sand and do.....do.... ...... 0 ........ 3,38p,000.00 gravel. 47 772. 5 Newburg, Ind ................ .............. 110 600 9.0 915.4 11.0 Rock and piles in ..... do............. 0 ........ 3, 275,000.00 sand and gravel. lOO 48 49 804.1 6 miles below Henderson, Ky ................. 830. 5 7j miles below Mount Vernon, Ind............ 11.0 600 9.0 15.4 (6) Piles in sand...... Piles in sand...... 100 1921 82,565,000.00 11) 600 9.0 (7) (7) Piles in sand and Piles in sand and 0 5 1,640, 000.00 gravel. gravel. 50 51 859.6 Caseyville,Ind......................... 878.0 1j miles above Elizabethtown, Ill.......... 110 600 8.0 (7) (7) ..... do.............. do......... O ........ 51,480,000.00 110 600 9.0 (7) (7) ...do............... ..do............. ........ 1, 584, 000.00 52 913. 2 1 miles below mouth of Cumberland. ...... 110 600 9.0 (7) (7) ..... do...................do............. 0 ........ 2,248, 000.00 53 946. 0 25 miles below mouth of Tennessee River...... 110 600 Gravel............. Gravel-piles ....... 0 2,800.000.00 7.0 (7) (7) 0 ........ 54 962. 4 Mound City, Tll ................................ 110 600 15.0 (7) (7) ..... do ............ Gravel............ ........ i 2,260, 000.00 455.24 92,027., 1For completed dams, actual expenditures, exclusive of receipts from sales, are shown: for dams in operation and practically completed, estimate is based upon cost to date 0 and present prices; for dams under construction the estimated cost is based upon present prices; and for dams upon which construction has not yet been commenced the estimated costs2are those given in House Document No. 492, Sixtieth Congress, first session. Completed dams. 3 Dams in operation and practically completed. * Dams under construction. Dams upon which construction has not yet been commenced. 6 Dam below not commenced. 7 Not commenced. 0 s Dam below not completed. * Not completed. 0oClear width of old lock. 0 £1 n1 1220 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are approximately 280 terminals throughout the length of the Ohio River, 120 being open to the public and the balance, 160, being private or not open to the public. The terminals which are open to the public in general are not :regarded as adequate for the proper and economical handling of existing commerce. About 35 of these terminals are equipped with a derrick, hoist, or some other facility or mechanical device for han- dling freight, but the others are mainly the floating wharf boats owned by individuals or firms or by the steamboat lines. Some of these are floating sheds, designed to protect freight during loading and unloading, while others have been so constructed that they form fair warehouses for the receipt, storage, and shipping of goods. These wharf boats generally lack mechanical devices and ordinarily handle package freight, livestock, etc., which can be carried or run over the landing plank by labor. Most of the larger cities along the river have the establishment of larger and more elaborate terminals under consideration and contract will probably be let for the completion of the work by the time or before the Ohio River improvement is advanced to such point as to render them an efficient service during what has been the low-water period. This is also true of many of the smaller localities along the river. The private terminals, or those not open to the public, are generally of special character, suited to a particular business and are well adapted to the requirements of their owners. A full and complete report of terminals along the Ohio River is contained in House Document No. 652, Sixty-sixth Congress, second session. Effect of improvement.-The great benefit claimed for the im- provement will be felt only when the slack-water system has been extended far enough downstream to permit of continuous naviga- tion at all times (except when interrupted by floods or ice) over a longer section of the river, connecting the large cities on the upper section with those on the middle and lower sections. The commercial effect of the series of completed dams on the upper river is reflected in the marked increase in general traffic and in the amount of coal shipped from the mines along the Monongahela River to industrial plants on the Ohio River at Aliquippa and Midland, Pa., and Steu- benville, Ohio. Coke in considerable quantities is also being shipped from the Monongahela River to steel plants at New Cumberland, W. Va. Coal is also being shipped upriver from pool 11 to industrial plants above. During the low-water seasons of the past six years coal to the amount of approximately 1,365,000 tons was shipped from the Kanawha River fields to Cincinnati and other points along the Ohio River by releasing water impounded in the pools formed by the dams on the upper Ohio and its tributaries, creating artificial rises and assisting coal fleets with partially loaded barges over the shoals in the unimproved section of the river. This coal was urgently needed and much suffering and great economic loss were prevented as a result of receipt of the coal thus shipped, especially during 1917, 1918, and 1919, as none of it could have been transported by rail RIVERS AND HARBORS--OHIO RIVER LOCKS AND DAMS. 1221 owing to the serious congestion existing on the railroads at that time. Oil and gasoline have also been shipped in considerable quantities upriver to Pittsburgh from points in West Virginia and Kentucky by means of tank barges. Within the past year several large steel companies have com- menced the shipment of steel in large tows from Pittsburgh and vi- cinity to points along the lower Ohio and Mississippi Rivers which promises to develop into a large traffic with improvement of the lower Ohio and with the construction of increased terminal facilities at various points to permit transfer of the steel products from river to rail shipment. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work accomplished during the year and classed as new work was as follows: Fixed dam at Emsworth, Pa., to replace old dams Nos. 1 and 2: The contract for section A (locks, guide and guard walls) was com- pleted. Under the contract for section B (dams and abutments) 374 linear feet of concrete superstructure, 10 feet in height in the main channel dam, were constructed and the cofferdams removed, also completing that contract. Under hired-labor operations the reenforced concrete power house and installation of permanent power-operating machinery were com- pleted and the lock-wall cover plates and lock-lighting system in- stalled. The temporary power house and machinery used during construction were removed and the concrete foundation for a stor- age house constructed. U. S. dredge No. 1 continued excavating the lower lock approach to the level of the lower lock sill during the winter and spring of 1923, practically completing the work, includ- ing the blasting and removal of a large percentage of rock. A good channel from 200 to 300 feet wide and practically 13 feet deep in pool No. 3 was provided. Approximately 75,200 cubic yards of gravel and rock were removed. The amount expended was $202,404.58, all of which was for new work. By an exchange of properties with the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. at Emsworth Lock and Dam the United States secured 2 acres of high land landward of the railroad, including a large, comparatively old but serviceable brick house. For this the railroad company derives the use of the partially filled esplanade tract landward of the lock. Lock and Dam No. 25: The only work done during the year con- sisted of grading and planting, which were completed. The amount expended was $4,847.32. Lock and Dam No. 27: The construction of this lock and dam was continued by hired labor. The installation of the bear-trap leaves was commenced. Installation of lock-operating machinery was completed, lock approaches were dredged and removal of the temporary buildings and construction plant was commenced. The concrete masonry of the lower guide wall, esplanade, abutment, navi- gable pass, weir, bear trap, and fixed weir were completed. Lock and Dam No. 28: The remodeling of an old dwelling house for use as a lock house was completed. The amount expended was $334.25. Lock and Dam No. 29: The construction of five dwellings for lock house was completed and grounds were graded. The amount ex- pended was $5,426.58. 1222 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Lock and 'Dam No. 30: The contracts for pass, weir, and bear trap and for the erection of the lock gates were completed. Con- tracts were let and work commenced on erection of five lock-keepers' dwellings, a land power house, maneuver boat, and lock machinery. Operating machinery was about 65 per cent completed at the end of the year; power house and plant were 21 per cent completed; the lock houses were 95 per cent completed; the maneuver boat was 30 per cent completed. The amount expended was $490,250.38. Lock and Dam No. 31: Construction of cover plates for gate recesses was completed by hired labor. The amount expended was $234.56. Lock and Dam No. 32: The masonry for lock and abutment, and erection of the lock gates, under contract, were completed. A con- tract was entered into for the construction of pass, weir, and bear trap and about 12.4 per cent of the work completed. A contract was entered into for furnishing horses and props and about 70 per cent of the work completed thereunder. The amount expended was $300,517.15. Marietta repair station: Construction of a forge shop by hired labor was commenced, about 40 per cent, including the foundation and purchase of materials, of the work being completed. Lock and Dam No. 33: Work on land power house was practically completed; a sewer system for the lock grounds and a reservoir for water supply were completed; the greater part of the grading of grounds and esplanade slope was done, and the laying of walks and roadway is under way. The lockmen, when not engaged in operation and care, assisted the hired-labor force with this work. The amount expended was $23,884.54. Lock and Dam No. 34: All work in the lock was completed, except some cribbing and riprap, the lower guide wall was completed, and some fill was placed in the esplanade. Ninety-four wickets for the navigable pass and 17 for the Chanoine Weir were built during the winter months by the Government force. Contractors for the dam have completed and unwatered the first section of navigable pass cofferdam, have excavated to grade, and have placed the greater part of the cribs and riprap. The amount expended was $495,899.04. Lock and Dam No. 35: A hired-labor force, assisted by the lock- men, completed a sewer system from the top of the bank to the river and a roadway from the esplanade to the county road. Some grad- ing was done on the esplanade slope and riprap was placed for the protection of the roadway. The amount expended was $17,698.61. Lock and Dam No. 36: The hired-labor force at this dam proceeded with the work continuously by three 8-hour shifts per day. The lock, upper guide wall, and bear traps were practically completed; a small amount of work was done in the fixed weir and Chanoine. During the winter and spring months, when the water was too high to permit operations in the river, a force was employed on repair of plant and machinery. The amount expended was $1,126,671.93. Lock and Dam No. 37: A hired-labor force completed the marine ways, ice piers, and warehouse at this location. The marine ways have been in operation throughout the fiscal year, a great deal of repair work being done to the floating plant of the district; the new warehouse is being operated as a general supply depot. The amount expended was $437.06. RIVERS AND HARBORS-OHIO RIVER LOCKS AND DAMS. 1223 Lock and Dam No. 38: The lock cofferdam having been completed the previous year, operations were started by hired-labor force in that part of the work and completed during the working season. The upper guide wall was completed and about three-fourths of the concrete placed in the lower guide wall. A 50-foot section of navi- gable pass lying within the lock cofferdam was completed. The bear traps were completed and some excavation, piling, and crib work was done in the fixed weir. The incline at Aurora, Ind., required for the transfer of materials shipped by rail to the site of Dam No. 38, was in operation during the year. The amount expended was $1,044,493.64. Lock and Dam No. 39: The lock force cleaned the grounds, graded part of the esplanade, and did other small jobs incident to the com- pletion of this work when they were not engaged in operation and care. In May a hired-labor force was engaged to finish the grading and paving of the esplanade and the placing of riprap at the abut- ment. This work was well under way at the close of the fiscal year. The amount expended was $8,778.82. Lock and Dam No. 41: At the end of the fiscal year 1922 the work remaining to be done to complete the project consisted of the actual construction work on the experimental bridge-type dam, the removal of rock from the west approach (approximately 1 per cent of the total), and installation of three trestles in the emergency dam. This work was completed in August, 1922. Lock and Dam No. 43: This lock and dam was constructed by hired labor with Government plant, and was practically completed and ready for operation in November, 1920, and the dam was first raised June, 1921. There was expended during the fiscal year $513. Lock and Dam No. 44: The work was continued throughout the year by hired labor with Government plant. The operations con- sisted of completion of land wall, river wall, and lower guide wall of lock; completion of 460 linear feet of navigable pass, except for installation of wickets and placing of riprap downstream from crib; construction of first-pass cofferdam, removal of 25 per cent of first-pass cofferdam, removal of 60 per cent of lock cofferdam, con- struction of 424 linear feet of second-pass cofferdam; placing of 19,250 cubic yards of fill behind land wall of lock, and placing of 76 cubic yards of concrete for permanent power-house foundation. There was expended during the year $582,872.28. Lock and Dam No. 45: The work was resumed on July 27, 1922, by hired labor with Government plant, after having been suspended, due to insufficient funds. The work during the year consisted in the assembling of the plant and organization. Construction of coffer- dam to inclose the lock was recommenced on August 20, 1922, and during the low-water season of 1922 was completed and unwatered. Rock excavation was commenced for lower end of upper guide wall and upper end of land wall. Concrete construction was commenced in upper guide wall, but a rise of the river flooded the cofferdam shortly thereafter. Again on May 15 and June 15 the coffer was flooded by river rises after unwatering and little was accomplished. Unwatering for the fourth time during the fiscal year was com- pleted June 27. Standard-form sections for the lock and guide walls were constructed; two permanent lockkeepers' dwellings were com- 1224 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. pleted; 11,785 cubic yards of gravel for concrete were dredged and stored. There was expended during the year $369,153.44. Lock and Dam No. 46: Funds were made available April 28, 1923, for the beginning of work of constructing the lock and dam by hired labor. Actual work of construction was delayed pending the selec- tion of the new site and awaiting information as to the character of the foundation. The site recommended was approved June 16, 1923, and negotiations were begun at once for the purchase of land. At the end of the fiscal year options had been secured on all land neces- sary, except two small strips which will probably have to be pro- cured by condemnation proceedings. The question of examination of the title was taken up with the department. Orders for materials are being placed and as soon as the title is approved the actual construction work will begin. There was expended during the fiscal year $13,369.45. Lock and Dam No. 47: At the end of the fiscal year 1922 negotia- tions for the purchase of land by condemnation proceedings were under way. The court appointed appraisers, and the value of the land was fixed at $2,950. The owners took exception to the- value fixed by the appraisers and the matter is still pending. An order was issued by the court authorizing the United States to enter into pos- session pending the final determination of the amount to be paid. Bids for the construction of the lock by contract were asked and opened April 10, 1923, the award being made to the low bidder. At the end of the fiscal year the contractor had practically completed the temporary buildings and had begun work of delivering the mate- rials preparatory to beginning actual construction. The Government force was engaged in furnishing the lines and grades and erection of office building. There was expended during the year $4,181.54. Lock and Dam No. 48: This lock and dam was completed during the year with the removal of about 300 feet of cofferdam above the fixed weir. There was expended during the year $90,430.96. Lock and Dam No. 52: An initial appropriation, amounting to $50,000, was made at the beginning of the fiscal year for the pre- liminary work preparatory to the construction of this lock and dam. Actual work was delayed pending the contemplated change in site and awaiting information as to the character of material for foun- dation, which can not be furnished until low-water season 1923. There was expended during the year $300. Surveys, etc.: This work has been completed. No work was in progress during the year other than minor office work connected with record, issue and sale of charts, and surveys of lock sites (see below). There was expended during the year $175. Purchase of land, Ohio River: At the beginning of the fiscal year an initial allotment was made to cover the purchase of land for lock sites on Ohio River, which included Dams 46, 49, 50, 51, 52, and 53. Actual purchase was delayed pending the contemplated changes of sites and ascertaining the character of the foundation. The site for Lock and Dam 46 was approved, the purchase of land authorized, and negotiations were started, options being secured on the land necessary at the end of the fiscal year. Locations of Locks and Dams Nos. 46, 49, 50, 51, 52, and 53: This work consisted of surveys for securing physical data, etc., necessary RIVERS AND HARBORS-OHIO RIVER LOCKS AND DAMS. 1225 for study of the question of relocating Dams Nos. 46, 49, 50, 51, 52, and 53. In addition, borings were taken at various localities in connection with an irvestigation of possibilities of improvement of the lower river by dredging instead of by canalization. A survey party made examinations during July-November, 1922, at Dams 46, 49, 50, 51, and 52. Further examinations to be made during the low-water season of 1923 will include Dam No. 53. During period, April-June, 1923, examinations were made at Dams Nos. 46, 49, and 50. The new site for Dam No. 46 was selected and approved June 16, 1923. Discharge measurements were made at various points during 1922 and 1923. There was expended during the year $32,409.31. Plant, Ohio River: An initial appropriation of $150,000 for the purchase of plant for lock and dam construction, Ohio River, was made in April, 1923. A report of the plant requirements for lock and dam construction in this district was approved by the depart- ment on May 9, 1923. Under this plan specifications and plans were approved for six steel dump scows and bids were asked, to be opened in the district office July 16, 1923. Plans and specifications were prepared for six additional barges and two steel derrick boats, and at the end of the year they were ready to submit for approval. There were no expenditures during the year. Contingencies: Work was continued throughout the year by the Ohio River designing force on plans for locks and dams. The amount expended during the year was $16,937.92, all of which was applied to the payment of salaries and expenses incident to this work. The 'total expenditures during the year were $5,125,457.03, all for new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-There were completed, or prac- tically so, 37 locks and dams, including Locks and Dams Nos. 1 and 2, which were abandoned upon the completion of Emsworth Dam, al- though the structures have not as yet been removed. The table in paragraph Existing project shows the year of completion of the locks and dams now in operation and the percentage of completion of structures at present under construction. There were 10 locks and dams under construction at the close of the year in various stages of progress, two of which were nearly ready to be placed in operation. One of these (Lock and Dam No. 27) has since been placed in opera- tion, having been raised for the first time on July 23, 1923. During the past year construction work was commenced on two new locks and dams (Nos. 46 and 47) and recommenced on Lock and Dam No. 45, which had previously been suspended owing to lack of funds. Lock and Dam No. 27, placed in operation shortly after the close of. the fiscal year, added 21.7 miles of canalized river to that available at the beginning of the year- 515.2-making a total of 536.9 miles available to navigation at the end of the year. It also provided con- tinuous slackwater improvement for the entire distance of 319.4 miles from the head of the river at Pittsburgh, Pa., to Dam No. 29, 3 miles below the moutk of the Big Sandy River. The additional 217.5 miles of river of project depth is provided by pools 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, and 48. Funds were allotted and work started to secure physi- 1226 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. cal data necessary for the further study of the question of locations of Dams Nos. 49, 50, 51, 52, and 53, including borings at localities needed in the investigation of dredging possibilities in that reach of the river. It is expected to complete this work during the present season. At the close, of the year there remained seven locks and dams whose construction had not yet been commenced out of the total of 52 contemplated under the existing project. The total ex- penditures under the existing project were $53,166,289.16. Proposed operations.---The balance available at the close of the year from previous appropriations will be variously applied at each of the locks and dams now under construction and still unfinished to that part of the construction the early completion of which will be most advantageous to the progress of the particular work. Upon these locks and dams which are nearest completion the funds will be applied to the placing of the wickets and their different parts, in- stalling gate-operating machinery or power-house equipment, and in placing in proper condition the grounds belonging to the improve- ment. Where work has not been so far advanced the available funds will be applied to cofferdam construction and in placing the masonry of the lock or dam, depending upon the state of the particular work. It is not possible to state definitely the rate at which funds available at the close of the year will or can be expended, as the rate of prog- ress is controlled largely by the stage of water in the river. How- ever, in view of the small balances remaining from the previous river and harbor acts, and in view of the large sums obligated by contracts for the construction of the dams at Nos. 32 and 34, and the lock at No. 47, together with the large amount of work being undertaken by hired labor methods, it is believed that the balance available will be practically exhausted by the end of the fiscal year 1924. The additional sum of $5,500,000 can be profitably expended dur- ing the fiscal year 1925, as follows: Lock and Dam No. 32 ($175,000), completion of project. Lock and Dam No. 34 ($74,000), completion of project. Lock and Dam No. 44 ($100,000), completion of project. Lock and Dam No. 45 ($700,000), completion of lock and construction of pass. Lock and Dam No. 46 ($700,000), construction of lock. Lock and Dam No. 47 ($100,000), purchase of lock gates and contingencies; lock is being constructed under contract. Lock and Dam No. 49 ($700,000), commencing construction by hired labor. Lock and Dam No. 50 ($1,500,000), construction of lock by contract. Lock and Dam No. 51 ($600,000), commencing construction by hired labor. Lock and Dam No. 52 ($700,000), commencing construction by hired labor. The above figures leave a balance of $151,000, which it is proposed to reserve for contingencies, including maintenance of the Ohio River designing force. Commercial statistics.-Conlmerce on the Ohio River during the last few years has remained about of the same nature, except that there is a tendency toward an increase in the shipment of steel and iron from the upper river mills to points on the Ohio and Missis- sippi Rivers. No material change in lines of transportation has been made. About 73 per cent of the tonnage for the calendar year 1922 was coal, 14 per cent sand and gravel, 5 per cent steel and iron prod- ucts, and the remainder miscellaneous freight. RIVERS AND HARBORS OHIO RIVER LOCKS AND DAMS. 1227 Comparative statement. Short tons. Value. @ Passengers. Calendar year 1918: Through locks and open river ..................... 6, 171, 412. 70 $77, 685,322.47 864,353 Ferries... ...... ....................... 451, 528. 30 67, 969, 594. 81 9, 467, 556 Total.. ...................................... 6,662,941.00 145,654,917.28 10, 331,909 Calendar year 1919: Through locks and open river ....................... 5,004, 377.74 88, 912,135.54 1,048, 066 Ferries .... ...... .................... 465, 045.86 97, 798,196. 67 3,260, 225 Total........................................... 5, 469, 423.60 186, 710, 332.21 4, 308, 291 Calendar year 1920: Through locks and open river.................... 9, 392,463. 70 223,443,491.73 1, 130,112 Ferries ..................................................... 486, 861.66 145, 164,075.30 3, 325, 728 Total......................................... 9, 869, 325.36 368, 607, 567.03 4,455, 840 Calendar year 1921: Through locks and open river................ 7, 307, 880.09 93, 274, 813. 61 1, 373,854 Ferries. ... .............................. 729, 908.23 371, 301, 448. 28 4, 079, 497 Total............................. ....... 8,037, 788.32 464, 576,261.89 5, 453, 351 Calendar year 1922: Through locks and open river................. 6,291, 825.66 144, 796,250.39 378, 917 Ferrie ................................. ..... 747, 312. 47 823, 531, 743.55 3, 743, 875 Total............................................. 7, 039, 138. 13 1 968, 327, 993.94 4,122, 792 Financial sumn ary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $442,874.71: New work------------------------------------- $70, 823, 562. 94 Maintenance__------ -------- --- ------------ - -- Total appropriations to date of this report-- ---------------- 78, 861, 176. 86 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........$3, 615, 533.47 $5, 167, 920. 56 $6, 317, 467 09 $4, 480, 684. 37 $5, 125,457.03 Expended for maintenance............... . ................ .................. .... ....... Appropriated or allotted......... 3,000,000. 00 500,000.00 3,839,000.00 5,323, 000.00 6,664, 597. 68 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------ 2 $6, 459, 706. 11 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923----------------------------------- 5, 000, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 30, 1922--------------------------------- 1, 648, 000. 00 Amount transferred from Ohio River open-channel improve- ment ----- -------------------------------------------- 16, 597. 68 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923---------------- 38, 767. 16 13, 163, 070. 95 June 30. 1923, amount expended during fiscal year for new work ------------------------------ 5, 125, 457.03 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-------------------------- 8, 037, 613. 92 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------------ $474, 968. 69 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts------------------- --------- 4, 557, 187. 57 5,032,156. 26 July 1, 1923, balance available--------------------------- 3, 005, 457. 66 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2Increased $416.95, due to error in last year's report. 1228 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for comple- tion of existing project ---------------------------- $ Amount that san be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work-_----------------------- -'5, 500, 000. 00 2. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS ON THE OHIO RIVER. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for construction of locks and dams on the Ohio River. See pages 1212 to 1228, where general information regarding the improvement may be found. The completed locks and dams have been operated and maintained under the permanent in- definite appropriation since the following dates: No. No. 1. October 7, 1885. 20. January 16, 1917. Emswoitth, September 1, 1921. 21. September 5, 1919. 2. October 13, 1906. 22. December 1, 1918. 3. February 1, 1908. 23. September 26, 1921. 4. February 1, 1908. 21. August 27, 1919. 5. November 21, 1907. 25. June 1, 1922. 6. August 3, 1904. 26. August 1, 1912. 7. September 16, 1914. 28. March 1, 1915. 8. July 14, 1911. 29. December 1, 1916. 9. November 2, 1914. 31. October 22, 1919. 10. October 31, 1915. 33. October 28, 1921. 11. August 1, 1911. 35. September 3, 1919. 12. January 16, 1917. 37. January 1, 1911. 13. August 1, 1911. 39. March 15, 1921. 14. August 20, 1917. 41. Including Louisville & Portland 15. July 1, 1916. Canal, July, 1885.8 16. August 16, 1917. New lock, May 1, 1921. 17. August 1, 1918. 43. June 13, 1921. 18. May 1, 1910. 48. January 1, 1922. 19. October 16, 1916. Operatioris and results during fiscal year.-The locks and dams were operated as required and the necessary repairs were made thereto, as well as the appurtenant structures. The more important repairs or replacements were as follows: Dams Nos. 1 to 11, inclusive (Pittsburgh district) : The Emsworth pool having been established, Locks and Dams Nos..1 and 2 were not operated after August 3 and 23, respectively, 1922. To arrest serious scour below Emsworth main-channel dam 3,727 tons of large derrick stone were placed and additional stone are in transit. At the Ems- worth 110-foot lock two broken gate operating gear wheels were renewed. At Lock No. 3 the upper-gate engine was repaired and re- installed, timber facing on land wall and upper guide wall repaired, valves repaired and new stems installed, both gate chain drums re- paired, and 100 tons of stone placed in bank wash below abutment. At Lock No. 4 a new boiler was installed on maneuver boat and 665 tons of derrick stone placed above and 175 tons below bear-trap gates. At Lock No. 5 the rail-to-river transfer tramway was raised and re- ballasted, and practically all derrick stone used at Ohio River dams were transferred to barges. At Lock No. 6 new tubes were installed 1 The balance unappropriated of the original estimate is $3,938,890.32, but on account of the present high cost of labor and materials and uncertainty as to future costs, this will be insufficient. SExclusive of available funds. ' Prior to date stated these works were operated and maintained between 1874 and 1882 from funds derived from tolls, rents, etc., and between 1882 and 1885 from appropriations and allotments provided by river and harbor act of Mar. 3, 1881. RIVERS AND HARBORS-OHIO RIVER LOCKS AND DAMS. 1229 in power house and maneuver-boat boilers. One of the gas-engine compressor units from Lock No. 1 was installed at Lock No. 6 to provide a duplicate operating unit, new gas and water lines laid, and a new pump installed. The deteriorated A-frame weir, 120 feet long, was inclosed in a cofferdam, unwatered, A frames and deposits re- moved, and forms erected for a fixed concrete weir. At Lock No. 7 a new lighting plant was installed. At Lock No. 10, 200 tons of large derrick stone was placed above bear-trap gates and four flat- loads of gravel deposits removed from lock chamber. At Lock No. 11 a new oil pipe line and gate operating cable were installed and the bearing plate at lower lock gate reset. Eighteen horses, props, and wickets were repaired and replaced at Dams Nos. 3, 4, and 5. Three new or rebushed gate wheels were installed. New valve stems were installed at Locks Nos. 7, 8, 9, and 10. Locks and Dams Nos. 12-26, 28, 29, and 31 (Huntington district) : At Dam No. 12 new boiler flues were installed on maneuver boat, walks were laid on the lock gates, and bearing plate for lock gate was reset. At Dam No. 13 a bear trap of the standard, two-leaf, steel type, was installed in place of the reversed, Parker type, which was removed. Nine new horses and props were installed for the Bebout Weir. New flues were installed in the maneuver boat boiler; new hot-air furnaces were installed in the lockkeepers' dwellings; the gate tracks for the lock gates were repaired, about 75 per cent of the work being completed. New wheels were installed on the downstream side of the upper gate and both sides of the lower gate, and the emptying valves were repaired in the lower gate. At Dam No. 14 the esplanade paving was repaired; steel-bearing plate on the lower end of the river wall for the lower gate was reset, and three new sectors for the emptying and filling valves were installed. At Dam No. 15 the steel-bearing plate at the upper end of the river wall for the upper gate was reset. At Dam No. 16 the fasten- ings of the stems to the blades for two of the emptying and filling valves for lock were repaired. New water seals were installed on the miter gates. Concrete walks were laid on the grounds for power house and dwellings. At Dam No. 17, 55 pass wickets were removed, some of the horse boxes were reset, and the Wickets were replaced. At Dam No. 18, 31 new horses were installed for pass wickets and 35 horses and props for the weir wickets. At Dam No. 19 the deposit from the recesses of the rolling gates was re- moved. At Dam No. 20 deposits from the recesses were removed and a well was drilled on the lock grounds for water supply. At Dam No. 21 new flue was installed for maneuver boat boiler. Two new horses and props were installed for the wickets in the Bebout Weir, and all the wooden floors in the porches on the four lock- keepers' dwellings were replaced with concrete floors. At Dam No. 22 one new horse and prop were instilled for the wickets for the Bebout Weir. Three wickets in the Bebout Weir and five in the pass weir were removed, the horse boxes reset, and the wickets re- placed. New fender timbers were placed on the miter gates. The wooden floors in the rear porches on the lockkeepers' dwellings were replaced with concrete floors. New flues were installed in the boiler on maneuver boat and new horse and prop were installed on one of the Bebout wickets. At Dam No. 24 repairs were made to eight horses and props and one of the same replaced with new one in 1230 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. the Bebout Weir. One wicket in the pass was removed, the horse box reset, and wickets replaced. The deposit was removed from the recesses for the rolling gates. At Dam No. 25 the removal of rubbish and grading of grounds were completed. At Dam No. 26 eight wickets in Chanoine Weir and 14 in the pass were removed, the horse boxes reset, and wickets replaced. All of the connections of the pass and weir wickets with the horses for same were repaired by installing new bolts for fastening wicket boxes to the wickets. Forty-two new timber buffer blocks were installed on the pass wickets. The fastenings of the stems to the blades for 17 of the emptying and filling valves for the lock were repaired. An incline track from land wall of lock across the esplanade and up the bank slope with trestles on the bank at the power house was constructed for transferring coal to the top of the bank. New reverse links with blocks were installed on the engines for gate winches. New baffle fire walls were built in the furnaces of the two large boilers in the power house. At Dam No. 28 the fastenings of the stems to the blades of all emptying and filling valves for the lock were repaired. New submarine telephone cable was laid across the river. New flues were installed in the maneuver boat boiler. The deposit was removed from upper and lower gates. The steelwork on the upper gate was cleaned with sand blast and coated with " Hermastic " solution and enamel. New wheels were installed on downstream side of the upper gate. At the lower gate new wheels were installed on the upstream side. New worm-gear operating devices for the bear-trap valves were purchased to replace the old spur-gear devices. At Dam No. 29 the deposit from the gate recesses was removed. Equipment was purchased for installing electric lights for the lock. New worm-gear operating devices for bear-trap valves were pur- chased to replace the old spur-gear devices. The remainder of the grading was completed for the road through the grounds. The metal work on the lock gates was cleaned with sand blast and coated with one coat each of "Hermastic" solution and enamel. New wheels were installed on downstream side of the upper gate and both sides of the lower gate. At Dam No. 31 the construction of reinforced concrete covers for the recesses for the rolling gates was completed. Deposit from the gate recesses was removed. Wooden walks were installed on lock gates. Electric-light equip- ment was purchased for the lock. New worm-gear operating de- vices for bear-trap valves were purchased to replace the spur-gear devices. Steel cover plates were installed on the turbine pit of river wall. Locks and Dams Nos. 33, 35, 37, and 39 (Cincinnati district) : At Dam No. 33 no repairs of importance were necessary. The operating force performed the work of operation and care and did some grad- ing on the esplanade. At,Dam No. 35 the lock force was engaged in the usual operation and maintenance of the lock and dam and assist- ing in the work of grading grounds, building roadways, and laying walks, etc. No repairs of importance were necessary. At Dam No. 37 repairs were made by hired labor on lower lock gate and track from November 6 to December 3, the flanges of wheels being broken and track spread. At Dam No. 39 the lock force performed the usual work of operation and care and also some work in connection with RIVERS AND HARBORS--PITTSBURGH, PA., DISTRICT. 1231 finishing the project, such as grading of esplanade, cleaning of grounds, etc. No repairs of importance were necessary. Locks and Dams Nos.' 41, 43, and 48 and Louisville & Portland Canal (Louisville district): The new lock was in commission the entire year, except for 13 days, when during which period boats used the falls of the Ohio River. The dredges Louisville and Casey, with the towboat Cherokee, removed 245,205 cubic yards of deposits, etc., from the canal, its approaches, basins, lock pits, and gate recesses. The dry dock was occupied 198 days and 18 hours, repairing 33 Government and 2 privately owned craft. The total tonnage docked was 4,920 long tons. At Dam No. 43 the reservation was inclosed with barbed-wire fence. All outside woodwork on lock houses and power house and roofs of cottages was painted. New flues were installed in boiler of maneuver boat and hull sandblasted and painted. At Dam No. 48, 27,200 cubic yards of sand and gravel were removed by the Government fleet from the lock chamber and the lower en- trance to the lock during July and August, 1922. Approximately 5,000 feet of telephone cable was laid across the river, connecting with the power house. Approximately 3,000 tons of stone were placed by the Government plant and the contractor below the dam, and 4,500 cubic yards were stored on the bank to be placed below the dam when river conditions permit. The expenditures from the indefinite appropriation amounted to $1,171,445.67. Condition at end of fiscal year.-There were 35 locks and dams completed, or practically so, and in operation at the end of the year; Locks and Dams Nos. 1 and 2 not being operated after August 3 and 23, 1922, respectively, on account of completion of Emsworth Dam. They are still in working condition; but as they are no longer needed, their obstructive features will be removed in the near future. All structures were in good condition. Lock and Dam No. 27 was placed in operation shortly after the close of the fiscal year, being raised for the first time on July 23, 1923. Except at a few paints where there are gravel deposits, the dams, when up, provide 9-foot navigation from the head of the river at Pittsburgh, Pa., to Dam No. 29, a dis- tance of 319.4 miles, as well as in the pools formed by completed dams below. The total amount expended for operation and maintenance at the close of the year was $11,880,612.06; of this amount $11,249,- 479.77 was allotted from the permanent indefinite appropriation and $631,132.29 was derived from other sources. Proposed operations.-The locks and dams and canal will be oper- ated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appropriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.--Commercial statistics for the river will be found in report on improvement of Ohio River by construction of locks and dams. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE PITTSBURGH, PA., DISTRICT, This district includes the watershed of the Ohio River above Beach Bottom Run, 3.5 miles below Wellsburg, W. Va. The rivers included in this district are the Monongahela, Pa. and W. Va., the 61637--ENG 1923----78 1232 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Allegheny, Pa. and N. Y., smaller tributaries not now under im- provement, and the upper Ohio for 77.9 miles below its head at Pittsburgh, Pa. District engineer: Maj. J. F. Bell, Corps of Engineers, to June 22, 1923, and Col. C. W. Kutz, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineer: Col. C. W. Kutz, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS. Page. Page. 1. Monongahela River, Pa. and 5. Operating and care of locks W. Va-------------- _ 1282 and dams, Allegheny River, 2. Operating and care of locks Pa .- _-------------1244 and dam s, Monongahela 6. Ohio River above Beach Bot- River, Pa. and W. Va-.- 1237 tom Run, W. Va _---_--- 1213 3. Allegheny River, Pa., open- 7. Operating and care of locks channel work ---------- , 1238 and dams Nos. 1 to 11, in- 4. Allegheny River, Pa., con- clusive, Ohio River-------- 1228 struction of locks and dams_ 1241 1. MONONGAHELA RIVER, PA. AND W. VA. Location and description.-The Monongahela River is formed by the junction of the Tygarts Valley and West Fork Rivers, about 1 mile south of Fairmont, W. Va., and flows in a northerly direction 128 miles to its junction with the Allegheny River, forming the Ohio River, at Pittsburgh, Pa. The drainage area is about 7,390 square miles. The discharge varies from 160 to 200,000 second-feet. The current is rapid. The width of the river varies from 420 feet at its head to 900 feet at Pittsburgh. From Fairmont to Lock No. 7 the fall averages 2.1 feet per mile, and from Lock No. 7 to the mouth 0.7 foot per mile. The extreme flood oscillation is about 35 feet at Pittsburgh. Low-water conditions prevail from June to September. (See U. S. Geological Survey charts for Pennsylvania and West Virginia.) Original condition.--Prior to 1840 the river was navigable for steamboats at high stages only as far as Brownsville, Pa., 56 miles above the mouth. Light-draft flats and rafts could be floated down- stream at a low-water depth of 12 inches for the entire length of the river. Previous projects.-The original project for Monongahela River, Pa., was adopted by the act of June 10, 1872, and extended by the act of June 3, 1896. The original project for Monongahela River, W. Va., was adopted by the act of June 4, 1897. Under these proj- ects, all completed, there has been expended $5,420,540.52 for new work and $741.66 for maintenance, a total of $5,421,282.18. For further details of previous projects see page 1910 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the improvement of the river by 14 locks and dams to afford slack-water navigation from Pitts- burgh, Pa., to 4 miles above Fairmont, W. Va., a distance of 130 miles. Locks Nos. 1 to 7, inclusive, were built by the Monongahela Navigation Co. and acquired by the United States in 1897, and Locks 8 to 15, inclusive, were built by the United States prior to 1904. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PITTSBURGH, PA., DISTRICT. 1233 Locks 7, 8, and 9 are to be replaced by new Locks .7 and 8. In- creased traffic necessitated an enlargement and improvement of the locks and dams between Pittsburgh and Rices Landing, Pa. In re- building the locks and dams from Nos. 1 to 6 the adopted standard was two parallel chambers each 56 by 360 feet, with 8 feet depth on sills, and fixed concrete dams. The project includes the building of Locks 10 to 15, inclusive, single locks 56 by 182 feet, with 7 feet depth on sills, and fixed con- crete dams, which are still adequate for the present traffic. The channel width varies from 125 feet in pool No. 15 to 500 feet in pool No. 1. The existing project was authorized as follows: Enlargement and improvement of Lock and Dam No. 6, additional works at Lock No. 3, and for new repair steamer and new dredge boat with equipment, by the act of March 3, 1899, at an estimated cost of $185,556 (see Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1897, pp. 2423-2424); also acquisition of land and additional im- provements at Nos. 5 and 6, authorized by the act of March 3, 1905, at a cost of $7,850 (see Annual Report for 1904, p. 460). Rebuilding of Lock and Dam No. 2, by the act of June 13, 1902, " in accordance with the report submitted by the engineer in charge, dated February 4, 1902" (not printed), at an estimated cost of $655,961; estimate increased in 1910 to $698,961 (see Annual Report for 1909, p. 1756). Rebuilding of Lock and Dam No. 3, by the act of March 3, 1905, at an estimated cost of $589,196 (see H. Doc. No. 209, 58th Cong., 2d sess.). Reconstruction of Lock and Dam No. 5, by the act of March 2, 1907, at an estimated cost of $756,042 (see H. Doc. No. 209, 58th Cong., 2d sess.). Reconstruction of Lock and Dam No. 6, by the act of March 4, 1913, at an estimated cost of $356,400 (see H. Doc. No. 1217, 62d Cong., 3d sess.) ; estimate increased in 1916 to $418,860. Additional improvements by the act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doec. No. 288, 67th Cong., 2d sess.), at estimated costs as follows: Guide walls and guard walls, Nos. 1 to 6-------------------- $1, 255,130 Lengthening land chamber of Lock No. 3 to 720 feet-------------- 787, 722 New chamber (360 feet long), Lock No. 4_______________________ 699, 786 Lock and Dam No. 7--------- --- ----------------------- - 1, 161, 241 Lock and Dam No. 8-------------------------------------- 1, 165, 758 Lock and Dam No. 7 (second chamber) ______________419, 126 Lock and Dam No. 8 (second chamber) _____ _________ 504, 465 Reconstruction of Dam No. 4______________________________ 397, 211 Marine ways, repair plant, office, and warehouse------------------250, 000 6, 640, 439 The foregoing estimates are exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. 1234 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Lodks and dams, Monongahela River, Pa. and W. Va. Depth on miter Character of founde- Location. Dimensions. sills at normal tion. pool level. Lift at -- I---- normal No. Avail. pool Width able level. Miles of above Nearest town. length Lower. Upper. Lock. Dam. cham- for full mouth. ber. width. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. 1 1.9 Pittsburgh, Pa........... 1 56 360 7. 4 10.0 11.8 Rock....Rock and gravel. 2 11.2 Braddock, Pa......... 156 362 7.9 11.1 11.1 Gravel.. Gravel. 3 23.8 Elizabeth, Pa.... ..... 156 360 8. 7 11.2 11.7 Rock.... Do. 4 40.9 North Charleroi, Pa....... 1 56 360 8.8 12.4 9.2 Gravel.. Do. 5 56.5 Brownsville, Pa ......... 56 360 14.2 9.1 11.5 Rock.... Do. 6 68.3 Rices Landing, Pa...... 360 9.8 10.5 8.5 ...do..... Rock and gravel. 7 82.3 Martin Pa........... 50 159 9.4 6.5 6. 0 ...do... 27 84.8 Greensboro, Pa........... 1 56 360 15 10 10 Rock and Rock and fire clay. fire clay. 87.1 Point Marion, Pa......... 50 161 10.6 7.0 5.8 Rock.... Rock and i8 gravel. 90.6 ..... do.................. 1 56 360 15 10 10 Rock and Rock and fire clay. fire clay. 9 92.4 Hoard, W. Va........... 50 160 12.2 5.6 6.4 ...do..... Rock. 10 101.5 Morgantown W. Va...... 56 182 11.2 I 6.4 7.0 ...do.... Do. 1. 104.1 Uffington, w. Va.......... 56 182 10.7 7.0 7.0 ...do..... Do. 12 109.1 Little Falls, W. Va....... 56 182 10.7 7.0 7.0 ...do.... Do. 13 111.6 ..... do.................... 56 182 10.7 7.0 7.0 ...do..... Do. 14 115.0 Lowsville, W. Va........ 56 182 10. 7 7. O 7.0 ...do.... Do. 15 124.2 Hoult, W. Va............. 56 182 10. 7 7. O 7.0 ...do... Do. II - - -- -- - L Type of construction. Percent- Year of Kind of age of Estimated or No. dam. comple- comple- tion. actual cost. Lock. Dam. tion. 1 Fixed...... Concrete............. Timber and concrete.... 71 8 $610,615.00 2. ..... do........... do......................Concrete............ 88 8 797, 781.00 3 ..... do..... ....do..................... do.............. ..... 35 81,681, 538.00 4 .....do........... do..................... Timber.............. 37 8 2 134 813.00 76 ' 989,362.00 5 ..... do...... .....do..................... Concrete............... 6 ..... do...... Masonry and concrete..... Timber............... 69 8 604,225.00 7 ... do..... Masonry............. ....do................. 100 1883 213,775.94 7 ..... do.... Concrete ............... Concrete........... 0 1, 580, 367.00 8 ..... do... Masonry ............. Timber............ 100 1889 - 245, 900.00 i2 ..... do..... Concrete................. Concrete ........... 0 1,670, 223.00 9 ..... do........... do.................. Masonry.............. 100 1879 191,000.00 10 11 do..... ..... ..... do............... ..... do.............. . Concrete ................ ..... do............. 100 100 1903 1903 210, 444.64 227, 668.41 12 do................... o.... ... do............. 100 1904 200, 550.35 113 .... do..... ..... .... do................ 100 1904 190, 690.51 14 .....do..................... ..... do............. 100 1904 210,126.87 15 .do... .....do.................. .... do................ 100 1904 175, 828.52 1 Two chambers. s Authorized new locks and dams. 8 Partial reconstruction, enlargement, or extension, estimated cost. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities:-There are practically no terminal facilities available to the public except boat landings maintained by munici- palities along the river. No provision has been made for the trans- shipment of freight between railroads and river, except at one plant RIVERS AND HARBORS-PITTSBURGH, PA., DISTRICT. 1235 near Lock No. 5, and at the docks of the Union Railroad Co. at Duquesne. An extensive paved wharf is provided by the city of Pittsburgh. A large number of tipples at mines and hoists of various types at manufacturing plants are maintained for private use in loading and unloading coal, coke, billets, sand, gravel, etc., but these are not available for the purposes of general commerce. The facilities are inadequate to the development of a large water-borne commerce beyond the limits of the Pittsburgh district. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made water trans- portation thoroughly dependable and has thus enabled a heavy traffic of about 24,000,000 tons annually to develop. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Two lock houses at Lock No. 6 were 50 per cent completed, the cellars and foundations by hired labor and the superstructures under contract. Surveys and general construction plans for lengthening land chamber of Lock No. 3, for new Lock No. 7, and extension of guide walls at Lock: No. 5 were practically completed. On May 7 the construction equip- ment and force commenced hired-labor operations on the lengthening of land chamber of Lock No. 3. At the close of the year two-thirds of the excavation to rock for the middle lock wall extension had been made and five alternate concrete monoliths aggregating 85 linear feet constructed to level of lower pool. For filling conduit landward of existing lock about one-third of the excavation has been made and approximately 65 linear feet of concrete floor and conduit wall constructed. Dredging of foundation for lower guide wall was commenced. The entire work was 10 per cent completed. The ex- penditures were $44,039.45, all of which were for new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 30 per cent completed. Fifteen locks and dams have been in operation since 1904, providing slackwater navigation from Pittsburgh, Pa., to a point 4 miles above Fairmont, W. Va., a distance of 131 miles, with control- ling depth of 8 feet between Pittsburgh and Lock No. 7, of 5.6 feet between Locks Nos. 7 and 10, and 7 feet above Lock No. 10. Further information relating to the locks and dams may be found in the table under Existing project. The river is navigable throughout the year except for about 5 days annually on account of high water and ice below Lock No. 7 and 30 days annually above Lock No. 7. Of the old locks purchased from the Monongahela River Navigation Com- pany, Nos. 1 to 6, inclusive, have been rebuilt, each with two cham- bers, and plans and specifications for new Lock No. 7 prepared. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is the completion of two lock dwellings at Lock No. 6 and the additional improvements authorized by the act of September 22, 1922, as tabulated in Existing project, of which the lengthening of land chamber of Lock No. 3 has been 10 per cent accomplished. The total expenditures under the existing project were $2,667,579.97 for new work. 1236 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended to new work as follows: Completing two lock houses at Lock No. 6 -------------------- $13, 458. 95 Purchase of land for new Lock and Dam No. 7 -------------- 6, 000. 00 Surveys, borings, plans, etc., for work at Locks Nos. 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 -------------------------------- 3, 938. 08 Lengthening land chamber of Lock No. 3 6------------- 649, 766. 09 400 linear feet of lower guide wall at Lock No. 3----------- 81,129. 00 Extending guide walls at Lock No. 5---------------------- 188, 320. 00 Land chamber at new Lock No. 7-------------------------- 643, 722.00 Total -------------------------- , 586, 334. 12 1-------------- The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 ($2,000,000), it is proposed to apply to the following works: Extending guide and guard walls at Lock No. 1__________ -_____ $176, 570 Extending lower and middle guide walls at Lock No. 2 . 98, 820 Extending guide and guard walls at Lock No. 3 ------------------ 184, 671 Extending upper guard wall at Lock No. 5----------------------- 45, 000 Extending lower guide wall at Lock No. 6----- __-----___- 88, 000 Completing Lock and Dam No. 7, removing old dam, and dredging channel ----------------- ------------------------------ 517, 519 New Lock No. 8, including guide walls, power plant, gates, operating machinery, lock houses, etc-------------- ------ ____--- __ 784, 743 Abutment and short section of dam at Lock No. 8 --------------- 104, 677 Total ---------------------------------------- 2, 000, 000 Commercial statistics.-There is given below a comparative state- ment of the total commerce of the Monongahela River, which con- sisted pricipally of coal, coke, sand, gravel, and iron and steel prod- ucts. For 1922 the tonnage was distributed as follows: Coal, 80.6 per cent; sand and gravel, 12.9 per cent; iron and steel products, 3.8 per cent; coke, 1.2 per cent; miscellaneous items, 1.5 per cent. The usual limits of draft for this commerce are 6 to 8 feet for coaleand iron and steel products, and 4 to 7 feet for sand and gravel. Comparative statement. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passen- Calendar Short Passen- year. tonsrs. geShort year. Short tons. Value. ges. 1918........ 16, 537, 746 $64, 719, 622 10, 000 1921.......... 16, 100, 824 $83, 432, 503 10,788 1919........ 17,137, 501 119, 022,616 13, 265 1922.......... 14, 407,129 102, 001,757 652 1920....... 2 264, 354 199,140, 361 16, 044 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $139,888.33: New work----- -------------------------------- $8,088, 120. 49 Maintenance ------------- ------------ 741. 66 Net total expended----------------------------- 8, 088, 862. 15 Total appropriations to date of this report_____ 9, 675, 196. 27 RIVERS AND HARBORS-PITTSBURGH, PA., DISTRICT. 1237 Fiscal year ending 1919 1920 1921 June 30. 1922 1923 Expended for new work i....... $22,443.22 $1,424.37 ........................... $44,039.45 Expended for maintenance ................. .............. ................... ................ Appropriated or allotted.......... . . ..................... .. . . .............. 1,600,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---------------------------- $9, 473. 57 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923----- ------------------------------1, 600, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923---------------- 20, 900.00 1, 630, 373. 57 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 44, 039. 45 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------------------- 1, 586, 334. 12 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities--------------- $24, 249. 19 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts ------------------------------------ 13, 458. 95 37, 708. 14 July 1, 1923, balance available--- , 548, 625. 98 1------------------------- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---------------------------------- 5, 040, 439. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work----- ---------------------- 2, 000, 000. 00 2. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS, MONONGAHELA RIVER, PA. AND W. VA. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Monongahela River, Pa. and W. Va. See pages 1232 to 1237, where general information can be found. The completed locks and dams have been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation as follows: Nos. 1 to 7, since July 7, 1897; No. 8, since November 8, 1889; No. 9, since July 5, 1884; No. 10, since December 7, 1903; No. 11, since December 17, 1903; No. 12, since December 19, 1903; No. 13, since January 4, 1904; No. 14, since December 28, 1903; and No. 15, since December 23, 1903. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The principal activi- ties of the year were the operation of the locks and snagging, dredg- ing, floating, and repair plants, with their maintenance, in service- able condition, and the completion of new land Lock No. 6. The extraordinarily heavy repair work to submerged steel parts is due to acidity of the water. In addition to the ordinary repairs, lock- gate valves were repaired and reinstalled at Locks Nos. 3, 4, 6, 11, and 12. Material repairs were made to lock gates of Locks Nos. 3, 4, and 6, and new gate-operating machinery installed on river wall of Lock No. 3. New lock gates were completed and installed at Lock No. 11 and new lower gates with pintles and anchorages at Lock No. 12. A new water turbine was completed at Lock No. 4. ' Exclusive of available funds. I Jot deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1238 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. At Lock No. 1, 381.5 feet of upper guide crib and 114 feet of upper guard crib were removed to pool level and the structures recon- structed of concrete. A 110-foot extension of the upper guide wall at Lock No. 2 was completed and a new lock office built. At Lock No. 11 both guide cribs were removed to pool level and reconstructed of concrete and the esplanade repaved. At Lock No. 12 the crest of dam was repaired and the abutment and banks riprapped. De- posits were removed from the chambers and approaches to Locks Nos. 13 and 15. The new land chamber, upper guide wall, 800 feet long, and lower guide wall, 360 feet long, were completed, and valves, lock gates, and their operating machinery installed. The chamber was placed in commission on November 16, 1922. The paving of the esplanade with large stone and concrete was 92 per cent completed. Channel dredging was continued, as required, at various localities. The above work was performed by hired labor. The expenditures during the year were $986,870.72 for maintenance, including $14,649.11 received from receipts from sales, etc. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The 15 locks and dams are in a good state of repair. The head of navigation is at a point 4 miles above Fairmont, W. Va. For controlling depths and condition of the locks and dams see report on Monongahela River, Pa. and W. Va., pages 1232 to 1237 of this report. The net total amount spent from the permanent indefinite appropriation was $12,097,956.93. Proposed operations. The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-See report for Monongahela River, Pa. and W. Va. 3. ALLEGHENY RIVER, PA.-OPEN-CHANNEL WORK. Location and description.-The Allegheny River rises in northern Pennsylvania, flows northwestward into New York, and thence south- ward to Pittsburgh, Pa., where it joins with the Monongahela River to form the Ohio. Its length is 325 miles. The drainage area is 11,580 square miles, low-water discharge 1,440 second-feet, and high- est measured discharge 236,834 second-feet. High or low water may occur at any time, but most of the freshets come in the late winter and spring. The current is rapid. The average fall per mile of navigable portion-i. e., from Olean, N. Y., to the mouth-is 2.2 feet. The average width varies gradually from 225 feet at Olean to 1,060 at the mouth. (See U. S. Geological Survey charts for Pennsylvania and New York, unnumbered.) Original condition.-The river contained obstructive bowlders, snags, islands, bars, and shoals, making navigation hazardous and practicable only at the higher stages. The channel width was extremely variable. The minimum, safe, usable low-water depth was about 3 feet. Rafting, logging, and light steamboating extended from Olean, N. Y., to Pittsburgh, Pa., a distance of 255 miles. Previous projects.-None. Emisting project.-This provides for improvement of the open channel from the mouth to the New York State line, 214 miles, by the removal of bowlders and snags and the construction, where needed, RIVERS AND HARBORS-PITTSBURGH, PA., DISTRICT. 1239 of low dams and dikes to close secondary channels and concentrate the low-water flow on shoals. The existing project was authorized by the following river ,and harbor acts: The acts of March 3, 1879, provided for channel clearing and low dams and dikes from the mouth to French Creek (H. Ex. Doc. No. 21, 46th Cong., 3d sess., reprinted in the Annual Report for 1879, p. 1371); and the act of August 2, 1882, extended similar improvement from French Creek to the New York State line (S. Ex. Doc. No. 89, 46th Cong., 2d sess.). The original approved (1879) estimate for work from the mouth to mouth of French Creek, 126 miles, was $51,425, and the approved (1880) estimate for extension of the work from French Creek to New York State line, 88 miles (214 miles from the mouth), was $40,000; total, $91,425, all of which was for new work. No estimate for annual cost of maintenance was ever made. The latest published map is in House Document No. 740, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Ternminal facilities.-The only terminal facilities consist in a few boat landings along the river. No provision has been made for the transshipment of freight between river and railroads. The facilities are inadequate to the development of a large river traffic. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Water transportation has been rendered easier and safer. Operations and results during fiscal year.-A break in the deteri- orated timber cribwork of Red Bank Dike was repaired by timber renewal and refilling and repaving of the spaces with stone. Inspec- tions were made of work done under department permits to prevent channel encroachments. Expenditures during the year were $2,771.45 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Ten low dams and dikes to close secondary channels and concentrate the low-water flow on shoals were completed by 1898. These regulating works, while considerably deteriorated, still perform their functions. Heavy-ice conditions of the past winter caused the removal of some deteriorated crib timbers and stone paving and filling in Red Bank Dike. From New York State line to the mouth of the, river, 214 miles, all rock and snag obstructions were removed by 1904. The Corydon milldam, modified in 1887, was entirely removed in 1910. No further new work is con- templated. A well-defined navigable channel from 150 feet wide and about 1 foot deep at low water at the New York State line to about 300 feet wide and approximately 2 feet deep at low water at the head of pool No. 3, Natrona, Pa., 25 miles above the mouth, has been established and maintained by the above improvements. For locks and dams contemplated, see report on construction of locks and dams. The work accomplished permits safe navigation at stages from 2 to 3 feet lower than formerly. The navigable depth varies with location and greatly according to seasonal conditions. Slack-water improve- ment from the mouth to Natrona, Pa, has reduced the open-channel distance by 25 miles. The expenditures were $197,000 for new work and $107,286.99 for maintenance, a total of $304,286.99. 1240 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended, $2,337.53, to repair on Red Bank Dike and inspection pur- poses. The sum of $5,000 can be profitably expended in the fiscal year 1925 for maintenance and repairs of existing dikes and dams, removal of sundry channel obstructions, inspection work, and the patrol of banks to prevent unauthorized encroachments. The following is a statement of the proposed application of these funds: Sundry repairs to deteriorated timbers and paving of low dikes and dams_ $3, 000 Removal of channel obstructions from head of slack water to New York State line ----------------------------------- 1, 000 Bank patrol and inspection--__--------- ----- ___ 1, 000 Total----------------- ----------------- ------ 5, 000 Commercial statistics.-There is given below a comparative state- ment of commerce on the open river above slack water, which con- sisted principally of sand and gravel. For 1922 the tonnage was distributed among these classes as follows: Gravel, 33.4 per cent; sand, 11.6 per cent; sand, glass grinding, 54.3 per cent; miscellaneous items, 0.7 per cent. The usual limit of draft for this commerce is about 4 feet. During the year three towboats and four sand and gravel dredges were operated. Practically all of the commerce reported uses the improved section of the Allegheny River and is beneficially affected by the improvements made. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918 ....................... 148,132 $350,402 1921....................... 123,066 $254,055 1919...................... 53,377 259,067 1922................... ..... 67,564 179,224 1920...................... 135, 924 572,434 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work---------------------------- $197, 000. 00 Maintenance -- .r -_107, 286. 99 Net total expended ---------------- - -------- 304, 286.99 Total appropriations to date of this report-------. ----- 306, 624. 52 Fiscal year ending 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 June 30. Expended for new work................................... .............. Expended for maintenance ..... 6, 912.20 $7, 943.50 $9.72 $2, 056.41 $2,771.45 Appropriated or allotted......... 8,000.00 .............. 2,000.00 5,000.00 ........... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended_____---- ---------------- $5, 108. 98 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance- 2, 771. 45 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------------- ------------- 2, 337. 53 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance-- . --- ---- 1 5, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PITTSBURGH, PA., DISTRICT. 1241 4. ALLEGHENY RIVER, PA., CONSTRUCTION OF LOCKS AND DAMS. Location and description and original condition.-See report on Allegheny River, Pa., open-channel improvement. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This project provides for 8 locks and dams establishing a least slack-water depth of 7 feet by 3 structures to Natrona, 24 miles above the mouth, and thence of 8 feet by 5 addi- tional locks and dams to Rimerton, 61 miles above the mouth. The estimate for new work, revised in 1922, is $7,267,000, a revision of the original estimate having been made necessary by the increase in cost of materials and labor. No estimate for maintenance was made. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 5, 1886, provided for Lock and Dam No. 1 (Annual Report for 1886, p. 1545, which contemplated a fixed dam); on September 29, 1891, the Secretary of War authorized the change to a movable dam (Annual Report for 1891, p. 2366); the act of June 3, 1896, provided for Locks and Dams Nos. 2 and 3 (An- nual Report for 1896, p. 2214) ; the act of July 25, 1912, provided for Locks and Dams Nos. 4 to 8, inclusive (H. Doc. No. 540, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). Locks and Dams Nos. 1 to 8, inclusive, Allegheny River. Depth on miter Location. Dimensions. sills at normal Characterof foundation. pool level. Lift at normal No. Width Avail- pool Miles o able level. above Nearest town. cham- length Lower. Upper. Lock. Dam. mouth. for full width. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. 1 1.7 Pittsburgh, Pa......... 55 286 7.0 8.0 15.0 Gravel.... Gravel. 2 7.0 Aspinwall, Pa .......... 56 291 11.0 11.0 10.0 Rock...... Do. 3 16.7 Springdale, Pa.......... 56 289 10.5 7.0 6.5 Hardpan.. Do. 4 24.0 Natrona, Pa............ .56 360 12.0 8.0 8.0 Rock...... Do. 5 30.5 Freeport Pa........... 56 360 12. 0 8.0 8.0 Gravel.... Do. 6 37.0 Clinton, a.............56 360 12. 0 8.0 8.0 ... do.......Do. 7 46.0 Kittanning, Pa......... 56 360 13.0 8.0 8.0 ... do.......Do. 8 53.3 Mosgrove, Pa............ 56 360 15.0 8. 0 do.......Do. 8.0 ... Type of construction. Percent- Year No. Kind of age of of com- Estimated or dam. comple- ple- actual cost. Lock. Dam. tion. tion. 1 Movable... Concrete............. Chanoine wicket .......... 100 1902 1 $591,187.42 2 Fixed...... ... do............... Concrete.................. 100 1908 1544, 928.85 3 ..... ..... do............. do...... Timber crib............... 100 1904 310,103.36 4.do. 5 ..... .. do............. Concrete.......... ....... 63.5 ......... 1,288,000.00 do..... do................. .. do................... 63.9....... .1,232,000.00 6 ..... do...........do............ .... do................................ 1,131,000.00 7 .. .do.... do......... ........ do................ .................. 1,085,000.00 8 .do... .. do .............. ... do.............. ..... . ......... .... 1,085,000.00 7,267,219.63 (or $7267,000 in round num- bers). SActual cost. NorE.-Data for Locks and Dams Nos. 4 to 8, inclusive, are tentative. 1242 REPORT' OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Recomn/mended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved July 25, 1912, required local interests to contribute $300,000 toward this im- provemerit, but this was revoked by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, which required- That no part of said amount shall be expended until the Secretary of War shall have received satisfactory assurances that the channel spans of the bridges forming unreasonable obstructions to the navigation of the Allegheny River at Pittsburgh will be modified as recommended by a board of Engineer officers in a report dated November twenty-third, nineteen hundred and ten. The river and harbor act approved March 2, 1919, in making further appropriation for this stream, required that no part thereof should be- expended until the channel spans of the bridges forming unreasonable obstruc- tions to the navigation of the Allegheny River at Pittsburgh have been modified as heretofore directed or shall hereafter be directed by the Secretary of War, or until the Secretary of War shall have received satisfactory assurances that such modifications will promptly be made contemporaneously with the prose- cution of the work of improvement. These provisos had reference to seven obstructive bridges crossing the Allegheny River at Pittsburgh, Pa., one of which has been modi- fied and two destroyed by fire and the piers of one removed. The necessary changes in these bridges were ordered by the Secretary of War in pursuance of authority conferred on him by section 18 of the act of Congress of March 3, 1899. The original orders for the alteration of the bridges were issued March 23, 1917, and were tem- porarily suspended February 28, 1918, on account of the war emer- gency. New orders were issued by the Secretary of War March 10, 1919, requiring the changes previously specified to be made in the re- maining five bridges and completed within periods ranging from two to five years from date of service of orders. The Secretary of War on May 12, 1917, approved a recommenda- tion of the Chief of Engineers that the issuing of notices by the Secretary of War to the owners of the obstructive bridges, requiring their alteration, met the condition imposed by the act of March 4, 1913; and on May 25, 1919, the Secretary of War approved a similar recommendation of the Chief of Engineers that the action of the Secretary of War in ordering the necessary alteration of the bridges satisfied the requirement of Congress in the proviso imposed by the act of March 2, 1919. Terminal facilities.-A poorly kept wharf is provided by the city of Pittsburgh. Some tipples and numerous hoists of various types are privately maintained for use in loading and unloading coal, sand, gravel, billets, manufactured articles, etc. No provision has been made for the transshipment of freight between river and railroads. The facilities are inadequate to the development of a large water- borne commerce by common carrier. Effect of improvement.-Safe navigatibn for drafts of 5 to 7 feet during fully 85 per cent of the year has been established from the mouth to Natrona, Pa. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The funds being prac- tically exhausted, no construction work was performed and opera- tions were confined to care of the temporary buildings and disman- Stied construction plant stored at the sites of Locks Nos. 4 and 5. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PITTSBURGH, PA., DISTRICT. 1248 The purchase of the necessary land for the abutment of Dam No. 5 was concluded. All work was performed by hired labor. The ex- penditures were $25,863.33, all for new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 44 per cent completed. Locks and Dams Nos. 1, 2, and 3 have been completed and are in operation. They afford slack-water navigation from the mouth to Natrona, Pa., 24 miles, with a controlling depth at pool stage of 6.5 feet on a bar in pool No. 3. Locks Nos. 4 to 8, inclusive, intended to extend slack-water navigation from Natrona, Pa., to Rimerton, Pa., 37 miles, remain to be built, Nos. 4 and 5 being partly constructed. At No. 4 the lock and guide walls and the abutment of the dam are practically finished. At No. 5 the lock and guide walls are completed. For condition of the locks and dams see table under Existing project. Available minimum drafts vary between 6 and 7 feet from March to December and between 4 and 7 feet during the winter months. The lower limits above stated occur in pool No. 1 when the movable dam is down because of ice. The work re- maining to be done is the completion of Locks and Dams Nos. 4 and 5, the definite location of sites for Dams Nos. 7 and 8, preparation of plans for Lock and Dams Nos. 6 to 8, inclusive, the purchase of land for Locks and Dams Nos. 6, 7, and 8, and the construction of the latter three, with their appurtenances. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $3,208,- 109.23 for new work and $238,815.07 for maintenance, a total of $3,446,924.30. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended, $38,110.40, to the preservation and maintenance of the works and plants at Locks Nos. 4 and 5, the purchase of property for Locks and Dams Nos. 6, 7, and 8, and preparation of additional plans for these structures. The sum of $20,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for the preservation and maintenance of the works and plant at Locks Nos. 4 and 5 and for the preparation of plans for Locks and Dams Nos. 6, 7, and 8. No new construction work can be undertaken, as the conditions prescribed by Congress to be fulfilled before work is commericed have not yet been met, viz, the removal or alteration of certain ob- structive bridges at Pittsburgh, Pa. Commercial statistics.-There is given below a comparative state- ment of the commerce on the slack-water portion of the river from Natrona to the mouth, consisting principally of coal, sand, gravel, steel billets, and dredged waste material. For 1922 the tonnage was distributed among these classes as follows: Coal, 24.2 per cent; gravel, 33 per cent; sand, 37.4 per cent; iron and steel products, 1.7 per cent; dredged waste material, 3.1 per cent; miscellaneous items, 0.6 per cent. All of the commerce here reported used the im- proved section of the river and practically all was beneficially af- fected by the improvements. The usual limits of draft for this com- merce are 6 to 8 feet for coal and steel and 4 to 7 feet for sand and gravel. During the year 28 towboats and 15 sand and gravel dredges were operated; also a number of small motor boats used for ferry, towing, excursion, and pleasure purposes. 1244 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Comparative statement. Calea Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918......... 287, 916 $10,444141 686 1921......... 3,737,441 110,072,577 840 1919......... 2,058, 069 13, 806116 939 1922.......... 3,948,176 13,356,267 ,003 1920.......... 4, 948,276 27,470,774 1,374 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $66,012.80: New work ------- -------------------------------- $3, 208, 109. 23 Maintenance_----- .... -- _-_ -------- ____-- -238, 815. 07 Net total expended.------------------------------3, 446, 924.30 Total appropriations to date of this report --------------- 3, 485, 034. 70 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ 8,991.69 $196, 375.79 $1, 254, 801.44 $322, 095.20 $25, 863.33 Expended for maintenance...... .................... ............................ Appropriated or allotted........ 1,000,000.00 .... ....................................... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---------------------------$49, 598. 94 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 1____________ 374. 79 14, 63, 973.73 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work' 25, 863. 33 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended__----- - ________-- 38, 110. 40 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ------------------ 1, 053. 60 July 1, 1923, balance available --------- __ _____--37, 056. 80 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project - --------------------------------- 4, 041, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance------------------------ 2 20, 000. 00 5. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS, ALLEGHENY RIVER, PA. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Allegheny River, Pa., construction of locks and dams, see pages 1241 to 1244, where general information regarding the improvement can be found. The completed locks and dams have been operated and maintained under the permanent in- definite appropriation as follows: No. 1, since January 1, 1903; No. 2, since November 10, 1906; and No. 3, since November 29, 1904. Recommended modifications of project.-None. 2 Exclusive of available funds. SNot deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PITTSBURGH, PA., DISTRICT.* 1245 Operations and results during fiscal year.-The operation of the lock and movable Dam No. 1 and: locks and fixed Dams Nos. 2 and 3 were continued under normal river conditions and the structures maintained in serviceable condition. At Locks Nos. 1 and 2 the lock power-plant installation was completed and lock wall-cover plates placed and an electric-light system was installed at Lock No. 1. At movable Dam N. 1, 5 horses, props, and wickets were repaired and replaced and 12 similar units removed, repaired, and reinstalled with new horse boxes. The lower lock gaje at Lock No. 1 and upper gate at Lock No. 3 were repaired and timbers partially worked for replacing deteriorated parts above pool levels at the latter. The concrete slope of Dam No. 2 was partially repaired and 50 new deck timbers and 10 range timbers placed on Dam No. 3, where general repairs were also made to abutment, lock walls, and upper guide cribs. At Dam No. 1 the condemned abutment boiler was replaced by a new one and the upper guard crib repaired; repairs were made to miter sills at Lock No. 2, a new gate spar placed at Lock No. 3, and flashboards placed on Dams Nos. 2 and 3. Back filling was placed above Dam No. 2 and 800 tons of large stone below the dam. At Fourteen-mile Island, in pool No. 2, channel dredging was con- tinued throughout the season of 1922 by dredge No. 1, completing a channel 3,200 feet long, 190 feet wide, and 10 feet deep, 181,700 cubic yards being removed. At the foot of Six-mile Island Channel dredging was performed by a hired dredge, 35,280 cubic yards being removed. The patrol of banks to prevent unauthorized deposits and inspection of work under department permits were continued. All work was performed by hired labor. The expenditures were $116,- 514.18 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The three completed locks and dams are in a satisfactory state of repair and the pools are well maintained. The head of slack-water navigation is at Natrona, Pa., 24 miles above the mouth. For controlling depths and condition of locks and dams see report on Allegheny River, Pa., construction of locks and dams, pages 1241 to 1244 of this report. The net total amount spent from the permanent indefinite appropriation to the end of the fiscal year was $1,525,904.57. Proposed operations.-The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-See report for Allegheny River, construc- tion of locks and dams. 6. OHIO RIVER ABOVE BEACH BOTTOM RUN, W. VA. 7. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS NOS. 1 TO 11, INCLU- SIVE, OHIO RIVER. For reports on locks and dams at Emsworth, Pa., and No. 7 and operating and care of Locks and Dams Nod. 1 to 11, Ohio River, see reports on improvement of Ohio River by the construction of locks and dams, and operating and care of locks and dams, Ohio River. 1246 . REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE HUNTINGTON, W. VA., DISTRICT. This district includes all navigable streams (except the Mononga- hela River) in the State of West Virginia, New River in the State of Virginia; Locks and Dams Nos. 12-32, Ohio River, Muskingum River, Ohio; and Big Sandy River, W. Va. and Ky. District engineer: Maj. Malcolm Elliott, Corps of Engineers, to August 14, 1922, and Maj. Milo P. Fox, Corps of Engineers, to April 19, 1923, and Lieut. Col. W. P. Stokey, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineer: Col. C. W. Kutz, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS. Page. Page. 1. Movable dams in Ohio River 5. Operating and care of locks between Beach Bottom and dams on Kanawha Run, near Wellsburg, W. ------ River, W. Va___ _ 1252 Va., and Stouts Run, 6 6. Big Sandy River and Levisa miles below Vanceburg, and Tug Forks, W. Va. Ky--- - 1213 _--------- and Ky ----------------- 255 2. Operating and care of locks 7. Operating and care of locks and dams Nos. 12-26, 28, and dams on Big Sandy 29, and 31, Ohio River-_--- 1228 River, W. Va. and Ky., in- 3. Operating and care of locks cluding Levisa and Tug and dams on Muskingum Forks ____ ____________ 1258 River, Ohio- 1-------------246 4. Operating and care of locks and dams on Little Kana- wha River, W. Va ___-- - 1249 1. MOVABLE DAMS IN OHIO RIVER BETWEEN BEACH BOTTOM RUN, NEAR WELLSBURG, W. VA., AND THE MOUTH OF STOUTS RUN, 6 MILES NORTH OF VANCEBURG, KY. For report on Locks and Dams Nos. 30 and 32, Ohio River, see report on improvement of Ohio River by construction of locks and dams. 2. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS NOS. 12-26, 28, 29, AND 31, OHIO RIVER. For report on operating and care of Locks and Dams Nos. 12-26, 28, 29, and 31, Ohio River, see report on operating and care of locks and dams on Ohio River. 3. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS ON MUSKINGUM RIVER, OHIO. Location and description.-This river, 107 miles in length, is formed at a point near Coshocton, Ohio, by the junction of the Wal- honding and Tuscarawas Rivers, flows in a southerly direction, and empties into the Ohio River at Marietta, Ohio. The improvement section extends from the'mouth to Dresden, Ohio, a distance of 91 miles; and in this section the fall is 1.4 feet per mile and the average width between banks is 600 feet. The drainage area is 1,525 square RIVERS AND HARBORS-HUNTINGTON, W. VA., DISTRICT. 1247 miles out of a total of 7,797 for the entire Muskingum River water- shed. Discharge at low water, 672 second-feet; at highest known water, 325,000 second-feet. High water generally occurs in the spring and low water in the fall months. (See U. S. Geological Survey chart for the State of Ohio; scale, 1: 500,000.) Original condition.-This stream was improved by the State of Ohio from 1837 to 1841 at a cost of about $1,500,000. The United States took over these improvements, consisting of 12 locks, 11 dams, and 5 short lateral canals, in 1887. Through navigation was sus- pended at the time by reason of the condition of the works of im- provement. Two of the dams were broken, and the entire system was badly out of repair. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This authorized the taking over, restoration, maintenance, and operation of the State works and plant to provide slack-water navigation between Lock No. 1, at Marietta, Ohio, and Dresden, Ohio, a distance of 91 miles. This navigation is afforded by 11 locks and dams and 4 short lateral canals, the minimum depth being 5.5 feet. Lock No. 1 has an available width of 56 feet and length of 360 feet. The other locks are 36 by 162.7 feet, except No. 10, which is double (tandem), lock chambers 159 feet long; and No. 11, which is 160.7 feet in length. The navigable depth between Lock No. 1 and the mouth, a distance of 0.25 mile, is provided by Dam No. 18, Ohio River, and by dredging. The usual variations of water level are about 38 feet at the mouth and 24 feet at Lock No. 10 (Zanesville, Ohio), but the flood of 1913 reached a height of 44.5 feet above lower pool at latter point. The original estimate of cost of restoring the dams taken over from the State of Ohio was $200,000. To this was added later the construction of a new lock and dam, No. 11, at a cost of about $143,- 000, the repair and extension of a levee at Dam No. 10, and some minor work, the net total expended from specific appropriations having been $301,722.53. The construction of a new lock, No. 1, was done in connection with the construction of an ice harbor as part of the Ohio River improvement and was not a part of this project. The maintenance of these works is provided for by annual allot- ments from the appropriation for operating and care of canals, etc. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 5, 1886, provided for taking over from the State of Ohio the locks and dams then in existence (Nos. 1 to 10) and the restoration of these works by the United States (H. Doc. No. 48, 49th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of March 3, 1905, provided for the construction of Lock and Dam No. 11 and the ex- tension of the levee at Lock No. 10, and other new work of minor importance (H. Doc. No. 241, 58th Cong., 2d sess.). No map of the river has been published. 61637--ENG 1923------79 1248 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY 1923. The following statement gives the characteristics of the locks and dams : Lock. Dam. Dimen- sions. 90 Type of Cost. No. Location ). Foundation. Kind. construc- tion. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. 1 Marietta, Ohio... 0.25 55.5 360 10.8 14. 8 Piles in gravel. Fixed... Crib...... 1890 $327,500.00 2 Devols, Ohio.... 5.7535.5 160 6.0 10.5 Rock.............do.......do..... 1840 91,000.00 3 Lowell, Ohio... 13.8735.5 160 6.0 14.5 Piles in gravel.. ... do.... ... do..... 1840 160,000.00 4 Beverly, Ohio...24.7135.5 160 6.0 9.4 Gravel........ .. do.. ... do..... 1840 122,000.00 5 Luke Chute, Ohi 32.9735.5 160 6.0 10.9 Rock...........do.... ... do..... 1840 91,000.00 6 Stockport, Ohio. 39.1135.5 160 6.0 12.1 ... do......... .. do.... ... do..... 1840 88,000.00 7 McConnelsville, 48.2235.5 160 6.0 10.1 ... do...........do.......do..... 1840 127,000.00 Ohio. 8 Eagleport Ohio. 56.0035.5 160 6.0 11.0 Piles in gravel.....do... ... do..... 1840 90,000.00 9 Philo, Ohio.... 66.8435.5 160 6.0 11.3 Rock..........d...do....do.do.... 1889 86,000.00 10 Zanesville, Ohio 75.82 35.5 159 7.5 15.1 Rock in gravel. ... do... ... do..... 1840 127,000.00 Con cr e t e 19 10 143, 095. 66 11 Ellis, Ohio. ..... 83.92 35.5 160 7.6 11}Piand rocn el .. do.+... . I Normal lift with Ohio River Dam No. 18 raised. Lock No. 1 has intermediate gate, only lower part usuable. s Double lock, flight of 2, tandem. * Crest of movable dam. ! With movable crest. 6 Crest of fixed dam. Recommended modifications of project.--None. - Local cooperation.-In addition to the work done on this river by the State of Ohio, the act of March 3, 1905, in providing for the con- struction of new'Lock and Dam No. 11, specified that no part of the appropriation for Lock and Dam No. 11 should be expended unless the Secretary of War should have satisfactory assurance that the State of Ohio or other agency would expend a sum of not less than $200,000 on that part of the Ohio Canal system which connects the Muskingum at Dresden, Ohio, with Lake Erie. This amount was expended on this canal, but the flood of March, 1913, so damaged it that it has been out of commission since. Terminal facilities.-Terminal facilities consist of a privately owned wharf boat at Marietta at a point on the Ohio River 600 feet above the mouth of the Muskingum River, numerous small ware- houses, also privately owned, in the cities and villages along the river, and various private and public landings, generally unim- proved, at points accessible to public roads. In a number of in- stances the municipalities own paved wharves on their river fronts which are free to all. None of the landings or warehouses have physical connection or arrangements for interchange of traffic with the railways. The facilities, while somewhat meager, are apparently adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has rendered water transportation easier, safer, and more reliable. Up to the close RIVERS AND HARBORS-HUNTINGTON, W. VA., DISTRICI. 1249 of the season of navigation for 1921 two packet boats each made weekly trips between Zanesville, Ohio, and Pittsburgh, Pa.; since then the trips were continued by one packet. A considerable ton- nage of gravel and coal is transported over the lower pools of the river. Water power has been developed at a number of dams; this is leased by the United States for commercial purposes and is the source of considerable income. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Under allotments from the permanent indefinite appropriation for operating and care of canals and other works of navigation, the completed locks and dams have been operated and maintained in serviceable condi- tion at a total expenditure of $40,614.57. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Repair of such of the old State works as warranted it and the new construction athorized by Con- gress as part of the project have been completed and the works have since been maintained in good condition, the work of maintenance involving operations ranging from minor repairs to partial or com- plete reconstruction. The 6-foot depth provided is ample for the needs of navigation. Suitable plant for assisting in the repair and maintenance of the works and improvement has been provided. The net total expended on the project at the close of the fiscal year from specific appropriations, including an allotment from the deficiency act of 1910, is $301,722.53. The total expended on the project to the close of the fiscal year from allotments from the permanent indefi- nite appropriation for operation and care of canals and other works of navigation is $2,934,776.69. The work of restoration of the old State works was completed about 1891. New Lock and Dam No. 11 was completed in 1910, its cost being about $143,000. Proposed operations.-The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-The commerce consists of sand, gravel, farm products, brick, lumber, and inbound coal. Limit of draft for loaded boats, 5.5 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918........... 89,182 $1,356,898 16,803 1921.......... 104,774 $2, 547,915 4,826 1919........... 78, 201 1, 183, 258 5,180 1922 ......... 94, 917 1,516, 007 4, 834 1920............ 79,838 1,011,822 2, 734 Relative fluctuations of short tons as compared with valuations are due to changes in kind and quality of articles transported. During the calendar year 1922 navigation was suspended 17 days on account of ice. 4. OPERATION AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS ON LITTLE KANAWHA RIVER, W. VA. Location and description.-This river rises on the western slope of Laurel Hill, W. Va., flows northwesterly for about 158 miles, and empties into the Ohio River at Parkersburg, W. Va. It is improved 1250 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923-. for a distance of 48 miles from its mouth. Its drainage area is approximately 2,288 square miles. The river varies in width from 125 feet at Burnsville (122 miles above the mouth) to 300 feet at its mouth. The average fall from Bulltown, at fo6t of mountains and 127 miles from mouth, to Creston, 48 miles from mouth, is 1.6 feet per mile, and from Creston to mouth 1.3 feet per mile. Original condition.-At the time of adoption of original project there were four locks and dams owned by a private corporation, which afforded a navigable depth of 4 feet for 40 miles above the mouth of the river, or 2 miles above Burning Springs, W. Va., the head of steamboat navigation. Above this point the river was ob- structed by logs, bowlders, etc., rendering hazardous the floating of timber (the principal commodity). These four locks (Nos. 1 to 4) were purchased by the United States on November 1, 1905, at a cost of $75,000. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the act approved August 14, 1876. The amount expended on previous proj- ects prior to commencement of operations under the existing project was $214,604.10, of which $213,699.40 was for new work and $904.70 for maintenance. For scope of previous projects see page 1912 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This project provides for five locks with fixed dams, to give a navigable depth of 4 feet from the mouth of the river to Creston, a distance of 48 miles. Under this project one lock and dam (No. 5) was constructed, and four locks and dams (Nos. 1 to 4) were purchased from the Little Kanawha Navigation Co. The ex- treme fluctuations of the river are due to floods, varying from 29.2 feet above low water at Creston, the head of slack-water improve- ment and continuous navigation, to 58.6 feet above low water at the mouth at Parkersburg, where the maximum stage is governed by the Ohio River. The original estimate of cost of Lock and Dam No. 5 was $62,000 for a lock of masonry and a crib dam. The actual cost was $167,875. The original estimate of cost of the purchase and repair of Locks and Dams Nos. 1 to 4 was $163,000. The actual cost was as follows: Purchase of locks and dams-------------------------------$75, 000. 00 Repairs and improvements -------- ---------------- 207, 059. 50 Total ------------------------------- ----------- --- 282, 059. 50 The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 14, 1880, provided for the construction of a lock and dam (No. 5) 2 miles above Burning Springs (Annual Report of 1875, pt. 1, p. 740) ; the act of March 3, 1905, provided for the purchase and repair of Locks and Dams Nos. 1 to 4, inclusive (H. Doc. No. 309, 58th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1904, p. 2607). The latest published map is contained in House Document No. 12, Sixty-third Congress, first session. RIVERS AND HARBORS-HUNTINGTON, We VA., DISTRICT. 1251 Little Kanawha River. Location. Lock dimensions. Available depths over Lift at miter sills at Esti- ock Dis- Greatest normal normal pool levels, Year comple-of mated cost of Lo.k Dis- Greatest Nearest town. tance available Width pools. tion. lock and above length of of. dam. mouth. chamber. Upper. Lower. Miles. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. 1 Parkersburg, W. Va...... 3.5 125 23 6.4 11. 1 10. 2 1874 2 Slate, W. Va............ 14. 5 125 23 11.3 9.7 4.4 1874 2$75,000 3 Elizabeth, W. Va........ 25.5 125 23 11.0 10.9 5.0 1874 4 Palestine, W. Va........ 31. 0 125 23 11. 9 8. 5 4. 1 1874 5 Ivan, W.Va ............ 40.5 125 26 12.4 7.6 4.0 1891 862,000 1Character of foundation, rock; kind of dam, fixed. Type of construction-lock, stone; dam, timber crib filled with stone. Land wall of Lock No. 5 on piles in gravel. s Purchase price. 8 Actual cost, $167,875. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The only terminal facilities on the river are a large wharf boat at the mouth, at Parkersburg, and small wharf boats at Burning Springs, in pool No. 4, and at Creston, at the head of slack water, in pool No. 5. These are privately owned, but avail- able for public use. The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. main- tains a warehouse at the terminus of their Little Kanawha River branch at Owensport, 32 miles from mouth of river and 1 mile above Lock No. 4, at which place transfers are made between boats and railroad. These terminal facilities are adequate for the amount and character of freight available for shipment on this stream. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.). Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made continuous navigation possible over the stretch of river it covers, and its effect extends even farther upstream, as considerable freight is transferred at the head of the improved part to small shallow-draft boats and carried to points farther upstream. At the time of adoption of this project and for some time subsequently the territory along this stream was dependent almost entirely on water transportation. A railroad now exists along the lower 32 miles of the river. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The locks and dams were maintained in good working condition. At Lock No. 1 a guide wall 100 feet in length was reconstructed, and at Lock No. 3 an un- serviceable timber guide crib was replaced by a concrete crib about 60 feet in length; also an old wooden guide wall 61 feet in length was torn out from below the land wall and replaced with a cellular concrete wall to a height of 13.8 feet above pool level. About 43 per cent of the proposed work was completed. The expenditures during the year for operation and maintenance were $29,081.33. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The locks and dams are in fair condition. The maximum draft that can be carried in minimum low water through the channel over the shoalest part of the river be- tween its mouth and Creston is 4 feet; above Creston in open channel it is scarcely 6 inches. 1252 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The total expenditures under existing project at the end of the fiscal year are as follows: New work-------------------------------------------------- $259, 082. 22 Maintenance -------------------------------------------------- 22, 977. 28 From permanent indefinite appropriation ------------------------ 315, 580. 95 Total----------------------------------------597, 640. 45 The project for improvement of this river was completed during the fiscal year 1914. Proposed operations.-The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar years 1918, 1919, 1990, 1921, and 1922, consisting principally of timber products, was as follows: Comparative statement. Floated timber. Year. Tons. Value. Passengers. Tons. Value. 1918.................... ................ 19,072 $2,021,893 8,458 13,096 $119,882 1919 ..................... ......... 22,286 3,647,387 8,822 15,970 377,536 1920............................ 14,391 1,898,757 17,145 13,045 104,036 1921............................ 32,316 3,886, 900 14,542 7,963 78,682 1922.......... ..... ... ......... 32,412 4,464,065 10,212 14,878 144,467 The tonnage and value of floated timber is not included in the amounts shown in columns two and three. The minimum depth of the navigable channel at low water in the improved section of the river is 4 feet. 5. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS ON KANAWHA RIVER, W. VA. Location and description.-This river is entirely in the State of West Virginia, and is formed by the junction of the New and Gauley Rivers a short distance above Kanawha Falls. It flows about 97 miles in a general northwesterly direction, and empties into the Ohio River at Point Pleasant, W. Va. It is improved from its mouth for about 90 miles. Its drainage area is about 12,200 square miles. The fall in the first 12 miles above Lock No. 2 is 4.2 feet per mile, and in the 85 miles from Lock No. 2 to the mouth the fall is 1.1 feet per mile. The width ranges from 600 feet in the upper portion to 700 feet in the lower. The low-water discharge at the mouth is about 1,100 cubic feet per second. The maximum flood discharge at the mouth is estimated at approximately 250,000 cubic feet per second. Original condition.-At the time of the adoption of the original project the States of Virginia and West Virginia had improved the river, chiefly by dredging chutes through the shoals and building wing walls and dikes for the purpose of extending the period of navigation. Tolls were levied on the traffic for paymient of the ex- RIVERS AND HARBORS-HUNTINGTON, W. VA., DISTRICT. 1253 penses of improvement. This work afforded navigation for packets and small freight-carrying barges and flats for about 90 miles above the mouth of the river for a portion of each year. Above Loup Creek (90 miles above mouth) the slope of the river increases so rapidly and the shoals are so numerous and badly obstructed by rocks and bowlders that navigation is unfeasible. Previous projects.-The original project, adopted by the act ap- proved March 3, 1873, was modified by the act approved March 3, 1875. These projects were completed, and the amount expended under them was $50,000. For scope of previous projects see page 1913 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-The existing project provides for eight locks with movable dams and two locks with fixed dams, to furnish a 6-foot navigable depth from the mouth to a point 90 miles above. The extreme fluctuations of the river are due to floods and vary from 36.2 feet above low water at Kanawha Falls, about 5 miles above the head of the slack-water improvement and about 2 miles below where the Kanawha River is formed by the junction of the New and the Gauley Rivers, to 62.1 feet above low water at the mouth at Point Pleasant, W. Va., where the maximum stage is governed by the Ohio River. The original estimate of cost was $4,071,216. The latest approved estimate of cost of the project for new work was $4,158,200. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 12, 1875 (Annual Report for 1875, pt. 2, pp. 90 to 98), which provides for the construction of nine locks with movable dams and three locks with fixed dams. This project was modified by reducing the number of movable dams to eight (Annual Report for 1879, p. 550), and after two of the three fixed dams had been constructed the construction of the third (No. 1) was postponed until its necessity should become more apparent. The latest published map is con- tained in House Document No. 41, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Kanawha River. Available over miterdepths sills Location. Lock dimensions. oveatnormal pool Lift at levels. Lock ' _ I " normal No. pool Distance Greatest levels. Nearest town. above lengthblofUWidth of. Upper. Lower. mouth. Schamber. Miles. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. 2 Montgomery, :. a....... ....... 84.50 271 50 . 33 8.00 8.67 3 Paint Creek, W. Va............... 79.50 272 50 13.67 10.67 7.00 4 Coalburg W. Va. ........... .... 73.25 274 50 7.25 14.00 6.75 5 Marmet, W. Va.................. 67.25 274 50 7.50 14.00 6.50 6 Charleston, W. Va................. 54.00 313 55 8.50 15.25 6.75 7 St. Albans, W. Va................. 44.00 313 55 8.25 15.00 6.75 8 Winfield W. Va................. 36.00 313 55 8. 00 16.25 8. 25 9 Fraziers Bottom, W. Va........... 25.25 313 55 6.25 13.75 7.50 10 Buffalo, W. Va ............... ..... 19. 00 313 55 7. 00 14. 00 7. 00 11 Point Pleasant, W. Va............ 1.75 313 55 5.65 17.00 11.35 1T e construction of this lock and dam has been omitted from the project. 1254 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Kanawha River-Continued. Type of construction. com-of lock Year of Costand Lock Character of Kind of dam. No. foundation. pletion. dam. 11 ..................................................... 2 Rock......... Fixed.............. Lock stone; dam, timber crib filled 1887 608 s353, with stone. 3 ..... do........... do....... ..... .... do........ .......... 1882 8490,000 4 .... do.......... Movable Chanoine.. Lock, stone; dam, concrete, iron, and 1880 a 275, 000 timber. 5 ..... do.........do................ do.........................1880 3275,000 6 .... do............ do........... .... do......... ...... ...... 1886 337,625 7 ..... do ........... do.................do..........................1893 2 341,136 8 ... do............ do.................do.....1893 2281,975 9 ... do...... .. ...... ..... do......... .... ........... 1898 2 307,120 10 .... do......... do .......... .... do ...................... .... 1898 2 282,006 11 Hardpan.........do .................. do................................. 1898 2637,803 1 The construction of this lock and dam has been omitted from the project. sActual. 8 Estimated. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The only public terminal facilities on this river consist of a paved wharf and a wharf boat at Charleston for handling packet shipments. Numerous coal tipples owned by private parties exist, available for use only to the owners for loading coal mined by them into barges. The existing public terminals are inadequate for any extensive shipping. How much the lack of such facilities has contributed to the decline of miscellaneous traffic can not be stated, but probably to a considerable extent. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement of this river has ren- dered transportation by water easier, safer, and continuous, so far as sufficient navigable depth of water is concerned. It has made pos- sible the marketing of immense quantities of coal mined in the valley. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The locks and dams were operated as required and necessary repairs made. A contract was made for the construction of a steel barge to replace a wooden barge belonging to the dredging fleet, and specifications prepared for a steel derrick boat to replace the Captain Turtle. A survey of the Kanawha River from Kanawha Falls to Lock No. 5 was undertaken to determine what improvements were necessary for navigation and possible auxiliary water-power development, and the field work com- pleted. The expenditures during the year for operation and mainte- nance were $162,276.92. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The river is improved by a system of two fixed (Nos. 2 and 3) and eight movable (Nos. 4 to 11) dams with locks. The structures are in fairly good condition. The maxi- mum draft that can be carried at low water through the channel over the shoalest part of the river between its mouth and a point about 2 miles below Loup Creek Shoals (88 miles above the mouth of the river) is 6 feet, with the pools full. Above that point the mini- mum depth in the open channel is less than 1 foot. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year are as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-HUNTINGTON, W. VA., DISTRICT. 1255 New work ------------------------------------------------ $4, 248, 041. 93 From permanent indefinite appropriation----------------------.. 2, 606, 546. 73 Total ------------------------------------- 6, 854, 588. 66 The project for the improvement of this river was completed dur- ing the fiscal year 1914. Proposed operations.-The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-The commerce for the calendar years 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, and 1922, consisting principally of coal prod- ucts, was as follows: Comparative statement. Floated timber. Year. Tons. Value. Passengers. Tons. Value. 1918......................... 1,276,192 $10,639, 859 8,115 679 $5,329 1919 ......................... 892, 253 12, 138, 677 2, 267 312 7, 488 1920............................. 1,451,084 9,304,983 1,105 273 2,138 1921 ............................ 1,118, 691 8, 778,335 2,765 220 1,980 1922........................... 942,451 8,746,201 2,235 157 1,498 The tonnage and value of floated timber is not included in the amounts shown in columns two and three. The minimum depth of the navigable channel at low water in the improved section of the river is 6 feet. 6. BIG SANDY RIVER AND LEVISA AND TUG FORKS, W. VA. AND KY. Location and description.-The Big Sandy River, which is non- tidal, is formed at Louisa, Ky., by the junction of the Levisa and Tug Forks, flows nearly due north for 27 miles, and empties into the Ohio River at Catlettsburg, Ky., about 10 miles below Huntington, W. Va. Levisa Fork rises in southwestern Virginia, is 142 miles long, and flows north; and Tug Fork rises in West Virginia, is 137 miles long, and flows northwest. The drainage area of the Big Sandy and forks is 4,182 square miles, and the discharge at extreme low water about 100 second-feet. The extreme high-water discharge is not known. The extreme low-water stage ordinarily obtains in October and November and the high-water stage in the winter and spring months. The slope is somewhat in excess of 1 foot per mile in the main stream and from 1.3 to 1.8 per mile in the forks. The width of the improved section varies from 250 to 400 feet on the main river and 150 to 300 feet in the forks. (See U. S. Geological Survey chart for States of West Virginia and Kentucky; scale, 1:500,000.) Original condition.-These streams were obstructed by snags, bowlders, leaning trees, etc. The channel at moderate stages was about 30 to 50 feet in width and 2 to 4 feet in depth, and during the late summer and fall months depths were reduced to a few inches. 1256 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. At good stages steamboats ascended to Pikeville, on Levisa Fork, and Pond Creek, on Tug Fork, distances of 88.5 and 58.1 miles, re- spectively, above Louisa, the junction, 27 miles from the mouth. Rafts of logs and push boats were run from points some 20 or 30 miles above the boating limits. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the act of July 18, 1878, and modified by the acts of June 14, 1880, and July 13, 1892. Total expenditure on original and modified projects, $380,431.16. For further details of previous project see Annual Report for 1915, page 1929. Existing project.-This provides for three locks and dams on the main river, two locks and dams each on Levisa Fork and Tug Fork, and regulating works below Lock No. 1, reaching to the Ohio River. This plan of improvement is designed to give, in connection with the pool formed by Dam No. 29, Ohio River, a slack-water depth of 6 feet from the Ohio River to Louisa, Ky., 27 miles, and thence to Whitehouse, Ky., on Levisa Fork, and to Calf Creek, Ky., on Tug Forks, 27 and 22 miles, respectively, above Louisa. The clearing of the works above slack-water limits to Pikeville on Levisa Fork and to Pond Creek on Tug Fork is also included in the project. The locks have available dimensions of 55 by 158 feet, except No. 3, which is 52 by 158 feet. The usual variations of water level are about 50 feet in lower part and 35 feet in upper part of river, extreme heights of more than 60 feet being reached when the Ohio River is in flood. Exclusive of amount expended on previous project, the original estimated cost for channel improvement was $15,000, and that for one lock and dam (at Louisa, Ky.) was $60,000, which was later increased several times till it reached $213,237.39. Later the plan was modified to substitute movable for fixed dam, and the cost was still further increased, the works eventually costing $349,155.82. The estimate of cost for new work is $526,250, exclusive of amounts heretofore expended. The maintenance of these works is provided for by annual allotments from the appropriation for operating and care of canals, etc. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 14, 1880, provided for the construction of lock near Louisa, Ky.; the act of July 13, 1892, provided for a movable dam at lock near Louisa, Ky. (H. Doc. No. 25, 52d Cong., 1st sess.); act of March 3, 1899, provided for construction of two locks and dams on main stream (H. Doc. No. 456, 55th Cong., 2d sess.); act of June 13, 1902, provided for removal of obstructions and construction of one lock and movable dam each on Levisa and Tug Forks, and raising crest of Dam No. 3; act of March 3, 1905, provided for regulating works at mouth of river; act of March 3, 1907, provided for the construction of a service bridge at Dam No. 1. No map of the river has been published. The following statement gives the characteristics of the locks a rid dams included in this project. RIVERS AND HARBORS-HUNTINGTON, W. VA., DISTRICT. 1257 Lock. Location. Dimensions. " _ Dam- . No. Type of ' oo.f construc- C " 0 p 0' Founda- tion. tion.' Nearest town. 0 .oo w ) ).0 Miles. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. 1 Catlettsburg, Ky. 0. 3 54. 5 159. 5 13.5 9. 0 Sandstone Concrete.. 1905 $318, 417.64 2 Buchanan, Ky... 12.9 54.5 159. 5 12.6 6.0 ... do..........do....... 1905 278, 893.10 3 Louisa, Ky ...... 26. 6 51.5 157. 5 10.6 7.8 .-. do....... Stone and 1897 396, 304.98 concrete. iL Gallup, Ky ...... 34. 8 54. 5 159. 5 11.0 8.7 ... do....... Concrete.. 1910 250,128.70 2L Richardson, Ky.. 44. 3 54. 5 ...... 12. 0 ......... do.........do...... (2) 3 272, 500. 00 IT Saltpeter,W.Va. 30.4 54.5 159.5 12.0 7.7 Piles in ... do....... 1910 268,452.26 gravel. 2T Webb, W. Va.... 38.1 54.5 ....... 12 .0 ...... Sandstone. ... do....... (2) 3 253,750.00 1 All movable dams. 2Not built. 3 Estimated. Recommended modifications of project.-Recommendation was made September 8, 1914, that the slack-water improvement of the Tug and Levisa Forks be discontinued (H. Doc. No. 1159, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-No terminal facilities have been provided. There is no physical connection between rail and river traffic, ex- cept for the transfer of crossties, and no arrangement for exchange of commerce. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has rendered water transportation safer and more continuous. Traffic has increased, due to oil development, and coal operators contemplate development of their properties by reason of slack-water facilities. The improve- ment has had no effect on freight rates either by rail or water. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Furtherimprovement by the construction of locks and dams has been suspended pending action of Congress on recommended modification of the project in House Document No. 1159, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 70 per cent completed. On June 30, 1923, Locks and Dams Nos. 1, 2, and 3, on Big Sandy River, and Nos. 1 on each of Levisa and Tug Forks, were completed and in operation, and the sites for Locks and Dams Nos. 2 on each fork had been selected but not yet pur- chased. The crest of Dam No. 3 had been raised, the service bridge provided at Dam No. 1, Big Sandy, and the regulating works at the mouth of the river were completed. A 6-foot slack-water depth, considerably reduced by sand bars which form near the heads of pools at times of floods, now exist in Big Sandy River from the Ohio River to about 18 miles up Levisa Fork and 12 miles up Tug Fork, and above these points the. river has been cleaned of ob- structions so as to facilitate push-boat navigation and rafting to above Pikeville, on Levisa Fork, and Pond Creek, on Tug Fork. This depth is sometimes reduced to 4 feet or even less. 1258 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The expenditures on the existing project were $1,269,162.58, of which $1,204,304.92 was for new work and $64,857.66 for main- tenance. Proposed operations.-None. Commercial statistics.--The commerce consists largely of saw logs and crossties, with scattered shipments of scrap iron, farm products, and general merchandise. Draft for loaded boats is limited to 6 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918...........77, 231 $1,212,895 i............ 19211.........42, 173 $676,846 .......... 1919........... 111,012 2, 580, 723 5 1922......... 573 59, 904,165 ......... 1920........... 66,159 1,612,170......... 1 Includes 37,360 tons of saw logs valued at $548,320, which were rafted. Increase in tonnage and value of commerce during calendar year 1919 was due to conditions resulting from the war. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,721.79: New work ----------------------------------------- $1, 584, 736. 08 Maintenance 6------------------------- 4, 857. 66 Net total expended----- 649, 593. 74 1---------------------------, Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------1, 649, 603. 74 FiScal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.................__........................... Expended formaintenance.... ............ I. ......................................... Appropriated orallotted............................. ........................... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended --------------------------------$10 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ----------------------------------- 10 7. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS ON BIG SANDY RIVER, W. VA. AND KY., INCLUDING LEVISA AND TUG FORKS. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for improving Big Sandy River and Levisa and Tug Forks, W. Va. and Ky. See pages 1255 to 1258, where gen- eral information can be found. The completed locks and dams have been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite ap- propriation since the date given opposite each: No. 1. Big Sandy, February 1, 1905. No. 2. Big Sandy, May 10, 1905. No. 3. Big Sandy, January 1, 1897. No. 1. Levisa Fork, January 1, 1910. No. 1. Tug Fork, January 1, 1910. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CINCINNATI, OHIO, DISTRICT. 1259 Operations and results during fscal year.-The completed locks and dams and accessory plant have been operated and maintained in good condition during the year, with the exception of No. 1, Levisa Fork, where extensive repairs to lock gate were being made, and at No. 1, Big Sandy River, for a period of 17 days in June, where re- pairs to pass were being made. The expenditures during the year were $38,182.63. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Since these works have been completed they have been operated and maintained in good condition, necessary repairs and alterations have been made from time to time, and suitable plant for maneuvering the dams, cleaning out the locks and their approaches, and repairing movable parts of locks and dams have been provided. On June 30, 1923, the works were in good con- dition, except the upper lock gate of No. 1, Levisa Fork, which has been out of commission for some time. However, the necessary mate- rials for repairs are being procured. With the above exception, the works afforded adequate facilities for the needs of existing navigation on these streams. The total expenditures from the indefinite appro- priation to June 30, 1923, aggregate $539,389.52: Proposed operations.-The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-See preceding report on Big Sandy River and Tug and Levisa Forks, W. Va. and Ky. EXAMINATION AND SURVEY REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED SEPTEMBER 22, 1922. The local engineer was charged with the duty of making a pre- liminary examination and survey provided for by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, of Kanawha River, TW. Va., and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE CINCINNATI, OHIO, DISTRICT. For general improvement work, this district includes the Ohio River frontage of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, West Virginia, and Ken- tucky, extending from the Pennsylvania State Line to the mouth of the river, a distance of 928.7 miles. It also has charge of simi- lar work on the Licking River, Ky., and the Kentucky River, Ky. For lock and dam construction, the district comprises the stretch of the Ohio River from Stouts Run, 1.6 miles below Dam No. 32, near Vanceburg, Ky., to 1.5 miles above Madison, Ind., a distance of 170 miles, within which are located Dams Nos. 33 to 40, both in- clusive; also, all work of this nature on the Kentucky River, Ky. District engineer: Lieut. Col. E. N. Johnston, Corps of Engineers, to June 29, 1923, and Maj. A. K. B. Lyman, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineer: Col. C. W. Kutz, Corps of Engineers. 1260 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. IMPROVEMENTS. Page. Page. 1. Ohio River (general improve- 9. Operating and care of Lock ment) -------------------- 1260 and Dam No. 33, Ohio 2. Construction of Lock and River ------------------- 1228 Dam No. 33, Ohio River__ 1213 10. Operating and care of Lock 3. Construction of Lock and and Dam No. 35, Ohio Dam No. 34, Ohio River_ 1213 River ------------------- 1228 4. Construction of Lock and 11. Operating and care of Lock Dam No. 35, Ohio River___ 1213 and Dam No. 37, Ohio 5. Construction of Lock and River ------------------- 1228 Darn No. 36, Ohio River.__ 1213 12. Operating and care of Lock 6. Construction in connection and Dam No. 39, Ohio with Lock and Dam No. River ------------------- 1228 37, Ohio River_____ 1213 13. Operating snag boats on the 7. Construction of Lock and Ohio River __ 1263 Dam No. 38, Ohio River___ 1213 14. Kentucky River, Ky.------- 1264 8. Construction of Lock and 15. Operating and care of locks Dam No. 39, Ohio River___ 1213 and dams on Kentucky River, Ky1---------------267 1. OHIO RIVER (GENERAL OPEN-CHANNEL WORK). Location, description, and original condition.--For information relative to the location, description, and original condition of this stream, see pages 1212 to 1231 of this report relating to the improve- ment of the Ohio River by the construction of locks and dams. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-The project originally covered the entire length of the Ohio River from Cairo to Pittsburgh, a distance of 968.5 miles, and still applies to that portion of the waterway which is not controlled by locks and dams. It was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1827. No project depth has been fixed by Congress, but it has been found necessary, to properly aid packet and barge navigation, to secure a low-water channel having a minimum depth of from 4 to 6 feet and a width, according to the difficulty of running the channel, of from 400 to 600 feet; and to permit the movement of large coal tows, which movement occurs at stages of water exceeding 10 feet, it has been found necessary to remove the points of projecting bars which form at various points along the river, but mainly at the mouths of creeks and other tributaries. The accomplishment of this two- fold purpose has involved the concentration of current by closing back channels at islands with low dams, the contraction and straight- ening of wide open channels by low dikes, the dredging of bars and shoals, and the removal of snags and wrecks. The extreme range of river stages varies from 32.9 feet at Pitts- burgh, Pa., to 69.2 feet at Cincinnati, Ohio, with 46.7 feet at Louis- ville, Ky. (head of the falls), 48.1 feet at Evansville, Ind., and 56.2 feet at Cairo, Ill. (mouth of the river). Incidental to the direct improvement of the Ohio is the mainte- nance of existing- works, including dikes, dams, and ice piers; also harbor lines below mouth of Big Sandy River. From the beginning of the improvement in 1827 up to June 30, 1923, inclusive, a period of 97 years, there has been a total expendi- ture of about $10,130,000, or an average per year of $104,500. This RIVERS AND HARBORS-CINCINNATI, OHIO, DISTRICT. 1261 yearly expenditure has not, however, been uniform. The general improvement of the Ohio River will be necessary, but at a diminish- ing annual cost, after the canalization of the river has been com- pleted. (For map see p. 2548, Annual Report, Chief of Engin neers,, 1913.) Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of Febru- ary 9, 1922, the Chief of Engineers recommended to Congress that the construction of ice piers be regarded as a part of the approved project for the general improvement of the Ohio River, the piers to be built with funds allotted from the appropriations for the general improvement of the river (see H. Doc. No. 187, 67th Cong., 5d sess.). Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-A complete report on water terminal facili- ties on the Ohio River from Pittsburgh to Cairo is contained in House Document No. 652, Sixty-sixth Congress, second session. Effect of improvement.-The improvements thus far made and maintained have made navigation safer, easier, and more regular; as transportation by river has become more dependable, interest has been stimulated in the revival of such commerce on a large scale. Light-draft local freight and passenger service can be carried on even at low-water periods, fairly convenient .channels having been provided at such places as have not as yet been affected by slack-water improvement. Although rates by river have not as yet shown a marked decrease, present and future improvements, which will reduce the danger of river transportation, should have a favorable influence in this direc- tion. In this connection reference is made to report of 1906 by the Ohio River Board' (H. Doc. No. 492, 60th Cong., 2d sess.), in which state- ments are made of present and prospective commerce and the effects of improvements on freight rates, etc. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-During the long season of dead low water, the lowest on record in the lower Ohio River, all available dredging plant was employed in the removal of such bars and deposits as was necessary to keep the river navigable. Due to the stage of river, the existence of a railroad strike, the exceedingly high price of coal, the extensive repairs made to steam- boats and dredges, the increase in rates of pay for pilots and en- gineers, and the comparatively small quantity to be dredged at each of the many locations, the gross cost per cubic yard of the excava- tion was higher than that of the preceding year. Dredging operations in open river and at locks under construc- tion were carried on in 44 localities by the U. S. dipper dredges, Ohio, Oswego, Marietta, Cincinnati, and Virginia; the U. S. pipe- line dredge Indiana;the pipe-line dredges Delta and Cahaba, rented from the Memphis and Florence districts, respectively; and the hired dipper dredge Pelican. The dipper dredge Kanawha, belonging to the Pittsburgh district, and the dipper dredges Louisville, Casey, and Nolon River, belonging to the Louisville district, were rented for short periods of time only. The amount of material dredged was 1,727,363 cubic yards, of which about 1,357,865 cubic yards was in connection with open channel work and the remainder in connection with construction work in progress at the locks and dams in this district. 1262 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. A contract was entered into on the 8th day of February, 1923, for the construction of a new 24-inch pipe-line dredge for use on the Ohio River; material for this work has been assembled at the yard of the contractor. E~gines for the dredge are practically com- pleted. The total amount expended for all work under this project during the fiscal year was $647,258.56, of which $51,560.25 was for new work and $595,698.31 was for maintenance. Conditions at the end of the fiscal year.-Owing to the character of the work and the absence of any plan covering in detail the entire work to be done, it is impossible to estimate what proportion the work done bears to that which will ultimately be accomplished. The original plan of improvement has been modified in late years by the construction of locks and movable dams (to provide a 9-foot stage) under separate appropriations, but the general improvement project as outlined above is still necessary, although to a lessened extent, to provide for navigation when the dams are lowered. In the pools formed by the movable dams 9-foot navigation is possible, but at other points the depth varies from 1 to 3 feet over shoals at extreme low water which usually occurs in the fall months. The amount expended is $10,131,520, of which $6,747,937.94 was for new work and $3,383,582.06 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-With the balance unexpended, it is pro- posed to continue dredging operations with the four dipper dredges and one pipe-line dredge now being used on open-channel work and belonging to the United States, and with one new pipe-line dredge now being constructed for the United States; make repairs to low dikes and dams, including shore protection; supervision of harbor lines and permits, and make such minor examinations and surveys as may be required. It is estimated that all funds available June 30, 1923, will be ex- hausted by June 30, 1924. The sum of $500,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, as follows: Dredging operations: Operating four dipper dredges and four tenders-------------- $230, 000 Operating one pipe-line dredge (Indiana) and tender----------- 85, 000 Operating one pipe-line dredge (C. B. Harris), three shifts ... - 100, 000 Removal of rock bar-Falling Run 23, 000 Harbor lines and permits-------------------------------------6, 000 General administration -------------------------------------- 34, 000 Contingencies ------------------------- 22, 000 Total -------------- ------------------------------ 500, 000 Commercial statistics.-For information relative to commercial statistics see report relating to the improvement of the Ohio River by the construction of locks and dams, page 1226. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $43,746.02: New work ------- -------------------------------$6, 747, 937. 94 Maintenance-.---------------------------- --- 3, 383; 582. 06 Net total expended------------------------------ 10, 1813,520.00 Total appropriations to date of this report ------------------ 10, 681,273. 86 RIVERS AND HARBORS-CINCINNATI, OHIO, DISTRICT. 1263 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 $66, 658.39 Expended for new work 1........ $29, 096.52 .......................... 851,560. 26 Expended for maintenance 1.... 173, 853.04 158, 704.77 $251,591.35 $276, 453.77 595, 698. 31 Total expended 1............ 240,512.33 187, 801.29 251,591.35 276, 453.77 647,258. 56 Appropriated or allotted...;..... 300, 000.00 .............. 285, 000.00 435, 000.00 000.00 725, July 1, 1922, balance unexpended __-.. $485, 980. 54 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923 ......... 375, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 30, 1922_ 350, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 _.............. 2, 629. 06 1, 213, 609. 60 Deduction on account of amount transferred to Dam No. 33, Ohio River_----------- -------- 16, 597. 68 1,197, 011. 92 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 For new work --- _____-----------$51, 560. 25 For maintenance -------------------------- 595, 698. 31 647, 258. 56 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------------------- 549, 753. 36 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities 642.83 1-----------124, July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts----------------------------------- 320,212.75 444, 855. 58 July 1, 1923, balance available________----------------------------- 104, 897. 78 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work and for maintenance------------- 500, 000. 00 2-12. OHIO RIVER, CONSTRUCTION OF LOCKS AND DAMS NOS. 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, AND 39, AND OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS NOS. 33, 35, 37, AND 39. For reports on construction of Locks and Dams Nos. 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, and 39, Ohio River, and operating and care of Locks and Dams Nos. 33, 35, 37, and 39, Ohio River, see report on improvement of Ohio River by construction of locks and dams. 13. OPERATING SNAG BOATS ON THE OHIO RIVER BELOW THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE LINE. The improvement for which report is made under this caption is an outgrowth of the project for improving Ohio River (general improvement) for which report is made on pages 1260 to 1263 of this report, where general information regarding the improvement can be found. The cost of removing snags, wrecks, and other obstruc- tions on the Ohio River was borne by the appropriation for general improvement until 1890, when the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, authorized an annual expenditure of not to exceed $25,000 for removing snags, wrecks, and other obstructions in the Ohio River. This amount was increased to $50,000 by section 3 of the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896. (See map following p. 2548, Annual Report for 1913.) 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 61637-ENG 1923-----80 1264 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1*23. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Effect of improvement.-The benefits accruing from this work to river commerce are plainly shown by the yearly reports of obstruc- tions removed, which obstructions, if permitted to remain, would make navigation highly dangerous at ordinary stages and hazardous at any time. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-The U. S. snag boat E. A. Woodruff was engaged at Dam No. 36, Ohio River, during the months of June and July in the removal of steel sheet piles from the cofferdam. The light-draft snagging outfit, Iroquois and Mingo, made a trip from Cincinnati, Ohio, to the Pennsylvania State line, removing numerous snags from the channel. Two dipper dredges of this dis- trict did some snagging work on their way to dredging grounds in the upper river. The amount expended was $33,024.75. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Owing to natural causes, snags, etc., are continually being deposited into the river and wrecks are of frequent occurrence, rendering continuous work necessary to provide for unobstructed navigation. For this reason no statement can be given of the proportion of the work accomplished. The existing plant is, however, sufficient to keep the river thoroughly clear of obstructions. The total amount expended to the end of the fiscal year for maintenance was $1,116,728.90. Proposed operations.-No estimate is made, as funds for carrying on operations under this project are provided for by the permanent annual appropriation authorized by act of June 3, 1896. The annual allotment of $50,000 is not sufficient to keep existing plant in opera- tion for the entire working season at the present prices of coal, labor, and supplies. Commercial statistics.-See report relating to the improvement of the Ohio River by the construction of locks and dams. 14. KENTUCKY RIVER, KY. Location and description.-The Kentucky River is formed near Beattyville, Ky., by the junction of the North, Middle, and South Forks, which rise in southeastern Kentucky, and flows in a north- westerly direction for about 255 miles to the Ohio River at Carroll- ton,' Ky. The drainage area is 5,904 square miles and the discharge at extreme low water is about 100 second-feet. The extreme high- water discharge is not known. The low-water stages ordinarily occur during October and November and high-water stages in the winter and spring months. The river has an average fall of about 0.8 foot per mile. The width of the improved section in the lower part is about 400 feet and in upper part 250 to 300 feet. (See U. S. Geological Survey chart for State of Kentucky; scale, 1: 500,000.) Original condition.-The State of Kentucky built five locks and dams, providing slack water in the river from a point 4 miles above its mouth to a point near Oregon, Ky., a distance of 93 miles, com- pleting the work about 1844, at a cost of about $780,000. These works were taken over by the General Government in 1879, and were, in general, in bad condition and unable to maintain depths suitable for navigation. The river above slack water was not available for steamboat navigation, except at times of freshets, the channel being RIVERS AND HARBORS-CINCINNATI, OHIO, DISTOICT. 1265 only about 30 to 50 feet in width and with very small depths. Log rafts were able to come out from the upper river on moderate rises and push-boat navigation was carried on to and above Beattyville. Previous projects.-Nonc. Existing project.-The project provides for 14 locks and fixed dams to give, in connection with the improvement of the Ohio River, a slack-water navigation of 6 feet minimum depth from the Ohio River to points on the three forks a short distance above Beattyville, Ky. The total length of pool water is about 280 miles. The river ordinarily rises to a height of 50 feet in the lower part and 30 feet in the upper part. The extreme height due to floods from Ohio River backwater exceeds 65 feet in lower sections and occasional floods exceed 40 feet in the upper pools. The original estimate of cost, which contemplated the rehabilita- tion of the State locks and dams and the extension of slack water to the three forks at Beattyville, was $1,074,402, revised later to $4,865,550 for its completion. The maintenance of these works is provided for by annual allotments from the appropriation for oper- ating and care of canals, etc. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor agt of March 3, 1879, in accordance with the report published in House Document No. 47, Forty-fifth Congress, third session. No map of the river has been published. The following statement shows the characteristics of the several locks and dams in this project: Lock. Location. Dimensions. Great- est Depth When avail- Lift of on Founda o W-n ab le MilesNCleart lock. lower tion. pieted. Nearest town from width length mouth. (full miter width sill. of lock). Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. 11 Carrollton, Ky....... 4.0 37 145 17.0 6.8 Rock and clay. 12 Lockport, Ky...... 31.0 38 145 13.9 6.1 Rock......1884 $1,30,38486 13 Gest, Ky........... 42.0 38 145 12. 5 6. 5 .....do..... 14 Frankfort Ky...... 65.0 38 145 13.9 6.7 ... do..... 5 Tyrone, Ky......... 2.2 38 145 14.5 6.4 ..... do..... 16 Salvisa, Ky.......... 6.2 52 147 14.4 6.0 Rock and 1894 314,846.70 piles. 17 High Bridge, Ky.... 117.0 52 148 15.3 6. 9 Rock...... 1897 290, 768.44 1 8 Little Hickman, Ky. 139.2 52 146 18.0 6.0 .....do... 1900 275. 463. 14 39 Valley View, Ky.... 157.0 52 148 18.0 6.0 do..... ..... 1903 237,645.75 '10 Ford, Ky........... 176.5 52 148 17.0 6.0 .....do..... 1904 221,499.58 $11 College Hil, Ky..... 200. 0 52 148 18.0 6.0 .....do..... 1906 296, 592.95 412 Ravenna y........ 220.8 52 148 18.0 6.0 .....do..... 1910 425,693.33 413 Willow, Ky......... 239.5 52 148 18.0 7.0 .....do..... 1915 460, 365.52 414 Heidelberg, Ky...... 248.5 52 148 18.0 7. 0 ..... do..... 1917 392, 902.06 1 Fixed dam, crib construction. 2Built by the State of Kentucky. Cost is given for repairs by United States only. s Fixed dam, concrete construction. 4 Fixed dam, concrete construction, movable crest. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-With the exception that the lower five locks and dams were built by the State of Kentucky, there has been no local cooperation, Terminal facilities.-For general merchandise and miscellaneous freight practically no terminal facilities exist except a wharf boat 1.266 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. in the Ohio River at the mouth of the Kentucky River and a num- ber of small, poorly kept warehouses along the stream. Such facili- ties as exist are operated for profit and are privately owned. With the exception of a few tie hoists and sawmills and a gravel plant there is no physical connection between water and rail terminals and no mutual contract for the interchange of traffic. At and near Beattyville coal is mined and shipped by water in barges, and large tanks are provided for the storage of oil, which is shipped in barges. This commerce is on the increase and it is expected that considerable development will follow increased production now in sight. Effect of improvement.-The effect of improvement has been to render navigation safer, better, and easier; without the slack-water pools, coal and oil now shipped from the upper river in barges could not come, even at times of freshets. The running of logs has been benefited in that large fleets of rafts can be run on slack water with two or three men, while the rapid currents of an open river would necessitate two men to each raft of small size for its guidance. From the mouth of the river to Frankfort, Ky., the adjacent country is wholly dependent on the river for the receipt and shipment of sup- plie. and produce. Above Frankfort the river is reached by railroads at a number of points and the water-borne commerce of the above character is not of importance, but this part of the river is largely and increasingly used for transportation of coal, crude oil, fluorspar, and calcite in bulk. Operations during the fiscal year.-No work was done in connec- tion with the improvement during the year. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The work accomplished under the project to the close of the fiscal year has been the rehabilitation of the five old State locks and dams and the construction of new Locks and Danm Nos. 6 to 14, inclusive. A slackwater depth of 6 feet now exists from the Ohio River to the head of pool formed by Dam No. 14, or 260 miles. Work under the project has been com- pleted and nothing remains to be done. No further reports will be submitted under this caption. Future operations will be carried under the report on operating and care of locks and dams on Ken- tucky River, Ky. The total expenditures to June 30, 1923, were $4,175,639.05, all of which was for new work except a small amount expended for maintenance which it is now impracticable to separate. Proposed operations.-None. Commercial statistics.-The principal downstream commerce is timber in the log from headwaters, coal from pool 14, and oil from the Beattyville field, while the inbound commerce from the Ohio River consists of coal and general merchandise. Farm products and fluorspar are also shipped outbound in the lower 100 miles of the stream. The prevailing draft of boats handling this commerce is 5 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passen- Calendar Short tons. Value. assn- ye Ir. - gers. ,year. gers. 1918.......... 123, 939 '$2, 303,244. 45 3,671 1921.......... 256,336 $3,271,619. 45 50, 000 1919........ 160, 752 4,001,986.70 16,430 1922.... ...... 1 296, 381 3, 927, 316. 05 s 75, 081 1920.......... 208,484 3,573,683.60 29, 100 1 Included 49,562 tons of rafted logs and railroad ties. SOf this number, 68,380 were excursionists in pool 4. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CINCINNATI, OHIO, DISTRICT. 1267 The number of short tons is an increase of about 16 per cent over 1921 calendar year, while the value of same is about 20 per cent more than in 1921. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $10,757.40: New work-------------------------------- $4, 175, 639. 05 Maintenance_ Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------4, 175, 639. 05 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1...... 1, 683.08 .............. $390.32 $543.66... Expended for maintenance.........................................._............. Appropriated or allotted................ .... ................ .......... ............. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended----------------------------- 1$417.29 Deduction on account of amount carried to surplus fund of the Treasury-------------- --------------------------------- 417. 29 15. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS ON KENTUCKY RIVER, KY. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for improving Kentucky River, Ky. See pages 1264 to 1267, where general information can be found. The completed locks and dams have been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since the dates given opposite each: No. 1, 1884. No. 8, October 15, 1900. No. 2, 1884. No. 9, December 3, 1903. No. 3, 1884. No. 10, January 12, 1905. No. 4, 1884. No. 11, January 1, 1907. No. 5, 1884. No. 12, November 1, 1910. No. 6, July 1, 1894. No. 13, November 14, 1914. No. 7, December 11, 1897. No. 14, January 21, 1917. Operationand results during the fiscal year.-The locks and dams and accessory plant have been maintained in good condition. Some interruption to traffic was caused by high water, repairs, and deposit of silt and heavy drift at the lock entrances, during the win- ter and spring months. The total expenditures for the year were $202,316.77. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The works have been maintained in good condition. Necessary repairs and additions have been made and suitable plant for assisting in the operation and care of the locks and dams has been provided. The works are now in fairly good condition and afford a controlling depth of 6 feet, which is adequate for all navigation, except loaded coal barges. The total expenditures from the permanent indefinite appropriation to June 30, 1923, are $4,335,892.15. Proposed operations.-The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- 1Changed from amount reported in last year's report due to a reimbursement. 1268 REPORT OF CHIEF OF EIGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-For commercial statistics, see preceding report on Kentucky River, Ky. EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED MARCH 2, 1919, AND SEPTEMBER 22, 192 2. The division engineer, Central Division, was charged with the duty of making a preliminary examination and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of March 2, 1919, and September 22, 1922, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when re- ceived; 1. Canal connecting Lake Erie with the Ohio River via the Miami and Erie Canal, Ohio, or other routes, including a branch canal con- necting Lake Michigan (funds for which were provided by the War Department appropriation act of June 30, 1922). 2. Preliminaryexamination and report on a waterway from a point at or near Erie Harbor, Pa., by way of French Creek and Allegheny River, to the Ohio River. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE LOUISVILLE, KY., DISTRICT. This district comprises that part of Kentucky included within the watersheds west of that of the Kentucky River and north of that of the Cumberland River, the basin of the Wabash River in Indiana and Illinois, the falls of the Ohio River at Louisville, Ky., and the existing and proposed locks and dams in the Ohio River between Madison, Ind., and Mound City, Ill. District engineer: Lieut. Col. G. R. Lukesh, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. C. W. Kutz, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS. Page. Page. 1. Falls of Ohio River at Louis- 11. Locations of Dams Nos. 46, ville, Ky. (Lock and Dam 49, 50, 51, 52, and 53, Ohio No. 41, Ohio River) ... 1213 River ----------------- 1213 2. Lock and Dam No. 43, Ohio 12. Plant, Ohio River------ - 1213 River---------------- 1213 ville and Portland Canal, 3. Lock and Dam No. 44, Ohio 13. Operating and care of Louis- River---------------- 1213 Ky------------------- 1228 4. Lock and Dhm No. 45, Ohio 14. Operating and care of Lock River-------- -------- 1213 and Dam No. 43, Ohio 5. Lock and Dam No. 46, Ohio River--- -------------- 1228 River---------------- 1213 15. Operating and care of Lock 6. Lock and Dam No. 47, Ohio and Dam No. 48, Ohio River---------------- 1213 River ----------------- 1228 7. Lock and Dam No. 48, Ohio 16. Operating and care of lock River---------------- 1213 and dam at Grand Rapids, 8. Lock and Dam No. 52, Ohio Wabash River----------1269 River---------------- 1213 17. Operating and care of locks 9. Surveys, Ohio River ...... 1213 and dams in Green and 10. Purchase of land, Ohio Barren Rivers, Ky-------.. 1272 River---------------- 1213 18. Operating and care of lock and dam in Rough River, Ky------------------- 1276 RIVERS AND HARBORS-LOUISVILLE, KY., DISTRICT. 1269 1-15. OHIO RIVER, LOCKS AND DAMS NOS. 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, AND 52, OHIO RIVER, SURVEYS OF OHIO RIVER, PURCHASE OF LAND, OHIO RIVER, LOCATIONS OF DAMS NOS. 46, 49, 50, 51, 52, AND 53, OHIO RIVER, OPERATING AND CARE OF LOUISVILLE AND PORT- LAND CANAL AND LOCKS AND DAMS NOS. 43 AND 48, OHIO RIVER. For reports on falls of Ohio River, at Louisville, Ky. (Lock and Dam No. 41, Ohio River), construction of Locks and Dams Nos. 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, and 52, surveys of Ohio River, locations of Dams Nos. 46, 49, 50, 51; 52, and 53, Ohio River, Plant, Ohio River, and operating and care of Louisville and Portland Canal and Locks and Dams Nos. 43 and 48, Ohio River, see report on construction of Locks and Dams on the Ohio River. 16. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCK AND DAM AT GRAND RAPIDS, WABASH RIVER. Location and description.-Wabash River rises in western Ohio, flows in a generally westerly direction across northern Indiana to Logansport, thence in a southwesterly direction to the boundary line between Indiana and Illinois, about 15 miles below Terre Haute, thence forming the boundary between Indiana and Illinois, it flows in a southwesterly direction and empties into the Ohio .River at a point about 121 miles from the mouth of the Ohio. Wabash River is about 517 miles long and drains about 33,000 square miles. In its lower reaches it varies in width from 450 to 1,300 feet. It has gen- erally low and caving banks and is obstructed by numerous bars. Its basin is generally flat. The mean low-water discharge at the mouth of the river is 2,500 cubic feet per second; the maximum discharge at Mount Carmel, Ill., 96 miles above the mouth, is 385,000 cubic feet per second. The average slope of the river at mean low water from Terre Haute to the mouth, a distance of 214 miles, is 0.615 foot per mile. The greatest slope occurs at New Harmony cut-off, 41.5 miles from the mouth, where there is a fall of 5.3 feet in less than 2,000 feet. The fall from the head to the foot of the cut-off, a distance of 2 miles through the cut-off, or 91 miles around it, is 6.5 feet. A 6-foot navigable depth exists in the river at Terre Haute 133 days, *Mount Carmel 168 days, New Harmony 75 days, and at the mouth 318 days annually. General navigation above Terre Haute is im- practicable, even at high stages, on account of the obstruction of the river by bridges. A lock and dam at Grand Rapids, 97.1 miles above the mouth and 1.5 miles above Mount Carmel, completed in 1893, pro- vides slack-witer navigation for about 12 miles. (See U. S. Geologi- cal Survey chart, Indiana-Illinois, Patoka quadrangle.) Original condition.-Wabash River was originally obstructed by bars and snags. It had numerous narrow bends, with secondary channels or cut-offs, and was obstructed in several places by ledges of rock in the bed of the river. The most notable of the latter were at Grand Rapids, where there was a fall of about 4.5 feet in a dis- tance of 700 feet, and at New Harmony cut-off, where there was a fall of 6.5 feet in a distance of 21 miles through the cut-off, or 9 miles by the main river. The river was navigable only at high stages. Steamboats are said to have ascended the river as far as Peru, Ind., 366 miles from the mouth, and the river was navigable 1270 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. for smaller craft as far as Adams County, Ind., about 420 miles from the mouth. About 1842 a lock and dam had been built at Grand Rapids by a private company, but in 1872, at the time the Govern- ment assumed charge of the improvement, it had become almost totally useless, and in 1873 the rapids at ordinary stages formed an insuperable obstruction to navigation. Previous projects.--None. Existing project.-This provides for the improvement of the river from its mouth to La Fayette, Ind., a distance of '308 miles, by snag- ging and dredging, and outlined necessary work at 12 designated localities. The proposed work consisted principally in deepening the bed of the river, constructing a new lock and repairing the dam at Grand Rapids, and closing New Harmony cut-off. Similar work at other localities and levee work at Grayville, Ill., was subsequently added. The improvement was undertaken with a view to obtaining a navigable channel of not less than 31 feet depth at extreme low water. At the lock at Grand Rapids the ordinary fluctuations of stage due to floods vary from 7 to 10 feet above pool level. During the flood of 1913 the stage reached about 25 feet above pool stage. The original estimate for the proposed work was $312,672.22. Additional estimates were made from time to time for work at new localities and for additional work at the localities mentioned in the original estimate. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1902, is $850,500, of which $755,000 is for work below Vincennes and $95,500 for work above Vincennes. The maintenance of these works is provided for by annual allotments from the appropriation for operating and care of canals, etc. The location and principal dimensions, etc., of the one lock on Wabash River are as follows: Name: Lock at Grand Rapids, Wabash River. Nearest town, Mount Carmel, Ill----------------------------miles- 2. 4 Nearest tributary, White River, Ind ----------------------- do.. 1. 5 Distance of lock from mouth of Wabash River---------------- do... 97. 1 Width of chamber--------------------------------feet 52. 0 Greatest length available for full width---.----------------- do.... 214.0 Lift at low water to nearest tenth of a foot---------------- do-.... 11. 8 Depth on lower miter sill at low water_-------------------do... 3. 2 Depth on upper miter sill at pool stage- -------------------- do 5. 08 Character of foundation: Rock. Kind of dam: Fixed. Type of dam: Wooden, stone-filled crib. Cost of lock and dam: $260,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 10, 1872. (Annual Report for 1872, p. 472.) Prior to March 3, 1881, operations under the project were all below Vincennes. The river and harbor act of March 3, 1881, and subsequent acts provided separately for work below Vincennes and for that above Vincennes under modified estimates for work at different localities. An index map of a survey of Wabash River, 1913, from Terre Haute, Ind., to its mouth is printed in House Document No. 1001, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-In House Document No. 427, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session, the Chief of Engi- RIVERS AND HARBORS -LOUISVILLE, KY., DISTRICT. 1271 neers recommended legislation authorizing the abandonment of the project for operating and care of lock and dam at Grand Rapids, Wabash River, and an appropriation of $10,000 to remove a section of the dam in order that navigation will not be entirely obstructed at this point and to remove and store the movable parts of the oper- ating machinery. Local cooperation.-The original lock and dam at Grand Rapids was constructed by a private corporation and was completed about 1842. The property rights and franchise of this corporation were purchased by the United States during the fiscal year 1875, at a cost of $7,000. (Annual Report for 1875, p. 738.) Terminal facilities.-There are no publicly owned terminal facili- ties except about 1,200 feet of river front owned by the city of Vin- cennes and a like amount owned by the municipality of Mount Car- mel, Ill., nor are there any private facilities beyond mere unimproved bank landings. These appear to be adequate for the present limited traffic and character of the commodities carried. (For a full de- scription of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-This .improvement has afforded slack- water navigationi about 12 miles above the lock at Grand Rapids. The improvement is of little value, as through navigation of the river is impracticable. Even local traffic is very small. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations during the year consisted in operating the lock at Grand Rapids, in making minor repairs to the lock, dam, buildings, fences, etc., and caring for the property. Expenditures during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1923, were $1,859.27. Conditions at end of fiscal year.--Practically nothing remains of the improvements on this river except the lock and dam at Grand Rapids and a number of cuts through rock bars. The lock and dam were completed in 1893, at a cost of $260,000 affording slack-water navigation for a distance of about 12 miles. Through navigation is impracticable. Boats drawing 20 inches can pass from Mount Car- mel, 96 miles from the mouth of the river, to Vincennes, 128 miles from the mouth, at all stages, but can reach Mount Carmel from the mouth of the river only when the gauge at the lock reads 9.5 feet or more. The stretch from Vincennes to Terre Haute, 214 miles from the mouth, is badly obstructed by snags, and general navigation above Terre Haute is impossible on account of obstruction by bridges. Owing to the fall at New Harmony cut-off, 41 to 51 miles from the mouth of river, through navigation from the mouth to Terre Haute for boats drawing 3 feet is possible only for less than four months in an average year. For operations under the project and present con- dition of the works of improvement thereunder see House Document No. 1001, Sixty-third Congress, second session, page 73. All opera- tions under the project, except the maintenance of the lock and dam at Grand Rapids, were suspended during the fiscal year 1909. Owing to the temporary and experimental character of many of the works under the project and the frequency with which they were damaged or destroyed prior to completion it is impossible to divide the ex- 1272 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, tJ. S. ARMY, 1923. penditures under the project between new work and maintenaince. The expenditures were as follows: New work: Below Vincennes__----- --.. ---- --------- $715, 457. 20 Above Vincennes- - -- 95, 254. 87 810, 712. 07 Maintenance of lock and dam at Grand Rapids (from permanent indefinite appropriation) ---------- __---___---- 99, 737. 78 Total ------------------------------ --------------- 910, 449.85 Proposed operations.-The lock and dam will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-There is practically no commerce in the unimproved sections of the river at low stages of water; at high stages there is some irregular movement of grain, but it has been found impracticable to obtain a record of it. In the 12-mile pool created by the dam at Grand Rapids, near Mount Carmel, Ill., the only permanently improved section of the river, the commerce pass- ing the lock during the calendar year 1922 consisted of 5 tons of mussel shells valued at $162 and 28 tons of unclassified articles valued at $5,600. This commerce was carried in boats drawing less than 5 feet. Comparative statement of commerce passing the lock at Grand Rapids, Wabash River. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers carried. carried. 1918... ....... . 2021 $12,275 69 1921.......... 119 $14,252 79 1919........... . 267 14,381 230 1922......... 33 5,762 49 1920........... 308 18,907 103 17. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS ON GREEN AND BARREN RIVERS, KY. Location and description.-Green River rises in Green County, Ky., flows in a northwesterly direction, and empties into the Ohio River about 8 miles above Evansville, Ind. It is about 345 miles long, has a drainage area of 13,000 square miles, and a mean dis- charge of about 11,800 cubic feet per second, and a maximum dis- charge of about 130,000 cubic feet per second. Its average slope for 244 miles from its mouth is 0.6 foot per mile. The head of naviga- tion of Green River is at Mammoth Cave, Ky., 196 miles from the mouth of the river. Barren River rises in Barren County, Ky., flows in a northwesterly direction, and empties into Green River, one-half mile above Lock No. 4, Green River. Its length is about 108 miles, with a drainage area of about 2,132 square miles. It has a mean discharge of about 3,000 cubic feet per second, and a maximum discharge of about 32,000 cubic feet per second. Its average slope for 37 miles from its mouth is 0.7 foot per mile. The head of navigation of Barren River is at RIVERS AND IHARBORS-LOUISVILLE, KY., DISTRICT. 1273 Bowling Green, Ky., 291 miles above the mouth of the river and 1791 miles above the mouth of Green River. Original condition.-Little is known of the original condition of these rivers. The original system of slack-water navigation, with head of navigation at Bowling Green, Ky., was undertaken by the State of Kentucky in 1835 and completed in 1841. It included four locks in Green River and one lock in Barren River, giving continu- ous navigation for a draft of 4 feet from the Ohio River to Bowling Green, except at time of low water below Lock No. 1, Green River. When the :United States assumed possession of these improvements in 1888 navigation of the system was broken at Lock No. 3, Green River, the river wall at that lock having fallen into the river; the lower end of the land wall at Lock No. 1, Barren River, was badly cracked and liable to fall at any time; and both walls at Lock No. 2, Green River, were in a dangerous condition. The channels of the pools were much obstructed by snags and landslides. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-The purchase by the United States, in 1888, of the then existing improvements made by the State of Kentucky, on Green and Barren Rivers, committed the Government, under section 4 of the river and harbor act of July 5, 1884, to the operation and maintenance of the system, including operation of the locks, removal of snags, landslides, etc., from the channels of the streams, restora- tion of unserviceable structures, and construction of new ones where needed. This project was subsequently extended by the adoption of subprojects extending slack-water navigation from the upper limits of pool No. 4 to Mammoth Cave, Ky. (Green River above the mouth of Big Barren River), by the construction of two additional locks and dams, numbered 5 and 6. All of the new work contemplated in the project having been completed, the project now contemplates only the operation of the seven locks and dams and the maintenance of the system in good navigable condition. Fluctuations in stage due to floods vary considerably at the differ- ent locks. At Lock No. 3, Green River, ordinary fluctuations from this cause vary from 12 to 15 feet above pool level, with maximum stage of about 28 feet above pool stage reached in 1913. At Lock No. 1, Barren River, fluctuations due to floods vary from 7 to 10 feet above pool level. During the flood of 1913 the stage reached about 31 feet above pool stage. The original improvements were purchased at a cost of $135,000, the cost of operating the system and restoring or replacing the origi- nal structures, except Lock No. 2, Green River, being provided for by annual estimates and allotments for the purpose. The rebuilding of Lock No. 2 and'the extension of the system by the construction of Locks and Dams Nos. 5 and 6, Green River, were provided for by specific appropriations. The original estimate for the reconstruc- tion of Lock No. 2 was $130,000 (Report for 1891, p. 2439), subse- quently increased to $170,000. The orign al estimate for the exten- sion of the system by the construction ofLocks Nos. 5 and 6, Green River, was $361,346.40 (Report for 1891, p. 2481), subsequently in- creased to $365,673.20, the latter sum including an authorization of not exceeding $5,000 for snagging and clearing the banks of that part of Nolin River affected by slack water from Dam No. 6, Green River. The maintenance of these works is provided for by annual 1274 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. allotments from the appropriation for operating and care of canals, etc. The existing completed project was authorized by the following acts: The river and harbor act of August 11, 1888, provided for the purchase of the original improvements (House Ex. Doc. No. 111, 49th Cong., 2d sess.); the deficiency act of March 3, 1893, provided for building Lock No. 2, Green River (Annual Report for 2891, p. 2439); the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, provided for the construction of Lock No. 5, Green River, and the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, fQr the construction of Lock No. 6, Green River (Annual Report for 1891, pp. 2478 and 2481). The river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, contained an appropriation of $5,000 for con- tinuing the improvement of Green River above the mouth of Big Barren River, with the following proviso: That the Secretary of War may, in his discretion, expend such portion of said amount as may be necessary for removal of snags in Nolin River. The location, cost, and principal feature of the locks and dams included in the system are shown in the following table: Locks and dams in Green and Barren Rivers, Ky. Location. Location.Greatest Depth Depth Width Width length length Lift at Lift on lower on upper at miter sill miter sill Lock and dam. Distance of lock of lock normal a l rmal from chamber. available poolat normal at normal Nearest town. mouth for full level, pool pool of river. width. level, level. GREEN RIVER. Miles. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. No. 1................. Spottsville...... 8.5 35.5 139 1 11.7 19.3 6.9 No. 2............... Rumsey...... 62.8 36 141 14.2 6.2 8.4 No. ................. Rochester...... 108.05 35.8 137.5 16.1 6.5 7.3 No. 4................... Woodbury...... 149.5 35.8 138 16.3 6.4 6.7 No. 5............. . . Glenmore....... 167.5 36 142 13.4 5.3 7.7 No. 6............... Brownsville.... 180.75 36 142 11 7 8 BARREN RIVER. No. 1................... Greencastle..... 2 115 35.6 138 14.9 4.9 7.3 Year Cost of .Lock and dam. Character of foundation. Kind of dam. Type of con- com- lock and pleted. dam. GREEN RIVER. No. 1 .............. Slate and coal............ Fixed......... Wood crib......1835-1840 $179, 110 No.2................ Slate................... do.......... ....do.......... 1895 160,079 No.3.............. Rock.................. ..... .....do......... 1833-1836 121,377 No. 4 .................. do. o........ do... do.... . ................... .. ..... ...... ...... 1839 125718 No. 5................. Gravel................. .... do...... .... do.......... 1899 180, 000 No. 6............. .... do................ .... do....... .... do.......... 1905 180,000 BARREN RIVER. No. 1................... Gravel................. Fixed........ Wood crib...... 1841 135, 734 1At normal pool, Dam 48, O o River. 2 From mouth of Green River. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The original improvements were completed by the State of Kentucky in 1841. The State retained control of the RIVERS AND HARBORS--LOUISVILLE, KY., DISTRICT. 1275 system .until 1868, when it was leased to a corporation for a term of 30 years. The United States purchased the rights of the corporation pursuant to the river and harbor act of August 1, 1888, and assumed control of the system December 11, 1888, since which date there has been no local cooperation. Terminal facilities.-In addition to a public paved landing at Bowling Green, Ky., there is at this city a private wharf and ware- house and also a railroad incline and derrick which may be used upon payment of fixed charges by the public for transfer of freight from rail to water or vice versa. In addition to the terminal facili- ties at Bowling Green there are located at various points in the pools of Green and Barren Rivers about 50 unimproved landings with small warehouses. These warehouses are generally controlled by the Evansville & Bowling Green Packet Co. There are also several small privately owned coal tipples. It is believed that these terminal facilities are generally as exten- sive as the present traffic will warrant. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has afforded uninter- rupted navigation over about 217 miles of river for boats of 5-foot draft or less and opened to commerce a large section of country otherwise practically inaccessible. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work consisted in the operation of the locks and snagging and dredging plants and the maintenance of the system in good, serviceable condition. The work was carried on by hired labor and Government plant. The work of replacing the old timber-filled guide and guard walls at Lock No. 1, Green River, with concrete was finished in November, 1922, at a cost of $95,139.55. . The pile grillage extension of the upper guard wall at Lock No. 3 was rebuilt at a cost of $229.87. Contract was made for two steel barges to be delivered in fall of 1923 at a total cost of $23,100. Expenditures for the fiscal year were $99,511.33. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The system as a whole is in good condition. It comprises seven locks, with fixed dams, and affords through navigation throughout the year for boats of 5-foot draft or less and not exceeding 138 feet in length and 35 feet in width, from Lock No. 1, Green River, to Mammoth Cave, a distance of 1871 miles, or from Lock No. 1, Green River, to Bowling Green, Ky., on Barren River, a distance- of 171 miles. Through navigation to the Ohio River is now afforded at all seasons through the completion of Lock and Dam No. 48, Ohio River, which provides a low-water depth of 9.3 feet on the lower miter sill of Lock No. 1, Green River. The total expenditures under the existing project up to the end of the fiscal year, not including outstanding liabilities or contract obligations, were as follows: New work------- ------------------------------------- $670, 428. 16 Maintenance (from the permanent indefinite appropriation)- 2, 737, 964. 68 Total----------------------------------------- 3, 408, 392. 84 Proposed operations.-The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. 1276 REPORT' OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Commercial statistics.-Of the total commerce during the year 1922, 35.4 per cent consisted of rock asphalt, 10.5 per cent railroad ties, 36.1 per cent of coal, 5 per cent of logs, and 7 per cent of gen- eral merchandise. About 50 per cent of the logs was floated and 50 per cent was carried in barges. The traffic, except in logs, was moved by packets, towboats, and barges drawing not over 5 feet. This commerce is a direct result of the existing improvements. There is practically no commerce in the unimproved sections of the river ex- cept the floating out of logs at high stages of water. Statements of commerce on Green and Barren Rivers have been given in reports prior to 1920 as being that which passed Lock No. 1, Green River. Recent developments of the oil fields in the vicinity of Bowling Green, at the head of navigation on Barren River, and the shipments of large quantities of rock asphalt from Nolin River by way of upper Green and Barren Rivers to Bowling Green, have brought about a material change in conditions so that the amount of commerce pass- ing Lock 1, Green River, is no longer a measure of the commerce on Green and Barren Rivers. A statement of the total commerce is given below: Comparative statement. Floated Floated Year. tons logs Value. Pan- Year. o logs Value. asen- (tons). gers. tons. (tons). gers. 1918..... 173, 833 19, 676 $5, 351, 949 13, 097 1921..... 300, 200 '22,832 $6, 715, 593 23, 508 1919..... 167, 603 9,494 7, 465,613 13, 899 1922..... 286, 911 7, 298 6,956,538 23, 969 1920..... 203,992 15, 000 6, 462, 209 20,363 18. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCK AND DAM IN ROUGH RIVER, KY. Location and description.-This stream is one of the principal tributaries of Green River and lies wholly within the State of Ken- tucky. It rises in Meade, Hardin, and Breckinridge Counties, flows westwardly in a tortuous channel, and empties into Green River at Livermore, 71 miles from the mouth of that river. Its length is about 126 miles, with a drainage area of about 941 square miles. It has a mean discharge of about 1,280 cubic feet per second and a maximum discharge of about 13,100 cubic feet per second. Over the lower 60 miles of its course it has an average slope of 0.7 foot per mile. The improved portion of the river extends from its mouth to Hartford, Ky., a distance of about 29J miles. Original condition.-Originally this river was much obstructed by snags, sunken logs, stumps, bowlders, and bars in the bed of the stream and by overhanging trees on its banks. Backwater from Dam No. 2, Green River, affected 8 miles of the river above its mouth. A timber-crib lock and dam had been built on the river about 8 miles above its mouth, but at the time the United States took charge of the improvement, in 1890, the structures had been abandoned and were completely in ruins, and the river was prac- tically unnavigable except at times of high water when the head of navigation was at Hartford, Ky., 29- miles from the mouth of the river. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for clearing the river of ob- structions and for the construction of a lock and dam to carry slack RIVERS AND HARBORS--LOUISVILLE, KY., DISTRICT. :1277 water to Hartford, Ky. The new work provided for having been completed, the project now contemplates the maintenance of the lock and dam and keeping the river channel free from snags and other obstructions to navigation. At the lock the ordinary fluctuations due to floods vary from 6 to 10 feet above pool level. During the flood of 1913 a stage of about 20 feet above pool stage was reached. The original estimate for building the proposed lock and dam and removing obstructions from the river amounted to $56,729.80 (Re- port for 1885, p. 1901). The subproject and estimate were subse- quently modified (Reports for 1891, p. 2447, and 1896, p. 2280), changing the dimensions of the structures and substituting a con- crete lock and abutment for the masonry lock and timber abutment originally proposed. The revised estimate under which the work was undertaken was as follows: Cost of lock and dam, etc., complete ------------------------ $96, 556. 05 Clearing banks and channel--------------------------------- 9, 000. 00 Total----------------------------------------------105, 556. 05 The maintenance of these works is provided for by annual allot- ments from the appropriation for operating and care of canals, etc. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, in accordance with the report published in the Annual Report for 1885, page 1894. The location and principal dimensions, etc., of the lock are as follows: Name: Lock No. 1, Rough River. Nearest town, Livermore, Ky ---------------------------- miles__ 8 Mouth of Rough River, in Green River, Ky----------------do. 8 Width of lock chamber-- ------------------------------- feet 27 Greatest length available for full width 125.1 do------1------------do Lift at pool stage------- ---------------------------- do. 9. 4 Depth on lower miter sill at pool stage-------------------- do---- 4. 9 Depth on upper miter sill at pool stage ------ do.--- 6. 8 Character of foundation: Rock. Kind of dam: Fixed. Type of dam: Wooden, stone-filled crib, stepped. Cost of lock and' dam: $72,186.35. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-A lock and dam built of temporary cribs was constructed by a stock company near the site of the present structure shortly after the Civil War. The venture became unprofitable, and the structures at the site were in ruins when the United States as- sumed control of the improvement in 1890. There has been no other local cooperation. Terminal facilities.-There are no terminal facilities of any sort other than a few unimproved private landings. It is believed the facilities are adequate for the existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has afforded slack- water navigation at all stages of the river from its mouth to Hart- ford, Ky., a distance of about 29 miles. The loqk and dam can be considered at present as of value sufficient only to justify operation and ordinary repairs. This is because much of such traffic as exists could navigate the stream even if the lock and dam were nonexistent. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The lock has been oper- ated throughout the year, except for a period of 50 days when sub'- 1278 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. merged by high water, and the appurtenant structures have been kept in good condition. Obstructions were removed from the channel from mouth of the river to head of slack-water navigation. This was in progress at the close of the last fiscal year and was completed in July, 1922, at a cost of $572.50 for the fiscal year. The work was done by hired labor with Government plant. The expenditures dur- ing the year were $2,828.54. Condition at end of fiscal year. The lock and dam were completed in 1896 at a cost of $72,186.35 and the, removal of the obstructions contemplated in the project in 1899 at a cost of $9,000. The lock and dam afford slack-water navigation at pool stage to Hartford, Ky., 291 miles from the mouth of the river, for boats not exceeding 123 feet in length, 27 feet in width, and draft not exceeding 4 feet. The lock was opened to navigation December 12, 1896, and has been in operation since that date. The t&tal ependitures under the existing project up to the end of the fiscal year, not including outstanding liabilities or contract obligations, were as follows: For new work --------------------------------------- $105, 500. 00 For maintenance (from the permanent indefinite appropriation)__ 38, 417. 16 Total -------------------------------------------- 143, 917. 16 Proposed operations.-The lock and dam will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-The commerce consists principally of cat- tle, logs, coal, and unclassified articles of merchandise, made pos- sible by the existing improvements. There is no commerce in the unimproved sections of the river. During the calendar year 1922 logs comprised 74.83 per cent of the total (about half was floated logs) and coal about 24.83 per cent; the remaining freight con- sisted of only 21 tons of miscellaneous articles. The tonnage was handled by small steam and gasoline propelled boats of loaded draft not exceeding 3 feet. Comparative statement of traffic passing Lock 1, Rough River. en Floated Floated Year. Tons. logs Value. Year. Tons. logs Value. Pasen- (tons). gers. (tons). gers. 1918...... 4,639 3,700 $77,008.00 .............. 1921...... 742 8,710 $109, 230 00 17 2028 1919...... 3,203 110, 390.40o 6 1922.... 3,952 2,362 65, 98600 39 3, 346 1920...... 2,700 64,014. 00 34 EXAMINATIONS MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED SEPTEMBER 22, 1922. Report dated November 29, 1922, on preliminary examination of Canoe Creek, Ky,., required by the river and harbor act of Sep- tember 22, 1922, was duly submitted by the district engineer. It was reviewed by the Board of Engineers 'for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and was transmitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 553, Sixty-seventh Congress, fourth session. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT. 1279 The improvement of Canoe Creek by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. However, the recommendation of February 9, 1922 (H. D. No. 187, 67th Cong., 2d sess.) that the construction of ice piers be regarded a a part of the approved project for the general improvement of the Ohio River, is renewed. Report dated November 27, 1922, on preliminary examination of West Fork of White River, Ind., up to Martinsville, required by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, was duly submitted by the district engineer. It was reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and was transmitted to Congress February 16, 1923, but has not yet been printed. The im- provement of this locality by the United States is not deemed ad- visable at the present time. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making a preliminary examination and survey provided for by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, of Trade'water River, Ky., and re- ports thereon will be duly submitted when received. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT. This district comprises all harbors and tributary waterways on the United States side of Lake Superior and Lake of the Woods. District engineer: Maj. E. H. Marks, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. J. G. Warren, Corps of Engineers, to September 4, 1922, Col. Spencer Cosby, Corps of Engineers, since that date. IMPROVEMENTS. [The letters and figures in parentheses indicate the group, and the numerical order in the group, to which the respective improvements belong for purposes of appropriation.] Page. Page. 1. Harbor at Grand Marais, 8. Harbor of Refuge, Mar- Minn. (Al)--------------- 1279 quette Bay, Mich. (A8)__ 1308 2. Harbor at Agate Bay, Minn. 9. Harbor at Marquette, Mich. (A2) --------------------- 1283 (A9) -------------------- 1310 3. Harbor at Duluth, Minn., 10. Harbor of Refuge at Grand and Superior, Wis. (A3)-- 1285 Marais, Mich. (A10) ---- 1314 4. Harbor at Port Wing, Wis. 11. Warroad Harbor and War- (A4)---------------------1292 road River, Minn. (Bl)--- 1318 5. Harbor at Ashland, Wis. 12. Zippel Bay, Lake of the (A5) --------------------- 1296 Woods, Minn. (B2) ------ .. 1321 6. Harbor at Ontonagon, Mich. 13. Baudette Harbor and River, (A6) -------------------- 1299 Minn. (B3) ----------- 1324 7. Keweenaw Waterway, Mich. (A7) --------------------- 302 GRAND MARAIS, MARQUETTE, MARQUETTE BAY, AND ONTONAGON HARBORS, AND KEWEENAW WATERWAY, MICH.; ASHLAND AND PORT WING HARBORS, WIS.; DULUTH-SUPERIOR HARBOR, MINN. AND WIS.; AGATE BAY AND GRAND MARAIS HARBORS, MINN. (GROUP A.) 1. HARBOR AT GRAND MARAIS, MINN. (Al.) Location and description.-The harbor is situated on the north shore of Lake Superior, 106 miles northeasterly from Duluth, Minn. It is a bay one-half mile long and one-fourth mile wide, with a 61637-ENG 1923---81 1280 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. natural opening of 1,035 feet, reduced by breakwaters to 480 feet, and with an area of 61 acres. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 9, Lake Superior. Original condition.-There was a maximum depth of 14 feet over a very limited area, the general depth being only 8 to 9 feet at mean low water. It afforded some protection from northeast storms, but very little from south and southeast storms. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This contemplates building rock-filled timber- crib breakwater piers 350 feet in length from the east and west points of the bay to narrow the entrance, which was 1,035 feet in width, thus affording protection to the harbor; and for dredging an anchorage area of 26 acres to a depth of 16 feet. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Superior, which is taken at 601.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to a depth of 14.9 feet on the inset of Lake Survey chart No. 9 of this locality. The ordinary variation of water level extends from 0 to + 1 foot above low-water datum. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1898, is $163,954.63. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1879 (H. Ex. Doc.No. 75, 43d Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map, see House Document No. 939, Sixtieth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is no rail connection with the harbor. There are two privately owned timber wharves, in poor condition, adjacent to each other and with a total length of about 500 feet, only one of which, with length of about 200 feet, is in active use. They are open to the general public, a charge being made for freight handled over them. There are no publicly owned wharves. 'T'hese facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce, although due to the poor condition of the wharves it will soon be necessary that they be rebuilt or a new wharf constructed to meet the probable future needs. (For a full description of terminal facili- ties see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-As a harbor of refuge it has been of un- questioned benefit to commerce. Only small craft, carrying about 15 per cent of the total freight tonnage, could use this harbor in reasonably good weather without the aid of the present improve- ments. Twenty-seven vessels with an aggregate of 8,533 net regis- tered tons entered the harbor for shelter. Boats drawing 14 feet of water or less carried all the freight received or shipped during the season. There is no rail connection. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Minor repairs were made to the east breakwater consisting of covering portions of the breakwater with large stone, where the decking was decayed or washed off from about 10 per cent of the surface. A total of 239 tons of stone was placed at a total cost of $863.06, or $3.61 per ton. A survey of the harbor was made in June, 1923, at a cost of $271.60. The above was all done by Government plant, hired labor, and pur- chase of materials. The expenditure for proportional cost of con- RIVERS AND HARBORS--DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT. 1281 struction of derrick boat under contract was $3,000. The total ex- penditure was $4,091.49, all for maintenance, consisting of breakwater repairs, watchman's services, surveys, derrick boat, administration, and contingencies. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted with the completion of the west breakwater in 1901. The dredging was completed in 1897. There is a controlling depth of 16 feet at low-water datum in the harbor area under improvement, as shown by a survey in June, 1923. Under permit, contractors have dredged 72,050 cubic yards from the northeasterly portion of the harbor. This has increased the area of the harbor by 1.3 acres and the dredged area by 1.7 acres. The controlling depth in the newly dredged area is 16 feet. The work is done without cost to the United States. The westerly 200 linear feet of the east breakwater was damaged by the storm of November 11, 1919. The portion of the east break- water repaired during September and October, 1919, withstood the storm without damage. The portion damaged by storm has been protected by placing stone where decking was washed away, but the walls of the superstructure are decayed and more extensive re- pairs are needed. Some decking and wall timber was torn off the west breakwater by storms during the past winter, but otherwise this breakwater is in a fair state of preservation. The expenditures under the existing project have been $160,936.68 for new work and $23,130.54 for maintenance, a total of $184,067.22. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended will be applied to maintenance, as follows: Repairs to breakwaters by United States plant and purchase of ma- terials _ -------------------------- $3, 000. 00 For enlargement of United States vessel yard at Duluth for storage of United States plant------------------------------------500. 00 Watchman's services------------------- --------------------- 120, 00 Surveys -------------------- ------------------- ------------ 365. 00 Administration and contingencies----------------------------- 1, 297. 78 Total --------------------------------------------- 5,282. 78 These funds will be exhausted June 30, 1924. With the exception of repairs to 108 linear feet of the east break- water, made in 1919, only minor repairs have been made since the east breakwater was completed in 1883. Due to natural decay and the wear of ice and water, with only minor repairs in 40 years, the westerly 242 linear feet of the superstructure of the east breakwater above the water surface is in serious need of repairs. Additional funds will be necessary for maintenance. With the amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 ($11,000), it is proposed to do work of maintenance with Government plant, hired labor, and purchase of material, or by contract, as may be most advantageous to the United States, as follows: Maintenance of breakwaters: Operation of United States derrick boat and tug and purchase of materials---------- ---------------------------- $6, 400 Proportional cost of dump scow for maintenance dredging-..-... . 3, 000 Surveys -------------- --------------------------- 600 Watchman's services .. 1.20 Administration and contingencies-------88-------80 Total --------------- ---- ------ 000 1282 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The increased amount required for maintenance is due to the small amount appropriated in recent years for maintenance at this harbor and to the necessity for an additional dump scow to efficiently operate United States dredging plant. Commercial statistics.-Receipts consisted of coal, oils, food products, building material and unclassified; shipments consisted of fish, potatoes, lumber, pulpwood, gravel and unclassified. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918........... 6, 443 $318, 362 1, 818 1921.......... 7, 500 $326, 094 1, 550 1919........... 8,568 371, 802 1,510 1922.......... 118,234 488,300 1, 307 1920.... 14, 447 292,351 2, 003 No new lines of transportation were established during the year. All classes of vessels doing business at this harbor make use of the Government improvements. Vessels drawing 14 feet of water or less carried all the freight re- ceived or shipped during the season. Increase in freight tonnage over 1921 was 1,476 per cent; the in- crease in valuation was 49.7 per cent; increase in number of vessels arriving and departing was 141 per cent; and in the net registered tonnage 152 per cent, due to the greater number of tow barges and tugs which entered and departed. The marked increase in freight tons was due to the greater receipts and shipments of wood and wood products and shipments of gravel. No railway connections. Financial sumrrmary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,356.33: New work----- --------------------------------- $160, 936. 68 Maintenance__---------------- ------------------------- 23, 130. 54 Net total expended -------------------------------- 184, 067. 22 Total appropriation to date of this report---------------------189, 350. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.... ... Expended for maintenance 1..... $1, 030. 00 $4, 397. 51 $463.27 $855.31 $4,091.49 Appropriated or allotted......... ....... .............................. 6,000.00 3,000.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended----------------------------- $6,374. 27 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923_ ---------- ------------------------ 3, 000. 00 9, 374.27 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance ------------------------------------------------- ,091. 49 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_----------------------------- 5,282. 78 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June S30, 1925, for maintenance ---------------------- 11, 000. 00 'Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT. 1283 2. HARBOR AT AGATE BAY, MINN. (A2.) Location and description.-The harbor is situated on the north shore of Lake Superior, 26 miles northeast from Duluth, Minn. It is a natural bay or indentation three-fourths of a mile long by one- half mile wide, protected from the storms of the lake by break- waters. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 9, Lake Superior. Original condition.-There was ample depth for navigation, with 18 feet at mean low water, over the greater portion of its entire area of 109 acres. It was exposed to storms from the southwest and to reverse swells from severe northeast storms. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This contemplates the narrowing of the natural entrance, thus affording protection from southwest storms and re- verse swells from northeast storms, by the construction of break- waters on a line toward each other from the eastern and western points of the bay, 1,050 and 900 feet long, respectively, and a small amount of dredging to 18 feet. The breakwaters are to be composed of rock-filled timber cribs resting on rubble-mound embankments. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Superior, which is taken at 601.6 feet above mean-tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to a depth of 16.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart No. 968 of this locality. The ordinary variation of water level ex- tends from 0 to +1 foot above low-water datum. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1887, is $244,208. The latest (1918) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 5, 1886 (H. Ex. Doc. No. 94, 48th Cong., 2d sess.); the con- struction of two breakwater piers was approved by the Secretary of War January 4, 1887 (Annual Report for 1887, p. 1952). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1903, p. 1793. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The following wharves, modern in every par- ticular and privately owned, are in use: Four modern ore docks with total length of 4,746 feet and storage capacity of 186,600 gross tons. One coal dock and storage ground 275 by 850 feet, capacity 150,000 tons. One pulp-wood wharf 450 feet long. One merchandise wharf 414 feet long. One passenger wharf 190 feet long. One tug wharf 133 feet long. There are no publicly owned wharves. The passenger wharf is open to general public use free for passengers, but a charge of 25 cents per ton is made for merchandise handled over the wharf. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The Government improvements have been an indispensable aid to the commerce. The improvement has had a material effect in controlling freight rates on bulk commodities, such as iron ore, coal, and wood products, by reason of the in- creased tonnage which can be handled in the harbor by large vessels. Ninety-nine and one-half per cent of the total commerce was carried in vessels drawing 18 to 21 feet of water. The harbor is used as a 1284 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. refuge by the smaller boats and tugs plying the lake between Duluth and Grand Marais, Minn. No record of the number of boats using it as a refuge is available. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done on the breakwaters during the fiscal year. The expenditure for pro- portional cost of derrick-boat construction was $2,599.66; inspec- tions, administration, and contingencies cost $101.84. The total ex- penditures during the fiscal year were $2,616.66, all for maintenance. Condition at the end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1901. The west breakwater is in fair condition, the super- structure having been repaired in 1914 and 1921, except for a length of about 83 feet at the east end, where the decking is now badly decayed and in need of repairs. The 504 linear feet of east breakwater repaired during 1917-1919 is in good condition. The superstructure of the remaining 546 linear feet of the east breakwater is in poor condition, due to natural decay and the wear of ice. Storms tore off some of the decking from this breakwater during the past winter. There was a controlling depth of 21 feet or more of water at low- water datum up to the ore docks in May, 1922. The depth at the entrance is over 50 feet. The expenditure was $234,057.53 for new work and $35,667.47 for maintenance, a total of $269,725. Proposed operations.--The balance unexpended will be applied in repairing the superstructure of the breakwaters and for administra- tion and contingencies, as follows: For maintenance of breakwaters: Operation of United States derrick boat and tug, and purchase of materials- ------------------------------- , 300 $1------- Surveys ------------------------- 00 1-------- Administration and contingencies-- ________-____________ 583 Total ---------------------------------------------- 1, 983 These funds will be exhausted June 30, 1924. The portion of the superstructure of the east breakwater not recently repaired is badly decayed. It will be repaired as soon as it shows signs of failure. With the amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 ($2,000), it is proposed to do the following work of maintenance: Maintenance of breakwaters: Operation of United States derrick boat and tug, and purchase of materials------- -------------------------------- $1, 500 Surveys----------------------- ------ 100 Administration and contingencies-______.-- ....... __ ____- 400 Total --------------------------------------- 2, 000 Commercial statistics.-Receipts consisted principally of coal; shipments of iron ore, lumber, and pulp wood. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1,875 3 980, 097 $14, 939,602 554 1918.......... 10,155 700 $40 387497 1919.......... 7,474 418 31090,565 742 1921......... 1922......... 6,851,193 24, 860,712 328 1920....... 10,04 464 48,943,259 1,142 RIVERS AND HARBORS--DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT. 1285 No new lines of transportation were established during the year. All classes of vessels could make use of this harbor without the aid w~hich the Government improvements afford, except in stormy weather, but no class could use the harbor in stormy weather without such aid. Iron ore and coal (which constituted 99.5 per cent of the total commerce) was carried in vessels drawing 18 to 21 feet of water, the balance of the freight was carried in vessels of 12 to 15 feet draft. The increase in tonnage and valuation over 1921 was due principally to the shipments of iron ore, it being 81 per cent increase over 1921 in tonnage and 80.2 per cent increase in valuation. Coal receipts show a decrease of 26.8 per cent under last year. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $4,078.69: New work ----------------------------------------- $234, 057. 53 Maintenance--------------------------------------- 35, 667. 47 Net total expended------------------------- 269, 725. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------271, 708. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new workn... ... .. .. ............. . . ............. .. Expended for maintenance 1 ... $1, 717.34 $124.74 $1, 271.18 $269.36 $2,616.66 Appropriated or allotted....................... ........ ... ........ 3,000.00 .............. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended _-- - _-_- -___--- $4, 599. 66 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance__ 2, 616. 66 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------------------------- 1, 983. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance_---- - ---- __ 12, 000. 00 3. HARBOR AT DULUTH, MINN., AND SUPERIOR, WIS. (A3.) Location and description.-This harbor is at the extreme western end of Lake Superior, a distance of 395 miles from its outlet at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. The cities of Duluth, Minn., and Superior, Wis., are situated on the north and south sides, respectively. Superior Bay and its tributaries, St. Louis Bay and St. Louis River, together with Allouez Bay and the mouth of Nemadji River at the south, or Wisconsin end of Superior Bay, form Duluth-Superior Harbor. It has 49 miles of harbor frontage and 17 miles of dredged channels, all of which lie behind Minnesota Point, a natural breakwater 8 miles long. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 9, Lake Superior.) Original condition.-The natural and only entrance was Superior Entry, which was obstructed by shifting bars, with but 9 feet of water. The bays averaged 8 or 9 feet depths with a natural channel through them, with limiting depth of 14 feet and available width of 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1286 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. from 100 to 500 feet. Nine feet was the greatest draft that could reach the Superior docks, one-half mile distant from the natural channel. The head of navigation for small craft, rafts, and logging was at Fond lu Lac, on the St. Louis River, about 25 miles from Superior Entry. Previous projects.-Superior and Duluth were separate improve- ments until consolidated by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896. The original project for the harbor at Superior City was adopted by river and harbor act of March 2, 1867; for Duluth Harbor by river and harbor act of March 3, 1871. These projects were modified by river and harbor acts of March 3, 1873, March 3, 1881, July 5, 1884, August 5, 1886, August 11, 1888, and July 13, 1892. The total amount spent up to the end of the fiscal year on all projects adopted prior to the existing project, which began in 1896, was $1,547,195, which can not be divided as to new work and maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1929 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for rebuilding the canal piers at Duluth Entrance with stone-filled timber cribs with concrete super.- structures, comprising two piers, 1,734 feet in length each, 300 feet apart, parallel for 1,250 feet, and flaring to 540 feet at harbor end; dredging lake approach to Duluth Entrance 300 feet wide to depth of 30 feet and between the piers to a depth of 24 feet; for replacing the timber stone-filled piers of the canal at Superior Entry with con- crete piers, 500 feet apart and parallel for 808 feet; flaring at harbor end, the south pier to be 1,584 feet long and the north pier 2,096 feet long; dredging to a depth of 24 feet between the concrete piers; pro- tecting this entrance with converging breakwaters of rubble mound construction, with concrete pierheads on stone-filled cribs founded on piles, and concrete shore revetments, founded on piles, aggregating 4,205 feet of rubble mound, 900 feet of pierheads, 896 feet concrete shore revetments, pierheads and revetments heavily riprapped, the lake end of breakwaters to be located at the 30-foot contour in pro- longation of the entrance channel, 600 feet apart and diverging until they are 2,100 feet apart at the shore line; dredging between the breakwaters and the shore to form a stilling basin 24 feet deep with an area of 35 acres and a central channel between the pierheads and the revetted entrance 600 feet wide and 30 feet deep; widening the bay channel just inside the entrances; for securing channels aggre- gating 17 miles in length, of varying width of from 100 to 600 feet and a uniform depth of 20 feet below low-water datum throughout the harbor; dredging anchorage basin at Duluth with area of 446 acres to a depth of 22 feet below low-water datum; dredging Superior Harbor Basin with an area of 98 acres to a depth of 20 feet below low-water datum; enlarging Superior Harbor Basin by dredging to a depth of 20 feet below low-water datum, an area of 160.2 acres; and dredging of the shoal point in the southerly end of East Gate Basin to a depth of 20 feet. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Su- perior, which is taken at 601.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to a depth of 20.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart No. 966 of this locality for the Duluth Harbor Basin, 28.9 feet for approaches to the Duluth Canal and Superior Entry, 22.9 feet RIVERS AND HARBORS--DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT. 1287 for Duluth Canal and Superior Entry between the piers, 18.9 feet for Superior Harbor Basin, East and West Gates Basins, Superior Front Channel, and the channels of Allouez Bay, St. Louis Bay, and the St. Louis River. Highest single gauge reading, November 28, 1905, was 3.70 feet above low-water datum; lowest single gauge reading, February 16, 1921, was 1.85 feet below low-water datum; the annual fluctuation is about 1 foot. The improvements have had no material effect upon the fluctuations. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, is $6,604,053, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $50,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act, of June 3, 1896, provided for dredging alone (H. Ex. Doc. No. 59, 53d Cong., 3d sess.) ; the act of June 13, 1902, provided for rebuilding the piers at Superior Entry; the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the enlargement of the plan for Supe- rior Entry and for additional dredging near the draw span of the Northern Pacific Railroad bridge (H. Doc. No. 82, 59th Cong., 2d sess.) ; section 4 of the administrative act of May 28, 1908, provided for dredging an additional area for the basin inside the Duluth entrance to a depth of 22 feet (H. Doc. No. 221, 60th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of July 27, 1916, provided for continuing improve- ments by enlarging the Superior Harbor Basin (H. Doc. No. 651, 64th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for removing the shoal point in the southerly end of the East Gate Basin (H. Doc. No. 1018, 64th Cong., 1st sess). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1903, page 1808. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions were imposed by law and there was no cooperation other than stated. Congress, by the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894, author- ized the Secretary of War to accept donations of land for the Duluth Canal site. The city of Duluth donated lands for that purpose which cost the city $12,237.04; acceptance was made by the Secretary of War July 12, 1897. The following work has been done for the benefit of the public with funds supplied by other sources than Congress: In 1870 the Lake Superior & Mississippi Railway Co. built 400 linear feet of outer breakwater at Duluth. Estimated cost, $50,000. In 1870 the city of Duluth and Northern Pacific Railway Co. conjointly ex- pended $43,791.84 in cutting Duluth Ship Canal through Minnesota Point. In 1871 and 1872 the city of Duluth built 4,490 linear feet of dike across Superior Bay at a cost of $76,404.38. Terminal facilities.-The harbor frontage* is owned as follows: Railroad companies, about 22 per cent; private individuals, com- anies, or corporations, about 77 per cent; and less than 1 per cent byThe municipalities. entire harbor area is 19 square miles, with about 49 linear miles of harbor frontage, only 6 miles of which are occupied by wharves. There are 10 railroads connecting with the water terminals either directly or through affiliated lines. The iron-ore docks are 9 in number, aggregating 18,720 feet in length, with a total combinedstorage capacity of 960,000 gross tons. 1288 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The coal docks, 24 in number, have an aggregate storage capacity of 11,305,000 tons of 2,000 pounds. There are 26 elevators in the harbor, with a total storage capacity of 36,325,000 bushels; a modern cement elevator, with storage ca- pacity for 114,000 barrels of cement and unloading capacity of 1,000 barrels per hour. The ore docks, coal docks, and elevators are for the most part equipped with modern, up-to-date machinery, and the facilities for handling ore, coal, and grain are probably not surpassed by any other port. All of these wharves, docks, and two of the elevators are private. Twenty-three of the elevators are public in the sense that they will handle grain for the public, and are declared regular by the rules of the board of trade. The facilities for handling package freight, lumber, and general merchandise are very primitive and susceptible of vast improvement. A new terminal plant will be put in commission during the season of 1923 which is expected to be complete and modern and will facilitate the handling of package and 'perishable freight at this harbor. The plant is privately owned but open to the public at the usual charges. There are 3 shipbuilding yards and 43 wharves handling freight other than iron ore, coal, and grain. Of these wharves 16 are open to public use, 8 without charge. The only publicly owned wharves in the harbor are 5 street ends in Duluth and 2 street ends in Superior. The terminal facilities are believed to be adequate for existing commerce in so far as bulk commodities are concerned, and are being increased as necessity demands but inadequate as to equipment for handling package freight. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the work done under the existing and previous projects has been to facilitate navigation by means of deeper and wider channels, with commodious anchorage and turning basins and safe entrances to the harbor, as well as to give refuge to vessels seeking shelter from storms. Through these improvements, which permit the use of larger vessels, freight rates have been materially reduced. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No new work was done. Maintenance work was performed during the fiscal year, consisting of the following items: Riprap was placed at Duluth Canal along channel side of 560 linear feet of south and 300 linear feet of north pier, 1,058 tons at a cost of $2,865.34; dredging to remove shoals in East Gate Basin from an area of 1.7 acres, by contract, 6,165 cubic yards at a cost of $1,220.04, and by United States plant, 177 cubic yards at a cost of $125.35; surveys for harbor soundings, $1,518.18; repairs to fences inclosing North and South Base Triangulation Sta- tions, $192.59; construction of steel derrick boat by contract, $8,303.57; operation of harbor patrol boat Nemadji, $4,830.33; main- tenance of docks, grounds, and buildings, $3,323.30; care, operation, and maintenance of floating plant, $5,300.91. The expenditure was $31,710.31, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 95 per cent completed. With the exception of completing the enlargement of RIVERS AND HARBORS--DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT. 1289 Superior Harbor Basin, authorized by the river and harbor act of July 27, 1916, the existing project is regarded as completed, and the following has been accomplished: Seventeen miles of channels dredged to a depth of 20 feet below low-water datum, with a width of from 100 to 600 feet, with turning basins at channel junctions, completed in 1902; new piers at Duluth Canal of concrete on stone- filled cribs founded on piles aggregating 3,468 feet in length, com- pleted in 1901; concrete park and sea walls built and parks filled to grade at Duluth Canal and an engineer building for offices and watchmen accommodations built in the north canal park, completed in 1906; a vessel yard with proper slip, pier, warehouses, boathouse, and watchman quarters, constructed on United States lands on Min- nesota Point near Duluth Canal, completed in 1904; Duluth Harbor Basin, with an area of 446 acres, with 22 feet depth, completed in 1915; the approach to Duluth entrance dredged to 30 feet below low- water datum and the canal deepened to 24 feet, completed in 1907; the canal at Superior Entry widened to 500 feet, and all-concrete piers, aggregating 3,680 feet in length, completed in 1909; lake ap- proach to canal entrance deepened to 30 feet and canal to 24 feet, completed in 1909; converging breakwaters comprising 4,205 linear feet of rubble mound, 900 linear feet of stone-filled crib and concrete superstructure pierheads founded on piles, and 896 linear feet of concrete shore revetments on pile foundations, all completed in 1912; enlargement of East Gate Basin completed in 1920, with a present total area of basin 209.8 acres and depth of 20 feet; Superior Entry stilling basin, with an area of 35 acres and depth of 24 feet, com- pleted in 1915; Superior Harbor Basin, and its enlargement now has an area of 265 acres and the enlargement is 79 per cent com- pleted, with a depth of 20 feet. All piers and revetments are rip- rapped. The controlling depth in this harbor and up the St. Louis River to a point opposite the southerly end of Big Island is 20 feet at low- water datum, as shown by surveys completed in February, 1923.. There is some shoaling along the side of channels and basins. The head of navigation for small craft, rafts, and logging is at Fond du Lac, on the St. Louis River. The Duluth Canal piers, the warehouses and buildings at the United States vessel yard, and the engineer office building in Duluth Canal Park are all in good condition. The vessel landing pier at the United States vessel yard, which was decayed, was repaired during the fiscal year, 1920, and the bulkhead wharf during the fiscal years 1921-22. The movement of the piers at Superior Entry has been materially reduced by removing some of the sand back filling. These piers need riprap in places, where riprap has settled or sand scoured away. Otherwise the piers are in good condition. The shore line at the inner end of the north breakwater which was wearing away was filled in with hydraulic dredgings from Superior Harbor Basin in 1919-20, and is now in good condition, al- though the shore line is gradually receding. The expenditure under the existing project was $5,605,574.62 for new work, and $1,117,- 147.39 for maintenance, a total of $6,722,722.01. 1290 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended will be expended, as follows: For new work: Dredging enlargement of Superior Harbor Basin__ $13, 000. 00 Surveys, administration, and contingencies-------- 2, 725. 67 $15, 725. 67 For maintenance: Repairs to breakwaters and piers- Operation of derrick boat, pile driver, and tug_ 8, 000. 00 Dredging shoals- Operation of United States dredge, tug, and scows, or by contract____------------ 20, 000. 00 Operation harbor patrol______________________ 6, 500. 00 For enlargement of United States vessel yard at Duluth for storage of United States floating plant------------------------------------ 15, 000. 00 Maintenance of buildings, vessel yard, docks, and grounds ----- ___ 8, 000. 00 Watchmen, skilled laborer, heat, light, and water_ 5, 000. 00 Care and maintenance of floating plant------------7, 000. 00 Surveys------------------------------------ 2, 500. 00 Operation of United States Survey boat General C. B. Sears----- --------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Administration and contingencies___ ____- - ___ 18, 585. 32 Payment of liabilities and contract obligations____ 23, 300. 00 118, 885. 32 Total -------------------------------------------- 134, 610. 99 The available funds will be exhausted June 30, 1924. Dredging to remove shoals is necessary to maintain the project depths and to provide for the safe movement of deep-draft ore and coal boats. Riprap for the concrete revetments at Superior Entry and the piers at Duluth Canal is needed to prevent scour next to the structures and stop the leakage of sand from behind them. Main- tenance of the United States engineer office building, warehouse, boathouses, wharves, and grounds is needed. To provide for the necessary work of maintenance during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, the following amount can be profitably expended: For maintenance: Repairs to breakwaters and piers------------------------- $5, 000 Operation of dredging plant-___---___- ____-___- 9, 000 Proportional cost of dump scow for maintenance dredging------- 14, 000 Operation of harbor patrol---------------------------------7, 000 Care and maintenance of buildings, docks, grounds, and floating plant-----------------------------------8, 000 Surveys ------------------------------- 2, 000 Administration and contingencies--------- ____ -- -______ -_ 7, 500 Total -- ---------------------------- 52, 500 Commercial statistics.--In order of value, receipts consisted of coal, oils, manufactured iron, machinery, limestone, flax, automobiles, and salt; shipments consisted of iron ore, wheat, flour, rye, corn, butter, flax, copper, oats, wool, barley, and coal. Comparative statement. Calendaryear. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. VaPie. Passengers 1918....... 53,746,358 $537,514,906 22, 732 1921.......... 30, 083 555 $330, 512,89Y1' 43, 368 1919..... ... 42 895 681 444, 037, 628 40, 119 1922........ 38, 202,074 365, 660,138 40, 205 1920.. ...... 46,808,613 552,900,033 43,876 RIVERS AND HARBORS-DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT. 1291 Of the total receipts, coal constituted 81.6 per cent, limestone 6.6, sand, gravel and stone 4, oils 1.6, and the balance, or 6.2 per cent, was composed of automobiles, cement, fish, grains, salt, manufactured iron, machinery, manganese ore, lumber, and unclassified. Of the ship- ments, iron ore constituted 86.6 per cent; grains, flour, and feed, 12.3; and the balance, or 1.1 per cent,.was composed of coal, copper, lumber, cement, wool, salt, butter, eggs, oils, and unclassified. Bulk freight constituted 97.7 per cent and package freight 2.3 per cent of the total receipts and shipments. Average value of imports was $24.74 per short ton and of the exports $3.54 per ton (iron ore only). The average value of bulk freight received and shipped was $6.83 per ton and of the package freight $126.63 per ton. The term " bulk " freight includes commodities handled loose or in cargo lots consisting principally of coal, iron ore, lumber, grains, oils, limestone, cement, salt, sand and gravel. " Package " freight includes all com- modities in crates, boxes, bags, barrels, and bundles, or otherwise assembled. There is a marked increase in the receipts of some commodities: Automobiles 179 per cent, limestone 47, lumber, poles and pulpwood 100, manganese ore 250, sandstone 53, wheat screenings 213, sand and gravel 74 per cent. In shipments the increases are shown in eggs 106 per cent, wool 46, hay 225, oats 154, rye 197, corn 185, cement 214, lumber 77, iron ore 71, pig iron 100, and manufactured iron 100 per cent. The principal items which show a decrease in shipments are feed 90 per cent, shingles 82, pulpwood 68, salt 46, and flax 39 per cent. In receipts wheat shows a decrease of 93 per cent, hard coal 69, soft coal 38, oils 55, fish 26, potatoes 25, and cement 23 per cent. The iron ore, coal, grains, oils, limestone, and a part of the cement was carried on vessels drawing 18 to 21 feet of water and represent- ing 96 per cent of the total tonnage of the receipts and shipments. Lumber, salt, manufactured iron, machinery, flour, copper, and a part of the cement and unclassified freight were carried by vessels drawing 12 to 17 feet of water, representing 3 per cent of the total tonnage. The balance was carried by vessels drawing from°6 to 12 feet. The increase in freight tonnage is due to the general betterment of trade conditions throughout the country. Valuations average about the same as for 1921. With deeper channels and more commodious basins, the tendency is to increase the dimensions of vessels and weight of cargoes. No new lines of transportation were established during the year. All classes doing business at this harbor make use of Government im- provements; but a very small proportion (possibly not more than one-tenth of 1 per cent) could carry on their business without the aid of the improvements. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $68,436.17: New work----- -------------------------------- $7, 152, 769.62 Maintenance ------------------------ __-__ 1, 117, 147. 39 Net total expended ------------------------------- 8,269, 917. 01 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------- 8, 404, 528. 00 1292 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ $2,000. 00 $$272, 057. 44 $99, 467. 01 $498.50 ............. Expended for maintenance 1..... 57, 575. 22 31,561.25 48, 234. 83 28, 569. 15 $31, 710.31 Total expended 1.......... 59, 575.22 303,618.69 147, 701.84 29,067.65 31,710.31 Appropriated or allotted......... 83, 000. 00 36, 000. 00 50, 500. 00 68, 500. 00 50, 500. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended__--------------------- $115, 821. 30 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923--------------- -- _--------- 50, 500. 00 166, 321. 30 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance ------------------------------------------------ 31, 710. 31 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------- 134, 610, 99 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities $5, 300. 00 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts- 18, 000. 00 23, 300. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available, including $95,585.32 available only for maintenance---______-------- 111, 310. 99 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------- ------------------------------ 1265,000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance------------------------------152, 500. 00 4. HARBOR AT PORT WING, WIS. (A4.) Location and description.--The harbor is situated on the south shore of Lake Superior 34 miles east of Duluth. It has a width of 200" feet and a length of about 2,000 feet, and consists of the im- provement of the mouth of Flag River. (See U. S. Lake Survey Chart No. 9, Lake Superior.) Original conditi..--The harbor was improved with jetties and dredging by private interests. The jetties at the entrance were rough timber cribs 250 feet long and 270 feet apart. A channel varying in width from 70 to 130 feet was dredged, permitting a draft of 13 feet at low water to a point 2,000 feet inside the entrance piers. No regular commerce had developed, owing to the unstable nature of the channel, which was subject to serious shoaling from freshets in. the river. Previous projects.--None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 150 feet wide with 15-foot depth to be dredged between the piers and 500 feet along the pile revetment parallel to the spit, and for the construction of two parallel piers at the entrance 200 feet apart and 800 and 825 feet long, respectively, the piers to consist of two rows of piling filled in with slabs and topped with large rock. At the inner end of the east pier a square return pile revetment to be constructed to preserve the sand spit from erosion, also a pile revetment along theeast bank. The ordinary variation of water level extends from 0 to 1 foot above low-water datum. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Superior, which is taken at 601.6 feet above mean 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT. 1293 tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to a depth of 13.9 feet on the Lake Survey Coast Chart No. 96 of this locality. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1908, is $56,539. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902 (H. Doc. No. 114, 56th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published maps see Annual Report for 1903, page 1810. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--The river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, provided that before the commencement of operations the United States should be given a clear title, without cost, to all lands needed for the improvement. This provision was complied with by a deed to the United States, dated July 9, 1902, conveying 7 acres of land at the harbor entrance. Private interests have maintained a channel along the lumber wharf for distances varying at different times from 100 to 2,000 feet above the Government improvement. This channel fills up with material brought down the river by freshets and has to be redredged often. . Terminal facilities.-The wharves are all privately owned. They consist of a timber merchandise and fish wharf about 200 feet long and a lumber wharf about 1,000 feet long. The merchandise and fish wharf is open to the public, a charge being made for merchandise handled over it. The terminal facilities are adequate for the existing commerce, but as the existing merchan- dise wharf is owned by a transportation company, competition is stifled. It is therefore considered desirable that a small publicly owned wharf be provided to insure adequate facilities on equal terms to all interests. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The construction of the harbor has been an essential factor in the development of the commerce of Port Wing, whereas there was practically none prior to commencement of im- provements. There is no rail connection. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The northerly 300 linear feet of the west side of the west pier, and 50 feet of the east side of the east pier were repaired by installing 106 pieces of gal- vanized sheet iron, extending from a foot above to a foot below low- water datum, on the piling to protect them from wear of ice. One hundred and fifty linear feet of the south end of the west side of the west pier was repaired by the use of brush fascines, small stone, riprap, and sand back fill. The cost of the pier repairs was $1,222.69. A channel 200 feet long with a least width of 70 feet and a con- trolling depth of 13 feet was dredged through a bar at the south end of the improved channel; 2,394 cubic yards were removed from the channel and 1,575 cubic yards were overcast into the back fill,. a total of 3,969 cubic yards, at a cost of $2,082.52, or $0.52 per cubic yard. The work was done in August and October, 1922, by Government plant and hired labor. Additional material in amount of about 3,383 cubic yards of coarse sand for building purposes was removed from the shoal in channel between the piers by privately owned plant under permit and without cost to the United States. Surveys of the har- 1294 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. bor were made at a cost of $66.26. The proportional cost of con- struction of derrick boat was $2,000. The expenditure was $5,171.94, all for maintenance, surveys, administration, and contingencies. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 90 per cent completed. Two entrance piers, 800 and 825 feet long, respec- tively, were constructed, this work being completed in 1917. A pile revetment 45 feet in length was built at the inner end of the east pier and at right angles to it. An entrance channel 150 feet wide in the lake approach and 100 feet wide in the harbor, extending from deep water in the lake to a distance of 200 feet inside of the inner end of the east pier, and a portion of the turning slip 150 feet wide and extending 200 feet east of the face of the east pier was dredged, all to a depth of 15 feet below low-water datum. The improvement has been maintained by dredging shoals and repairing piers. The controlling depth in the channel is 13.0 feet below low-water datum, as shown by a survey of May 26, 1923. The east pier shows deterioration due to decay and wear of ice. Except for the wear of ice on the Piles the west pier is in good con- dition at present. There is some settlement of the stone and slab filling along the outer 200 feet of each pier. The existing channel meets the present needs of commerce. More work is needed to protect the piles from the wear of ice and to fasten wale timbers that have worked loose. More stone is also needed to fill the piers where settlement has occurred. There remains some pile revetment to build and dredging to widen the entrance channel 50 feet and extend the channel along the sand spit 300 feet, not needed at present, to complete the project. The expenditures were $48,355.23 for new work and $40,836.22 for main- tenance, a total of $89,191.45. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended bal- ance for maintenance, as follows: Dredging to remove shoals: Operation of United States plant__________-----_______ ___ $500. 00 Pier repairs: Operation of United States plant and purchase of materials------ 500. 00 Surveys------------------------------- ---- 100. 00 Administration and contingencies______ -____- - - - - 500. 55 Total ------ ---------------------------------- 1, 600. 55 It is expected these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. Additional funds will be needed for maintenance during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 as follows: Maintenance dredging and pier repairs: Operation of United States dredging plant-------- --------- $1, 000 Proportional cost of dump scow for maintenance dredging-------- 2, 000 Pier repairs: Operation of United States derrick boat and purchase of material- 300 Surveys----... --------------------------------------------- 100 Administration and contingencies--- 6-------------- Total --------------------------------------- 4, 000 The increased amount required for maintenance is due to the necessity for an additional dump scow to efficiently operate United States dredging plant. RIVERS AND HARBORS---DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT. 1295 Commercial statistics.-Receipts consisted of vegetable food prod- ucts, lumber, coal, cement, salt, and unclassified freight. Shipments consisted of cattle, fish, vegetable food products and unclassified freight. Comparative Statement. Years. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Years. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918 .......... 2, 844 $192,224 51 1921.......... 893 $96,435 11,944 1919 ........... 2,978 183,553 13,778 1922.......... 1,327 72,949 65 1920........... 2,310 185,045 1 5,281 1 Mostly excursionists. No new lines of transportation were established during the year. Of the total freight handled during the season of 1922, 33 per cent was vegetable food products; wood products, 20 per cent; cement and coal, 18; cattle and fish, 6; and the balance, or 23 per cent, was general merchandise and unclassified freight. Most of the freight was handled in vessels with a limiting draft of 15 feet. The increase in freight tonnage was due to the greater amount of wood and wood products received and shipped, and to the increase in vegetable food products received and shipped. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work---------------- ------------------------ $48, 355. 23 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 40, 836. 22 Net total expended ____ _______ ______---__ _- 89, 191.45 Total appropriations to date of this report__--______ --- __-90, 792. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work................. ........................... Expended for maintenance ..... $62. 75 $1,695.46 $614.96 $1, 975.50 $5, 171.94 Appropriated or allotted........ 3, 000.00 .............. 4,300.00 2,500.00 1,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended_____________ - ______-----$5, 772. 49 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923_ -------------------------------------- 1,000. 00 6, 772. 49 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 5, 171. 94 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_--------- -------------- 1, 600. 55 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project____-- - ___-____ - -_____ - 18, 200. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance ---------------- ----------------- 4, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. 61637-ENG 1923--82 1296 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 5. HARBOR AT ASHLAND, WIS. (A5.) Location and description.-The harbor is situated at the head of Chequamegon Bay, on the south shore of Lake Superior, 95 miles by water east of Duluth and 348 miles west from Sault Ste. Marie. The harbor is at the head of a bay about 5 by 12 miles and is sepa- rated from the lake by a sand spit. There is a deep channel 2 miles wide between this spit and the mainland. This entrance channel is partly sheltered from lake storms by the Apostle Islands. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 9, Lake Superior.) Original condition.-The depth along the harbor front varied from 8 to 20 feet, the westerly portion being from 8 to 13 feet deep, 8 feet at low water being the minimum usable depth. The bay itself had ample natural depth for commerce. The harbor was subject to more or less .disturbance from waves generated within the bay, which made it dangerous for vessels to lie on the windward side of docks in northeast storms. Previous projects.-None. Existing project. This provides for the construction and'main- tenance of an 8,000-foot breakwater and the construction and main- tenance of a dredged channel 20 feet deep and 200 feet wide along the dock front, 75 feet outside the harbor line from Ellis Avenue produced to a point 400 feet westerly of Seventeenth Avenue west produced. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Su- perior, which is taken at 601.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to a depth of 18.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart No. 964 of this locality. The ordinary variation of water level extends from 0 to +1 foot above low-water datum. .The latest approved estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1917, is $269,994.31. The latest (1916) estimate for annual cost of main- tenance is $6,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 5, 1886, provided for a breakwater 7,900 feet long and dredging to remove shoal (H. Ex. Doc. No. 89, 48th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1886, p. 1674, and 1887, p. 1966), the act of August 11, 1888, appropriated $60,000 for "con- tinuing improvement on the enlarged project." On the completion of the Poe Lock in 1896, with an available depth of 20 feet, the dredging at Ashland Harbor was carried to a similar depth; the act of March 3, 1899, provided for the extension of the breakwater to the shore, but the act of June 6, 1900, directed that in lieu of this extension there should be substituted a detached breakwater extend- ing 4,700 feet out from the shore at a point 2,600 feet east of the main breakwater (prolonged) and parallel thereto; the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the completion of this improvement, omitting the dike to close the breach in Chequamegon Point and the detached breakwater, and defining the depth and extent of channel to be dredged. (H. Doc. No. 1698, 64th Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--None. RIVERS AND HARBORS---DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT. 12 97 Terminal facilities.-The city of Ashland owns 1,100 feet of water front for future public needs, but has no wharves on it. The city leases a timber merchandise wharf 1,300 feet in length and about 40 feet wide, which is open to general public use. There are no publicly owned*wharves. The following privately owned wharves are in use: 4 modern ore docks, aggregate length of 6,348 feet, with a total of 265,600 gross tons storage capacity. 4 latest improved coal docks, aggregating 3,750 feet in length by 1,075 feet width. 1 pig-iron wharf, 1,000 by 60 feet. 5 lumber wharves, totaling about 5,200 feet in length. There are also some abandoned lumber wharves. These wharves are served by railroads with the exception of those for handling lumber. The facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Before these improvements were made, the shoal water in front of the wharves limited the size of vessels to about 8 feet draft. Vessels drawing 12 to 21 feet carry 98 per cent of the commerce. The improvement has had a material effect in lowering freight rates on bulk commodities, such as iron ore, coal, and lumber, by reason of the increased tonnage which can be handled. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Repairs to the break- water were in progress during parts of July, September, and October, at such times as Government plant was available from other work. A total of 2,427 tons of sandstone and 1,984 tons of stone of igneous origin were put in place on the breakwater at a cost of $8,659.77, or $1.96 per ton in place. The equivalent of 360 linear feet of break- water was completed and 775 linear feet were partially completed. A survey of the dredged channel was made at a cost of $206.74. The work was all done by United States plant and hired labor. Proportional cost of derrick-boat construction, by contract, $10,- 270.91. The expenditures, which were for breakwater repairs, der- rick-boat construction, surveys, administration and contingencies, amounted to $18,699.95, all of which was for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is completed. The breakwater, 8,000 feet long, with timber crib and concrete super- structure pierhead, was completed in July, 1913. The dredged channel was completed in 1918. The controlling depth was 20 feet below low-water datum in January, 1923. The sandstone covering on the breakwater has settled and worn away in many places. The equivalent of 3,211 linear feet of break- water, where such wear and settlement had occurred, has been cov- ered with stone. There remains 789 linear feet of breakwater which is partially repaired with stone along the center of the break- water, but needs more stone to complete the slopes. The expenditure was $263,426.97 for new work and $396,794.57 for maintenance, a total of $660,221.54. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended will be applied to maintenance in removing shoals and placing covering stone on por- tions of the breakwater where settlement and wear of the sandstone has occurred and for betterment of floating plant. 1298 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. For maintenance: Repairs to breakwater- Operation of United States derrick boat and tug and pur- chase of materials__________ _________-- ___ - $4, 000. 00 For enlargement of United States vessel yard at Duluth for storage of United States plant--------------------------1, 000. 00 Dredging to remove shoals- Operation of U. S. dredge Gaillard, tug, and scows------- 1, 000. 00 Surveys ----------------------------------------------- 200. 00 Administration and contingencies__________________ ___ -2, 039. 46 Outstanding liabilities _________________________ 39. 00 Total ---------------------------------------------- 8, 278. 46 The funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. Covering stone is needed on the breakwater where the original sandstone has settled and worn away, and the improved channel should' be maintained at project depth. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 ($11,000), will be applied to maintenance, as follows: For maintenance: Operation of United States derrick boat and tug ____ -___-___-$3, 000 Operation of United States dredging plant , 000 1____________ Proportional cost of dump scow for maintenance dredging----------5, 000 Surveys_---------- ------------------------------------ 300 Administration and contingencies___-- ___--- 1, 700 --------------- Total___------- --------------------------------------- 11, 000 The increased amount required for maintenance is due to the neces- sity for repairs to the breakwater and for an additional dump scow to operate efficiently United States dredging plant. Commercial statistics.-Receipts consisted of coal, wood products, machinery, and unclassified; shipments consisted of lumber, iron ore, and pig iron. Comparative statement. Rafted logs. Calendar years. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Tons. Value. 1918............................... . 9,361,221 $38,240,610 (2) 63,740 $254, 960 1919............................... 7,346,243 31,552,340 132,435 35,052 324, 930 1920............ ....... ............. 9,836,329 47, 043,455 (2) 28, 912 290, 287 1921 ................... .. ......... 3,183,453 13,868,164 (2) 19, 798 188, 000 1922 ................................. 7,064,184 7.. 27,118 868 (2) 2, 400 24, 000 1 Ferry to Washburn, Bayfield, and Apostle Islands. 2 Unknown. No new lines of transportation were established during the year. All classes of vessels make use of the Government improvements. Before these improvements were made only small draft vessels could make use of the harbor. All of the known vessels doing business at this harbor in 1922 required a draft of from 12 to 21 feet. Of the total commerce of the harbor, iron ore and pig iron consti- tuted 92 per cent; coal 7 per cent; and the balance or 1 per cent was made up of lumber, sand and gravel, and unclassified freight. The increase in tonnage and valuation over 1921 was due to the general improvement in business conditions throughout the country. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT. 1299 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work----------------------------------------- $263, 426. 97 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 396, 794. 57 Net total expended 221. 54 6-------------------------- Total appropriations to date of this report _________________ 668, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work......... $3,432.66............................. Expended for maintenance...... 6, 622.51 $2,378.01 $1, 500.41 $321.10 $18, 699.95 Appropriated or allotted......... 6,000.00 .............. 1.............. 12,000.00 6,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------------------------$20, 978. 41 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923 ---------------------------------- 6, 000. 00 26, 978. 41 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for main- tenance----------------------------------------------18, 699. 95 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended__-- 8,278. 46 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities----------------------------- 39. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available ------------------------------ 8, 239. 46 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance____________________________ 111, 000. 00 6. HARBOR AT ONTONAGON, MICH. (A6.) Location and description.-The harbor is situated on the south shore of Lake Superior, 136 miles east of Duluth and 274 miles west of Sault Ste. Marie. It consists of the improvement of the mouth of Ontonagon River. The section of the river under Government improvement is 3,000 feet long and varies in width from 240 feet between the entrance piers to 400 feet inside the piers. It is also necessary to dredge the lake approach for a distance of 650 feet outside the end of the piers. (See United States Lake Survey chart No. 9, Lake Superior.) Original condition.-The mouth of Ontonagon River was about 400 feet wide, and for a distance of about one-half mile from the lake had a depth of 8 to 12 feet. River deposits extended nearly half a mile into the lake, with a minimum depth of 6 feet on the bar thus formed. The available depth over the bar changed and the channel shifted from time to time, due to the action of current and sea, making the navigation of the harbor uncertain. Previous project.-It was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1867. The amount expended was $284,801.24 for new work and $113,326.76 for maintenance, a total of $398,128 prior to com- mencement of work under existing project in 1911. For scope of previous project see page 1931 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-The existing project provides for a channel 150 feet wide, 17 feet deep through the bar in the lake, 100 feet wide, and 15 feet deep between the entrance piers, and two short channels 75 1Exclusive of available funds. 1300 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. feet wide and 15 feet deep leading from the inner end of the Govern- ment piers to the nearest end of the principal wharves on each side of the river, and for maintenance of this channel and the 4,990 linear feet of entrance piers. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Superior, which is taken at 601.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to a depth of 15.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart No. 95 of this locality for the lake approach and 13.9 feet between piers. The ordinary variation of water level extends from 0 to +1 foot above low-water datum. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1910, is $15,400, exclusive of amount expended on previous project. The latest (1916) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $9,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1867, provided for the entrance piers; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for a channel 15 feet deep at low-water datum and pier repairs (H. Doc. No. 602, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are no publicly owned wharves. There are three lumber wharves and one merchandise wharf. Only one lumber and the merchandise wharf are in active use. The merchan- dise wharf, which is 200 feet long, is open to general public use. The lumber wharves have a frontage of 400, 1,550, and 1,300 feet, respectively. There is rail connection to the merchandise wharf and to two of the lumber wharves. The terminal facilities are adequate for the commerce of the harbor. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Without the Government improvements this harbor would soon be closed to navigation for anything but very small craft. The improvement has had a material effect in lowering water rates on bulk commodities, such as lumber, by reason of the increased tonnage which can be handled in the harbor by large vessels. The harbor was used as a refuge, but the number of boats using it as such is not known. Greatest draft of vessel entering or departing was 12 feet. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Repairs were made to the east pier by placing 1,267 tons of sandstone where decking was decayed or washed off and the crib filling exposed. The cost of this work amounted to $3,009.96, or $2.38 per ton of stone in place. It covered an area of 9,285 square feet, which is 32 per cent of the area to be covered in the length of 1,445 feet extending shoreward from the pierhead to comparatively new and sound timber decking. Fifty- four per cent of this area was covered previously, making a total of 86 per cent of the proposed area covered to date. The work was done by United States plant and hired labor. The proportional cost of construction of derrick boat was $5,000. Soundings were taken over the entrance channel in November, 1922, and in May, 1923, at a cost of $459.87. The expenditures amounted to $8,202.17, all of which was for maintenance, consisting of pier repairs, derrick-boat con- struction, surveys, watchman's services, administration, and con- tingencies. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The channels were completed in 1911 with the exception of about 75 feet of the south end leading to RIVERS AND HARBORS-DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT. 1301 the wharf on the east side of the river, which is not at present needed. The project is about 98 per cent completed. As shown by the survey in May, 1923, the bar in the lake approach has shoaled to a least depth of 9.1 feet, and the channel between piers has shoaled to a least depth of 8.8 feet at a point 300 feet inside of the end of the west pier, while the controlling depth to the lumber wharf on the east side of the harbor is 10.7 feet. The limiting draft for vessels entering the harbor is now 10 feet. The east and west piers, 2,360 and 2,572 feet in length, respec- tively, are in parts still in a serious state of deterioration and in need of extensive repairs due to natural decay and damage by storms. The expenditure under the existing project was $113,295.72, of which $4,260 was for new work and $109,035.72 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance will be applied to maintenance, as follows: For maintenance: Removal of shoals by contract _________--------$7, 500. 00 Surveys -- ---------------------------------------- 200. 00 Administration and contingencies _____________----- ------- 509. 28 Outstanding liabilities ------------------------------------- 42. 00 Total --------------------------------------------- 8, 251. 28 The funds will be exhausted June 30, 1924. Deposits from the river during freshets fill up the channels, which for a number of years necessitated dredging annually. Upon the completion of log- ging operations on the river and the removal of sorting works, sheer booms, etc., the amount of shoaling was large. Because of the necessity for dredging and of small appropria- tions for a number of years, the piers have been neglected and are now in a bad state of decay, requiring extensive repairs to super- structures. As commerce has practically ceased using this harbor, only such repairs to the piers as may be necessary to keep them from going entirely to pieces will be made until there is a revival of commerce. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 ($1,500), will be applied to maintenance, as follows: For maintenance : Pier repairs by United States plant__________________-___- $1, 000 Administration and contingencies----------------------------500 Total------------ ---------------------------------- 1, 500 Commercial statistics.-Receipts consisted of fish, logs, posts, and ties; shipments consisted of hay and oats. Comparative statement. Rafted logs. Calendar year. . Short tons. Value. Tons. Value. 1918................................................... 1,406 $64,305 (1) (1) 1919............................................ 3,069 75,520 720 $9,000 1920................................................... 2,950 126,313 1,026 18,402 1921................................. ... ........... 80 11,200 1,000 10,000 1922..................................................89 11,810 511 5, 860 1No record. No record of passengers. 1302 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. No new lines of transportation were established during the year. All vessels doing business at this harbor make use of the Govern- ment improvements and are dependent on such improvements. Greatest draft of vessels entered or departed about 13 feet. Of the total freight handled at this harbor during the past year, 85 per cent was wood products, towed in rafts; 12 per cent was fish; and the balance, or 3 per cent, was hay and oats. No foreign receipts or shipments. Not a port of entry. Increase in the number of arrivals and departures, 264 boats. Increase in the net registered tonnage, 1,092 tons. Passengers carried, 1915, 280; other years, no record. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $28: New work----------- ------------------------------ $289, 061. 24 Maintenance---------------------------------------- 222, 362. 48 Net total expended--------- ----- ------------- 511, 423. 72 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 519, 675. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work..................... ............... ...- Expended for maintenance 1.... $2,883.21 $6, 789. 11 $4,073.41 $7, 894.71 $8, 202. 17 Appropriated or allotted........ 6,000.00 ............. 14,000.00 14,000.00 ....... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ------------------------ $16, 453. 45 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 8, 202. 17 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_----------------------------- 8, 251. 28 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------------------------------ 42. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available--------------------------- 8, 209. 28 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance __------------------------------ 1, 500. 00 7. KEWEENAW WATERWAY, MICH. (A7.) Location and description.-Keweenaw Waterway is a navigable channel 25 miles long, partly natural and partly artificial, across Keweenaw Point, Mich., with its upper or westerly entrance 166.5 miles east of Duluth, Minn., and its lower or easterly entrance 205.5 miles west of Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. It consists of a continuous channel across Keweenaw Point with minimum width of 120 feet. The entrances are protected by breakwaters, and harbors of refuge with mooring piers are conveniently located for both entrances. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 944.) Originalcondition.-At the time of the purchase of this waterway by the United States on August 3, 1891, there was a very poor 13- foot navigation; the channel was narrow and crooked, with many 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT. 1303 sharp bends; it was poorly marked and lighted; the entrance piers were in very bad condition; the revetments were decayed or entirely gone; and there was a tonnage tax on the-commerce through the canals. The width of channels in use was 70 feet, and the usable low-water depth was 12.5 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a navigable channel across Keweenaw Point approximately 25 miles long, 20 feet deep, with least bottom width of 120 feet, with necessary pile and timber revet- ments; a stone-filled timber pier at the lower entrance extending to 20-foot depth of water, 3,714 feet long; converging stone-filled timber breakwaters at upper entrance, with westerly breakwater 2,745 feet long and easterly breakwater 2,485 feet; with an upper entrance anchorage basin 3,600 feet long by 600 feet wide, with 5,924 feet of pile-timber mooring piers; a lower anchorage basin one-half mile long and 800 feet wide, with a pile-timber mooring pier 2,000 feet long; and a curved cut-off channel at Princess Point, 200 feet wide 20 feet deep, and about three-fourths of a mile long. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Superior, which is taken at 601.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to a depth of 18.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart No. 944 of this locality. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, is $2,723,000. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $15,000. On account of its length the waterway is affected in a very slight degree by lake fluctuations of short duration. The annual fluctua- tion is about 1 foot. The improvements have had no material effect upon the fluctuations. The existing project was- authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for a 16-foot channel of 70 feet bottom width from bay to lake, the renewal of canal revetments, the reconstruction and extension of piers at Lake Superior entrance to 30-foot depth of water, and at the proper time to increase the channel depth to 20 feet with bottom width of not less than 120 feet; by modification approved March 15, 1898, the increase in width and depth of channel was authorized (H. Doc. No. 105, 49th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for an anchorage basin just within the lower entrance about one-half mile long, 800 feet wide, a mooring pier on its westerly side 2,000 feet in length, and the purchase of the necessary land (H. Doc. No. 325, 60th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the Princess Point cut-off channel. (H. Doc. No. 835, 63d Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-Thereare 32 privately owned wharves having a combined length of 19,040 linear feet, which are served by improve- ments made along Keweenaw Waterway. They are known as lumber, commercial, machinery, oil, and copper wharves, and coal docks; 17 of these wharves, with a total length of 8,150 linear feet, are open to public use, while 15, with a length of 10,890 feet, are for private use only. The city of Hancock has one publicly owned wharf. The city of Houghton has wharf improvements at the ends of three streets. 1304 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. It is considered that the facilities are adequate for existing com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc.No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Navigation on Lake Superior has been rendered safer by the improvement of this waterway, inasmuch as vessels use it during stormy weather instead of rounding Keweenaw Point. The number of vessels using the upper harbor of refuge dur- ing the season of 1922 was 70, tonnage 112,541; at lower harbor of refuge 26, tonnage 45,266. Commercial facilities in connection with railroads are better served in this important copper-mining district by the use of larger vessels for the transportation of freight, which was not possible before the enlargement of the waterway by the United States. The effect on freight rates has been to materially reduce them. Operations and results during fiscal year.-New work consisted of dredging Princess Point Cut-off Channel, Portage. River, where 290,525 cubic yards of material were removed in scows. This chan- nel has a total length of 4,450 feet, of which 3,550 linear feet was widened 70 feet and 900 linear feet was widened 40 feet. At the close of the fiscal year the channel has a width of 170 feet for a length of 3,550 feet and a width of 140 feet for a length of 900 feet. With the exception of one shoal with a depth of 19 feet the channel has a depth of 20 feet or more. It was opened to navigation on June 11, 1923, until further dredging operations begin. The cost of the work during the fiscal year was $62,154.90 or 21.4 cents per cubic yard, and was done by United States plant and hired labor. Maintenance work consisted of the following items: Repairs to revetments, Lily Pond Mooring Pier, $16,580.73; breakwater repairs at the upper entrance, by contract, $71,533.47; by United States plant, $1,504.27; repairs and betterment of plant, $2,242.21; surveys, $1,630.69; general administration, care and preservation of United States property and regulation of traffic, official inspections, channel maintenance, etc., $10,669.36. Repairs to the breakwaters were com- pleted around both pierheads, along 150 linear feet of the east and 450 linear feet of the west breakwater. With the exception of breakwater repairs under contract, all the work was done by the Government plant, hired labor and purchase of material. The expenditures during the fiscal year were $58,150.91 for new work and $52,310.73 for maintenance, a total of $110,461.64. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The proportion of the existing project accomplished is estimated at 98 per cent. A navigable chan- nel 25 miles long across Keweenaw Point, with 20 feet depth and minimum width of 120 feet, protected at both upper and lower entrances by breakwaters of stone-filled timber cribs aggregating 8,944 feet in length. Stilling basin behind breakwaters at upper entrance. Harbors of refuge conveniently located at both entrances, with mooring piers aggregating 7,924 feet in length. The dredging done in the harbor of refuge at lower entrance has resulted in giving an available basin about 800 feet wide and one-half mile long, with a depth of 20 feet below low-water datum, with exception of a portion of a cut along the east side of basin and some dipper ridges. The controlling depth throughout the waterway is 19.5 feet at low-water datum, as determined by primary survey of 1922. The breakwaters RIVERS AND HARBORS DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT. 1305 at lower entrance were completed in 1900, at upper entrance in 1902, the canal revetments in 1902, and the mooring pier at Portage River harbor of refuge in 1916. The breakwaters at the upper entrance have been seriously damaged by storms and are in need of repairs. The completion of the Portage River harbor of refuge basin to the project width of 800 feet, removing shoals, back filling along mooring pier, and dredging Princess Point cut-off channel remain to be done to complete the existing project. Extensive repairs of structures and" redredging of chahnels will be required indefinitely. The expenditure was $1,940,726.73 for new work and $269,228.69 for maintenance, a total of $2,209,955.42. Proposed operations.-Dredging Princess Point cut-off channel will be continued. This is new work and will be done by United States plant and hired, labor. The maintenance work will consist of dredging as necessary to remove shoals; minor repairs to revet- ments, breakwaters, and piers; construction of derrick boat for breakwater maintenance; extensive repairs to Lily Pond revetments and to the breakwaters at the upper entrance. These breakwaters are now' in aoad state of repair, due to decay of timber and damage by storms. Stone must be placed to repair the damage done, and in some cases part of the superstructure is to be removed before stone can be placed. The balance unexpended will be applied as follows: For new work: Improvement of Princess Point cut-off channel- Dredging operation U. S. dredge Gaillard, tug and scows___---------------------------- $12, 000. 00 Administration and contingencies ____- ______ 1, 513. 57 Total for new work------------------------------ $13, 513. 57 For maintenance: For repairs to breakwaters at upper entrance-- For purchase of rock in place_____________ $40, 000. 00 Engineering and inspection , 000. 00 6------------------ Repairs to Lily Pond mooring piers------------ 30, 000. 00 For channel and general maintenance-- Operation of dredging plant ----------------- 2, 500. 00 Maintenance of piers, revetments, and break- waters; operation of derrick boat and steam tug and purchase of material in such quantity as needed------------------------------ 2, 000. 00 For enlargement of United States vessel yard at Duluth for storage of United States floating plant------------------------------------ 1, 500. 00 Maintenance of buildings, care and preservation of United States property, regulation of traffic, sur- veys, administration, and contingencies------__ 9, 602. 20 Total for maintenance_____ - ___________-- - - - 91, 602. 20 Payment of liabilities and contract obligations July 1, 1923------------------------------------------ 73, 928. 81 Total ----------------------------------------- 179, 044. 58 It is estimated the funds now available will complete repairs to about 470 linear feet of breakwater, which will make a total of about 1,180 linear feet of west breakwater and 150 feet of east breakwater completed at the upper entrance to Keweenaw waterway. It is proposed to continue the repairs to the breakwaters. It is also proposed to repair Lily Pond east mooring pier by replacing 1306 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. badly decayed and damaged superstructure with concrete. The funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924, and additional funds are needed to carry on the work. It is proposed to complete the project for the Portage River harbor of refuge by completing the dredging to full project width and depth and back filling behind the mooring pier. No funds are now available for this work. General repairs and maintenance will be constant as long as funds are available. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 ($167,500), will be applied to new work and to maintenance, as follows: For new work: Operation of United States dredging plant to complete Portage River harbor of refuge-------------------- $5,800 Administration and contingencies__________-------------- 1,200 $7, 000 Operation of United States dredging plant to complete Princess Point cut-off channel____________----------- 30,000 Administration and contingencies_________------------ 4, 500 9--- 34, 500 Total for new work----------------------------------- 41, 500 For maintenance: Repairs to upper entrance breakwaters- Operation of United States derrick boat or by con- tract as may be most advantageous to the United States --------------------------------------- $66, 000 Admin'stration and contingencies-- -____-__-____- 9, 000 For breakwater, mooring piers, and revetment repairs- Operation of derrick boat, pile driver, concrete mixer, and tug_ ---------------------------------- 11, 500 Purchase of materials in such quantity as needed ... 13, 500 For channel and general maintenance- Operation of United States dredging plant----------- 3, 000 Proportional cost of dump scow for maintenance dredging ------------------------------------ 11,000 Operation of derrick boat and tug-------- ----------- 3, 000 Maintenance of buildings, care and preservation of United States property, administration, and contingencies----- 9,000 126, 000 Total---------------------------------- ---- 167,500 The increase in the amount of annual maintenance is required for extraordinary repairs to breakwaters and mooring piers at Lily Pond harbor of refuge. Commercial statistics.-All classes of vessels navigating Lake Superior are making use of the Government improvements to some extent, but only a small portion of the vessels engaged in business with ports on this waterway could carry on such business without the aid of the present improvements. The greater portion of the freight business of 1922 was carried on by boats drawing 12 to 20 feet of water, and representing about 97 per cent of the total tonnage, through and local. The balance of the freight was carried by boats drawing from 6 to 12 feet. The greatest draft of vessels passing through was 20 feet. The through commerce consisted principally of barley, flaxseed, flour, oats, wheat, wool, lath, lumber, pulpwood, shingles, cement, hard and soft coal, limestone, salt, sand, copper (electrolytic), manufactured iron, pig iron, automobiles, machinery, and all other (general merchandise). Freight received at or shipped RIVERS AND HARBORS-DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT. 1307 from ports within the waterway consisted principally of lumber, wooden reels, hard and soft coal, limestone, lubricating oil, salt, sand, copper (lake), iron ore cinders, manufactured iron, automobiles, nitrate of soda, soda ash, and all other (general merchandise). Comparative statement. Through commerce. Local commerce. Calendar years. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918 .................... 394,785 $40,056,834 6,051 1,557,005 $32,435,669 12,114 1919..................... 454,404 44,898, 943 13,708 932,268 19,614,727 12,278 1920...................... 356,324 35,071, 358 19 311 792,424 21,589,850 3,611 1921....................... 285,416 28,119,272 16,951 655,265 14,569,103 2,799 1922..................... 413,085 33,747,767 17,639 657,955 17,645,186 3,034 No new lines of transportation were established during the year. Of the total freight east and west bound, coal constituted 60.93 per cent; flour and grain, 13.95 per cent; copper, 4.00 per cent;, lum- ber, 5.00 per cent; general merchandise, 7.75 per cent; and the balance, or 8.37 per cent was made up of automobiles, cement, iron ore cinders, lath, limestone, machinery, manufatured iron, nitrate of soda, lubricating oil, pig irou, pulpwood, salt, sand, soda ash, shingles, wooden reels, and wool. There is shown an increase of 12.17 per cent in the freight tonnage of the waterway and an in- crease in valuation of 16.94 per cent. This increase in freight tonnage is due to the general industrial revival throughout the country. Financial sumimary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,542.84: New work-------------------- ------------------ $1, 940, 726. 73 Maintenance---------------------- 269, 228. 69 Net total expended-------------------------------2, 209, 955. 42 Total appropriations to date of this report-----------------2, 389, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1 $552. 59 $16, 406. 17 $64, 308.55 $58, 150. 91 Expended for maintenance..... $22, 793.53 17, 637. 87 46, 089. 39 30, 140. 68 52, 310. 73 Total expended 1........... 22, 793. 53 18,190.46 62,495.56 94, 449. 23 110,461.64 Appropriated or allotted......... 153, 000.00 15, 000.00 15, 000.00 125, 500.00 70, 500.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended_-$------------------------219, 006. 22 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923---------------- --------------------------- 70, 500. 00 289, 506. 22 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work------------------------------- $58, 150. 91 For maintenance ---------------------------- 52, 310. 73 110, 461. 64 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-------------------------------179, 044.58 1308 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities- ..--- .... $51, 428. 81 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 22, 500. 00 $73, 928. 81 July 1, 1923, balance available, including $91,602.20 available only for maintenance______ - - - ______--105,115. 77 -_________ Amount (estimated) required tp be appropriated for completion of existing project ________________---- 184, 500. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work ----------------------------------- 41, 500.00 For maintenance -------------------------------- 1126, 000. 00 Total- -------------------------------------- 1167, 500. 00 8. HARBOR OF REFUGE, MARQUETTE BAY, MICH. (A8.) Location and description.-This harbor issituated on the south shore of Lake Superior within the city limits of Marquette and about 3 miles distant from Marquette Harbor. The bay isabout 1i miles long and extends into the shore about one-half mile. The harbor isan indentation in the shore behind Presque Isle Point and is protected by a breakwater. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No.935. Original condition.-The natural depth over the- greater part of the bay was from 18 to 20 feet at low water, and dredging by the United States has not been considered necessary. It was fully ex- posed to storms from the east and northeast and comparatively little shipping was done. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a 1,000-foot breakwater off Presque Isle Point and a 216-foot extension to reach to the shore, all of stone-filled timber crib construction. The project is referred to low-water datum for Lake Superior, which is taken at 601.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This is 1.1 feet above the plane of reference of the Lake Survey chart No. 935 of this locality. The harbor is subject to such fluctuations of water level as are caused by wind direction and barometric conditions, which do not exceed 2 feet for short periods, and the annual variations of about 1 foot. The im- provement has had no material effect upon the fluctuations. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1902, is $57,500. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for a 1,000-foot break- water off Presque Isle Point (H. Doc. No. 318, 54th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of June 13, 1902, provided for a 216-foot extension to reach to the shore (Annual Report for 1903, pp. 474, 1823). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned report. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-One wharf 60 by 100 feet for handling pig iron and one ore dock 1,200 feet long, having 200 pockets with normal storage capacity of 50,000 gross tons. Both are open to public use. They are both served by rail connection. The facilities are consid- ered adequate for existing commerce. There are no publicly owned 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT. 1309 wharves. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement facilitates the loading of vessels at the ore docks. It is not used as a harbor of refuge. It has not resulted in reducing freight rates as far as can be ascertained. Operations and results during fiscal year.-An examination of the harbor was made by soundings at a cost of $38.01; proportional cost of derrick boat construction, $2,015.20. The expenditures dur- ing the fiscal year were $2,015.41, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1903. The breakwater shows deterioration and decay due to time. Extensive repairs will be required in the near future. The controlling depth in the harbor proper is 21 feet below low- water datum, as indicated by an examination made in June, 1923. The expenditure has been $55,056.34 for new work and $12,443.66 for maintenance, or a total of $67,500. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1923, for maintenance, as follows: Repairs to breakwater: Operation of United States derrick boat, labor, and purchase of materials -------------------------------------------- $2, 400 Surveys ----------------------------------- 200 For enlargement of United States vessel yard at Duluth for storage of United States floating plant_____________________________ 100 Administration and contingencies----------------------------- 700 Total ---------------------- 3, 400 It is expected the funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. Additional funds will be necessary for maintenance for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, as follows: Repairs to breakwater: Operation of United States derrick boat and tug, and purchase of materials _------------------------------------ ------ $1, 000 Surveys-------------------------------------------------- 200 Administration and contingencies-----------------------------300 Total --- ---- ------------------------------------ , 500 Commercial statistics.-Receipts consisted of lumber; shipments consisted of iron ore. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918.................. 2,945,720 $11,493, 568 1921.................... 658, 788 $2, 223,410 1919 ...................... 1,681,668 6,953,660 1922... 1,805,270 6, 277,368 1920 ...................... 3,042,433 14,985,860 No new lines of transportation were established during the year. All classes of vessels can make use of this harbor. Any vessel with a draft of 18 feet or less could have used this harbor prior to the completion of Governinent improvements, ex- cept in stormy weather. There was an increase of 174 per cent in the total amount of freight handled over 1921. The number of arrivals and departures show an increase of 176 per cent and 174 per cent increase in the net registered tonnage. 1310 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Of the total ore shipped there was 148,439 tons, or 8 per cent, sent to foreign ports. The marked increase in freight tonnage is due to the general im- proved business conditions throughout the country. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New ,work--------------------------------------- $55, 056. 34 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 12, 443. 66 Net total expended -------------------------------- 67, 500. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report _________-___-70, 900. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.................. ........................... .......... Expended for maintenance...... ................. $486. 72 $446. 79 $443. 80 $2,015. 41 Appropriated or allotted.................. ............ ............ . 2, 400.00 1,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------------------- --------- $4, 415.41 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923__ _________-_-_- -- 1, 000. 00 5, 415. 41 June 30, 1923, amount expended during the fiscal year, for mainte- nance -------------------------------------- 2, 015. 41 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------ ____--3, 400, 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June .30, 1925, for maintenance __________--______________ 1, 500. 00 9. HARBOR AT MARQUETTE, MICH. (A9.) Location and description.-This harbor is situated on the south shore of Lake Superior, 160 miles west of Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., and 256 miles east from Duluth, Minn. It is in Marquette Bay, pro- tected by a breakwater 4,500 feet long. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 935.) Original condition.-There was a natural harbor, but it afforded no protection to vessels from northeasterly or easterly storms. There were no defined channels and the minimum usable low-water depth was 17 feet. Previous project.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a 4,500-foot breakwater, the inner 3,000 feet of stone-filled timber cribs with concrete superstruc- ture, the outer 1,500 feet of rubble-mound construction, and the removal of a small shoal to a depth of 22 feet, giving a protected area of 350 acres. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Superior, which is taken at 601.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to a depth of 20.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart No. 935 of this locality. This harbor is subject to very marked undertow, with a consequent fluctuation amounting at times during storms to 2 feet. The annual fluctuation is about 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT. 1311 1 foot. The improvements have had no material effect upon the fluctuations. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1910, is $1,228,066.29. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 9, 1867, provided for a breakwater 2,000 feet long, extending outward from the shore into the bay (H. Doc. No. 56, 39th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1866, pp. 8 and 77); the act of August 11, 1888, provided for the further extension of 1,000 feet to the breakwater (Annual Report for 1889, pp. 272 and 2021) ; by approval of the Chief of Engineers, February 27, 1890, a plan was authorized to cover 2,000 linear feet of the breakwater with a concrete superstructure (Annual Report for 1890, pp. 245, 2301) ; this plan was extended in 1891 to cover 3,000 linear feet of breakwater (Annual Report for 1891, pp. 315, 2506); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for 1,500 feet extension to the breakwater and for the removal of a shoal in the northerly part of the harbor (H. Doc. No. 573, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1911, page 2291. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-One ore dock 1,236 feet long, storage capacity 45,000 gross tons. Two coal docks, aggregating 1,700 feet in length. One freight and passenger wharf 400 feet in length. One oil pier 700 feet long.. There are also several small fish wharves without railroad connec- tions. The merchandise and passenger wharf is open to public use, for which a charge is made. There are no publicly owned wharves. The facilities are adequate for existing commerce. (For full de- scription of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-It gives a harbor of refuge and facilitates shipping by protection to vessels using the various docks and wharves. It has resulted in a reduction of freight rates through allowing vessels of greater capacity to use the harbor. Number of vessels using this harbor for refuge is unknown, but it is used to a great extent for such purposes. Many vessels loading at Marquette Bay are driven to Marquette for shelter on account of storms. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The junction between the crib concrete and rubble mound portions of the breakwater was completed at a cost of $5,261.86. This was new work and included removing 99 linear feet of timber superstructure and placing 1,087.5 tons of stone superstructure. The crib concrete portion of the break- water was repaired by placing 12,438.5 tons of stone, forming a sea slope on the lake side of the structure. This provided a completed section over 1,056 linear feet and a partially completed section over 244 linear feet of breakwater. The work is still in progress under contract. The cost of the breakwater maintenance work during the fiscal year was $43,750.64. The proportional cost of derrick-boat construction was $2,463.40. Soundings were taken over the harbor area in June, 1923, at a cost of $319.40. 61637-ENG 1923---88 1312 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The expenditures during the fiscal year were $47,765.02, of which $5,261.86 was for new work and $42,503.16 for maintenance consist- ing of repairs to breakwater, watchman's services, surveys, inspec- tions, and administration and contingencies. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is completed. Concrete-covered breakwater was completed in the fiscal year 1905; the dredging in 1910, and the rubble mound portion of the break- water in 1922. The controlling depth in the harbor is 21 feet. The lake front of the rubble-mound extension on the outer 700 linear feet was damaged by storm on November 21-22, 1917. The surface rock was disturbed at many points and carried down on the lake slope below water; a considerable quantity of core stone was also moved. At three different points large covering stone were thrown up from their position in the superstructure to the crown of the rubble mound. Temporary repairs to this damage were made by Government plant in 1918. In its present condition the break- water is effective and it is thought the temporary repairs have put it in condition that will prevent any further deterioration until more favorable economic conditions will permit restoring the damaged portion of the breakwater to its normal cross section. The crib substructure of the crib concrete portion of the break- water has shown some weakness by a tendency of the wall on the lake side to pull off over the tie timbers. The expenditure was $1,045,123.51 for new work and $144,027.26 for maintenance, or a total of $1,189,150.77. Proposed operations. It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1923, for maintenance repairs to the breakwater, for construction of a derrick boat for breakwater maintenance, for en- largement of vessel yard, and for administration and contingencies, as follows: For maintenance: Repairs to breakwater- Purchase of rock in place -------------------------$55, 000.00 Surveys ------- ------------------------------ 200. 00 For enlargement of United States vessel yard at Duluth for storage of United States floating plant----------- 1, 000. 00 Watchman's services----------------------------- 120. 00 Administration and contingencies------- ------------ 10, 596. 23 Payment of liabilities and contract obligations on July 1, 1923----------------------------------------- 22, 663. 00 Total ----------------------------------------- 89, 579. 23 The available funds will be exhausted June 30, 1924. Additional funds will be necessary for maintenance for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, as follows: For maintenance: Repairs to breakwater- Operation of United States derrick boat----------------- $15,000 Purchase of materials--------------- ------------------ 10, 000 Proportional cost of dump scow for maintenance dredging-------- 3, 000 Surveys -------------------------------------------------- 200 Watchman's services--------------------------------------- 120 Administration and contingencies---------------------- 5, 680 Total ------------------------- ------- - 34, 000 RIVERS AND HARBORS-DULUTIT, MINN., DISTRICT. 1313 The increased amount for maintenance is necessary to repair damaged portion of the rubble mound portion of the breakwater and for betterment of floating plant. Commercial statistics.-Receipts consisted of coal, lumber, and logs; shipments consisted of lumber and iron ore. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918.... 1,334, 979 $6, 221,000 1921................... 426, 829 $2,152, 227 1919.... 997,126 4, 560, 739 1922.................... 655,370 3, 258, 947 1920 .. 1,138,165 6,775,024 No passenger or package freight boats entered. No new lines of transportation were established during the year. Practically all of the vessels doing business at this harbor in 1922 had a limiting draft of 18 to 20 feet. Of the freight received and shipped during the year, iron ore constituted 62.3 per cent; coal 37.4 per cent; and the balance, 0.3 per cent, was logs and lumber. Increase in coal receipts over 1921, 38 per cent. Increase in iron ore shipments over 1921, 64 per cent. Increase in freight tons received and shipped over 1921, 53 per cent. Increase in valuation over 1921, 51 per cent. Enrolled tonnage (gross tons), 8,984. All increases due to the general revival in business throughout the country. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,933.89: New work ---------- _----------------------$1, 045, 123. 51 Maintenance -------------------------- ------- 44, 027. 26 Net total expended----- ---- -- I,1----------- 189, 150. 77 Total appropriations to date of this report ----------------- 1, 278, 730. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. " 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1... ..... ...... .. 5,261. 86 Expended for maintenance 1..... 2, 303.32 981. .44 7, 370. 53 $1, 602. 92 42, 503. 16 Total expended 2,303. 32 981. 44 9......... 7,370. 53 1,602. 92 47, 765. 02 Appropriated or allotted.............................. ....... .. .......... 90,000.00 ........... 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended__ --- --- - --.-.... $137, 344.25 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work ------------------------- $5, 261.86 For maintenance ------ .- _ - 42, 503.16 47, 765. 02 July i, 1923, balance unexpended ......---------------- 89,579.23 1314 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities--__-_- $163. 00 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 22, 500. 00 $22, 663. 0() July 1, 1923, balance available--,.--------------------- - 66, 916.23 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance_--- ....... . _______ 134, 000. 00 10. HARBOR OF REFUGE AT GRAND MARAIS, MICH. (A10.) Location and description.-The harbor is situated on the south shore of Lake Superior 314 miles east of Duluth, Minn., and 93 miles west of Sault St. Marie, Mich. It is a natural deep-water bay, having a length of 2 miles, width of three-eighths mile, an area of 240 acres, and a depth of 18 to 57 feet. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 9, Lake Superior. Original condition.-The natural entrance, about 3,000 feet wide, was obstructed by a bar having a depth of 7 feet at low water. The west end of the bay afforded good shelter in all winds. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for parallel timber-crib piers 500 feet apart-aggregate length 3,450 feet--extending'out to a depth in the lake of 22 feet at ordinary low water, for closing the natural entrance by a pile dike 5,770 feet long, and dredging a channel be- tween the piers at the low-water datum 300 feet wide and 18 feet deep at the harbor end, and 500 feet wide and 20 feet deep at the lake end. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Superior, which is taken at 601.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to a depth of 18.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart No. 9 of this locality at the lake approach, and 16.9 feet between piers. The ordinary variation of water level extends from 0 to +1 foot above low-water datum. The latest approved es- timate of cost for new work, revised in 1894, is $484,000. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $15,000. The existing project was adopted by river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, pursuant to which plans were approved by the Secretary of War, August 5, 1881 (Annual Report for 1 8 8 1 , p. 2050). The project was extended in 1894 to provide for closing the natural entrance, 5,770 feet wide, by a pile dike (Annual Report for 1895, p. 351). For the latest published map see House Document No. 1286, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is no rail connection with the harbor. There is one lumber wharf, 230 feet long; two fish wharves, 230 and 240 feet long, respectively; and one general merchandise wharf, 100 feet long. Only one fish wharf and the merchandise wharf are in active use. There are no publicly owned wharves, but all the wharves are open to general public use. The facilities are considered adequate for present needs. (For a full description of terminal facilities see HI. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of impravement.-No rail connection exists. This harbor is primarily a harbor of refuge and as such has been of unquestioned Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS---DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT. 1315 benefit to commerce. Twenty-four vessels entered the harbor for shelter during the season of 1922, with a net registered tonnage of 10,694 tons. Without the aid afforded by Government improvements this harbor would be inaccessible to vessels drawing more than 7 feet. The greatest draft of vessels which entered or departed was 18 feet. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Shoals were removed from the channel through the bar in the lake approach to the harbor for a length of about 500 feet and from the channel between the piers for a length of 930 feet during August, 1922. A total of 43,497 cubic yards was dredged at a cost of $7,359.38 or 16.9 cents per cubic yard. Minor repairs were made to piers consisting of cover- ing 48 linear feet of the north end of the east pier with 517 tons of large stone after removing the timber superstructure and tying the walls in with tie rods and repairing, decayed, broken or displaced timber deck and walls. A total of 4,656 feet board measure of timber was used on the east pier and 12,986 feet board measure on the west pier in making these repairs, which were scattered over 3,082 linear feet of pier. The cost of these repairs was $2,329.55. Soundings were taken over the entrance channel in August, 1922, and in June, 1923, at a cost of $353.16. The work was done by United States plant and hired labor. The expenditure for propor- tional cost of derrick boat construction was $5,000. The expenditure during the year, including hire of watchman and incidental ex- penses, was $14,338.24, all of which was for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 85 per cent completed. Parallel piers were built 500 feet apart, 1,912 and 1,545 feet long, respectively, including a pile revetment 100 feet long at the inner end of each pier; a channel, 250 feet wide and 18 feet deep, dredged between the piers from the lake to the bay; and a pile dike built in 1895-1897 to close the natural entrance, which was 5,770 feet in width. The piers and dike have been maintained by minor repairs, but show deterioration due to decay that will require extensive repairs in the near future. The lake approach and chan- nel between the piers is subject to shoaling and requires frequent maintenance dredging. There is a controlling depth of 18.7 feet below low-water datum in the entrance as shown by soundings taken in June, 1923. There remains to be constructed 193 linear feet of crib piers and dredging to widen the inner portion of the channel, now 250 feet wide, to the project width of 300 feet, to com- plete the existing project. The expenditure has been $355,885.29 for new work and $270,713.03 for maintenance, a total of $626,598.32. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended July 1, 1923, will be applied to maintenance, as follows: Dredging to remove shoals: Operation of United States dredge, tug, and scows--------- $10, 000. 00 Repairs to piers: Operation of United States derrick boat and tug-... ___ $4, 000 Purchase of material__---------------------------- 2, 000 6, 000. 00 For enlargement of United States vessel yard at Duluth for storage of United States floating plant--------------------- 500. 00 Surveys ------------------------- - 700. 00 Administration and contingencies_ ----------------------- 4, 600. 00 Payment of outstanding liabilities- ------------------- 200. 00 Total _----------------------------------- 22. 000. 00 1316 EEPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. It is proposed to do the work with Government plant, hired labor, and the purchase of material. The funds will be exhausted June 30, 1924. Except for some shoaling along the east side, the channel between the piers is ordinarily maintained to about the project depth by the scour of the currents, but shifting sand moving along the shore from the west forms a bar about 300 feet wide across the lake approach of the entrance, which requires dredging annually. The necessities of navigation and weather conditions on Lake Superior make it urgent that these shoals be removed as early in the season as possible, and in any event not later than August, as the weather after August precludes economical operations in exposed locations and in- creases the hazard of moving expensive plant around the lake. The funds for this work should therefore be available not later than May of each year. The piers have had only minor repairs. The stone filling has settled until some of the crib pockets are practically empty and in need of repairs. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 ($20,000), will be applied to maintenance, as follows : Dredging to remove shoals: Operation of U. S. dredge Gaillard, tug, and scows-------------- $8, 000 Proportional cost of dump scow for maintenance dredging-------- 7, 000 Repairs to piers: Operation of United States derrick boat and tug , 500 1---------------- Purchase of materials---------- --------------------------- 500 Surveys 00 7---------------- Administration and contingencies---------------------------- 2, 300 Total__ ----------- - --------------- 20, 000 The increased amount for maintenance is necessary for betterment of floating plant that the dredge may be operated more efficiently. Commercial statistics.-Receipts consisted. of coal and fish. There were no shipments. Comparative statement. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. years. years. h .. . 1918.......... 1, 850 340, 048 (1) 1921......... 40 $8,000 (1) 1919.......... 1,030 301,709 (1) 1922.......... 75 12,269 (2) 1920.......... 315 49,848 (1) 1 Unknown. 2 No passengers. Fish constituted 67 per cent and coal 33 per cent of all the freight handled. Increase in freight tons handled 45 per cent and 53 per cent increase in valuation over 1921. Twenty-four vessels entered for shelter with a net registered ton- nage of 10,694 tons. Greatest draft of vessels entered or departed about 18 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT. 1317 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $137.32: New work ----------------------------------------- $355, 885. 29 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 270, 713. 03 Net total expended _______________________-- _ 626, 598. 32 Total appropriations to date of this report___ ______----------648, 598. 32 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........... Expended for maintenance 1..... 3,576.97 $5, 087.65 $11, 844.55 $5, 362. 59 $14, 338. 24 Appropriated or allotted....... .............. 8,000.00 10,000.00 20, 000.00 15,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended_____________________________- $21, 338. 24 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923------------------------------ ----- 15, 000. 00 36, 338. 24 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for main- tenance ----------------------------------------------- 14, 338. 24 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended__________________________--_ 22, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities_____________________------- 200. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available_________________________-__ 21, 800. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project --------------------------------- 2 131, 700. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance__---------------------------- 2 20, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $77,513.24: New work------------__--------------------------- $11, 545, 399. 14 Maintenance --------------------------------------- 2, 532, 351. 31 Net total expended______________---- ________________ 14, 077, 750. 45 Total appropriations to date of this report 4, 531, 781. 32 1___________________ Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ 5,432.66 $272, 610. 03 115,873. 18 $64, 807.05 $63, 412.77 Expended for maintenance 1..... 98, 564.85 71,139.76 121,909. 32 77, 435.12 181,660. 06 . . . . . . . . . . Total expendedl 103,997.51 343,749.79 237,782.50 142,242.17 245,072.83 Appropriated or allotted......... 251, 000. 00 59, 000.00 93,800. 00 343,900. 00 147, 000.00 1Ntddcigrcit frmsls t. 2Ecusvfaalbefns 1 Not deducting receiptsa from sales, etc. 2Exclusive~ of available fu~nds. 1318 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ________--___-__---- $552, 103. 70 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923-------------------------------- 147, 000. 00 699, 103. 70 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work________________________________ $63, 412.77 For maintenance----_--- ________-____ 181, 660. 06 245, 072. 83 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------------ 454, 030. 87 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ________________ $57, 172. 81 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 63, 000. 00 120, 172. 81 July 1, 1923, balance available, including $187,187.52 available only for maintenance ----- - ________ __-_____-- -333,858. 06 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project----------------- ------------------------ 1489, 400. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work------------------------------------------- 41, 500. 00 For maintenance --------------------------------------- 263, 500. 00 Total_----- ------------------------------------- 1305, 000. 00 WARROAD HARBOR AND RIVER, BAUDETTE HARBOR AND RIVER, ZIPPEL BAY, AND LAKE OF THE WOODS, MINN. (GROUP B.) 11. WARROAD HARBOR AND WARROAD RIVER, MINN. (B1.) Location and description.-WarroadHarbor and Warroad River are at the southwestern extremity of Lake of the Woods, 36 miles west of the mouth of Rainy River. Warroad Harbor is about 1 mile long, varies in width from 550 feet to 1,300 feet, and is formed in the mouth of Warroad River, which in itself is a very small stream. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 21, Lake of the Woods.) Original condition.-There was a fair natural harbor within the mouth of Warroad River, with depths varying from 4 to 13 feet. Between this harbor and the lake there was a bar having a least depth of 5 feet at what was then considered the mean controlled lake stage (1,060.8 feet above mean tide): The channel of Warroad River followed a tortuous course through the harbor, had a width of about 80 feet and, a minimum depth of 10 feet at mean stage. The river was navigable for small launches to a point about 4 miles above the harbor. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging and maintaining a channel 8 feet deep from the landing at Warroad to deep water in the lake, the channel being 9,200 feet long, 200 feet wide within the harbor, and 300 feet wide out in the lake, with a turning basin 500 by 900 feet at the inner end; also a pile-brush-stone jetty on the north side of the channel extending from the shore 700 feet into the lake. The project depth is referred to mean low-water datum for Lake of the Woods, which is taken at 1,057.6 feet above mean tide 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBOIS--DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT. 1319 level at New York. This depth corresponds to a depth of 8.4 feet on U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 21 of this locality. The ordinary va- riation of water level during any one navigation season is 1.5 feet. Ordinary water stages during the last 20 navigation seasons have varied from 1 foot below to 6.4 feet above mean low water due to outlet control for power. The estimate of cost for new work is $98,700. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,000. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, and modified by the following river and harbor acts: June 6, 1900; June 13, 1902 (H. Doc. No. 92, 56th Cong., 2d sess.) ; March 3, 1905; June 25, 1910 (H.Doc. No. 703, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) ; and July 25, 1912. The latest published map is opposite page 1984 in the Annual Report for 1911. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-A pile and plank wharf and a bulkheaded landing aggregating about 220 feet in length have been provided by the village of Warroad for free use by the public. The Booth Fish- eries Co. has a wharf about 35 feet by 175 feet, upon a portion of which is a warehouse and office, not open to the public. A privately owned wharf, 81 feet in length, is not open to the public. These wharves and the landing are served by spur tracks from the Canadian National and Great Northern Railroads. These facilities are ample for the needs of existing commerce, both public and private. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made it possible for all boats on the Lake of the Woods to enter Warroad Harbor, and provides shelter in time of storm. It is the only American point on the lake where transfer of freight can be made between rail and water. No record of the number of boats using the harbor for shelter is available. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Necessary repairs were made and the United States dredge WVarroad put in commission in May, 1923. The removal of shoals from the improved channel was begun May 18, 1923. A total of 29,346 cubic yards was removed from 2,815 linear feet of channel during the fiscal year at a cost of $7,351.42, or 25 cents per cubic yard.. Detailed soundings were taken over the improved channel and basin in December, 1922, at a cost of $431.30. Fuel was purchased at a cost of $2,386.50 and piling at a cost of $109.20. The cost of the fuel charged off to the dredging done during the fiscal year was $728.10 and of the piling used was $2L.08. The total expenditure was $8,742.38, all for maintenance, and con- sisted in plant repair, dredging, watchman's services, surveys, ad- ministration, and contingencies. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project as a whole is 76 per cent completed. The protective jetty was completed in fiscal year 1910, and the turning basin at the Warroad wharves was completed in 1911. A width of 200 feet of dredged channel was completed in fiscal year 1915 to a depth of 8 feet at mean low water. The existing project provides for a width of 300 feet in that part'of the channel 1320 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. which lies out in the lake, but the width of 200 feet already obtained has proved sufficient for all present needs. The available depth in the channel in June, 1923, at mean low-water datum (1,057.6) was 5 feet for a least width of 75 feet and 5.4 feet for a least width of 60 feet. The total expenditures up to the close of the fiscal year were $136,950.92, being $83,805.36 for new work and $53,145.56 for main- tenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1923, in continuing the restoration of project depth in the north half of the turning basin and for a width of 100 feet in the entrance channel, in making a hydrographic survey of the dredged channel and turning basin, and in the care of floating plant and property at Warroad, Minn. It is expected that these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924, as follows: For maintenance: Operation of U. S. dredge Warroad and attendant plant ------ $11, 000. 00 Care and maintenance of floating plant and property----------1, 100. 00 Hydrographic survey------ ---------- -------------------- 350. 00 Administration and contingencies , 799. 08 1----------------------- Payment of outstanding liabilities July 1, 1923--------------- 2, 100. 00 Total ---------------- ----------------------------- 16, 349. 08 Additional funds will be necessary for maintenance of dredged channel and turning basin for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, as follows: Operation of U. S. dredge Warroad and attendant plant-------------$2, 200 Care and maintenance of floating plant and property---- 1------------ , 200 Hydrographic survey-------------------------------------------200 Administration and contingencies---------------------------------400 Total --- --------------------------------------------- 4, 000 Commercial statistics.-Receipts consisted of fish, farm products. lumber, poles, posts, and pulp wood; shipments consisted of food products, lumber, lath, cement, salt, oils, and unclassified. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Towd in Passen- 1918 .................................................. 4, 806 $322, 680 $27,000 5, 300 1919. ...... ................. .......... ........... 11,565 562,070 83,125 15,960 1920.. ....... ................................... 9, 501 528, 024 6, 900 9, 725 1921........... ....................... ............. 6,006 635,965 5,325 8,937 1922............... .............. . .............. 6,212 373,460 23,200 10,300 Of the total receipts in tons, by vessels, fish constituted 45.6 per cent; lumber, poles, posts, and pulpwood, 42.7 per cent; and un- classified freight, 11.7 per cent. In value of receipts, fish constituted 87.3 per cent; lumber, poles, and pulpwood, 10.2; and unclassified freight 2.5 per cent. Of the total shipments, unclassified freight constituted 82 per cent; vegetable food products, 8 per cent; cement, salt, and oils, 8 per cent; and the balance of 2 per cent was composed of lumber, shingles, and cattle. In valtie unclassified freight constituted 89.4 per cent; vege- RIVERS AND HARBORS-DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT. 1321 table food products, 5 per cent; nonmetallic minerals, 4.7 per cent; and wood products, 0.9 per cent. Decrease in tonnage and values due to there being a decrease of 500 tons of fish handled than last year; 450 less tons of unclassified freight and a slight decrease in vegetable food products. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2,600.18: New work ------------------------------------------ $83, 805. 36 Maintenance_____________________________ 53,145. 56 Net total expended---------------------------------- 136,'950. 92 Total appropriations to date of this report____________-----153, 300. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work. ..... ..... ..... ..... ... ....... Expended for maintenance 1..... $9, 448. 43 $1, 626. 82 $567. 01 $560. 98 $8, 742.38 Appropriated or allotted......... 5,800.00 ........ ...... 1,600.00 20,000.00 4,000.00 July 1, 1922. balance unexpended___---_______-______ $21, 014. 38 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923---------- ------------------------------- 4, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during the fiscal year 1923 ______________ 77. 08 25, 091.46 June 30, 1923,--- amount expended during fiscal year for mainte- nance 1 ____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8, 742.38 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ___________-------------16, 349. 08 -__--_ July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities___________________ 2, 100. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available------------------------------ 14, 249. 08 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance ------ -------- -- 4, 000. 00 12. ZIPPEL BAY, LAKE OF THE WOODS, MINN. (B2.) Location and description.-Zippel Bay is situated on the southern shore of Lake of the Woods, about 26 miles by water east of Warroad Harbor and about 10 miles west of the mouth of Rainy River. The harbor is about one-half mile long and one-quarter mile wide, being formed in the bay at the mouth of Zippel River and separated from the lake by a narrow sand bar. (See U. S. Geological Survey map of Minnesota, scale 1: 500,000.) Original condition.-The natural harbor in Zippel Bay was con- nected with the lake by a long, tortuous channel about 75 feet wide, varying in depth from 4 to 6 feet, through which even small launches had difficulty in passing. The natural harbor had a ruling depth of 10 feet at the assumed mean controlled lake stage. Previous projects.-None. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. SExclusive of available funds. 1322 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Existing project.-This provides for dredging and maintaining a channel through the dry bar between the lake and the harbor in the bay 3,000 feet long, 200 feet wide, and 9 feet deep at the inner end, increasing to 10 feet deep at the outer end at mean controlled lake stage, and a pile-brush-stone jetty 2,800 feet long on the lake side of the dredged channel. The project depth is referred to mean con- trolled lake stage for Lake of the Woods, which was assumed at 1,060.8 feet above mean tide level at New York. The ordinary varia- tion of water level during any one navigation season is 1.5 feet. Ordinary water stages during the last 20 navigation seasons have varied from 1 foot below to 6.4 feet above mean low water due to out- let control for power. The main object of the improvement is to pro- vide a harbor of refuge on the south shore of the lake, with incidental benefit to local commerce. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1910, is $27,781. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act of February 27, 1911. (H. Doc. No. 1276, 61st Cong., 3d sess.) The latest pub- lished map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The fisheries interests maintain a landing and warehouse, but they are not open to public use. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work done provides an entrance into Zippel -Bay as a harbor of refuge and benefits local commerce for boats of light draft. No record of the number of boats using the harbor for shelter. No effect on freight rates. No railway connec- tions. Operations and results during fiscal year.-A sounding survey over the dredged channel was made in October at a cost of $41.02, and the floating plant at Warroad was cared for at a cost of $340. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $334.87 for maintenance, consisting in watchman's services, survey, administration, and con- tingencies. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project as a whole is 87 per cent completed. The dredged channel was completed in 1913 to a length of 2,400 feet, width of 200 feet, and depth increasing from 9 feet at harbor end to 10 feet at lake end at mean controlled lake stage. The pile-brush-stone jetty was completed in 1914 to a length of 2,200 feet. The uncompleted lengths of 600 feet of the dredged channel and the jetty have not been required for needs of navigation. The available depth in the dredged channel in October, 1922, was 6 feet for a least width of 40 feet at mean controlled lake stage (1,060.8). The total expenditures up to the close of the fiscal year were $36,212.52, being $27,940.86 for new work and $8,271.66 for main- tenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1923, in maintenance dredging and in minor repairs to the jetty, in making a hydrographic survey of the dredged channel, and in care of the floating plant at Warroad, Minn. It is expected that these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924, as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT. 1323 For maintenance: Operation of U. S. dredge Warroad and attendant plant------- $2, 000. 00 Care of floating plant and property--------------------------300. 00 Hydrographic survey of dredged channel--- ---------------- 170. 00 Administration and contingencies----------------------------397. 63 Total --------------------------------------------- 2, 867. 63 No additional funds are requested for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-Receipts consisted of flour, oils, and un- classified freight; shipments consisted of fish, and wood, and wood products. Comparative statement. Towed in rafts. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Tons. Value. 1918......................... 177 $23, 760 4, 550 42,4178 700 $27, 000 1919............................. 410 133,172 5 400 33,425 1920 .............................. 420 63,400 2 250 650 5,980 1921 ........................ .. . 1,258 11,045 2,259 619 5,325 1922............................ 340 33,250 2, 500 1,268 10,600 Of the total receipts, unclassified freight constituted 83.4 per cent; flour 8.3; and oils 8.3 per cent. Of the shipments, wood and wood products constituted 93 per cent and fish 7 per cent. The decrease in tons freight handled on vessels is due to the fact that all wood products were shipped in rafts in 1922, while the in- crease in valuation was due to there being a marked increase in commodities such as fish; with an increase of 456 per cent in value, nonmetallic minerals 300 per cent; unclassified 3,900; and vegetable food products 37 per cent in value over 1921. No railroad connection. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work----- ------------------- ----------------- $27, 940. 86 Maintenance----------------- ------------- ------------ 8, 271. 66 Net total expended ------------------------------- 36, 212. 52 Total appropriations to date of this report.------------------- 39, 080. 15 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.... ........................................ .......................... Expended for maintenance 1.... $2,838.19 $1,434.93 $19500 $369.31 $334.87 Appropriated or allotted......... 3,000.00 ............ ..... 299.15 1,000.00 2,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended- -------------------- $1, 202. 50 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923 --------------------- ------------------ 2, 000. 00 3, 202. 50 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance _ 334. 87 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_ ----------- 2, 867. 63 ------------- 1324 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 13. BAUDETTE HARBOR AND RIVER, MINN. (B3.) Location and description.-Baudette River has its source in the swamp lands of northern Minnesota and flows in a northeasterly direction to Rainy River, its mouth being about 10 miles from where Rainy River empties into Lake of the Woods. Its total length is about 31 miles. Except for a short distance above the mouth it is an insignificant stream, its greatest width being less than 100 feet. About a mile from the mouth, however, it broadens out and varies from about 400 to 1,000 feet in width. At the mouth, on the right and left banks of the river, respectively, are located the villages of Spooner and Baudette, Minn. The improvement is confined to that portion of the river below the Canadian National Railway bridge,. which is about a quarter of a mile from the mouth. (See U. S. Geo- logical Survey map of Minnesota, scale 1: 500,000.) Original condition.-The river for about a mile above its mouth is in the nature of an estuary, of irregular depth, the water level of which fluctuates with that of Rainy River, there being practically no current in this stretch. The banks are high, but their slopes are such as to permit reasonably easy access by wagon to the river land- ings. Prior to the improvement there was a fair natural harbor, but the natural channel leading thereto was tortuous and of insuffi- cient depth to allow the larger boats to enter from Rainy River. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 81 feet deep and 75 feet wide for a distance of about 950 feet from the mouth of the river, with an increase in width at the entrance and enlarged at the inner end to form a turning basin with a maximum width of 250 feet. The project depth is referred to assumed low-water datum at Baudette, which is taken at 1,061.45 feet above mean tide level at New York. The ordinary variation of water level during any one navigation season is 1.3 feet. Ordinary water stages during the last five navigation seasons have varied from 1.1 feet below to 2 feet above assumed low water. Maximum flood stage is about 4.5 feet above assumed low water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, is $5,000. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $800. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 109, 63d Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The village of Baudette has constructed a pile and timber wharf about 41 feet long and 40 feet deep, which is open to the public without charge. There is also at Baudette a pile and timber wharf of irregular shape having a river frontage of about 54 feet and a depth of about 38 feet, which is owned by a private con- cern but which is open to public usel without charge. At Spooner there is a village-owned pile and timber wharf about 63 feet wide by 70 feet deep, which is open to the public without charge. In addition to the foregoing there are several privately owned wharves on both RIVERS AND HARBORS-DULUTH, MINN., DISTRICT. 1325 sides of the river. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work already done is sufficient to permit all boats operating on Rainy River to enter the harbor. It has not yet had any effect on freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No dredging was done, available funds being insufficient. A survey of the dredged channel and turning basin was made in October at a cost of $72.01, and the floating plant at Warroad was cared for at a cost of $365.52. The total expenditure for the fiscal year was $413.48 for maintenance, consisting in care of plant, survey, administration, and contingencies. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1919. The available depth in the channel in October, 1922, was 8.5 feet for a least width of about 20 feet at assumed low-water datum (1,061.45). The expenditures to the end of the fiscal year were $4,524.68 for new work and $641.33 for maintenance, or a total of $5,166.01. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1923, in maintenance dredging, and in making a hydrographic survey of the dredged channel and turning basin. It is expected that these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924, as follows: For maintenance: Operation of U. S. dredge Warroad and attendant plant and purchase of material----- -------------- ------ $1, 800. 00 Hydrographic survey ------------------------------------ 110. 00 Administration and contingencies---------------------------223. 99 Total --------- ----------------------------------- 2, 133. 99 Additional funds will be necessary for maintenance for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, as follows: Care of floating plant and property----------------- $300 -------------- Hydrographic survey--------------------- 110 --- ----- Operation of U. S. dredge Warroad and attendant plant--------------700 Administration and contingencies---------------------------- 890 Total ----------------- ---------------------------- , 500 The increased amount for maintenance is necessary to complete the removal of accumulated shoal to restore project depth over full project width in the entrance channel and turning basin. Commercial statistics.-Receipts consisted of fish, vegetable food products, lumber, poles, ties, pulpwood, and unclassified; shipments consisted of flour, feed, logs, and unclassified. Comparative statement. Rafted logs. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passen- gers. Tons. Value. 1918....... .................... ......... 714 (1) 227,770 (1) (1) 1919 ........ ............ .. .......... 61,055 $3,247,476 2 63,092 95,066 $860,582 1920.......................... ... ........ 49,148 1,314, 575 (1) 75, 805 635, 940 1921 ....................................... 41,188 1,443,199 247,120 68,514 834,120 1922 ....................................... 55,612 1,476,632 246, 200 74,504 674,347 i No record. Q Principally excursionists and campers. 1326 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. No new lines of transportation were established. Of the total commerce of the harbor wood and wood products con- stituted 57 per cent; unclassified, 27 per cent; nonmetallic minerals, 15 per cent; and the balance, or 1 per cent, was made up of fish and vegetable food products. Greatest draft of vessels which entered or departed, about 6 feet. Value of imports by lake, $39,450. No exports. Automobiles to the number of 2,450 entered and departed. These were ferried across Rainy River, estimated value $1,225,000, and not included in totals as freight tonnage, being tourists to and from Canada. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New, work------- -------------------------------- $4, 524. 68 Maintenance--------------------------------------------641. 33 Net total expended________------------------ '------ - 5, 166. 01 Total appropriations to date of this report --------------- 7, 300. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........ $760.52 $3,537.54 $226.62 ..... ........... Expended for maintenance........................................... $227.85 $413.48 Total expended............ 760. 52 3, 537. 54 226. 82 227.85 413. 48 Appropriated or allotted......... 5,000.00 ........................... 1.500.00 800. 00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ___________-____________- $1, 747. 47 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923-------------------------------------------- 800. 00 2, 547. 47 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance__ 413. 48 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------- ___-- _---- 2, 133. 99 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance_________- _________--___ __--- 1, 500. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP B. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2,600.18: New work ---- ----------------------------------- $116, 270. 90 Maintenance_---.-------------------- 62, 058. 55 Net total expended ----------------------------- 178, 329. 45 Total appropriations to date of this report __------____-__-199, 680. 15 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work ........ 8760. 52 $3,537.54 $226.62 ...................... Expended formaintenance..... 12, 286. 62 3, 061.75 762.01 $, 158.14 $9, 490.73 Total expended 2.......... 13,047. 14 6,599.29 988.63 1,158.14 9,490.73 Appropriated or allotted.........I 13,800.00 ............. 1,899.15 22,500.00 6, 800.00 1 Exclursive of available funds. 9 Not desductig receipts irorm sales. etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS--MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1827 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-------------------------- $23, 964. 35 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923--..-- --------------------------------------- 6, 800. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 .--- 7. 08 77------- 30, 841. 43 June 30, -1923, amount expended during fiscal year for main- tenance - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9, 490. 73 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -------------------------- 21, 350. 70 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities__----------- -------- 2, 100. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available ------------------------ 19, 250. 70 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance -------------------------- 5, 500. 00 IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. This district includes the rivers and harbors in the States of Michigan and Wisconsin on the west shore of Lake Michigan, con- stituting the original Milwaukee district, and the harbors along the east shore of Lake Michigan, in the State of Michigan, to the Straits of Mackinac, and thence along the north shore to Seul Choix Point Lighthouse, including the waters draining into this part of Lake Michigan, constituting the former Grand Rapids, Mich., district. District engineer: Maj. F. S. Skinner, Corps of Engineers. Division engineers: Col. J. G. Warren, Corps of Engineers, to September 4, 1922; Col. Spencer Cosby, Corps of Engineers, since that date. IMPROVEMENTS. [The letters and figures in parentheses indicate the group, and the numerical order in the group, to which the respective improvements belong for purposes of appropriation.] Page. Page. 1. Manistique Harbor, Mich. 15. Operating and care of locks (A1)- - - - - - .- 1328 and dams on Fox River, 2. Menominee Harbor and W is_ . ._ _ . . 1380 River, Mich. and Wis. 16. St. Joseph Harbor, Mich. (A 2) - -.-- - - -- - - 1331 (B1).-- ...- 1381 3. Green Bay Harbor, Wis. 17. St. Joseph River, M i ch. (A3) 1334 (B2)-- 1384 4. Fox River, Wis. (A4)- ... 1338 18. South Haven Harbor, Mich. 5. Sturgeon Bay and Lake (B3) ------------ 1886 Michigan Ship Canal, Wis. 19. Saugatuck Harbor and Kal- (A5)- - - - - 1346 amazoo River, Mich. (B4) _ 1389 6. Algoma Harbor, Wis. (A6) 1350 20. Holland Harbor, Mich. (B5) _ 1393 7. Kewaunee Harbor, Wis. 21. Grand Haven Harbor, Mich. (A7)-- --- --- 1352 (B6) -- .--- -... 1397 8. Two Rivers Harbor, Wis. 22. Grand River, Mich. (B7)_ 1400 (A8)- - - ...- 1356 23. Muskegon H a r bo r, Mich. 9. Manitowoc Harbor, Wis. (B8) ------- _ 1402 (A9) -- 1359 24. White Lake Harbor, Mich. 10. Sheboygan H a r b or, Wis. (B9) ---------------..-- 1406 (Ao10)-- - - 1362 25. Ludington H a r b or, Mich. 11. Port Washington Harbor, (B10)_- - _--O)- 1408 Wis. (All) ---- 1365 26. Manistee H a r bo r, Mich. 12. Milwaukee Harbor, Wis. (Bll) .. _ 1412 (A12) --------------- 1368 27. Frankfort H a r b o r, Mich. 13. Racine Harbor, Wis. (A13) - 1373 (B12) ----.- ... 1416 14. Kenosha Harbor, Wis. 28. Charlevoix Harbor, Mich. (A14) -----. ---.----- 1376 (B13) -----... ... ..... 1418 1Not deducting receipts from sales, et c. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 61637-ENo 1923---84 1328 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. MANISTIQUE HARBOR, MICH.; MENOMINEE, OCONTO, GREEN BAY, ALGOMA, KEWAUNEE, TWO RIVERS, MANITOWOC, SHEBOYGAN, PORT WASHINGTON, MILWAUKEE, RACINE, AND KENOSHA HAR- BORS, WIS.; STURGEON BAY AND LAKE MICHIGAN SHIP CANAL, AND FOX RIVER, WIS. (GROUP A.) 1. MANISTIQUE HARBOR, MICH. (Al.) Location and description.-This harbor is on the north shore of Lake Michigan, about 135 miles northeasterly from Green Bay Har- bor and 220 miles northerly from Milwaukee. The harbor is at the mouth of the Manistique River, and consists of a basin having an area of about 31 acres, formed by inclosing a portion of Lake Michi- gan within breakwaters. See United States Lake Survey chart No. 7. Originalcondition.-The depth at the mouth of Manistique River was 8 feet, and no harbor existed. By private enterprise 3,000 linear feet of slab pier had been built and a channel dredged to a depth of 11 feet before any appropriation was made by the Government. Except for rafting and logging, the head of navigation was at a dam 1 mile above the river mouth. Previous projects.-The original and only project was adopted by river and harbor act of June 14, 1880. The amount expended prior to commencement of work under the existing project in 1905 was $3,955.05 for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1933 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for two breakwaters extending from the shore on either side of the mouth of the Manistique River, 1,744 feet and 1,480 feet in length for the east and west breakwaters, respectively, and for a channel 18 feet deep; this channel extends from that depth in the lake up the river a distance of 1,650 feet from its mouth, having a total length of 3,200 feet from the outer end in the lake; the channel varies in width from 225 feet to 475 feet, the west side at the river mouth being protected by a revetment 375 feet long. The breakwaters are formed of stone-filled piling and timber cribs, capped with concrete superstructure; the revet- ment is formed of stone-filled timber cribs. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depth of 16.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 1J feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1908, is $338,462, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1905, provided for the breakwaters and outer harbor (H. Doc. No. 429, 58th Cong., 2d sess.). The act of March 2, 1907, provided for the present location of the west break- water and the present channel dimensions (approved by the Secre- tary of War, April 3, 1908, in an unpublished report of March 13, 1908). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1908, page 1942. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1329 Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--he river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, pro- vided that before improvement was commenced the title to all lands required and to an old breakwater 423 feet long, owned by the Chi- cago Lumbering Co., should be transferred to the United States. Title to the old breakwater and to the land at the shore ends of the piers was transferred to the United States and approved by the Department of Justice on May 12, 1908, and May 3, 1911. Terminal facilities.-The following wharves and terminals are not open to the general public: One car-ferry slip, numerous lumber- yard slips, with about 4 miles frontage; 1 coal wharf, with 350 feet frontage; 2 fishing wharves, with 350 feet frontage. One package freight wharf with 250 feet frontage is open to the general public. These facilities are fairly adequate for existing commerce; it is be- lieved that an adequate wharf, with rail connection and under public control, should be provided. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The principal effect of the work done under the existing project has been to increase the volume of car- ferry commerce. Car-ferry steamers ply between this port and ports in the southern peninsula of Michigan throughout the year. The project has had practically no effect on other water-borne commerce, which is insignificant in respect to tonnage. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of partial dredging for restoration of project depth at an expenditure of $4,397.67; repairs of Government plant, $1,661.98; soundings, general contingencies and supervision, $778.19. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total expenditures during the fiscal year were $6,837.84 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is completed. The breakwaters inclosing the basin and the dredging of the channel to 18 feet depth below low-water datum over practically all the area below the car-ferry slip were completed in 1915. The channel above the slip was dredged to ledge rock in 1917, thereby completing the project. The plank crib revetment was completed in 1909. The piers and breakwater are generally in good condition. The super- structure of the plank crib revetment is in a very dilapidated con- dition, but immediate repairs thereto are not considered necessary, as it is not essential to the preservation of the harbor. The con- trolling depth at low-water datum on June 30, 1923, was 16.6 feet for a minimum width of 90 feet in the channel to the car-ferry slip. The channel varies in width from about 240 feet at entrance between breakwaters to 470 feet in the basin, narrowing again to about 225 feet above the car-ferry slip. The net expenditures under the existing project are $307,252.18 for new work; $32,353.32 for maintenance; a total of $339,605.50. Proposed operations.--The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 15 days, at $300._ $4, 500. 00 Minor repairs to breakwaters, piers, and revetments----------- 1, 500. 00 Engineering and contingencies ---.--.. - - - - 929. 95 Total---------------- ---- - , 929. 95 1330 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. It is expected to do the dredging in October, 1923, and to make the minor repairs during the fiscal year. The funds available are believed to be sufficient for the maintenance of the harbor to June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year is coal, lumber, flour, and unclassified commodities. The usual limit of draft for car-ferry traffic, com- prising 99 per cent of the total tonnage, is 17 feet, and that for the remaining traffic is 16 feet. Comparative statement. General vessel traffic. Car-ferry traffic. Calendar year. Passengers. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1918 ................................ 10,769 $311,889 438,060 $16,035,000 1,593 1919................................ 6,580 157,500 375,838 13,900,000 250 1920 .............................. ... 1,535 108,100 304,745 16,514,100 500 1921 ................. ................. 19,265 145,900 229,880 9,905,000 551 1922 ...................................... 1,686 66,800 276,663 12,071,400 977 1 Exclusive of dead weight of cars. The increase of about 12 per cent in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year, is due to increased shipments by car-ferry steamers. The increase in valuation is due to increased tonnage. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $7,368.70: New work------------------ -- -------------------- $311, 207. 23 Maintenance ___.....--------------- 32, 353. 32 Net total expended ------ __________ 343, 560. 55 Total appropriations to date of this report_8___- _____--____- 350, 490. 50 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work... Expended for maintenance 1.. $2, 059. 15 $1,331. 95 10, 443. 68 $2,629.09 $6, 837. 84 Appropriated or allotted......... 6, 000. 00............... 2,000.00 5, 000. 00 6,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---------------------------- $6, 574. 49 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923_----------------------------------------- 6, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 -------------- 1, 193. 30 13, 767. 79 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance i 6, 837. 84 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------- -- -------------- 6, 929. 95 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities- .----- -------------------- 14. 44 July 1, 1923, balance available___-------------------------- 6, 915. 51 I Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1331 2. MENOMINEE HARBOR AND RIVER, MICH. AND WIS. (A2.) Location and description.-This harbor is on the west shore of Green Bay, distant about 49 miles northeasterly from Green Bay Harbor and about 155 miles from Milwaukee via Sturgeon Bay Canal. The harbor is at the mouth of the Menominee River, and consists of a dredged channel extending upstream for 2 miles, the portion in Green Bay being protected by parallel piers. (See U. S. Lake Sur- vey chart No. 7.) Original condition.-The depth at the mouth of the river was 5 feet. All commerce was transacted over "bridge piers" extending from the shore into Green Bay. The river was navigable for small boats for about 2 miles above the mouth; above this point it was available for rafting and logging for about 100 miles. Previous projects.-Priorto river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, the harbor and river constituted two works. By this act they were consolidated. Harbor: River and harbor acts of March 3, 1871, September 19, 1890, March 3, 1899; the amount expended was $200,471.67 for new work, $33,811.10 for maintenance, a total of $234,282.77. River: River and harbor acts of September 19, 1890, July 13, 1892, June 3, 1896; the amount expended was $111,951.63 for new work, $2,382.49 for maintenance, a total of $114,334.12. The total amount expended on harbor and river prior to commence- ment of work under existing project in 1902 was $312,423.30 for new work, $36,193.59 for maintenance, a total of $348,616.89. For further details of previous projects, see page 1933 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for protecting the mouth of the river by parallel piers 400 feet apart about 1,870 feet and 2,681 feet in length for the north and south piers, respectively, and for a chan- nel 18 feet deep from that depth in the bay to the upper end of the Marinette municipal wharf, about 4,700 feet above the Ogden Street Bridge, and 8,700 feet from the outer end irn the bay where the width is 600 feet, reducing to 300 feet between the piers and 200 feet in the river. Except for 168 feet of concrete caissons at outer end of south pier, the piers are formed of stone-filled piling and timber cribs, 850 feet of the north pier and 776 feet of the south pier having been repaired with concrete superstructure, and 900 feet of the south pier repaired with rubble superstructure. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michi- gan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depth of 16.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuation of a temporary nature, due to wind and baro- metric pressures, of about 1j feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate, of cost for new work, revised in 1917, is $50,000, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The atest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $x,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1871, provided for the entrance 1332 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. piers (Annual Report for 1867, p. 132); the act of June 13, 1902, consolidated the projects for the harbor and river, which, previous thereto, had been prosecuted separately, and authorized the dredging of the channel to the dimensions now prescribed (H. Doc. No. 419, 56th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of March 4, 1913, partially restored the work above Ogden Street Bridge, which had been eliminated from the project under authority of the act of March 3, 1905. For latest published map see House Document No. 228, Sixty-third Congress, frst session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None.' Terminal facilities.-The following wharves and terminals are not open to the general public: 1 car ferry slip; 8 lumber wharves with 4 miles frontage; 3 coal wharves with 3,260 feet frontage; 3 fishing wharves with 400 feet frontage. The following are open to general public use: 2 package freight wharves with 920 feet front- age; 1 wharf for miscellaneous freight with 500 feet frontage, owned by the city of Marinette. The wharf owned by the city of Marinette should be provided with a warehouse and rail connections. A suitable public wharf, with warehouse and rail connections, should be provided by the city of Menominee. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The principal effect has been to permit deep-draft vessels carrying coal to enter the harbor. Coal receipts have therebv been materially increased and the water rates lowered. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of dredging for restoration of project depth at an expenditure of $14,149.47; complete reconstruction of the outer end of the south pier by replacing 200 feet of old tinmber cribs which had been dam- aged by ice during the winter of 1919-20 with 168 feet of concrete caissons with concrete superstructure at an expenditure of $24,130.09; repairs of plant at an expenditure of $1,155.25; soundings, general contingencies, and supervision involved an expenditure of $2,887.27. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total expenditures were $42,322.08 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1904. The entrance piers were completed in 1884 and the dredging in 1904. Dredging to restore project depth above Ogden Street bridge to the municipal wharf was completed in 1914. The piers are generally in good condition. The inner 654 feet of the north pier and 604 feet of the south pier are no longer essential for the preservation of the channel, and these piers are therefore main- tained only for lengths of about 1,200 and 2,077 feet, respectively. The controlling depth at low-water datum on June 30, 1923, was 18 feet to the wharves of the Central West Coal Co., the Menominee River Sugar Co., and the municipal wharf of the city of Marinette. The river is available for rafting and logging for about 102 miles above its mouth. The net expenditures under the existing project are $44,832.30 for new work; $138,059.72 for maintenance; a total of $182,892.02. Proposed operation.-The following is a statement of the work to be done with the balance unexpended at the cose of the fiscal year. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1333 Maintenance: Construction of steel barges now under contract, including ma- chinery and outfit to be furnished by the United States $7, 500. 00 ----- Pay roll, etc., for portion of dredging in May and June, 1923, not yet paid---------------------------------------2, 759. 72 Operation of United States dipper dredge Kewaunee, 4 days, at $300--- ---- ---------------------------------- 1---- , 200. 00 Depositing riprap along outer end of south pier, 650 tons, at $3.50 ---------------------------------------------- 2, 275. 00 Minor repairs to piers--------------------------------2, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies---------------------------- 576. 37 Total----------- --------- --- 16, 311. 09 It is expected that the additional dredging will be done in the spring of 1924, that the riprap will be deposited prior to September 30, 1923, and the minor repairs will be made during the fiscal year. The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1924. On account of shoaling of the channel, which occurs during spring floods in the Menominee River, annual dredging for maintenance of project depth is necessary. Additional riprap is needed along the harbor piers to reinforce them against ice action. Minor repairs to piers are needed annually to preserve the old wooden superstruc- tures on harbor piers. The amount that can be profitably expended for the work proposed to be done prior to June 30, 1925, in addition to the work to be done with the funds available, is as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 25 days, at $300.... $7, 500 Depositing stone filling and riprap in and around harbor piers, 1,500 tons at $3.50 ----------------------------------- 5, 250 Minor repairs to piers___------------- ---------- 3, 000 Engineering and contingencies 250 2------------------- Total-----------------------------------------------18, 000 The average cost of maintenance for the past five years is about $15,000. The excess amount requested for maintenance is due to increased amount of dredging required on account of prevailing low water, and to stone for filling and riprap. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year is coal, lumber and other forest products, flour, sand, stone, and unclassified commodities. The usual limit of draft for car-ferry traffic, comprising 61 per cent of the total tonnage, is 17 feet. For other than car-ferry traffic the limits of draft are as follows: Coal (16 per cent), 18 feet; lumber and other forest products (4 per cent), 16 feet; sand and stone (16 per cent), 16 feet; and the remaining (3 per cent), 11 feet. Comparative statement. General vessel traffic. Car-ferry traffic. Calendar year. Passengers. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1918 ........... . .... ............... 170,988 $2,996, 617 268,309 $17, 019, 379 1,879 1919................................. 156, 438 1,508, 950 278, 203 11,488, 200 1,000 1920............................. 215,005 2, 283,160 200, 72Q 16,235,000 2,740 1921..... .... ............ .......... 190, 300 1, 384 200 282 470 20,035 000 3 329 1922....................................... . 234,089 1,925, 600 359,852 24,036,500 3 745 1 Exclusive of dead weight of cars. 1334 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The increase of 26 per cent in the amount of tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year,,is due to increased receipts and ship- ments by car ferry and to increased receipts of sand, stone, and forest products by general vessel traffic. The increase in valuation is due to increased tonnage. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $8,582.02: New work---- ------------------------------------ $357, 255. 60 Maintenance------------------------------ 253. 31 1----------74, Net total expended-------------------_-----_----- 531, 508. 91 Total appropriations to date of this report-- ------ ---- - 547, 820. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.............. .............. ..... ............................ Expended for maintenance 1.... $4, 691.28 $4, 878.98 $5, 605.73 $13, 178. 16 $42, 322.08 Appropriated or allotted........................ 20,000.00 .............. 42,000.00 6,500.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended----- ---------------------- $50, 729. 17 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923- ------------------------------------ 6, 500. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923---------------- 1, 404. 00 58, 633. 17 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 42, 322. 08 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-----_ ------- 16, 311. 09 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------------- $2, 759. 72 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts__ 7, 500. 00 10, 259. 72 July 1, 1923, balance available------------------------------- 6, 051. 37 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance_ _------------------------- '18, 000. 00 3. GREEN BAY HARBOR, WIS. (A3.) Location and description.-This harbor is located at the mouth of the Fox River, at the head of Green Bay, distant about 180 miles from Milwaukee, Wis., via Sturgeon Bay Canal, and about 49 miles southeasterly from Menominee Harbor, Mich. and Wis. It com- prises a dredged channel extending from deep water in Green Bay to the mouth of the river, the lower 7 niiles of the Fox River, be- tween its mouth and the city of Depere, and a dredged basin having an area of about 16 acres at Depere. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7.) Original condition.-The outer channel in Green Bay was cir- cuitous and narrow, with a navigable depth of about 11 feet. The head of deep-water navigation was at Depere, about 7 miles above the mouth of the Fox River. It was impossible to turn vessels over 250 feet in length at the head of the inner channel at Depere. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by river and harbor act of June 23, 1866. This project was modified by subse- s Exclusive of available 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1335 quent river and harbor acts as follows: June 23, 1874; July 13, 1892; June 3, 1896. The expenditures thereunder prior to commencement of work under the existing project in 1897 were $396,974.49 for new work, $8,918.19 for maintenance, a total of $405,892.68. For further details of previous projects, see page 1934 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an outer channel in Green Bay about 5 miles long and 20 feet deep, from that depth in the bay to the mouth of the river, varying in width from 500 feet at the outer end to 200 feet at the river mouth, the portion through Grassy Island, about 700 feet long, being protected by parallel tim- ber revetments 220 feet apart; for an inner channel in the river about 31 miles long and 15 feet deep, from that depth in the river at the southerly limits of the city of Green Bay to Depere, having a width of 150 feet; and for a turning basin 15 feet deep at the upper end of the inner channel of sufficient area to permit of vessels not exceeding 350 feet in length to turn readily at all times without the assistance of a tug. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. These depths correspond to depths of 18.9 and 13.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 1 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost 'for the turning basin, made in 1909, is $11,500, and for new work on the outer channel, revised in 1922, $215,600, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest approved estimates for annual cost of maintenance are, for inner channel and turning basin (1917), $3,000, and for outer channel and revetments at Grassy Island (1922), $12,000, a total of $15,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 23, 1866, provided for the revetments at Grassy Island (Annual Report for 1867, p. 70); the act of June 3, 1896, provided for present dimensions of the inner channel (unpub- lished report approved July 11, 1896) ; the act of June 13, 1902, pro- vided for a depth of 18 feet in the outer channel (H. Doc. No. 232, 56th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of June 25,' 1910, provided for the turning basin (H. Doc. No. 522, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); the act of August 8, 1917, provided that the improvement of Green Bay Harbor should include the maintenance of the turning basin at Depere (H. Doc. No. 1017, 64th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of September 22, 1922, provided for increasing depth of outer channel to 20 feet (H. Doc. No. 626, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published maps, see House Document No. 522, Sixty-first Congress, second session, and House Document No. 626, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The following wharves at Green Bay are not open to the general public: Four coal wharves with 4,270 feet front- age; 2 lumber and log wharves and slips with 5,600 feet frontage; 3 pulpwood wharves with 2,570 feet frontage; 5 package freight wharves with 970 feet frontage; 5 fishing wharves with 505 feet frontage; and one wharf with 300 feet frontage, for receipt of tank 1336 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. cargoes of gasoline and kerosene. A small wharf and warehouse with 120 feet frontage is open to general public use. At Depere 3 coal wharves with 975 feet frontage are not open to the general public. A package freight wharf with 140 feet frontage is open to general public use. These facilities are fairly adequate for exist- ing commerce. The city of Green Bay has constructed a municipal wharf having a frontage of about 475 feet. The wharf is provided with a brick warehouse about 80 by 110 feet, and has railway and highway connection. It is open to the general public on like terms for like service. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H-. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The principal effect of the improvement of the outer channel has been to permit deep-draft vessels carrying coal to enter the harbor. Coal receipts have been increased over 400 per cent since completion of outer channel. No material benefit to general commerce has been derived from improvement of inner channel owing to insufficient depth. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of dredging for restoration of project depth in outer channel at an expenditure of $11,058.37; building a portion of the concrete super- structure on east revetment at Grassy Island to the extent of $7,201. 31; repairs of plant, $2,958.31; soundings and miscellaneous contingent expenses, $1,648.83. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total expenditures during the fiscal year were $22,824.47 for maintenance, and $42.35 for new work, a total of $22,866.82. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project for inner channel was completed in 1889, and that for the turning basin in 1910. No work has been done under the modified project of 1922, providing for increasing depth in outer channel. The west revet- ment at Grassy Island, completed in 1870, is in fair condition; the east revetment, completed in 1869 (superstructure rebuilt in 1885 and again in 1902), is being rebuilt in concrete above the water-line, ex- cept for the 50 feet now provided with concrete superstructure. The controlling depth at low-water datum on June 30, 1923, was 18 feet in the outer channel and about 14 feet in the inner channel, includ- ing the turning basin at Depere. The head of deep-water naviga- tion is at Depere. The net expenditures under the existing project are $109,800.29, for new work; $202,723.76, for maintenance; a total of $312,524.05. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year: New work: Deepening outer channel by dredging 450,000 cubic yards, at 24 cents-- ------ ----- $108, 000. 00 Contingencies, superintendence, etc------------ 7, 000. 00 $115, 000. 00 Maintenance : Completing repairs to east revetment, Grassy Island, includig outstanding liabilities .---- 41, 297.28 Building one gasoline tug-boat--------------- 21, 500. 00 Minor repairs to west revetment, Grassy Island 2, 500. 00 Engineering and contingencies-- ---- - 6, 364. 38 71, 661. 66 Total --------------------------- -- - 186, 661. 66 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1337 It is expected that the dredging will be completed in September, 1924, the rebuilding of the east revetment and repairs to the west revetment in September, 1923, and the construction of the gasoline tug in March, 1924. The available funds for maintenance will be practically exhausted by March 31, 1924. As both outer and inner channels are open cuts without revet-- ments, except for a short distance at Grassy Island, annual dredging for maintenance is necessary on account of shoaling due to wave action and floods in the Fox River. Additional stone is needed for filling and riprap in and around the revetments at Grassy Island. The amount that can be profitably expended for work proposed to be done prior to June 30, 1925, in addition to the work to be done with the funds available, is as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 30 days, at $300__ $9, 000 Stone filling and riprap in and around revetments at Grassy Island, 1,000 tons, at $3.50------------------------------------ 3,500 Minor repairs to west revetment, Grassy Island----- - 2, 500 Engineering and contingencies ----------------------------- 2,000 Total ------------------------ --------------------- 17, 000 Commercial statistics.--The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year is coal, gasoline and kerosene, pulpwood, building materials, and unclassified package freight. The usual limit of draft for coal consigned to Green Bay, comprising 71 per cent of the total tonnage, is 18 feet; for coal consigned to Depere, about 1 per cent, 15 feet; for coal shipments up Fox River, about 9 per cent, 5.8 feet; for the remaining miscellaneous traffic (19 per cent), 15 feet. Comparative statement. City of Green Bay. City of Depere. Total for harbor.' Passengers. Calendar year. Short City of Cityof Short tons. Value. Short Value. Short tons. Value. Green Depere. Total. hoe tons. Bay. Depere. 1918. ..... 1,090, 992 $8,035,905 23, 059 $156, 538 1,114, 051 $8,192,443 417 ..... 417 1919..... 966,435 7913,430 21,307 118,470 987,742 8, 031,900 24 ........ 24 1920.. .... 1, 127774 10 678,140 13,626 123,070 1,141, 400 10, 801,210 2,877 ... 2, 877 1921...... 1,132,450 10,746,900 18,802 132,520 11,146,817 110,857,720 926 .. 926 1922...... 848, 806 9,752,450 13,500 103,690 1855,716 19,806,710 431 ........ 431 1 Exclusive of one-half of intraport traffic. The decrease of 25 per cent in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year is due to decreased receipts and shipments of coal. The decrease in valuation is due to decreased tonnage. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $12,263.78: New work ----------------------------------------- $506, 774, 78 Maintenance ----------------------------- 211, 641. 95 Net total expended ------ - 718, 416. 73 7--------- Total appropriations to date of this report- --------- 905, 078. 39 1338 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1.. .. .. ..... $42.35 Expended for maintenance 1.... $9, 499. 12 $20, 634.45 $30, 407. 35 $8, 177.64 22, 824. 47 Total expended 1.......... 9,499.12 20,634.45 30,407.35 8,177.64 22,866.82 Appropriated or allotted......... 39, 500.00 5, 000.00 15,000.00 91,000.00 110, 000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended --------- ----------------- $93, 557. 98 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923 ----------------------------------------- 110, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923----------------- 5, 970. 50 209, 528. 48 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year:' For new work--------------------------------- $42. 35 For maintenance------- --------------------- 22, 824. 47 22, 866. 82 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended --------------------------- 186, 661. 66 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities--- ----------------------- 5, 797. 28 July 1, 1923, balance available-------------------------- 180, 864. 38 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ----.-------------------------------- 30, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance --------- ------------------- 17, 000.00 4. FOX RIVER, WIS. (A4.) Location and description.-The Fox River rises in Columbia County, Wis., and flows in a northerly direction into Green Bay. Its length is about 176 miles. The Wolf River, physically the main river, but by designation a tributary of the Fox, rises in the central part of Forest County, Wis., and flows in a southerly direction about 220 miles into the Fox River 10 miles above Oshkosh. Lake Winne- bago divides the Fox River into two sections, known as upper Fox and lower Fox. The Fox River system has a drainage area of about 6,430 square miles, a maximum discharge for a period of 10 days of 15,000 second-feet, a minimum discharge for a period of 10 days of about 800 second-feet, and a mean discharge of 4,265 second-feet. The upper Fox is from 70 to 300 feet wide and has a fall at mean stage from Portage, Wis., to Lake Winnebago of 39.3 feet. The lower Fox is from 300 to 3,000 feet wide and about 39 miles long. It has a fall of about 166 feet between Lake Winnebago and Depere and is divided into a series of 8 rapids. The Wolf River is from 75 to 1,000 feet wide and flows between low banks with a gentle slope. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 73.) Original condition.-Prior to beginning improvement by the United States the State of Wisconsin and its agents had partly canalized the Fox River and had built 22 locks and 11 dams under a project to obtain a depth of 4 feet between Depere and Portage, the bottom width of canals to be 40 feet, locks 125 feet long and 30 feet wide. The head of navigation was at Portage, Wis. The original depth of the Wolf River from Shawano to its mouth varied from 2 feet to 25 feet. The head of navigation was nominally at Shawano, 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1339 about 110 miles above its mouth. It was used for logging purposes for 100 miles above Shawano. Previous projects.-In 1872 the United States assumed control of the improvement of the waterway between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River by way of the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers, as pro- vided by special act of July 7, 1870, and river and harbor act of June 10, 1872. The original project was modified by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1873. The amount expended thereunder prior to commencement of the existing project in 1886 was $3,239,- 909.63 for new work, of which $591,161.39 was spent solely upon the Wisconsin River. The improvement of the Wisconsin River was abandoned in 1887. (Annual Report for 1887, p. 2096.) For further details of previous projects, see page 1940 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for deepening and widening the channel of Fox River from Depere, 7 miles above the mouth, to Portage, Wis., a total length of 156 miles, the depth between Depere and Montello, 125 miles, to be 6 feet, and from Montello to Portage, 31 miles, the depth to be 4 feet, the width of channel from Lake Winnebago to Montello to be 100 feet; for the construction and re- construction of 27 locks and 16 dams; for construction and mainte- nance of harbors having depths of 6 feet on Lake Winnebago; and for dredging, snagging, and otherwise improving Wolf River from its mouth to New London, a distance of 47 miles, the depth to be 4 feet. All depths are referred to standard low water. Ordinary and extreme fluctuations of water level above and below mean stages on various parts of the improvement, due to floods and other causes, are about as follows: Ordinary fluctuations. Extreme fluctuations. Place. Above Below Above Below mean mean mean mean stage. stage. stage. stage. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. Lower Fox River at Depere Dam ..................... 1.0 1.4 2.5 4.0 Lake Winnebago............... ......... 1.2 1.3 2.2 3.7 Upper Fox River at Berlin Dam........:...... ...... 2.7 1.4 5.7 2.0 Wolf River at New London ......................... 5.0 2.6 8.2 3.0 The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1908, is $749,103.36, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 5, 1886, provided for improvement of the Fox River (plan of a board approved Dec. 10, 1884, as modi- fied by the Chief of Engineers May 14, 1886, Annual Report for 1885, pp. 2041-2045) ; the act of September 19, 1890, provided for dredging Fond du Lac Harbor on Lake Winnebago (Annual Report for 1890, pp. 2389-2394); the act of June 3, 1896, provided for improvement of the Wolf River (without prior survey or estimate); the acts of June 3, 1896, June 13, 1902, and March 2, 1907, provided for im- provement of Stockbridge, of Calumet and Miller Bay, and of Brothertown Harbors, on Lake Winnebago (without prior surveys or estimates). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1876, part 2, page 296. Locks and dams, Fox River, Wis. Depth at Dis- normal pool. tance tanceDis- Cter of Date of 0 Clear Kind of Actual Name of lock or dam. from Nearest town. tane width ble Lift. fonda dam. Type ofconstruction. comle- cost. Green length. Breast Lower tion.tion. Bay. wall.' miter M sill. Miles. Miles. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. Depere Lock s ................ ..... 7. 1 Depere....... 35.8 144.0 9.0 8.1 7.4 Rock..... .......... Composite. ..... 1897 $14,159.39 Depere Dam ......................... 7.2 ..... do....... 7. .... ...... do.... Fixed'$. Timber cribs..... 1880 29,338.00 0 Little Kaukauna Lock s.............. 13.0 do....... 6 36.6 137.6 .... 7.2 8.0 7.4 Clay..... .. Composite.......... 1896 8,986.52 Little Kaukauna Dam s............... 13. 1 ..... do........ ....... Clay and Fixed a . Piles and timber.... 1878 22,376.31 62 gravel. Rapide Croche Lock s............. 18.9 Wrightstown.. 2 36.6 136. 4 8.0 8.9 7.8Clay..... Stone masonry...... 1859 (5) Rapide Croche Dam '................. 19. 2 .....do........ ........ Rock.... Fixed'.. Timber cribs....... 1878 18,912.91 Kaukauna Fifth Lock s.............. 22.8 Kaukauna.... 35.6 144. 0 8.9 6.7 8.8 ... do_.............. Composite.......... 1898 13,309.90 0 Kaukauna Fourth Lock s............. 23.1 .....do........ 36. 6 144.1 10.2 6.0 6.0 ... do.... .. Stone masonry...... 1879 37,536.-37 Kaukauna Third Lock ............ 23.2 ....do..... 36. 6 144.0 10.2 6.3 6.3 ... do..... ............. do................ 1879 39,948.41 Kaukauna Second Lock :......... 23.4 do....... 35.0 144.0 9.6 6.0 6.0 ... do..... ........ ......do.............. 1903 24,312.77 Kaukauna First Lock s............... 23.6 .....do....... 2 35.1 .... 144. 4 11.3 6.9 6.0 ... do..... ............. ...do..... ... 1883 38, 703.52 z Kaukauna Dam 2................ . 24.0 .....do........ ........... do..... Fixed a . Timber cribs....... 1878 32,109. 39 Kaukauna Guard Lock.......... 24. 0 .....do........ 40.0 9.4 ........... do.... .. Stone masonry...... 1891 12,630.30 Little Chute Combined Lock, Lower 2.. 25.4 Little Chute... 35. 4 146.5 10.6 6.0 8.6 ... do..... ......... .... do.............. 1879 }102,303. 82 Little Chute Combined Lock, Upper s.. 25. 4 .....do........ 36.3 144.1 7.6 6.0 Hardpan. .............. do.............. 1879 Little Chute Second Lock s...... 26.4 do........ ..... 35.0 144.2 14.0 11.7 6.0 Rock ..... ................ ... ... 1881 48, 555.36 Little Chute First (guard) Lock '..... 26.6 11 35.4 6.6 .... .....do..... ...............do......... ....1904 7,816.56 Little Chute Dam 2.................. 26.6 ..... do ...... 1 11 .8. .... ... do..... Fixed a.. Timber cribs........ 1878 16,963.27 Cedars Lock ........................ 27.3 ..... do....... 35.0 144.0 9.8 6.8 6.8 ... do... Stone masonry..... 1888 34,972.19 Cedars Dam s.. ....................... Appleton Fourth Lock ..... ..... 27.4 ..... ..... do........ do........ ..... .do.... Fixed '. Timber cribs........ 1878 18,348.06 30. 7 Appleton ..... 1! 35.0 144.0 8. 1 7.9 ... do..... 4 Stone masonry...... 1907 40,892.55 Appleton Lower Dam s'............. 30.9 ..... do....... ...... ... do..... Fixed' . Timber cribs...... 1889 23, 456.98 Appleton Third Lock '_.............. 31.3 ..... do........ 35.0 144.0 6.0 8.6 l...... .......... Stone masonry...... 1900 32,238.39 Appleton Second Lock '............... 31.6 ..... do........ 35.1 144. 6 9.6 6.9 6.0 Clay. ............ do.............. 1901 622,939.54 Appleton First Lock . .............31.9 do........ ..... 35.0 144.7 10.2 6.6 6.0 Rock..... 4 ..... do........... 1884 36,004. 48 Appleton Up'per Dam ................. 32. 2 ..... do........ .. . do..... Fixed Fixed.. ..... do ... . 1874 60,480.69 Menasha Lock ............... ....... 37.0 Menasha...... 35.4 144.0 8.5 7.4 8.0 Clay.... 1899 6 19,326.46 Menasha Dam .......... ........ 37. 8 do.... ..... .. Rock..... Fixed'.. Timber cribs..... 1887 23,553.84 Eureka Lock .......................... 80.9 Eureka....... 35.7 148.6 2.0 7.9 10.1 Sand..... .......... Stone masonry. 1876 51,127.51 Eureka Dam...................... 80.9 do...... ..... 2 ... arth.... 1879 10.276.15 Berlin Lock ........................... 89. 2 Berlin....... 2 34.8 148.6 1.2 7.4 9.2 Clay..... Stone masonry..... 1878- 44,370.98 Berlin Dam..................... 89.2 do....... ..... 2 _ Earth .... Fixed 4. Timber cribs........ 1894 14,747.14 White River Lock ........................... 99.2 Princeton.... 6 34.35 148.5 1.8 7.2 10.7 Clay..... Stone masonry..... 1878 58, 709.94 White River Dam.................. 99.2 .... do....... 6 ........ Earth.... Fixed 4.. Timber cribs........ 1895 17,285.64 Princeton Lock....................... 108. 6 do........ .... 3 34.9 148.4 1.2 7.3 9.5 Sand ..... .......... Stone masonry..... 1878 51,577.84 Princeton Dam ........................ 108.6 do....... .... 3 ..... do .... Fixed 4.. Timber cribs..... 1898 11,265.69 Grand River Lock........ ........ 129.3 Montello.... 3 148.3 1.3 6.4 9.8 0lay... ........ Stone masonry..... 1878 56,989.43 Grand River Dam...................129.3 ....... do....do 3......... ............................. Clay and Fixed43 Timber cribs........ 1898 8,446.86 sand. Montello Lock s....................... 132.6 .......... do.....do 35.3 137.0 3.5 4.8 5.7 Sand............... Composite.......... 1901 6 4,889.83 Montello Dam 2................ 132.6 .. do.............. ..... .............. .. do..... Fixed... Timber cribs....... 1868 (5) Governor Bend Lock s...... ..... 156.7 Portage...... 6 35.0 137.0 3.4 7.0 5.2 ... do.......... ...... do.............. 1899 8,892.00 Governor Bend Dam 2.................156.7 ....... .... . .......... . ....... ......... Fixed..... ........... 1865 () Fort Winnebago Lock ............. 160.9. do...do........ 2 34.3 137.0 6.1 5.8 5.6 Clay............. Composite.........1890 12,088.45 Portage Locks .......... 163.1. do....... ....... 35.1 143.0 2.3 7.2 5.0 Sand. ... .. .... do1.....8... 893 23,161.13 SDepth shown is on breast wall, which is controlling depth for upper pool. s Unknown. sOriginal structure built prior to assumption of control by the United States on Sept. 18, 1872. 6 Partially rebuilt. SProvided with sluices. 7 Depth shown is on upper miter sill, which is controlling depth. SFludlh boards used. ©T C1 1342 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of Decem- ber 31, 1921, the Chief of Engineers recommended to Congress (see H. Doc. No. 146, 67th Cong., 2d sess.)- (a) The complete abandonment of the improvement of the Wolf River above Fremont and of the upper Fox River from the mouth of the Wolf River to the Wisconsin River; the removal of the dams and lock gates on the upper Fox and the construction of a levee across the Portage Canal, at an estimated cost of $25,000. (b) The lowering of the present reference plane to 2 feet below the crest of Menasha Dam and the deepening of all channels correspondingly at an esti- mated cost of $485,000, assuming that the upper rivers will be abandoned as recommended, no appropriation to be made until the power interests have fur- nished a bond as guaranty that upon completion of the work in the Winnebago pool they will enter into a properly secured lease for the power created by the improvement. (c) Cooperation by the United States in connection with the proposed plans for land reclamation along the upper Fox and Wolf Rivers to the extent of providing the necessary changes in the Government dams on the lower Fox, at an estimated cost of $180,000, provided that no work be done by the United States until the reclamation project has advanced sufficiently to make the alteration of locks and dams necessary. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-On the lower Fox River, between Depere and Neenah-Menasha, there are 4 freight and passenger wharves, having a combined frontage of 1,150 feet, which are publicly owned and are open to general public use; also 8 coal wharves with a com- bined frontage of 2,577 feet, not open to general public use. At harbors on Lake Winnebago, other than Oshkosh, there are 5 wharves or landings for miscellaneous freight and passengers, with a combined frontage of 715 feet, which are publicly owned and are open to general public use; also 4 wharves for miscellaneous freight, with a total frontage of 2,030 feet, not open to general public use. At Oshkosh there is a freight and passenger wharf, with 125 feet frontage, owned by the municipality and open to general public use. The following wharves are not open to general public use: Four lumber wharves, 920 feet frontage; 1 coal and building material wharf, 1,975 feet frontage; 1 wire-grass wharf, 650 feet frontage; 4 freight and passenger wharves, 1,355 feet frontage; 1 shipyard, 200 feet frontage; and 1 gasoline engine installation yard with 150 feet frontage. On the upper Fox River, above Oshkosh, there are 6 freight and passenger wharves, with a total frontage of 820 feet, which are publicly owned and are open to general public use. The following wharves are not open to general public use: Three building material wharves, 645 feet frontage; 4 lumber wharves, 510 feet frontage; 1 freight and passenger wharf, 33 feet frontage. On the Wolf River, between its mouth and New London, there are 3 freight and passenger wharves with a total of 450 feet, 1 wire-grass wharf with 160 frontage, and 1 clamshell wharf with 100 feet frontage. None of these wharves is open to general public use. There are 3 publicly owned passenger and package-freight wharves, with a total frontage of 320 feet, which are open to general public use. The foregoing facilities are considered adequate for existing com- merce; extensive frontage is available for development of water terminals when needed. More use of existing facilities, especially RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1343 on the upper river, should be made. (Fox a full description of ter- minal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to stimulate traffic in low-grade bulk commodities on lower Fox River, Lake Winnebago, and upper Fox River to mouth of Wolf River. The improvement of upper Fox River above the mouth of the Wolf River has been of practically no benefit to general commerce, the use of this portion of the improvement.being almost entirely confined to pleasure boats. The improvement of the Wolf River has afforded water transpor- tation to communities located thereon and removed from railroads. An average of more than 30,000 horsepower (24-hour) is developed annually on the lower Fox River, at least two-thirds of which is developed at dams maintained by the United States. The dredging done by the United States in deepening the channel and for main- tenance of the upper Fox River has lowered and prolonged the low- water stages materially and has thereby greatly improved the drain- age and increased the value of vast amounts of marsh and bordering lowlands. Levels of Lake Winnebago: There are two outlets to Lake Win- nebago, known as the Neenah and the Menasha Channels. There is a dam at the head of each channel, the Neenah Dam, claimed to be owned by the Neenah & Menasha Water Power Co., and the Me- nasha Dam, owned by the United States. These dams impound water in the Winnebago pool, which con- sists of Lakes Winnebago, Butte des Morts, Winneconne, and Poy- gan. Under a special act of March 3, 1875, the United States ac- quired the right to overflow riparian lands around this pool, paying therefor the sum of $592,375.09, and by the various court decrees awarding the damages acquired the right to forever maintain the Menasha Dam at its present height. No definite height of overflow for these riparian rights was stated. At the time of the earliest deorees there were no sluices in either the Menasha or Neenah Dams; since then the Menasha Dam has been lengthened, and at the present time there are four sluices in this dam and nine sluices in the Neenah Dam. In order to limit the extent of overflowage of riparian lands, sluicing is begun whenever necessary to prevent as far as practi- cable the level of Lake Winnebago from rising more than 21 inches above the crest of Menasha Dam, this height of 21 inches being mean high water for the years 1859-1886. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of rebuilding 600 linear feet of right canal bank above Little Kau- kauna lock, which washed out on June 10, 1922, interrupting naviga- tion until October 21, 1922, at an expenditure of $12,505.16; dredging for restoration of project depth on lower Fox River, $1,653.35; soundings at harbors on Lake Winnebago to the extent of $293.02; repairs to Government plant, $8,768.43; and general supervision and contingencies, $2,094.77. Expenditures to the extent of $28,575.51 were made for a new 2-cubic-yard steel dipper dredge now under con- tract. All work, except building the dredge, was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $53,890.24, for maintenance. 61637--ENo 1923-----85 1344 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 93 per cent completed. Twenty-two original locks and 9 original dams have been rebuilt; 5 additional locks and dams have been built by the United States (see Existing project for year of completion of each). These structures and the dredging in pools have increased the original depths about 2 feet. The controlling depths at mean low water on June 30, 1923, were as follows: Fox River : . Feet. Depere to Eureka Lock ---------------- ________--- __--_ -- 6. O0 Eureka Lock to Berlin Lock__-__- - -___-____-------- 5. 0 Berlin Lock to Princeton Lock__ - -________----------,, 4. 0 Princeton Lock to Grand River Lock _______________ ------ -- 3. 5 Grand River Lock to Montello Lock--------__ __-_____ ___- 4. 5 Montello Lock to Portage Lock -__-__------ ____ --- 3. 0 Wolf River : Mouth to 1 mile below Partridge Crop Lake ----- __ ---- ___- 4. 0 One mile below Partridge Crop to New London---- ..... - _______ 2. 5 Harbors on Lake Winnebago.__________-__- --- _______ - -- 5.5 The practicable drafts of vessels is about one-half foot less than the controlling depths and prevail throughout the year except when the rivers are frozen, usually from December 1 to April 1. The head of navigation for boat traffic is New London on the Wolf River and Portage on the upper Fox, except that during high water on the Wisconsin River boats can proceed from Portage to the Mississippi River. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is dredging in the upper Fox River. The net expenditures under the existing project are $698,960.26, for new work; $125,042.75, for maintenance; a total of $824,003.01. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year: Maintenance: Construction of steel-hull dipper dredge now under contract, including repairs and alterations of old machinery and equip- ment and furnishings to be furnished by the United States___ $57, 000. 00 Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Appleton and bucket dredge Omro with attendant plant_ ------------------ 24, 750.00 Construction of two side-dump scows, steel hull------------- 40, 000. 00 Construction of one tug, steel hull____ -- 75, 000. 00 Construction of one 225-ton barge, steel hull-------- -- 20, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies ---- --- _______---___ 19, 914. 05 Total -------------------------------------------- 236, 664. 05 The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1924. On account of the increasing commerce on the lower Fox River, it is necessary to maintain full project dimensions in the channels on this portion of the river. Annual dredging is also necessary for maintenance of Lake Winnebago harbors. The bucket-dredge Omro, two flat scows equipped with hand der- ricks, and Quarterboat No. 2 are practically worn out. This old plant is built with wooden hulls, which deteriorate rapidly in the warm waters of the river. It is proposed to replace the Omro with a 15- ton steel-derrick boat with quarters for crew and the three other wooden hulls with steel barges. RIVERS AND HARBORS- ILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1345 The amount that can be profitably expended for maintenance dur- ing the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, is as follows: Operation of new 2-cubic-yard dipper dredge a d attendant plant--.. $18, 000 Operation of U. S, bucket dredge Omro and aftendant plant---------15, 000 Construction of one 15-ton steel derrick boat with quarters 60, 000 --------- Construction of three 150-ton steel barges ____ ----- ----- 50, 000 Engineering and contingencies __.___._______-__-__ -14, 000 Total_ ------------------------------------------ 157, 000 The average annual cost of maintenance for the past five years is about $17,500. The excess amount requested for maintenance is due to the increased amount of dredging necessary to maintain full proj- ect dimensions of channels and to the necessity of new plant con- struction. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year is coal (38 per cent); building material- (60 per cent) ; miscellaneous farm products and unclassified (2 per cent). The usual limit of draft of vessels carrying coal and building ma- terials is 5.8 feet; that for the remaining miscellaneous traffic is 4 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918.......... 165,936 $1, 356,539 24, 470 1921.......... 285,590 $1, 824,280 11, 498 1919........... 253, 877 2,117, 305 34, 458 1922 ......... 210,231 928, 570 34,642 1920........... 272,733 2,298,620 20,657 The decrease of 26 per cent in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year, is due to decreased traffic in coal. The decrease in .valuation is due to decreased tonnage. The decrease in the amount of coal traffic is due to general short- age of coal and also to washout of canal bank at Little Kaukauna on June 10, 1922, navigation on lower river being entirely sus- pended from that date to October 21, 1922. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $19,798.91: New work --------------------------------------- $3, 938, 869. 89 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 125, 042. 75 Net total expended _______-----------------_---- - 4, 063, 912. 64 Total appropriations to date of this report- -------- __.---- 4, 300, 576. 69 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1 ... ... ...................... 27, 450.59 $172.17 ........... Expended for maintenance 1..... $16, 133. 79 $10, 793.71 6,199. 67 10, 970. 09 $53, 890.24 Total epend ed 1......... 16, 133. 79 10, 793. 71 33, 650.26 11,142. 53, 890.24 Appropriated or allotted......... 28,700.00 42,500.00 31,000.00 100,000.00 146,000.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1346 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended -------------------------- $140, 568. 89 Amount alloted from War, Department appropriation act ap- rioved March 2, 1923---------------- ------------------ 146, 000.00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923----------------3, 985. 49 290, 554. 29 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for main- tenance 1 - - - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 53, 890. 24 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-------------------- 236, 664. 05 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities---------------- $10,154. 33 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts -- ----------------------------------- 34, 368. 65 44, 522. 98 July 1, 1923, balance available ----------------------------- 192, 141. 07 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of -existing project--------------------------------- ------ '15, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance ------------------------------------ '157, 000. 00 5. STURGEON BAY AND LAKE MICHIGAN SHIP CANAL, WIS. (A5.) Location and description.-This improvement is on the west shore of Lake Michigan, distant about 52 miles northeasterly from Green Bay and about 128 miles northerly from Milwaukee. It consists of a revetted canal connecting Lake Michigan and Sturgeon Bay, a basin having an area of about 12 acres inclosed by breakwaters at the Lake Michigan end of the canal, and a dredged channel connect- ing the westerly end of the canal with deep water in Sturgeon Bay. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7.) Original condition.-In its natural condition Lake Michigan was separated from Sturgeon Bay by a neck of land about 11 miles wide,. having a maximum elevation above the lake level of about 28 feet. The canal and channel in Sturgeon Bay were originally constructed by a private corporation. As originally constructed by the canal corporation the canal had a width at water line of 100 feet and a depth of about 12 feet, with the same depth in the Sturgeon Bay Channel. Previous projects,-The original project for the entrance to the canal was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1873, modified by river and harbor act of June 14, 1880. The United States assumed possession of the canal April 25, 1893, as provided by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892. The original project for the canal was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894, modified by river and harbor act of June 3, 1896. The amount expended thereunder prior to commencement of the existing project in 1903 is as follows: New work, including purchase price of canal, $323,419.40; maintenance, $30,410.21; a total of $353,829.61. For further details of previous projects, see page 1935 of Annual Report for 1915. Existinrprojects.--This provides for an outer harbor or stilling basin protected by two converging breakwaters, each 1,344 feet in length, extending from the shore on either side of the easterly or Lake Michigan end of the canal; for a channel extending from deep 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. tExclusive ofr available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1347 water in the lake to the canal entrance at the shore line, a total length of 1,300 feet, varying in width from 600 feet at the outer end in the lake to 160 feet at the canal entrance; for a revetted canal 7,200 feet in length, varying in width from 160 to 250 feet; for a channel through Sturgeon Bay from the westerly end of the canal to deep water in the bay, a distance of 4 miles, having a width of 200 feet; and for a turning basin 1,600 feet long, maximum width 500 feet, located at the westerly end of the canal at the head of Sturgeon Bay; all channels and the turning basin to, be 19 feet deep. The break- waters are formed of stone-filled piling and timber cribs; the revet- ments are formed of piling and timber, 914 feet having been repaired with concrete superstructure. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depth of 17.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 1l feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, is $251,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $15,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and habor acts: The act of March 3, 1873, provided for the breakwaters (Annual Report for 1874, pt..1, p. 142); the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the present canal revetments and channel dimensions and consolidated the canal and harbor works (H. Doc. No. 117, 56th Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the turning basin (H. Doc. No. 1382, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The canal and connecting channels being a through waterway, there are no terminal facilities. The nearest port is the city of Sturgeon Bay, 4 miles from the west end of the canal. Effect of improvement.--The principal effect is the shortening of the distance from ports on the west shore of Lake Michigan to Menominee Harbor by about 50 miles and to Green Bay Harbor by about 70 miles. It has likewise afforded shelter to vessels during storms. The number of vessels seeking shelter is not known. It is believed that the project has a material effect in reducing water rates on bulk commodities, such as coal, grain, and lumber. It is imprac- ticable to estimate the amount of reduction in rates thereby effected. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of dredging for restoration of project depth in harbor of refuge at an expenditure of $2,803.94; repairing 700 linear feet of the south revetment at an expediture of $13,405.10; repairs of floating plant to the extent of $10,540.60; general contingencies, soundings, and other incidental expenses amounted to $1,556.93; and an expenditure of $843.71 was made for new steel barges now under contract. All work, except construction of the barges, was done by hired labor and 1348 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. use of Government plant. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $29,150.28, for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1919. The harbor entrance piers were completed in 1880, the canal revetments in 1903, and the dredging in 1904. The break- waters at entrance are in good condition, only minor repairs being needed. About 1,800 feet of canal revetments require repairing above the water surface; it is believed this can best be done at a rate of about 900 linear feet per year. The controlling depth at low-water datum on June 30, 1923, was 18 feet over a minimum width of about 130 feet in center of harbor of refuge and 19 feet throughout the canal. The net expenditures under the existing project are $243,- 223.05, for new work; $106,327.94, for maintenance; a total of $349,- 550.99. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year: Maintenance: Construction of steel barges now under contract, including machinery and outfit to be furnished by the United States__ $17, 500. 00 Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 10 days, at $300__ 3, 000.00 Repairing 750 linear feet canal revetment, at $20------------15, 000. 00 Minor repairs to harbor piers and revetments _____________ 2, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies--------------------------- 3, 733. 61 Total---------------------------------------- 41, 233. 61 The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1924. On account of shoaling caused by wave action, annual dredging in lake entrance to canal is necessary to maintain project dimensions of channel. The channel in Sturgeon Bay, especially in the vicinity of Hills Point, will require dredging to maintain project dimensions. Portions of the canal revetments, built many years ago, are badly decayed above the water surface and should be repaired as soon as possible. The amount that can be profitably expended for work proposed to be done prior to June 30, 1925, in addition to the work to be done with the funds available, is as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 30 days, at $300_-_.. $9, 000 Repairing 1,200 linear feet canal revetments, at $20 _________-_ 24, 000 Minor repairs to piers and revetments_________________________ 2, 000 Engineering and contingencies--------------- --------------- 3, 000 Total----------------------------------------- 38, 000 The average cost of maintenance for the past five years is about $19,000. The excess amount requested for maintenance is due to the necessity of completing repairs to canal revetments as rapidly as possible. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year is coal, lumber, stone, manufactured iron, and unclassified commodities. The usual limit of draft for car ferry steamers, carrying 62 per cent of the total traffic, is 17 feet. For other than car ferry traffic the limits of draft are as follows: Coal (2 per cent) 18 feet; lumber (2 per cent) 15 feet; stone (29 per cent) 16 feet; and for the remainder miscellaneous traffic (5 per cent) 13 to 16 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1349 Comparative statement. General vessel traffic. Car-ferry traffie. Calendar year. Passengers. Short tons. Value. Short tons.' Value. 1918........................... 168, 445 $4, 539, 615 267, 929 $16, 099.628 6,917 1919 .......................... 124, 142 3, 232,930 242, 188 11,296, 640 8, 759 1920 .................... 198, 076 3,298,000 183.858 14,423, 300 6,077 1921 ........................... 297, 330 3, 888,950 282, 470 20,035, 000 7, 524 1922 .......................... 222, 897 1, 507, 000 359,852 24,036,500 7, 095 1 Exclusive of dead weight of cars. The small increase in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year, is due to increased traffic by car-ferry steamers, which was partially offset by decreased tonnage carried by vessels engaged in general traffic. The increase in valuation is due to increased tonnage. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30,.1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $30,535.60: New work ----------------------------------------- $566, 642.45 Maintenance ,----------------------------------------136, 738. 15 Net total expended--------------------------------- 703, 380. 60 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------744, 614. 21 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work '..... .............. $18 670.00 Expended for maintenance ...... $12,393.07 18, 355.35 $15, 725. 12 $20, 826.28 29, 150. 28 Total expended i.......... 12.393.07 37,025.35 15, 725. 12 20,826.28 29, 150.28 Appropriated or allotted......... 46,500.00 3, 000. 00 25,000. 00 38, 000. 00 19, 000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ------------------------ $46, 324. 09 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923 ------------------------------------- 19,000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 --------------- 5, 059. 80 70, 383. 89 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance -------------- -----------------___ ----------------- 29, 150. 28 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ---------------------------- 41, 233. 61 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------------------ $338. 88 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts----- -------------------------------- 16, 656. 29 16, 995. 17 July 1, 1923, balance available------------------------------ 24, 238. 44 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance------ --------------------- '38, 000. 00 SNot deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2Exclusive of available funds. 1350 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 6. ALGOMA HARBOR, WIS. (A6.) Location and. description.-This harbor is on the west shore of Lake Michigan, distant about 68 miles from Green Bay via Sturgeon Bay Canal and about 115 miles northerly from Milwaukee. This harbor is at the mouth of the Ahnapee River and consists of a basin having an area of about 11 acres, formed by inclosing a portion of Lake Michigan within breakwaters. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7.) Original condition.-The mouth of the Ahnapee River was ob- structed by a bar on which there was a depth of about 3 feet, and no harbor existed. The Ahnapee River was navigable for a distance of about 2 miles from its mouth for crafts drawing not more than 4 feet. Previous projects.-The original project for harbor at Ahnapee, as this locality was called formerly, was adopted by the river and har- bor act of March 3, 1871. The project was modified by subsequent river and harbor acts as follows: March 3, 1873, March 3, 1875, July 5, 1884, March 3, 1899. The amount expended thereunder prior to the commencement of the existing project in 1907 is $192,773.50 for new work, $8,687.96 for maintenance, a total of $201,461.46. For further details of previous projects see page 1935 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an outer harbor 14 feet deep inclosed by two piers or breakwaters, one on the north side of the river 1,100 feet long, extending approximately normal to the shore into the lake, and the other, 1,528 feet long, extending from the shore at a point about 1,000 feet south of the original river mouth, and for a channel of same depth as outer harbor, extending from that depth in the lake up the river a distance of 1,400 feet from its mouth, a total length of about 2,500 feet; this channel varies in width from 100 feet to 175 feet. The breakwaters are formed of stone-filled timber cribs, concrete caissons, and piling; the caissons are capped with concrete superstructure. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michi- gan which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depth of 12.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 1 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1907, is $140,000, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1871, provided for the north pier or breakwater (Annual Report for 1871, p. 126); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the south breakwater and the present channel di- mensions without prior survey or estimate (unpublished report sub- mitted Sept. 25, 1907). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1908, page 1954. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1351 Terminal facilities.-The following wharves and terminals are not open to the general public: One coal wharf with 275 feet front- age, 2 lumber and wood wharves with 155 feet frontage, and 2 fishing wharves with X40 feet frontage. A package freight wharf and ware- house with 280 feet frontage is open to general public use. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-There has been but little, if any, benefit to general commerce as a result of completion of existing project. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of repairing, laying up, and fitting out Government plant at an ex- penditure of $1,697.39; depositing of additional riprap and stone filling along south pier, $1,722.98; soundings and general contingen- cies and' supervision, $414.49. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total expenditures during the fiscal year were $3,834.86 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1909. The north pier was completed in 1890, the south pier and breakwater and dredging in 1909. The piers and break- waters are in fair condition, except that the lake side of the caisson breakwater has been badly damaged by ice. The controlling depth at low-water datum at the close of the fiscal year was 14 feet to the Merchants' Dock in the outer harbor, and about 9 feet to the coal dock at the inner end of the north pier. The Ahnapee River is nav- igable for a distance of about 2 miles from its mouth for vessels drawing not more than 4 feet. The net expenditures under the ex- isting project are $99,236.15 for new work, $51,024.08 for mainte- nance, a total of $150,260.23. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 11 days at $300_... $3, 300. 00 Minor repairs to piers and breakwater_.....__..------ 1, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies -------------------------- 755. 52 Total ------------- ----------------------- 5, 055. 52 As it is proposed to operate a packet freight line the latter part of 1923, dredging necessary to restore channel dimensions will be done as soon as necessary plant is available. Minor repairs will be made during the fiscal year. The available funds will be practically exhausted by November 30, 1923. On account of the proposed resumption of packet freight service, annual dredging for maintenance will be necessary. Minor repairs to piers and breakwater are needed annually to preserve old wooden superstructures. The amount that can be profitably expended for work proposed to be done prior to June 30, 1925, in addition to the work to be done with the funds available, is as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 10 days at $300__---- $3, 000 Minor repairs to piers and breakwater-------------------- 1, 000 Engineering and contingencies ----- - - - 500 Total --------------- ---- ------- 4, 500 1352 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year was fish, salt, cordwood, and stone. The usual limit of draft for vessels carrying wood, comprising 48 per cent of the total tonnage, is 7 feet; that for salt (5 per cent),- 80 feet; that for stone (40 per cent), 81 feet; that for fish (7 per cent), 4 to 7 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918 ........... 6, 283 $714,061 140 1921.......... 1, 055 $30,850 .. 1919........... 1,884 89,950 35 1922.......... 1,648 36, 800.. 1920........... 332 31,570 The increase of 56 per cent in the amount of tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year, is due to increased receipts of stone. The increase in valuation is due to increased tonnage. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $7,260.55: New work ----------------------------------------- $292, 009. 65 Maintenance _________-----------_____--59, 712. 04 Net total expended _____ - ____________ _ 351, 721. 69 Total appropriations to date of this report --___-__-------- - 356, 777. 21 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work ........ .. ......... ...................... Expended for maintenance 1.... $8, 201.94 $4, 280. 12 $2, 863.01 83, 477.91 83, 834.86 Appropriated or allotted......... 12,600.00 ........................ 6,500.00 ........... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ---------------------------- $7, 458. 72 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 ,431. 66 1------------------ 8, 890. 38 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 3, 834. 86 __------- ------- July 1, 1923, balance unexpended _________-- 5, 055. 52 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance----------- --------------------- 4, 500. 00 7. KEWAUNEE HARBOR, WIS. (A7.) Location and description.-This harbor is on the west shore of Lake Michigan, distant about 105 miles northerly from Milwaukee and about 78 miles from Green Bay via Sturgeon Bay Canal. The harbor is at the mouth of the Kewaunee River, and consists of a basin having an area of about 12 acres and a channel protected by 1 NPot deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1353 parallel piers, extending therefrom to deep water in Lake Michigan. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7.) Original condition.-The original mouth of the Kewaunee River was located about 2,000 feet north of the present harbor entrance. It was not more than 20 feet wide, 3 feet deep at shoalest point, and was obstructed by submerged bowlders. Before improvement by the United States there was no harbor at this place, and all commerce was transacted over bridge piers. The Kewaunee River was navi- gable for a distance of about 64 miles above its mouth for craft draw- ing not more than 4 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881. There was no modification of this project prior to the adoption of the existing project. The amount expended prior to the commencement of the existing project in 1916 is $149,312.44 for new work, $88,363.97 for maintenance, a total of $237,676.41. For further details of previous project see page 1936 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for protecting the mouth of the Kewaunee River by parallel piers 200 feet apart, each 1,850 feet in length, and for a channel 18 feet deep from that depth in the lake to an interior turning basin of the same depth formed by cutting away part of the point between the old and present river channels; the channel is 2,200 feet long and 160 feet wide. The piers are formed of stone-filled piling; the outer 1,200 feet of the north pier and the outer 1,525 feet of the south pier have been repaired with concrete superstructure. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Mich- igan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depth of 16.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 1 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1907, is $53,690, ex- clusive of amount expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $2,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1881, provided for the entrance channel and the entrance piers (Annual Report for 1881, p. 2082); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for present channel dimensions (H. Doc. No. 324, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, adopting the project, provides that no expenditures shall be made under this project until the following conditions shall have been complied with: First. The city of Kewaunee to donate or cause to be donated to the United States all land that must be acquired for the formation of the turning basin. Second. The city of Kewaunee to hold the United States free from liability for all damages that may be claimed by riparian owners as a result of the dredging herein proposed. 1354 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S., ARMY, 1923. Third. The city of Kewaunee to give satisfactory assurance that it will cause to be constructed, as soon as firedging has progressed sufficiently, a suitable revetment across the point between the old and present river chpnnels. The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, authorized that condi- tion No. 3 be waived. (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 7, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) Title to the land required for the turning basin was transferred to the United States by the city of Kewaunee and was approved by the Department of Justice January 6, 1916. Assurance by the city of Kewaunee of the observance of the second condition was accepted by the department April 4, 1916. While not required by the project, the city of Kewaunee has donated to the United States a tract of land used as an engineer depot for storage of materials and for lay- ing up and repairing plant during the winter. Deeds to this land were approved by the Secretary of War January 19, 1897, August 31, 18991 and January 6, 1916. Terminal facilities.-The following wharves are not open to the general public: One car-ferry slip, 1 coal, wood, and grain wharf, 450 feet frontage; 1 package freight wharf, 540 feet frontage. As 98 per cent of the commerce is carried by car ferry these facili- ties are considered adequate for existing commerce, except that facilities for unloading coal should be improved and possibly free use of a general wharf provided. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The completion of the existing project has afforded better facilities for car-ferry steamers, by which prac- tically all the commerce of the port is carried on. There has been no effect on other water-borne commerce, which is insignificant in re- spect to tonnage. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted in dredging for restoration of project depth at an expenditure of $9,787.35; building 306 linear feet of pile revetment with concrete superstructure along Government property at an expenditure of $7,560.18; minor repairs to piers, $416.09; filling depot ground, $317.28; repairing, laying up, and fitting out plant to the extent of $494.59; soundings and general contingencies and supervision amounting to $925.96. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total expenditures during the fiscal yearwere $19,501.45 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is completed, the dimensions of the entrance channel being 160 feet wide and 2,200 feet long, and the interior basin from about 730 to 450 feet wide and about 800 feet long. The piers were completed in 1897 and prac- tically all dredging in 1918. The piers are in generally good condi- tion, only minor repairs being required. At the close of the fiscal year the controlling depth at low-water datum was 18 feet to the car-ferry slip. The Kewaunee River is navigable for a distance of about 6 miles above its mouth for craft drawing not more than 4 feet. The net expenditures under the existing project are $24,898.03 for new work, $35,552.21 for maintenance, a total of $60,450.24. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1355 Maintenance: Construction of steel barges now under contract, including machinery and outfit to be furnished by the United States .. $5, 000. 00 Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 20 days, at $300__ 6, 000. 00 Completing repairs of revetment ----------------------- 2, 000. 00 Depositing filling on depot grounds, 10,000 cubic yards, at 50 cents 5, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies 673. 35 1----------------------- Total ----------------------------------- 19, 673. 35 It is expected the dredging will be done in the fall of 1923 and early in 1924. The revetment repairs will be completed in Novem- ber, 1923, and the filling will be deposited in fall of 1923 and spring of 1924. The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1924. On account of shoaling due to wave action and floods in the Ke- waunee River, annual dredging for maintenance is required. Ad- ditional filling will be needed on depot grounds to make low places available for use. Minor repairs are needed annually to preserve old wooden superstructures. The amount that can be profitably ex- pended for work proposed to be done prior to June 30, 1925, in ad- dition to the work to be done with the funds available, is as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 15 days, at $300_... $4, 500 Depositing filling on depot grounds, 12,000 cubic yards, at 50 cents-- 6, 000 Minor repairs to harbor piers _____________ ____________ _ 5, 000 Engineering and contingencies_______________-- 2________ 2, 000 Total ----------- -------------------------------- 17, 500 The average cost of maintenance for the past five years is about $8,500. The excess amount requested for maintenance is for filling on depot grounds and repairs to harbor piers. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year is coal, flour and feed, grain, lumber, and un- classified commodities, practically all of which is carried by car-ferry steamers. The usual limit of draft for car ferries is 17 feet; that for other miscellaneous traffic is 6.5 to 8 feet. Comparative statement. General vessel traffic. Car-ferry traffic. Calendar year. Passengers. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1918 .............................. 3,692 $1,147, 658 167, 496 $14, 543, 313 408 1919............................. 728 194,640 183,175 16,334,960 500 1920............................ 347 19 940 272,187 18,905,000 1,000 1921 ........................... 1,100 28,400 191,102 11, 946, 000 90 1922............................ . 818 20, 950 234, 674 14, 263, 300 157 1 Exclusive of dead weight of cars. The increase of about 23 per cent in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year, is due to increased receipts and shipments by car ferry. The increase in valuation is due to increased tonnage. 1356 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $5,355.47: New work--------------------------------------------- $174,210. 47 Maintenance_ ____-___----- 123, 916. 18 Net total expended ------------------------ 298, 126. 65 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------------317, 800. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 .. Expended for new work 1........ ..... ....... 363.68 .. Expended for maintenance 1.... $5, 624.62 4, 392.25 $3, 259. 78 $5, 703. 29 $19, 501.45 Total expended 1.......... 5,624.62 4,755.93 3,259. 78 5,703.29 19, 501.45 Appropriated or allotted............... .............. 4,000.00 30,000.00 7,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended________________ _________$30, 938. 80 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923-------------------------- ----------------------- 7, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 _______________-1, 236. 00 39, 174. 80 June 30, 1923, -- amount expended during fiscal year, for main- -- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- -- --- -- --- -- --- -- --- tenance 19, 501. 45 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-------------------------------19, 673. 35 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities__________________ $495. 24 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts- 5, 000. 00 5, 495. 24 July 1, 1923, balance available ___ 14, 178. 11 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance2----------------------------------- 17, 500. 00 8. TWO RIVERS HARBOR, WIS. (A8.) Location and description.-This harbor is on the west shore of Lake Michigan, distant about 82 miles northerly from Milwaukee, and about 101 miles from Green Bay via Sturgeon Bay Canal. The harbor is at the mouth of the Twin Rivers and consists of a basin having an area of about 4 acres and a channel protected by parallel piers extending therefrom to deep water on Lake Michigan. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7.) Original condition.--The depth at the mouth of the Twin Rivers was from 3 to 4 feet, and no harbor existed at this place. East and West Twin Rivers were navigable for about 3 and 7 miles, respec- tively, from the harbor piers for craft drawing not more than 6 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871. The expenditures prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1907 were $212,857.20 for new work, $33,113.35 for maintenance, a total of $245,970.55. For further details of previous projects see page 1936 of Annual Report for 1915. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS---MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1357 Existing project.-This provides for two entrance piers at the mouth of Twin Rivers, 245 feet apart at the outer ends and 750 feet apart at the shore line, having lengths of about 1,640 feet and 1,720 feet for the north and south piers, respectively; for a channel 2,500 feet long and 14 feet deep extending from that depth in the lake to an inner basin at the confluence of the East and West Twin Rivers, the channel varying in width from 500 feet at the outer end to 200 feet between the piers; for a revetment about 450 feet long on the north side at the inner end of the channel, and for a small stilling basin beyond the shore line on the north side of the channel. The piers are formed of stone-filled timber cribs and piling; about 300 feet of the south pier has been provided with rubble super- structure; the revetment on north side of channel is provided with concrete superstructure. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michi- gan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depth of 12.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 1i feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1917, is $55,000, ex- clusive 6f amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $6,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1871, provided for the south pier, 750 feet of the north pier, and about 44 feet of the north revetment (Annual Report for 1871, p. 123, as modified by the Chief of Engi- neers February 27, 1897; the act of March 2, 1907, providing for the remainder of the north pier, the stilling basin, and present channel dimensions (modification of plan A, H. Doc. No. 730, 59th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest ppublished map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The following wharves are not open to the general public: One coal and wood wharf with 900 feet frontage; three lumber and wood wharves with 1,080 feet frontage; numerous fishing wharves with 1,810 feet frontage. The city has provided a public wharf with 395 feet frontage but without warehouse or rail- way connection, which is open to the public without charge. These facilities are considered generally adequate for existing commerce. The city of Two Rivers, however, should provide a warehouse and railway connections to the municipal wharf. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The project has afforded better facilities for delivering coal by vessel. There has been no effect on other water-borne commerce, which is insignificant in tonnage. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operationsconsisted in dredging for restoration of project depth at an expenditure of $3,880.42; repairing, laying up and fitting out Government plant to the extent of $1,612.28; minor repairs to piers, $396.24; soundings, general contingencies and supervision amounting to $481.80. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The 1358 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. total expenditures during the fiscal year were $6,370.74, for main- tenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1909. The south pier was completed in 1883, the north pier in 1908, and the dredging in 1909. Except for the shore arm of the north pier, the piers and revetments are in generally good condi- tion. The shore arm, 892 feet long, is badly decayed above the water surface and will require rebuilding within a few years. At the close of the fiscal year the controlling depth at low-water datum was 14 feet. East and West Twin Rivers are navigable for about 3 and 7 miles, respectively, from the harbor piers for craft drawing not more than 6 feet. The net expenditures under the existing project are $53,559.40 for new work, $89,456.81 for maintenance, a total of $143,016.21. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 18 days, at $300... $5, 400. 00 Minor repairs to piers and revetments--------------------- 2, 500. 00 Engineering and contingencies--___________ -- ________ 1, 163. 24 Total__------------------------L--------- 9, 063. 24 It is expected the dredging will be done early in 1924,-and the minor repairs will be made during the fiscal year. The available funds will be practically exhausted by May 31, 1924. On account of shoaling due to wave action and floods in the Twin Rivers, annual dredging for maintenance is required. Stone is needed for filling and riprapping in and around the piers. Minor repairs are needed annually to preserve old wooden superstructures. The amount that can be profitably expended for work proposed to be done prior to June 30, 1925, in addition to the work to be done with the funds available is as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 10 days, at $300-_.... $3, 000 500 tons of stone, at $4 --------------. ------------------- 2, 000 Minor repairs to piers--- __ ------------------------ 2, 500 Engineering and contingencies-- 500 1-------------------- Total ------------------------------------------------ 9, 000 The average cost of maintenance for the past five years is about $5,000. The excess amount requested for maintenance is due to necessary repairs to piers and revetments. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year was coal (69 per cent), crushed stone, and fish. The usual limit of draft for vessels carrying coal and crushed stone (91 per cent of total traffic) is 15 feet; that for fish (5 per cent), 7 feet; that for remaining traffic (4 per cent), 6 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendaryear. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918........... 30,926 $413,049 ............ 1921.......... 27,160 $241,420......... 1919........... 23,961 219,540 1922.......... 9,182 150,050.. 1920........... 19, 852 252, 600 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1359 The decrease of 66 per cent in tonnage compared to that of the preceding year is due to decreased receipts of coal and crushed stone. The decrease in valuation is due to decreased tonnage. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $9,133.15: New work----------------------------------------- $266, 416. 60 Maintenance--_______----- - ----- ___-- - 122, 570. 16 Net total expended--------------------------------- 388, 986. 76 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 398, 050. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.... ..... ........................... Expended for maintenance 1..... $1, 613. 00 $794.79 $10, 329. 21 $4, 845. 27 $6, 370.74 Appropriated or allotted......... 6,950.00 ............... 6,500.00 5,500.00 7,500. 00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended --------------------- - $6, 217. 92 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923------------------------------------ ...------ 7, 500. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923_ ---------- 1, 716. 06 15, 433. 98 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance 6, 370. 74 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------ -- --------------- 9,063. 24 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance ---- --- ------------ ---- '9, 00. 00 9. MANITOWOC HARBOR, WIS. (A9.) Location and description.-This harbor is on the west shore of Lake Michigan, distant about 79 miles northerly from Milwaukee and about 106 miles from Green Bay via Sturgeon Bay Canal. The harbor is at the mouth of the Manitowoc River, and consists of a basin having an area of about 78 acres, formed by inclosing a portion of Lake Michigan within breakwaters. The commercial harbor is located within the Manitowoc River, which has been dredged and is maintained by the municipality. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7.) Original condition.-The depth at the mouth of the Manitowoc River was about 4 feet at the shoalest point, and no harbor existed at this place. All commerce was transacted over " bridge piers" ex- tending from the shore into Lake Michigan; there was no naviga- tion on the river. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted in 1854, the first appropriation for the improvement having been made by the river and harbor act of August 30, 1852. The project was modified by subsequent river and harbor acts, as follows: March 3, 1881; Sep- tember 19, 1890; June 3, 1896; June 13, 1902. The amount expended 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2Exclusive of available funds. 61637--ENG 1923---86 1360 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1907 is $400,126.14 for new work, $54,287.93 for maintenance, a total of $454,414.07. For further details of previous projects see page 1937 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an outer harbor or stilling basin formed by two breakwaters extending from the shore on either side of the mouth of the Manitowoc River, 425 feet apart at their outer ends and diverging to a distance of 2,180 feet apart at their inner ends, having lengths of 2,540 feet and 2,290 feet for the north and south breakwaters, respectively, and for a channel 18 feet deep extending from that depth in the lake through the outer harbor to the mouth of the river, a total length of about 2,000 feet, with a width of about 500 feet. The breakwaters are formed of stone- filled timber cribs, concrete caissons and piling; the caissons forming 290 feet of each breakwater are capped with concrete superstructure. The project depth is referred to low water datum for Lake Michi- gan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depth of 16.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 1J feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1907, is $486,000, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $8,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 62, 59th'Cong., 1st sess., as modified by R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 3, 59th Cong., 2d sess.). For latest pub- lished map see House Document No. 136, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of 2 car-ferry slips; 6 coal wharves with 3,035 feet frontage; 3 grain, flour, and feed wharves with 1,100 feet frontage; 1 shipbuilding yard with 2,000 feet front- age; 1 package-freight wharf with 450 feet frontage; 2 lumber and wood wharves with 400 feet frontage; and 1 wharf for miscellaneous freight with 1,080 feet frontage. None of these wharves is open to general public use. While these facilities are considered fairly ade- quate for existing commerce, it is believed the city should provide a suitable wharf with warehouse and railway connection, which should be open to the general public. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The principal effect has been to increase the volume of car-ferry business and of coal receipts for shipment to the interior. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of repairing, laying up, and fitting out Government plant at an ex- penditure of $4,913.57; minor repairs to the breakwaters to the ex- tent of $472; soundings, general contingencies, and supervision at an expenditure of $752.03. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total expenditures during the fiscal year were $6,137.60, for maintenance. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1361 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1910. The breakwaters were completed in 1910 and the dredging in 1908. The breakwaters are in fair condition, requiring only minor repairs at the present time. The piling connecting break- waters with shore is badly decayed and requires rebuilding above the water surface. At the close of the fiscal year the controlling depth at low-water datum was 18 feet. The net expenditures under the existing project are $234,248.48 for new work, $242,732.75 for maintenance, a total of $476,981.23. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year: Maintenance: Operation of United States dipper dredge Kewaunee, 20 days, at $300 -------------------------------- $6, 000. 00 Repairs to concrete and timber superstructures on breakwaters__ 3, 500. 00 Engineering and contingencies 164. 70 1---------_____-1, Total---- -------- ----------------------------- 10, 664. 70 It is expected the dredging will be done early in 1924 and repairs to superstructures will be made during the fiscal year. The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1924. The piling connecting north breakwater with the shore is so badly decayed above the water surface that it should be cut down and re- built in concrete as soon as necessary funds are provided. The amount that can be profitably expended for work proposed to be done prior to June 30, 1925, in addition to the work to be done with the funds available, is as follows: Maintenance: Rebuilding 1,450 linear feet of superstructure on north pile pier, at $80------ ----------------------------------- $116, 000 Engineering and contingencies-____-- ____-13, 000 Total --------------------------------------- 129, 000 The average cost of maintenance for the past five years is about $7,200. The excess amount requested for maintenance is due to necessary repairs to north pile pier. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year is coal, lumber, grain and grain products, manufactured iron, and unclassified commodities. The usual limit of draft for car ferry traffic, comprising 78 per cent of the total traffic, is 17 feet. For other than car ferry traffic the limits of draft are as follows: coal (14 per cent), 18.5 feet; grain (7 per cent), 18 feet; crushed stone (one-half per cent), 16 feet; and the remainder (one-half per cent), 12 feet. Comparative statement. General vessel traffic. Car-ferry traffic. Calendar year. Passengers. Short tons. Value. Short tons.' Value. 1918............................. 441,056 $7,247,032 1,312,171 $131,047,357 960 199 ......................... .. 490,210 4,566,650 1,281,160 88,426,660 3,300 1920............................ 275,900 3,534,800 1,484,855 112,695,750 7,500 1921 ........................... 398,077 4,302,020 1,218,255 71,362,000 3,456 1922............................. .. 370,337 5,018,090 1,302,321 72,611,400 1,339 1Exclusive of dead weight of cars. 1362 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The decrease in the amount of coal received by vessels other than car ferry was more than offset by increased shipments by car ferry and general vessel traffic, leaving an increase of about 3J per cent in total tonnage. The increase in valuation is due to increased tonnage. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $29,643.70: New work----------------------------------------- $634, 374. 62 Maintenance-------------------------------------- 297, 020. 68 Net total expended-----------.--- ________ 931, 395. 30 Total appropriations to date of this report ______ ______-__ 942, 060. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.... .................................... ......... Expended for maintenance 1..... $5, 536.38 $5, 006. 74 $4, 416.41 $17,190. 23 $6, 137.60 Appropriated or allotted........ 13,000.00 """""""...................... ........ 3,500.0.......... 3, July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ________--- - _____ $7, 685. 28 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 -------------- 9, 117. 02 16, 802. 30 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance -- ------------------------------ ---- , 137. 60 6--- July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_----- ----- -- -- __ 10, 664. 70 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities__------ --- ___----_ - 1, 173. 79 July 1, 1923, balance available -------------------------- 9, 490. 91 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance_--___-------------__ ---- ' 129, 000. 00 10. SHEBOYGAN HARBOR, WIS. (A10.) Location and description.-This harbor is on the west shore of Lake Michigan, distant about 26 miles south from Manitowoc and about 55 miles north of Milwaukee. The harbor is at the mouth of the Sheboygan River, and consists of a basin having an area of about 102 acres, formed by inclosing a portion of Lake Michigan within breakwaters. The commercial harbor is located within the Sheboy- gan River, which has been dredged and is maintained by the munici- pality. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7.) Original,condition.-The depth at the mouth of the river did not exceed 7 feet. The town and county of Sheboygan built parallel piers and dredged between them to a depth of 12 feet. Sheboygan River was navigable for a distance of about 12 miles above its mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 23, 1866. This project was modified by sub- sequent river and harbor acts, as follows: March 3, 1873; March 3, 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1363 1881; August 18, 1894; March 3, 1899; and June 13, 1902. The total expenditures prior to commencement of the existing project in 1907 are $487,816.64 for new work, $87,131.46 for maintenance, a total of $574,948.10. For further details of previous projects see page 1937 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an outer harbor or stilling basin formed by two breakwaters extending from the shore on either side of the mouth of Sheboygan River, having lengths of 3,829 feet and 4,520 feet for the north and the south breakwaters, respectively, and for a channel 19 feet deep from that depth in the lake through the outer harbor to the mouth of the river, a total length of about 3,000 feet, having a width of about 360 feet. The north breakwater is formed of stone-filled timber cribs, concrete caissons, and piling, the concrete caissons, the piling, and 100 feet of the timber cribs constituting 3,133 feet of the north breakwater, being capped with concrete superstructure. Pending the construction of the south breakwater, the old south pier, 2,750 feet long, consisting of timber cribs and piling and extending into the lake about normal to the shore on the south side of the mouth of the river, is being main- tained. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michi- gan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depth of 17.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure of about 1 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1909, is $998,000; and that for the north breakwater is $362,000. These estimates are exclu- sive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $8,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 62, 59th Cong., 1st sess.). The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, provided for the modified project con- sisting of the north breakwater only (Annual Report for 1911, p. 2327). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1909, oppo- site page 1968. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of 2 coal wharves, with 3,260 feet frontage; 3 lumber wharves, with 1,615 feet frontage; 1 wood wharf, with 500 feet frontage; 1 cement wharf, with 100 feet front- age; 1 package freight wharf, with 240 feet frontage; and 6 fishing wharves, with 860 feet frontage. None of these wharves is open to general public use. While these facilities are fairly adequate for existing commerce, the city should acquire one wharf for public use on equal terms. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The principal effect has been a marked stilling effect of the water in the river, with increased safety for vessels moored in the lower portion of the Sheboygan River. 1364 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of minor repairs to pier and breakwater, including additional riprap along breakwater, at an expenditure of $5,290.99; repairing, laying up, and fitting out of Government plant to the extent of $1,408.59; soundings, general contingencies, and supervision anounting to $793.03. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total expenditures during the fiscal year were $7,492.61 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The partial project providing for construction of north breakwater, the removal of old north pier, and dredging was completed in 1915. The south pier was completed in 1904, the north breakwater and dredging in 1915. About 650 feet of the south pier is in such a dilapidated condition that early rebuilding above the water surface is necessary. The remainder of the south pier is in fair condition, minor repairs only being necessary. The north breakwater is in fair condition. At the close of the fiscal year the controlling depth at low-water datum was 18.8 feet through the center of the entrance channel over a minimum width of 120 feet. Sheboygan River is navigable for a distance of about 1l miles above its mouth for craft drawing not more than 10 feet. The net ex- penditures under the existing project are $874,441.07 for new work, $118,052.93 for maintenance, a total of $492,494. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year: Maintenance: Construction of steel barges now under contract including ma- chinery and outfit to be furnished by the United States------ $7, 500. 00 Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 30 days at $300__ 9, 000. 00 Minor repairs to piers and breakwater_ ______ -5, ___----- 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies- ----------------------- 2, 326. 02 Total -------------------------------------------------- 23, 826.02 It is expected to do the dredging in July, 1923, and June, 1924, and to make minor repairs during the fiscal year. The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1924. On account of shoaling due to wave action and floods in the Sheboygan River annual dredging for maintenance is required. The amount that can be profitably expended for work proposed to be done prior to June 30, 1925, in addition to the work to be done with the funds available, is as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 20 days, at $300_ _. $6, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies-------------------------_ 1, 000. 00 Total ----------------------------------------- ---- 7, 000. 00 Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year is coal, cement, sand, stone, and wood. The usual limit of draft for coal carrying vessels, comprising 96 per cent of the total tonnage, is 19 feet; that for cement, sand, and stone (3 per cent) is about 15 feet; that for the remaining miscellaneous traffic (1 per cent) is 7 to 9 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1365 Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918........... 703,530 $7,925,724 1,109 1921.......... 436,903 $3,795,740 ......... 1919...........552,026 4,223, 060 2, 412 1922......... 476 504 4,107, 600 1920........... 484,335 4,161,490 .... ......... The increase of about 9 per cent in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year, is due to increased receipts of coal and build- ing materials. The increase in valuation is due to increased tonnage. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $7,206.93: New work---- $862, 257. 71 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 205, 184. 39 Net total expended 067, 442. 10 1________---1, Total appropriations to date of this report -- 1, 091, 268. 12 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work................... Expended for maintenance 1.... $24, 095. 21 $4, 166. 23 $6, 593.05 $10,435. 58 $7, 492. 61 Appropriated or allotted......... 19, 500. 00 .............. 10,500.00 21, 500. 00 5, 000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended _------- $24, 886.98 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923------ ------------------------------------ 5, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year year 1923_----------_ 1, 431. 65 31, 318. 63 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, fov main- -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - - -- -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- -- tenance 7, 492. 61 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ______---____-____- 23, 826. 02 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts ----- 7, 500.00 July 1, 1923, balance available .----.--- --------------------- 16. 326. 02 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance-- --------------- -- -27, 000. 00 11. PORT WASHINGTON HARBOR, WIS. (All.) Location and description.-This harbor is on the west shore of Lake Michigan, distant about 53 miles south from Manitowoc and about 29 miles north from Milwaukee. The harbor is entirely arti- ficial, consisting of two basins, the north basin having an area of 39 acres and the west basin of i1 acres, and of a channel in Lake Michi- gan protected by parallel piers leading to the basins. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7.) 1 Nofom etc sles rceips deuctig 5 f avilale fnds 1 Not, deducting receipts from sales;, etc. 2 Exclusive of availabe fun~ds. 1366 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Original condition.-No harbor existed at this place. The Sauk River, which empties into Lake Michigan at this place, is a com- paratively small creek and was not available for navigation over any portion of it. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 11, 1870. This project was modified by the river and harbor act of August 14, 1876. The amount expended prior to the commencement of the existing project in 1910 is $188,495.08 for new work, $15,123.46 for maintenance, a total of $203,618.54. For further details of previous projects, see page 1938 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for two parallel piers about 150 feet apart, having a length of 920 feet each, and for a channel 16 feet deep from that depth in the lake leading to two interior basins having the same depth, the west basin being 150 by 490 feet, and the north basin 190 by 770 feet; this channel has a total length of about 1,400 feet and varies in width from 375 feet at the outer end in the lake to about 120 feet between the piers. The piers are formed of stone-filled timber cribs; about 370 feet of the south pier and 90 feet of the north pier at the inner ends have been provided. with rubble superstructure. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depth of 14.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 1 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1909, is $30,000, ex- clusive of the amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The' act of July 11, 1870, provided for the entrance piers and the south basin (H. Ex. Doc. No. 28, 41st Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of August 14, 1876, provided for the north basin (Annual Report for 1876, pt. 2, p. 379); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for present channel dimensions (H. Doc. No. 306, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1903, oppo- site page 1856. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The following wharves are not open to gen- eral public use: One coal wharf with 230 feet frontage; 1 lumber wharf with 1,100 feet frontage; 1 wharf at foundry with 520 feet frontage; 6 fishing wharves with 540 feet frontage. A package freight wharf with 70 feet frontage, owned by the city of Port Washington and provided with a small warehouse and railway con- nection, is open to general public use. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-There has been but little, if any, benefit to general commerce as a result of completion of existing project. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1367 The water-borne commerce is insignificant in tonnage. Receipts of coal by vessel, which had entirely teased, were resumed in 1922. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of minor repairs to piers, including repairs of plant, at an expendi- ture of $204.35; soundings, general contingencies, and supervision amounting to $172.38. Dredging for restoration of project depth was in progress at the close of the fiscal year; an expenditure of $47.35 was made for this work during the fiscal year. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total expenditures during the fiscal year were $424.08. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1911. The north pier was completed in 1887, the south pier in 1893, and the dredging in 1911. Only minor repairs to the piers are necessary to put them in generally good condition. The controlling depth at low-water datum at the close of the fiscal year was 13.5 feet over bar at entrance. The net expenditures under existing project are $22,446.30 for new work, $34,260.26 for main- tenance, a total of $56,706.56. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 9 days, at $300__ $2, 700. 00 Stone for filling and riprap in and around harbor piers, 650 tons, at $4---------------------------------------- 2, 600. 00 Engineering and contingencies_----- -------------- __-- 774. 90 Total ----------- ---------------------------- 6, 074. 90 It is expected to complete the dredging in July, 1923, and to deposit the stone early in 1924. The available funds will be prac- tically exhausted by May 31, 1924. A small amount of dredging for maintenance and minor repairs to piers are required annually. The amount that can be profitably expended for work proposed to be done prior to June 30, 1925, in addition to the work to be done with the funds available, is as follows: Maintenance : Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 7 days, at $300-_.... $2,100 Minor repairs to piers__----- __ --- --------------- 1,000 Engineering and contingencies------- 400 Total ---------------------------------------- 3, 500 The average cost of maintenance fot the past five years is about $1,500. Excess amount requested for maintenance is due to in- creased amount of dredging required on account of prevailing low water. Commercial statistics.--The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year was coal, fish, and cedar posts. The usual limit of draft for coal-carrying vessels, comprising 85 per cent of the total tonnage, is 15 feet; that for fishing tugs and wood-carrying vessels, the remaining 15 per cent, is 7 feet. 1368 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918........... 7,374 $323,429 2,100 1921.......... 482 $64,800 .......... 1919........... 615 86,280............. 1922.......... 2,904 82, 800.. 1920.......... 507 72,710.......... The increase of 500 per cent in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year, is due to renewed receipts of coal. No coal had been received since 1918. The increase in valuation is due to in- creased tonnage. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923 after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $68.25: New work----------------------------------------- $210, 941. 38 Maintenance ___________________------- 49, 383. 72 Net total expended ________________________ 260, 325. 10 Total appropriations to date of this report _____________ __ 266, 400. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work..... .... .. ... . .. Expended for maintenance '..... $904.05 $637. 27 $5, 367. 57 $392.65 $424.08 Appropriated or allotted......... 5, 000. 00 .............. 3,000. 00 6, 000.00 ........... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended _________ _______________ $6, 498. 98 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 424. 08 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended __________ , 074. 90 6________________ July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ___________________________ 588. 90 July 1, 1923, balance available-.---- ___ -- -. 5, 486. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June ._____- 30, 1925, for maintenance _.__________-- ___ - 3, 500. 00 12. MILWAUKEE HARBOR, WIS. (A12.) Location and description.-This harbor is on the west shore of Lake Michigan, distant about 85 miles northerly from Chicago and about 83 miles west of Grand Haven, Mich. It is located at the mouth of the Milwaukee River and consists of a channel protected by piers and of an outer basin, having an area of about 650 acres, over 275 acres of which there is a depth of 18 feet and greater, in which vessels seeking safety from storms can be moored; the basin is protected by a breakwater, extending from the shore in a generally southeasterly direction. The commercial harbor is in the Milwaukee Menomonie, and Kinnickinnic Rivers. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7.) Originalcondition.-In its natural condition the mouth of the Mil- waukee River was about 3,000 feet south of thile present harbor en- 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS.,, DISTRICT. 1369 trance. The depth at the river mouth was not more than 41 feet, and no harbor existed at this place. The city of Milwaukee had dredged a channel at the present entrance and had protected same by two parallel piers each about 1,120 feet long. The original condition of the rivers comprising the inner or commercial harbor is not definitely known. Previous projects.-The original project for improvement of Mil- waukee Harbor was adopted by act of March 3, 1843. This project was modified by river and harbor acts as follows: August 30, 1852, April 10, 1869, and March 3, 1899. The original project for the har- bor of refuge was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881. The project of June 13, 1902, consolidating the harbor and harbor of refuge was modified by river and harbor act of March 3, 1905. The total expenditures on the harbor and harbor of refuge prior to the commencement of the existing project in 1907, but- in- cluding an expenditure of $14,633.85, made under the abandoned project of 1910 for widening rivers and dredging turning basins, are $1,293,220.26 for new work, $459,305.16 for maintenance; a total of $1,752,525.42. For further details of previous projects see page 1938 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a north breakwater 10,370 feet long, and the construction of a south breakwater 9,650 feet, more or less, in length, extending to the shore, thereby forming a protected basin in which is to be located a commercial harbor to be constructed by the city of Milwaukee, the width of entrance between the two breakwaters to be about 500 feet. It further provides for the pro- tection of the river mouth by two piers, 360 feet apart at their outer ends and 550 feet apart at the shore line, about 1,656 feet and 1,608 feet in length for the north and south piers, respectively; for a channel 21 feet deep, extending from that depth in the lake to the mouth of the river, a total length of about 2,850 feet, the width of channel outside the piers to be 600 feet; the removal of the remaining portions of the original south pier and of the point of land at the root of the present pier, so as to provide a channel width of about 575 feet at the river mouth; and the abandonment of so much of the previous project as related to dredging inside the shore line for the formation of turning basins and widening channels. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Mich- igan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depth of 19.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 1 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1922, is $4,592,000, exclusive of the amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1922) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenancd is $50,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 30, 1852, provided for the north pier (S. Dec. No. 175, 25th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of March 3, 1899, provided for the 19-foot channel dimensions (H. Dec. No. 61, 54th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 3, 1881, provided for the inner 1370 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 7,600 feet of the breakwater (Annual Report for 1881, p. 2122) ; the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the south pier (Annual Report for 1906, p. 1752), and also provided for extending the breakwater 1,000 feet without prior survey or estimate; the act of September 22, 1922, provided for extending north breakwater, for a south break- water, and for deepening and widening channel (H. Doc. No. 804, 66th Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published maps, see House Docu- ment No. 667, Sixty-first Congress, second session, and Annual Re- port for 1911, page 2332. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, adopting the project for breakwater extension, construction, and dredging, provided that actual work by the United States shall not be commenced thereon until the city of Milwaukee shall have presented evidence satisfactory to the Secretary of War that it is prepared to finance and carry out its part of the project along the general lines of the plan presented with report published in House Document No. 804, Sixty-sixth Congress, second session, subject, however, to such modifications as may be deemed essential by the Chief of Engineers, and that it will deed to the United States the area proposed to be donated for Federal uses just north of the north pier. These assurances have been given by the city of Milwaukee, and were approved by the Assistant Secretary of War on April 5, 1923. Terminal facilities.-There is no publicly owned wharf or other terminal facility at the present time. One large privately owned wharf and warehouse, with about 900 feet frontage, is open to general public use. The following wharves and terminals are not open to general public use: Two car-ferry slips; 25 coal wharves, 25,675 feet total frontage; 5 graiir elevators, 2,040 feet total frontage; 2 iron-ore wharves, 1,830 feet total frontage; 11 wharves and warehouses for miscellaneous traffic and package freight, 3,300 feet total frontage; and 25 wharves for lumber, building materials, tanbark, etc., 13,585 feet total frontage. There is one wharf with 900 feet frontage, pro- vided with warehouse and railway connections, which is open to the general public on like terms for like service. General storage is as follows: Car ferry, 235 cars; coal, 3,448,200 tons; grain, 4,650,000 bushels; iron ore, 190,000 tons; lumber, 46,- 500,000 feet b. m.; tanbark, 4,700 cords; sand, 11,000 cubic yards. These facilities are inadequate for existing commerce. The river and harbor act of March 4, 1915, provided for an examiniation and survey of Milwaukee Harbor. Tentative plans for an enlarged outer harbor have been submitted by the Milwaukee Harbor Commission and these plans are incorporated in a survey report published in House Decument No. 804, Sixty-sixth Congress, second session. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The harbor of refuge is but little used by vessels seeking shelter from storms, but on account of the con- gested condition of the inner harbor it is largely used by vessels waiting an opportunity to enter the inner harbor and proceed to their destination. There is no record of the number of vessels which RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1371 have moored in the harbor of refuge. By reason of its excellent harbor Milwaukee has become the principal coal-receiving port on Lake Michigan. Many bulky articles, such as coal, salt, sugar, etc., are transshipped from water to rail at Milwaukee. The favorable effect of the harbor upon commerce is widespread throughout sev- eral States lying to the westward. Operations and results during fiscal year.--Operations consisted of dredging for restoration of project depth and repairs to the con- crete caisson construction plant at an expenditure of $65,618.86; re- pairs of Government plant to the extent of $15,373.30; repairs of concrete superstructure on breakwater at an expenditure of $7,597.01; soundings, general contingencies, and supervision amounting to $5,405.61. All work was done by hired labor and use of Govern- ment plant. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $93,- 994.78, for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The north breakwater was com- pleted to its existing length of 8,610 feet in 1909, the north pier in 1905, and the south pier in 1910. The work remaining to be done to complete the existing project is extending north breakwater 1,760 feet, building 9,650 feet of south breakwater, and dredging for deepening and widening entrance channel. The concrete superstructures on the breakwater and harbor piers are showing considerable disintegration, but not to such an extent as to endanger the structures. The outer 980 feet of the existing breakwater, consisting of timber cribs with timber superstructure, is badly decayed and should be rebuilt above the water surface as soon as funds are available. Additional riprap is needed around the breakwater. The controlling depth at low-water datum at the close of the fiscal year in the entrance channel was 19 feet. The net expenditures under the existing project since 1907 are $321,101.76 for new work, $623,167.69 for maintenance, a total of $944,269.45. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year: New work: North breakwater extension, 1,760 linear feet, at $270 ---------------------------------- $475, 200. 00 Contingencies, engineering and superintendence__ 24, 800. 00 $500, 000. 00 Maintenance: Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 10 days, at $300----------------------------- 3, 000.00 Rebuilding superstructure on timber crib break- water, 800 linear feet, at $75---------------- 60, 000. 00 Completing repairs to caisson construction plant and building new caisson forms (1923)------- 18, 000. 00 Repairs to concrete superstructure on break- water and harbor piers, (1923-24) ----------- 10, 000. 00 Building 1,000-ton steel barge ---------- 75, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies ___------------ - 16, 680. 49 182, 680. 49 Total----------------------------------- --------- 682, 680. 49 It is expected to award a contract and begin the north break- water extension in July, 1923, and to complete it about June 30, 1925; to do the dredging in July, 1923; to rebuild superstructure 1372 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 9. ARMY, 1923. October, 1923, and April-June, 1924; to repair concrete superstruc- ture July, 1923, to June, 1924; and to build the steel barge by con- tract during the winter of 1923-24. The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1924. The amount that can be profitably expended prior to June 30, 1925, in addition to the work to be done with the funds available, will be applied to new work by contract on south breakwater, and to maintenance, as follows: New work: Building 2,000 linear feet of south breakwater, at $290------------------------------------- $580, 000 Contingencies, engineering and superintendence------- 29, 000 $609, 000 Maintenance: Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 30 days, at $300------------------------------------- 9, 000 Rebuilding superstructure on timber-crib breakwater, 160 linear feet, at $75------ -------------------- 12, 000 Repairs to concrete superstructure on breakwater and harbor piers-----------------------------------7, 000 Engineering and contingencies---------------------3, 000 31, 000 Total ---------------------------------------- -640, 000 Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year is coal, iron ore, lumber, and other forest products, grains, flour, salt, building materials, and unclassified commodities. About 28 per cent of the total tonnage consists of miscellaneous commodities carried by car ferry steamers on a limit- ing draft of 17 feet. The usual limits of draft and proportions of total tonnage for vessels other than car ferry are as follows: Coal (48 per cent), 19 feet; grain (12 per cent), 18 feet; other miscel- laneous traffic (12 per cent), 16 feet. Two new package-freight lines, known as the Great Lakes Transit Corporation and the Nicholson Transit Co., operated during the year to Buffalo and to Detroit, Cleveland, and Buffalo, respectively. Comparative statement. General vessel traffic. 'Car-ferry traffic. Calendar year. Passengers. Short tons., Value. Short tons. 1 Value. 1918............................ 5, 726,749 $178, 689,175 1, 359, 801 $183, 875, 693 198, 717 1919......... 5, 243, 850 135, 321100 1,759, 350 184, 758 200 130, 342 1920 ........................... 4075466 90 965 900 1,685,903 125 416,000 162 460 148 942 1921 ............................. 5 011 520 111 513, 800 1,419, 627 90,147,000 1922........................ 4023,505 125,868, 500 1579430 155 56,700 180,038 'Exclusive of dead weight of cars. The decrease of 13 per cent in tonnage compared to that of the preceding year is due to decreased receipts of coal and foreign and domestic shipments of grain. There is an increase in valuation due to increased receipts and shipments of automobiles and other com- modities of high unit value. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1373 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $59,244. 59: New work--------------------------------------- $1, 614, 322. 02 Maintenance--------- --------------- 1, 082, 472. 85 Net total expended--- -------------------------- 2, 696, 794. 87 Total appropriations to date of this report------------ ------- 3, 379, 475. 36 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work..... ......... .... ......... ................. Expended for maintenance 1..... $5, 998 55 $16, 932.62 $187, 658. 37 $31, 547. 13 $93, 994. 78 Appropriated or allotted......... 19,500.00 J..............1 170,000.00 155,500.00 1 580,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------ $173, 064. 05 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923------- --------------------------- 580, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923----------- 23, 611. 22 776,675.27 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for main- tenance - - -- - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- 1' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.93, teac 9,4.7994. 78 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------------------- -- 682, 680. 49 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-------------------------- 10, 989. 51 July 1, 1923, balance available __ ____-_ 671, 690.98 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project__-,---------------------_ ' 3, 500, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work- ___---- -------- 609, 000. 00 For maintenance ------------------------------------ 31, 000. 00 Total _ ----------------------------------- 640, 000. 00 13. RACINE HARBOR, WIS. (A13.) Location and description.-This harbor is on the west shore of Lake Michigan, distant about 26 miles southerly from Milwaukee and about 64 miles northerly from Chicago. The harbor is at the mouth of the Root River, and consists of a basin having an area of about 50 acres, formed by inclosing a portion of Lake Michigan within breakwaters. The commercial harbor is located within the Root River, which has been dredged and is maintained by the mu- nicipality. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7.) Original condition.-Some time prior to the beginning of im- provement by the United States the citizens of Racine had built two parallel piers 160 feet apart of unknown length and had dredged a channel between them 12 feet in depth. The original availability of the Root River for navigation is unknown. Z Exclusive of available funds. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1374 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the citi- zens of Racine about 1842 or 1843. The citizens' project was modi- fied by river and harbor acts as follows: June 23, 1866, March 3, 1899, and June 13, 1902. The amount expended by the United States prior to the commencement of the existing project in 1907 is $427,239.97 for new work, $79,536.95 for maintenance, a total of $506,776.92. For further details of previous projects see page 1939 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for two breakwaters extending from the shore on either side of the mouth of Root River, 2,640 feet and 2,652 feet in length for the north and south breakwaters, respec- tively, and for a channel varying in width from 650 feet at the outer end to 200 feet at the river mouth, 19 feet deep; this channel extends from that depth in the lake a distance of 2,300 feet to the mouth of the river. The breakwaters are formed of stone-filled timber cribs, concrete caissons, and piling; the concrete caissons and piling constituting 1,844 feet of the north breakwater and the entire south breakwater, are to be capped with concrete superstructure. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michi- gan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depth of 17.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 1l feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The original estimate for new work made in 1909 was $649,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest revised estimate (1920) for the new work under existing project is $703,200, exclusive of inner 300 linear feet of pile pier and 450 linear feet of rubble mound, no longer considered necessary. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of nmaintenance is $8,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 62, 59th Cong., 1st sess.), and modified by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (Annual Report for 1909, p. 1973). For latest published map, see Annual Report for 1914, p. 2906. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of 5 coal wharves with 2,640 feet frontage; 1 package-freight wharf with 260 feet frontage; 1 lumber wharf with 500 feet frontage, 2 fishing wharves with 236 feet frontage, none of which is open to general public use. While these facilities are considered generally adequate for existing com- merce, there should be a publicly owned or controlled wharf with railroad and terminal facilities, open to all on equal terms. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The principal effect has been a stilling of the water in the river with increased safety for vessels moored in the lower portion of the Root River. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Materials were pur- chased for construction of south pile pier, and work was com- menced under contract at an expenditure of $13,358.07; expendi- RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1375 tures on the work of enlarging the concrete caisson construction plant at Milwaukee, Wis., were $907.30; minor repairs to piers, $1,097.96; repairs were made to Government plant to the extent of $2,329.08; supplies for stock were purchased in amount of $1,015.81; soundings, general supervision, and contingencies amounted to $1,864.52. All work, except construction of the south pier, was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $14,414.07 for new work, $6,158.67 for main- tenance; a total of $20,572.74. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 80 per cent completed. The work remaining to be done is building 1,440 linear feet of pile pier and 40 linear feet of rubble mound, removing 1,162 linear feet of old south pier and dredging for widen- ing of channel. The construction of the inshore 300 linear feet of pile pier is no longer necessary on account of the construction of a shore protection by the city of Racine, parallel to the shore and 750 feet distant therefrom. The concrete superstucture on north breakwater and shore connection is showing considerable disin- tegration, but not to such an extent as to endanger the structures. The outer 800 feet of the north breakwater, consisting of timber cribs with timber superstructure, shows considerable decay and will soon have to be rebuilt above the water surface. Minor repairs only are needed at the present time. The portion of the south breakwater already built is in good condition. The controlling depth at low- water datum at the close of the fiscal year was 19 feet. The net ex- penditures under existing project are $487,980.16 for new work, $143,426.50 for maintenance, a total of $631,406.66. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year: New work : Construction of short connection between south concrete caisson breakwater and rubble mound built by the city of Racine, removing old south pier, and dredging, now under contract-------- $160, 000. 00 Contingencies,'engineering, and inspection------- 16, 000. 00 $176, 000. 00 Maintenance: Minor repairs to piers and breakwaters.--... 5, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies ----------------- 558. 63 5, 558. 63 Total ------------------------------- --- 181, 558. 63 It is expected to complete the shore connection, etc., now under contract by January 26, 1925, thereby completing the existing project, and to make the minor repairs during the fiscal year as may be required. The funds available are believed to be sufficient for completion of existing project, and for maintenance of the harbor to June 30, 1925. Comercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year is coal and unclassified commodities (package freight). The usual limit of draft for coal-carrying vessels, com- prising 92 per cent of the total tonnage, is 18 feet; that for package and miscellaneous freight (8 per cent), is 15 feet. 61637-ENG 1923---87 1376 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918........... 265,664 $17,544,214 3,111 1921.......... 242,551 $5, 000,750 673 1919........... 233,804 10 670,860 2,269 1922,......... 246,032 5,865,850 27,559 1920.......... 204,680 9967,2 532 The small increase in tonnage, compared to that of the preceding year, is due to increased receipts of coal, which was partially offset by no receipts of stone. The increase in valuation is due to increased tonnage. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $29,742.57: New work---------------- ------------------------- $915, 220. 13 Maintenance- -------------------------- ---- 222, 963. 45 Net total expended- 138, 183. 58 1----------------------------- Total appropriations to date of this report- -__-------------1,319, 742. 21 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1....... $48, 517.73 $17, 079.44 $10,327.54 .............. $14,414.07 Expended for maintenance 1.... 3, 410. 41 23, 111. 12 27, 208. 59 $36, 967.28 6,158. 67 Total expended........... 51,928. 14 40, 190. 56 37, 536. 13 36, 967. 28 20, 572. 74 Appropriated or allotted........ 7, 524.00 498.54 .............. 150,000.00 .............. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended_----- ------------------- $192, 193. 30 Receipts from sale of materials purchased in previous fiscal years_ 3, 731. 19 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923----------------- 6, 206. 88 202. 131. 37 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 For new work__---- ---------------- $14,414.07 For maintenance ------- -- ----- 6, 158. 67 20, 572. 74 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------------------- 181, 558. 63 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ------------ $7, 443. 58 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 134, 552. 75 141, 996. 33 July 1, 1923, balance available_ --------------------------- 39, 562. 30 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-------------------------------------------- 27, 000. 00 14. KENOSHA HARBOR, WIS. (A14.) Location and description.-This harbor is on the west shore of Lake Michigan, distant about 35 miles southerly from Milwaukee and about 54 miles northerly from Chicago. It is at the mouth of 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS----MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1377 Pike Creek, and consists of an interior basin having an area of about 8 acres and a channel protected by parallel piers extending there- from to deep water in Lake Michigan. The entrance channel is protected on the north by a detached breakwater. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7.) Original condition.-Before beginning the improvement by the United States, certain improvements were made, apparently as early as 1844, but there is no available record as to the extent of the im- provements or by whom made. Pike Creek is a small stream and was not available for navigation. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 30, 1852. This project was modified by subsequent river and harbor acts as follows: June 23, 1866, Septem- ber 19, 1890, March 3, 1899, and June 13, 1902. Total expenditures prior to commencement of the existing project in 1907 are $453,839.49 for new work, $21,818.17 for maintenance, a total of $475,657.66. For further details of previous projects, see page 1939 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a detached breakwater 800 feet long, for two parallel piers about 250 feet apart, 1,077 and 1,872 feet in length for the north and south piers, respectively, and for a channel 200 feet wide, 19 feet deep; this channel extends from that depth in the lake a distance of 2,350 feet to an interior basin 18 feet deep. The breakwater is formed of stone-filled cribs; the piers are formed of stone-filled cribs and piling. The entire north pier is capped with concrete superstructure. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. These depths correspond to depths of 17.9 and 16.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a tem- porary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 1 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1906, is $35,000, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $7,000. The exsiting project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for the parallel piers, for 600 feet of br'eakwater, and for the present channel and basin dimensions (H. Doc. No. 328, 54th Cong., 2d sess., and H. Doc. No. 164, 55th Cong., 3d sess.) ; the act of March 2, 1907, provided for extending the breakwater 200 feet (H. Doc. No. 62, 59th Cong., 1st sess., and R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 3, 59th Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1903, page 1863. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--None. Terminal facilities.-The following wharves are not open to gen- eral public use: One coal wharf with 500 feet frontage; one lumber wharf with 530 feet frontage; one package-freight wharf with 140 feet frontage; one tan-bark wharf with 970 feet frontage; one fishing wharf with 300 feet frontage. About 1,360 feet of revetment, built by the city of Kenosha along the north side of entrance channel and east side of basin, is available for wharfage and is open to general public 137.8 REPORT OF CHIPF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. use. More efficient. use of existing terminals, the construction of 400 feet of revetment on the east side of the basin, and utilization of available frontage for development of additional terminals, par- ticularly for the receipt of coal, is considered necessary to meet requirements of existing commerce and to better utilize the harbor facilities which have been provided by the Federal Government. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong.,, 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-While the extension of the breakwater has somewhat diminished disturbances in the harbor during storms, the water-borne commerce has decreased in tonnage since the com- pletion of the project. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operationsconsisted of dredging for restoration of project depth at an expenditure of $1,- 714.33; minor repairs to piers and breakwater to the extent of $1,- 264.52; repairs, laying up and fitting out of Government plant at an expenditure of $1,233.93; soundings, general supervision and con- tingencies amounting to $586.24. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $4,799.02 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1909. The north pier was completed in 1895, the south pier and dredging in 1900, and the breakwater in 1909. The superstruc- ture of the inshore portion of the breakwater for a length of about 200 feet is very much decayed and should be rebuilt. About 75 linear feet of the inshore portion of the south pier also requires rebuilding above water. A small amount of riprap is required along the break- water. The controlling depths at low-water datum at the close of the fiscal year are 19 feet in channel between the piers and 18 feet over about three-quarters of the basin. The net expenditures under the existing project are $40,553.04 for new work, $124,249.79 for maintenance, a total of $164,802.83. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended at the close of the fiscal year: Maintenance: Construction of steel barges now under contract, including ma- chinery and outfit to be furnished by the United States------- $5, 000. 00 Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 20 days, at $300_ 6, 000. 00 Rebuilding superstructure on breakwater, 200 linear feet, at $80 ----------------- --- ----------------------- 16, 000. 00 Rebuilding superstructure on inshore end of south pier (1923), 75 linear feet, at $75 ..-------------------------------- 5, 625. 00 Minor repairs to piers and breakwater--------------------- 2, 500. 00 Engineering and contingencies-------------- 3, 221. 92 Total ---- ----------------------- ----------- 38, 346. 92 It is expected to rebuild superstructures during September, 1923, and to do the dredging early in 1924. The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1924. Annual dredging for maintenance is required. A small amount of stone is needed for filling and riprap in and around the break- water. The amount that can be profitably expended for work pro- posed to be done prior to June 30, 1925, in addition to the work to be done with the funds available, is as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1379 Maintenance: Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 15 days, at $300------ $4, 500 650 tons stone, filling and riprap, at $4---------..-- ----------- 2, 600 Engineering and contingencies--. 900 .--------------------- Total -------- ------------------------------------- 8, 000 Commercial statistics.--The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year is coal, automobiles, automobile parts, and un- classified commodities (package freight). The usual limit of draft for package freight vessels, comprising 58 per cent of the total traffic, is 12 feet, that for coal (21 per cent) is 18 feet; that for the remaining traffic (21 per cent) is 16 feet. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918........... 42,982 $9,654,532 3,370 1921.......... 25, 589 $3,815, 700 .......... 1919.......... 38, 537 7 610,180 1, 500 1922......... 24, 869 11, 499, 780 ............ 1920.......... .. 35,232 13,942,570 ......... The small decrease in tonnage (3 per cent), compared to that of the preceding year is principally due to decreased receipts of coal which were partially offset by increased receipts and shipments of automobiles and automobile parts. There is an increase in valuation due to increased receipts and shipments of automobiles and parts and other commodities of high unit value. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $10,522.11: New work---- --- - ----------------------- ---- $494, 392. 53 Maintenance ---- _--- -- ____-- -- _--_ -- ---- _ 146, 067. 96 Net total expended ---------- ---------------- 640, 460.49 Total appropriations to date of this report ------ -____-678, 807. 41 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1.920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.......................................... ........ Expended for maintenance 1..... $3, 547. 56 $1, 654. 76 $9, 243.50 $15,164. 65 $4,799. 02 Appropriated or allotted.......... 9, 500. 00 4, 000. 00 13, 000.00 37, 000. 00 I....... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended _____ _____--------------- $40, 002. 14 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923----------------- 3, 143. 80 43, 145. 94 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year for mainte- nance' ------------------------------------------------ 4, 799. 02 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended - --------------------- 38, 346. 92 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities -------------- $2, 837. 64 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 5, 000. 00 7, 837. 64 July 1, 1923, balance available------------- ----------------- 30, 509. 28 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance --- --------------- 8, 000, 00 z Exclusive of available funds. 1 Not deducting~ receipts ° from sales, etc. 1380 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, iafter de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $236,726.33: New work --------------------------------------- $11, 144, 895. 06 Maintenance -------------------------------- ------ 2, 989, 320. 91 Net total expended------------------------------ 14, 134, 215. 97 Total operations to date of this report------------------- 15, 598, 960. 10 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1...... $48, 517.73 $36,113.12 $37, 778.13 $172.17 $14,456.42 Expended for maintenance 1..... 103, 708. 13 116, 970. 34 325, 321.04 181, 505. 25 303, 738. 72 Total expended 1.......... 152, 225. 86 153, 083. 46 363, 099.17 181,.677.42 318,195.14 Appropriated or allotted......... 214,274.00 74, 998.54 280, 000.00 691,500.00 887, 000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended_ --__---- __ _______ $826, 700. 70 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923__-- ----- __...-...._-_-- ____ 887, 000. 00 Receipts from sale of materials purchased in previous fiscal year ------------------------------------------- 3, 731. 19 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 ___ 65, 507. 38 1, 782, 939. 27 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 For new work- --- _--. ..-. - $14, 456. 42 For maintenance___,--------- __----- -__ 303, 738. 72 318, 195. 14 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended _____ 1, 464, 744. 13 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities----------- 42, 593. 31 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts ---------------------------------- 210, 577. 69 253, 171. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available , 211, 573. 13 1---------------------------- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---------------------------------- 3, 572, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work------------------------ 2609, 000. 00 For maintenance------------ ------------------------ 2439, 500. 00 Total ------------------------------------------ 1, 048, 500. 00 15. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCKS AND DAMS ON FOX RIVER, WIS. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Fox River, Wis. See pages 1338 to 1346, where general information regarding the improvement can be found. The completed locks and dams have been operated and maintained undeti the permanent indefinite appropriations since 1885. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted in dredging for restoration of project depths and for strengthening 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1381 canal banks at various places on lower Fox River at a cost of $10,706.25; rebuilding 600 linear feet of right canal bank above Little Kaukauna Lock, which washed out on June 10, 1922, inter- rupting navigation until October 21, 1922, at a cost of $80,484.57; in making necessary repairs to locks, dams, and lockhouses, including the raising of lock walls at Rapide Croche Lock and deepening the lower lock chamber at Little Chute Combined locks, at a cost of $46,678.13; and in the operation of locks and dams in accordance with the existing project at a cost of $22,610.62. Repairs were made to Government plant other than tugs and dredges at an ex- penditure of $1,877.15 from the allotment for operating and care, which ,amount is included in the above items. Expenditures for general supervision and contingencies were $7,500.55. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The expenditures during'the fiscal year were $167,980.12. Condition at end of fiscal year.-(See report on Fox River, Wis., p. 1344.) The total expenditures from the permanent indefinite appropriation are $2,327,467.86. Proposed operations.-The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-Forcommercial statistics see report upon improvement of Fox River, Wis. ST. JOSEPH HARBOR AND RIVER, SAUGATUCK HARBOR AND KALA- MAZOO RIVER, SOUTH HAVEN, HOLLAND, GRAND HAVEN, MUSKE- GON, WHITE LAKE, PENTWATER, LUDINGTON, MANISTEE, PORT- AGE LAKE, ARCADIA, FRANKFORT, CHARLEVOIX, AND PETOSKEY HARBORS, AND GRAND RIVER, MICH. (GROUP B.) 16. ST. JOSEPH HARBOR, MICH. (B1.) Location and description.-This harbor is located on the east shore of Lake Michigan, about 60 miles from Chicago. The harbor is formed by the junction of the St. Joseph and Paw Paw Rivers, and extends from Lake Michigan along the city front of St. Joseph to the Benton Harbor Canal, and thence along the canal to Benton Harbor. The river enters Lake Michigan through a channel protected by piers and revetments. The nearest harbors are Michigan City Harbor, 36 miles to the south, and South Haven Harbor, 24 miles to the north. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7, Lake Michigan. Original condition.-The St. Joseph River made a sharp bend to the southwest, entering Lake Michigan about 1,200 feet from its pres- ent outlet through a narrow and crooked channel with depths of from 3 to 7 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved July 4, 1836, and was modified by the river and harbor acts approved June 23, 1866, March 3, 1875, June 14, 1880, and July 13, 1892. The amount expended thereunder, prior to beginning work under the existing project in 1900, was $503,113,23 for maintenance and new work. For further details of previous proiects see page 1945 of Annual Report for 1915. Ewisting project.-This provides for protecting the mouth of the St. Joseph River by two timber crib and pile piers and revetments, 1382 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 250 to 325 feet apart at their inner and outer ends, respectively, hav- ing lengths of 2,854 feet on the north side and 2,603 feet on the south side; for an entrance channel 18 feet deep; for a channel 18 feet deep, 150 feet wide in the St. Joseph River, 3,500 feet along the city front; for a turning basin; and for a canal 15 feet deep, 100 feet wide, and 4,700 feet long, extending to Benton Harbor. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. These depths correspond to depths of 16.9 feet in the entrance channel and river and 13.9 feet in the canal on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one- half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctua- tions of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 11 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1897, is $380,000 exclu- sive of amounts expended under previous projects. The.latest (1899) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1875, provided for interior revet- ments (H. Ex. Doc. No. 160, 43d Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of June 14, 1880, provided for the Benton Harbor Canal (Annual Report for 1880, pp. 2030, 2031, and 2049 to 2055) ; and the act of March 3, 1899. provided for the present dimensions of the piers and the remaining features of the existing project (H. Dec. No. 307, 55th Cong., 2d sess,, and Annual Report for 1898, p. 2496). The latest published complete map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The two regular boat lines have terminals connected with the electric railway lines. There are several pri- vately owned wharves connected with steam railway lines, which are open to general use. Except for a few street ends there are no publicly owned wharves. While these facilities are generally ade- quate for existing traffic conditions, a public wharf open to all on equal terms should be acquired. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.). Effect of improvement.-The improvement has provided better facilities for shipping manufactured and agricultural products and for carrying passengers, especially in the summer-resort season. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of dredging for restoration of project depth in the river and entrance channel at an expenditure of $7,956.60; repairing, laying up and fitting out Government plant at an expenditure of $1,730.74; sound- ings and general supervision and contingencies to the extent of $696.93. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $10,384.27, for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is completed. Pier construction was completed in 1904 and dredging in 1907. Por- tions of the superstructures of the piers and portions of the revet- ments need rebuilding. At the close of the fiscal year the controlling RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT, 1883 depth below low-water was 18 feet over entrance bar and in the chan- nel to Benton Harbor Canal, and 12.9 feet in Benton Harbor Canal. The net expenditures under the existing project are $303,093.38 for new work, $216,829.38 for haintenance, a total of $519,922.76. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be dne with the funds now unexpended: Maintenance. Operation of U. S. sea-going dredge Meade, 24 days, at $500.... $12, 000. 00 Rebuilding inner end of south revetment, 500 linear feet, at $36_ 18, 000. 00 Minor repairs to harbor piers ----------------------------- 3, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies--------- ________--_2, 776. 21 Total------ ------------------------------------ 35, 776. 21 It is expected to do the dredging in July and August, 1923, and early in 1924, and to complete the rebuilding of south revetment in the spring of 1924. The available funds will be practically ex- hausted by June 30, 1924. On account of shoaling due to wave action and floods in the St. Joseph River annual dredging for maintenance is required. The timber superstructure of the inshore end of the south entrance pier is very badly decayed above the water surface; it should be cut down and rebuilt in permanent construction as soon as necessary funds become available. The amount that can be profitably ex- pended for work proposed to be done prior to June 30, 1925, in addition to the work to be done with the funds available, is as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. sea-going dredge Meade, 11 days, at $500-_.... $5, 500 Rebuilding inshore end of south pier, 725 linear feet, at $60.... 43, 500 Engineering and contingencies------------------ __ ------ 5, 000 Total -------------------------------------------- ------- 54,000 The average cost of maintenance for the past five years is about $18,500. The excess amount requested for maintenance is due to rebuilding south pier. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year is sand, fruit and vegetables, and unclassi- fied package freight. The usual limit of draft for vessels carrying sand, which comprises 50 per cent of the total tonnage, is 16 feet; that for fruit and vegetables (34 per cent) and that for package freight and the remaining traffic (16 per cent) is 15 feet. Comparative statemeit. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918............ 92, 410 $4,818,149 69, 780 1921.......... 78, 847 $7,596,800 270, 594 1919........... 98,945 11, 434, 416 103, 248 1922.......... 130,385 11,385,170 213, 839 1920........... 128,240 14,033,070 88,183 The increase of 65 per cent in tonnage compared to that of the preceding year is due to increased shipments of fruits and vegetables and sand. The increase in value is due to the increased tonnage. 1384 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $10,719. 08: New work---------- ------------------------------- $806, 206. 61 Maintenance_------- -- ------- 216, 829. 38 Net total expended _-_- --------- - - -__ _ 1, 023, 035. 99 Total appropriations to date of this report_---------------- 1, 058, 812. 20 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.......................... .... ..... ...... Expended for maintenance 1..... $35, 055. 91 $29, 584.76 $6,431.96 $7, 679.38 $10, 384. 27 Appropriated or allotted......... 19, 500.00............. 5,000.00 10,500.00 25,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-- --- _____________ - -___$17, 514. 88 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923 -------- 25, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 ________-__ 3, 645. 60 46, 160. 48 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- - -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nance 10, 384. 27 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_------ ------__ -------- __ 35, 776. 21 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ------------------- ______ - 167. 71 July 1, 1923, balance available --- __--- ----- __ _-----35, 608. 50 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance ----- - _______ ------- 2 54, 000. 00 17. ST. JOSEPH RIVER, MICH. (B2.) Location and description.-St. Joseph River rises near Hillsdale, Mich., flows southwestward into Indiana, thence, northwest, and empties into Lake Michigan at St. Joseph. The length is about 170 miles following the general course and not including small bends. It has a drainage area of 4,586 square miles. Its discharge in cubic feet per second varies from about 300 to 21,600, with an average of about 3,000. High water occurs in spring, with a rise of from 4 to 6 feet, and low water in summer. It is a crooked stream with rapid current and numerous shoal crossings 24 to 30 inches deep, with intervening pools from 4 to 8 feet deep. The average width below Berrien Springs is from 300 to 400 feet. The navigable part extends from the mouth to the dam at Berrien Springs, a distance of about 22 miles by river, with a drop at low water of 17 feet from Berrien Springs to Lake Michigan. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7.) Original condition.-In an early day steamboats made regular trips as far as South Bend, Ind., a distance of about 55 miles. Prior to 1849 there were locks at South Bend and at Mishawaka. In 1880 navigation was confined to the 22 miles below Berrien Springs, with 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1385 occasional trips as far as Niles, about 38 miles above the mouth. The available depths were less than 2 to 3 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 2 to 3 feet deep at low water and from 30 to 50 feet wide from the mouth to Berrien Springs, a distance of about 22 miles, by building wing dams, mak- ing cuts through the shoals, and removing snags. Fluctuations in water surface due to floods vary from about 4 to 6 feet above low water. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1880, is $11,300. There is no adopted estimate for annual maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved August 11, 1888 (Annual Report for 1880, pp. 2049-2055). There is no published map. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None, except as use is made of St. Joseph Harbor. Effect of improvement.-Prior to the building of electric railway lines on both sides of the river\ and prior to the purchase of the river steamboats by one of these lines in 1908 the improvement was of benefit, in a very limited way, for transportation of farm prod- ucts. At present, even if completed as originally planned, it would be of no benefit to commerce. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations were con- fined to general supervision and office contingencies. The expendi- tures were $400 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Some of the worst places had been improved in a temporary way from year to year, so that steam- boats with draft of 3 feet or less operated between St. Joseph and Berrien Springs up to 1908. Since 1908 little use of the river has been made and this use has been confined to the lower 7 miles. On the lower 2 or 3 miles sand and gravel are handled on scows with loaded drafts of 5 to 6 feet where natural depths are adequate for this traffic. From about 3 to 9 miles above the mouth the available depths at usual summer stage are about 3 feet and in the remaining portion up to Berrien Springs they are but 2 to 2.5 feet. The net expenditures under the existing project are $4,555.49 for new work, $5,194.51 for maintenance, a total of $9,750. Proposed operations.-No work has been done for many years and none is now proposed, as further improvement or maintenance under the existing project would be of no benefit to commerce. No funds are available and none for new work or maintenance is required. No further report will be submitted. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year is sand and gravel hauled down river on scows with a loaded draft of 5 to 6 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918........... 61,250 $14,500 6,500 1921.......... 54,500 824,000 12,571 1919......... 41,000 14,600 8,000 1922........... 100,000 46,000 4,000 1920........... 79,000 24,000... 1386 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The increase of 84 per cent in tonnage compared to that of the preceding year is due to the increase in the sand and gravel business on the lower 3 or 4 miles of the river. The increase in value is due to the increased tonnage. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $22.72: New work------------------- ------------------------ $4, 555. 49 Maintenance ----------------- ------------------------- 5, 194. 51 Net total expended ---------------- 9, 750. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------------9, 750. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work..... ...................................... ... ............ .... Expended for maintenance 1..... 875.33 $300.00 $300.00 ...... ........ $400. 0 Appropriated or allotted.............. ............................................. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------------------- -------- $400. 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance - 400. 00 18. SOUTH HAVEN HARBOR, MICH. (B3.) Location and description.-This harbor is located on the east shore of Lake Michigan, about 77 miles from Chicago, and consists of the lower part of Black River, which flows into the lake through a chan- nel protected by revetments and piers. The city of South Haven is situated on both banks of the river. The nearest harbors are St.. Joseph Harbor, 24 miles to the south, and Saugatuck Harbor, 22 miles to the north. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7, Lake Michigan.) Original condition.--In 1866 the river had a width of 85 feet and was protected at its mouth by piers extending into the lake, diverg- ing at an angle of 300 to widen the entrance; the banks of the river for 500 feet on each side had a rough protection of close piling. The depth between the piers was 7 feet, and on the bar, about 750 feet from the entrance, from 9 to 10 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 2, 1867, and was modified by the river and harbor acts approved June 14, 1880, August 2, 1882, and August 11, 1888. The amount expended thereon prior to beginning work under the existing project in 1911 was $318,472.25, of which $187,232.83 was for new work and $131,239.42 was for maintenance. For further details of previous projects, see page 1947 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for protecting the mouth of Black River by two piers and revetments, 200 to 170 feet apart, with lengths of 2,543 feet and 2,582 feet for the north and south sides, respectively; for an entrance channel 19 feet deep and 120 feet wide to the mouth of the river; thence a channel 17 feet deep and 90 feet RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRIQT. 1387 wide extending up the river to a turning basin, 300 feet wide, located immediately below the bridge. The length of channel between en- trance piers is 2,200 feet and in the riyer to the bridge 2,600 feet, a total length of 4,800 feet. The piers and revetments are formed of timber cribs and piling. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. These depths correspond to depths of 17.9 and 15.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one- half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctua- tions of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure of about 1 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1903, is $279,370, exclusive of the amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1905) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 11, 1888, provided for the channel from the inner end of the piers to the highway bridge, and the act of March 3, 1905, provided for the remaining features of the existing project (H. Doc. No. 119, 58th Cong., 2d sess.). This document con- tains the latest published map. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved March 3, 1905, required the establishment of dock lines and the building of bulkheads on these lines by the city or riparian owners and the donation of the property on the channel side of the dock lines to the United States. These requirements were complied with in 1910 at a cost of $35,000; 2,640 feet of revetment were built and the re- quired land deeded to the United States in 1910. Terminal facilities.-The regular boat line has a terminal with railroad connection. There are several privately owned wharves, in very poor condition, with railroad connection, which are open to general use. The city controls one street end, which is free to any boats which can use it. The facilities are ample for the existing small traffic. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The benefits to commerce are local, giving direct communication with Chicago for three or four months each year, for the transportation of fruit and general merchandise, and for the summer-resort business. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of dredging for restoration of project depth in entrance and river channels at an expenditure of $9,862.92; repairs to piers and revet- ments to the extent of $10,980.37; repairing, laying up and fitting out Government plant at an expenditure of $1,235.63; soundings and general supervision and miscellaneous expenses involving an expendi- ture of $1,400.73. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $23,479.65, for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is completed, with the exception of 400 feet extension to each pier; further exten- sion is not considered necessary at this time. The dredging was 1388 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. completed in 1912. About 800 feet of the timber superstructure of the south pier should be rebuilt above the water surface in the near future. The remainder of the piers and revetments can be main- tained for a few years by making minor repairs. The controlling depths below low water at the end of the fiscal year were about 17.1 feet on the entrance bar, 16.1 feet in the channel between the pierd, and 17 feet in the river. The net expenditures under the existing project are $162,018.74 for new work, $150,435.35 for maintenance, a total of $312,454.09. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the funds now available: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. seagoing dredge Meade, 34 days, at $500.... $17, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies ------- _- _--- ----- _ .. 1, 673. 66 Total -------------------------------- 18, 673. 66 It is expected to do the dredging in August, 1923, and early in 1924. The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1924. On account of shoaling due to wave action and floods in the Black River, annual dredging for maintenance is required. A portion of the timber superstructure of the south pier is so badly decayed that it is liable at any time to be carried away; it should be cut down and rebuilt in permanent construction as soon as necessary funds become available. The amount that can be profitably ex- pended for work proposed to be done prior to June 30, 1925, in addi- tion of the work to be done with the funds available, is as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. seagoing dredge Meade, 16 days, at $500 -- __. $8, 000 Rebuilding superstructure on south pier, 800 linear feet, at $75 .- 60, 000 Minor repairs to harbor piers------------_---- ...-...... . 3,000 Engineering and contingencies ------------------------------ 7, 500 Total--- ------------------------------------------- 78, 500 The average cost of maintenance for the past five years is about $12,500. The excess amount requested for maintenance is due to re- building superstructure on south pier. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the calendar year is fruit, crushed stone, pianos, and un- classified package freight. The limit of draft for vessels carrying crushed stone, which comprises 30 per cent of the total tonnage, is 15 feet; that for fruit (43 per cent), pianos (3 per cent), and un- classified package freight (20 per cent) is 131 feet. Comparative statement. The increase of about 12 per cent in tonnage compared to that of the preceding year is principally due to increased receipts and ship- ments of unclassified package freight. The increase in value is due RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE WIS., DISTRICT. 1889 to increased receipts and shipments of commodities of high unit value. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $8,146.10: New work-----------------------------------------$349,251. 57 Maintenance -------------------------------------- 281, 674. 77 Net total expended-------------------------------- 630, 926. 34 Total appropriations to date of this report 600. 00 6--------------------49, Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work .... .. Expended for maintenance 1..... .. .... $8, 239.34 .. 2, 110.82 ..... $9, 868.34 ..... $10, 419.99 .... $23, 479.63 Appropriated or allotted......... 7, 000. 00 10, 000.00 11, 500. 00 33, 500.00 4,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------------------------- $37, 155. 66 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923 --- ----------------------------------- 4,000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923------------- 997.65 42, 153, 31 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year for mainte- nance 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - 23, 479. 65 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-----------------------------18, 673. 66 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities--------------------- 196. 85 July 1, 1923, balance available--__---------------------------- 18, 476. 81 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---------------------------------- 115, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance-------------------------------- 78, 500. 00 19. SAUGATUCK HARBOR AND KALAMAZOO RIVER, MICH. (B4.) Location and description.-This harbor is located on the east shore of Lake*Michigan, about 90 miles from Chicago. The nearest har- bors are South Haven Harbor, 19 miles to the south, and Holland Harbor, 7 miles to the north. The harbor is at the mouth of the Kalamazoo River, and consists of a dredged channel extending up- stream about 2 miles to Kalamazoo Lake, an enlargement of the river less than a mile long; the portion of the channel in Lake Michigan is protected by parallel piers. Kalamazoo River has a drainage area ,of about 2,064 squaremiles, a short period of high water, and mod- erate current in the 8-mile navigable portion between Saugatuck and New Richmond, which has a width of from 100 to 150 feet between banks, and a navigable depth of about 3 feet. At Trowbridge Dam, 6 miles above Allegan, drainage area 1,471 square miles, the dis- charge in second-feet at low and high water varied from about 100 to 10,260, respectively, for the years 1901-1907. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7, Lake Michigan.) SNot deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1390 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Originalcondition.-The river originally flowed into Lake Michi- gan about 4,000 feet south of the present mouth. Prior to 1867 the mouth of the river had been improved by local enterprise with slab piers, 200 feet apart, extending into Lake Michigan, the north pier being 500 feet long and the south pier 1,575 feet long. The channel depth varied from 5 to 7 feet. At this time the river was navigable for small steamers, and there was a daily line of boats from the mouth to Allegan, a distance of about 50 miles. Previous projects.-This original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved July 25, 1868, and was modified by the river and harbor act of July 11, 1870. The amount expended thereon prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1904 was $207,785.92, of which $90,231.99 was for new work and $117,553.93 for maintenance. For further details of previous proj- ects, see' page 1947 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an entrance channel between parallel piers, 200 feet apart, having lengths of 2,778 feet and 2,514 feet for the north and south piers, respectively, and for a channel 16 feet deep extending from that depth in Lake Michigan to the mouth of the river, thence 14 feet deep, 90 feet wide in the Kalamazoo River up to Saugatuck, a distance of 9,700 feet; this channel to be main- tained until November, 1916. The piers are formed of timber cribs and piling. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. These depths correspond to depths of 14.9 and 12.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 1 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1910, is $286,000, ex- clusive of amount expended on previous projects. The latest (1910) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for the entrance channel (H. Doc. No. 192, 54th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for deepening the entrance to 16 feet; and the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the depth of 14 feet in the river (H. Doc. No. 635, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 608, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-Legislation authorizing the abandonment of the project has been recommended in House Document No. 292, Sixty-fifth Congress, first session. Local coo peration.-There were no conditions imposed by law as to cooperation. The land between Lake Michigan and the river required for the entrance channel for the new harbor'was deeded to the United States free of charge, on February 15, 1904, by the owners, Mrs. Marguerite Cook and David C. Cook. Terminal facilities.-At the village of Saugatuck there are several landing places for small steamboats, and one for translake boats. At the village of Douglas there is a steamboat pier. None of these landing places is connected with the electric railway. The terminal facilities are available for general use and are adequate for the RIVERS AND HARBORS---MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1891 existing traffic. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The benefits to commerce are entirely local, mainly through the shipment of fruit and vegetables, the receipt of sand and gravel, and the summer-resort business. A line of passenger boats to Chicago began operating early in the fiscal year. Operations and results dehing fiscal year.-Operations consisted in completing dredging in July, 1922, on bar at entrance and in the channel from Lake Michigan up the Kalamazoo River to the village of Saugatuck to provide a navigable channel for regular line steam- boats at an expenditure of $12,685.48, of which $6,550.36 was con- tributed by local and other interests. Dredging for restoration of project depth on entrance bar and between the piers was done in June, 1923, at an expenditure during the fiscal year of $425.42. Ex- penditures for soundings, general supervision, and incidental ex- penses amounted to $2,104.52. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $15,215.42 for maintenance, $8,665.06 being from United States funds and $6,550.36 from contributed funds. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is completed. Pier construction and dredging between the piers was completed in 1908; dredging in the river was completed in 1911. The condition of the piers and revetments is fair, except that the superstructure on the outer 100 feet of each pier should be rebuilt if the piers are to be maintained. The controlling depth below low water at close of fiscal year was about 15 feet on the entrance bar and 14 feet in a nar- row channel between the piers and in the river to the village of Saugatuck. The net amount expended under existing project is $274,294.80 for new work, $89,024.14 for maintenance, a total of $363,318.94. In addition $9,000 has been expended from contributed funds for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the funds now unexpended: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. seagoing dredge Meade, 10 days, at $500------ $5, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies- ------------------ 834. 14 Total---------------------------------- ------ 5, 834. 14 A portion of the dredging has already been done, but not paid for at the close of the fiscal year. The remainder of the dredging will be done early in 1924. The available funds will be entirely exhausted by May 31, 1924. On account of shoaling, due to wave action and floods in the Kala- mazoo River, maintenance of project depth in channel is necessary. The amount that can be profitably expended for work proposed to be done prior to June 30, 1925, in addition to the work to be done with the funds available, is as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. sea-going dredge Meade, 24 days, at $500 ---- $12,000 Engineering and contingencies--.....--1------------------------, 000 Total ------ -------------- 13, 000 61637--ENG 1923----88 1392 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The average cost of maintenance for the past five years is about $5,000. The excess amount requested for maintenance is due to dredging if harbor is to be maintained. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year is sand and gravel, fruit and vegetables, un- classified package freight, automobiles, and coal. The limit of draft for vessels carrying sand and gravel, comprising 53 per cent of the total tonnage, is 6 feet; that for the remainder of the traffic (47 per cent) is 12. feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918........... 6,371 $158,397 1,733 1921.......... 4,513 $123,000 .......... 1919.......... 3 200 336 727 1,296 1922.......... 16,205 1,062,900 18,481 1920........... 4,312 379,660... The large increase in tonnage (258 per cent), compared to that of the preceding year, is due to receipts of sand and gravel, increased shipments of fruit and vegetables, and receipts and shipments of unclassified package freight via recently established Graham & Morton line of steamers to Chicago and Holland, Mich. Boats were operated direct to Chicago June 25 to September 15, 1922. The in- crease in value is due to increased tonnage. Financial summary. UNITED STATES FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $400: New work----------------------------------------- $364, 526. 79 Maintenance-------- -------------------- ------------ 206, 578. 07 Net total expended ------------------------------------- 571, 104. 86 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 576, 939. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............................ ........... ... Expended for maintenance 1.... ......... 500. 00 $974.89 $3, 525.91 $8, 665.06 Appropriated or allotted......... ..................................... 9,000.00 6,500.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1,1922, balance unexpended--------------------------- $7, 999.20 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922------------6-------------------------------, 500. 00 14, 499. 20 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance- 8, 665. 06 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------- -------- 5, 834. 14 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ----- --------------------- 3, 408. 88 July 1, 1923, balance available-------------------------- ------ 2, 425. 26 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance-- -- 000. 00 1-----------------3, 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1393 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work Maintenance--------------- ------------------------ $9, 000. 00 Total contributions to date of this report---------------- -------- 9, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 19919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work...................... ..... Expended for maintenance................................................ 82, 449.64 $3, 550.36 Contributed............................. .... .............. ........... ... 9,000.00 ........... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------ ------ -- $6, 550. 36 _------ June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance - 6, 550. 36 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR SAUGATUCK HARBOR AND KALAMAZOO RIVER. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $400: New work-- - ------------------------------- $364, 526. 79 Maintenance-------------------------------------- 215, 578. 07 Net total expended ---------------------------------- 580, 104. 86 Total appropriations and contributions to date of this report------ 585, 939. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............................... ................. . Expended for maintenance 1... ............. $500.00 $974. 89 $5, 975. 55 $15, 215.42 Appropriated, allotted, or con- tributed ..................................................... 18,000.00 6,500.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---------------------------- $14, 549. 56 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922------- ----- ----------- 11--------1 1 6, 500. 00 21, 049. 56 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_- 15, 215. 42 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ----------------------------- 5, 834. 14 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------ ---------------------- 3, 408. 88 July 1, 1923, balance available ------------------------------- 2, 425. 26 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance ------------------------------ 113, 000. 00 20. HOLLAND HARBOR, MICH. (B5.) Location and description.-This harbor is located on the east shore of Lake Michigan about 94 miles from Chicago, and consists of Black Lake, about 5 miles long with a general width of from 1,000 to 3,000 feet, and depths of 18 feet or more, and a channel about one- half mile long between piers and revetments, extending into Lake Michigan. The nearest harbors are Saugatuck Harbor, 7 miles to I Exclusive of available funds. 1394 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. the south, and Grand Haven Harbor, 20 miles to the north. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7, Lake Michigan.) Original condition.-Priorto about 1860 the natural outlet into Lake Michigan was through a narrow and shallow channel at the northwest corner of the lake. When improvement was begun by the United States in 1867 there existed a narrow artificial channel 5 feet deep between piers of iregular cribwork built by local in- terests. Navigation extends about 5 miles to the head of Black Lake. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved August 30, 1852, and was modified by the river and harbor acts approved June 23, 1866; March 3, 1873; March 3, 1879; July 5, 1884; and July 13, 1892. The amount expended thereunder prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1899 was $304,217.30, $176,619.80 for new work and $127,- 597.50 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects, see page 1948 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for deepening the channel from Black Lake to Lake Michigan by dredging to 16 feet; repairing piers and revetments; widening the harbor entrance with converging piers 300 feet apart at the outer end, 740 feet apart at the inner end, and connected at inner ends with existing piers, haying lengths of 2,845 feet and 2,713 feet for the north and south piers, respectively. The total length of channel is about 2,500 feet. The piers and revetments are built of timber cribs and piling. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michi- gan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depth of 14.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 1. feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The latest (1907) approved estimate of cost of new work is $273,052, exclusive of amount expended on previous project. There is no adopted estimate for annual maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act.of August 30, 1852, provided for an artificial channel between Black Lake and Lake Michigan; the act of March 2, 1867, provided for piers and revetments to protect the channel (Annual Report for 1866, pp. 106 to 109); the act of March 3, 1899, provided for the existing project (H. Doc. No. 272, 54th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 3, 1905, provided for the converging piers (Annual Report for 1905, p. 2176). The latest published map is in House Document No. 817, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project. None. Local cooperation.-None. Te;minal facilities.--The regular boat line has two terminals on the south side of Black Lake, one at the city of Holland, the other near the west end of the lake, each connected with the electric rail- way. There is a private wharf at Holland which is open to general use. The wharves at Holland are connected with the steam railway. There are no public or municipal wharves. The terminals are ade- quate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see I. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1395 Effect of improvement.-The principal benefit to commerce is in- creased facilities for shipping general merchandise and construction materials and for summer-resort passenger business. The regular boat line to Chicago, in connection with the electric railway, gives direct and prompt service to Grand Rapids and other interior points. Operationsandresults during fiscal year.-Operationsconsisted of dredging for restoration of project depth at an expenditure of $10,944.81; repairing, laying up, and fitting out Government plant to the extent of $3,969.47; soundings and general supervision and contingencies amounted to $965.54. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $15,879.82, for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is completed. The dredging was completed in 1909 and the pier construction in 1910. While the timber superstructure of both converging piers is in bad condition, temporary repairs will be made which will obviate complete rebuilding for several years. A portion of the north revet- ment has been wrecked by storms and immediate repairs are neces- sary. The remainder of the piers and revetments is in fair condition. At the close of the fiscal year the controlling depth at low water was about 16 feet. The net expenditures under the existing project are $315,007.99 for new work, $197,158.85 for maintenance, a total of $512,166.84. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the funds now unexpended: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. seagoing dredge Meade, 10 days, $500_------- $5, 000. 00 Repairing superstructure on harbor piers, 1,370 linear feet, at $15 ----------------------------------------------- 20, 550.00 Building rubble-mound revetment, 3,000 tons stone, at $4------ 12, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies-------- ------------------- 4, 931. 98 Total----- ------------------------------------- 42, 481. 98 It is expected to complete repairs to pier superstructures in 1923, to do the dredging early in 1924, and to build revetment to the extent of available funds April-June, 1924. The available funds will be ,practically exhausted by June 30, 1924. On account of shoaling, due to the passage of sand through the open pile work connecting the converging breakwaters with the parallel entrance piers, carried by receding waves during storms, annual dredging for maintenance of channel is necessary. It is necessary that the rubble mound revetment replacing the wrecked revetment on north side of channel connecting Lake Michigan and Black Lake be completed as soon as necessary funds are available. The amount that can be profitably expended for work proposed to be done prior to June 30, 1925, in addition to the work to be done with the funds available is as follows: Maintenance: Operation of TJ. S. seagoing dredge Meade, 9 days, at $500------- Completing rubble mound revetment, 2,000 tons stone, at $4------.8, $4, 500 000 Minor repairs to piers and revetments__------------------------1, 500 Engineering and contingencies----------- --- - 11,--------- 500 Total_ _------------------------------15, 500 1396 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U, .S. ARMY, 1923. The average cost of maintenance for the past five years is about $8,700. The excess amount requested for maintenance is due to con- struction of rubble mound revetment. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year is crushed stone, lettuce and celery, sand, fruit and vegetables, automobiles, and unclassified package freight. The usual limit of draft for vessels carrying crushed stone and sand, which comprise 17 per cent of the total traffic, is 15 feet, and that for the remaining 83 per cent is also 15 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918.......... 21,154 $3,155,745 36, 233 1921.......... 20 946 $3, 928,000 52, 368 1919........... 46, 091 8,782, 700 47 769 1922......... 54,551 13,686,200 47,205 1920........... 28, 025 9978 300 35, 418 The increase of 160 per cent in tonnage compared to that of the preceding year is principally due to increased receipts and shipments of automobiles and "unclassified package freight and to increased shipments of furniture. The increase in valuation is due to increased tonnage and also to a larger proportion of commodities having a high unit value. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $10,623.11: New work -------------- --------------------------- $491, 627. 79 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 324, 756. 35 Net total expended------ ------ --- -------------- 816, 384. 14 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------858, 866. 12 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work....... ................................................... Expended for maintenance $5.... 5, 956.13 $2, 72. 26 $9,482.75 $10, 512.51 $15, 879. 82 Appropriated or allotted....................... 7,500.00 9,500.00 47,500.00 5,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended_ ------------------------ $50, 905. 40 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923--------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 --------------- 2, 456. 40 58, 361. 80 June 30,1 -1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- - - ----- - - -- -- -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nance 15,879.82 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended --------------------------- 42, 481. 98 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------------------------- 1, 112. 13 July 1, 1923, balance available___---------------------------- 41, 369. 85 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance-- -------------------------- 15, 500. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive .of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1397 21. GRAND HAVEN HARBOR, MICH. (B6.) Location and description.-Thisharbor is located on the east shore of Lake Michigan at the mouth of Grand River. It consists of an entrance channel protected by approximately parallel piers and revet- ments and a channel in Grand River extending from Lake Michigan about 11 miles up the river to the steamboat terminal at Grand Haven. It is about 107 miles from Chicago and 84 miles from Mil- waukee. The nearest harbors are Holland Harbor, 20 miles to the south, and Muskegon Harbor, 12 miles to the north. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7, Lake Michigan.) Original condition.-The natural depth at the mouth of the river varied from 9 to 12 feet, with greater depths up the harbor to the town of Grand Haven. The width of this channel was variable and uncertain. The south bank was protected by a pile revetment and pile pier extending into Lake Michigan, having a total length of 3,185 feet, built in 1857 by the Detroit & Milwaukee Railroad Co. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel at the mouth of Grand River, with a depth of 18 feet and a width of 250 feet from Lake Michigan to the Grand Trunk car-ferry slip, protected by piers and revetments, 415 feet apart at the entrance, diminishing to 390 feet inside. The latest (1892) approved estimate of cost of new work is $804,- 366.15. There is no adopted estimate of cost of maintenance. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michi- gan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York, This depth corresponds to the depth of 16.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 1 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 23, 1866, and amended by river and harbor acts of June 14, 1880; Sep- tember 19, 1890; and July 13, 1892, which amendments consisted principally of changes in cost and additions to length of piers and revetments. The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1890, page 2650. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The regular boat lines have terminals with rail connections, a car-ferry slip providing for translake car service. Fish tugs and other small vessels have landing places along the river. The public has a limited use of the water front at the ends of several streets. The terminal facilities are adequate for the existing com- merce except that there should be a public wharf for transfer be- tween rail and water. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement is of benefit to inter- state commerce, due to the operation between Grand Haven and Milwaukee of a line of car ferries by the Grand Trunk Railway. The through-rail and car-ferry service is an advantage to commerce, furnishing quicker transportation, although the carload rates are the 1398 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. same as by the longer routes around Lake Michigan. The regular boat line to Chicago, in connection with the electric railway, gives direct and prompt service to Grand Rapids and other interior points. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of dredging for restgration of project depth at an expenditure of $8,903.56; building concrete superytructure on both harbor piers at an expenditure of $47,514.64; repairing, laying up, and fitting out Government plant at a cost of $5,514.28; purchase of coal for stock involved an expenditure of $3,049.52; and soundings, general super- vision, and contingencies amounted to $4,091.88. An expenditure of $843.40 was made for new steel barges now under contract. All work, except construction of barges, was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $69,917.28, for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is completed, with the exception of 150-foot extension to north pier and 100 feet to south pier, which are not considered necessary at present. The project depth was obtained in 1906. The harbor piers are in good condition. The superstructures of the revetments along river channel are decayed, and rebuilding will be required in tl future. The controlling depth at low-water datum at the end of the fiscal year was 18 feet. The net expenditures under the existing project are $542,976.82 for new work, $893,277.87 for maintenance, a total of $1,436,254.69. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended: Maintenance: Construction of steel barges now under contract, including machinery and outfit to be furnished by the United States__ $25, 000. 00 Operation of U. S. seagoing dredge Meade, 32 days, at $500___ 16, 000. 00 Stone filling for inshore revetments, 5,000 tons, at $4-_-_ __- 20,000. 00 Building, 1,000-ton steel barge------------------------ 25, 000. 00 Minor repairs to revetments--- ---- _-___--.- - __-_ 2, 500. 00 Engineering and contingencies------------------------____ 6, 685. 96 Total-------- -------- ------------------ 95, 185. 96 It is expected to do the dredging late in 1923 and early in 1924, and to build the steel barge by contract during the winter of 1923-24. The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1924. On account of shoaling due to wave action and floods in the Grand River, annual dredging for maintenance of channel is neces- sary. The amount that can be profitably expended for work pro- posed to be done prior to June 30, 1925, in addition to the work to be done with the funds available, is as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. seagoing dredge Meade, 17 days, at $500 ------ $8, 500 Engineering and contingencies ------------------------- 1, 500 Total-- ------------------- -------------------- 10, 000 Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year is coal, grain, flour and feed, automobiles and parts, and unclassified commodities. The usual limit of draft for the car-ferry traffic, corprising 91 per cent of the total tonnage, is 17 feet. For other than car-ferry traffic, the limit of draft is 15j feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1899 Comparative statement. General vessel traffic. Car-ferry traffic. Calendar year. Passengers. Short tons. Value. Short tons.t Value. 1918..................... ........ 29,774 $2,733,514 513,760 $42,69 873 28,845 1919..................... 49,678 .............. 9,252,286 665,900 43614172 40,229 1920................... ......... ... . 58, 40 9,09,920 690,836 66,982000 33720 1921 ............................. 33, 557 2,312,500 598, 814 46,123,000 25,002 1922............................ 61,729 7,374,660 626,450 93, 899,200 31,152 1 Exclusive of dead weight of cars. The increase of about 9 per cent in tonnage compared to that of the preceding year is due to increased receipts and shipments of automobiles and parts by car ferry and increased receipts and ship- ments of unclassified commodities by general vessels. The increase in valuation is due to increased tonnage of automobiles and other commodities having a high unit value. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $21,061.86: New work ---------------------------------------- $542, 976. 82 Maintenance -------------------------------------- -- 893, 277. 87 Net total expended------------------------------- 1,436,254. 69 Total appropriations to date of this report-- .... ------- 1, 531, 440. 65 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.................... ......................... ........... Expended for maintenance 1..... $57, 776.52 $69,260. 48 $33, 673.48 $82, 593. 29 $69, 917.28 Appropriated or allotted......... 82,774.50 40,000.00 52,000.00 174,000.00 .......... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-------.---------------- -$159, 231. 42 Receipts from sale of materials purchased in previous fiscal years 3, 004. 24 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923---------- 2, 867. 58 165, 103. 24 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance ----------------------------------------------- 69, 917. 28 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------------------- __ 95, 185. 96 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities.-------------- $1,172.24 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 24, 156. 60 25, 328. 84 July 1, 1923, balance available__----_-- 857.12 6---------------- -69, Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project--------------------------------------- '40,000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance------------------------------- 10, 000. 00 ec xlsv faalbefns 'Ntddcigrct rmsls 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1400 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 22. GRAND RIVER, MICH. (B7.) Location and description.-Grand River rises in Jackson County, flows northward to Lansing, thence northwestward, and finally west- ward into Lake Michigan at Grand Haven, with a total length of about 300 miles. It has a drainage area of 5,572 square miles and a total fall of about 350 feet. The section included in the project, about 39 miles from Grand Rapids to Grand Haven, has a sluggish current, with a fall at low water of about 6 feet to Lake Michigan, of which 3 feet is in the upper 6 miles; the average width in the upper 23 miles is about 400 feet and in the lower 16 miles about 600 feet. The discharge at low and high water varies from about 730 to 56,000 second-feet, respectively. High water occurs in the spring months and low water in the summer and fall months. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 0, General Chart, and U. S. Geological Survey, Grand Rapids quadrangle.) Original condition.-The natural width of the improved portion from Grand Rapids to the mouth varies from 300 to 1,000 feet; the depth over bar crossings was 1 feet at extreme low water. At an early day a regular line of steamboats operated between Lyons (about 36 miles in a direct line east of Grand Rapids) and Grand Haven, making a portage at Grand Rapids, where there was a drop in the river, forming rapids. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1881. A new project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved June 3, 1896, and was modified by the river and harbor act approved June 13, 1902. The total amount expended prior to the commencement of work under the ex- isting project in 1897 was $324,756.60, of which $311,329.15 was for new work and $13,427.45 for maintenance. For further details of previous project see page 1949 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 6 feet deep at low water of 1889, 100 feet wide and about 39 miles long, from Fulton Street. in Grand Rapids, to Grand Haven, Mich. High water at Grand Rapids, due to floods, has a height of 12 to 18 feet above low water, with extreme height of about 26 feet. These heights decrease downstream, becoming slight at Grand Haven. Extreme low water may be 2 feet below low water of 1889. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1905, is $430,000, exclusive of amount expended on previous project. The latest (1905) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for a channel 100 feet wide from Grand Rapids to Grand Haven (H. Doc. No. 197, 52d Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of June 13. 1902, extended the improvement one-half mile upstream to Fulton Street, in Grand Rapids (Annual Report for 1903, p. 510); and the act of March 3,.1905, provided for a depth of 6 feet (H. Doc. No. 216, 58th Cong., d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 667, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-The abandonment of that part of the improvement above the town of Lamont and a continu- ance of maintenance dredging between Lamont and Grand Haven Harbor to a depth of 6 feet at low water, at an estimated cost of RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1401 $4,000 annually, is recommended. (H. Doc. No. 667, 64th Cong. ,1st sess.) Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None except at the village of Spring Lake where there is a landing place for light-draft boats. The city of Grand Rapids has no terminal or landing place and makes no com- mercial use of the river. (For a full description of terminal facili- ties see H. Doc., No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The principal benefit to commerce is the transportation of sand and gravel on the lower 16 miles of the river to Grand Haven or other near-by Lake Michigan harbors. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of dredging for restoration of project depth at an expenditure of $3,888.52; repairs to Government plant to the extent of $2,505.41; and general supervision and contingencies amounting to $506.93. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $6,900.86, for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is completed, except for 5,400 linear feet of channel within the city limits of Grand Rapids, which has been dredged to project depth, but with width of only 40 to 90 feet. Present operations are confined to maintenance of the lower 18 miles, no commercial use being made at present of the upper 21 miles. At the close of the fiscal year the con- trolling depth in the lower 18 miles was about 6 feet at low water. The controlling depth in upper 21 miles is about 2 to 3 feet. The net expenditures under existing project are $123,871.93 for new work, $78,431.83 for maintenance, a total of $202,303.76. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended: Maintenance : Operation of U. S. bucket dredge Saginaw with attendant tug and scows, 55 days, at $80 ---------------------------- $4, 400. 00 Engineering and contingencies --- -------------------------- 539. 64 Total --------------------------------------------- 4, 939. 64 It is expected the dredging will be done in the spring of 1924. The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1924. No appropriation is requested for completion of project, as the abandonment of the improvement above the town of Lamont (up- per 21 miles) has been recommended. On account of shoaling due to floods in the Grand River, annual dredging is necessary to main- tain the project depth in the lower 18 miles of the river, being the portion used for commercial purposes. The amount that can be profitably expended for work proposed to be done prior to June 30, 1925, in addition to the work to be done with the funds available, is as follows: Maintenance : Operation of U. S. bucket dredge Saginaw with attendant tug and scows, 57 days, at $80 ------------------------------- $4, 560 __----- Engineering and contingencies-- ----------------- 440 Total ------------- ----------------------------------- 5, 000 Commercialstatistics.-The character of the commerce for the last calendar year is practically all sand and gravel, less than 1 per cent 1402 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. being floated saw logs. The limit of draft for the tugs and scows in the sand and gravel business is 6 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918........... 44,160 $28,150 ........... 1921.......... 65,560 $51,700 ............ 1919........... .38,985 32,584 ........... 1922........... 121,793 112,130.. 1920........... 56250 65,000.. The increase in tonnage (86 per cent), compared to that of the preceding year, is due to increased down-bound movement of sand and gravel. The increase in value is due to the increased tonnage and higher unit value of sand and gravel. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $28,693.89: New work------------ ------------ ----------------- $435, 201. 08 Maintenance _-_ ----- ------------------------ ----- 91, 859. 28 Net total expended---------------------------------- 527, 060. 36 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 532, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............. ................................................ Expended for maintenance 1..... 2,899.75 $1,702.21 $9, 062.35 $8,111.03 $6,900.86 Appropriated or allotted....... ........................ 4,500.00 4,500.00 .... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ---------------------------- $5, 852. 40 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923-------------- 5, 988. 10 11, 840. 50 June 30,1- 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6, 900. 86 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-----------------------------4, 939. 64 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities----------------------------- 393. 50 July 1, 1923, balance available ----------------------------- 4, 546. 14 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 000. 00 1--------------------------- Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance----- --------------- ---------- '5, 000. 00 23. MUSKEGON HARBOR, MICH. (B8.) L cation and description.-Thisharbor is on the east shore of Lake Michigan, about 113 miles from Chicago and 80 miles from Mil- waukee. The nearest harbors are Grand Haven Harbor, 12 miles to the south, and White Lake Harbor, 11.5 miles to the north. It is located at the mouth of the Muskegon River, and consists of a dredged channel between parallel piers and revetments, extending 1 Not deducting receipts from saleso, etc. 2 xclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1403 from Lake Michigan to Muskegon Lake, a body of water of navigable depth and about 5 miles long, on which the city of Muskegon is situated. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7, Lake Michigan.) Original condition.-The channel between the lakes had a length of 3,000 feet and depth of 12 feet, with a depth of 11 feet in a fluctu- ating channel at the entrance; the sides were protected at the, en- trance by slab piers extending into Lake Michigan, built by local interests, 1,450 feet long on the north side and 2,070 feet long on the south side, with entrance width of 175 feet, widening to 240 feet inside. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 2, 1867, and was modified by the river and harbor acts of June 10, 1872, June 23, 1874, August 2, 1882, September 19, 1890, August 18, 1894, and March 3, 1899. The amount expended prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1903 was $526,293.36, of which $388,218.42 was for new work and $138,074.94 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects, see page 1950 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel protected by par- allel piers and revetments, and extending from Lake Michigan to Muskegon Lake, with a depth of 20 feet, a uniform width of 300 feet, and a length of 5,600 feet; for removing 1,040 feet of old pier and revetment; for extending the north pier 350 feet and the south pier 200 feet; for building 500 feet sheet-pile pier and 6,115 feet of sheet- pile revetment; and for dredging 750,000 cubic yards. T he project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michi- gan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depth of 18.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuatiois of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 1 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. .The estimated cost of new work, revised in 1894, is $380,000, ex- clusive of amounts expended on previous project. There is no ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1867, provided for entrance piers (Annual Reports for 1866, p. 146, and 1867, p. 110) ; the acts of June 10, 1872, and June 23, 1874, provided for construction of piers and revetments (Annual Reports for 1873, pp. 38 and 271, and 1874, p. 183); the act of August 2, 1882, provided for pier extension in Lake Michigan, with entrance width of 300 feet (Annual Reports for 1881, p. 2217, and 1884, p. 1984); the act of August 18, 1894, provided for further pier extension and revetments; the act of June 13, 1902, pro- vided for the existing project (H. Doc. No. 104, 56th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 352, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of December 4, 1922, the Chief of Engineers recommended the construction of arrowhead breakwaters, the removal of the outer ends of existing piers, and dredging a channel 500 feet wide at the entrance and 300 feet wide between the piers, with depths varying from 24 feet to 21 feet, at a total estimated cost of $1,144,000 for new work and 1404 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. $25,000- annually for maintenance (see H. Doc. No. 494, 67th Cong., 4th sess.). Local cooperation.-The act of June 13, 1902, provided " that the land to be removed in order to secure the increased width of channel and to build the revetments will be ceded without cost to the United Stat s; also that an area equal to that at present occupied by the United States Life Saving Service will be restored to the United States for the same occupation and purpose." The land required for widening the harbor was donated to the United States by deed of June 14, 1905. Terminal facilities.-The terminals are at the city of Muskegon, at the inner end of Muskegon Lake. The regular boat lines have piers with warehouses, and individual industries have th ir own piers. There are several piers, in poor condition, provided with railroad connections and warehouses, which are open to general use. The city has a fLw landing places available for small craft, such as motor boats. The facilities are adequate for the existing traffic. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The principal benefit to commerce is in- creased facilities for shipping manufactured articles, general mer- chandise, and road materials, and especially high-grade m rchandise and perishable articles between Muskegon and Chicago and Mil- waukee. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operationsconsisted of dredging for restoration of project depth at an expenditure of $7,653.86; rebuilding and reinforcing south revetment at an expendi- ture of $22,433.70; repairing, laying up, and fitting out Government plant to the extent of $5,785.45; and soundings, general supervision, and contingencies amounted to $1,990.30. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $37,863.31 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project has been completed, with the exception of 350 feet extension to north pier and 200 feet to south pier. Further extension of the piers is not considered neces- sary at this time. The project depth of 20 feet below low water was obtained in 1911. While the timber superstructures of the piers are badly decayed, temporary repairs, made and proposed, will obviate the necessity of rebuilding for several years. The controlling depth below low water at the close of the fiscal year was 20 feet throughout the channel. The net expenditures under the existing project are $225,189.54 for new work, $263,316.69 for maintenance, a total of $488,506.23. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended: Maintenance : Construction of steel barges now under contract, including ma- chinery and outfit to be furnished by the United States- ... $10, 000. 00 Operation of U. S. seagoing dredge Meade, 22 days, at $500-_... 11, 000. 00 Repairing superstructure on harbor piers, 815 linear feet, at $17.50--------------------------------------------14, 262. 50 Stone for revetment, 1,300 tons, at $4 -- ___ ______--------5, 200. 00 Minor repairs to piers-.... 5, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies--------------- .. 3, 621. 63 Total --------------------- .- 49, 084. 18 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1405 It is expected to do the dredging in November and December, 1923, to repair superstructure of piers July to September, 1923, to deposit stone for revetment 'during 1923, and to make the minor repairs during the fiscal year. The available funds will be practi- cally exhausted by December 31, 1923. On account of shoaling, due to wave action, and to formation of bars at entrance, dredging both spring and fall is usually necessary to maintain project depth in channel. There is navigation at this harbor throughout the entire year. The amount that can be profit- ably expended for work proposed to be done prior to June 30, 1925, in addition to the work to be done with the funds available, is as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. seagoing dredge Meade, 44 days, at $500 ------- $22, 000 Minor repairs to piers and revetments ------------------------ 1, 000 Engineering and contingencies------------------------------ 2, 000 Total ----------- ----------------------------------- 25, 000 Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year is gasoline and kerosene, pulp wood, sand and gravel, crushed stone, billiard and bowling sundries, and unclassified package freight. The usual limit of draft for vessel carrying gaso- line and refined oil, which comprises 44 per cent of the total tonnage, is 19 feet; that for pulp wood (24 per cent) is 161 feet; that for crushed stone (3 per cent) is 15 feet; and that for the remaining traffic (29 per cent) is about 16 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918........... 114, 374 $9,108, 562 64, 489 1921.......... 309, 938 $18,762,000 76, 207 1919.......... 146,833 23,028,784 90,893 1922.......... 382,733 41,967,900 79,005 1920........... 174,500 20,680,900 95,870 The increase of about 23 per cent in tonnage compared to that of the preceding year is principally due to increased receipts of gasoline and pulpwood. The increase in valuation is due to increased tonnage and also to a larger proportion of commodities having a high unit value. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $14,628.66: New work--- ------------------------------------ $613, 407. 96 Maintenance--... -- -------------- 401, 391. 63 Net total expended 014, 799. 59 1------------------------------ Total appropriations to date of this report1-------------, 063, 883. 72 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.... .. ................................... Expended for maintenance 1..... $27,202. 70 15, 856.14 $11, 928. 78 $31, 336.12 $37, 863. 31 Appropriated or allotted......... 3,000.00 38,000.00 30,000.00 70,000.00 ............. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1406 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended- -- ------------------ $83, 467.54 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923_----- -___---,_ 3,479. 90 86, 947. 44 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 1 _ 37, 863. 31 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------------- -- ---------- 49, 084. 13 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities$-----------------2, 727. 07 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts__ 10, 000. 00 12, 727. 07 July 1, 1923, balance available------------------------------- 36, 357. 06 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ____ -- - - ____________- 266, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance _ __ -_________-- _-____-- 225, 000. 00 24. WHITE LAKE HARBOR, MICH. (B9.) Location and description.-This harbor is on the east shore of Lake Michigan, about 119 miles from Chicago. It consists of White Lake, a body of water about 4.5 miles long and of navigable depth, and of the channel, about 1,950 feet long, leading to Lake Michigan. The nearest harbors are Muskegon Harbor, 11.5 miles to the south, and Pentwater Harbor, 32 miles to the north. (See U. S. Lake Sur- vey chart No. 7, Lake Michigan.) Original condition.-The natural outlet of White Lake, about 3,550 feet north of the present entrance, afforded a channel 5 feet deep and 125 feet wide between slab piers built by local interests. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the abandonment of the old outlet and the creation of a new channel 16 feet deep and 200 feet wide from Lake Michigan to White Lake between parallel piers and revetments. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depth of 14.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 1 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1907, is $353,550. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 2, 1867, and amended by river and harbor acts approved March 3, 1873; July 5, 1884; July 13, 1892; and March 2, 1907. These amendments relate principally to the length of the proposed piers and revetments, and the estimated costs, except the last one, which increased the project depth by dredging. The latest published map is in House Document No. 2053, Sixty-fourth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-About three-fourths of a mile south of the village of Montngue, at the inner end of White Lake, is the wharf 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBO1SI-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1407 used by the regular boat line; across the lake, at the village of White- hall, are two or three small wharves available for boats of shallow draft. There is no railroad connection with these wharves. At the westerly end of White Lake are several landing piers for summer- resort business which are used by the regular boat line and smaller boats. The terminal facilities are ample for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The .benefits to commerce are entirely local and centered chiefly in receipts of crushed stone and gravel and in the summer-resort business, limited to a season of three or four months. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging for restora- tion of project depth done in June, 1922, involved an expenditure of $4,320.63. Expenditures for soundings, general supervision, and con- tingencies amounted to $271.34. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $4,591.97 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is completed with the exception of 50 feet extension to north pier and 100 feet to south pier, which are believed to be unnecessary. The project depth was obtained in 1908, but annual dredging is necessary for maintenance. The outer portions of the piers are in fair condition, but the inner portions are dilapidated. The controlling depth at low water was 16 feet at the close of the fiscal year. The net ex- penditures under the existing project are $207,862.44 for new work, $188,698.35 for maintenance, a total of $396,560.79. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. seagoing dredge Meade, six days, at $500----- $3, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies .----------------------------- 567. 66 Total------------------ ---------------------------- 3, 567. 66 It is expected to do the dredging in July, 1923. The available funds will be practically exhausted by July 31, 1923. On account of wave action, causing the formation of sand bars at entrance, annual dredging is necessary for maintenance of project depth. The amount thatcan be profitably expended for work pro- posed to be done prior to June 30, 1925, in addition to the work to be done with the funds available, is as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. seagoing dredge Meade, 10 days, at $500----- $5, 000 Engineering and contingencies----- --------------------------- 500 Total--------------- ---------------------------------- 5, 500 Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year is crushed stone and unclassified package freight. The usual limit of draft for vessels carrying stone, com- prising 98 per cent of the total tonnage, is 15 feet, and that for package freight (2 per cent) is also 15 feet. 61637-ENG 1923--89 1408 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Comparative statement. The large increase in tonnage (875 per cent), compared to that of the preceding year, is due to increased receipts of crushed stone. The increase in value is due to the increased tonnage. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3,241.25: New work----- --------------------------------- $207, 862. 44 Maintenance ------------------------------------ 188, 698. 35 Net total expended------ .---------------- .--- 396, 560. 79 Total appropriations to date of this report-- --------- 400, 128. 45 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work..................... .............. .. .............. Expended for maintenance ..... $2,338. 19 $3,968.90 $3, 868.10 $3,149.71 $4, 591.97 Appropriated or allotted......... 3,500.00 ..... 3,000.00 5,500.00 3,078.45 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------ - $5, 003. 68 Amount allotted from river and harbor act of Mar. 4, 1915--------- 656. 13 * Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved June 5, 1920__ 118. 99 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 1, 1921__ 2, 303. 33 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923-..--.. ----.--- 77. 50 8, 159. 63 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 4, 591. 97 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -----------------.----- 3, 567. 66 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-------------------------------------- 21, 720. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance----------------- 25,500. 00 25. LUDINGTON HARBOR, MICH. (B10.) Location and description.-This harbor, located on the east shore of Lake Michigan, about 155 miles from Chicago, is the outlet of Pere Marquette River, which expands into Pere Marquette Lake before emptying into Lake Michigan. Pere Marquette Lake is about 2 miles long, one-half mile in average width, and from 20 to 40 feet deep. The nearest harbors are. Pentwater Harbor, 11.5 miles to the south, and Manistee Harbor, 24 miles to the north. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7, Lake Michigan.) 2 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1409 Original condition.--The channel from Pere Marquette Lake to Lake Michigan had been improved by private interests. Its length, was about 830 feet. The depth was from 7 to 8 feet. Width un- known. The channel had been protected by diverging slab piers. Previous projects.--The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 2, 1867, and was modified by the river and harbor acts approved August 5, 1886, August 11, 1888, and March 3, 1899. The amount expended prior to commencement of work under the existing project in 1908 was $617,867.30, of which $491,416.22 was for new work and $126,451.08 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1951 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an exterior basin in Lake Michigan, formed by two breakwaters, each 1,800 feet long, 400 feet apart at the outer ends, diverging at an angle of 90 ° , the inner ends to be connected with the shore by suitable structures; for the removal of the outer end of the inner piers; for dredging the exterior basin; and for an inner channel connecting Pere Marquette Lake with Lake Michigan, 183 to 285 feet wide and 18 feet deep, protected by piers and revetments. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michi- gan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depths of 16.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 1 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1916, is $1,090,587, exclusive of amount expended on previous project. There is no esti- mate of annual maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1867, provided for the entrance piers (Annual Report for 1867, p. 114); the act of March 3, 1899, provided for a channel 18 feet deep below low water (2 feet below mean lake level 1860-1875) between Lake Michigan and Pere Mar- quette Lake, for pier extensions, and reconstruction and repairs to existing structures (H. Doc. No. 273, 54th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the breakwaters, shore connections, and removal of outer ends of the two inside piers (H. Doc. No. 62, 59th Cong., 1st sess., and R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 3, 59th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of July 25, 1912, provided for additional riprap and stone filling (Annual Report for 1912, p. 1044) ; the act of July 27, 1916, provided for dredging in the basin and for riprap for the breakwaters (Annual Report for 1916, p. 1401). The latest pub- lished map is in the Annual Report for 1914, page 2974. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. Land at the inner ends of the two breakwater shore connections was donated to the United States by local interests; that for the north shore connection, 160 feet by about 225 feet, by deed of June 22, 1912, and that for the south shore connection, about 200 feet square, by deeds of July 12, 1912, and November 12, 1912. 1410 I EPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U; S. ARMY, 1923. Terminal facilities.-The main terminal is that of the Pere Mar- quette Railway Co., with two car-ferry slips, wharves with ware- houses and grain elevator, all with railroads connections. The regu- lar boat line from Chicago has a wharf with warehouse but no rail- road connections. There are wharves with railroad connections at salt industries. The city has a small wharf available for vessels of moderate draft. The terminal facilities are adequate for the exist- ing boat lines, but are very poor for general commerce, there being no public wharf for transfer between rail and water. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The principal benefit to commerce is the opportunity for translake business, largely by the car ferries of the Pere Marquette Railway Co. to Milwaukee and Manitowoc; the bulk freight shipment of salt; and the package-freight business with Milwaukee and Chicago. The through rail-and-boat service gives more direct and quicker transportation, although the rates for car- load shipments are the same as by the longer routes around Lake Michigan. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of dredging for restoration of project depth at an expenditure of $3,017.50, rebuilding outer 100 linear feet of superstructure on the outer end of north breakwater in concrete, and making minor repairs to south breakwater at an expenditure of $7,572.95. Improvements consisting of new revetment, etc., were made to the general district engineer depot at Kewaunee, Wis., to the extent of $6,103.86. Re- pairs were made to Government plant at an expenditure of $16,349.68. Soundings, general supervision, and contingencies amounted to $2,238.91. All work was dope by hired labor and use of Govern- ment plant. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $35,- 282.90 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is completed with the exception of the riprap for the breakwaters, which can be safely deferred for the present. The timber superstructure of the south breakwater which was wrecked by storms has been replaced by a concrete superstructure, and the breakwater is now in excellent con- dition. The timber superstructure of north breakwater, with the exception of the outer 100 linear feet which has been rebuilt in con- crete, has been badly damaged by storms and will be rebuilt in concrete as soon as funds become available. The outer portions of the inner piers are in very bad condition and should be removed, as they no longer are needed as protection to the channel. The har- bor would be greatly improved by the removal of about 400 feet from the outer end of each pier. This, however, can not be done until the light and fog signal now on outer end of south pier is dis- continued and a new light and fog signal established on north breakwater. The controlling depth below low water at the close of the fiscal year was 18 feet. The net expenditures under the existing project are $1,036,085.93 for new work, $300,866.76 for maintenance, a total of $1,336,952.69. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended. RIVERS AND HARBORS--MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1411 Maintenance: Construction of steel barges now under contract, including ma- chinery and outfit to be furnished by the United States____ _ $10, 000. 00 Installing bin gates and making repairs on seagoing dredge Meade -------------------------------- ------------- 4, 361. 22 Operation of U. S. seagoing dredge Meade, 8 days, at $500,_._ 4, 000. 00 Rebuilding superstructure on north breakwater, 100 linear feet, at $100 -------------------------------------------- 10, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies---------------------------- 2, 243. 60 Total------------ --------------------------------- 30, 604. 82 It is expected to do the dredging in November, 192x, and early in 1924. The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1924. A small amount of dredging is required annually to maintain full project dimensions of channel. The wooden superstructure of the outer arm of the north breakwater is very badly decayed and should be rebuilt in permanent construction as soon as necessary funds be- come available. The amount that can be profitably expended for work proposed to be. done prior to June 30, 1925, in addition to the work to be done with the funds available, is as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. seagoing dredge Meade, 7 days, at $500--------$3, 500 Rebuilding superstructures on north breakwater, 1,600 linear feet, at $100_____________-------------160, 000 Engineering and contingencies ------------ - - 16, 500 Total ______________-------- 180, 000 The average cost of maintenance for the past five years is about $51,700. The excess amount requested for maintenance is for re- building superstructure on north breakwater. Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year is coal, flour, and feed, grain, salt, sand, stone, lumber, automobiles, and unclassified commodities. The usual limit of draft for car-ferry traffic, comprising 88 per cent of the total ton- nage, is 17 feet. For other than car-ferry traffic the limits of draft and proportions of total tonnage are as follows: Coal (1 per cent), 18 feet; salt (6 per cent), 17 feet; other miscellaneous commodities (5 per cent), 15 feet. Comparative statement. General vessel traffic. Car-ferry traffic. Calendar year. - Passengers. Short tons. Value. Short tons.' Value. 1918............................ 268,899 39,720,164 2,033,265 $120, 547,172 19 778 1919........................... 292,447 22,681, 460 1, 996 426 14', 626,785 30 781 1920 ........................... 246, 883 11,823, 050 1, 829,137 121 561, 450 27, 985 1921 ......... ... ............... 215,803 9 601, 800 1, 614,460 91, 202, 000 26560 1922............................. 264, 400 14669, 900 1,764,764 105,765,200 29, 560 1Exclusive of dead weight of cars. The increase of 11 per cent in tonnage compared to that of the preceding year is principally due to increased receipts of grain and shipments of salt by vessels other than car ferries and increased receipts by car ferry. The increase in valuation is due to increased tonnage. 1412 REPORT'OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Financial 8umary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $52,932.26: New work -------------------------------------- $1, 527, 502. 15 Maintenance---------------------- ------ 427, 317. 84 Net total expended-------------------------------1, 954, 819. 99 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 1, 985, 424. 81 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1. . . . . . . Expended for new work . 26 796.22 Expended for maintenance 1... 5,183. 73 $7, 007.95 $145, 740.67 $73, 318. 05 $35,282.90 Total expended 1.......... 31, 979.95 7,007.95 145, 740.67 73,318.05 35,282.90 Appropriated or allotted........... 1,523.71 .............. 166,000.00f...................... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---- ----------------------- $40, 444. 32 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923------------ ---- 25, 443. 40 65, 887. 72 June 30, - 1923, amount expended -during fiscal year, for mainte- nance 1 - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 35, 282. 90 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ----------- ------------ 30, 604. 82 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities---------------- $4, 557. 52 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts- 10, 000. 00 14, 557. 52 July 1, 1923, balance available--------------------------------16, 047.30 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------- ------------------------------- 55, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance-----------------------------180, 000. 00 26. MANISTEE HARBOR, MIbH. (Bl.) Location and description.-This harbor is on the east shore of Lake Michigan, about 180 miles from Chicago and 24 miles north of Lud- ington Harbor and 8 miles south of Portage Lake Harbor. It con- sists of Manistee Lake, about 4 miles by one-fourth to one-half mile, and 35 feet deep, and Manistee River, between Manistee Lake and Lake Michigan, about 9,300 feet long. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7, Lake Michigan.) Original condition.-The entrance from Lake Michigan had been improved by local interests by slab piers from 100 to 150 feet apart. The depth at low water was from 7 to 8 feet in a channel of uncer- tain width obstructed by sand bars. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act approved March 2, 1867, and was modified by the river and harbor acts approved June 10, 1872, March 3, 1873, March 3, 1875, August 14, 1876, September 19, 1890, July 13, 1892, March 2, 1907, and June 25, 1910. The amount expended prior to the com-, mencement of the existing project in 1913 was $505,908.67, of which I ot deducting receipts from: sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of a'vailable funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1413 $354,998.68 was for new work and $150,909.99 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1952 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an enlarged harbor entrance with a south breakwater 1,300 feet long and shore connection about 1,200 feet long; the removal of 450 feet of the lakeward end of south pier; the dredging of an entrance basin 570 feet wide and channel between the piers 120 to 220 feet wide, 20 feet deep; dredging the river with a minimum width of 90 feet from the inner end of the north pier to Manistee Lake 18 feet deep; the extensio of the north pier 200 feet (if required); and the maintenance of the project, in- cluding the piers and revetments built under previous projects. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. These depths correspond to depths of 18.9 and 16.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one- half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctua- tions of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 14 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1912, is $456,000, ex- clusive of amount expended on previous project. The latest (1912) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $6,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1867, provided for the entrance piers (Annual Report for 1867, p. 115); the act of September 19, 1890, provided for extending the channel a distance of 8,000 feet to con- nect with Manistee Lake and for further pier extension (Annual Re- port, 1891, p. 2678) ; and the act of July 25, 1912, provided the south breakwater, shore connection, pier removal, and dredging (H. Doc. No. 599, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published complete map is in House Document No. 511, Fifty-ninth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The project required the donation to the United States, without cost, of a strip of land 200 feet square at the inner end of the shore connection of the breakwater. This provision was compiled with by deed of April 10, 1913, for a strip of land 220 feet wide fronting on Lake Michigan. Terminal facilities.-A portion of the north Government revet- ment serves 'as a wharf for general use; it is provided with a railroad track. The two regular package-freight boat lines have wharves with warehouses on the south side of the river, but without railroad connections. The sawmill, salt, and other industries on Manistee Lake have wharves for bulk-freight vessels. There is need of a pub- lic wharf, there being none except the ends of a few city streets. The terminal facilities are in keeping with the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The principal benefit to commerce has been the improved facilities for.the shipment from Manistee of forest products and salt. The shipment of the former has prac- tically ceased; the shipment of the latter, which had been decreasing, is expected to have a large increase in the near future. 1414 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of dredging for restoration of project depth at an expenditure of $13,868.90; minor repairs to piers at an expenditure of $550.89; re- pairing, laying up, and fitting out Government plant to the extent of $3,397.55; coal was purchased for stock at a cost of $972.64; soundings, general supervision, and contingencies amounting to $1,404.71. All work was done by hired labor and use of Govern- ment plant. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $33,- 189.06, of which $12,994.37 was for new work and $20,194.69 for maintenance. Condition d end of fiscal year.-The existing project is completed, except for the dredging in entrance basin and extension of 200 feet of the north pier. This extension is not considered necessary at the present time, but the entrance basin should be enlarged. About 44 feet of the outer end of north pier, which has been wrecked, is en- tirely submerged and forms a menace to navigation. This will be removed and the remaining portion of the crib strengthened. The outer 350 linear feet of the south pier is in bad condition and will be removed. It is no longer needed for protection to the channel, and the harbor would be greatly improved by its removal. At the close of the fiscal year the controlling depths below low water were 19.4 feet on entrance bar and 18 feet in the river. The net ex- penditures under the existing project are $427,342.22 for new work, $59,378.97 for maintenance, a total of $486,721.19. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended: New work: Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, enlarg- ing entrance basin, 45 days, at $300----------$13, 500. 00 Engineering and contingencies------------------ 1, 500. 00 $15, 000. 00 Maintenance: Operation of U. S. seagoing dredge Meade, 14 days, at $500-------------------- --------- 7, 000 00 Stone for filling and riprap, 1,350 tons, at $4______ 5, 400. 00 Repairs to breakwater, piers, and revetments------ 5, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies,------------------ 1, 964. 51 19,364. 51 Total-------------------------------------------- 34, 364. 51 It is expected to do the dredging for enlargement of basin in August and September, 1923, to do the maintenance dredging in August, 1923, to deposit stone for filling and riprap during 1923 or early in 1924, and to make repairs to breakwater, etc., during the fiscal year. The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1924. Annual dredging is required to maintain project depth. Minor repairs are needed annually to preserve old wooden superstructure. The amount that can be profitably expended for work proposed to be done prior to June 30, 1925, in addition to the work to be done with the funds available, is as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. seagoing dredge Meade, 12 days, at $500.-... $6, 000 Minor repairs to breakwater, piers, and revetments -------------- 2, 600 Engineering and contingencies ---------------- 900 Total_ ___---_--_ --- __ 9, 500 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1415 Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year is salt, crushed stone, and unclassified package freight. The usual limit of draft for salt-carrying vessels, compris- ing 52 per cent of the total tonnage, is 16 feet; that for crushed stone (28 per cent) is 15 feet; and that for the remaining traffic (20 per cent) is 16j feet. Comparative statement. Calendar Calendar Short tons. Value. Passen- sen- Calendar Candar Short tons. Value. Passen- ges.n- year. gers. year. gers. 1918........... 44, 223 $997, 199 6, 436 1921........ .. 40, 944 $1, 478, 000 8,055 1919........... 45,722 1,992 366 9, 909 1922......... 42,395 2,924,700 8, 897 1920........... 35, 190 2,053,700 7,837 The increase in tonnage (3 per cent) compared to that of the pre- ceding year is principally due to increased receipts of crushed stone and unclassified package freight. The increase in value is due to increased receipts and shipments of commodities of high unit value. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $9,309.53: New work-------------. --------------------------- $782, 340. 90 Maintenance_____--- _----------------------- 210, 288. 96 Net total expended _--___________________________--992, 629. 86 Total appropriations to date of this report ________-- _______ 1, 026, 994. 37 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work '.. . $24, 465. 19 $64, 196. 54 $6, 407. 58 .............. $12, 994. 37 Expended for maintenance '.... 1, 171. 54 13, 473.14 6, 129. 61 $9, 772.52 20,194. 69 Total expended 1.......... 25, 636.73 77, 669. 68 12, 537. 19 9,772.52 33, 189. 06 Appropriated or allotted......... 10,000.00 15,000.00 ................ 13,500.00 47,494.37 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended __-______-____ $17, 807. 50 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923--- ---------------------------------------- 34, 500. 00 Amount appropriated by deficiency act of July 1, 1922___------_ 12, 994. 37 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 ____________ __ 2, 251. 70 67, 553. 57 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year:' For new work.___-________-____------- $12, 994. 37 For maintenance ---------------------------- 20, 194. 69 33, 189. 06 July 1, 1923, balance une xpended----------------------------34, 364. 51 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities _____----__--___-___ 1, 069. 58 July 1, 1923, balance available----- -------------------- 33, 294.93 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---------- 27, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance--- ._._-..-.--_ '9, 500. 00 I Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1416 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 27. FRANKFORT HARBOR, MICH. (B12.) Location and'description.-Thisharbor is on the east shore of Lake Michigan, about 203 miles from Chicago. It is formed by Lake Betsie (Aux Becs Scies), about 1.5 miles long, generally shoal but with navigable depths in the westerly portion, and the artificial chan- nel into Lake Michigan. The nearest harbors are Arcadia Harbor, 10 miles to the south, and the natural harbor of South Manitou, about 30 miles to the north. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7, Lake Michigan.) Original condition.-The outlet was about 750 feet north of the present channel, with a depth of 3 or 4 feet and width of 70 or 80 feet, between slab piers built by local enterprise. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel from Lake Aux Becs Scies to Lake Michigan with a depth of 18 feet and width be- tween parallel piers of 200 feet. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Mich- igan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depth of 16.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one-half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctuations of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 1 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1896, is $421,938.35. There is no adopted estimate of cost of maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 23, 1866, provided for the new channel; and the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, provided for a depth of 18 feet (Annual Report for 1902, p. 473). The latest published map is in House Document No. 1089, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended mnodifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-There were no conditions imposed by law as to cooperation. In 1896 and 1897 the Toledo & Ann Arbor Railway Co. (now the Ann Arbor Railroad Co.) extended the south pier 400 feet, at a cost of about $25,000. Terminal facilities.--The railroad terminal, consisting of a car- ferry slip, is on the south side at inner end of the entrance channel. It is badly located, as the larger car ferries, when in the slip, pro- ject into and partly block the entrance channel and are subjected to undue wave action in time of storm. The two regular steamboat lines carrying package freight have a wharf each, with warehouse and railroad connection, on the north side of the inside lake. These wharves are open to the use of all boats. The end of a city street is available for public use. The terminal facilities are adequate for the existing commerce, practically all of which is by car ferry. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement is of special benefit to interstate commerce, due to the operation between Frankfort and several harbors across the lake of a line of car ferries by the Ann Arbor Railroad Co., which carries practically the entire commerce RIVERS AND HARBORS--MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1417 of the harbor. This through-rail and car-ferry service is of benefit to interstate commerce by giving more direct and quicker trans- portation, although the rates for carload shipments are the same as by the longer routes around Lake Michigan. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of dredging for restoration of project depth, at an expenditure of $3,659.74; soundings, general supervision, and contingencies amounted to $524.04. All work was done by hired labor and use of Govern- ment plant. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $4,183.78 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The existing project is completed. The dredging of new channel was completed in 1903 and the piers and revetments in 1911. While the piers and revetments are in very poor condition, minor repairs can be made which will prevent com- plete demolition for a few years. No extensive repairs should be undertaken pending the results of a survey which has been ordered to ascertain what modifications of the existing project should be made. On June 30, 1923, the controlling depth at low-water datum was 18 feet. The net expenditures under the existing project are $351,353.59 for new work, $213,338.88 for maintenance, a total of $564,692.47. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended: Maintenance: Construction of steel barges now under contract, including ma- chinery and outfit to be furnished by the United States .... $14, 000. 00 Operation of U. S, seagoing dredge Meade, 27 days, at $500... 13, 500. 00 Stone filling and riprap, 1,300 tons, at $4__-.----------- 5, 200. 00 Minor repairs to piers and revetments____--------------- 5, 500. 00 Engineering and contingencies __ -------------- 4, 445. 88 Total --------------------------------------------- 42, 645. 88 It is expected to do the dredging in July and November, 1923, and early in 1924; the stone filling and riprap will be deposited in 1923-24, and repairs to piers and revetments will be made during the fiscal year. The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1924. Dredging is usually necessary both late in the fall and as early in the spring as weather conditions permit. Minor repairs are needed annually to preserve old wooden superstructures. The amount that can be profitably expended for work proposed to be done prior to June 30, 1925, in addition to the work to be done with the * funds available, is as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. seagoing dredge Meade, 21 days, at $500-_..... $10, 500 Minor repairs to piers and revetments _ .-------.---------- - 2, 000 Engineering and contingencies -1, 1------------------ 500 Total ----------------------------------------------- 14, 000 Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year is coal, lumber, flour and feed, grain, and uni classified commodities. The usual limit of draft for car-ferry traffic, comprising 99.8 per cent of the total tonnage, is 17 feet. For other than car-ferry traffic the limit of draft is 16) feet. 1418 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Comparative statement. General vessel traffic. Car-ferry traffic. Calendar year. - Passengers. Short tons. Value. Short tons.' Value. 1918........................ 474 $99, 249 1,112, 557 $56,141,120 3,972 1919 ...... .................... 1, 869 444, 925 1, 395, 737 80, 268, 017 5, 140 1920. . ... ................. 4, 885 413,000 1,427,646 101, 222,400 6,860 1921....................... 3, 448 505, 000 1,128, 061 66, 070,000 6,437 1922 .............. ..... ...... 1,988 449, 850 1,361,726 78, 864, 900 9,001 SExclusive of dead weight of cars. The increase of about 20 per cent,in tonnage compared to that of the preceding year is due to increased receipts by car ferries. The increase in valuation is due to increased tonnage. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting rece'pts from sales, etc., amounting. to $8,417.81: New ork$----------------------------------------351, 353. 59 Maintenance-..---------------------------------------213, 338. 88 Net total expended--------------------------------- 564, 692. 47 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 607, 338. 35 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work... ........ .... ... Expended for maintenance 1..... $4,865.78 115,189.19 $15. 901.26 $14,686.86 1$4. 183. 78 Appropriated or allotted......... 44,000.00 7500.00 3,500.00 24,000.00 14,500.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended --------------------------- $32, 329. 66 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923------------------------------------------- 14, 500. 00 46, 829. 66 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 4, 183. 78 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------------------------- 42, 645. 88 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts ----------- 13, 988. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available_--------- ------------------ 28, 657. 88 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for, maintenance-------------------------------- '14, 000. 00 28. CHARLEVOIX HARBOR, MICH. (B13.) Location and description.-This harbor is on the east shore of Lake Michigan about 275 miles from Chicago and about 45 miles from the Straits of Mackinac. It is at the mouth of Pine River, which connects Lake Michigan through the lower channel with Round Lake and thence Round Lake through the upper channel with aExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1419 Pine Lake. The lower channel has an entrance width of 160 feet, narrowing to 100 feet, and the upper channel a least width of 83 feet. Round Lake is about one-half mile in diameter and Pine Lake is ab'out 14 Aniles long, both being navigable. The distance from Lake Michigan to Pine Lake is about 1 mile. The entrance to Grand Trav- erse Bay is about 18 miles to the southwest, South Manitou Harbor 47 miles to the southwest, and Petoskey Harbor 17 miles a little north of east. (.See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 7, Lake Michigan.) Original condition.-In 1868 the lower channel was 75 feet wide and 2 to 6 feet deep; prior to beginning work by the United States in 1877 there had been built 468 feet of cribwork in the north pier and 80 feet in the south pier, extending into Lake Michigan. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 15 feet deep from Lake Michigan to Pine Lake, protected where needed by piers and revetments. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michi- gan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depth of 13.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one- half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctua- tions of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 1l feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1902, is $186,000. There is no approved estimate of cost for maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 14, 1876, provided for the channel from Lake Michigan to Round Lake; the act of August 2, 1882, pro- vided for the channel from Round Lake to Pine Lake; the act of June 13, 1902, increased the project depth from 12 to 15 feet. The latest published map is in House Document No. 26, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-Thereis one wharf in the city of Charlevoix, at the inner end of the south revetment, which is used by the regular boat lines and is open to general use. The city has a landing at the end of a street on Round Lake which is free to boats which can use it. The bulk freight lumber and iron-ore vessels use the wharves of the various mills at Boyne City and East Jordan at the inner end of Pine Lake. These wharves are reached by railroad tracks, but there is no interchange of traffic. The terminal facilities are ade- quate for the existing commerce, which is mainly ore and lumber. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.--The principal value of the improvement has been to the industries (blast furnaces, sawmills, etc.) at the head of Pine Lake for the traffic in iron ore and forest products. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of dredging for restoration of project depth at an expenditure of $877.38; repairs of Government plant to the extent of $2,182.94; soundings, general supervision and contingencies amounting to 1420 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. $472.36. All work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $3,532.68 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was coin- pleted in 1902, except for an extension of 200 feet to south pier, which is not considered necessary. The revetments of the lower channel are in poor condition, but minor repairs only are necessary at the present time. The revetments of the upper channel are in poor condition and partly wrecked; their maintenance, however, is not essential to the preservation of the channel. The outer end of the south pier, carrying the lighthouse, will be repaired. On June 30, 1923, the controlling depth at low-water datum was 14.9 feet. The net expenditures under the existing project are $80,205.04 for new work, $156,018.77 for maintenance, a total of $236,223.81. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. seagoing dredge Meade, 7 days, at $500... $3, 500. 00 Operation of U. S. dipper dredge Kewaunee, 10 days, at $300___ 3, 000. 00 Minor repairs to piers and revetments------------- ---------- 2, 500. 00 Engineering and contingencies-- ------------------------ 976. 19 Total --------------------------- -------------- ----- 9, 976. 19 It is expected to do the dredging with the Meade in July, 1923, and with the Kewaunee in October, 1923, and to make repairs to piers and revetments during the fiscal year. The available funds will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1924. A small amount of dredging is required annually to maintain project depth in channel. The wooden superstructure at outer end of south pier in vicinity of the lighthouse is badly decayed and in need of repairs. The amount that can be profitably expended for work proposed to be done prior to June 30, 1925, in addition to the work to be done with the funds available, is as follows: Maintenance: Operation of U. S. seagoing dredge Meade, six days, at $500.-... $3, 000 Rebuilding superstructure and repairing outer end of south pier, 200 linear feet, at $30 __-----------_-- -------- 6, 000 Minor repairs to piers and revetments-------------1-----------, 500 Engineering and contingencies------------- 1,000 ____ Total--------------- ------------------------------ 11, 500 Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce for the last calendar year is iron ore, lumber and other forest products, and unclassified package freight. The limit of draft for vessels carrying iron ore, which comprises 57 per cent of the total traffic, is 17 feet; that for lumber.and other forest products (31 per cent), 13 feet; that for unclassified package freight (4 per cent), 161 feet; and that for the remaining traffic (8 per cent) is 14 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918.......... 107,246 $913, 047 1,861 1921....... .. 18,953 $748,200 8,322 1919........... 110,660 1,068,721 6,719 1922........ 42,181 919,400 5,423 1920:....... 162,850 1,111,260 7,633 RIVERS AND HARBORS-MILWAUKEE, WIS., DISTRICT. 1421 The increase in tonnage (123 per cent) compared to that of the preceding year is due to increased tonnage of iron ore, forest prod- ucts, and pig iron. The increase in value is due to the increase in tonnage. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $8,571.80: New work ------------ ------------------------ ---- $80, 205. 04 Maintenance ------------- ------------------------ 156, 018. 77 Net total expended_____----------------------------- 236, 223.81 Total appropriations to date of this report---------- ------ 246, 200. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work..................................... .................... Expended for maintenance 1..... $3, 078.72 2,142.82 $5,759.10 1,260.24 $3,532.68 Appropriated or allotted..... 10,000.00 .............. 8,500.00 1,000.00 ............ July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-------------------$11, 061.12 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923--------------- 2, 447. 75 13, 508. 87 June 30,1 1923,- - --amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - - nance 3, 532. 68 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_ --------- ..-.- - - - __-- 9, 976. 19 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------------------------ 879. 73 July 1, 1923, balance available --- ------------------------... 9,096.46 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project --------------------------------------- 23, 750. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance-.------------------------- 11, 500. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP B. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $176,768.07: New work -- - ------- ------------------- $6,557, 018. 23 Maintenance__ .------------------------------ 3, 626, 224. 66 Net total expended 1----------------------- -10, 183, 242. 89 Total appropriations to date of this report------- 10, 556,377. 67 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 " 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ $51,261.41 $64, 196. 54 $6407. 58 .... ..... $12, 994.37 Expended for maintenance 1.. 153, 843. 64 163, 820. 667 259, 121. 29 $258, 815. 25 247, 826.63 . . . . . . . Total expended 1 ... 205, 105. 05 228, 017. 21 265, 528. 87 258, 815. 25 260, 821.00 Appropriated or allotted......... 181, 298. 21 118, 000. 00 293, 500. 00 402, 000.00 105, 572. 82 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 xclusive of available funds. 1422 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended __-------------------------- $475, 723. 14 Receipts.from sale of materials purchased in previous fiscal years_ 3, 004. 24 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923------------------------------------------83, 000. 00 Appropriated by deficiency act of July 1, 1922------------------ 12, 994. 37 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922------------------------------------------ 6, 500. 00 Amount allotted from river and harbor act of Mar. 4, 1915... 656. 13 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved June 5, 1920__ 118. 99 Amount allotted from river and harbor act approved Mar. 1, 1921_.. 2, 303.33 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923-------------- 49, 655. 58 633, 955.78 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year:1 For new work---------- __$12, 994. 37 For maintenance--- ----------------------- 247, 826. 63 260, 821. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended___________________ _______ 373, 134. 78 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities----------------15, 685. 21 July 1,,1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts 58, 144. 60 73, 829. 81 July 1, 1923, balance available-___ -------------- 299, 304. 97 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project----------------------------------- 497, 470. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance .---------------------- ___ 2421, 500. 00 EXAMINATION AND SURVEY MADE IN COMIPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JUNE 5" 1920. Reports dated December 18, 1920, and April 25, 1922, on prelimi- nary examination and survey of Muskegon Harbor, Mich., required by the river and harbor act of June 5, 1920, were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 494, Sixty-seventh Congress, fourth session. A plan of improvement is presented to ihe extent of constructing arrowhead breakwaters, removing the outer ends of the existing piers, and dredging a channel 500 feet wide at the entrance and 300 feet wide between piers, with depths varying from 24 feet to 21 feet, at a total estimated cost of $1,144,000 for new work and $25,000 annually for maintenance. Reports on preliminary examinations and survey required by the river and harbor acts of June 5, 1920, and September 22, 1922, of the following localities within this district were duly submitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engi- neers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress, but have not yet been printed: 1. Preliminary examination and survey of Menominee Harbor and River, Mich. and Wis.-Reports dated October 23, 1920, and January 10, 1922, were transmitted to Congress September 11, 1922. The improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. 1 Not deducting 2 Exclusive of available funds. receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1423 2. Preliminary examination of Petoskey Harbor, Mich.-Report dated November 27, 1922, was transmitted to Congress February 5, 1923. The further improvement of this locality by the United States is not deemed advisable at the present time. The local engineer was also charged with the duty of making other preliminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of June 5, 1920, and September 22, 1922, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Green Bay Harbor and Fox River, Wis., from Oshkosh to its mouth. 2. Sheboygan Harbor, Wis. 3. Frankfort Harbor, Mich. 4. Escanaba Harbor, Mich. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. This district includes the Illinois River in Illinois and its navi- gable tributaries in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin, and the" har- bors on Lake Michigan from Waukegan, Ill., to Michigan City, Ind., inclusive, together with the navigable waterways entering Lake Michigan at Chicago and Michigan City, or between them, and the navigable tributaries of such waterways. District engineer: Maj. Rufus W. Putnam, Corps of Engineers. Division engineers: Col. J. G. Warren, Corps of Engineers, to September 4, 1922; Col. Spencer Cosby, Corps of Engineers, since that date. IMPROVEMENTS. [The letters and figures in parentheses indicate the group, and the numerical order in the group, to which the respective improvements belong for purposes of appropriation.] . Page. Page. 1. Waukegan Harbor, Ill------- 1423 8. Operating and care of La 2. Chicago Harbor, Ill. (Al),__ 1427 Grange and Kampsville 3. Chicago River, Ill. (A2)--. 1432 Locks, Illinois River, and 4. Calumet Harbor and River, approaches thereto ------- 1456 Ill. and Ind. (A3)------- 1436 9. Operating snag boats and 5. Indiana Harbor, Ind. (A4)-- 1442 dredge boats on upper Mis- 6. Michigan City Harbor, Ind. sissippi River and tribu- (A5) ------------------- 1446 taries ------------------ 1457 7. Illinois River, Ill. (A6)----- 1450 1. WAUKEGAN HARBOR, ILL. Location and description.-This harbor is on the west shore of Lake Michigan, distant about 51 miles south of Milwaukee and about 38 miles north from Chicago. The harbor is entirely artificial and consists of an interior basin about 14 acres in area and a channel extending therefrom, between parallel piers, to deep water in Lake Michigan. The entrance to channel is protected on the north by a detached breakwater. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 74.) Original condition.-There was no navigable channel or natural harbor at this place, there being no river or creek emptying into Lake Michigan at this point susceptible to improvement. Previous projects.-An appropriation of $15,000 was made by the river and harbor act of August 30, 1852, for a breakwater. This 61637-ENG 1923---90 1424 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. work was abandoned. The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880. This project was modified by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882. The amount expended prior to commencement of the existing project in 1903, and including appropriation of $15,000 made by the river and harbor act of August 30, 1852, is $218,233.54 for new work, $15,710.87 for maintenance, a total of $233,944.41. For further details of previous projects see page 1940 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a detached breakwater 600 feet long; two parallel piers about 240 feet apart, 1,610 and 3,207 feet in length for the north and south piers, respectively, the inshore end of south pier being on a line diverging from the general line of pier (Annual Report for 1906, p. 1760); and for a channel 200 feet wide, 18 feet deep; ' this channel extends from that depth in the lake a distance of 2,000 feet to an interior basin of the same depth, pro- tected on the east side by a revetment 882 feet long. The breakwater is formed of stone-filled cribs; the piers are formed of stone-filled timber cribs and piling; the revetment is formed of timber piling. The fluctuations of water level are seasonal changes of about one- half foot above or below the annual mean stage, and extreme fluctua- tions of a temporary nature, due to wind and barometric pressure, of about 1 feet above or below the mean lake level prevailing at the time. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1899, is $345,000, exclu- sive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 14, 1880, provided for the parallel piers and basin (Annual Report for 1880, p. 1942); the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the detached breakwater, for extending the piers, and for the present channel dimensions (H. iDoc. No. 343, 56th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map, see Annual Report for 1906, page 1760. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of 2 coal wharves with 2,400 feet frontage; 1 salt wharf with 900 feet frontage; 1 railroad tie and timber wharf with 525 feet frontage; and 1 fishing dock with 300 feet frontage, none of which is open to general public use. There is one package-freight wharf having a frontage of 100 feet, owned by the city of Waukegan and open to the public on like terms for like service. These facilities are considered adequate for existing com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-While the completion of the project has provided a fairly well-sheltered harbor, located at the northern ter- minus of the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway (known as the Chicago Outer Belt Line), which places it in close connection with all rail- ways entering Chicago, there is but little general water-borne com- 1 The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 teet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to the depth of 16.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1425 merce, by far the greater part of the tonnage consisting of coal receipts. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Work of rebuilding the superstructure on breakwater in concrete by day labor and use of Government plant (maintenance) was begun in June, 1923. About 510 linear feet of old timber was removed and 500 linear feet of foot blocks constructed. The bar at the harbor entrance was removed by the U. S. dredge Meade in May, 1923. Investigations and inspections were made in connection with Secre- tary of War permits. The harbor was patrolled to prevent viola- tions of the laws for the protection of navigable waters of the United States, particularly in reference to encroachments. The total expenditures were $8,883.55, for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1904. The north pier, east revetment, breakwater, and dredging were completed in 1904, and the south pier in 1909. The breakwater is in good condition below water, and its superstructure will be completed in concrete early in the coming year. The super- structure of the outer portions of the harbor piers and on 1,850 linear feet of the south pile pier are badly decayed and will require rebuilding in the near future. The superstructure on about 585 feet of the north pile pier and on about 580 feet of east revetment are badly decayed and require rebuilding, that on the east revet- ment having been already provided for during the summer of 1923., The controlling depth at low-water datum is 18 feet in channel and basin, based on soundings taken in April and May, 1923. The total expenditures under the existing project have been: For new work, $310,314.39; for maintenance, $243,376.94; total, $553,691.33. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the funds unexpended July 1, 1923: Rebuilding superstructure of detached breakwater (maintenance) $59, 000. 00 Dredg ng (maintenance) ---------------- 10, 000. 00 Repairing revetment to United States property (maintenance) 30, 000. 00 Construction of office building at Chicago (maintenance) -------- 5, 000. 00 Construct on of tug (maintenance) , 000. 00 1----------------------- Surveys (maintenance) -------------------------------------- 500. 00 Inspection and supervision to prevent illegal dumping, encroach- ments, and other infractions of laws for the protection of navi- gable waters (maintenance) ------------------- 500. 00 Engineering, industrial and commercial surveys, office expenses, and contingenc'es------------------- ------------------- 10, 964. 26 Payment of outstanding liabilities July 1, 1923----------------10, 000. 00 Total --------------------------------------- 126, 964.26 The dredging will be done in the early spring of 1924; the supei- structures will be rebuilt during 1923; the tug will be built in the summer of 1923 and the office building in the fall and winter of 1923. It is expected that these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. The entrance piers are badly decayed, and emergency repairs should be made to maintain the integrity of the structures. The amount that can be profitably expended prior to June 30, 1925, in 1426 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. addition to the work to be done with the funds unexpended, is as follows: Emergency repairs to entrance piers (maintenance)-------------- $10, 000 Dredging (maintenance) ------------------------------------- 10, 000 Surveys (maintenance) ----------------------------------------- 500 Inspection and supervision to prevent illegal dumping, encroachments, and other infractions of laws for the protection of navigable waters (maint enance) ---------------------------------------------- 500 Engineering, industrial and commercial surveys, office expenses, and contingencies--------------------------------------------- 3, 500 Total --- -- ---------------------------------------- 24, 500 Commercial statistics.-The general character of the commerce is coal and unclassified commodities (package freight). The usual limit of draft for coal-carrying vessels is 18 feet; that for package freight' is 12 feet. Following is a statement of the commerce for the past five years: Comparative statement. Calendar year. Tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Tons. Value. Passengers. 1918.......... 154, 516 $7, 474,476 4,117 1921........... 141,700 $4,277,150......... 1919.......... 177, 788 7, 258,900 2,500 1922.......... 96,213 3,462,332 ......... 1920.......... 87,740 5, 914, 940.......... Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $7,078.26: New work ----------------------------------------- $528, 547. 93 Maintenance --------------------------------------- 259, 087. 81 Net total expended--------------------------------- 787, 635. 74 Total appropriations to date of this report- -- ----------- 914, 600. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work ..................................... Expended for maintenance 1..... $13, 877.62 $22, 576. 13 $9, 030. 38 $17, 468. 02 $8, 883. 55 Appropriated or allotted.......... 27, 600. 00 17, 000. 00 7, 000. 00 128,000. 00........... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended____- ____- __---____- $135, 847. 81 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance. ------------------------------------------------ 8, 883. 55 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------ ----------- 126, 964. 26 July, 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------------- ------ 10, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available, only for maintenance-------- 116, 964. 26 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance ------ ---------------- -------- 24, 500. 00 xExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1427 CHICAGO AND CALUMET HARBORS, CHICAGO AND ILLINOIS RIVERS, ILL., CALUMET RIVER, ILL. AND IND., INDIANA AND MICHIGAN CITY HARBORS, IND. (GROUP A). 2. CHICAGO HARBOR, ILL. (Al.) Location and description.-Northeastern Illinois, near the south- ern end of Lake Michigan; 80 miles in a southerly direction from Milwaukee, Wis. The harbor includes the protected areas in the lake and the entrance to Chicago River up to Rush Street (about 0.9 mile). An inner breakwater forms an inner basin of about 224 acres and protects the shore southward of the river entrance as far as Roosevelt Road (formerly Twelfth Street) about 7,000 feet. An exterior breakwater provides an exterior harbor of refuge and an outer harbor of about 491 acres and protects the river entrance from seas north of east. The protected areas extend from a point op- posite Oak Street on the north to a point opposite Roosevelt Road on the south, about 2.25 miles. Entrance to the river is between piers on a general westerly course. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 753.) Original condition.-This harbor could be used by none but the smallest craft, and then only when temporarily deepened by scour due to freshets. The Chicago River entered Lake Michigan about one-half mile south of its present mouth across a shifting bar. Its width averaged about 200 feet. The harbor was limited to the por- tion of the river east of Rush Street, about one-half mile long. The depth over the bar was 3 to 4 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by river and harbor act of March 2, 1833, modified by river and harbor act of June 23, 1866, acts of March 2, 1867, and July 1, 1868, and river and harbor act of April 10, 1869. Work was continued under these projects until 1870, the total expenditures being $446,005, the di- vision between new work and maintenance not being available. For further details of previous projects see page 1941 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the following work: (a) An inner breakwater, all of timber cribs, inclosing an inner basin of about 224 acres in extent, the breakwater being in two sections as follows: The main inner breakwater 4,036 feet long with 300 feet of shore return on north end; a southerly extension 2,550 feet long. (b) An exterior breakwater inclosing an outer basin of about 490 acres in extent, the breakwater being in three sections, exclusive of gaps, as follows: The shore extension at north end built of timber cribs and 2,250 feet long; the main exterior breakwater, built of timber cribs and 5,413 feet long; and the southerly extension, built of rubble mound and concrete caissons and 5,000 feet long, exclusive of the harbor entrance gap of 500 feet. (c) Maintenance dredging to a depth of 21 feet 1 of that part of the inner basin lying north of a line drawn eastwardly perpendicular to the eastern boundary of Grant Park, from the northern end of said boundary, and also of the entrance to Chicago River from the lake to Rush Street over a width vary- ing from 470 to 190 feet. Seasonal fluctuations in mean stage from low water in winter to high water in summer average about 1.2 feet. Local and temporary 1 The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to) a depth of 19.9 feet on the Lake Survey charts of this locality, which are referred to standard 1'--" water (578.5). 1428 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. fluctuations of 0.1 to 0.5 of a foot due to wind and difference in barometric pressures occur daily. Seiches of 3 to 4 feet occur at infrequent intervals. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1914 is $3,686,502.17, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. No estimate of cost for annual maintenance has been made. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 11, 1870, provided for the inner break- waters and inner basin (H. Doc. No. 114, 41st Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1879, pp. 1562-1567); the act of June 14, 1880, provided for the exterior breakwater (Annual Report for 1879, pp. 1562-1567) ; the act of March 3, 1899, provided for the present depth in the basin and entrance to Chicago River (Annual Report for 1897, pp. 2790-2791) ; the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the shore arm and southerly extension of the exterior breakwater (H. Doc. No. 710, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of March 2, 1919, modified the area to be dredged in the inner basin (H. Doc. No. 1303, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The la4est published map of this harbor is in the Annual Report for 1914, opposite page 2924. Recommended modifications of project.-The project should be modified by dropping therefrom the maintenance of the old inner breakwaters and providing for their removal as and when, due to such dilapidation as may follow the lapse of time, they shall become menaces to navigation, unless their maintenance shall be assumed under proper authority by some private or corporate interest. Local cooperation.-In 1864 the city of Chicago furnished the sum of $75,000, which was expended in dredging and in extending the north pier 450 feet, but no further details of this work are available. The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, which adopted the part of the project providing for the construction of a breakwater to form an outer harbor (b), contained a requirement that the work should "not be commenced until assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War shall have been received that the work contemplated by the city of Chicago as part of said improvemerit will be actually undertaken and completed by said city." The work referred to in this act which is to be undertaken by" the city is the construction of municipal freight and passenger piers just north of the mouth of the river, to be known as city harbor district No. 1. The conditions thus imposed were met to the satisfaction of the Secretary of War June 5, 1914, and construction of Pier No. 2 (292 by 3,000 feet) was begun on March 13, 1914, and completed in May, 1916, at a cost of $3,508,517. The funds were derived from a bond issue by the city of Chicago. The city council of Chicago passed an ordinance on February 5, 1920, authorizing and directing the mayor and city clerk to convey to the United States a piece of filled land adjoining the North Pier approximately 100 by 500 feet for office, warehouse, and dock pur- poses in connection with local river and harbor work. This con- veyance has been executed and has been confirmed by the State of Illinois. Terminal facilities.-The outer harbor terminals consist of three slips, one opening off from the main river and two opening off from the inner basin (one under construction); wharves fronting on the river itself, and a municipal pier extending into the outer basin from the lake front at the outer end of Grand Avenue. RIVERS AND HARBORS--CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1429 The slips, together with the river frontage, provide about 14,200 linear feet of wharfage which is used by various steamboat lines, lighterage companies, warehouses, coal yards, etc., all privately owned and operated, except 170 linear feet reservation owned by the United States Lighthouse Department, and about 1,500 feet owned by the Navy Department. The municipal pier, 3,000 feet long, was built by the city of Chi- cago, and a small portion of its berthing and warehouse space has been leased by the city to various transportation companies for local package-freight and passenger business. It is not equipped with freight-handling devices and has no rail connections, although such could easily be provided. It possesses excellent warehouse accommo- dations on top levels (770,000 square feet) and first-class approaches for teams, trucks, and trolleys. The outer harbor facilities are not entirely adequate for existing commerce. The municipal pier should be provided with freight-han- dling devices and rail connections, and its north side should be pro- tected from seas arising within the outer basin. (For a full de- scription of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Transportation by water through this harbor has been greatly facilitated. The improvement has provided protection to the entrance to the inner harbor in the Chicago River and to the outer harbor established by the city of Chicago, and has reduced freight rates on a number of commodities, notably coal. Should the probable connection between the Great Lakes and other navigable waterways be made, it is believed the economic benefits to the community would be greatly enhanced. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Under the contract dated July 2, 1921, for completion of the south arm of exterior break- water in concrete caisson construction (1,188 linear feet, 42 feet of connecting rubble mound, new work) the work was completed with the exception of the rubble-mound connection. Eight caissons con- structed by the Milwaukee district were delivered to the contractor. In connection with this work there was constructed on the extreme south end of the structure a special concrete foundation for a light tower, its cost to be repaid by the Bureau of Lighthouses. Investigations and inspections were made in connection with Sec- retary of War permits. The harbor was patrolled to prevent viola- tions of the laws for the protection of the navigable waters of the United States, particularly in reference to encroachments and the prevention of pollution. . The total expenditures were $113,347.71, of which $107,407.19 was for new work and $5,940.52 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is practically completed. The inner breakwaters (timber), completed in 1874 and 1880, respectively, are in fair condition; the exterior breakwater (timber, completed in 1889) is in fair condition but is beginning to break up; the shore arm (timber, 2,250 feet, completed in 1917) is in good condition; the southerly extension (ruble mound, 2,270 feet, completed in 1917) is in good condition, except that some of the deck stones has disintegrated; the south arm of this extension (rubble mound), 1,500 feet, completed in 1920, and concrete caisson, 1,188 feet, completed in 1923, is in good condition; the north pier (concrete 1430 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. superstructure, completed in 1907) is in good condition, except that the pile protection on its river face is fast rotting away above water; the south pier (concrete superstructure, completed in 1917) is in good condition. The controlling depth is 21 feet, based on soundings taken in the spring of 1923, and referred to low-water datum, the water surface at present being somewhat above that datum during the sea- son of navigation. The total expenditures under the existing project have been: For new work, $3,381,091.05; for maintenance, $504,844.23; total, $3,885,- 935.28. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended July 1, 1923: Repairs to rubble-mound breakwater (maintenance) ---- ________$12, 000. 00 fliprapping timber breakwater (maintenance) ---------- 12, 000. 00 Construction of office building at Chicago (maintenance)------- 8, 000. 00 Construction of derrick scow (maintenance) 000. 00 1--------------------3, Construction of tug (maintenance) ---------------------------- 5, 500. 00 Surveys (maintenance) ------------ 00 000----- Inspection and supervision to prevent illegal dumping, encroach- ments, and other infractions of laws for the protection of naviga- ble waters (maintenance) __ -__--------------- 1, 500.00 Engineering, industrial and commercial surveys, office expenses, and contingencies----- ---------------------------- 5, 915. 32 Payment of liabilities and contract obligations July 1, 1923-- 34, 594. 23 Total -------------------------------------------- 93, 509. 55 It is expected that repairs to breakwaters and construction of float- ing plant and office building will be done in the summer and winter of 1923; the remainder of the work will be done in the fall and winter of 1924. It is expected that these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. Additional repairs to the superstructures of the breakwaters will be required. Portions of the timber superstructures are decayed and are liable to be displaced by storms at any time. Such breaches when they occur should be repaired promptly to prevent further damage. The amount that can be profitably expended prior to June 30, 1925, in aldition to the work to be done with the funds unexpended, is as follows : Emergency dredging (maintenance) -------------- $5, 000 Repairs to rubble-mound breakwater (maintenance) ---------------- 5, 000 Emergency repairs to timber breakwaters (maintenance) ------------- 5, 000 Surveys (maintenance) _____--- __----------------------___ 1, 000 Inspection and supervision to prevent illegal dumping, encroachments, and other infractions of laws for the protection of navigable waters (maintenance) --------------------------- 1, 500 * Engineering, industrial and commercial surveys, office expenses and con- tingencies ------------- ------------------- --------------- 2, 500 Total --------- --------------------------------- 20, 000 The so-called " main exterior breakwater," 5,413 feet long, was built in 1889 of timber throughout. While repairs have been made to this structure from time t6 time, the superstructure is approaching the end of its life, and repairs are increasingly necessary. In a very few years it will be necessary to begin its renewal in concrete. Commercial statistics.-The Chicago Harbor improvement, being as yet mainly useful as an entrance to Chicago River and a protec- RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1431 tion to same, most of its commerce is identical with that of the river, the basin portion being used almost exclusively as an anchorage ground by yachts and other small craft, and the berthing accommo- dations at the municipal pier in the outer harbor being as yet but little used except for passenger business. The draft of loaded boats ranges from 14 to 19.4 feet. About 30 per cent of the tonnage car- ried is at the lighter draft mentioned. The lake commerce through Chicago Harbor, mostly entering Chicago River, during the calendar year 1922 consisted principally of miscellaneous merchandise, coal, lumber, and grain. Attention is invited to the fact that Calumet Harbor and Calumet River afford additional harbor facilities within the city of Chicago and are treated of elsewhere in this report. Fol- lowing is a statement of the commerce through Chicago Harbor for the past five years: Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918......... 1,925,633 $202,214,032 722 633 1921......... 2,632,343 $143,896,106 1,368,850 1919......... 1,631620 167,500,565 1,075,606 1922........ 2,857,521 209,469,607 1,317,212 1920........... 1 527 265 163,411,953 971,846 The unusual increase in tonnage during 1921 was due to the col- lapse of the largest grain elevator on the Calumet River, which diverted a large portion of the grain traffic through Chicago Harbor. The increased .tonnage in 1922 consisted principally of grain for export and unclassified freight. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after de- ,ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2,592: New work---------------------------------------------- $3, 827, 096. 05 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 504, 844. 23 Net total expended ----------------------------- 4,331,940. 28 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------4, 425, 449. 83 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ $19,908.90 $24, 004.25 $252, 303.21 $147, 771.74 $107, 407. 19 Expended for maintenance 1.... 8, 835.68 7, 245. 91 7,028.24 31, 499.96 5,940.52 Total expended 1........... 28, 744.58 31,250.16 259,331.45 179,271.70 113, 347.71 Appropriated or allotted................................... ............ 40, 000.00 ....... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended_ ___-____----_ $206, 686. 97 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923---------------- 170. 29 206, 857. 26 1 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work---------------------------- $107,407. 19 For maintenance----------------------------- 5, 940. 52 113, 347. 71 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------------------- 93, 509. 55 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1432 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities---------------- $2, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 32, 594.23 $34, 594. 23 July 1, 1923, balance available---------- -------------------- 58, 915. 32 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project - --------------------------------- 200, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance __----- ___- __----- 120, 000. 00 3. CHICAGO RIVER, ILL. (A2.) Location and description.-Cook and Lake Counties, Ill., the navi- gable portions being wholly in Cook County and the city of Chicago. The main river is formed by the junction of the North and South Branches at a point 0.7 mile west of Rush Street, the dividing line between the harbor and river projects, and about 1.6 miles west of the river entrance. The North Branch rises in Lake County and flows southeasterly for about 24 miles; the South Branch rises in the southern part of Cook County and extends northeasterly for about 10 miles. Chicago River, a nontidal stream, drains an area of about 300 square miles. Geographically speaking, it flows into Lake Michi- gan but actually it discharges into the Sanitary Canal (the current having been reversed in 1901) at the rate of nearly 9,000 cubic feet per second. The current varies from 0 to 3 miles or more, according to conditions of rainfall, amount of diversion, and seiches. The fall per mile is about 0.32 foot and the average width 200 feet. The lengths of the sections included in the project total 3.96 miles. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 753.) Original condition.-The river, as a result of municipal and pri- vate improvements, was navigable for boats of about 14-foot draft over widths of about 200 feet throughout the main river, and for boats of 12-foot draft for lesser widths for about 5 miles farther up each of the branches. Belmont Avenue was the head of navigation on the North Branch and Ashland Avenue on the South Branch. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, modified by acts of March 3, 1899, June 13, 1902, and March 2, 1907, and superseded by act of March 2, 1919. The amount expended prior to adoption of the existing project in 1919 was $955,885.87 for new work and $109,462.55 for maintenance, a total of $1,065,348.42. For further details of previous projects see page 1942 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for maintenance dredging to 21 feet below the hydraulic grade line corresponding to low-water datum 2 in Lake Michigan of the Main River from Rush Street to the junction of the North and South Branches (0.70 mile) ; the North Branch from the junction to North Avenue (2.22 miles); the North Branch Canal (1.04 miles); and the North Branch Turning Basin, the channels and turning basin to be maintained to project depth to 1 Exclusive of available funds. All depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, with due allowance reaching a maximum of 2 feet at Ashland Avenue, for hydraulic grade resulting from the open drainage canal. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1433 within 20 feet of existing docks.1 The estimate of the cost of this maintenance work, made in 1919, is $10,000 annually. The length in miles of the navigable portions of the river are as follows: Miles. Main river from Rush Street to junction of North and South Branches___ 0. 70 South Branch and West Fork to Ashland Avenue ------.------ 4. 08 South Fork of South Branch to Chicago Junction Railway bridges (east and west arms) - ---------------- --------------------- 1. 59 North Branch to Belmont Avenue----------- -------------- 5. 14 North Branch Canal (Goose Island Cut-off) ------------ 1. 04 Total-------------------------------------------12. 55 Fluctuations in stage are practically those resulting from changes of water level in Lake Michigan. On Lake Michigan seasonal fluc- tuations in mean stage from low water in winter to high water in summer average about 1.2 feet. Local and temporary fluctuations of 0.1 to 0.5 of a foot, due to wind and difference in barometric pressures, occur daily. Seiches of 3 to 4 feet occur at infrequent intervals. The estimate of cost for new work (made in 1899) is $810,600, ex- clusive of amount expended on previous project. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for the present channel depth; the act of March 2, 1907, was interpreted by the Chief of Engineers on April 11, 1908, as adopting the new work of the then existing project (H. Doc. No. 95, 56th Cong., 1st sess.) ; and the act of March 2, 1919, which eliminated all work except mainte- nance of those portions described (H. Doc. No. 1294, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1914, opposite page 2928. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-In adopting the 21-foot project the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, prescribed that all the work of re- moving and reconstructing bridges and piers and lowering tunnels necessary to permit a practicable channel of said depth to be ob- tained should be done, or caused to be done, by the city of Chicago without expense to the United States. The alteration of the tunnels was made the subject of special legislation in an act approved April 27, 1904. The tunnels have been lowered and the most obstructive bridges have been modified. The funds for lowering the tunnels were supplied by the traction company using them and those for re- moving or modifying obstructive bridges by the city of Chicago and owners of the bridges jointly. Cost of this tunnel and bridge work is not available. Terminal facilities.-In the Chicago River and its branches there is a total wharfage, including numerous slips, of about 150,000 feet, about one-half of which is used by private interests for shipping pur- poses. These terminals are owned and operated by steamboat lines, grain, coal, and lumber companies, and various other industries. They are more than adequate in extent-for existing commerce, but (except grain elevators and some coal-handling plants) are not mechanically 1The width of channel in main river varies from 200 to 300 feet; in North Branch from 50 to 150 feet; and in the North Branch Canal from 70 to 110 feet. 1434 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. equipped. There are no public docks, wharves, or other terminal facilities on the main river or its branches. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The size and capacity of steamers opera- ating in the river have increased, and all vessels have been enabled to move with greater freedom and safety. On the other hand, due to urban requirements, there has been a continual introduction of new bridges and of more or less obstructive currents for sewage convey- ance. The effect of these obstructions is cumulative, and commerce upon the river is decreasing, but it is believed that probable improve- ments of waterways connecting the Great Lakes with other water- ways will be followed by renewed usefulness of the Chicago River through use of lighters. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-A work shop of steel construction, 24 by 72 feet, was built on Government property at North Branch turning basin and about 525 linear feet of pile pro- tection to dock wall at this locality was repaired (maintenance). The floating plant was repaired; all work was done by hired labor and use of Government plant. Investigations and inspections were made in connection with Secretary of War permits. The river was patrolled to prevent violations of the laws for the protection of the navigable waters of the United States, particularly in reference to encroachments, re- moval of sunken vessels, and the repair of dilapidated docks and bridge protections. The total expenditures were $10,064.41, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1914. The controlling depths are: In main river, 21 feet; in North Branch, and canal, 19 to 20 feet; although for most of its length there is a midchannel depth of 21 feet, based on soundings taken in June, 1923, and referred to low water datum, the water surface at present being somewhat above that datum during the season of navigation. The heads of navigation for commercial ves- sels are Belmont Avenue on north branch and Ashland Avenue on south branch, 5.85 and 6.63 miles, respectively, from Michigan Avenue Bridge. The total expenditures under the existing project have been: For new work; $544,678.70; for maintenance, $208,107.81; total $752,- 786.51. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended July 1, 1923: Repairs to pile protection of dock wall, North Branch turning basin (maintenance) .--- ----- -------------- - - $5, 000. 00 Dredging (maintenance) ------------------------------------ 6, 000. 00 Construction of office building at Chicago (maintenance) ----- 8,000. 00 Construction of tug (maintenance) ----------------------- 2, 000. 00 Surveys (maintenance) -- ----------------------------------- 2, 000. 00 Inspection and supervision to prevent illegal dumping, encroachments, and other infractions of laws for the protection of navigable waters (maintenance) 500. 00 1------------------------ Engineering, industrial and commercial surveys, office expenses and contingencies -------------------------- 3, 339. 50 Payment of outstanding liabilities July 1, 1923------------------ 4, 500. 00 Total - ------- --------- - 32, 339. 50 RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1435 It is expected that the dredging and the construction of tug will be done in the summer of 1923. The construction of the office build- ing and repairs to pile protection will be done in the fall and winter of 1923. The remainder of the work will be completed by June 30, 1924. It is expected that these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. The amount that can be profitably expended prior to June 30, 1925, in addition to the work to be done with the funds unexpended, is as follows: Dredging (maintenance) --- _ _------------------------------$10, 000 Surveys (maintenance) _------- - -____________----- 2, 000 Inspection and supervision to prevent illegal dumping, encroachments, and other infractions of laws for the protection of navigable waters (maintenance) -------------------------------------------- 1, 500 Engineering, industrial and commercial surveys, office expenses and con- tingencies ----------- --------------------------------- 2, 000 Total ----------------------------------------------- 15, 500 Commercial statistics. The commerce of this river has been re- ported under the head of Chicago Harbor, with the commerce of which it is naturally a part. In addition to the lake commerce, there is a large local commerce carri d in the river by lighters, of which no official record is kept. The prevailing drafts of loaded boats range from 14 to 19 feet, about 30 per cent of the tonnage being carried on the lighter draft. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,739.15: New work ---------------------------------------- $1, 500, 564. 57 Maintenance-- ----------------------------------- 317, 570. 36 Net total expended_----------- 1, 818, 134. 93 Total appropriations to date of this report1------------------- , 850, 474. 43 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1....... ........... 691.17 .. 691.17.................................. Expended for maintenance 1..... $3, 484.03 $10, 667.24 $7, 560.81 11, 413.45 $10, 064. 41 Total expended 1.......... 3, 484.03 10, 667. 24 7, 560.81 12,104.62 10, 064.41 Appropriated or allotted......... .............. .. ................... .. ,00. 20, 000. 00 ........... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-------------------------- $42, 402. 25 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923____ 66 1.1______-- 42, 403. 91 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 110, 064.41 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -- ______- _________---_ 32, 339. 50 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities_____--------- 4, 500. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available_ __ _________ ______----27, 839. 50 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance-------------15, 500. 00 SNot deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2Exclusive of available funds. 1436 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 4. CALUMET HARBOR AND RIVER, ILL. AND IND. (A3.) Location and description.-NortheasternIllinois (Cook County), near the southern end of Lake Michigan, 12 miles south of Chicago Harbor, and known on the Great Lakes as South Chicago Harbor, it being within the corporate limits of the city of Chicago. A part of the breakwater and of the anchorage behind the same are in Indi- ana. Entrance to the river is between parallel piers on a southwest- erly course. A breakwater (timber) extends due east 4,463 feet from a point on the shore 3,000 feet northerly from river entrance, thence southeastwardly 2,460 feet, protecting the anchorage area of about 424 acres and the river entrance. Calumet River lies within the corporate limits of Chicago, in Cook County, Ill., and flows in a northerly direction into Lake Michigan. It is formed by the junction of the Little Calumet and Grand Calumet Rivers at a point about 7.12 miles south of the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway bridge, which is near the old shore line of Lake Michigan, but the section that is under general improvement extends from the mouth to and including Turning Basin No. 5 near " The Forks," where there is an entrance to Lake Calumet, a distance of 5.47 miles. The Little Calumet rises in Laporte County, Ind., and flows in turn westerly, northwesterly, and easterly for about 60 miles, it being a very crooked stream; the Grand Calumet rises in Lake County, Ind., and flows westerly for about 18 miles. This river drains an area of about 800 square miles. It is a nontidal stream. It discharges into Lake Michigan at the rate of about 40,000 cubic feet per minute at ordinary stage, and about 200,000 cubic feet per minute during fresh- ets of such extent as to be unusual and of short duration. The cur- rent in the main river is nominal; the current in the Little Calumet River is moderate except for brief periods during freshets, when it becomes rapid. In the Grand Calumet River the fluctuations are practically those resulting from changes of water level in Lake Michigan. The fall in the main river is negligible, and in the Grand Calumet practically none. In the Little Calumet River the fall is about 0.3 foot per mile between its source and Blue Island (about 6 miles above the junction) and about 0.1 foot per mile from Blue Island to the junction. The average width of the main river and of the Little Calumet River below Blue Island is about 200 feet and of the Grand Calumet River from 60 to 100 feet. Since the opening of the Sag Channel by the sanitary district of Chicago in 1922 the current in the main river and that portion of the Little Calumet between the main river and the Sag Channel has been reversed to- ward the Chicago Drainage Canal under normal conditions of flow, the amount of withdrawal being approximately 400 cubic feet per second. (See United States Lake Survey chart No. 754.) Original condition.-The lower end of Calumet River paralleled the shore of Lake Michigan and entered the lake about 3,200 feet south of its present mouth; this portion had a narrow and crooked channel averaging about 100 feet in width and from 4 to 7 feet in depth, and was practically useless for lake commerce. Before improvement of Calumet Harbor by the United States (1870) this river, while having a navigable channel about 100 feet wide and 13 feet deep for a length of about 4 miles, could not be reached from the lake by boats of over 4-foot draft because of the RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1437 bar across its mouth, and its commerce was practically nothing. When the improvement of the river began, in 1884, the harbor work at its mouth had rendered the river navigable at a 12-foot draft for 4 miles and at a 5-foot draft for 16 miles and 14 miles, respectively, up the Grand Calumet and the Little Calumet from the mouth of the river. The commerce at that time was, however, less than 500,000 tons annually. Previous projects.-The original project for Calumet Harbor was adopted by river and harbor act of July 11, 1870, modified by river and harbor act of August 11, 1888. Work was continued under these projects until 1896, the total expenditures being $454,484.53, the division between new work and maintenance not being available. The original project for Calumet River was adopted by river and harbor act of July 5, 1884, and modified by river and harbor act of August, 5, 1886. Under this original and modified project $446,718.98 was expended, of which $401,488.50 was for new work and $45,230.48 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1943 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the following work: (a) A breakwater (timber crib) 4,400 feet long, running from the shore due east, together with an extension of the same 2,500 feet long in a southeasterly direction. (b) Deepening of anchorage area (about 366 acres in extent) sheltered by breakwater to 21 feet depth.' (c) Extension of south pier (timber crib) 800 feet. (d) Deepening Calumet River entrance to 21 feet depth from the lake to the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway Co. bridge near the old shore line, the channel to be 200 feet wide at the surface and 160 wide at the bottom at the inner end, and widened at the outer end. (e) A channel 200 feet in width, with 202 feet navigable depth from the mouth of the river at the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway bridge, near the old shore line of Lake Michigan, to the forks (5.47 miles), with five turning basins located at intervals between these points. The turning basins above the one nearest the mouth to be of such shape and dimensions as will enable a vessel 650 feet in length to turn with ease, and the turning basin at the forks to have a water surface diameter of 750 feet. Fluctuations in stage of the river are practically those resulting from changes of water level in Lake Michigan. On Lake Michigan seasonal fluctuations in mean stage from low water in winter to high water in summer average about 1.2 feet. Local and temporary fluctuations of 0.1 to 0.5 of a foot, due to wind and difference in barometric pressures, occur daily. Seiches of 3 to 4 feet occur at infrequent intervals. The estimates of cost for new work, Calumet Harbor, revised in 1919, was $1,173,000, and for new work, Calumet River, revised in 1920, was $1,095,500, a total for the combined project of $2,268,500, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1905) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance of the river is $10,000. No estimate of cost for annual maintenace of the harbor has been made. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899 (Annual Report for 1896, pp. 2584 et seq., and H. Doc. 1 Low-water datum for Lake Michigan (see report Chicago Harbor), to which all depths at this harbor are referred. 2 In order to give a navigable depth of 20 feet, the estimates provide for dredging to a depth of 21 feet (low-water datum for Lake Michigan) below One hundred and twenty- second Street. and 21.5 feet above that point. 1438 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. No. 277, 54th Cong., 1st sess.), and amended by the Secretary of War on July 11, 1902, under authority of the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. The act of March 3, 1905, provided for the present channel dimen- sions between the mouth of the river and One hundred and twenty- second Street, 4.2 miles, and for the five turning basins (H. Doc. No. 172, 58th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the present dimensions of the channel between One hundred and twenty- second Street and The Forks, and of the turning basin adjoining the upper limit of the project at " The Forks" (H. Doc. No. 349, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The widening of the outer end of the entrance channel was author- ized by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 237, 63d Cong., 1st sess.). The act of September 22, 1922, consolidated the two projects for Calumet Harbor and Calumet River to form a single project for Calumet Harbor and Calumet River, Ill. and Ind. The latest pub- lished maps appear opposite pages 2930 and 2932, Annual Report for 1914. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The act of March 3, 1905, required as a condi- tion precedent to Federal expenditure upon any one of the five turn- ing basins the donation to the United States of the land necessary for that turning basin. As a result the land needed for turning basins Nos. 1, 3, and 5 has been conveyed to the United States. The total area thus conveyed is 17.85 acres, and the value of the land at the time of its conveyance was approximately $35,700. Terminal facilities.-All terminal facilities on the lake front and in the entrance channel up to the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway bridge are owned and operated by the Illinois Steel Co. and the Iroquois Iron Co., except a 450 linear-foot reservation owned by the Engineer Department. The Illinois Steel Co.'s terminals consist of two slips, one 2,900 feet long, opening inland from the lake front adjacent to the shore end of the breakwater, and one about 1,300 feet long opening inland from the harbor entrance channel. It also owns about 2,500 feet of wharfage along the lake front protected by the breakwater. The wharf of the Iroquois Iron Co., about 1,400 feet long, is located 50 feet back of and parallel to the face of the old south pier. These terminals are fully equipped and are considered ad- equate for existing commerce. Between the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway bridge and "The Forks" there is about 45,800 feet of wharfage, including 14 slips and dry docks, of which about 31,300 feet is in use. These wharves are owned and operated by various private and industrial concerns handling ore, coal, grain, lumber, etc. About 3,600 feet is in use for shipbuilding purposes. The ore, grain, and coal wharves are fully equipped and are considered adequate for existing commerce. There are no public wharves on the Calumet River. A permit for the creation of an industrial harbor in Calumet Lake was issued to the city of Chicago by the Secretary of War on December 16, 1922. No work has been done on this development to the present time. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1489 Effect of improvement.-Transportationby water has been greatly facilitated. This harbor affords cheap freight rates to a large num- ber of industrial plants, elevators, and coal docks, many of which are dependent for their existence upon the facilities the harbor affords. There is a marked differential in favor of this harbor over Chicago Harbor proper in freights on water-borne commerce, mainly due to congestion and obstructions in the Chicago River. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Work of rebuilding the superstructure of the breakwater in concrete by. hired labor and use of Government plant was continued (maintenance). About 1,675 linear feet of old superstructure was removed, 1,475 linear feet were completed in concrete, including a special concrete foundation for the reconstructed lighthouse at the extreme south end of the breakwater, the cost of which is to be repaid by the Bureau of Light- houses. Total length of new superstructure is now 3,650 feet, leaving 3,050 feet to be done. Under contract dated June 13, 1922, dredging of the channel be- tween One hundred and fourteenth and One hundred and twenty- second Streets (maintenance) was completed by removal of 118,921 cubic yards of material, by which the project depth of 21 feet was restored throughout that section. Investigations and inspections were made in connection with Sec- retary of War permits. The harbor and river were patrolled to pre- vent violations of the laws for the protection of the navigable waters of the United States, particularly in reference to encroachments, the prevention of pollution, the removal of sunken vessels, and the repair of dilapidated docks and bridge protections. The total expenditures were $123,191.19, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 96 per cent completed. The breakwater (completed in 1904) is in good condition under water and the concrete superstructure is in good con- dition; the remaining timber superstructure is in bad condition and subject to damage in severe storms; the north pier superstructure (completed in 1883) is in a dilapidated condition, but all except 400 feet of it forms a frontage to the Illinois Steel Co.'s plant, although that company has declined the use and maintenance of the pier. The south pier (completed in 1897) is being removed by the Iroquois Iron Co. and the frontage rebuilt in concrete under permit from the Sec- retary of War, dated March 11, 1910, as amended by supplementary permit dated March 30, 1923; about 1,977 feet of the 2,661 feet length authorized has been rebuilt. The entrance channel and the anchorage area (completed in 1903) are in good condition. The controlling depths are 21 feet from the lake to the Northwestern Railroad elevator at One hundred and twenty-second Street (41 miles from the mouth of the river) and 18 feet thence up to and including turning basin No. 5 at " The Forks " (14 miles), based on soundings taken in May, 1923, and referred to low-water datum, the water surface at present being somewhat above that datum during the season of navigation. The river channel, originally 200 feet wide, has been materially narrowed by deposits, mostly of. very soft ma- terial, which hinders but does not prohibit the passage of vessels. The head of navigation for commercial vessels is "The Forks," the present limit of governmental improvement. The work remaining 61637--EN 1928----91 1440 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. to be done to complete the project is the construction of turning basins Nos. 2 and 4, which awaits the ceding to the United States, free of cost, of the land needed therefor. The total expenditures under the existing project have been: For new work, $1,947,308.07; for maintenance, $815,222.80; total, $2,762,- 530.87. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended July 1, 1923: Rebuilding breakwater superstructure in concrete (maintenance)- $86, 500. 00 Construction of office building at Chicago (maintenance) Construction of derrick scow (maintenance) ------------------- 20, 000. 00-------- 16, 000. 00 Construction of tug (maintenance) --------------------------- 7, 000.00 Surveys (maintenance) ------------------------------------ 2, 500. 00 Inspection and supervision to prevent illegal dumping, encroach- ments, and other infractions of laws for the protection of navi- gable 'waters (maintenance) ---- , 000. 00 1-------------------- Engineering, industrial and commercial surveys, office expenses, and contingencies ------------------------------------ 4, 905. 36 Payment of liabilities and contract obligations July 1, 1923------ 97, 479. 24 Total-----------------------------------------245, 384. 60 It is expected that rebuilding of the superstructure will be done during the summer of 1923 and spring of 1924. Floating plant will be constructed during the summer and fall of 1923, and the office building in the fall and winter of same year. The remainder of the work will be completed by June 30, 1924. It is expected that these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. About 1,200 linear feet of the timber superstructure of the break- water is in need of immediate repairs and should be rebuilt in con- crete as soon as funds are provided therefor. The amount that can be profitably expended for work proposed to be done prior to June 30, 1925, in addition to the work to be done with funds available, is as follows: Rebuilding 1,200 feet of breakwater superstructure in concrete, at $80 (maintenance) --------------------------------------- $96, 000 Emergency dredging (maintenance) ----------------------------- 10, 000 Surveys (maintenance) --------------- ------------------------ 2, 500 Inspection and supervision to prevent illegal dumping, encroachments, and other infractions of laws for the protection of navigable waters (maintenance) ---------------------------------------- 1, 000 Engineering, industrial and commercial surveys, office expenses, and contingencies--------------------------------------------- 11, 500 Total ------------ --------------- ------------------ 121, 000 The breakwater, 6,900 feet long, was built in 1904 of timber throughout. While timber repairs have been made to the super- structure from time to time, portions of it have fallen into decay and the remainder is fast approaching the end of its usefulness. The rebuilding of this superstructure in concrete was begun in 1919 and about 3,650 feet has been completed. It is necessary that this work be continued until the entire superstructure is replaced in concrete. Commercial statistics.-The maximum loaded draft of vessels using the outer harbor is 21 feet. The maximum loaded draft of vessels using the river is 20 feet. The commerce of the calendar year 1922 consisted principally of coal, grain, and iron ore. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1441 Following is a statement of the commerce through Calumet Har- bor for the past five years: Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918....................... 10,594,123 $124,518,226 1921............ ...... 6,215,989 $72, 649,687 1919 ................... 8,574542 115, 981559 1922............ ..... 9,680 155 92, 091, 902 1920...................... 10392490 96,869,81 Passengers, none. The decrease in tonnage during 1919 was due to the cessation in the demand for steel for war munitions, and the strike of the ore- boat crews the latter part of .the season. The decrease in 1921 was due to the restricted operations of the steel mills and the collapse of the largest grain elevator on the Cal- umet River and temporary diversion of a large portion of the grain traffic. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $399.90: New work--------------------------------------- $2, 803, 281. 10 Maintenance -------------------------------------- 860, 453. 28 Net total expended__--------- ___- __-________- __ 3, 663, 734. 38 Total appropriations to date of this report----- ____-- __ 3, 909, 118.98 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1............. 2,228. 58 $52, 433.06 $172, 552. 10 Expended for maintenance 1..... $20, 236.39 44, 744. 17 187, 878.98 102, 720. 34 $123, 191.19 1. . . . . . . . . . Total expended 20,236.39 46,972.75 240, 312.04 275, 272.44 123,191.19 Appropriated or allotted......... 238,170.00 130,000.00 211,000.00 152, 000.00 160, 000. 04 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ------- _---- ---- $208, 378. 17 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923---- 000. 00 1--------------------------- Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923------------- 197. 62 368, 575.79 June 30,1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance'_ 123. 191. 19 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------------------- _ _ 245, 384. 60 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities -- ____________ $8, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts__ 89, 479. 24 97, 479.24 July 1, 1923, balance available--- 1------------------- -147. 905. 36- Amount that can be profitable expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance------------------------ 121, 000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1442 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 5. INDIANA HARBOR, IND. (A4.) Location and description.-Northwestern Indiana (Lake County), on southwest shore of Lake Michigan, 18 miles southeast of Chicago Harbor. This is an entirely artificial harbor, consisting of an outer harbor and an inner harbor channel, the dividing line being at the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway bridge, the outer of a group of five railroad bridges crossing the channel near the old shore line. The outer harbor is about 3,200 feet long and 300 to 350 feet wide between solid fills owned by private interests, and includes, for purposes of improvement, the channel connecting it with deep water in the lake. The inner harbor channel, known as the Indiana Harbor Canal, is projected by private interests to be 3.5 miles long from the outer harbor to the Grand Calumet River, with an arm 1.5 miles long to Lake George. This private enterprise.is causing to be deeded to the United States easements upon lands required for the projected har- bor. A northerly rubble-mound breakwater about 3,700 feet long, completed in 1922, and an easterly concrete-caisson breakwater about 3,024 feet long, now under construction, will protect an area of about 262 acres from north and northeast seas. Assurance having been given, in the form of a contract for construction, that the lake face of the authorized fill will be completed from the harbor entrance to the inner end of the northerly arm of breakwater, the necessity for a shore arm at that location no longer exists. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 754.) Original condition.-Priorto 1910, when the United States as- sumed charge of the harbor, two piers had been constructed 300 feet apart, extending into Lake Michigan from about 500 feet inside the shore line, and the area between them dredged to a depth of 21 feet by private enterprise, which had also done considerable excavation of the inner harbor channel. Previous project.-The original project, included in the present project, was adopted by river and harbor act of June 25, 1910. Ex- penditures: For new work, $60,667.41; for maintenance, $2,509.54; total, $63,176.95. For further details of previous project, see page 1943 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for: (a) An outer harbor 300 feet wide and 22 feet deep,' including entrance channel, gradually increasing in width and depth toward lake. (b) Maintenance of inner harbor channel 20 feet deep and 80 feet wide on the bottom from outer harbor to the Grand Calumet River, and about 5,232 feet of the extension toward Lake George, except the removal of sewage and other city refuse, after completion and acceptance from private parties. (c) The construction of a northerly rubble-mound breakwater 3,700 feet long and an easterly reinforced concrete-caisson breakwater 3,024 feet long, the construction and placing of a lighthouse crib, and dredging the breakwater entrance. The United States has accepted as completed and assumed the maintenance of 7,400 feet of the main inner channel and 900 feet of the extension toward Lake George. Seasonal fluctuations in mean stage from low water in winter to high water in summer average about 1.2 feet. Local and temporary fluctuations of 0.1 to 0.5 of a foot, due to wind and difference in 1 The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Michigan, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. These depths correspond to depths of 20.9 and 18.9 feet, respectively, on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1443 barometric pressures, occur daily. Seiches of 3 to 4 feet occur at infrequent intervals. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1921, including cost of a caisson-building plant, is $1,800,000, exclusive of amount ex- pended on previous project. No estimate of cost for annual mainte- nance has been made. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the outer harbor and the maintenance of the inner harbor channel (H. Doc. No. 1113, 60th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 4, 1913, originally provided for the breakwaters (H. Doc. No. 690, 62d Cong., 2d sess.); the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the lighthouse crib, dredging the breakwater entrance, and for the present lengths and alignment of breakwaters (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 6, 65th Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of March 20, 1922, modified the length of channel to be main- tained in extension to Lake George (Public No. 176, 67th Cong.). The latest published map appears opposite page 2936, Annual Re- port for 1914. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, required that the channelway, owned by private interests, be deeded to and accepted by the United States. This condition was met to the satisfaction of the Secretary of War on October 28, 1910. The river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, contained the proviso " that before construction of breakwater is commenced satisfactory assur- ance will be given to the Secretary of War that the existing piers will be reconstructed and a suitable piublic dock or wharves provided by local parties without expense to the United States." The satis- faction of the Secretary of War with the fulfillment of these condi- tions was expressed on May 1, 1914. Subsequently under permits of the Secretary of War the piers previously mentioned were replaced by solid wharves, to be later surmounted by concrete superstructure. Terminal facilities.-There is now in existence or under construc- tion about 26,700 feet of wharfage, including that along those por- tions of the main channel and the extension toward Lake George not yet accepted by the United States. Of this amount about 5,100 feet along the outer harbor and the inner harbor channel is being used by steel, oil, and construction companies. The wharves now in use are fully equipped and are considered adequate for existing com- merce. The city of Indiana Harbor is the owner of two sites for municipal water terminals, 300 feet and 600 feet long, respectively, which have not yet been developed for use. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.--The improvement has provided good water transportation for a large industrial territory that was with- out such facilities, and information from industries located on this waterway indicates that a large water tonnage will develop upon completion of the proposed improvement. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Under contract dated September 25, 1919, for completion of north breakwater in rubble mound construction (new work), work was completed September 22, 1922. There was placed during the year 47,059 tons of stone, 1444 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. and under the contract a total of 154,500 tons. Total length of this breakwater is 3,700 feet, of which about 1,000 feet at the west end is of flat top section 9 feet above datum and the remaining portion is of round top section 5 feet above datum. Under contract dated November 13, 1922, for construction of 972 linear feet of east break- water (new work) using concrete caissons furnished by the United States and built by the Milwaukee District, a trench was dredged and filled with foundation stone for the entire length of the work; 2,905 tons of leveling stone was placed; 2 caissons were placed, filled and riprapped. Four caissons were constructed by the Mil- waukee District, and two of these were delivered to the contractor. Soundings were taken over the canal and portions of the entrance channel, and riprap was examined. Investigations and inspections were made in connection with Secretary of War permits. The harbor was patrolled to prevent vio- lations of the laws for the protection of the navigable waters of the United States, particularly in reference to encroachments. The total expenditures were $293,521.95, of which $288,368.84 was for new work and $5,153.11 was for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 66 per cent completed. The north breakwater (rubble mound) 3,700 feet long, is in good condition, except that a few stones in the west end have been displaced or disintegrated; the east breakwater (concrete caisson), 810 feet, completed in 1920, is in good condition. The entrance channel is in good condition, with full depth of 22 to 24 feet, and the canal is in fair condition with 20-foot depth over about 40 feet width, based on soundings taken in May and June, 1923, and referred to low water datum, the water surface at present being somewhat above that datum during the season of navigation. The head of navigation for commercial vessels is at the Fassett Street bridge on Lake George branch about 2 miles from the outer harbor. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is the con- struction of 2,214 linear feet of east breakwater (new work); 972 feet of which is now under contract, and maintenance of inner chan- nel if and as accepted from private parties. By act of Congress approved March 20, 1922 (Pub. No. 176, 67th Cong.) the length of channel to be maintained in extension toward Lake George was reduced to 5,232 feet. The total expenditures under the existing project have been: For new work, $1,030,817.12; for maintenance, $77,855.43; total, $1,108,- 672.55. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended July 1, 1923: Completing construction of easterly concrete caisson breakwater (new work) --------------- ----------------------------- $280, 000. 00 Dredging (maintenance) ------------- ----------------------- 9, 500.00 Construction of office building at Chicago (maintenance) -------- 7, 500. 00 Construction of tug (maintenance)---------------------------5, 500. 00 Surveys (maintenance) ------ ---------------------------- 1, 000. 00 Inspection and supervision to prevent illegal dumping, encroach- ments, and other infractions of laws for the protection of navi- gable waters (maintenance) -------------------------------- 500. 00 Engineering, industrial and commercial surveys, office expenses and contingencies ------ ------------------------- 25, 864. 54 Payment of liabilities and contract obligations July 1, 1923 ----- 165, 496. 14 Total _ ---------------------------- 495, 360. 68 RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1445 It is expected that the construction of the breakwater contem- plated above will be begun in November, 1923, and completed by June, 1925. The dredging will be done early in the spring of 1924. The tug will be constructed in the summer of 1923 and the office building in the fall and winter of 1923. It is expected that these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. An unexpended balance will probably be left on that' date, but will be covered by an uncom- pleted contract for the construction of the breakwater. The amount that can be profitably expended for work proposed to be done prior to June 30, 1925, in addition to the work to be d~one with the funds unexpended, is as follows: Dredging (maintenance) ----------------------------------- $10, 000 Repairs to rubble mound breakwater (maintenance) 1---------------0, 000 Surveys (maintenance) ----------- ---------------------------- 1, 000 Inspection and supervision to prevent illegal dumping, encroachments, and other infractions of laws for the protection of navigable waters (maintenance) ------------------------------------- --------- 500 Engineering, industrial and commercial surveys, office expenses and contingencies-- ----------------------------------------- 10, 000 Total ------------------------------------------------ 31,500 Commercial statistics.-The lake commerce for calendar year end- ing December 31, 1922, consisted of oil, iron ore, coal, and stone. The average loaded draft of the principal vessels using the outer harbor is 21.6 feet, with a maximum of 22 feet. The average loaded draft of the principal vessels using the inner harbor channel is 18.8 feet, with a maximum of 19.6 feet. Following is a statement of the commerce for the last five years: Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918 .................... 3, 098,692 $29,657,264 1921...................... 2,395,962 $32,711,248 1919...................... 2,752 105 37,154,025 1922. ........................ 2,890,558 38,111,845 1920..................... 3,146,159 48,021,090 The increased tonnage in 1922 is due to an increase in the demand for iron and steel products. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $101.91: New work -------------- ----------- ----- $1, 091, 484. 53 Maintenance -------------- ------------------------- 80, 364. 97 Net total expended -------------------------------- 1, 171, 849. 50 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------1,667, 210. 18 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1 . . . . . . . Expended for new work . $45, 159.51 $108,610.45 $161,764.58 $117, 136.47 $288, 368. 84 Expended for maintenance 1...... 4, 375.90 9,816.75 14,090.94 3, 681.27 5,153.11 Total expended 1.......... 49,355.41 118,427.20 175,855.52 120, 817.74 293,521.95 ............. Appropriated or allotted......... ............................ 200,000.00 217,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1446 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended --------------------- $571,880.63 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923---------- ------------------- 217,000.00 Receipts from sales ,etc., during fiscal year 1923 .----- 2. 00 788, 882. 63 June 80, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year. For new work ------------------------- $288,368.84 For maintenance ----------------------- 5, 153. 11 293, 521. 95 July 1, 1923 ,balance unexpended ------------------------- _ 495,360. 68 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities -$72, 099. 80 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts ------------------------ ----------- 93, 396. 34 165, 496. 14 July 1, 1923, balance available 329, 864. 54 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for comple- tion of existing project ----------------------- 2279, 000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance----- ------- ---- 31, 500. 00 6. MICHIGAN CITY HARBOR, IND. (AS.) Location and description.-Northwestern Indiana (Laporte County), on the southeasterly shore of Lake Michigan, 38 miles in a southeasterly direction from Chicago Harbor. The harbor includes the entrance to Trail Creek on a general southeasterly course between piers,, 1,470 and 2,300 feet long, respectively, protected by a detached breakwater 1,304 feet long; a channel to the Lake Erie & Western Railroad bridge (about 2 miles above the outer end of west pier), varying from 260 to 100 feet in width; and an outer basin (about 35 acres in extent), formed by an east breakwater 1,411 feet long and an old east pier 1,225 feet long. The outer basin can only be used by small craft, the only opening being 15 feet wide. The upper portion of the channel has shoaled so as to be without practical value. See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 75. Original condition.--The only harbor at this place was within the mouth of Trail Creek; the depth over the bar outside the entrance was about 9 feet, and at the entrance to the creek a shoal and crooked stream, 3J feet or less. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by river and harbor act of July 4, 1836, and work was continued under this proj- ect until 1870, total expenditures being $287,388.97, the division be- tween new work and maintenance not being available. For further details of previous project see page 1943 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a detached breakwater, east and west entrance piers, an outer harbor or basin protected by an " east breakwater" and an " old east pier", (all of timber-crib con- struction), and a dredged channel 15 feet deep, 8 120 to 150 feet wide and about 2 miles long, from the Lake Erie & Western Railroad bridge to the outer end of the westerly harbor pier, together with three turning basins, and maintenance. I Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. SExclusive of available funds. * Low-water datum for Lake Michigan (see report Chicago Harbor). RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1447 Seasonal fluctuations in mean stage from low water in winter to high water in summer average about 1.2 feet. Local and temporary fluctuations of 0.1 to 0.5 of a foot due to wind and difference in barometric pressures occur daily. Seiches of 3 to 4 feet occur at in- frequent intervals. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1908, is $1,153,154.66, exclusive of amount expended on previous project. No estimate of cost for annual maintenance has been made. The existing project is based on the following reports and river and harbor acts: The " east breakwater " and " old east pier " inclos- ing the outer basin were based on the recommendations of a board of engineers as published in Annual Report for 1870. The original entrance piers were constructed prior to the project of 1870. The east pier was extended in accordance with reports of boards of engi- neers as published on pages 2187-2189, Annual Report for 1881; pages 2264-2266, Annual Report for 1882; and in accordance with river and harbor act of March 3, 1899. The west pier as at present located and the present entrance-channel dimensions were authorized by joint resolution of Congress approved May 13, 1908 (Public, No. 23). The upper limit of the inner channel is in accordance with the Annual Report for 1882. The act of March 3, 1899, provided for the detached breakwater in accordance with the report published on pages 2903-2904, Annual Report for 1897; the act of March 3, 1905, provided for the lower turning basin. The latest published map ap- pears opposite page 2938, Annual Report for 1914. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of April 16, 1921, the Chief of Engineers recommended the abandonment of the old east breakwater, the old east pier, and 2,900 feet of the upper end of Trail Creek channel. (See H. Doc. No. 20, 67th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1867, contained the following item: SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That the appropriation of $75,000 for con- structing works and improving the entrance into the harbor of Michigan City, Indiana, made in and by the act approved June 23, 1866, shall be expended for the purpose aforesaid, upon the terms and in the manner hereinafter pro- vided for other apprqpriations under this act: Provided, That it shall be first shown to the satisfaction of the Secretary of War that the sum of $100,000 has been expended by the Michigan City Harbor Company in the construction of a safe and convenient harbor at that place. The details of the work done under the provisions of the act above cited are not available, but that the conditions imposed were satis- factorily met is evidenced by the following extract from Annual Report for 1876 (pp. 26 and 27): The Michigan City Harbor Co., having made a satisfactory exhibit of their expenditures to the amount of $100,000, Major Wheeler, in a letter to the Chief of Engineers, dated June 24, 1867, recommended that the Government appro- priation of $75,000 be made available. This was approved, and arrangements were made for the prosecution of the improvement. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities at this harbor consist of about 15,000 feet of wharfage, about 2,000 feet of which is owned by the city. About 3,000 feet is in use. The terminal facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) 1448 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Effect of improvement.-Transportation by water through this harbor has been facilitated. No definite information as to effect of the improvement on water rates is obtainable, but it is known that in a general way the improvement has a tendency to reduce local rates between Michigan City and Chicago. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Repairs to the super structure of the detached breakwater were made by day labor. One hundred linear feet of timber superstructure was torn out and 80 linear feet was rebuilt in concrete. Minor repairs were made by replacing damaged timbers in other portions of the breakwater and in the east pier. Soundings were taken over the harbor and' Trail Creek, and riprap was examined. Investigations and inspections were made in connection with Secretary of War permits. The harbor was patroled to prevent violations of the laws for the pro- tection of the navigable waters of the United States, particularly in reference to encroachments. The total expenditures were $8,609.79, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 96.6 per cent completed. The old east breakwater and east pier (timber, completed in 1884 and 1874, respectively) are in bad con- dition, the east pier having practically disappeared above water; the detached breakwater (timber, completed in 1903 to a length of 1,304 feet, 100 feet of concrete superstructure completed in 1911) is in very bad condition above water as to timber, but good as to concrete; the east and west entrance piers (timber, completed in 1902 and 1909, respectively) are in good condition except that the top planking is in bad repair. The controlling depths are: From the lake to Franklin Street bridge, 16 feet; thence to Michigan Central Railroad bridge, 15 feet; thence to Sixth Street bridge, 12 feet; thence to the electric railway tunnel (about 4,400 feet above Franklin Street bridge), 9 feet, based on soundings taken in April, 1923, and referred to low water datum, the water surface at present being somewhat above that datum during the season of navigation. The head of navigation for commercial vessels is the electric railway terminal above which the depths are sufficient for small launches only. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is the con- struction of 200 linear feet of the detached brbakwater and the dredging of 1,300 linear feet of the channel at its upper end. The total expenditures under the existing project have been: For new work, $1,113,654.66;' for maintenance, $535,377.47; total, $1,649,032.13. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended July 1, 1923: Breakwater, riprapping and repairing (maintenance)------------ $10, 800. 00 Dredging (maintenance) ----------------------------------- 10, 000.00 Construction of office'building at Chicago (maintenance) ---------- 3, 000. 00 Construction of tug (maintenance) -------------------------- 1, 000. 00 Survey Surveys (mainenance __ (maintenance) _-------------------------------------- 500. 00 500 Inspection and supervision to prevent illegal dumping, encroach- ments, and other infractions of laws for the protection of navi- gable waters (maintenance) --------------------------------- 500. 00 Engineering, industrial and commercial surveys, office expenses and contingencies ------- -------------------------- 3, 412. 67 Payment of outstanding liabilities July 1, 1923_----- 2, 500. 00 Total---- ---------------------- 31, 712. 67 RIVERS AND HARBORS---CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1449 It is expected that the dredging and repairs to breakwater will be done in the spring of 1924. The tug will be constructed in the summer of 1923, and the office building in the fall and winter of 1923. It is expected that these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. The timber superstructure on the breakwater is badly decayed and portions of it are being displaced by nearly every storm. These breaks when they occur should b, repaired promptly in permanent form. The amount that can be profitably expended for work proposed to be done prior to June 30, 1925, in addition to the work to be done with the funds unexpended, is as follows: Repairs to breakwater (maintenance)-------------------------- $10, 000 Emergency dredging (maintenance) ----------------------------- 5, 000 Surveys (maintenance) 500 Inspection and supervision to prevent illegal dumping, encroachments, and other infractions of laws for the protection of navigable waters (maintenance) --------------------------------------------- 500 Engineering, industrial and commercial surveys, office expenses and contingencies --------- ---------------------------------- 3, 000 Total_ _ - ------ -- ---- 19, 1 000 Commercial statistics.--The commerce of this harbor during the calendar year 1922 consisted of fish and miscellaneous merchandise. The limit of draft for loaded boats is 15 feet. Following is a state- ment of the commerce for the past five years: Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918........... 12,177 $1,037,990 26,121 1921. ......... 5,165 $1,009, 625 40,700 1919..........:::::::: 7 710 280 650 23 119 1922........... 1,715 385,875 72,270 1920........... 13,126 2,392,290 20 611 The decreased commerce for 1922 is due largely to the withdrawal of the steamers of the M. C. & M. C. Boat Line, that company having gone into the hands of a receiver. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $5,822.05: New work--------------------------------------- $1, 401, 043. 63 Maintenance----- ------------- 535, 377.47 Net total expended ------------------------------- 1, 936, 421.10 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ , 968, 133. 77 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended p en......... for new work......... ............. ................ ...... . . Expended for maintenance 1.... $2,424.62 9,924.97 $21,888.40 $4,133. 32 W609.79 Total expended 1.......... 2,424.62 9,924.97 21,888.40 4,133.32 8,609.79 Appropriated or allotted........ 30,000.00 10,000.00 .............. . 10,000.00 23,800.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1450 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. July 1, 1922, balance unexpenedd--------------------------- $16, 522. 46 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923------------- --------------------------- 23, 800. 00 40,322. 46 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for main- tenance -------------------------------------------- 8, 609. 79 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------------------------- 31, 712. 67 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities--2, 500. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available------------------------------29, 212. 67 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project --------------------------------------- 39, 500. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance .-.--------- -___-------- 119, 000. 00 7. ILLINOIS RIVER, ILL. (A6.) Location and description.-The Illinois River (entirely within the State of Illinois) is formed by the confluence of the Kankakee and the Des Plaines Rivers at a point in Grundy County about 50 miles above La Salle, flows in a southwesterly direction, and empties into the Mississippi at Grafton, Ill., about 36 miles above St. Louis. The total length of the stream is 273 miles. This river drains an area of about 27,900 square miles. The discharge at Kampsville at low water of 1891 was approximately 1,500 second-feet, but the Sanitary District of Chicago, under a permit to withdraw from Lake Michi- gan 4,167 second-feet, now adds about 8,500 second-feet to this dis- charge by the introduction of Lake Michigan water. At extreme flood stage, usually in the spring, the discharge is about 130,000 sec- ond-feet at the mouth of the river. The low-water stage usually occurs in late summer and early fall and may be expected to last from six weeks to three months. The current is sluggish, the fall at low water averages 0.15 foot per mile, and the width between banks is 600 feet at La Salle, gradually widening to 1,400 feet at the mouth, except for a stretch of 16 miles at Peoria Lake, where the width is about 1 mile. The fluctuation from low water to flood stage is up- ward of 14 feet. 2 Original condition.-In higher stages, before improvement, the Illinois was navigable by the larger Mississippi River boats as far as Utica, 230 miles, but at low water it was practically unnavigable except for small flat-bottomed boats drawing less than 20 inches. At low water3 the fall between La Salle and Grafton, 224 miles, was 27.5 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by river and harbor act of August 30, 1852, modified by river and harbor acts of April 10, 1869, and July 11, 1870. Work was continued below Cop- peras Creek under these projects until 1880, the total expenditures 1 Exclusive of available funds. 2No reference can be made to any chart on which this improvement can be found. The map @sidered the most reliable and best for general use is published with House Docu- ment Wo. 263, Fifty-ninth Congress, first session. (Lakes to Gulf Waterway Report, 1905.) Enlarged sets of this map in 57 sheets (scale 1 inch=--600 feet) are filed for public reference with the county clerk of each of the 20 countiep bordering on the Illinois River. 8 The admission to the Illinois River of Lake Michigan water via the Chicago Drainage Canal has raised the low-water plane, but inasmuch as the quantity of water that may thus be admitted is a matter of present litigation, it is impracticable as yet to ascertain what the future low-water plane will be. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1451 being $550,812.19, the division between new work and maintenance not being available. For further details of previous projects see page 1945 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the improvement of the river from its mouth to La Salle, a distance of 223 miles, by the con- struction of two locks and dams, and by dredging to afford a depth of 7 feet at low water of 1879. Locks and dams forming part of the project are as follows: Location. Dimensions. Depth on Character of foundation. Lift miter sills at atlow Avail- low water of Name. Miles Width able water 1879. above month. Nearest town. of o.chain- length for of 1879. Lock. L Dam. month, her. full Low- Up- width. er. per. Feet. Feet.Feet.Feet. Feet. Kampsville.. 31.5 Kampsville,Ill. 73 300 7.58 7.0 6.7 Piles in clay Piles in clay and sand. and sand. La Grange... 77.'5 Versailles, Ill.. 73 300 7.33 7. 0 7.0 Piles in mud Piles in mud and sand. and sand. Type of construction. Percent- Year Name. Kind of dam. - ------ ge of of com- Cost. Lock. Dam. pletion. pletion. Kampsville ............... Fixed......... Masonry...... Pile.......... 100 1893 $444,100 La Grange-----................ ... do.......... ... do ... ..... do.......... .. 100 1889 485,034 Yearly fluctuations in stage vary from about 9 to 20 feet, averag- ing about 14 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1923, is $2,500,000, exclusive of amount expended on previous project. No estimate of cost for annual maintenance has been made. The existing project below Copperas Creek was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880. (H. Doc. No. 87, 46th Cong., 2d sess.) The improvement between Copperas Creek and La Salle was authorized by river and harbor act of March 2, 1907. (No project report.) The last published map of this river appears opposite page 2942, Annual Report for 1914. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Owing to the failure of the General Govern- ment in 1869 to appropriate funds for the construction of a lock and dam on the Illinois River as a commencement of the recommended slack-water system, the General Assembly of the State of Illinois directed the construction of a lock and dam at Henry. Operations on this work were carried on under the direction of the State board of canal commissioners in substantial conformity with the plan of improvement recommended by the United States Board of Engineers in their report of December 17, 1867, and the work was completed at a cost to the State of approximately $400,000. Likewise, the State expended $347,747 in completing the lock and' dam at Copperas Creek in 1874 and 1877 after the United States had expended $62,359 1452 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. on foundation for the lock. It appears there were no " conditions imposed by law," as far as the wording of the river and harbor acts were concerned, with reference to the above work. However, the Annual Report for 1873 (p. 437) states that the- Improvement has thus far been carried on conjointly by the General Govern- ment and the State of Illinois, according to a system adopted some four years since, the State of Illinois undertaking the building of locks and dams and the United States preparing the river bed so as to afford, when the dams shall have been built, a navigation for vessels drawing 7 feet of water. Terminal facilities.-Of the 13 principal cities and towns along the Illinois River, about 5 own dock frontage, more or less improved for boat landings; 4 own dock frontage with no improvements, and 4 own no frontage. Of the eight last mentioned, boat landings are made at street ends. No wharf charge is made at any of.the cities except Peoria. At Peoria, the largest city on the river, bonds to the amount of $250,000 were voted in April, 1918, to provide for addi- tional terminal facilities. (For a full description of terminal facili- ties see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Transportationby water has been made easier and a profitable and useful navigation is carried on the entire year except when ice prevents. Up to as late as 1895 steamboats were compelled to suspend operations one or two months in the late summer and early fall nearly every year on account of low water. Since 1895 navigation has never been suspended for that reason. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging was done by day labor and use of Government plant at Six Mile Island (new work and maintenance) : Kampsville Lock (maintenance), Buckhorn Bar (maintenance), Big Blue River Bar (maintenance), Havana Lake (maintenance), Copperas Creek and Henry Lock (mainte- nance) Lancaster Landing (maintenance), Farm Creek (mainte- nance), Peoria Lake (new work), United States boat yard at Peoria (maintenance) ; 36 round trips were made by steamer Comanche for inspection, fuel, distribution of supplies, and care of aids to naviga- tion (maintenance). For improvement of boat yard at Peoria, 355 linear feet of breakwater (45 per cent) was constructed; 150 linear feet of switchtrack (12 per cent) was constructed; 5,790 cubic yards of filling (55 per cent) was done and partly graded (new work); a storehouse, machine shop, blacksmith shop, carpenter shop, office building, and boiler house were erected (new work and mainte- nance). The floating plant was repaired; marine ways were in use by the United States 41 days and leased to outside parties 93 days during the year. Local surveys were made of about 54 miles of the river. Four permits were issued during the year and work under all permits in force was inspected. The total expenditures were $53,350.38, of which $21,499.99 was for new work, and $31,850.39 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 93 per cent completed. The controlling depth of the river is 6 feet at low water as it prevails with the present unauthorized flow of water through the Chicago Drainage Canal, based on surveys and sound- ings taken this season. The head of navigation for" commercial vesels is La Salle, 223 miles above the mouth of the river. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is the dredging of 760,000 cubic yards of material. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1453 The total expenditures under the existing project have been: For new work, $1,694,324.61; for maintenance, $365,657.60; total, $2,0),- 982.21. Proposed operations.-The following is a statement of the work proposed to be done with the balance unexpended July 1, 1923: Dredging for the restoration of project depth and toward completion of the project: New work------------------------------------$25, 000 Maintenance --------------------------------- 19, 000 $44, 000. 00 Construction of new plant - -____ 125, 000. 00 1____________- Construction of office building at Chicago (maintenance) ---------- 20, 000. 00 Care and repair of plant: New work ----------------------------------- $15, 000 Maintenance _----- ---------------------------- 15, 000 30, 000. 00 Improving boatyard at Peoria, Ill. (new work) -- __-------- __ 14, 000. 00 Surveys, including discharge observations: New work------------------------------------$6, 000 Maintenance --- __--------------------------- 6, 000 12, 000. 00 Inspection and supervision to prevent illegal dumping, encroach- ments, and other infractions of laws for the protection of navi- gable waters (maintenance) -------------------------------- 500. 00 Engineering, industrial and commercial surveys, office expenses and contingencies ____-__ -------- _ 28, 355. 60 Payment of outstanding liabilities July 1, 1923------------------- 7, 000. 00 Total --------------------------------------- 280, 855. 60 It is impossible to state the rate at which funds will be used, but it is expected they will be exhausted or covered by contracts by June 30, 1924. The State of Illinois has appropriated $20,000,000 for the con- struction of an 8-foot waterway from Lockport to Utica, a distance of 60 miles, connecting the Chicago drainage canal, which has a navigable depth of 26 feet and over, and the upper limits of the Illinois River improvement. The State waterway is to have a mini- mum bottom width of 150 feet and will be provided with four locks each 110 feet in width, 600 feet in usable length, and 14 feet in depth on the miter sills. The increased importance of the Illinois River due to the progress being made upon the construction of the Illinois Waterway makes it imperative that more extensive dredging operations be carried on both for maintenance and for the comple- tion of the project. It is estimated that approximately 760,000 cubic yards (new work) and 950,000 cubic yards (accumulated maintenance) must be dredged to complete the project channel 7 feet deep and 200 feet wide, assum- ing that the low-water surface be as in 1901, when thewater con- tributed from Lake Michigan was about 3,000 cubic feet per second, with 150,000 cubic yards to be dredged annually thereafter for main- tenance. It is proposed that in dredging attention shall first be given to bars where navigation is or may become most difficult, and that thereafter the work of producing the project channel progressively from the mouth of the river upstream shall be continued in so far as may be permitted by the stage of the river, which, near its mouth, is sometimes too high for dredging operations due to backwater from the Mississippi River. 1454 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The amount that can be profitably expended for work proposed tPbe done prior to June 30, 1925, in addition to the work to be done with the unexpended balance, is as follows: Dredging for the restoration of project depth and toward completion of the project: New work----------------------------------- $68, 000 Maintenance ----------------------------------- 6, 000 $104, 000 Care and repair of plant: New work ------------------------------------- 20, 000 Maintenance-------------- --------------- 20, 000 40, 000 Surveys, including discharge observations: New work------------------------------ --------- 4, 000 Maintenance--------------------------- ----------- 5, 000 9,000 Inspection and supervision to prevent illegal dumping, en- croachments, and other infractions of laws for protec- tion of navigable waters (maintenance) -------------- 500 Engineering, industrial and commercial surveys, office ex- penses and contingencies____- _____- -- ____- -______ 25, 000 Total--------------------------------------- ------- 178, 500 Commercial statistics.-The commerce throughout the portion of the river under improvement, as far as ascertainable, consisted chiefly of grain, livestock, apples, sand, and gravel, and general merchandise. In addition 59,906 passengers were carried. The usual draft employed for loaded boats for the principal classes of traffic ranges from 31 to 6 feet. Following is a statement of the commerce passing over the im- proved portion of the Illinois River for the past five years: Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918........... 165,252 $8 710,917 110, 701 1921.......... 157,546 $4, 733,044 65,547 5,559 550 66,275 1919........... 1920........... 190, 503 187,007 6810, 525 7 567,135 96,093 81,930 111922.......... 196,725 The increased tonnage for 1922 is due to a bountiful apple crop and the resumption of operations by steamboat lines which sus- pended operations in 1921. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $22,871.99: New work ---- -------------------------------- $2, 245, 136. 80 Maintenance _---__----_-__________________________ 365, 657. 60 Net total expended---------- _______---- 610, 794. 40 .2, Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 2, 891, 650. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ $3, 104, 34 $4, 006.39 $14, 319.37 $22, 542.21 $21, 499. 99 Expended for maintenance 1..... 16, 864.04 33, 802.82 34, 307.67 37,358.16 31,850.39 Total expended 1.......... 98.38 19, 37,809.21 48, 627.04 59,900.37 53,350.38 Appropriated or allotted..... .. 10, 000. 00 25,000. 00 70,000. 00 140, 000. 00 175, 000. 00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1455 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-------------------------- $154, 087.57 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923-----_1-------------------------------------75, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923------------------ 5, 118. 41 334, 205. 98 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year : For new work---------------------------- $21, 499. 99 For maintenance --------------------------- 31, 850. 39 53, 350. 38 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended --------------------------- 280, 855. 60 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities______- 7, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available- - ___________----- - - - 273, 855. 60 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------------------------- '754, 300. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work --------------------------------------- '92, 000. 00 For maintenance ------------------------------------ 86, 500. 00 Total -------------------- ------------------ '178, 500. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $33,527: New work -- _----_-------------------- $12, 868, 606. 68 Maintenance --------------------------------------- 2; 664, 267. 91 Net total expended------------------------------- 15, 532, 874. 59 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------- 16, 712, 037. 19 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ $68,172. 75 $138,849.67 $480,820.22 $460,693.69 $417,276.02 Expended for maintenance '..... 56, 220.66 116,201.86 272, 755. 04 190, 806. 50 184, 809.41 Total expended 1.......... 124, 393. 41 255,051.53 753,575.26 651,500. 19-' 602, 085.43 Appropriated or allotted......... 278,170.00 165,000.00 281,000.00 562,000.00 575,800.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ----------- -- .--- -$1, 199, 958. 05 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923----- -------- --------------------- 575, 800. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923------------ 5, 489. 98 1, 781, 248. 03 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year : For new work____________________-___- $417, 276. 02 For maintenance-------------------------184, 809. 41 602, 085. 43 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_-------_______--- -- _ 1,179, 162. 60 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 61637-ENG 1923---92 1456 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities--------------- $96, 099. 80 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts--------------------------------- 215, 469. 81 $311, 569. 61 July 1, 1923, balance available---------------------------- 867, 592. 99 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project 800. 00 7--------------------------- Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work--------------------------------------- 92, 000.00 For maintenance ----------------- 1293, 500. 00' Total------------------ ------------------------- 385, 500. 00 8. OPERATING AND CARE OF LA GRANGE AND KAMPSVILLE LOCKS, ILLINOIS RIVER, AND APPROACHES THERETO. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for improving Illinois River, Ill. For general information regarding the improvement, see pages 1450 to 1456 of this report. The locks and dams have been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation, the one since 1889 and the other since 1893. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The locks were op- erated (except when closed by ice-January 7 to 10 and February 10 to 26) and they with all appurtenant property were properly cared for; accumulations of mud were removed from lock chambers, and necessary repairs were made to lock operating machinery. The expenditures were: For La Grange Lock, $7,033.68; for Kampsville Lock, $9,044.99; total, $16,078.67. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The work has resulted in canal- izing more than 100 miles of river by two locks and dams (completed in 1889 and 1893 at a cost of $920,134). The controlling depth on the miter sills at natural low water was 7 feet, but with the present unauthorized flow of water through the Chicago Drainage Canal, the depth at La Grange is much greater. Due to the lowering of Kampsville Dam 2 feet in 1905-6, the depth at Kampsville is slightly less than 7 feet. The total expenditures to date for operating and care from the permanent indefinite appropriation have been: La Grange, $265,- 447.76; Kampsville, $241,162.54, a total of $506,610.30. Proposed operations.-The locks and dams will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-The limit for draft for loaded boats through the locks is 6.5 feet. Following is a statement of.the com- merce passing through the locks for the past five years. About one- third of this commerce passes through both locks. 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-CHICAGO, ILL., DISTRICT. 1457 Comparative statement. LA GRANGE LOCK, ILLINOIS RIVER. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918............. ......... 25,140 1,973,100 1921...................... 30,352 $1,927,597 1919.................... 22,072 2,360,143 1922..................... 18,811 742,387 1920...................... 37,690 2,911,294 KAMPSVILLE LOCK, ILLINOIS RIVER. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918................. .... 27,383 $4,009,100 1921..................... 14,517 81,705,683 1919..................... 18,131 2, 764, 784 1922................. .... 24, 640 2,269,866 1920.................... 30, 325 4, 233,198 9. OPERATING SNAG BOATS AND DREDGE BOATS ON UPPER MISSIS- SIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES-ILLINOIS RIVER, ILL. Location and description.-Snag and dredge boat operations on the Illinois River extend from its mouth to La Salle, a distance of 223 miles. (For location and description of Illinois River see p. 1450 of this report.) Original condition.-In its original condition the banks of the river were lined with numerous trees, overhanging branches, stumps, and trees felled into the river by fishermen as a protection to their fish nets. These trees became partly buried in the river alongside the edge of the stream and in many cases broken limbs floated out into and became partly embedded in the channel, forming a serious men- ace to navigation. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for removing snags and similar obstructions in the river and the most serious obstructions on the banks under the permanent annual appropriation provided by the act of August 11, 1888. The existing project for that portion of the river from its mouth to Copperas Creek was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, and was extended from Copperas Creek to La Salle by the act of March 3, 1909. A map of this river is published in the Annual Report for 1914, opposite page 2942. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-See report on Illinois River. Effect of improvement.-Navigation has-been made safer by the removal of fixed obstructions in the river. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The steamer Comanche and derrick barge No. 1 removed 71 snags from the channel and cleared 12 acres of river bank of old stumps and dead trees during the year. The total expenditures were $2,000, for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The channel of the river con- tained no obstructive snags. However, this work will be practically continuous, as timber dies year by year and falls over the banks, due 1458 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. largely to the increased flow of water from Lake Michigan through the Chicago Drainage Canal. The total expenditures for this woirk (by the Chicago district) from the permanent annual appropriation for operating snagboats on the upper Mississippi and tributaries have been $8,747.32, all for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to employ the snagging plant between La Salle, Ill., and the mouth of the Illinois River in remov- ing snags and similar obstructions in the river and the most serious obstructions on the banks, operations to be governed by the amount allotted ($2,000) from the permanent annual appropriation of $25,000 for operating snagboats and dredge boats on the upper Missis- sippi River and its tributaries. Commercial statistics.--See report on Illinois River. EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED SEPTEMBER 22, 1922. The local engineer was charged with the duty of making prelim- inary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Illinois River and tributaries, from the lower end of Lake Depue to a point opposite Goose Lake. 2. IllinoisRiver, Ill., with a view to preparing plans, and estimates of cost, for the prevention and control of floods on said river and its tributaries, and to determining the extent to which the United States and local interests should cooperate in carrying out such plans. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. This district includes the lakes, rivers, and harbors along the east coast of the State of Michigan and of northwest portion of State of Ohio from St. Marys River on the north to Port Clinton Harbor on the south, both inclusive. District engineer: Col. E. M. Markham, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. J. G. Warren, Corps of Engineers, to Sep- tember 4, 1922, Col. Spencer Cosby, Corps of Engineers, since that date. IMPROVEMENTS. [The letters and figures in parentheses after the titles indicate the group, and the numeri- cal order in the group, to which the respective improvements belong for purposes of appropriation.] Page. Page. 1. St. Marys River, Mich. (Al) 1459 9. Alpena Harbor, Mich (B4) 1489 2. St. Clair River, Mich, (A2)__ 1467 10. Saginaw River, Mich. (B5)_ 1493 3. Channels in Lake St. Clair, 11. Harbor of Refuge at Harbor Mich. (A3)--------------- 1471 Beach, Lake Huron, Mich. 4. Detroit River, Mich. (A4)___ 1475 (B6)____________________ 1496 5. Operating and care of St. 12. Black River, Mich. (B7)___ 1499 Marys Falls Canal, Mich__ 1481 13. Clinton River, Mich. (B8)-_ 1502 6. Mackinac Harbor, Mich. (B1)_ 1483 14. Rouge River, Mich. (B9) 1505 7. Cheboygan Harbor, Mich. 15. Monroe Harbor, Mich. (B2) __--,_----- 1485 (B10)_----- - 1510 8. Rogers City Harbor, Mich. 16. Toledo Harbor, Ohio ----- 1513 (B3)-_--_----------__ 1487 17. Port Clinton Harbor, Ohio.. 1517 RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1459 SHIP CHANNEL CONNECTING WATERS OF THE GREAT LAKES BE- TWEEN CHICAGO, DULUTH, AND BUFFALO, INCLUDING ST. MARYS RIVER, ST. CLAIR RIVER, CHANNELS IN LAKE ST. CLAIR AND DETROIT RIVER, MICH. (GROUP A.) 1. ST. MARYS RIVER, MICH. (Al.) Location and description.-St. Marys River flows in a general southeasterly direction from the eastern end of Lake Superior into the northern end of Lake Huron. The river has a length of 63 miles from its head at Point Iroquois to the Detour Passage into Lake Huron and has a total fall varying from 21 to 23 feet, depending upon the stages of the lakes. The greater part of this fall-i. e., from 18 to 21 feet-occurs in a section about 1 mile long, known as St. Marys Falls or Rapids, situated about 13 miles from Point Iroquois. Above the rapids the fall in the river is from 0.4 to 0.7 of a foot and below the rapids it is from 1 to 2 feet. The width of the river varies considerably, and there are numerous channels, separated by islands, large and small. At the narrowest place, where there is but one channel, the width is about one-half mile, while elsewhere the river widens into a series of small lakes. Except at the falls, the current is sluggish, and in the wider of the so-called lakes it is imperceptible. Including the surface of Lake Superior, the drainage basin of the river is about 77,000 square miles, and the mean discharge is about 82,000 second-feet, with a maximum of 130;000 and a minimum of 60,000 second-feet. Improvements have been required at shoals both above and below the falls, and at that section it has been necessary to surmount the obstruction by the construction of lateral canals with lift locks. Elsewhere the improvement has been by dredging and excavation of channels of suitable depth and width. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 9.) Original condition.-St. Marys River was obstructed by the falls and by a number of shoals, upon which the least depths were from 5 to 17 feet at mean low water. Navigation past the falls was en- tirely impracticable, except for downbound canoes and log rafts. Previous projects.-These were authorized by the acts of July 8, 1856, August 2, 1882, and August 5, 1886. The total amount ex- pended thereunder prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1892 was $2,904,807, all for new work. For further details of pre- vious projects see page 1956, Annual Report for 1915. lxisting project.-This provides for a depth of 21 feet at low water over a minimum width of 300 feet for one-way traffic and of 600 feet for two-way traffic throughout the river by dredging through three shoals between Lake Superior and the head of the falls, with maximum width of 1,500 feet above the entrance to canals; construct- ing four locks, two canals, and an emergency dam for each of the canals at the falls; dredging to widen and deepen the tailrace of the United States power plant; constructing remedial works at the inlet to the power canal of the Michigan Northern Power Co.; constructing compensating works at the falls; dredging through the shoals between the lower end of the canals and the upper entrance to Hay Lake, in- cluding extension of anchorage and maneuver area below the locks; dredging to widen and deepen the upper entrance channel into Hay Lake; excavating channels from Hay Lake to Mud Lake on either 1460 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. side of Neebish Island, a distance, via West Neebish, of 14 miles, and via Middle Neebish of 15 miles; and dredging shoals between Mud Lake and the mouth of the river. The following table shows the principal features of the four locks and emergency dams: [All structures are located at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich.] Weitzel Lock. Poe Lock. Third Lock. Fourth Lock. Miles above mouth................ ......... .. 47 47 47 47 Clear width of chamber.... .feet.. 60 i. at ga80 s. gates. 100 18 80 80 Length between miter sills............ do.... 515 800 1,350 1,350 Lift ................................. do.... 20.5 20. 5 20.5 20.5 Depth on upper breast walli............ do.... 16 22 24.5 24.5 Depth on lower breast wall1............. do.... 12.6 18 24.5 24.5 Foundation................................. Rock. Rock. Rock. Rock. Type of construction........................... Masonry. Masonry. . Concrete. Concrete. Estimated cost .... ....................... $1,160,000 $4,738,865 $6,200,000 $3,275,000 Completed ................................. 1881 1896 1914 1919 The limiting draft through the locks is determined by the depth over the breast walls. Emergency dams. South Canal. North Canal. Miles above mouth.._.... 47 47 Estimated cost $...... 000.00 8240, $300,000.00 Type................... Swing bridge, sliding wickets. Removable trusses, revolving wickets. Cost, completed ........ $294, 608.16 6 $269, 224.31 Year completed ....... 1911 1922 1At low water, 601.1 above and 580.6 below. 2 Includes cost of deepening and enlarging South Canal. 3 Includes cost of North Canal. 4 Includes canal excavations to provide necessary approaches to lock, canal walls and piers, and emer- gency dam. 6 Opened to commerce. ' Including engineering, office and inspection. In the following table there are stated other characteristic features of the improvement belonging to the existing project: Length Dis- Used by Project, Project tance up or width Project datumplanes Project Name of improved channel. from chan- mouth bounddown depth. above sea estimate nel. level (mini- of cost. of river. vessels. mum). (New York). SFeet. Miles. Feet. Feet. Feet. Round Island Shoal No. 1........ 2, 300 59 Both.... 21 601. 5 Round Island Shoal No. 2........ 2,200 57 ... do.... 1000 21 601.5 1$353,487 Vidal Shoal.................... 2, 500 52 ... do.... 1,000 21 601.2 South Canal ................ 7,400 47 ... do... 108 241 601. 1-580. 6 8, 218,865 North Canal ............... 7,515 47 ;...do.... 280 241 601.1-580.6 3 9 475 000 18,047.352 I Dredging through Round Island Shoals Nos. 1 and 2, and Vidal Shoals (estimate made in 1891).. $85, 487 Widening Vidal Shoals Channel (estimate made in 1920) ......................................... 268,000 353,487 s Weitzel Lock (estimate made in 1878) ......... ... ............................. 2,460,000 Poe Lock (estimate made in 1886) .................................. ......... 4,738,865 Canal widening (estimate made in 1904)................... .......................... 1,020,000 8,218,865 3Third Lock (estimate made in 1906).......................................................... 6,200,000 Fourth Lock (estimate made in 1910) ............................... ........................ 3,275,000 9, 475, 000 RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1461 Dis- Used by PJ Project Leno tance up or Project datum planes Project Name of improved channel. chan- from down 'mi depth above sea estimate mouth bound m . *e level of cost. nel. ofriver. vessels, mum). (New York). Feet. Miles. Feet. Feet. Feet. Brought forward ................ ... i......... i....... ......... $18,047,352 Bayfleld Shoal................4,950 45 Both.... 1,000 21 580.3 Little Rapids Shoal .............. 31,400 44 ... do... 600 21 580.3-579. 9 Nine-Mile Point Shoal 2........... 2,100 38 ... do.... ........ 21 579.9 Lower end Hay Lake Channel.... 17,700 33 Up...... 300 21 579.9 Middle Neebish Channel.......... 10 000 32 ... do.... 300 21 579.9-579.7 Little Mud Lake Channel......... 24, 100 30 ... do.... 300 21 579.7 Sailors Encampment Shoal....... 5300 26 ... do.... 300 21 579.6 1 6,551,333 Shoal No. 28, Mud Lake.......... 7,500 22 ... do.... 1,000 21 579.6 West Neebish Channel........... 64,800 31 Down... 300 21 579.9-579. 6 Twin Island Shoal ....... .. 17 Both........... 21 579.6 Point Aux Frenes Shoal s....... ..... 16 ... do... ....... .21 579. 6 Squaw Island Shoal 2s............. 5 ... do.... ........ 21 579.6 Crab Island Shoal .............. ........ .. .... do.... ........ 21 579. 6 Total ............. ... ........ .. . ....... ....... ... ... ........ 4,598,685 1 Ship channel (estimate made in 1891) .................... ........................ $556, 333 Hay Lake and Neebish channels (estimate made in 1900). ............ ................ 5,750000 Extension anchorage and maneuver area below locks (estimate made in (1920)........ ... 245, 000 6, 551, 333 The improvements at these localities were by removal of obstructing bowlders and projecting points. 2 Widths and depths were naturally considerably greater than required except for the obstructions men- tioned. The project depths are referred to low-water datums for Lakes Superior and Huron, which are taken at 601.6 and 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean level of the lakes, 1860-1875. The depth in the channels corresponds to depth of 20 feet on Lake Survey charts of the localities. Each year the St. Marys River rises and falls about 1 foot as meas- ured by the monthly mean levels. In the past 56 years the difference between the highest and lowest monthly mean levels above the locks has been about 3 feet, and below the locks about 5 feet. From day to day the level fluctuates somewhat, due to wind and barometric pressure, such changes frequently amounting to several inches and sometimes to a foot or more. In addition to these changes in level, occasionally a considerable oscillation takes place within two or three hours, which is somewhat in the nature of a seiche; such changes amounting to over 5 feet have been known to occur within three hours. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1922, is $24,598,685, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1922) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $25,000. Tailrace deepening: The river and harbor act of, March 4, 1915, provided for the deepening and enlargement of the tailrace of the United States power plant between the power house and deep water at the foot of the rapids, a distance of about 2,250 feet, estimated cost $150,000, and authorized the diversion for this purpose of so much as might be necessary of the unexpended balance of appropria- tions for the new third lock. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 11, 1870, provided for the Weitzel Lock and improving the existing State canal by widening and deepening in accordance with report by Maj. O. M. Poe, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, not published; the act of August 5, 1886, pro- vided for the Poe Lock (H. Doc. No. 72, 49th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of July 13, 1892, provided for dredging through the shoals above 1462 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. the falls and the shoals below the falls between the lower end of the canal and the upper entrance channel into Hay Lake (H. Ex. Doc. No. 207, 51st Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1891, p. 2810) ; the acts of June 13, 1902, and March 3, 1905, provided for enlarging the old canal (H. Doc. Nos. 128, 56th Cong, 2d sess., and 215, 58th Cong., 3d sess.); the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the third lock and second canal and emergency dam (plan 3, H. Doc. No. 333, 59th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the fourth lock (H. Doc. No. 64, 62d Cong., 1st sess.); the act of Sep- tenmber 22, 1922, provided for the widening of the upper approach to the canals through Vidal Shoals, and the extension of anchorage and maneuver area below the locks (report of district engineer, dated October 29, 1920, printed in H. Rept. No. 775, 67th Cong., 2d sess., pp. 30-32) ; the act of March 4, 1915, provided for deepening the tail- race of the power plant, the cost thereof to be paid from the unex- pended balance of appropriations for the third lock; the act of March 3, 1909, provided for the lease of water power at the falls and the lease entered into with the Michigan Northern Power Co., pro- vided for the construction of remedial and compensating works; and the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the Hay Lake and Neebish channels work in that section of the river below the locks (H. Doc. 128, 56th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map of the river above the falls will be found at page 2866 of the Annual Report for 1895; of the river at the falls, opposite page 3230 of the Annual Report for 1915; of the river below the falls, opposite page 2649 of the Annual Report for 1912. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. The State of Michigan completed at the falls in 1855 a canal providing a channel for vessels having a draft of 11.5 feet at mean stage of water, the canal being 5,400 feet long and 100 feet wide at the top, and a double-lift lock having tandem chambers 350 feet long and 70 feet wide, and arranged for an average lift of about 9 feet at each lock. The cost of this canal and the locks, about $1,000,000, was defrayed from the proceeds of 750,000 acres of land granted by Congress. The canal and locks were subsequently turned over to the United States. (See river and harbor act of June 14, 1880.) Under a permit granted to the Lake Carriers' Association by the Secretary of War, dated July 23, 1917, 21Q cubic yards of bowlders were removed from the channel through Vidal Shoals during July and August, 1917. Terminal facilities.-This improvement serves the through com- merce between Lake Superior and the lower lakes, and it has not materially influenced the terminal facilities at the towns along its route, which consist only of small docks for the accommodation of local traffic. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-This improvement in conjunction with the work done on the other sections of the Ship Channel affects the entire commerce passing between Lake Superior ports and those upon the lower lakes and rivers. These improvements have per- mitted a great increase in the draft of vessels and this has resulted in the use of vessels of greater tonnage, the carrying capacity of the largest freight steamers having increased from 4,000 tons in 1893 to 15,581 tons in 1920. The increased width of channels and the addi- RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1463 tion of double channels at congested points have permitted greater speed without loss of safety. It is believed that the reduction in freight rates from 2.3 mills per ton-mile in 1887 to 1.2 mills in 1922 can be attributed chiefly to these improvements in channels. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Above the falls, en- largement of channel area through Vidal Shoals to secure a safe approach to canal is under contract. At close of year 45,000 cubic yards, bank measurement, of material had been removed by dredge from an area of about 32,500 square yards, representing about 19 per cent of work to be done. At the falls an emergency darn to serve the north canal, which was under construction during previous year, was completed in August. Work by day labor included filling and grading canal piers, constructing concrete walks, repairing tailrace dike of power plant, and operating gates of compensating works in the control of water levels. Immediately below the falls the work of increasing deep water area to provide adequate an- chorage and maneuver area for vessels is under contract by dredging plant; work to be commenced in July. The deepening of improved channel through Bayfield Shoal is in progress by Government dredging plant. At the close of year 16,237 cubic yards, scow measurement, of material had been removed from an area of about 37,000 square yards. The benefits of improvement will be made available to commerce in August. A derrick boat is under public notice agreement to remove obstructions from improved channels at sundry places in the lower river; work to be commenced in July. The examination of channels with sweeping raft was continued and during the year about 11 miles of channels were swept and con- ditions recorded. A sweeping raft was constructed by day labor. A motor launch tender, for use of survey party, was purchased under contract, at a cost of $12,500. The total amount expended during the fiscal year was $84,219.29, as follows: New work : Above the falls, dredging at Vidal Shoals $9, 381. 87 At the falls-- Completion of emergency dam__-- -.------------ - 29,200. 00 Grading piers and improvement of grounds ---------- 3, 660. 78 Below the falls- Anchorage and maneuver area below canal (preliminary to contract dredging) ------------------------------ - 690. 01 * 42, 932. 66 Maintenance : Below the falls- Bayfield channel, improvement and maintenance (prelimi- nary to dredging by Government plant) ---------------- 1, 443. 57 Maintenance of channels (surveys) -------------------- 16, 048. 88 Purchase of motor tender, survey use-- _____________- 12, 615. 97 Construction sweeping raft, survey use_- ____________ 5, 103. 95 Upkeep of buildings and plant_-----_________________ 1, 698. 18 Inspection steamer Lydecker--operation and repairs------- 4, 376. 08 41, 286. 63 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The entire existing project is now completed with the exception of the widening of the upper approach to the canals through Vidal Shoals, the extension of the anchorage and maneuver area below the locks, deepening channel through Bayfield Shoal, grading, constructing walks, etc. While the channel through Bayfield Shoal had been excavated to 21 feet, 1464 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. the depth generally obtained in soft bottom channels, it developed, in conjunction with recent consideration of the recession of upper lake levels, that, the Bayfield bottom being actually of bowlders imbedded in hardpan, this reach was the critical one of the through ship channel, and governed the allowable draft for all Lake Superior traffic. Accordingly, it was deemed to be imperative that the reach be deepened to 22 feet, corresponding to all other hard bottom areas throughout the St. Marys River. Above the falls, from Lake Supe- rior to head of canal, there is a channel having a least width of 975 feet and available depth of 21 feet below low-water datum of 601.6 at Lake Superior and 601.1 at head of canal. At the falls there are four locks, reached by the north and south canals. The nar- rowest point in the south canal, leading to the Weitzel and Poe Locks, is at the International Bridge crossing, where there are two channels, each 108 feet wide. The depth in this canal leading to the Poe Lock is 24 feet. The narrowest point in the north canal, leading to the Third and Fourth Locks, is at the International Bridge crossing, where it is 280 feet wide. The depth of this canal is 24.5 feet, except near the westerly entrance, where it is 24 feet deep. The controlling dimensions of locks are as follows: Weitzel Lock, width 60 feet, depth 12.6 feet; Poe Lock, width 100 feet, depth 18.0 feet; Third and Fourth Locks, width 80 feet, depth 24.5 feet. The channels in the east or lower level approaches have depths as great as the locks to which they lead. Each canal is pro- vided with a movable dam for use in case of emergency. Below the falls, from the locks to Lake Huron, there is a channel with depth generally of 21 feet and width of not less than 600 feet, where up- ound and downbound traffic use the same channel, and not less than 300 feet where upbound and downbound traffic is separated. The channels above the locks were last examined in October, 1922, and critical places in the lower river during the season of 1922. The following table gives a list of improvements with data as to depths and widths: Nme of chnnel. Name of channel. Project Controlling Minimum datumplane. depth. width. Feet. Feet. Feet. Round Island Shoal No. 1............................... .. 601.5 22.8 1,000 Round Island Shoal No. 2....................................... 601.5 22.8 975 Vidal Shoal...................................... ..... 601.2 22. 0 1,000 South Canal: West approach ............................................... 601.1 24.0 304 East approach ........... ........ ....................... 580.6 19.5 340 WeitzelLock................................................. 580.6 12.6 60 Poe Lock.............................................. ............. 580.6 18.0 100 North Canal: West approach.......................................... 601.1 24.0 280 East approach......... ............................... 580.6 24.5 312 Third lock ............ . ...................................... 580.6 24.5 80 Fourth lock ................................................. 580.6 24.5 80 Bayfield Shoal ...................................................... 580.3 21.0 1,000 Little Rapids to Hay Lake..................................... . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . .. .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . 580.2-579.9 21.0 600 Nine-mile Point Shoal 1 .. ... 579.9 22.4 .......... Lower end Hay Lake ................................................ 579.9 21.4 300 Middle Neebish.................................................... 579.8-579.7 22.0 300 Little Mud Lake............... .................................... 579.7 21.6 300 Sailors Encampment Shoal ...................................... 579. 6 22.0 300 Shoal No. 28, Mud Lake.......... .................................. 579.6 21.6 1, 000 West Neebish................................................ 579.9-579.6 21.4-22.4 300 1. . . Aux Twin Island and Pointe . . . 1................... . . . . . . .Shoal . .. .. . .Frenes . .. . .... . . . 579.6 22.6 .. Squaw Island Shoal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 579.6 22.6 .......... Crab Island Shoall.... 579.6 22. 6 .......... 1Isolated shoals at which the improvement consisted in the removal of bowlders and projecting points, such removal giving channel width in excess of 1,000 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, ICH., DISTRICT. 1465 The total expenditures under the existing project are $22,977,- 924.80 for new work and $277,326.30 for maintenance, a total of $23,- 255,251.10. Locks. Date of Date of Number or name of lock. comple- Actual cost. Number or name of lock. comple- Actual cost. tion. tion. Weitzel .................. 1881 $983, 335 Third.................... 1914 $2, 200,000 Poe....................... 1896 2,837,337 Fourth................ 1919 1,750,000 United States power plant: The United States water-power plant, acquired in accordance with the provisions of section 2 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909, is leased to the Edison Sault Electric Co. for a period of 30 years from July 1, 1912. The annual rental, at first $24,000, was increased to $30,900 on July 1, 1916, after the installation of a new generator. Lease of water to the Michigan Northern Power Co.: In accord- ance with the terms of a lease dated May 28, 1914, entered into by the United States with the Michigan Northern Power Co., the use of 25,000 cubic feet per second primary and 5,000 cubic feet per second secondary water was continued throughout the year. The compensating works provided for in the lease have been completed. The total number of 16 gates have been operated under the direc- tion of the board of control for the regulation of Lake Superior, as occasion required. Water rentals under the lease have been retained by the lessee and applied as reimbursement to him for the cost of remedial and compensating works. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended at the close of the fiscal year ($582,842.59) will be applied approximately as follows: Widening Vidal Shoals channel, dredging under contract, to be completed July, 1924 _.__________ _--------------------- $227, 710. 00 Extension anchorage and maneuver area below locks, dredging under contract, to be completed September, 1924_ ......___-- 248, 000. 00 Little Rapids Cut, dredging----------------- 4, 000. 00 Sailors Encampment, removing bowlders ------------------------ 3, 000. 00 West Neebish Rock Cut, removing bowlders and repairing walls _ 10, 000. 00 Middle Neebish, removing bowlders and repairing dike---------- 5, 000. 00 Completing appurtenances, auxiliary to Fourth Lock, including completion of fendering canal walls and grading piers, and com- pletion auxiliary work on emergency dam -------------- 12, 000. 00 Bayfield Shoal, dredging by Government plant--------------- 59, 000. 00 Surveys, examination of channels and contingencies-------------14, 132. 59 Total ---------------------------------- 582, 842. 59 It is anticipated that all the above items will be in progress dur- ing the ensuing fiscal year, and that the average rate of expendi- ture will be about $40,000 per month, exhausting the funds prior to September 30, 1924. Bayfield Shoal Channel, with its bowlder bottom, having become the critical section of St. Marys River, the continuance to com- pletion of dredging operations now in progress to a swept depth of 22 feet is regarded as of the utmost importance. The restoration of project dimensions of channels at Course 5, West Neebish, and at Moon Island, which was deferred to permit commencement of work 1466 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. at Bayfield Shoal, should also be provided for. Bowlders and ledge rock are constantly turned up by anchors and towing cables in the hard bottom channels. In order that conditions may be known and channels kept clear, periodic surveys are imperative. The sum of $200,000 may be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, as follows: Maintenance dredging: Bayfield Shoal--- ---------------------------------- $150, 000 Course 5, West Neebish ----------------------------------- 25, 000 Moon Island-------------------------------------------10, 000 Removal miscellaneous obstructions----------------------------- 5, 000 Surveys, examination of channels------------------------------10, 000 Total---------- ----------------------------------- 200, 000 Commercial statistics.-All the commerce passing between Lake Superior and the lower lakes uses the improvements made in this river. Details regarding the commerce of the canal are given in the report on operating and care of St. Marys Falls Canal, Mich. The commerce consists of copper, grain, flour, iron ore, pig iron, lumber, wheat, coal, salt, oil, stone, and general merchandise. Vessels usu- ally load to the maximum draft available. The amount of freight passing through all the canals is given in the following table: Comparative statement. Caendar Short tons. Value. Passen- Calear Short tons. Value. assen- year. gers. year. gers. 1918........ 85,680,327 $987,005,347 34,990 1921........ 48,259,254 $746,134,195 66,621 1919........ 68,235,542 914, 513,944 56,992 1922........ 66, 067, 258 957,126,634 57,043 1920........ 79,282,496 1,119,774, 214 68,451 Financialsumnmary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $8,493.83 a New work --------------------------------------- $25, 882, 731. 80 Maintenance--------------------------------------- 277, 326.30 Net total expended ------------------------------- 26, 160, 058. 10 Total appropriations to date of this report-----------------26, 742, 900. 69 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ 675, 853.03 $141,773.81 $112,554.59 $252,347.94 $42, 932.66 Expended for maintenance 1..... 11,888. 28 5, 390. 45 49,224.60 68, 452.05 41,286. 63 1 Total expended .......... 687,741.31 147,164.26 161,779.19 320,799.99 84, 219.29 Appropriated or allotted......... 470,000.00 .............. 81,531.01 91,000.00 550,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended -------------------------- $607, 061. 88 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923------- -------------------------------- 550, 000. 00 1, 157, 061. 88 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment--------------- 490, 000. 00 667, 061. 88 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND I ARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1467 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work--- ------------------------ $42, 932. 66 For maintenance ------------------------- 41, 286. 63 $84, 219. 29 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------- 582, 842. 59 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ----------------- $63, 710. 00 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts__------------------------------------412, 000. 00 475, 710. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available----------------------------- 107, 132. 59 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for nmaintenance------------------------------- 200, 000. 00 2. ST. CLAIR RIVER, MICH. (A2.) Location and description.-The St. Clair River connects Lakes Huron and St. Clair, flows in a southerly direction, and has a total fall of about 5.8 feet in a length of 40 miles. At the south end of Lake Huron there is a shoal upon which the natural depth is less than that required for navigation and the 2-mile dredged channel through this shoal is considered as belonging to this improvement, giving a total length to the section of 42 miles. Including the area above its outlet the drainage basin of the river is about 213,941 square miles. The discharge of the river at mean stage is about 206,000 second- feet, with a minimum of 136,000 and a maximum of 271,000, and the mean velocity varies from about 5 miles per hour at the upper end to about 1J miles per hour near the mouth. With the exception of the delta section, which begins 33 miles below the head of the river, the width averages about 2,000 feet. The river discharges into Lake St. Clair through seven mouths, the one known as the South Channel being used for deep-draft vessels, while several other of the channels are used for small craft. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 43.) Original condition.-In its original condition this section was ob- structed by shoals at the foot of Lake Huron and at several locali- ties in the St. Clair River. The least depths upon these shoals varied from 16 to 18 feet at mean stages of water, and the channels were usable by vessels then navigating the Lakes. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for channels as follows: Used by Length Distance up or Project Projeet Name of channel. of from down datum channel. mouth. bound with depth. planes. vessels. Feet. Mites. Feet. Fat. Foot of Lake Huron................... 10,500 40.5 Both.... 2,400 22 579.6 Port Huron Shoal: East Channel...................... 6,000 38.0 Up..... 1,000 20 578.2 West Channel. ................... 7,000 38.0 Down... 400 21 578.2 Stag Island: East Channel................. .... 17,000 32.0 Up..... 800 20 577.0 West Channel................... 17,000 32.0 Down... 1,000 20 577.0 Middle Ground, opposite S. Clair, Mich.... 9,000 27.0 Both.... 900 20 576.6 Grand Point Shoal ..................... 3,000 10.0 ... do.... 1,000 20 574.5 Squirrel Island Shoal.................... 2,500 9.0 ... do.... 650 20 574.4 Arthur House Shoal....................... 1,500 2.5 ... do.... 900 20 573.9 'Exclusive of available funds. 1468 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. 'S. ARMY, 1923. Improvement at all localities, except foot of Lake Huron, con- sisted of dredging lumps or widening of the natural channels. The project depths are referred to low-water datam for Lakes Huron and St. Clair, which are taken at 579.6 and 573.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean level of the lakes, 1860-1875. The depths correspond to depths of 19.5 to 21 feet, re- spectively, on the Lake Survey chart of the localities. The water level of this river fluctuates with the levels of the lakes above and below it, which during the course of each year are subject to a con- sistent seasonal rise and fall, the lowest stages prevailing during the winter months and the highest during the summer months. At the head of St. Clair River, as measured by monthly mean levels, the water may rise and fall each year as much as 1.5 feet. During the past 20 years the difference between the highest and lowest monthly mean levels during the navigation season has been about 2.5 feet. Occasional fluctuations due to winds of high velocity may be as much as 3.5 feet in six hours. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1916, is $532,837.80. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of mainte- nance is $10,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: he act of July 13 1892, provided for the channel in the river (H. Doc. No. 207, 51st Cong., 2d sess.) ; and the act of July 27, 1916, provided for the west channel for down-bound vessels along the Port Huron water front (H. Doc. No. 782, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the document last mentioned. Recommended modification of project.--None. Local cooperation.--None required. Under permit granted to the Lake Carriers' Association by the Secretary of War, dated May 8, 1922, the downbound channel in front of Port Huron was extended to the international boundary by dredging away the middle ground, from June 12 to October 11, 1922, the amount of material removed being 348,911 cubic yards. Terminal facilities.-This improvement serves the through com- merce between the upper and lower lakes, and it has not materially influenced the terminal facilities at the towns along its route, which consist only of small docks for the accommodation of local traffic. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvements in this river affect the commerce between Lake Erie ports and those on the upper lakes and rivers. The effect of the improvement on the draft and size of ves- sels and the increased tonnage carried has been set forth in the report on St. Marys River under this same heading. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-Except during the winter months, three self-registering water gauges were maintained along Port Huron water front for the purpose of determining the change in river slope resulting from the dredging of Port Huron West Channel through Middle Ground Shoal and the later removal of this entire shoal. The Port Huron West Channel was completed and opened to traffic July 25, 1921, and thereafter the grounding of several vessels on its east side made necessary the removal of the remaining portion of this Middle Ground Shoal. This removal was accomplished between June 12 and October 11, 1922, by the Lake RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1469 Carriers' Association, under War Department permit, without ex- pense to the United States. The amount of material removed during the fiscal year under this permit was 287,328 cubic yards, scow meas- ure. Later deposits of sand, gravel, and silt, resulting in scattered shoals in Port Huron West Channel and at Middle Ground Shoal, required maintenance operations by U. S. dredge Burton, resulting in the removal of 46,987 cubic yards, bin measure. Surveys of the entire area improved were made in November, 1922, to determine depths after removal of Middle Ground Shoal, and again in 4pril, 1923, prior to the work of the Burton. Further maintenance operations consisted in the removal of shoal- ing from the central 800 feet width of the entire length of channel at the foot of Lake Huron by the U. S. dredge Meade, between Sep- tember 12 and October 14, 1922, to the extent of 95,416 cubic yards, bin measure. The expenditures during the year amounted to $38,118,74, of which $912.10 was for new work and $37,206.64 for maintenance, as follows : New work: Water level observations __ $912. 10 Maintenance: Operation of U. S. dredge Meade------------------------19,203.67 Operation of U. S. dredge Burton------------------------ 4, 956. 18 Expenses in connection with supervision of removal of Middle Ground Shoal and survey of shoal-----------------------1, 840. 30 Survey of channel at foot of Lake Huron------------------------ 714.29 Survey of other channels------------ ---------------------- 5, 746. 50 Supervision, office, and other incidental expenses---------------- 4, 745. 70 Total -------------------- -------- 38, 118. 74 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The work done in this section has consisted of dredging and has resulted in material improvement of channel dimensions. The following table shows the widths, lengths, and controlling depths of such channels at the end of the fiscal year, referred to the project datum planes: Name of channel. Name of channeldepth, Controlling Minimum width. Length. Feet. Feet. Feet. 19. 5 2,400 Foot of Lake Huron.............................. ... .................. 0.. 0 00 10,500 22. 0 300 Port Huron Shoal: East channel..................... ......... .......................... 20.1 1,400 (1) West channel ........... ... .......................... 21. 1 21,100 7, 000 Stag Island: East channel ......................................... 20.1 800 (1) West channel................................................ . 20.1 1,150 (1) Middle ground opposite St. Clair, Mich ......................... 20.1 950 (1 Grand Point Shoal ...................................... .. 20.1 1,000 (1 Squirrel Island Shoal ........................ .................. 20.0 650 (1 Arthur House Shoal..... ...................................... 20.0 900 (1 1The improvement consisted in the removal of obstructions, the straightening or widening of channels. 2 Project width 400 feet. Additional width obtained by dredging under War Department permit to Lake Carriers' Association. The Port Huron Shoal west channel was temporarily closed to traffic from July 1 to October 14, 1922, while dredge was engaged in removal of Middle Ground Shoal under War Department permit. The whole project covering work on the St. Clair River is about 99 per cent completed, the portion yet to be done being the com- 1470 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. pletion of the submerged compensating weir below Port Huron Shoal west channel. The total amount expended is $888,719.97, of which $832,301.21 was applied to new work and $56,418.76 to main- tenance. Proposed operations.-The amount unexpended at the end of the fiscal year was $77,068.03, applicable as follows: New work, $4,672.01; maintenance, $72,396.02. Funds for new work are applicable to the construction of a sub- merged weir for compensation of water levels, provided for in proj- ect document for Port Huron Shoal, west channel. Observations to determine the extent of required compensation are in progress, and the funds are accordingly being held until such determination is made. The maintenance funds will be applied to dredging channel at the foot of Lake Huron, to maintenance of Port Huron Shoal, west chan- nel, and to examination of this entire section of the through chan- nel. Although the project depth and width of channel at foot of Lake Huron are 22 and 2,400 feet, respectively, the required depth generally obtains for but about a 300-foot width. The dredging proposed will be by Government dredges Burton and Meade, for such time as available each year, to the end of securing by 1925 project depth for 800 feet width. The west channel, Port Huron Shoal, will be maintained by early spring use of the dredge Burton. Accordingly, the work to be accomplished with maintenance funds will be as follows: Dredging foot of Lake Huron, United States dredge, 1923 and June, 1924, 230,000 cubic yards---------------------------$50, 600. 00 Port Huron Shoal, west channel, 37,500 cubic yards 7, 500. 00 Examination of channels 4, 500. 00 Office and contingent expenses ------------------------------- 9, 796. 02 Total --------------------------------------------- 72, 396. 02 Funds in hand are therefore expected to be exhausted by or about June 30, 1924. The narrow channel at the foot of Lake Huron is used by all through traffic. The navigation is hazardous during severe north- east storms, and during spring and fall months of fog. The main- tenance of the full project width of 2,400 feet is not regarded as necessary; but safe navigation requires that project depth for at least 1,000 feet width be obtained without avoidable or unreasonable delay. The downbound Port Huron Shoal, west channel, will re- quire annual maintenance as early as possible after ice run out and before lake shipping is under way. Sufficient time has not elapsed since the completion of this channel in 1922 to determine rate of deterioration, but it is believed that its maintenance will involve an annual expenditure of $5,000 to $7,000. Accordingly, additional funds for dredging, including surveys and contingencies, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, will be required as follows: Dredging foot of Lake Huron, 177,000 cubic yards, at 22 cents------- $38, 940 Dredging Port Huron Shoal, west channel, 35,000 cubic yards, at 20 cents -- ------ ---- 7, 000 Examination of channels----------------- --------------------- 4, 060 Total --------------------------------- 50, 000 Commercial statistics.-No record has been kept of the commerce of this river, but it is probable that it is slightly greater than RIVERS AND HARBORS--DETROIT, I\fICH., DISTRICT. 1471 that passing through the St. Clair Flats Canal. See report of commercial statistics under "Channels in Lake St. Clair." Financia sumrmary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $564.68: New work ------------------------------------- ---- $832, 301. 21 Maintenance---------------------------------------- 56, 418. 76 Net total expended---------- ----------------------- 888, 719. 97 Total appropriations to date of this report .--. ------------ 965, 788. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........$2, 035. 78 $3, 694.21 $60, 288.14 $10, 004.43 $912. 10 Expended for maintenance 1.... 396. 12 603. 88 212. 00 11, 000. 12 37,206.64 Total expended 1......... 2,431,90 4,298.09 60,500.14 21,004.55 38,118.74 Appropriated or allotted......... 1,000.00 10,000.00 30,000.00 80, 000. 00 ........... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--- ----------------------- $115, 186. 77 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work--- ..... -- ------------ $912. 10 For maintenance ------------------------- 37, 206. 64 '38,118. 74 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended --------------------------- 77, 068. 03 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance_ ........ - 000.00 150Q, 3. CHANNELS IN LAKE ST. CLAIR, MICH. (A3.) Location and description.--Lake St. Clair is the smallest of the Great Lakes, being about 503 square miles in area, and is shallow throughout. On the sailing course it is 18 miles wide, and its great- est width is about 30 miles. The drainage area above its outlet is 220,135 square miles, and the mean discharge at that point is about 212,000 second-feet, with a maximum of about 275,000 and minimum of about 140,000. There is a fall of about 0.2 foot. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 42.) Originalcondition.--In its original condition the channels through this lake were obstructed by a shoal at the entrance to the Detroit River and by bars in the lake at the several mouths of the St. Clair River. This river flows into Lake St. Clair through seven mouths forming the delta, known as the St. Clair Flats. These passes were obstructed by bars in the lake, over which there was a least depth of water of from 2 to 6 feet. The existing canal is located in what is known as the South Channel. Previous projects.-The original project for the construction of the channel.through the St. Clair Flats was authorized by the act of March 2, 1867. Subsequent modifications and additions were au- thorized by the act of March 3, 1873. The total amount expended on the original and modified projects prior to commencemen t in 1886 of operations under the existing project was $591,060, all ap- plied to new work. For further details of previous projects see pages 1958-1959, Annual Report for 1915. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 61637-ENG 1923---93 1472 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Existing projects.--This project provides for a ship canal consist- ing of two dredged cuts, each 300 feet wide, the westerly 21 feet deep and the easterly 20 feet deep, extending from deep water in the St. Clair River a distance of 17,460 feet into Lake St. Clair, these cuts to be separated for a portion of this distance (about 7,221 feet) by a sand dike 100 feet wide, revetted on each side by sheet piling, the east side of the east cut to be protected by a dike of the same length, but only 50 feet in width, and for a channel 800 feet wide and 20'and 21 feet deep through the shoal at the entrance to the Detroit River, known as Grosse Pointe Channel. The following table gives the characteristic features of the exist- ing project: Used by up Name of channel. down orbound Project width. Project depth, Datum plane. vessels. St. Clair Flats Canal: Feet. Feet. East channel....... ...................... .... Up......... 300 20 573.8 West channel................. ................... Down....... 300 21 573.8 Channel lakeward of dikes ............................... Both........ 700-800 20 573.8 Grosse Pointe Channel ....................... ...... do.... 800 { 2 } 573.8 120-foot depth in upper 6 miles; 21-foot in lower 51 miles. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake St. Clair, which is taken at 573.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level 1860-1875. These depths corre- spond to depths of 19.5 and 20.5 feet on the Lake Survey chart of the localities. As measured by monthly mean levels the water may rise and fall during the navigation season each year as much as 1J feet. During the past 20 years the difference between the highest and lowest monthly mean levels during navigation season has been about 2J feet. Occasional fluctuations due to winds or high velocity may be as much as 1 foot in six hours. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1902, is $1,894,385.16, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918)' approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $15,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 5, 1886, provided for the present dikes (Annual Report for 1885, p. 2159); the act of July 13, 1892, provided for the deepening of the east cut of the canal and for dredging the channel at Grosse Pointe (H. Doc. No. 207, 51st Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the second cut at the canal for down-bound vessels (H. Doc. No. 234, 56th Cong., 2d sess.) ; and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for a 21-foot depth in the Grosse Pointe Channel for a length of about 51 miles (H. Doc. No. 188, 65th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map of the improvement at the Flats will be found at page 2046, Annual Report for 1907, and of the improve- ment of the Grosse Pointe Channel at page 2758, Annual Report for 1896. Recommended modification of project. None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. This improvement is in Lake St. Clair and serves the through commerce between the upper and lower Lakes. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1473 Effect of improvement.-All the commerce passing between the lower and upper Lakes passes through the channels in Lake $t. Clair. The effect of the improvement on the draft and size of vessels and the increased tonnage carried has been set forth in the report on St. Marys River under this same heading. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging to restore project depth in canals and lower approaches thereto under contract dated September 24, 1921, was in progress, 49,376 cubic yards of ma- terial being removed during the year. Surveys were made to deter- mine depths resulting from contract dredging. The south end of west dike at the canals was damaged in collision by the vessel Fordonianon August 31, 1922, and by the barge Saga- more on April 17, 1923. Arrangements have been completed for the repair of damage at the expense of the owners of the vessels concerned A custodian was employed at the canal to enforce rules and regu- lations and to make minor repairs. The amount expended during the fiscal year on work in this sec- tion of the ship channel was $23,311.94, all applied to maintenance as follows: Dredging for restoration of channel dimensions in canals and lower approach thereto -------------------------------------- $11, 689. 6 Surveys ------- ---------------------- 4, 843. 0 Custody of canal- -------------- --------------------- 579. 10 1,--- Office and other incidental expenses---------------------------5, 200. 13 Total _--------------- 23, 311. 94 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The work done in Lake St. Clair has consisted of deepening the channel by dredging, of construction of two sand dikes provided with revetments at the St. Clair Flats, and dredging the channel lakeward therefrom, and also the chan- nel at Grosse Pointe Shoal. The project was entirely completed in 1920. The dikes for St. Clair Flats Canal, east channel, were completed in 1892, when a second row of sheet piles was driven to a depth of 26 feet, thus permitting the deepening of this channel to 20 feet, which was completed in 1894. The deepening of the channel lakeward of the dikes was included in the contract for the latter work. The St. Clair Flats Canal, west channel, was completed in 1906 under one contract which included the dredging and the widen- ing of the dike which separates the east and west channels. The dredging of Grosse Pointe Channel to original project depth of 20 feet was completed in 1897, and the dredging of the lower 51 miles of this channel to a new depth of 21 feet was completed in November, 1920. The available width of the channel lakeward from the canal for some 2 miles has been considerably decreased by shoaling along its sides. Maintenance dredging under contract is now in progress for the restoration of project dimensions, to be completed during sea- son of 1923. In general the west dike is in substantial condition, except as to portion damaged by vessels at south end, which will be repaired at expense of vessel owners. The deterioration of the east dike neces- sitated its reconstruction for its entire length, 7,221 feet, its type being changed from a vertical-faced revetted dike to a riprapped earth mound. The work was completed in 1921, including construc- tion of ice breaker at north end. 1474 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The following table gives data as to controlling depths, widths, and lengths of channel at the close of the fiscal year: Project Control- Length Name of channel. datum Minimum o plane. dept . width channel. St. Clair Flats Canal: Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. East channel ................................. 573.8 20 294 7,500 West channel. ................. .. .... 573.8 20 300 7,500 Channel lakeward from dikes........................... 573.8 20 500 11,000 Grosse Pointe Channel............................. 573.8 { 201 600 32, 280 21 800 27,720 1 Central 600 feet upper portion. The total amount expended on the existing project is $1,779,423.03 fo riew work and $521,821.60 for maintenance, a total of $2,301,- 244.63. This amount does not include expenditures on St. Clair Flats Canal from allotments for operating and care, which amount to $235,346.42, nor expenditures for dredging in 1893-94 at the canal under ship-channel project, which amount to $107,024. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance ($35,205.78) will be applied as follows: Maintenance dredging, St. Clair Flats Canal channels, completion of contract (July and August, 1923) -------------------- $10, 000.00 Maintenance dredging, Lake St. Clair channels by U. S, dredges Burton orMeade (20 days or more when available) ------------- 15, 000. 00 Placing additional riprap on canal and lake faces of east dike, St. Clair Flats Canal (April or May, 1924) --------- 000. 00 __-------.5, Superintendence, inspection and contingencies._ . .___ 5, 205. 78 Total------------------- ------ ------------------- 35, 205. 78 The work will be completed and funds exhausted by June 30, 1924. The channel through Lake St. Clair has a length of some 16 miles. This is a critical portion of the through ship channel connecting the Great Lakes and is subject to continuous shoaling, more partic- ularly at the upper end, near the St. Clair Flats Canal, and at the lower end, toward the Detroit River. It is essential that project dimensions be maintained. To correct random settlement or disturb- ance of riprap along the canal and lake faces of the east dike at the Flats Canal, additional stone will be required in spots to prevent erosion by wave action. Accordingly, additional maintenance funds for dredging, for riprap protection, and contingencies, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, will be required as follows: Dredging--------------------------------------------- $10,000 Stone riprap, east dike.--------------------------------- 5, 000 Surveys and contingencies --------------- ----------------------- 5, 000 Total-------------------------------------------- 20, 000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce transported through this channel is as follows: Grain, copper, iron ore, pig iron, lumber, coal, stone, gravel, and general merchandise. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918......... ......... 82,979,184 8955,920,199 1921.................. 57,523,481$889,313,016 1919................... 68,958,651 924,045,923 1922 .................. 63,772,660 924,065,843 1920................. 75,602,648 1,067,509,390 RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1475 Vessels carrying freight on the improved portion of the channel usually load to the maximum draft available. The records show that 3,761,467 registered tons using the Detroit River did not pass through the St. Clair Flats Canal, but either stopped at Detroit or turned and went back down the river. Sub- tracting this amount from the total shown for the Detroit River leaves for the registered tonnage passing through the St. Clair Flats Canal 50,774,411 tons. Applying to this figure the same percentage of increase over registered freight as for Detroit River, 25.6 per cent, gives for the estimated actual freight carried through the canal 63,772,660 tons, and using the same unit value as for De- troit River, $14.49 per ton, gives' as the value of the actual freight $924,065,843. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $746.31: New work---------------------------------------- $2,370, 483. 03 Maintenance--- --------------- 521, 821. 60 Net total expended --------------------- 2, 892, 304. 63 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 2, 927, 510. 41 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ ......... $30,500.00 $46, 247.75 ....... i........... Expended for maintenance 1_..... 40,249.85 55,445.93 210,465.92 $61,843.90 $23,311.94 Total expended 1............ 40,249.85 85,945.93 256,713.67 61,843.90 23,311.94 Appropriated or allotted......... 173,000.00 85,000.00 47,000.00 ................ . 15,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------------------------- $43, 517. 72 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved March 2, 1923 000. 00 1------------------------- 58, 517. 72 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance_ 23, 311. 94 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ..---------- __ ---- _____ 35, 205. 78 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities _______-. _____ $3, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 7, 000. 00 10, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available .- ______-___--____ -_______ 25, 205. 78 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance- ---------------------------- 20, 000. 00 4. DETROIT RIVER, MICH. (A4.) Location and desecription.-The Detroit River connects Lakes St. Clair and Erie, and is about 28 miles long; but, including the chan- nel dredged through the shoal in Lake Erie adjacent to the river mouth, this section is 31 miles long. The drainage area above its out- let is 221,850 square miles. The smallest known discharge of the river is about 140,000 second-feet and the highest about 275,000 second-feet. The total fall is about 3 feet, most of which occurs in a length of about 5 miles in the lower portion of the river. In general, the river flows in a southerly direction, and the current is about 1 mile per hour, except at Limekiln Crossing, where the mean velocity SExclusive of available funds. 1476 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. is about 2.5 miles and the maximum about 5 miles per hour. The width of the river varies from one-half mile to about 3 miles; and there are a number of islands which divide the river into two or more channels. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 41.) Original condition.-The river was available for the purposes of comnierce prior to improvement. At that:time the, shoalest p~tof the channel was at Limekiln Crossing, about :8 miles above Detroit River Lighthouse, where the normal depth was from 12 to 15 feet at Lake Erie stage, 570.8 feet above mean tide at New York, over a bottom of solid rock. The river was navigable throughout its entire length. resios projects.-The original improvement was authorized by the act of June 23, 1874, and subsequent modifications by the acts of July 5, 1884, August 5, 1886, August 11, 1888, July 13, 1892, and March 3, 1899. Prior to commencement of operations under the existing project in 1904, $2,097,254 had been expended on new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1958 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an upbound channel, known as the Amherstburg Channel, 22 feet deep and 800 feet wide, from Lake Erie to the lower junction with Livingstone Channel, passing on the east side of Detroit River Lighthouse; thence 21 feet deep and at least 600 feet wide to the head of Livingstone Channel; thence 22 feet for similar width to the 22-foot contour at the head of Ballards Reef; for a down-bound channel, known as Livingstone Channel, west of Bois Blanc Island, 22 feet deep and at least 450 feet wide from its upper end to opposite Bar Point; thence 22 feet deep and 800 feet wide to the 22-foot contour in Lake Erie west of Detroit River Lighthouse; for a dike on the west bank of the rock cut through Livingstone Channel to ameliorate cross currents; for a compensating waste bank to the east of the cofferdam; for securing a straight channel 22 feet deep and 800 feet wide opposite Fighting Island; and for improving channel to Wyandotte by removing shoal at head of Grosse Isle. The following table shows the characteristic features of the existing project: Used by Length Distance . up or Ojct Pr jeet z: r. canne. Name of channel. channel. Length of mouth. from bound down- e width. depth. n planes. mouth, bound vessels. Feet. Miles. Feet. Feet. Fighting Island............ 25,000 12.0 Both....... 800 22 572.2-572.1 Grosse Isle Shoal........... 600 14.2 Local ........ ....... 20 572.1 Amherstburg............... 69,000.... Up......... 60021 572.0-670.8 (00 22 Livingstone .............. 60,800 Down.......... ....... 40 22 571.8-570. 8 By authority of river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, the channel passing to the west of Detroit River Lighthouse (formerly a part of Amherstburg Channel) is now included in Livingstone Channel proj- ect, and the, channel to the east of Detroit River Lighthouse (part of the original Livingstone Channel project) is now included in Amherstburg Channel project. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean level of the lake, 1860-1875. These depths corre- RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1477 spond to depths of 24.3, 23.3, and 22.3 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this river. Each year the river rises and falls about 2 feet as measured by the monthly mean levels. In the past 56 years the difference between the highest and the lowest monthly mean levels has been about 4 feet. Occasional fluctuations in depth of several feet, produced by high easterly or westerly winds, respectively, raise or lower the water level at the west end of Lake Erie and similarly affect the level of the lower Detroit River; such changes have been as much as 6 feet within eight hours. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1920, is $14,970,950, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The acts of June 13, 1902, March 3, 1905, and June 25, 1910, provided for the Amherstburg Channel and removal of Grosse Isle Shoal (H. Docs. Nos. 712, 56th Cong., 1st sess., and 40, 58th Cong., 3d sess.) ; the act of March 4, 1913, provided for the Fighting Island Channel (H. Doc. No. 17, 62d Cong., 1st sess.); and the acts of March 2, 1907, June 25, 1910, March 2, 1919, provided for the Livingstone Channel (H. Docs. Nos. 266, 59th Cong., 2d sess.; 676, 61st Cong., 2d sess.; and 322, 65th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest piblished map is inthe last-mentioned document. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. The only work known to have been done with funds supplied by other sources than Con- gress was the removal of some bowlders from the channel at Lime- kiln Crossing by the Canadian Government prior to the beginning of work by the United States. The exact amount expended is not known, but it is believed to have been a little more than $5,000. Terminal facilities.-This improvement serves the through com- merce between the upper and lower lakes, and it has not materially influenced the terminal facilities of the towns along its route except for the city of Detroit. Within the limits of this city there are more than 6 linear miles of docks fronting on the river, and the appliances for handling freight are adequate. A number of docks are owned by railroads and large manufacturing corporations over which no freight is received except for their own use. Other docks are owned by steamship lines where preference is given to their own vessels. There are, however, still other docks that are believed to be open to the use of all vessels upon equal terms, and such docks are adequate for the needs of the general commerce. It is understood the local authorities of the city of Detroit are investigating the matter of providing a public dock and warehouse, but the project has not yet been definitely adopted. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-A very large percentage of the total com- merce of the Great Lakes passes through this improvement, which forms one section of the through ship channel. A great increase in the draft of vessels has been permitted, resulting in vessels of greater tonnage. Greater speed without sacrificing safety has followed the addition of double channels. It is, believed that to those causes is due the reduction of freight rates on the Great Lakes. (S:ee statement under-this heading in report on St. Marys River.) 1478 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-The widening of Livingstone Channel under contract dated October 1, 1921, work on which was begun September 28, 1921, was coitinued until the completion of the contract requirements on November 28, 1922. Dur- ing the fiscal year the following work was done: Earth removed, fu I rate, 39,098.33 cubic yards; Tialf rate, 967.03 cubic yards; ledge rock removed, full rate, 48,138.55 cubic yards; half rate, 25,365.35 cubic yards; rock placed in west-side dike, 43,092 cubic yards; rock placed in east-side compensation works, 8,118 cubic yards. Further Livingstone Channel widening, under contract of January 17, 1923, was begun on April 20, 1923, and continued to the end of the fiscal year, the following work being accomplished: Earth re- moved,. full rate, 47,434 cubic yards; ledge rock removed, full rate, 7,800 cubic yards; and half rate, 3,816 cubic yards. As the result of contract operations, Livingstone Channel widen- ing to 450 feet was extended about 1,400 feet to a point about 21,200 feet from its upstream end; the west-side dike was extended lake- ward about 1,500 feet making a total dike length of about 8,700 feet; and the compensating work east of cofferdam was practically com- pleted. Bids were opened June 25 and contract authorized which will complete the Livingstone Channel widening with exception of area at lower end to be cleaned up by U. S. dredge Burton. An examination by sounding was made of the channels through Bar Point Shoals at the junction of the river with Lake Erie. No shoaling was found. Probings were taken to determine the ap- proximate amount of ledge rock within the area covered by the con- tract of January 17, 1923. The Amherstburg Channel was swept at project depths through- out the rock section extending from the head of Ballards Reef to Bar Point, a distance of 38,000 feet, during July and August, 1922, and again during May, 1923. A number of obstructions were found and removed as the result of each examination, thus restoring project depths. Hydraulic data relating to the slope and discharge of the various channels of the lower river were obtained to determine the effect thereon of channel improvements and the amount of compensation necessary. The total expenditure during the fiscal year was $489,729.87, of which $477,839.90 was for new work and $11,889.97 for maintenance, applied as follows: New work: Dredging---------- ------------------------------ $410, 896. 83 Surveys and inspection- .__---------- ---.---- .-- 12, 932. 81 Office and other incidental expenses, including $45,000 for re- modeling old customhouse to accommodate United States engineer office---- --------------------------- 54, 010. 26 Total, new work-------------------------------- 477, 839. 90 For maintenance, examination of channel, removal of obstructions, and incidental expenses----. --- - ------------ 11, 889. 97 489, 729. 87 Condition at the end of the ftsca year.-The project is about 91 per cent completed and the remaining 9.per cent is under contract. The work done consists of dredginge rock excavation and the son- RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1479 struction of dike and compensation work. Fighting Island Channel was completed in 1915, Amherstburg Channel, as now described, in 1914, and Grosse Isle Shoal Channel in 1914. The Livingstone Channel as originally projected was completed in 1915, but this project was modified by the act of March 2, 1919, which authorized the increase of the minimum width from 300 feet to 450 feet. Con- tract work under this authorization is in progress. At the end of the fiscal year, the controlling depths at the project plane of reference were as follows: At Fighting Island Channel, 21.8 feet for 800 feet width; at Livingstone Channel, 21.8 feet for 450 feet width and about 4 miles length at its north end, thence 300 feet width for about 2 miles, thence 800 feet width for about 31 miles to a point near De- troit River Lighthouse, thence 20.8 feet for 350 feet width and about 3 miles to deep water in Lake Erie; at Amherstburg Channel, 21.8 feet for a width of 600 feet north of the junction with Livingstone Channel, thence 20.8 feet for a width of 600 feet to a point about 1 mile north of Detroit River (Bar Point) Lighthouse and thence to Lake Erie, 21.8 feet for a width of 800 feet. The controlling depth of Grosse Isle Shoal Channel, as determined in 1919, was 20 feet. The total expenditures under existing project are $11,733,119.18, of which $11,690,028.74 were for new work and $43,090.44 for main- tenance. Proposed operations.-The amount unexpended at the end of the fiscal year was $1,339,880.82, which will be applied about as follows: Widening Livingstone Channel: Dredging under contract in force, to be. completed November, 1924 -------------------------------------------- $958, 455. 00 Dredging under second contract, authorized to be completed November, 1924 ------------------------------------ 308, 280. 00 By U. S. dredge Burton (one month when available), clean- ing up below the area covered by contract, to carry channel to deep water in Lake Erie__________________ 14, 800. 00 Channel examinations and removal of obstructions prior to June 30, 1925--------------------------------------20, 000. 00 Surveys, engineering, office and contingent expenses-------- 38, 345. 82 Total ------------------------------------ 1--339, 880. 82 1, Available funds will probably suffice for all operations in connec- tion with new work and maintenance to June 30, 1925. Accord- ingly, no additional funds are required. Commercial statistics.-Vessels carrying bulk freight, which forms about 95 per cent of the total tonnage, used a draft of 20 feet. Vessels carrying miscellaneous freight and lumber were loaded to about 18 feet and 15 feet respectively. Miscellaneous freight forms about 6 per cent and lumber about 1 per cent of the total tonnage. Following is a comparative statement of the commerce transported over the waterway during the past five years: Comparative statement. 1480 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The actual freight, in tons, that is carried through the Detroit River can be closely estimated by comparison with the tonnage of St. Marys Fall Canal, where records of both net registered and actual freight are kept. During the season of 1922 the actual freight pass- ing St. Marys Falls Canal was 25.6 per cent greater than the net registered tonnage. Since ahbot three-fourths of the Detroit 'ivier tonnage is St. Marys Falls Canal tonriage, there is no error in as- suming that the ratio for this three-fourths is the same for the Detroit River as for St. Marys Falls Canal, and it is reasonable to suppose that the ratio between the registered and freight tonnage of the remaining one-fourth is also the same as that for St. Marys Falls Canal. Therefore, increasing the registered tonnage by 25.6 per cent, the estimated actual freight of Detroit River is 68,497,062 short tons. The average value of the freight passing St. Marys Falls Canal during the season of 1922 was found to be $14.49 per ton. Assuming this unit value for Detroit River commerce, the total estimated value of the actual freight passing Detroit River during the season of 1922 would be $992,522,428. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,405.30: New work --------------------------------------- $13, 787, 282. 74 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 43, 090. 44 Net total expended__---------- --- ___---13, 830, 373. 18 Total appropriations to date of this report_________-----__ 15,170, 254. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ $1,237. 99 $22, 838.65 $375, 330.77 $440, 809. 07 $477, 839.90 Expended for maintenance 1..... 8,213.28 421.78 4,017.68 5,574.88 11, 889.97 Total expended 1................ 9,451.27 23,260.43 379,348.45 446,383.95 489, 729.87 Appropriated or allotted......... $750,000.00 ............ 518,000.00 1,000,000.00 400,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ---------------------------- $1, 429, 019. 81 Amount:allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923---------------------------------------- 4004 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 88 5-------------90. 1, 829, 610. 69 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year:' For new work -------------------------- $477, 839. 90 For maintenance _____1-__-___________ 1_ 889. 97 11, 489,729. 87 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------------------- 1,339, 880. 82 July, 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities --------------- 46, 310. 00 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts ---------------------------------- 970, 000. 00 1, 016, 310. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available______________-_______-_ .. 323, 570. 82 'Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1481 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $11,210.12: New work------------------------- --- $42, 872, 798. 78 $----- Maintenance-- 9, 657. 10 898------------------------ Net total expended-------------------------------43, 771,455. 88 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------45, 806, 453. 10 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ $679, 126. 80 $198, 806. 67 $594,421. 25 $703,161. 44 $521, 684. 66 Expended for maintenance 1.... 60,747.53 61,862.04 263, 920.20 146,870.95 113,695.18 Total expended 1.......... 739,874.33 260, 668.71 858,341.45 850, 032.39 635, 379.84 Appropriated or allotted......... 1,394,000,00 95,000.00 676,531.01 1,661, 000.00 965,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ---- $2, 194, 786. 18 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923------------------------------------965, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 - - -590. 88 3, 160, 377. 06 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment- 490, 000. 00 2, 670, 377. 06 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year:' For new work -------------------------- $521, 684. 66 For maintenance ----------------- - -- 113, 695. 18 635, 379. 84 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended 2, 034, 997. 22 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities 1--------------13, 020. 00 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts --------------------------------- 1, 389, 000. 00 1,502, 020. 00 -- July 1, 1923, balance available------------------ - 532, 977.22 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance ----------------------- - 270, 000. 00 'OPERATING AND CARE OF ST. MARYS FALLS CANAL, MICH. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for the improvement of St. Marys River at the Falls, Mich. See pages 1459 to 1467, where general informa- tion regarding the improvement can be found. The Weitzel Lock has been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since 1881, the Poe Lock since August 3, 1896, the 'Third Lock since October 21, 1914, and the Fourth Lock since Sep- tember 18, 1919. Operation and results during fiscal year.-Duringthe year ending December 31, 1922, the United States canal was open to navigation a Not 'deducting receipts from sales, etc. :,Exclusive of available funds. 1482 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 24& days, from April 17 to December 20, 1922. During that time a total of 13,876 vessels, aggregating 47,854,275 registered tons, and carrying 64,355,823 short tons of freight and 23,358 passengers, passed through the Poe, Third and Fourth Locks in 9,389 lockages. The Canadian Lock, at Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, open to naviga- tion 252 days, made 2,889 lockages and passed 3,507 vessels, with an aggregate registered tonnage of 4,741,582, and carrying 1,711,435 short tons of freight and 35,685 passengers. In addition to the work of operating the locks and canals, minor repairs were made to the lock masonry, buildings, plant, piers, and movable dam, Poe Lock culverts, and tools; repairs were made to the Third and Fourth Lock machinery. This work was all done by the lock employees and hired labor. The total expenditures during the fiscal year were $246,141.89. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The Weitzel Lock has been out of commission since October 31, 1918, its operation not being neces- sary. The Poe, Third, and Fourth Locks are in operation. The prin- cipal features of the four locks are stated in the table on page 1460. The Weitzel and Poe Locks are served by one canal, and the Third and Fourth Locks by a separate canal. The depth that may be car- ried through the smallest lock is 12.6 feet, and through the largest lock 24.5 feet at low water, but the channels leading to the locks re- strict the draft to 21 feet at low-water datum. The total expendi- tures for operating and care from 1881, when the Weitzel Lock was put in service, to the end of the fiscal year amount to $3,838,401.11. Proposed operations. The locks and canals will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite approp- riation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-All the commerce passing between the lower lakes and Lake Superior ports uses the locks and canals at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., and Ontario. During 1922, 97 per cent of the total freight and 40 per cent of the total number of passengers carried passed through the American canal. The limit of draft for boats during the season of 1922 was determined by the available depth in the channels in the lakes and rivers above and below the canal, and was about 20 feet. About 75 per cent of the bulk freight carried was by vessels capable of loading to the available draft. Vessels carrying miscellaneous freight and lumber loaded to a draft of 15 to 18 feet. Bulk freight forms about 98 per cent of the total tonnage. Comparative statement. Calendar tons Value Passen- Calendar Short tons. Value. Passen- year. gers. year. gers. 1918......... 85,680, 327 $987, 005,347 34,990 1921......... 48,259,254 746,134,195 66,621 1919......... 68,235,542 914513 944 6,992 1922......... 66,067,258 95,,126,634 t9, 043 1920......... 79,282,496 1,119774214 68,451 The commerce during the current year consisted of flour, wheat, grain, copper, iron ore, manufactured and pig iron, coal, lumber, salt, oil, stone, and general merchandise. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1483 MACKINAC, CHEBOYGAN, ROGERS CITY, ALPENA, HARBOR BEACH, AND MONROE HARBORS; SAGINAW, BLACK, CLINTON, AND ROUGE RIVERS, MICH. (GROUP B.) 6. MACKINAC HARBOR, MICH. (BI.) Location and description.--Thisharbor is situated on the southeast end of Mackinac Island, which is located in the Straits of Mackinac at the northern end of Lake Huron, a distance of 151 miles by water in a northwesterly direction from the harbor of Cheboygan, on the mainland. It is a natural indentation of the coast line, semicircular in form, protected by breakwaters extending from Mission and Bid- die Points, the area inclosed being about 34 acres. The extreme length of the harbor between Mission and Biddle Points is about 2,400 feet and the greatest width is about 2,000 feet. (See United States Lake Survey chart No. 5.) Original condition.-Priorto improvement this harbor was avail- able for the purposes of commerce, as at mean lake levels there was a least depth of 18 feet to the docks. Shipping, however, was unsafe during periods of southeasterly and westerly storms. Previous projects.-None. Emisting project.-This provides for two breakwaters, 700 and 1,300 feet long, extending from Mission and Biddle Points, respec- tively, of stone riprap and bowlders, where this form of construction would cost less than cribwork. The extreme fluctuation of stage of water in the harbor has amounted to about 4.6 feet, the difference between the highest and lowest monthly mean stages. The ordinary seasonal rise and fall is about 1 foot. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1900, is $80,000. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 646, 56th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 274, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The harbor has two piers at right angles to shore and extending to 20 feet depth of water, which are accessible to boats on both sides. These piers are privately owned but open to all vessels upon equal terms. These terminal facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been" to provide a reasonably safe approach to and berth at the landing wharves and to afford shelter to vessels lying in the harbor. It is not believed that it has had any appreciable effect upon water rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done dur- ing the year. The amount expended, $5, was for expenses incurred in connection with compilation of commercial statistics. o Condition at end of fiscal year.-The work done has been the construction of two rubble-mound breakwaters, provided for by the project, which were completed in 1914. The south breakwater shows some loss of stone near its outer end, but the deterioration is slight and the structure is accordingly fully effective. The controlling 1484 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. depth to the docks within the harbor is 18 feet, as shown by examina- tion made during 1921. The expenditures were $77,982.12 for new work and $66.40 for maintenance, a total of $78,048.52. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended ($56.38) will be applied to examinations of the harbor, during the next fiscal year. No work is proposed for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, ex- cept surveys and inspections related to maintenance. The amount required for the fiscal year 1925 ($250) is inteided to'cover expenses connected therewith. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the past year consisted of coal and general merchandise. The limit of draft for loaded boats is about 18 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918.......................11,920 $692,190 1921........... ................ 8,382 $746,310 1919...:.................. 16,000 819,950 1922..................... ,350 741,750 1920..................... 11, 179 760,459 In addition to the freight received and shipped there is a large passenger traffic during the summer months. Both the American and Canadian passenger vessels which run on through lines from the lower lakes to Lakes Michigan and Superior stop at this port, and there are special lines of vessels between it and Chicago, Mil- waukee, Detroit, Cheboygan, Mackinaw City, St. Ignace, the Chene- aux Islands, and Sault Ste. Marie. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work--------------- ----------------------- $77, 982. 12 Maintenance_____ ________________________--66. 40 Net total expended---------------- 78, 048. 52 Total appropriations to date of this report____________________ 78, 104. 90 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work... Expended for maintenance.... $24.88 .............. $36.52 $5.00 Appropriated or allotted...................... .... . ............ July 1, 1922, balance unexpended----------------------------- $956. 48 Deduction on account of amount transferred to Alpena Harbor, Mich__ 895. 10 61. 38 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance___ 5. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------------------------- 56. 38 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance ---- - - - - - 250. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1485 7. CHEBOYGAN HARBOR, MICH. (B2.) Location and description.-This harbor is located on the lower reach of the Cheboygan River and is about 100 miles distant from Alpena, Mich., in a northwesterly direction. The river, which is 5J miles long, has its source in Mullet Lake, from which it flows in a northerly direction, emptying into the Straits of Mackinac, Lake Huron. The total drainage area, including the several small lakes above its source,. is about 1,300 square miles. The volume of dis- charge is unknown. At the head of improved portion there is a dam and a small lock which has a lift of about 14.5 feet, but else- where the fall is unknown. The river is nontidal and the current sluggish. The width of the river varies from 100 to 300 feet, and the improved portion is about 1 mile in length. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 5.) Original condition.-Prior to improvement there was a minimum low-water depth of about 6 feet at the mouth of the river, which was about 200 feet wide at this point, and the commerce of the town was conducted from docks built in deep water in the Straits of Mackinac, the various commodities being transported between the harbor and these docks by means of lighters. The river was navigable a dis- tance ofabout 54 miles above the mouth, and boats drawing 4 to 5 feet could navigate a farther distance of about 30 miles through the streams and lakes forming what is known as the " Inland route." Previous project.-The original project was authorized by the act of March 3, 1871, and modified by act of June 14, 1880, and $129,828:24 was expended on new work prior to commencement of operations under the existing project in 1896. For further details of previous projects see page 1956 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 181 feet deep and 200 feet wide from the Straits of Mackinac to the outer end of the west pier, and between lines parallel to and 25 feet from the docks from that point to the State Road Bridge; and thence 81 feet deep and 60 'feet wide from this bridge to the lock in the Cheboygan River. The length of the section included in the project is 11,720 feet, of which 6,000 feet are in the straits. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Huron, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean .tide level at New York. These depths correspond to depths of 17.4 and 7.4 feet on the Lake Survey chart of the locality. Each year the level of the river rises and falls about 3 feet. From day to day the level changes somewhat, due to wind and barometric pressure, such changes some- times amounting to a foot or more. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1907, is $90,797.60, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for the 181-foot channel (Annual Report for 1895, p. 2823); and the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the 84-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 537, 59th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1903, page 1984. Recommended modification of project.-None. 1486 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Local cooperation.-None required by law. In 1872 the citizens of Cheboygan contributed $2,000 toward the improvement of the river, this amount being expended in dredging inside the inner end of the channel provided by the United States. Terminal facilities.-The harbor has one dock of about 1,000 feet length, which is privately owned but open to all vessels upon equal terms. There are also several other docks of less than 100 feet length which are privately owned and used. These terminal fa- cilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doe. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Vessels of larger capacity can now easily and safely enter the harbor, with result that coarse freights, such as lumber and coal, are handled by water at this port and con- siderable package freight passes over the wharves. The improve- ment has resulted in materially lessening costs of handling bulk commodities. Operations and results during fiaal year.-An examination was made in June, 1923, to determine existing channel depths. The amount expended, $121.69, was for surveys, compilation of com- mercial statistics, and incidental expenses. Conditionat end of fiscal year.-The existing project was completed in 1913, the work consisting entirely of dredging. The controlling depths at the end of the fiscal year were in general 16.5 feet in the 18 -foot section, except for a length of about 600 feet below State Street Bridge, where least depth is about 12 feet; and 6 feet for the 8f-foot section. The outer end of old slab pier on the western side of the harbor entrance was stone riprapped in 1921, to prevent chan- nel obstruction from its further deterioration. The upstream limit of the improvement is at the lock about 11,000 feet above the mouth. Light-draft boats navigate a farther distance of 30 miles. The same draft is usually practicable throughout the navigation season. The total expenditures under the existing project are $69,783.81 for new work and $16,088.23 for maintenance, a total of $85,872.04. Proposed operations.-The balance in hand, $1,799.72, is insuffi- cient for any maintenance work, and accordingly will be conserved for combination with future funds. The channel at Cheboygan has well maintained itself, with small maintenance expenditures during the past five years. A few mod- erately shoal spots are observable, however, toward its outer end, and there is some shoaling along the sides of that portion con- fronting the Cheboygan docks. It is thus evident that during the fiscal year 1925 expenditure is likely to be required, as follows: Dredging 15,000 cubic yards, at 30 cents------------------------$4, 500 Surveys and contingencies------------------ 500 Total__------------- ---------------------------------- 5, 000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the past year consisted mainly of coal, fish, and general merchandise. The usual limit of draft for loaded boats is about 15 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1487 Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Caledarn year. Short tons. Value. 1918.............. ..... 128,124 $1,672,751 1921 ..................... 10,210 $639,441 1919.... 100,775 1,638,229 1922 ....................... 17,880 599, 250 1920..................... 70,197 1,063,105 Vessels carrying freight on the improved portions of the channel usually load to the maximum draft available. This harbor was not a port of call for passenger vessels during 1922. Financialsummary. Amount 'expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $225: New work.. ----------------------------------------- $199, 612. 05 Maintenance -------------- ------------ -------- 16,088. 23 Net total expended---------------------------------215, 700. 28 Total appropriations to date of this report----_---------. ---- 217, 500.00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work..... ............................................... Expended for maintenance 1..... 3161.65 $133.63 $98.58 37, 251.76 $121.69 Appropriated or allotted........ ............. $5,000.00 ............. ................... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended __-____-$1, 921.41 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance__ 121. 69 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended --------------- ------------- 1, 799. 72 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance-------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 8. ROGERS CITY HARBOR, MICH. (B3.) Location and description.-Rogers City is situated on the shore of Lake Huron, about 40 miles distant in a southeasterly direction from Cheboygan by water. There is no natural harbor at this locality, the city being located on the shore of the lake, with docks extending out from the same. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 5.) Original condition.-The harbor was available for the purposes of commerce only for such vessels as could land at the docks, approach to same being obstructed by a bar which had a depth of water over it of 11 feet at 579.6 feet above mean tide at New York. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel 14J feet ,deep and 200 feet wide through the bar. The project depth is re- ferred to low-water datum for Lake Huron, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds 'Exclusive of available funds. 61637-ENG 1923----94 148 REPORT OF CHIEF OF 'ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. to a depth of 13.4 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The seasonal rise and fall of water level is about 1 foot. The ex- treme fluctuation of stage of water has amounted to about 4.6 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1910, is $6,000. The latest (1910) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (Rivers and Harbors Com. Doc. No. 28, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). No map of the harbor has been published. Recommended modification of proect.-None. Local cooperation.--The adoption of the existing project was con- ditioned upon the furnishing of suitable wharf and dock privileges to all on equal terms and at reasonable rates. Assurance to this effect was given by the Loud-Hoeft Lumber Co., and approved by the Secretary of War September 27 1910. Terminal facilities.-There are three docks, which are privately owned, but open to all vessels upon equal terms, and local interests have expended about $1,500 in deepening the channel leading thereto. These terminal facilities are considered adequate for existing com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made a safe ap- proach to the docks for vessels of greater draft. Its effect on water freight rates, however, can not be stated. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No work was neces- sary during the past year, as the existing channel affords ample depth and width for the needs of commerce. The expenditures were $0.25 for maintenance, applied to compilation of commercial statistics. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 65 per cent completed. The work done at this harbor has been the deepening by dredging of the channel across the bar, which has resulted in providing a channel 144 feet deep and 130 feet wide. The work to be done to complete the project is the widening of the channel from 130 to 200 feet. The controlling depth was 14 feet at low- water datum, as shown by an examination made during June, 1921. The total expenditures are $5,666.34 for new work and $143.04 for maintenance, a total of $5,809.38. Proposed operations.---The funds unexpended ($50) will be ap- plied to examinations of the harbor. No work is. proposed for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. except surveys and inspections related to maintenance. Amount required for this purpose is $250. Commercial statistics.There has been no commerce at this har- bor since 1919, fr the reason that it is no longer a port of call for passenger steamers. The following comparative' statement gives the extent of commerce for former years. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. vlue. Calendar year., Short tons. Value. 1918...................... 2,960 $199,050 1921............... ....... .... 1919 ...................... 1920.......................... 2,450 I......... 185,600 1922... .................... RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1489 CALCITE, MICH. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918. ............. .... 4, 305, 000 $3, 186, 250 1921....................... 3,503,260 $2, 157, 029 1919................. 4,501, 820 2,826,423 1922.... ................. 5,968, 510 4,031, 361 1920.................... 6, 544, 614 3,817,452 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ------------------------------------------------ $5, 666. 34 Maintenance ------------------------------------------------ 143. 04 Net total expended---------------------------------------5, 809. 38 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------------- 5, 859. 38 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........ Expended for maintenance... .............. ......... ........ ......... ....... $84.95 ...................... $55.78 $0.25 Appropriated or allotted........ ............. ..... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended----______ _____-_-___ __ $190.87 Deduction on account of amount transferred to Alpena Harbor, Mich__ 140. 62 50. 25 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance__ 0. 25 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------------- 50. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance ___------------------ ----- 1250. 00 9. ALPENA HARBOR, MICH. (B4.) Location and description.-This harbor is located on the northwest shore of Thunder Bay, Lake Huron, and on the lower reach .of the Thunder Bay River, and is 96 miles distant in a northerly direction from Harbor Beach, Mich. The river, which is about 45 miles long, has its source in Montmorency and Alpena Counties, Mich., flows in an easterly direction, and empties into Thunder Bay. The area of the drainage basin is about 1,200 square miles. The fall and volume of discharge are unknown. The river is nontidal and the current sluggish. The general width of the river is about 200 feet in the improved portion, which is about seven-eighths mile in length. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 5.) Original condition. Before any improvements were made there was a minimum low water depth of 7 feet over the bar at the mouth of the river, and greater depths inside the mouth. The river was, about 200 feet wide at the mouth. It was navigable only about a mile above its mouth, further navigation being interrupted by a dam at that point. Previous projects.-The original project was authorized by the act of August 14, 1876, and modified by the act of August 2, 1882. The 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1490 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. total amount expended prior to commencement of operations under the existing project in 1890 was $18,888.70 for new work. For fur- ther details of previous projects; see page 1957 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 16J feet deep from that depth in Thunder Bay to a point on Thunder Bay River seven- eighths of a mile above the lighthouse; for the protection of the siaid channel on the south side by the construction of a rubble mound over a length of about 660 linear feet landward from the end of the old docks, and by the construction of a rubble breakwater from the same point lakeward for a distance of about 370 feet; for channel width of 200 feet from the 161-foot contour in Thunder Bay to the outer end of the breakwater, thence tapering to 100 feet just above the inner end of the breakwater, thence 100 feet to Second Avenue Bridge, thence 75 feet to Miner Lumber Co.'s wharf, thence 50 feet to upper limit of improvement. The total length of the river included in the project is 4,620 feet, and the improved channel ex- tends a farther distance of 2,500 feet into the bay beyond the light- house. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Huron, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to a depth of 15.4 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. Each year the level of Thunder Bay River rises and falls about 3 feet. From day to day the level changes somewhat, due to wind and barometric pressure, such changes fre- quently amounting to more than a foot. The estimate of cost of new work revised in 1919 is $103,600, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for the dredging (Annual Report for 1889, p. 2288); and act of March 2, 1919, as amended by act of September 22, 1922, provided for the other fea- tures (H. Doc. No. 830, 65th Cong., 2d sess., and R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 1, 67th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 830, Sixty-fifth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Priorto the time. work of improvement was undertaken by the United States the Alpena Harbor Improvement Co., acting under a charter granted by the State of Michigan in 1865, improved, the mouth of the river by building piers and by dredging. The piers were formed of cribs sunk with stone and hav- ing a superstructure of slabs. The amount expended by this com- pany and its successor was about $40,000, and a depth of 11 feet was secured. Some dredging was also done during the spring of 1875 by private parties at a cost of about $3,000, and since the im- provement of the harbor was begun by the United States dredging has been done by private parties at various times. The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, as amended by river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, requires local interests to deed to the United States, free of cost, about 830 linear feet of dock on the south side of the entrance channel and a strip of land 75 feet wide, measured from the face of the docks. The required dedication has been completed. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1491 Terminal facilities.-There are docks for total lengths of about 2,000 feet on the right bank and about 2,100 feet on the left bank. These docks are privately owned, but about 800 feet length of that on the right bank is open to public use on equal terms. These ter- minal facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made water trans- portation much easier, enabling freighters of larger capacity to enter the harbor, with consequential beneficial effect on water rates. It has likewise assured safe and commodious accommodations for first-class passenger boats, resulting in great convenience in personal travel and package exchange between Detroit and intermediate ports. Operations and results during fiscal year.-A survey made in June, 1922, disclosed'extensive shoaling at harbor entrance and toward the upper limits of improvement. Project depths were restored under written agreement for furnishing and operating a dredging plant, between September 9 and October 6, 1922, when 36,511 cubic yards, scow measurement, of material were removed, at a cost of $11,829.67 to the United States and $5;946 to local interests. Also, as a result of flood conditions in April, 1923, a survey of April 28 revealed the existence of further extensive shoaling at harbor entrance and above Second Avenue Bridge. Thereupon, under a written agreement for furnishing and operating a dredging plant, operations for the restoration of project depth were begun June 21, 1923, and at the close of the fiscal year were about 80 per cent completed. Material, a large portion of which was logs and lumber refuse, was removed to the extent of 26,455 cubic yards, at a cost of $8,872.50. A portion of the work remaining to be done above Second Avenue Bridge will be at the expense of local interests. The amount expended during the fiscal year was $12,981.78, of which $101.51 was for new work and $12,880.27 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 25 per cent completed, the work done consisting of dredging to deepen and widen the channel and of placing rock piles on the outer end of the slab piers at the entrance to the river to prevent their destruction by wave action. The work still to be done is the repair of the docks on the south side, the construction 'of a breakwater, and dredging to secure a uniform width of 200 feet at the entrance, all deferred pending fulfillment of conditions of local cooperation. Dredging, in restoration of project depths, is in progress. The head of navi- gation for boat traffic is a dam about 1 mile above the mouth of the river, placed by private parties prior to the adoption in 1876 of the first project for river improvement. The depths are fairly uni- form throughout the navigation season, except for the fluctuations due to wind and barometric pressure. The total expenditures under the existing project are $22,098.55 for new work and $64,504.21 for maintenance, a total of $86,602.76. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended at the end of the fiscal year was $82,721.30, of which $69,934.12 is applicable to new work and $12,787.18 to maintenance. Funds for new work will be used in the construction of a rubble- mound breakwater, about 1,030 feet in length, along the south side of channel at mouth of Thunder Bay River, and for dredging to 1492 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEER$, 17. S. ARMY, 1923. widen the entrance channel to 200 feet. The breakwater will be completed early in the next fiscal year (the work being now under. advertisement), and the dredging will be done early in the season of 1924. As a result of these operations new work funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. Maintenance funds will be applied about as follows: Payment for dredging in restoration of channel in progress at close of fiscal year,,- ------------------------------------ $10, 000. 00 Emergency dredging, spring of 1924------------------------- 2,500. 00 Surveys and office expenses --------- --- -- - 287.18 _-- Total --------------------------------------------- 12, 787. 18 Accordingly, maintenance funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. Future operations will be limited to maintenance of channel and breakwater. It is believed, however, that provision for. such maintenance should contemplate the possibility of the recurrence of disastrous floods, such as have developed in succession during the past two years, with the result of heavy shoaling in the Thunder Bay channel. Accordingly, to insure such maintenance, the addi- tional funds that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, should cover at least the following: Dredging about 10,000 cubic yards, at 50 cents-------------------- $5, 000 Superintendence and inspection--.----------------------- 500 Total -- ---------------- ---------- ------------- 5, 500 Commercial statistic8.-The commerce of this harbor consists of fish, coal, sand, and gravel. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918.................. 1,301,730 $4, 126, 725 1921. ................. . 627,740 $3,074,733 1919............ ........ 913, 351 3, 802,177 1922..................1..... 1, 008, 629 3, 432, 241 1920.......... ........ 1,1 20,989 4,896,741 1 Includes commerce on Bay Shore, 2 miles north of the river, viz, 984,129 tons, value $3,177,324. Vessels carrying freight on the improved portion of the channel usually load to the maximum draft available. During the past year 24,500 tons of freight, having a value of $254,917, used the improved section of the harbor. The increase in tonnage and value during 1922 was due to greater activities of the Michigan Alkali Co. on Bay Shore. Some mer- chandise was carried by rail, as in former years. This harbor was not a port of call for passenger steamers during 1922. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $225: New work------------ -------------- ---------------- $40, 987. 25 Maintenance----------------------------------------- 64, 504. 21 Net total expended ------------------------ 105, 491. 46 Total appropriations to date of this report_- --------------- 188, 212. 76 RIVERS AND .HARBORS--DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 4983 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1..... 210.67 $85.90... .. ... .. $400.00 $101.51 Expended for maintenance 1..... 6, 972. 35 201.95 $8,970. 90 255. 75 12, 880. 27 Total expended......... .... 7,183.02 287,85 8,970.90 655.75. 12, 981.78 Appropriated or allotted......... 79, 500. 00................. 5,4)00.00 19,212.76 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------ ---------------------- $76,490. 32 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923--------------------------- ----------------- 4, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922--- ------------------------------------- 12, 000.00 Amount transferred from other works in district--___ 3, 212. 76 95, 703. 08 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work-------------------------------- $101. 51 For maintennce__ --- -- 1------------------ 12, 880. 27 12, 981. 78 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--------------------------- 82, 721. 30 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities --..----- ---.. - 10, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available---------. ------ ------------- 72, 721. 30 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance.,----------------------------5, 500. 00 10. SAGINAW RIVER, MICH. (B5.) Location and description.-This river is formed by the union of the Tittabawassee and Shiawassee Rivers at the southerly limits of the city of Saginaw, flows in a ,ortherly direction a distance of 22 miles, and discharges into the south end of Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. The total area of the drainage basin is about 6,300 square miles. The discharge of the river at high water is 66,394 cubic feet per second. The river is nontidal and the current sluggish. The fall in the entire length of the river is less than 1 foot. The average width is 700 feet. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 5.) Original condition.-Prior to improvement the entrance to the river was obstructed by a bar in Saginaw Bay having a minimum low-water depth over it of about 9 feet. Between the mouth and Bay City the.depth varied from 15 to 30 feet. Thence to the head of the river there were a number of shoal places having only 7 feet of water over them. The river was navigable throughout its entire length. Previous projects.- The original project was authorized by the act of June 23, 1866, and subsequent modifications by the acts of June 23, 1874, June 18, 1878, March 3, 1879, August 2, 1882, and August 5, 1886. The total amount expended on all projects, prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1910, was $962,556.26, which can not now be separated into the amounts for lnew work and maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1957 of Annual Report for 1915. 1 Not deducting receipts from 'sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1494 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 193., Existing project.-This provides for a channel 181 feet deep and 200 feet wide from Saginaw Bay to the mouth of the river, 41 miles, and thence 16j feet deep to the junction with the Tittabawassee River, 22 miles. The project depths are referred to low-water datum: for Lake Huron, which is taken at 579.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. These depths correspond to depths of 17.4 and 15.4 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. Each year the level of the river rises and falls about 3 feet. Spring freshets and exces- sive rains may cause an abnormal rise of as much as 14 feet. Occa- sionally a considerable change takes place within a few hours result- ing from the raising or lowering of Saginaw Bay by violent winds.. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1913, is $786,00(). exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1910) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 740, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) The latest; published map of the locality is in the project document. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-At the cities of Bay City and Saginaw, about 13 miles apart on the Saginaw River, there were formerly several: thousand feet length of docks on both sides of the river in use by the lumber industry, which are no longer kept in repair. At present the lengths of docks in a fair state of repair and in use are about 2,700 feet at Bay City and 1,000 feet at Saginaw. These docks are privately owned and are understood to be open to all vessels upon equal terms.. Between Bay City and Saginaw there are a number of small docks, privately owned and so used as landing places for motor boats and pleasure craft. These terminal facilities are con- sidered adequate for the existing cdinmerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.--The improvement of this channel has: rendered transportation by water easier and better, and it undoubt- edly has had a beneficial effect on water rates, though to what extent can not be stated. Although water traffic has declined in recent years, there is evidence of renewed interest and probable activity such as to materially enhance future benefits from said improvement. Operations and results during fiscal year.-A survey to deter- mine controlling depths was completed in July, 1922. The ex- penditures, amounting to $1,933.92, were for this work and inci- dental expenses, all applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Wing dams and revetments, which were completed in 1891, have deteriorated considerably. The, dredging of the river was completed in 1914. The controlling depth at project reference plane is 13 feet (found in the bay sec- tion of the improvement), as shown by survey during 1922. Although existing depths have heretofore been ample for naviga- tion requirements, new industries recently established near the, mouth of river will make necessary the restoration of project depths. The river is navigable for its entire length of about 22 miles, and throughout the navigation season for drafts of something more- than 14 feet. The expenditures under the existing project are $771,134.94 for new work and $2,683.65 for maintenance, a total: of $773,818.59. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1495 Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended ($60,198.11) will be applied to maintenance, as follows: Dredging of channel through bars in bay and river by U. S. dredge Meade (August to October, 1923) -------------------------- $57,000.00 Office, survey, and other contingent expenses-------------------. 3, 198. 11 Total --------------------------------------------- 60,198. 11 No maintenance expenditures of moment have been made on chan- nels of Saginaw Bay and River since the completion of the existing project in 1914. During the war period and subsequent thereto commerce to this locality materially depreciated, with the result that recent years have required depths sufficient mainly for lumber car- riers of comparatively shallow draft. A renewal of interest in the Saginaw channel followed the es- tablishment of a large, new industry at Bay City for the manu- facture of Portland cement and the construction of warehouses along the water front. This will necessitate the movement on Saginaw River of considerable quantities of coarse freight--coal, limestone, and cement. A new package freight line, to ply between Saginaw and Erie ports, is also in prospect. It is believed that this additional traffic will require the restoration of project depths, at least through the bar which now obstructs the entrance channel in the bay, and through several similar shoals in the river. The deterioration at spots or crossings of the river and in the channel through Saginaw Bay will necessitate for the commerce anticipated annual maintenance estimated to involve something in excess of 150,000 yards. It is proposed that this maintenance be provided for next year by the use, for about one month or more, of the U. S. dredge Meade, as follows: Dredging 150,000 yards--------- .------ --- ------ ---- $20, 000 Surveys and contingencies-- ___------------- --------------------- 5, 000 Total ------------------------------------------ .... 25, 000 Commercial statistics.- The commerce of this river consists mainly of lumber products, fish, and sand. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918 .................... 107,141 $1,773,802 1921.................... 54, 254 $1,014,110 1919 .................. ... 73,119 1,086,406 1922...................... 85,827 1,010,238 1920............ ......... 98, 905 2, 040,265 Vessels carrying freight on the improved portion of the channel usually load to the maximum draft available. The increase in amount of commerce during 1922 was mainly due to increase in sand and gravel of small unit value. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $715: New work _____________---------$1, 733, 691.20 Mintenance------------------------------------- 2, 683 .65 Net total expended _-_ -- 1, 736, 374. 85 Total appropriations to date of this report------- 1, 796, 572. 96 1496 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.: S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work................ ....... ......................... expended for maintenance 1........... .......... .. 98.02 $476.99 $1,933.92 Appropriated or allotted....... ........... ................................... 60,000.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended- ---------------------- $4, 309. 07 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923- ----------------------------------- 60, 000. 00 64, 309. 07 Deduction on account of amount transferred to Alpena Harbor, Mich------------------..-- -------------------------- 2, 177. 04 62, 132. 03 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance , 933. 92 1------------------------ July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------------------------- 60, 198 11 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance25,------------------ ---- 125,000. 00 11. HARBOR OF REFUGE AT HARBOR BEACH, LAKE HURON, MICH. (B6.) Location and description.-Thisharbor is located on the west shore of Lake Huron, about 60 miles north of the city of Port Huron. No harbor originally existed at this locality, the present harbor being an artificial one formed by breakwaters of cribwork filled with stones so located in the lake as to shelter a water area of about 650 acres. The harbor has an extreme length of about 6,000 feet and width of about 4,500 feet. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 5.) Original condition.-Before the construction of the harbor of refuge a dock had been built out into the lake from the shore, and vessels landed at this dock when weather conditions permitted. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the formation of a harbor of refuge with an entrance channel 23 feet deep and 600 feet wide, and an anchorage area approximately 3,000 feet long and 1,200 feet wide, 21 feet deep, protected by stone-filled timber crib breakwaters, the main breakwater to be 4,716 feet long, the north one to be 1,804 feet long and attached to the main breakwater, and the south one to be 1,956 feet long. The project depths are referred to a stage 579.6 feet above mean tide at New York and 2 feet below mean level of the lake, 1860-1875. These depths correspond to depths of 21.9 and 19.9 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. The normal elevation of the water surface in Lake Huron varies from year to year. During each year the level is subject to a seasonal rise and fall, the lowest stages prevailing during winter and the highest during summer months. Such yearly changes, measured by monthly mean levels, may be as 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1497 much as 1J feet. During the past 20 years the difference between the highest and lowest monthly mean levels has been about 2 feet. Occasional fluctuations due to winds of high velocity may be as much as 2 feet in eight hours. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1917, is $1,658,550. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1871, adopted the site and made provision for the harbor (Annual Report for 1873, p. 292) ; the act of August 8, 1917, provided for closing the north entrance and dredging the main entrance and the anchorage area (H. Doc. No. 1700, 64th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the proj- ect document. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is but one dock, about 500 feet long, within the harbor. This dock is privately owned, but it is open to all vessels upon equal terms. Terminal facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The harbor has been a benefit to com- merce by affording a safe refuge to vessels in storms, thereby lessen- ing the risks of navigation, with a consequent favorable effect upon water-borne freight and vessel insurance rates. During calendar yeai'1922, 190 vessels, representing a total tonnage of 86,064, sought shelter at this harbor. Operations and results during the fiscal year.--The new work of dredging entrance channel and anchorage area to project depth was continued under contract to completion on November 25, 1922. There were removed from the anchorage area 40,321 cubic yards, place measurement. Repairs, by hired labor, were made to the main breakwater by the replacement of old fenders by new material. Surveys were made to determine depths resulting from contract dredging, and to determine amount of stone necessary to repair existing riprap re- inforcement to breakwaters because of settlement and displacement. The amount expended during the fiscal year was $18,553.61, of which $13,800.32 was for new work and $4,753.29 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1922. The breakwaters were completed in 1885, affording an artificial harbor of refuge which has a controlling depth of 23 feet at its entrance and an area of about 72 acres, with depths of 21 feet and over at project reference plane, as shown by examination late in the season of 1922. Riprap protection has been placed on the lake face of the main breakwater for a length of about 5,550 feet. Since its deposit this riprap appears generally to have been stable and to have served its intended purpose. However, there has been some settlement at the rubble-mound closure of north entrance, and additional riprap is required along the south breakwater for about 300 feet length. Also for a length of about 900 feet from the north- east angle of main breakwater the stone has markedly settled, and 1498 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. throughout entire length of breakwater mant individual pieces have been displaced, being storm tossed in places to a distance of 50 to 100 feet from the toe of the riprap slope. The portions of the work stated will require strengthening and restoration to effective grade by the recovery of displaced stones and the furnishing and placing of suitable additional riprap. The total expenditures are $2,555,473.02, of which $1,178,304.79 was applied to new work and $1,377,168.23 to maintenance. Proposed operations.-Balance now unexpended, $45,776.75, will be applied to the placing of stone riprap along about 300 feet of south" breakwater; to restoring to effective grade the riprap rein- forcement of main breakwater, and to necessary renewals of its timberi fenders. This work will be done early in the next fdil year, and funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. Because of severe wave action it is of recurring necessity that repairs be made to the timber portions of the breakwater structures, and that disturbed stone riprap be replaced or adjusted. Funds should be in hand in order that these repairs or adjust- ments may be made promptly before damage becomes aggravated by successive storms. Accordingly, about $10,000 should be made available for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, to be expended about as follows: Replacing riprap-- ----------------- 8, 000 $------------------- Timber repair ----------------------------------------- '2000 Total ---------- ------------- ----- ----- - 10, 000 Commercial statistics.-The local freight carried to and from the town of Harbor Beach, situated at this harbor of refuge, is given in the following table. It consisted of coal and fish. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918..................... 21,920 $514,514 1921...................... 18,272 118,047 1919.... ................. 23,156 711,614 1922..................... 14,429 115,134 1920...................... 21,716 466,492 This harbor was not a port of call for passenger steamers during 1922. Vessels trading to this harbor load to a draft of about 12 feet. Vessels entering for shelter have a maximum draft of 18 feet. The number and tonnage of the latter during the past seven calendar years was as follows: Averag6 Calendar year. Steam. Tow. Sail. Motor. Total. Total tonnage vessels. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. 1916.......................... 190,773 30,442 2,828 769 224,812 254 1 020 1917 .......................... 173,579 47,205 1,630 659 223,073 283 886 1918........................... 100,950 44,110 418 382 145 860 226 635 1919 ............................ 99,491 40,758 920 2,697 143 866 218 :96 1920............................ 73,550 25 597 471 1,12 100744 169 735 1921............................ 61,121 16 993 357 ,136 80,607 172 657 1922............................ 71,994 11 967 598 1,505 86,064 190 742 RIVERS AND HARBORS--DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1499 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $4,898.21: New work-------------- $1,178, 304. 79 Maintenance -------------------- ------------------- , 377, 168. 23 Net total expended--------- ---------------------- 2, 555, 473. 02 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 2, 601, 249. 77 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work .... . $1,724.62 $8,153.77 $141, 592.98 $41,098. 87 $13, 800.32 Expended for maintenance 1..... 93, 714. 41 30,842. 45 24,947.39 232.33 4,753. 29 Total expended I........ 95,439.03 38,996.22 166, 540.37 41,331.20 18,553.61 Appropriated or allotted......... 106,000.00 4,000.00 ..................... 42,749.77 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------------- $21, 580. 59 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923------------------------------------40, 000. 00 .Amount transferred from Clinton River, Mich------------------2, 749. 77 64, 330. 36 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work-------------- --------- ----- $13, 800. 32 For maintenance-----------------------------4, 753. 29 18, 553. 61 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ---------------------------- 45,776, 75 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance------------------------------- 10,000. 00 12. BLACK RIVER, MICH. (B7.) Location and description.-The Black River has its source in the northern part of Sanilac County, Mich., flows in a southerly and easterly direction, passing through the city of Port Huron, and empties into the St. Clair River about 21 miles below the foot of Lake Huron. It has a length of about 60 miles. The drainage area 'of the river is about 700 square miles, but its fall and discharge are unknown. The river is nontidal and the current sluggish, the fall being practically nothing in the improved portion. The average width is 150 feet. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 3.) Original condition.-In 1888, when the original survey was made, the lower reach of the river, frbm the mouth to the Grand Trunk Railway bridge, varied in width from 120 to 150 feet, and had a depth of from 10 to 14 feet, except at a few points where it was obstructed by bars having only 8J feet of water over them. The river was navi- gable for boats of about 4 feet draft up to a point about 7 miles above the mouth and for skiffs and log rafts about 15 miles farther upstream. 2 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. ,'xctusive of available funds. 1500 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Previous projects.-None. The original project for mouth of Black River was authorized by the river and harbor act of June 10, 1872, and modified by the act of August 11, 1888. The total expendi- tures under these projects prior to the consolidation of the projects for Black lRiver and mouth of Black River was $97,856.89, of which $85,848.58 was for new work and $12,008.31 was for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1441 of Annual Report for 1916. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 17 feet deep fromn deep water in St. Clair River to Washington Avenue and 160 feet wide at the mouth, decreasing to 100 feet wide about 800 feet from the mouth, thence 100 feet wide for 2,600 feet, decreasing to 75 feet wide for a distance of 6,300 feet at the upper end. The length of the section included in the project is 9,800 feet. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Huron, which is taken at,5'9.6 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to a depth of 16.1 feet on the Lake Survey chart of the locality. Each year the level of the river rises and falls from 4 to 6 feet, due to the fact that spring freshets raise the level considerably above the nor- mal. The level also changes from day to day, due to winds, such changes amounting to several inches. The estimate of cost for newv work, made in 1891, is $75,000. The latest (1918) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $2,500. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for the chan- nel from the mouth to the Grand Trunk Railway bridge (Annual Report for 1889, p. 2291) ; the act of July 13, 1892, provided for the section thence to Washington Avenue (no printed report); and the act of September 22, 1922, consolidated the projects for Black River at Port Huron and mouth of Black River (H. Doc. 436, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 436, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. The upper portion of the river has been dredged a number of times by private parties, the total amount expended on this work being about $13,000. Terminal facilities.-There are docks on both sides of Black River from its mouth for a length of about 1,000 feet, and between these docks and the upper limit of improvement (about 8,700 feet) there are five docks varying in length from 100 feet to 500 feet. All docks are privately owned, and they are believed to be restricted to the use of the owners. The present terminal facilities are considered ade- quate for the existing commerce. Effect of impravement.-The water-borne commerce on this chan- nel consists principally of coarse freight, and as the improvement has permitted the use of vessels of greater capacity, it is believed that a lowering of water rates has resulted, but to what extent can not be stated. It has further made possible safer navigation for deeper draft boats to the upper end of the improvement through the several intervening bridge crossings. Operations and results during fiscal year.--A survey was made in April 1923, which disclosed considerable shoaling in channel at various localities throughout its length. An emergency contract RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1501 Swas thereupon made, dated June 9, 1923, under which the work of redredging was begun June 16. At the close of the fiscal year the work was about 40 per cent completed. Material to the extent of 21,081 cubic yards, scow measurement, was removed at a cost of $7,378.35, all at Government expense. Local interests have agreed to bear about 45 per cent of the cost of the complete restoration. Expenditures during the fiscal year, $5,132.82, all for mainte- nance, were applied as follows: Dredging (1922) ---------------------------------------------- $4, 806. 69 Surveys_---- ----------------------------------- 237. 16 Office and incidental expenses------- ----------------------- 88.97 Total---------------------------------- --- 5, 132. 82 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1894. The work consisted entirely of dredging. At the close of fiscal year, dredging operations were in progress for the restoration of project depths. The head of navigation for boats of light draft is about 5 miles above the present upper limit of the improvement. The same draft is usually practicable throughout the navigation season. The total expenditures under existing pro- ject are $106,828.22, of which $34,698.65 was for new work and $72,129.57 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance at the end of fiscal year ($13,245.74) will be applied about as follows: Maintenance dredging, under contract to be completed July, 1923__ $12, 500. 00 Surveys, office and incidental expenses------------------------ 745. 74 Total ----------- 13, 1---- 245. 74 Funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. During freshets, considerable quantities of silt are deposited in this channel, particularly in the upper reach, and annual mainte- nance dredging is necessary. Accordingly, the amount that can be profitably expended for maintenance during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, is as follows: Dredging 7,500 cubic yards, at 30 cents ----------------------- $2, 250 Inspection and superintendence__-------------- ----------------- 250 Total----------------------------------------------------2, 500 Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the river consists mainly of coal, pulp wood, sand and gravel, and miscellaneous merchandise. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918....................... 137277 $1,024,322 1921........... ........ . 79,376 $420,235 1919....................... 87,062 765,080 1922..................... 92,275 646,758 19290.... .. ............. . 86,424 539,400 Vessels carrying freight on the improved portion of the channel usually load to the maximum draft available. The increase in ton- nage and value of commerce during 1922 was mainly due to increase in the item of sand and gravel of small unit value, and in the item of general merchandise of large unit value. 1502 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. St. Clair River at Port Huron, Mich. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1919................. ... 186,169 $3,406,116 1921 .................... 176,040 $2,024, 414 1920 ............. ...... 188, 490 1,931,622 1922.................... 236, 25 5, 58 274 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $224: New work ----------------------------------------- $120, 547. 23 Maintenance------ -- -------------------------------- 84, 137. 88 Net total expended-------------------------------- 204, 685. 11 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 217, 930. 85 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 192Q0 1921 .1922 1923 Expended fqr new work................. .... .... ............................... . Expended for maintenance 1.... $6.20 $81.26 $2, 670.77 $174.54 85,132.82 Appropriated or allotted........ ........... .............. 5,000.00 5,000.00 8, 500.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended _----__ - -- ____.___ _---- $9, 878, 56 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923----------------------------------------2, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922------------------------------------------ 6, 500. 00 18, 378. 56 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance__ 5, 132. 82 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----______- __-____-___ 13, 245. 74 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities___--- -__ $9, 000.00 -_____ July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts ___ 3, 500. 00 12, 500. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available ---------------------- ---------- 745. 74 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 192,5, for maintenance. ---------------------- -12, 500. 00 13. CLINTON RIVER, MICH. (B8.) Location and description.-This river has its source in Oakland County, Mich., flows in an easterly direction, and empties into An- chor Bay in the northwestern part of Lake St. Clair. It is about 60 miles long. The drainage area is about 600 square miles. The discharge is not known. The river is nontidal and the current is sluggish, the fall being practically nothing in the improved portion. Average width is 200 feet. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 3.) Original condition.-Before improvement the river had a depth of about 10 feet, except at several shoals over which but 5 or 6 feet could be carried, and there was a broad flat at the mouth with a 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND IHARBfS TUROI Mt~) MH., I DISTRICT. 1503 general depth of 3 to 4 reet over it. The river was navigable for boats of about 5 feet draft up to about 2 miles above the city of Mount Clemens, and for skiffs and log rafts about 15 miles farther upstream. Previous projects.-The original improvement was authorized by act of August 30, 1852, and subsequent modifications by acts of July 11, 1870, and March 3, 1881. Prior to commencement of work under the existing project, in 1886, $25,500 was expended for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1958 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep and 60 feet wide at the mouth, decreasing to 50 feet wide in the river from the 8-foot contour in Lake St. Clair to and up the river to Mount Clemens, 42,500 feet; for a pile dike 2,500 feet long to protect the channel in Lake St. Clair; for closing the old channel and mak- ing a cut-off at Shoemakers Bend; for closing Catfish Channel; and for the construction of revetments as needed in the river. The length of the section of the river included in the project is about 40,000 feet, and in the lake about 2,500 feet. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake St. Clair, which is taken at 573.8 feet above mean tide level at New York. The depth corresponds to depth of 9.4 feet on the Lake Survey chart of the locality. Each year the level of the river rises and falls from 6 to 9 feet, due to spring freshets. From day to day the level changes somewhat, due to winds, such changes occasionally amounting to over a foot. The estimate of cost for new work, re- vised in 1889, is $34,564. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 5, 1886 (S. Doc. No. 199, 46th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1880, p. 2062; and H. Doc. No. 210, 48th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1885, p. 2190). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1903, page 1999. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. In the spring of 1884 the people of Mount Clemens contributed to a fund, which was ex- pended in deepening the channel from the lake to that city. The city also deeded to the United States for a nominal sum the land needed to rectify the channel at Shoemakers Bend. Terminal facilities.-There is one dock of about 300 feet length at the city of Mount Clemens, owned by that city, which is open to all vessels upon equal terms. There are also a number of privately owned docks, and so used, of 100 feet maximum length along the 7 miles of river below the city. These terminal facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has resulted in a safe and convenient channel from Lake St. Clair to the city of Mount Clemens for small type commercial boats and pleasure craft. No commercial use of the improvement was made during the past season, navigation being limited entirely to motor boats. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done during the fiscal year. The amount expended-$14 from main- 61637-ENG 1923-----95 1504 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. tenance funds-was for examination of the channel and incidental expenses. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is com- pleted-the dredging inm 1891 and the construction of the dike and revetments in 1893. Both of the latter have very much deteriorated. The controlling depth is about 6 feet, as shown by examination dur- ing 1921. The head of navigation for light-draft boats is about 2 miles above the present upper limits of the improvement. The same draft is usually practicable throughout the navigation season. The total expenditures under existing project are $75,450.06, of which $34,546.26 was for new work and $40,903.80 for maintenance, Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended ($50) will be ap- plied to examinations and inspections during the next fiscal year. No work is proposed for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, except surveys and inspections related to maintenance, for which $250 should be provided to cover expenses connected therewith. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the river consisted mainly of coal, coke, gravel, and sand during former years. There was no commerce during 1922 except that carried by motor boats, of which there is no record. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918..................... 11 615 $120,890 1921...................... (1)(1) 1919....................... 15342 22, 710 1922....................... (1 (1) 1920...................... (1) (1) 1 No commerce. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work------------------------ ---------------------- $60, 046. 2 Maintenance--------------------- ---------------- 40, 903. 80 Net total expended --------------------------------- 100, 950. 06 _ Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 101, 000. 06 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........................................... Expended for maintenance...... ............ .... .$3.04 $158. 1 $25. 00 $14.00 Appropriated or allotted..................................... ......... ...... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------------------------- $2, 813. 77 Deduction on account of amount transferred to Harbor Beach Har- bor, Mich ----------- -------------------------------- 2, 749. 77 64. 01 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 14. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------------- 50. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June, 30, 1925, for maintenance -- -------------------------- 250. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1505 14. ROUGE RIVER, MICH. (B9.) Location and description.--The Rouge River rises in Oakland and Washtenaw Counties, Mich., flows in an easterly direction, and emp- ties into the Detroit River at the southerly limits of the city of Detroit. The river is about 30 miles in length. The drainage area is about 450 square miles. The discharge is not known. The river is nontidal and the current sluggish, the fall being practically nothing in the improved portion of the river. Average width, 160 feet. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 3.) Original condition.-At the time of original survey a least depth of 1.2 feet was found over the bar at mouth, although there was a fairly well-defined entrance channel having depths of from 9 to 12 feet. Inside the mouth the depths varied from 10 to 17 feet up to the Wabash bridge, a distance of about 3 miles. The river was about 300 feet wide at the mouth, narrowing to 175 feet at a distance of 1,200 feet from the mouth, and had a uniform width of about 175 feet in the channel now under improvement. The river was navi- gable for vessels of light draft to the town of Dearborn, 15 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was authorized by the river and harbor act of August 11, 1888, and provided for a channel 16 feet deep and 240 feet wide at the mouth, tapering to 100 feet at a distance of 800 feet from the mouth and continuing 100 feet wide to the Wabash bridge. (Annual Report for 1887, pp. 2275-2278.) Joint resolution of April 11, 1898, extended the improvement to Maples Road, with a depth of 13 feet and no specified width. (H. Doc. No. 138, 55th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1898, p. 2605.) The river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, provided for a channel 21 feet deep from the mouth to the first bridge. (H. Doc. No. 289, 59th Cong., 1st sess.) The expenditures prior to the adop- tion of the existing project in 1917 were $50,082.49 for new work and $56,607.51 for maintenance, a total of $106,690. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 21 feet deep from that depth in Detroit River through the " short-cut canal " to Maples Road with width of 400 feet at the entrance, tapering to 200 feet in a distance of 2,000 feet; and for a channel 22 feet deep from the mouth of the river to the second bridge, a distance of about 1,800 feet, with a width of 240 feet at the mouth, tapering to 100 feet at a distance of 800 feet from the mouth, and a channel 17 feet deep and 100 feet wide from this second bridge to junction with the 21-foot channel. The length of the improvement from its upper limits to Detroit River via short-cut canal is about 31 miles, and via the natu- ral channel is about 41 miles. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. These depths correspond to depths of 24, 23, and 19 feet on Lake Survey chart of this locality. The level of this river, except during floods, changes with the level of the Detroit River, which fluctuates to an average extent of about 1.5 feet during the navigation season. The estimate of cost for new work on the 21-foot channel made in 1917 is $490,000, revised in 1920 to $590,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest approved estimate for 1506 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. annual cost of maintenance for the 22-foot channel at mouth (1905) is $3,000, and for the 21-foot channel (1917) is $5,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 11, 1888, provided for the 17-foot section (Annual Report for 1887, pp. 2275-2278) ; the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the 22-foot channel at the mouth of the river (H. Doc. No. 289, 59th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the 21-foot channel (H. Doe. No. 2063, 64th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The act of August 8, 1917 (see H. Doc. No. 2063, 64th Cong., 2d sess.), required local interests to assume the cost of all necessary rights of way, alteration of bridges, and incidental damages, and to provide a suitable turning basin free for public use at the upper end of the improvement. A bond of indefinite amount, furnished by Mr. Henry Ford, representing said local interests, to cover the foregoing requirement, was accepted and approved by the Secretary of War on November 3, 1919. The Ford Motor Co. in February, 1923, contributed $20,000 to cover the additional cost of material disposal in connection with the dredging at bridge sites, due to delay in completion of Detroit, Toledo, & Ironton Railroad bridge over "Short-cut Canal." Terminal facilities.-Thereis an iron-ore dock 1,200 feet long near the river's mouth which is equipped with unloading machinery. The Ford Motor Co. has an ore dock about 2,000 feet long near the head of the river improvement which is equipped with the most improved type of unloaders. These docks have good railroad connections. Along the stretch of river of about 31 miles length between these ore docks there are five docks owned by sand and gravel companies which have unloading machinery and three lumber docks which are not so equipped. There are also a number of smaller docks for the use of launches and rowboats. All docks along the river are privately owned and understood to be restricted to the use of the owners. These terminal facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The water-borne commerce of this chan- nel consists principally of coarse freight, and as the improvement under previous projects has permitted the use of vessels of greater capacity, it is believed that a reduction in water rates has resulted. The completion of the present project will furnish a comparatively easy and safe channel for freighters of the largest class on the Great Lakes, and it is expected that a further reduction in water rates will follow. Equipment has been designed for the carrying of ore, flux stone, coal, and lumber to the upper end of the new im- provement to the probable aggregate volume of approximately 2,000,000 tons annually. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The construction of new bridges over the 21-foot channel being near completion, on March 20, 1923, an emergency contract was made for the removal of remaining shoal areas in this channel at five bridge sites. Dredging operations were begun March 29, 1923, and at the close of the fiscal year 201,681 cubic yards of material, scow measurement, had been removed at a cost of $86,117.78, completing about 95 per cent of RIVERS AND HARBORS---DETROIT, MICE., DISTRICT. 1507 contract. Five stone-filled, pile-crib dolphins were under construc- tion at the south side of the Short Cut Canal, to assist vessels when entering the new 21-foot channel. The timber work was placed under emergency contract dated April 30, 1923, and at the close of the fiscal year was about 86 per cent completed, at a cost of $13,- 431.20. All necessary stone filling for dolphins was provided under oral agreement between June 18 and 22, 3,061.77 short tons being placed at a cost of $6,123.54. Maintenance work consisted in the examinations of the channel between the mouth of Rouge River and its junction with the Short Cut Canal. These examinations disclosed shoal areas near the mouth and near the said junction for which private parties were responsible, and each shoal was removed at the expense of the private party con- cerned. The expenditures during the year, including office and incidental expenses, amounted to $78,446.70, of which $77,682.72 was applied to new work and $763.98 to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 99 per cent completed and the remaining 1 per cent is nearing comple- tion under contract. With the exception of limited areas at five bridges crossing the 21-foot channel, full project dimensions therein were secured in 1921 from Detroit River through Short Cut Canal to Maples Road for a channel length of about 16,500 feet. The removal of remaining shoal areas at the said bridge sites and the construction of five crib dolphins at channel entrance are under contract and nearing completion. The new channel will be opened to navigation on or before July 20, 1923. Full project dimensions have also been secured in the channel from the natural mouth of the river to its junction with the 21-foot project at the upper end of the Short Cut Canal. The controlling depths at the end of the fiscal year were, in the old channel from river mouth, 21 feet for 800 feet length, thence 15 feet to Solvay Bridge, and 12.5 feet to junction with 21-foot chan- nel; in the latter channel 21 feet depth generally obtains, except in the portions above Jefferson Avenue Bridge which were completed in 1920 and 1921. In these portions of the completed work there has been a deposit to several feet depth of a soft material which it is expected will move out into Detroit River as the result of current and vessel-wheel disturbances. Some of this deposit has hardened, however, and redredging may possibly be necessary to restore project dimensions. The controlling depth through this soft deposit is not definitely known, but it probably varies from 19.5 feet to 20 feet. The alteration of the bridges concerned, so far as affects navigation, have been practically completed in accordance with the requirements of the appropriation act. The turning basin to be provided by local interests at the upper end of the improvement has been come pleted. Throughout a large portion of the improved river commer- cial docks protect one or both banks, which are kept in serviceable condition by their owners. The head of navigation is determined by a temporary fixed bridge about 2,600 feet above Maples Road, which is the upper limit of the improvement. The same draft is usually practicable throughout the season. The total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year are $533,380.54, of which $528.586.84 was applied to new work and $4,793.70 to maintenance. 1508 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Proposed operations.--The unexpended balance at end of the fiscal year ($95,619.46), including $20,000 contributed funds, will be ap- plied about as follows: Dredging at bridge sites, 21-foot channel, under contract to be completed July, 1923 520. 00 $-------------------------- Completion of five crib dolphins at entrance to 21-foot channel, i.pder contract to be completed July, 1923 __- ,_.--- ......... 18, 00o. 00 Maintenance dredging in 21-foot channel, early in the next fiscal year, amount uncertain, but possibly to the extent of 62,500 cubic yards, scow measure ------------------------------------. . 21, 000. 00 Maintenance dredging in old channel, below Short-cut Canal (July and August, 1923), involving the removal of about 40,000 cubic yards, scow measure------------------------------------ 14, 000. 00 Supervision, inspection, and contingent expenses----- 0, 099. 46 1---------- Total - 95, 619. 46 In the above application of funds, the item of maintenance dredg- ing in 21-foot channel pertains to the removal of deposits of several feet depth in areas between bridges where improvement was com- pleted in 1921. A large part of these deposits is a soft material. which will move into Detroit River as the result of current and vessel wheel disturbance. Portions near the bottom, however, have hard- ened, and redredging to the extent stated may be found necessary. It is expected that available funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. Additional funds will be required for channel maintenance through the season of 1924, and in the early spring of 1925 be- tween the old mouth and the junction with the new channel at the upper end of the Short-cut Canal. Shoaling also must be anticipated in the new 21-foot channel, especially in its upper reaches. Because of the narrowness of this stream and the importance of its com- merce, it is imperative that project dimensions be maintained. Ac- cordingly, the following funds can be expended profitably during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: Maintenance dredging in old channel below Short-cut Canal --------- 3, 000 Maintenance dredging in new channel by U. S. dredge Burton ---------- 5,000 Total ------------------------------------- 8, 000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the river consists mainly of 'gravel and sand, iron ore, stone, pulp wood, and lumber. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons Value. 1918 .... .... 1,850, 391 $8,851,731 1921.......... ...... ...... 842,350 $2,873,597 1919.......... 996,825 4, 008,555 1922 ................ ... 1,136,823 4,676, 034 1920...................... 1,632,024 8,091, 480 Vessels carrying freight on the improved portion of the channel usually load to the maximum draft available. The increase in amount and value of commerce during 1922 was mainly due to in- crease in the item of iron ore resulting from greater activities of the Ford Motor Co. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. '1509 Financialsummary. UNITED STATES FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ----------------------------------------- $578, 669. 33 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 61, 401.21 Net total expended--- -_----------------________ _ 640,'070. 54 Total appropriations to date of this report__-------------------- 715, 690. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work ......... $2, 618. 71 $2, 837.78 $230, 478. 70 $213, 322.25 $77, 682.72 Expended for maintenance...... 1,465. 50 141.89 18.69 250. 62 763.98 Total expended .......... 4, 084.21 2,)979. 67 230, 497.39 213, 572.87 78, 446.70 Appropriated or allotted.................. .............. 3,000.00 103,000.00 6,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-------------------------- $148, 066. 16 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923__ 6, 000. 00 154, 066. 16 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work _.. -_.-- -------------- ...$77,682. 72 For maintenance------------------------------ 763. 98 78, 446. 70 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--------------------------- 75, 619. 46 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-------------- $21,850. 00 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 8, 440. 00 30, 290. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available ----------------------------- 45, 329. 46 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance-----------------------------8, 000. 00 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work------------ --------- --------------------------- Maintenance--- -- ---------------------------- ---------- Total contributions to date of this report--------------------- $20, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.......................................................... Expended for maintenance........... .................. ........................ Contributed................ ...... . . . ...... ................. $20,000.00 Amount contributed by local interests _------------------$20, $--- 000.00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended _- ----------------------- 20, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities- ----------- $17, 100. 00 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts-- 2, 900. 00 20, 000. 00 SExclusive of available funds. 1510 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR ROUGE RIVER, MICH. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ----------------------------------------- $578, 669. 33 Maintenance----------------------------------------- 61, 401. 21 Net total expended_-------------------------------- 640, 070. 54 Total appropriations and contributions to date of this report------ 735, 690. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work. ........ $2, 618.71 $2, 837.78 $230, 478.70 $213,322.25 $77, 682.72 Expended for maintenance ...... 1,465. 50 141.89 18. 69 250. 62 763. 98 Total expended........... 4, 084. 21 2,979.67 230, 497. 39 213, 572. 87 78, 446. 70 Appropriated, allotted, or con- tributed ................................................... 3,000.00 103,000.00 26,000. 00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended______---- ___ -- ____-___ $148, 066. 16 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923. , 000. 00 6----------------------- Amount contributed ----------------------------- 20, 000. 00 174, 066. 16 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work----------------------------- $77, 682. 72 For maintenance-------------- --- 763. 98 78, 446.70 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended _.----__-___-----____ --- 95, 619. 46 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities.--------- $38, 950. 00 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 11, 340. 00 50, 290. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available ___________-__ - _______ - 45, 329. 46 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance--------------------------------- 8, 000. 00 15. MONROE HARBOR, MICH. (B10.) Location and description.-The harbor is located on the lower reach of the Raisin River, which rises in the western part of Lenawee County, Mich., flows in an easterly direction, and empties into Lake Erie about 18 miles from the city of Toledo, Ohio. Its drainage area is about 1,050 square miles. The fall in the river and its discharge are unknown. The river is nontidal and in the improved portion the current is sluggish. Its width varies from 100 to 300 feet and the length of improved portion is about 13,000 feet. The river is about 70 miles long. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 3.) Originalcondition.-In its natural condition the river flowed into Lake Erie through several ponds and winding creeks, and the depth of water at the deepest mouth did not exceed 5 feet. The harbor was not available for purposes of commerce prior to improvement. Previous projects.-None. Existing projeet.-This provides for a channel 9 feet deep and 100 feet wide from Lake Erie to the lower wharves at Monroe, a dis- 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1511 tance of about 13,000 feet, involving a cut-off at the mouth of the river, the protection of the lakeward end of the channel by stone- filled timber-crib piers 20 feet wide and 1,350 and'935 feet long, respectively, and for revetting the sides of the canal. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York. This depth corresponds to depth of 8.2 feet on Lake Survey chart of this locality. The level of the river varies with that of Lake Erie, which fluctuates irregularly from year to year, the greatest annual fluctua- tion being 2.28 feet and the least 0.87 foot. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1871, is $68,485. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of February 24, 1835, and modified by the act of June 10, 1872 (Annual Report for 1872, p. 237). The latest published map is in House Document No. 391, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. Subsequent to 1845 the city of Monroe improved the river channel by cutting a canal about 1,300 feet long, 100 feet wide, and with a depth of from 13 to 16 feet across a bend of the river. Terminal facilities.-The Government piers at the entrance to the harbor are used as a landing place for launches, and at the city of Monroe, about 24 miles above the entrance, there are privately owned docks of about 850 feet length. It is understood that these docks are open to all vessels upon equal terms. The terminal facili- ties are adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has resulted in a com- paratively straight, safe, and convenient channel for the smaller type commercial boats and pleasure craft. No commercial use of the improvement was made during the past season, navigation being limited entirely to motor boats. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done dur- ing the fiscal year. The amount expended, $14, was for maintenance and applied to examination made during preceding fiscal year and to incidental office expenses. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The piers and revetments were completed in 1845 and dredging the channel to 11 feet in 1873. The piers are in fair condition, but the revetments have deteriorated considerably. The controlling depth at the project plane of refer- ence is about 6 feet, as shown by examination during 1921. The head of navigation is the upper limit of the improvement at Monroe. The same draft is usually practicable throughout the navigation season. The expenditures are $261,946.81, of which '$164,639.41 was ap- plied to new work and $97,307.40 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended ($68.46) will be applied to examinations of the harbor during the fiscal years 1924 and 1925. No other work is proposed for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, and, as the funds in hand are deemed sufficient, no additional funds are required. 1512 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Commercial statitic.--This harbor is now used mainly by motor boats and other small pleasure craft. A few fishing tugs, however, operate from this base and take their product to Toledo from the fishing grounds. There was no freight to or from this harbor during 1922. The following comparative statement gives the extent of commerce for former years: Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1915...................... 8,480 $110,000 1919... .................. (1) (1) 1916... ..... ...... 9,110 91,350 1920................... (1) (1) 1917................ 7,960 93,740 1921 .......... ........... (1) (1) 1918..................... 282 35,750 1922...................... (1) (1) 1 No commerce. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work---------------------------------------------- $164, 639. 41 Maintenance------------------------------ 97, 307. 40 Net total expended_ ____________-__-__-____ __- 261, 946. 81 Total approriations to date of this report __________- -- __-262, 015. 27 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........ ................ .... ...... .. ... ...... Expended for maintenance........ ............ $0. 41 $40.82 $55I40 $14.00 Appropriated or allotted............................ .............................. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended----------__---- $82. 46 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance____ 14. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended.--------------------------- - 68. 46 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP B. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $6,287.21: New work ---------------------------------------- $4, 160, 145. 98 Maintenance----------- --------------------------------- 1,744,4 05 Net total expended------------------------------------ 5, 904, 550. 03 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------6, 184, 135. 95 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1...... 4, 554. 00 $11, 077. 45 $372, 071.68 $254, 821. 12 $91,584.55 Expended for maintenance 1..... 102, 320.11 31, 429.51 37, 088. 31 8,814. 69 25, 619.22 Total expended 1.......... 106, 874.11 42, 506. 96 409,159. 99 263,635. 81 117, 203. 77 Appropriated or allotted......... 185,500.00 9,000.00 8,000. 00 113,000.00 130,500.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS--DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1513 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ------- $266, 289. 69 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923------------------------------------------ 112, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922___-_____------------------------------------ 18, 500. 00 396, 789. 69 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For mainltenance ----------------------------$91, Y'or new work----------------------------- 584. 55 25, 619. 22 117, 203. 77 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -- ------------------------ 279, 585. 92 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities--------------- $40, 850. 00 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 11, 940. 00 52, 790. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available -- __-- 206, 795. 92 Amount that can he profitably expended in fiscal year ending; June 30, 1925, for maintenance - - --- -------- -- 56, 750. 00 16. TOLEDO HARBOR, OHIO. Location and description.-Toledo Harbor comprises the lower 7 miles of Maumee River and the channel about 9 miles long through Mamee Bay to Lake Erie, and has a width of from 650 to 1,800 feet in the river and of 400 feet in the bay. The Maumee River has its source in northern Indiana, flows generally in a northeasterly direc- tion, and empties into Lake Erie. The river has a length of about 125 miles and a drainage area of about 6,350 square miles. It is a nontidal stream. The fall, velocity of current, and discharge are un- known. The harbor is located at the westerly end of Lake Erie, 99 miles westerly from Cleveland, Ohio. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 3.) Originalcondition.-The general depth in Maumee Bay was about 10 feet below low-water datum, but frequent shoals with a minimum depth of 6.5 feet rendered navigation difficult. A well-defined chan- nel existed in Maumee River. For about 6 miles above the mouth of the river the minimum depth of this channel was 12 feet, thence upstream to the head of navigation at Perrysburg, Ohio, a farther distance of about 8 miles, the minimum depth was about 4 feet. Previous8projects.-These were adopted by the river and harbor acts of June 23, 1866, July 5, 1884, August 5, 1886, July 13, 1892, and August 18, 1894. The total amount expended under these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1899 was $1,624,695.45 for new work and maintenance (not separable). For further details of previous projects see page 1959 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 400 feet wide and 21 feet deep from deep water in Lake Erie through Maumee Bay and Maumee River to Fassett Street Bridge, a distance of 15 miles; thence 200 feet wide and 19 feet deep for a distance of 1 mile, termi- nating in a turning basin 500 feet wide; and for a stone-revetted earth dike, 1,000 feet long, to form a foundation for range lights in Maumee Bay. The project depths are referred to low-water datum 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1514 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. These depths: correspond to depths of 20.2 and 18.2 feet, respectively, on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. Ordinary fluctuations of water level are from 4 feet above to 2 feet below low-water datum, and extreme fluctuations, produced by wind and" other causes, are from 9 feet above to 6.5 feet below that plane. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1914, is $1,505,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1920) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $50,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for the section above Fassett Street Bridge (H. Doc. No. 198, 55th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1898, p. 2693) ; and the act of June 25, 1910, pro- vided for the section below that bridge (H. Doc. No. 865, 60th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1914, page 3056. Recommended modification of projcct.-None. Local cooperation.None. Terminal facilities.-The city of Toledo has expended about $300,000 in dredging and bulkhead construction, which has resulted in providing a lagoon near the mouth of the river suitable for the winter mooring of vessels and in the maintenance of a channel through Swan Creek, which empties into Maumee River within the limits of the Federal project. Local private interests had expended about $491,000 prior to January 1, 1922, for dredging outside of the Government channel. Two large railroad terminals for the handling of ore and three for coal are open to shippers of these commodities. One large private ore terminal ships by rail to other companies a small percentage of the ore received. One fuel dock and three docks with elevator facilities for handling grain do a public business. Two pipe-line docks for shipment of oil, three lumber docks, and four fish docks are private. Two package freight terminals are leased by companies operating regular lines of vessels for public use. Consid- erable wharf frontage is owned by railroads which is available for the transshipment of miscellaneous cargoes, such as lumber, etc., to. and from cars. Of 10 sand and gravel docks 2 are for public use. Four docks at street ends are owned by the city of Toledo, at which freight may be loaded or unloaded free of charge, no storage allowed. The Toledo Shipbuilding Co. has two large dry docks and facilities for buiilding and repairing the largest lake vessels. There is one other smaller dry dock and shipyard. Terminal facilities are re; garded as adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The construction of a straight, safe, and convenient deep-water entrance channel, accommodating the largest class of lake freighters, has resulted in the development of Toledo Harbor into one of the most important of the lower lake terminals for iron ore, coal, and similar coarse freights. The extent of this development is suggested by the outline in preceding paragraph of the terminal facilities, which liave been installed in step with channel improvement. A number of package freight and passenger boat lines: RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1515 have also been established, connecting Toledo with the principal lake ports. It is believed that a material reduction in water rates approxi- mating that stated under same heading for St. Marys River has re- sulted. Operations and results during fiscal year.--Maintenance dredging by U. S. dredge Burton was done during the latter part of the season of 1922 over the central portion of the straight channel and of river section between Fassett Street and New York Central Railroad bridges, the length of channel concerned being about 9 miles; 256,618 cubic yards of material (bin measurement) were removed at a cost, exclusive of office overhead, of $27,676.16. Maintenance surveys were made in November, 1922, and June, 1923, covering practically the entire channel. Expenditures, all for maintenance, were as follows: Dredging------------------------ ---------------- $27, 676. 16 Maintenance of field office, surveys, and other contingent expenses of the district-------------- ---------------------------- 5, 764. 56 Total ------------- -------------------------------- 33, 440. 72 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 97 per cent completed. A channel 400 feet wide and 21 feet deep at low-water datum, extending from deep water in the lake through Maumee Bay and River up to Fassett Street Bridge, a distance of 15 miles, was completed in October, 1915. This channel is subject to constant deterioration by the deposit of silt, and full project dimen- sions have not been maintained. Project depth obtains for the cen- tral portion from about 50 to 150 feet in width, with depths along the sides varying from about 15 to 21 feet. Above Fassett Street Bridge a channel 100 feet wide and 19 feet deep was obtained, but since this portion of the river is now of little use commercially there is no further need for the completion and maintenance of the im- provement at this locality, and depths have decreased to about 17 feet. The dike in Maumee Bay was completed in 1906 and is in poor condition. The filling has been washed out to a considerable extent and some of the paving stones have been displaced. The con- trolling channel depth along the axis of the channel is 21 feet at low-water datum up to Fassett Street Bridge and about 17 feet for 1 mile upstream therefrom. The total expenditures under the existing project amount to $1,833,118.15, of which $1,267,406.91 was applied to new work and $565,711.24 to maintenance since 1903, prior to which time the amounts expended for new work and for maintenance were so in- volved that it was impracticable to separate them. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance at end of fiscal year ($80,886.40) will be applied about as follows: Maintenance dredging by U. S. dredge Burton in Maumee River, about 6,800 cubic yards------------------------- --------- $3, 400. 00 Maintenance dredging by U. S. dredge Burton through bay section, about 260,000 cubic yards.------------- ------------------- 52, 000. 00 Surveys and examinations of channels---- -------------------- 1, 600. 00 Repairs to U. S. dredge Burton, winter of 1922-23__---------- 19,000.00 Engineering, office expenses, and harbor supervision ----------- 4, 886. 40 Total _----------------- -------------------------- 80, 886.40 1516 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The dredge Burton will be applied to this work when available, and thereafter expenditures for dredging will be at the rate of about $800 per day. All funds will be exhausted late in the season of 1924. Thereis a constant recurrence of shoaling in Maumee Bay Chan- nel, due to the deposit therein of sand and silt carried down by the Maumee River at flood stages and of material moved from the shallow adjacent bay during storm disturbances. In recent years the annual removal of from 200,000 to 250,000 cubic yards has resulted in the restoration of project depth for not more than 200 feet width. For the early spring months available width has been less than 150 feet. Although the channel deposits are soft, enabling freighters to drag bottom without material danger to themselves, an insufficiency of width at project depth occasions awkwardness and uncertainty of maneuver of passing freighters, with the constant hazard of col- lision or touch. The annual commerce using this channel is about 10,000,000 tons, with a value of some $60,000,000. For its safe and convenient dis- patch the available width for project depth should at no time be less than 300 feet. It is planned to use the dredge Burton to the utmost in order that the volume of material removed may be sub- stantially in excess of the annual shoaling, which approximates 250,000 cubic yards, and thus gradually to widen the channel at project depth to at least 300 feet. Accordingly the amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for the removal of about 325,000 cubic yards is $75,000. Commercial statistics.-The improvement of the Great Lakes har- bors and connecting channels has developed a type of vessel which could not have entered Toledo Harbor in its natural condition. Since fully 95 per cent of the freight handled on the Great Lakes is carried in vessels of this type, it may be fairly stated that the commercial development of Toledo Harbor is attributable to facili- ties resulting from its improvement. During the calendar year 1922, 94 per cent of the total tonnage of the port was coal and iron ore, practically all of which was handled in vessels drawing 19 to 21 feet. All vessels entering Toledo Harbor pass through 9 miles of the 15 miles of improved channel and proceed upstream to the various docks located along the 6. miles of river channel to a point one-half mile above the Fassett Street Bridge. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 13,769,388$86,990,512 1918........... 211,335 1921.......... 9,202,109 $42,854,604 178,830 1919........... 10 130,014 60 866,644 395 009 1922......... 9,424,518 63,096,768 215,948 10,904,293 1920........... 75,957,116 132,144 The increase in volume and value of commerce during 1922 is mainly in the items of iron ore and general merchandise. The unit value of coal being greater than formerly was largely contributory to change in value. RIVERS AND HARBORS-DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT. 1517 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $7,847.41: New work ----- ___---------- $2, 892, 102. 36 Maintenance-------- ----------- 565, 711. 24 Net total expended ------------------------------ 3, 457, 813. 60 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 3, 538, 700. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work ....... ......................................... . Expended for maintenance 1..$. $41, 303.43 $37, 668. 03 $36, 572. 77 $49, 665.92 $33, 44.72 Appropriated or allotted......... 70,000.00 50,000.00 50,000.00 50,000.00 50,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------------------------$64, 327. 12 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923--------------- -------------------------------- 50, 000. 00 114, 327. 12 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance. 33, 440. 72 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------------------------80, 886. 40 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities---------------------------19, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available-----------------------------_ 1, 886. 40 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance-------------------------------75, 000. 00 17. PORT CLINTON HARBOR, OHIO. Location and description.-Port Clinton Harbor comprises the lower half mile of the Portage River, which empties into Lake Erie at a point 72 miles westerly from Cleveland, Ohio. It is from 200 to 300 feet wide. The Portage River has its source in northern Ohio, flows generally in a northeasterly direction and empties into Lake Erie. It has a length of about 50 miles and a drainage area of about 580 square miles. Its fall and discharge are unknown. The river is nontidal, and its current near the mouth generally slug- gish. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 3.) Original condition.-Naturaldepths in the Portage River varied from about 10 feet near its mouth to 6 feet at Oak Harbor, the head of navigation, about 12 miles above the mouth. The width of the; channel varied from 50 to 150 feet. Prior to improvement little use was made of the river for navigation purposes, for the reason that its mouth was partially obstructed by a sand bar, over which the depth was variable, but seldom more than 5 feet. .The old river mouth was somewhat easterly from the present outlet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for parallel stone and pile jetties at the mouth of the river, the east jetty to be 2,200 feet long and the west jetty 1,980 feet long, extending to the 10-foot contour in the 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1518 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. lake, and for dredging a channel to a depth of 10 feet and 100 feet wide, except at the bridge, where it is to be widened to 200 feet for a length of 800 feet. The length of the channel is to be 5,000 feet, extending from 2,100 feet outside the jetties up to the highway bridge. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to a depth of 9.2 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. Ordi- nary fluctuations of water level are from 3 feet above to zero, low- water datum, and extreme fluctuations produced by wind and other causes are from 6.5 feet above to 3 feet below that plane. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1883, is $90,000. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 10, 1872. (See Annual Report for 1875, p. 295.) For latest published map, see House Document No. 815, Sixty-first Congress, second session. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are five private and one public fish docks, one private sand dock, and one public fueling dock, which is also used as a private lumber and cargo coal terminal. One dock at the foot of Madison Avenue is owned by the village of Port Clin- ton and is open to the public. One shipyard does some business in the building of small boats and launches. Terminal facilities are regarded as adequate for the needs of existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Such commerce as exists at this port has been made possible by the improvement of the river, as in its natural condition it was entirely unsuited to the needs of navigation. It has never been sufficiently developed, however, to accommodate the large type of vessels which now handle the bulk commodities-iron ore and coal-which form the gerater portion of lake commerce. There- fore, while of benefit to local small craft, the improvement has probably not resulted in any reduction of water rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Surveys to determine channel depths and conditions of breakwaters were made in May and June, 1923. Maintenance expenditures for surveys, inspec- tions, and contingencies were $228.64. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is completed. The jetties were completed in 1883 and the dredging in 1893. The jetties have deteriorated and repairs may soon be necessary. The controlling depth in the channel lakeward from the piers is 8.5 feet. Between- the piers and up to about 500 feet from Monroe Street Bridge, channel width is 100 feet, with controlling depth of 10 feet. Near the said bridge the controlling depth is 9 feet. Total expenditures under existing projects were $101,803.86, of which $71,949.86 was for new work and $29,854 for maintenance since 1894, prior to which time the amounts expended for works of improvement and for maintenance were so involved that it is im- practicable to separate them. RIVERS AND HARBORS----DETROIT, MICH., DISTRICT.' 1519 Pro ed operations-The unexpended balance amounts t4 $7,285.83, of which the sum of $6,500 was received from sale of por- tion of United States property at inner end of west jetty to Port Clinton Yacht Club. It is proposed to apply these funds as follows: Repalrs to east jetty during August and September, 1923- $--- $3, 200.00 Minor repairs to jetties, and contingencies-- --------------- 3, . 00 Harbor supervision, surveys, and office expenses -------------- 85. 83 Total--------__---.---- ----... 7, 8..8 Available funds will suffice for all necessary work of maintenance to June 30, 1925, and :accordingly no additional funds are required. Commercial staticstis.---The commerce of this port is compara tively unimportant. It is the base of a fishing industry, adduring 1922 there was a limited traffic in lumber, coal, and sand. The limits ing draft for vessels is about 10 feet. Copartive statement. By lake. By lake. Calendar year. Passengers. Calendar year. ' Passeagts Short tons. Value. Short tons. Valuse. 1918........... 1,372 $206, 550 4,970 1921.......... 5,893 . $186,890 347 1919........... 5, 577 197,221 9 780 1922.......... 13 441 222, 250 6,00 1920......... .. 16,.94 399,771 7,270 The increase in amount and value of commerce during 1922 was mainly due to increase in the items of fish and sand, the former being of large unit value. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $6,599.18: New work------------------____----------------------- $71, 949. 86 Maintenance ---------------. ---------... 29,854. 00 Net total expended -- ---------- -------------------- 101,803. 86 Total appropriations to date of this report,----------------- 109, 089. 69 Fiscal year eniding June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............. .. ............. . . ............................ Expended for maintenance 1..... $117.05 $173.68 $251.64 $234.39 $228.64 Appropriated or aotted......... ...... ......... .. .. 1 000.00........................ July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------------------______ 1, 014.47 Receipts from sales ,etc., during fiscal year 1923-------- -------- 6,500. 00 7, 514. 47 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance' 228. 64 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ---- ------------------- 7, 285. 83 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 61637-ENG 1923----0 420 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEY S REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED SEPTEMBER 2 2, 1922. The local engineer was charged with the duty of making prelim- inary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Cheboygan River, Mich., in the city of Cheboygan, with a view to securing a depth of 16 feet between the State Street Bridge and Elm Street. 2. Saginawo River, Mich., and entrance thereto, with a view to securing a channel depth of 21 feet with suitable width. 3. Toledo Harbor, Ohio, with a view to the construction of a break- water and securing a depth of 25 feet in the harbor and channel. 4. Port Clinton Harbor, Ohio. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT.* This district comprises all of the souti shore of Lake Erie from and including Sandusky Harbor, Ohio, to Buffalo Harbor, N. Y., the east side of Niagara River, all of the south shore of Lake Ontario eastward from Niagara River, and the St. Lawrence River as far east as the international boundary line. District engineer: Maj. P. S. Reinecke, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. J. G. Warren, Corps of Engineers, to September 4, 1922, and Col. Spencer Cosby, Corps of Engineers, since that date. IMPROVEMENTS. [The letters and figures in parentheses indicate the group and the numerical order in the group to which the respective improvements belong for purposes of appropriation.] Page. Page. 1. Sandusky Harbor, Ohio 13. Niagara River, N. Y. (B5) 1577 (A1)___________________ 1520 14. Operating and care of Black 2. Huron Harbor, Ohio (A2) __ 1525 Rock Canal and Lock and 3. Vermilion Harbor, Ohio Ferry Street Bridge, Buf- (A3)--_------------- 1529 falo, N. Y_ _ 1581 4. Lorain Harbor, Ohio (A4) -- 1.531 35. Olcott Harbor, N. Y. (C1) __ 1582 5. Cleveland Harbor, Ohio 16. Charlotte Harbor, N. Y. (AS)- _ -_ _- - 1535 (C2) -------------------- 1584 6. Fairport Harbor, Ohio (A6) 7. Ashtabula Harbor, Ohio - 1541 17. Great Sodus Bay Harbor, N. Y. (C3)--------- 1588 (A7)- 1545 18. Little Sodus Bay Harbor, 8. Conneaut Harbor, Ohio N. Y. (C4) -------------- 1592 (AS) . 1550 19. Oswego Harbor, N. Y. (C5)_ 1595 9. Erie Harbor, Pa. (B1) _____ 1554 20. Cape Vincent Harbor, N. Y. 10. Dunkirk Harbor, N. Y. (B2) _ 1559 (C6)-------------------- 1602 11. Buffalo Harbor, N. Y. (B3) 1563 21. Ogdensburg Harbor, N. Y. 12. Black Rock Channel and (C) -------------------- 1604 Tonawanda Harbor, N. Y. (B4)- 1571 SANDUSKY, HURON, VERMILION, LORAIN, CLEVELAND, FAIRPORT, ASHTABULA, AND CONNEAUT HARBORS, OHIO. (GROUP A.) 1. SANDUSKY HARBOR, OHIO. (Al.) Location and description.-Sandusky Harbor is located in the southeasterly portion of Sandusky Bay, a natural harbor, some 221 square miles in area, which opens into Lake Erie, and is 55 miles by RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1521 water westerly, from Cleveland, Ohio. It comprises the channel through the outer bar and through- the bay, a distance of about 3 miles, and along the city front, which is developed for a distance of about 1l miles. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 3.) Original condition.-Sandusky Bay was generally about 10 feet deep below low-water datum over its easterly portion, but shoal areas reduced the available depth for vessels approaching the city to a minimum of 7 feet. A sand bar extending from Sand Point on the north to Cedar Point on the south separated the bay from the lake. A mile outside of Cedar Point the depth over this bar was only 8 feet, but off Cedar Point depths as great as 34 feet obtained. At the up- per or westerly end of Sandusky Bay the Sandusky River has its outlet. Depths in the bay up to the river mouth were about 8 feet; thence upstream to Fremont, the head of navigation, a distance of about 18 miles, a general depth of 8 feet obtained, although numerous shoals reduced the available depth to about 4 feet. Previous projects.-These were adopted by the river and harbor acts of June 11, 1844, June 23, 1866, March 3, 1873, July 5, 1884, August 11, 1888, and August 18, 1894. The total expended under these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1899 was $477,149.09 for new work and maintenance (not separable). For further details of previous projects see page 1960 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 400 feet wide and 21 feet deep from deep water in Lake Erie through Sandusky Bay, a distance of about 3 miles, to the city water front docks, thence along the water front, a channel about 11 miles in length, 300 feet wide and 21 feet deep in the easterly portion and 20 feet deep in the westerly portion, ending in a turning basin 550 feet wide, 20 feet deep; for protecting works consisting of a stone jetty on the easterly side of the channel extending northeasterly from Cedar Point, a distance of 6,000 feet, with suitable pierhead; a short stone spur at Cedar Point; and for the revetment of the slope adjacent to the chan- nel in the vicinity of the front range light with a brush-and-stone mattress. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. These depths correspond to depths of 20.2 and 19.2 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. Ordinary fluctuations of water level are from 3 feet above to zero, low-water datum, and extreme fluctuations, produced by wind and other causes, are from 6 feet above to 2.5 below that plane. The estimate of cost for new work, revised, in 1920, is $1,330,740, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects.- The latest (1916> approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for the channel protec- tion works (H. Doc. No. 362, 55th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Re- port for 1898, p. 2708), and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the latest dimensions of the dredged channel and of the east jetty and pierhead (H. Doc. No. 982, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the latter document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. 1522 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, requires the city of Sandusky or other local interests to contribute $50,000 toward the cost of the new work. The condition was com- lied with on October 22, 1920, and $50,000 deposited in the Treasury. The city has expended approximately $50,000 in addition to the above amount in excavating rock from the channel in front of the city within the limits of the existing project. Terminal facilities.-The city of Sandusky has expended approxi- mately $110,000 in constructing two municipal wharves, which are leased to private interests to operate a coal terminal thereon, which terminal is open to shippers and handled in 1922 .about 99 per cent of all the tonnage shipped by water from this harbor, or 77 per cent of the total receipts and shipments. One railroad terminal, open to public use, is equipped with coal-loading facilities, with an elevator for handling grain, and with a large warehouse for miscellaneous freight. Two terminals with warehouses are used by regular vessel lines carrying passengers and miscellaneous freight, open to the public. Several fuel docks, privately owned, do a public business. One dock for stone; five for fish, and one for lumber are private. Three private docks, of which two are on Cedar Point, handle passengers and mer- chandise in connection with the summer resort in that locality. The city of Sandusky owns docks at two street ends which can accom- modate small boats, and one dock near the foot of Jackson Street, all open to the public. The facilities are regarded as adequate for the needs of existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The effect of the improvement has been to provide a direct channel used by all vessels entering or leaving Sandusky Harbor about 12 feet deeper than the indirect natural channel. At least 80 per cent of the traffic of the port is conducted by vessels which avail themselves of the full project depth. Water rates on bulk commodities, except grain, have been reduced by im- proved conditions on the Lakes. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging to restore a depth of 19 feet at low-water datum and new work dredgihg and rock excavation to obtain the project depth of 20 feet in the west dock channel was begun under contract in November, 1922, and was in progress at the end of the fiscal year. Material overlying bedrock had been removed over about 800,000 square feet, but clear project depth had not been obtained over most of this area. Drilling and blasting of bedrock began on June 18, 1923, but dredg- ing of blasted rock had not begun. Expenditures, $14,956.23. Maintenance dredging in west dock channel was done by the U. S. dredge Burton in July, 1922, to maintain the controlling, depth of 18 feet at low water datum; 50,328 cubic yards of overlying material were removed. Expenditures, including care and repair of dredging plant, $12,819.63. Annual examination of channel conditions was made in April-May, 1923. Expenditures. $230.80. Expenditures for harbor supervision, inspection, and contingencies were $541.71. Total expenditures were $28,548.37, of. which $14,- 956.23 was for new work and $13,592.14 for maintenance. RIVERS AND HARBORS---BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. .1528 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 62 per cent com- pleted. Channel of the existing project width and length, with a depth of 19 feet at low-water datum, was completed in 1915. The east jetty from Cedar Point, 5,940 feet long, with a pierhead 60 feet long at its outer end, was completed in 1921. The short spur dike at Cedar Point and the revetment of channel slope near the front range light were completed in 1901. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is deepening the westerly dock chan- nel to 20 feet (work now in progress) and the other channels to 21 feet at low-water datum. The protecting works are generally in good condition. The outer 200 feet of jetty shows some settle- ment. In the outer bar channel the controlling depth is 20 feet for a least width of 90 feet. In the straight and east dock chan- nels the controlling depth is 19 feet for a least width of 70 feet in the former and of 40 feet in the latter channel. In the west dock channel the controlling depth is 18 feet for a least width of 100 feet. Total expenditures under the existing project were $987,672.28,, of which $827,581.20 was for new work and $160,091.08 was for maintenance since 1903, prior to which time the amounts expended for works of improvement and for maintenance were so involved that it is impracticable to separate them. In addition $50,000 was expended from contributed funds for new work. Proposed opeations.-It is proposed to apply the balance uney pended July 1, 1923, amounting to $166,218.08, as follows: New work: Dredging and rock excavation in west dock channel, under ex- isting contract, to secure project depth of 20 feet (July-No- vember, 1923), including allowable overdepth .-..-- $124,357. 00 Maintenance: Redredging in west dock channel, under existing contract (July-November, 1923) ------------ $27, 000.00 Annual examination, May, 1924----------------... 569.20 Redredging in outer, straight, and east dock chan- nel, U. S. hopper dredge Burton, including care and repair of dredging plant, July, 1923, and May, 1924------------- ----------------- 11, 551. 53 Harbor supervision, inspection boat, and office ex- penses --------------- ,---------- 2, 740. 35 41, 861. 08 Total ---- ----------------------- -- - 166, 218. 08 The funds available will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1924. The completion of the channels to the full project depth and width is important and should be accomplished as soon as possible. An- nual redredging is also necessary. The cost of this work, together with the amount needed for other items of maintenance during the fiscal year 1925, should be provided as follows: New work : Completion of dredging between the depths of 19 and 21 feet in outer, straight, and easterly portion of dock channels to the project depth and width .. __ -------------- _ $100, 000 Maintenance : Annual examinations------------------------------ $400 Harbor supervision, inspection boat, and office expenses__ 2, 100 1524 REPORI T O CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Maintenance--Continued. Redredging to depth of 19 feet in outer, straight, and east dock channels, to be done in conjunction with new work dredging to obtain project depth and width chan- nels---------------------------------------- $72, 500 Share of cost of new steel hull for derrick boat No. 1 and 2 new steel barges to replace old wooden hull and barges (contract) -- --..... 7, 000 $82, 000 Total -------------------------------------------- 182, 000 The amount required for maintenance exceeds the average amount expended annually for maintenance during the preceding five years, and exceeds the approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance by $72,000, accounted for by the items for redredging and for share of cost of new steel derrick-boat hull and two new steel barges, both of which are considered urgent. . Commercial statistics.-The principal receipts, in the order of their value, consisted of merchandise, fresh fish, lake sand, wheat, rye, and limestone flux. The shipments consisted of soft coal and merchandise. Qf the total freight traffic (short tons) in 1922, the percentages were as follows: Soft coal, 83; lake sand, 16; and miscellaneous, 1 per cent. * Of the total coal shipments, those to Canadian ports comprised per cent. Vessels engaged in bulk-freight traffic have a draft of 19 to 20 feet; the remainder of the commerce of the port is handled by lighter-draft vessels. Sandusky is the base of supply and market for the neighboring islands-Kelleys, South Bass, Middle Bass, and North Bass. A very extensive passenger-excursion traffic is carried on with Cedar Point during the summer months. Comparative statement. By lake. By lake. Calendar Passengers. CalendarPassengers. year. year. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1918................ 2,983,369 13,527,875 232,245 1921......... 2, 427, 220 $13, 526, 919 208,170 1919........... 2,069,066 16, 637, 001 353, 18 13,496,624 1922.......... 23,732,059 323,609 1920........... 2,277,489 20,0 095 332,016 i Exclusive of ferry and short haul traffic, viz., 24,391 short tons, $5,025,241 value, 1,502,212 passengers. The increase in freight traffic, both short tons and value, for the calendar year 1922 over that of 1921, is due to increased receipts and shipments of soft coal, lake sand, and rye. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $14,278.08: New work-------------------- --------- ----------- -- $1, 318, 730. 29 Maintenance. ----------------------------------- ----- 146, 091. 08 Net total expended----------------------------- ------ 1,464, 821. 37 Total appropriations to date of this report---,---------- ,631, 089. 45 1---- 1In addition, the sum of $50,000 was expended from contributed funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1525 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1$...................... 858.78 $27,271.75 $69,554.23 $14,956.23 Expended for maintenance 1..... $9, 982.22 13, 080. 91 8, 095.70 7, 598.16 13, 592.14 Total expended 1.......... 9,982.22 13, 139.69 35, 367.45 77,152.39 28, 548.37 Appropriated or allotted......... 201,000.00 .............................. 60,000.00 48,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------------------- -- $146, 766. 45 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923-------------- ---------------------- 33, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 30, 1922----------------------------------- 15, 000. 00 194, 766. 45 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work$----------- -L-- - --- $14, 956. 23 For maintenance ___ 13, 592. 14 28, 548. 37 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------------------- ---- 166, 218. 08 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-------------- $500. 00 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts, 75, 544. 89 76, 044. 89 July 1, 1923, balance available----------------------------- 90, 173. 19 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project.. .---------------------------------- 379, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work------------------------------------- S100, 000. 00 For maintenance - .-- .--- ........................ '82, 000, 00 Total I Ll--------------------------------- '182, 000.00 2. HURON HARBOR, OHIO. (A2.) Location and description.--HuronHarbor is located at the mouth of Huron River, which flows into Lake Erie 47 miles by water west- erly from Cleveland, Ohio. It comprises the lower mile of Huron River, from 150 to 300 feet wide; an outer harbor somewhat triangu- lar in shape, 14 acres in area, about 1,000 feet long and from 300 to 900 feet wide, and a channel of approach from deep water to the entrance between 'the pierheads, about 2,000 feet long and 300 feet wide. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 3.) Original condition.-Naturaldepths in Huron River were about 18 feet below low-water datum for about 1 mile above its mouth; thence to Milan, the head of navigation, 10 miles above the mouth, there was an available depth of about 8 feet. The channel had a, general width of about 100 feet. The mouth of the river was, how- ever, closed by a sand bar, which prevented entrance during the greater part of the time. Previous projects.-These were adopted by the river and harbor acts of May 20, 1826, and September 19, 1890. The total amount 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1526 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. expended thereunder prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1905 was $269,789.07. For further details of previous projects see page 1961 of Annual Report for 1915. .xisting project,--This provides for a timber crib pier on the west side of the entrance channel 1,970 feet long and for a rubble- mound jetty on the east side 1,750 feet long; for the removal of old east pier; for widening the river from the lower slip of the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad to its mouth to a least width of 200 feet; for constructing a new spur pier on the east side of the widened channel; for dredging a channel of approach 300 feet wide and 19 feet deep; and for dredging the area of about 14 acres sheltered by the west pier and east jetty to a depth of 19 feet. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to a depth of 18.2 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. Ordi- nary fluctuations of water level are from 3 feet above to zero, low- water datum, and extreme fluctuations, produced by wind and other causes, are from 5.5 feet above to 2.5 feet below that plane. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, is $350,000, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects. The latest (1922} approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,500. The' existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts E The. act of March a, 1905, provided for the west pier, east jetty, channel of approach, and dredging the sheltered area (H. Doc. No. 122,68th Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of March 2, 1919, pro- vided for the removal of the old east pier, construction of new spur pier, and the river widening and enlargement of the sheltered area (E. Dec. No. 5, 63d Cong., 1st sess.). Reeommended modification of project.-None. Locc cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1917, required that land necessary for the river widening be donated and the necessary bulkhead constructed free of cost to the United States. Fully complied with by the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad Co., easement to the United States. for the required land having been con- veyed by instrument executed December 9, 1919. Termanznl fa~~ities.-The Wheeling & Lake Eriq Railroad Co, has expended approximately $115,000 in deepening and maintaining the channel above; the limits of the Federal improvement. This com- paay has a dock with a frontage of over 1 mile,, which affords facili- ties for, handling iron ore, coal, sand, and limestone, together with dock space for lumber, etc. This terminal does practically all of the business af the harbor, is equipped with uitable mechanical appli- anceQ, arid is open to shippers of the cornodities which can be handled. Three, fish docks are private. The village of Huron owns a dock at the foot of South Street which can accommodate small boats and is open to the .public. The facilities are regarded as ade- quate for the needs of existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, Q6th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.--The improvement has made commercial development possible, as in its natural condition the harbor was entirey unisuited to the needs of navigation. Over 95 per cent of the RIVERS AND HARBORS--BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT., 1527 business of the port for 1922 was the transshipment of iron ore and coal. the water rates on which have been greatly reduced by im- proved conditions on the Great Lakes (of which the improvement of Huron Harbor is a part). Operations and results during fiscal year.-The north and west faces of west pierhead were reinforced with 2,439.85 tons of riprap stone and 25 tons of stone were used to repair the outer end of east breakwater. Work was done by hired labor and Government plant. The expenditures for maintenance were $7,629.39. Maintenance dredging in the entrance channel to maintain project depth was done in July, 1922, and June, 1923, by U. S. hopper dredge Burton; 12,388 cubic yards (bin measurement) of sand and mud were removed. Expenditures, including care and repair of dredging plant, $5,016.84. Annual examination was made in July, 1922, and April, 1923. Expenditures, $329.73. Expenditures for harbor supervision, contingencies, and office were $608.44. Total expenditures for fiscal year were $13,584.40, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The project is 66 per cent com- pleted. 'Dredging for enlargement of the sheltered area and the construction of new spur pier on the east side of the widened channel remains to be done to complete the project. The easterly rubble mound jetty and the west pier were completed in 1908, except the extension of west pier to shore, in order to close the breach pro- vided for in the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, which was done as a necessary maintenance measure in 1914 subsequent to submitting the recommendation to Congress. Dredging, except the enlargement of the sheltered area, was completed in 1920. The old east pier was removed in 1919. The west pier is in poor condition. The superstructure for a length of 1,190 feet is of timber, and has deteriorated to such an extent that replacement by a permanent superstructure is badly needed. The outer concrete section of west pier and the west pierhead showed considerable settlement, which was checked in 1915 by repairs then made, and the pierhead further protected by riprap placed in 1922. The east jetty and pierhead are in good condition. The sheltered area has not been maintained and has shoaled to from 6 to 10 feet, except in the channel. The controlling, depth in the channel is 19 feet, low-water datum. The total expenditures under the existing project were $366,935.20, of which $232,659.08 was for new work and $134,276.12 was for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the balance unex- pended July 1, 1923, amounting to $14,049.44, for maintenance, as follows : Annual examination, April, 1924------------- ----------------- $144. 77 Redredging in entrance channel, U. S. hopper dredge Burton, includ- ing care and repair of dredging plant, June, 1924--------------10, 233. 42 Harbor supervision, inspection boat, and office expenses ----------- 3, 671. 25 Total---------------------------------------------14, 049. 44 The funds available will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1924. The old timber superstructure on west pier is badly decayed and should be replaced with stone. Redredging is also required annually, 1528 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. and these, with other items of maintenance, should be provided for the fiscal year 1925, as follows: Annual examination -.. ----------------------- - - $400 Harbor supervision, inspection boat, and office expenses - - -- 1,100 Redredging in entrance channel, including care and repair of dredging plant, U. S. hopper dredge Burton__---------.---------- 4, 000 Share of cost of new steel hull for derrick boat No. 1 and two steel barges, contract------------------------------------------- 7, 000 Replacing old timber superstructure on 1,190 linear feet of west pier with stone paving; removing old superstructure, 1,190 linear feet, at $12, by contract or U. S. derrick boat No. 1- $14, 280 5,000 tons of stone in place at $4, contract or U. S. derrick boat No. 1---- ---------------------------- --- -- 20,000 Engineering and contingencies .---------- ------------------ 8,720 38,000 Total-- ---------------- ---------------------------- 50,500 The amount required for maintenance exceeds the average amount expended for maintenance during the preceding five years and exceeds the approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance by $45,000, which is the amount needed for repair of west pier and for share of cost of replacing three old wooden derrick and barge hulls with new steel barges. Commercial statistics.-About 98 per cent of the commerce of the port is the transshipment of soft coal and iron ore. Vessels engaged in this trade have a draft of 19 to 21 feet. Other traffic is limestone flux, fish, and sand. Comparative statement. By lake. By lake. Calendar year. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1918 ................... 4,128,827 $18,960,210 1921......... ....... 2,214,631 10,949,882 1919 .................. ....2,826,314 12,946,057 1922........ ........ 1,114,569 5, 996,921 1920 .................... 3,584, 355 23,574,640 No passenger statistics. The decrease in freight traffic, both short tons and value, for the calendar year 1922 under that of 1921 is due to the decreased ship- ment of soft coal, partially offset by increased receipts of iron ore, limestone flux, and molding sand. There were no imports. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $7,176.28: New work ---------------------------------------- $502, 448. 15 Maintenance -------------------------------------- 134, 276. 12 Net total expended -------------------------------------- 636, 724. 27 Total appropriations to date of this report_---------------- 650, 773. 71 -____ RIVERS AND HARBORS--BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1529 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expended for new work 1 $10, 144.23 $24,036.42..... ........ Expended for maintenance ..... $3,368.44 4,886.79 3,565.05 $3,834.75 $13,584.40 Total expended.......... . 3,368.44 15,031.02 27,601.47 3, 834,75 13, 584.40 Appropriated or allotted......... 3, 000.00 44,500.00 ................ 18,000.00 2,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended -- ---- ------ ---- $25, 633. 84 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923-------------------------------------------- 2, 000. 00 27, 633. 84 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 13, 584. 40 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-------.----------------- 14, 049. 44 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-. ------------------------------------- 117, 300. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance---------- ---------------------- 50, 500. 00 3. VERMILION HARBOR, OHIO. (A3.) Location and description.-Vermilion Harbor is located at the mouth of Vermilion River, which empties into Lake Erie at a point 37 miles by water westerly from Cleveland, Ohio. It comprises the lower 3,000 feet of Vermilion River, which is about 125 feet wide, and a channel of approach from the lake about 500 feet long and 100 feet wide. (See United States Lake Survey chart No. 3.) Original condition.-Only the lower reach of the river, about 1 mile m length, had sufficient natural depth to accommodate even small craft. For about 3,000 feet above its mouth the river channel was about 75 feet wide and from 6 to 10 feet deep below low-water datum, but the mouth itself was obstructed by a sand bar, over which the usual depth was about 2 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for two parallel piers 125 feet apart, with an aggregate length of 2,200 feet, extending from the shore at the mouth of the river to a natural depth of 10 feet in the lake, and dredging a channel 100 feet wide and 12 feet deep below low-water datum between the piers and beyond them to deep water in the lake. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to a depth of 11.2 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. Ordi- nary fluctuations of water level are from 3 feet above to zero, low- water datum, and extreme fluctuations produced by wind or other causes are from 5 feet above to 2 feet below that plane. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1903, is $127,692. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. 1Exclusive of available funds. 1530 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMIY, 1923. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of July 4, 1836, made the original authorization of work (no printed report); the act of March 3, 1875, authorized the 12-foot depth (Annual Report for 1874, p. 219); and the act of March 3, 1905, provided for the thorough repair of the piers (H. Dec. No. 252, 58th Cong., 2d sess.). For the latest published map see page 2128, Annual Report for 1909. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-A small amount was expended by the village of Vermilion and local interests during the fiscal year 1915 for widening and deepening the river above the limits of the Federal project. There are four private fish docks in use and one private lumber dock not utilized at the present time. Fish and sand are the only commodities handled by water at the harbor. The vil- lage of Vermilion owns docks at two street ends which can accom- modate small boats and are open to the public. (For a full de- scription of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Terminal facilities are regarded as adequate for the needs of existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made possible the limited use of Vermilion Harbor, as in its natural condition it was entirely unsuited to the needs of navigation. The improvement has had no effect on water rates, as it does not provide facilities for the larger type of vessels which handle the greater part of the commerce on the Great Lakes. Vermilion is primarily a fishing harbor, and the facilties are sufficient for the conduct of this business. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Annual examination of channel conditions was made in May, 1923. Maintenance ex- penditures for examination, harbor supervision and repair of dredg- ing plant were $1,611.99. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted about 1878. The harbor works are generally in fair condition. The channel in the lake outside ends of piers has a controlling depth of 10.3 feet. Between the piers the controlling depth is 10 feet for a least width of. 50 feet. The total expenditures under existing project were $175,617.73, of which $133,277.55 was for new work and $42,340.18 was for mainte- nanoe since 1903, prior to which time the amounts expended for works of improvement and for maintenance were so involved that it was impracticable to separate them. Proposed operations. It is proposed to apply the unexpended bal- ance, amounting to $5, for general administrative expenses. The funds available will be expended by June 30, 1924. Redredging is necessary to restore the project depth of 12 feet at low-water datum, and this, with the other items of maintenance, should be provided for the fiscal year 1925, as follows: Annual examination---------------------------------200 Harbor supervision, inspection boat, and office expenses--------------- 600 Redredging------------ --------------------------- --------- 1, 200 Total------------------ 2, 000 Commercial statistics.-This harbor is almost exclusiveiy used by fishing interests. Fish tugs draw from 6 to 10 feet. All vessels entering or leaving the harbor make use of the improvement. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1531 Comparative statement. By lake. By lake. Calendar year. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1918 ............ .. .1,092 1141,960 ................... 1921 6,414 $50,400 1919................. ... 597 109,900 22....................... 7,05 64,930 1920.................... 517 97,590 No pssenger statistics. The increase in freight traffic, both short tons and value, for the calendar year 1922 over that of 1921 is due to the increased receipts of fresh fish and sand. There were no shipments nor foreign traffic. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to'$0.82: New work--$1-------------------------------------------- $33, 277. 55 Maintenance ------------------- ------------------------- 42,340. 18 Net total expended---------------------------- -- 175, 617k 73 Total appropriations to date of this report- 622. ?3 1--------------- 175, Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.............. .......................... Expended for maintenance 1..... $118.70 $108.10 $970.31 $224.70 $1,611.99 Appropriated or allotted......... ............... ........ .................. 'Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ._------- ------- --. $1, 616. 99 July 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 1, 611. 99 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------------------------------- 5. 00 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ------------------------------- 5.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance-------------------------------- - 2, 000. 00 4. LORAIN HARBOR, OHIO. (A4.) Location and description.-Lorain,Harbor is located at the mouth of Black River, which flows into Lake Erie 28 miles by water west- erly from Cleveland, Ohio. It comprises an outer harbor formed by breakwaters, which is some 60 acres in area, about 1,900 feet long, with an average width of 1,450 feet, and the lower 3 miles of Black River, which is from 160 to 350 feet wide. (See U. S.Lake Survey chart No. 3.) Original conditio.-A natural channel about 100 feet wide and 8 to 13 feet deep below low-water datum extended from the mouth of I Exclusive of available funds. 1532 VS. REPORT OF CHIEF OF.. ENGINEERS i U.i ARMY, 1923. the river upstream for about-3 miles to the head of navigation. The mouth of the river was, however, obstructed by a sand bar, over which the depth was usually about 3 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of May 23, 1828. The total amount expended there- under prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1899 was $292,202.88 for new work and maintenance .(not separable). For further details of previous project see page 1961 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.--This provides for an outer harbor about 60 acres in area formed by converging rubble-mound breakwaters with an aggregate length of 6,350 feet and having an entrance 500 feet wide between pierheads of timber cribs with concrete superstructure' located at the outer ends of the breakwaters and 1:800 -feet. outside- the entrance of the channel, between the piers; for parallel piers of timber cribs with concrete superstructure at the mouth of the river- 300 feet apart and having an aggregate length of 2,765 feet; and for dredging the outer harbor and channel 250 feet wide between the piers and upstream to the Erie Avenue Highway Bridge, a length of about 3,000 feet, to a depth of 20 feet. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to a depth of 19.2 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. Ordinary fluctuations of water level are from 3 feet above to low-water datum, and extreme fluctuations, produced by wind and other causes, are from 5 feet above to 2 feet below that plane. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1916, is $1,068,129, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1916) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3,"1899, provided for the present dimensions of the entrance piers (H. Doc. No. 131, 55th Cong., 2d sess., and Annual Report for 1898, p. 2718) ; the act of March 2, 1907, provided for widening Black River from the inner end of the easterlV Govern- ment pier to Erie Avenue Bridge (no printed report) ; and the act of August 8. 1917. provided for the present dimensions of the break- water (H. Doc. No. 980, 64th Cong., 1st sess.), and for deepening the outer harbor aud channel between piers (H. Doc: No. 985, 64th Cong.,. 1st sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 254,. Sixty-sixth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation-The river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, required the city oflLorain to contribute $3,000 toward the cost of the extension of west breakwater to shore. Fully complied with May 9, 1919. ierminal facilities.-The city of Lorain has expended approxt- mately $646,800 in obtaining and maintaining a channel in Black River above the Erie Avenue Bridge to the plant of the National' Tube Co. located about 3 miles above the mouth of the river, with winding.basin at the upperend, and in constructing a public dock.. The channel is 120 to 200 feet wide and 20 feet deep at low-water RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1533 datum. One iTon ore -and two coal terminals are owned by the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co., together with dock space for trans- shipment of lumber, etc., to or from cars, which are open to the public. Extensive docks of the National Tube Co. handle iron ore, limestone, and sand, and are not open to the public. One lumber andthree fish docks are privately owned. The American Ship- building Co. has dry docks and facilities for building and repairing the largest lake vessels. The city of Lorain owns a public dock, without rail connection, which is open to the general public for local business. Terminal facilities at Lorain Harbor are regarded as ade- quate for the needs of existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement of Lorain Harbor has made its commercial development possible, as in its natural condi- tion it was entirely unsuited to the requirements of navigation. Water rates on the principal commodities-iron ore and coal-have been greatly reduced by improved conditions on the Great Lakes, of which the improvement of Lorain Harbor is a part. Water trans- portation enjoys an almost complete monopoly in the movement of bulky commodities, which include practically all of the commerce of Lorain Harbor. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Annual examination of the channel was made in April, 1923. Expenditures, $230.86. Total expenditures during the year were $10,692, of which $3,000 was for new work (pro rata expenditure on three new steel dump scows for dredge Sodus) and $7,692 was for maintenance, including pro rata for repairs to dredging plant. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was 83 per cent com- pleted. The work remaining to be done is to deepen the protected area in the outer harbor on both sides of the entrance channel to 20 feet at low-water datum. The river entrance has been improved by the construction of parallel piers and dredging up to the Erie Avenue Bridge, providing a channel 20 feet deep at low-water datum and 250 feet wide. An outer harbor about 60 acres in area had been provided by constructing breakwaters and by dredging to a depth of 19 feet outside of the entrance channel and 20 feet in that channel. The piers were completed in 1908; the breakwaters, including pier- heads, in 1915, except extension of west breakwater to shore, which was completed in 1921. Dredging was completed in 1919. At the end of the fiscal year the harbor works were in good condition. The controlling depth in channel of approach is 20 feet at low- water datum for a width of 480 feet at breakwater pierheads, nar- rowing to 200 feet at the ends of the piers and continuing at about that width to within 500 feet of Erie Avenue Bridge, narrowing to 90 feet at the bridge. Expenditures under the existing project were $973,919.88 from United States funds, of which $880,574.06 was for new work and $93,345.82 was for maintenance, since 1903, prior to which time the amounts expended for works of improvement and for maintenance are so involved that it is impracticable to separate them. All con- tributed funds ($3,000) for new work have been expended. 1534 REPORT OF CHIEF OF E1GINEERS, 1t. S. ARMVIY, 1923. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to apply the unexpended bal- ance, amounting to $21,732.013 as follows: New work: Dredging in outer harbor to secure project depth of 20 feet at low-water datum, about 50 per cent of area remaining to be deepened can be done with the available funds, U. S. hopper dredge Burton, July, 1923, and June, 1924_ ----- _---- $16, 488. 23 Maintenance: Annual examination, May, 1924 __ Redredging, including care and repair of dredging $169. 14 - plant, U. S. hopper dredge Burton, July, 1923--.. 4, 022. 68 Harbor supervision, inspection boat and office ex- penses------------------------------------1, 051. 96 5, 243. 78 Total--------------------------------------------- 21, 732. 01 The funds available will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1924. Redredging is required annually. The old wooden hull of derrick boat No. 1, should be replaced with a new steel hull and two new steel barges built to replace old wooden deck barges, for use in repair of breakwaters and piers and removal of miner obstructions from channels and harbors. These, with the other usual items of maintenance, should be provided for the fiscal year 1925, as follows: Annual examinations------------------------- $600 Harbor supervision, inspection boat and office expenses-------------- 1, 400 Redredging, including care and repair of dredging plant, U. S. hopper dredge Burton-------------------------------------------- 7, 000 Share of cost of new steel hull for derrick boat No. 1, and 2 new steel barges------------------ ------------------------------ 10, 000 Total_------------- ---------------------------- 19, 000 The amount required exceeds the amount expended for maintenance during the preceding five years and exceeds the approved estimate of the annual cost of maintenance by $14,000, accounted for by item of $10,000 for share of cost of three new steel barges, and $4,000 to provide for two years' redredging. Commercial statistics.-Iron ore and soft coal comprise about 91 per cent of the total freight traffic (short tons) of the port and prac- tically all vessels engaged in this commerce have a draft of 19 to 21 feet. Other traffic is limestone flux, lake sand, steel pipe, and fish. All commerce makes use of the improvement. Comparative statement. By lake. By lake. Calendar year. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1918......................... ,586,686 $35,492,356 4,941,882 $23,469,617 1921....................... 1919...................... 1920.................... 8,817,729 8,519 316 31,379,017 57,402,771 1922...................... 5 ,498656 29,754,378 No passenger statistics. The increase in freight traffic, both short tons and value, for the calendar year 1922 over that of 1921 is due to the increased receipts of RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICTr. 1535 iron ore, limestone flux, lake sand, and export of steel pipe, partially offset by decreased exports and domestic shipments of soft coal. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $180.42: New work_______________- - __ -- --- --- 1 $1, 172, 776. 94 Maintenance__ ------------------------------------- 93, 345. 82 Net total expended_______- - -- 1, 266, 122. 76 Total appropriations to date of this report------- ---- 1, 287, 854. 77 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1...... $25,505.12 $2,590.62 $16,694.39 $14, 495.60 $3, 000.00 Expended for maintenance 1.... 406. 84 1, 528.95 3, 808. 96 4,159.62 7, 692. 00 Total expended 1......... 35, 911.96 4,119.57 20, 503.35 18, 655.22 10, 692.00 Appropriated or allotted......... 20,000.00 3,000.00 .. ............................ ]Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ...... ____ $32, 424. 01 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work ----------------------------- $3,000. 00 For maintenance --- ----------------------- 7, 692. 00 10, 692. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------ ------------------- 21, 732. 01 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities--------------------------- 56. 20 July 1, 1923, balance available------------------------------ 21, 675. 81 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-- ------------------------------- 2 171, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance ------------------------------ 19, 000. 00 5. CLEVELAND HARBOR, OHIO. (A5.) Location and description.-ClevelandHarbor is on the south.shore of Lake Erie at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, 96 miles by water easterly from Toledo, Ohio, which is at the westerly end of the lake, and 176 miles by water southwesterly from Buffalo, N. Y., which is at the easterly end of the lake. The harbor comprises the lower 5 miles of Cuyahoga River, which is from 150 to 325 feet wide; the " Old River," which is about 1 mile long and from 175 to 200 feet wide; and an outer harbor, formed by breakwaters, which is about 5 miles long and from 1,600 to 3,800 feet wide. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 3.) Original condition.-No natural harbor existed. The river near its mouth was about 15 feet deep at ordinary stage, but was ob- structed by a sand bar over which a depth of about 3 feet only was available. The old mouth was about 700 feet west of the present outlet. Little use was made of the river for purposes of navigation. 1 In addition, the sum of $3,000 was expended from contributed funds. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 61637-ENG 1923-97 1536 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Previous projects.-These were adopted by acts of March 3, 1825, June 23, 1866, March 3, 1875, August 5, 1886, and August 11, 1888, The total amount expended thereunder prior to beginning expendi- tures under the existing project in 1897 was $1,564,153.56 for new work and maintenance (not separable). For further details of pre- vious projects see page 1962 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the formation of an outer harbor 5 miles long and 1,600 to 2,000 feet wide, 19 feet deep, with provisional dredging to 23 feet, by means of dredging, and construct- ing two breakwaters, the east one to be 21,270 feet long, with pierhead at easterly end, of which 3,300 feet is of timber crib and 17,970 feet of rubble mound construction, and the west one, which is connected with the shore, to be 7,130 feet long, comprising 5,997 feet of timber cribs with concrete superstructure, a " gap " of 201 feet, and 932 feet of pile and timber crib construction; a main entrance 700 feet wide between converging rubble mound breakwaters extending 1,250 feet lakeward from and between the main breakwaters; two parallel stone-filled timber crib piers with concrete superstructure at the mouth of Cuyahoga River; the east pier to be 1,530 feet long and the west pier 1,440 feet long; a channel between them 19 feet deep, pro- visional dredging to 23 feet, 325 feet wide and 2,000 feet long meas- ured from the outer end of the piers; straightening and improving 4- miles of Cuyahoga River in cooperation with the city of Cleve- land, at a cost to the United States not to exceed $400,000; and a stone-filled wooden-pile wharf and reinforced concrete storehouse at the foot of East Ninth Street in the outer harbor. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. These depths correspond to depths of 18.2 and 22.2 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. Ordinary fluctuations of water level are from 3 feet above to zero, low-water datum, and extreme fluctuations produced by wind and other causes are from 4.5 feet above to 1 foot below that plane. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1917, to include $400,000 for the straightening of Cuyahoga River, is $6,839,456, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects; inclusive of provisional dredging to 23 feet, $7,026,456. The latest (1918) ap- proved estimate of cost for annual maintenance is $25,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for rebuilding the piers and completing the east breakwater (H. Doc. No. 326, 54th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1896, p. 2949) ; the act of March 3, 1899, as modified by the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the channel between the piers and the east and west outer harbor basins 19 feet deep and provisional dredging to 23 feet depth (H. Doc. No. 156, 55th Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Report for 1899, pp. 3075 and 3078)*; the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the main, harbor entrance and east breakwater extension (H. Doc. No. 118, 56th Cong., .2d sess.) ; the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the wharf and storehouse (H. Doc. No. 270, 59th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for closing a gap in the east break- water (repott not printed); the act of July 27, 1916, provided for the pierhead at the easterly end of the east breakwater (IH. Doc. No. 891, 63d Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of August 8, 1917, provided RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1537 for the improvement of Cuyahoga River (H. Doc. No. 707, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). For the latest published map of Cleveland Harbor see page 3278 of Annual Report for 1915. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, appropriated $5,000 to enable the United States to cooperate with the city of Cleveland in the preparation of final plans for the improve- ment of the Cuyahoga River, with the provision that the Govern- ment's share in the cost of the improvement, in accordance with the final plans adopted, shall not exceed $400,000. Final plans have not been adopted. The project for widening the river above the New York Central Railroad bridge, adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896 (H. Doc. No. 326, 54th Cong., 1st sess.), requires that the city of Cleveland secure and turn over to the Government satisfactory title to the land required for the purpose. Such requirement may be effected under the above-mentioned final plans. A part of the east pier is maintained by the Cleveland & Pitts- burgh Railroad Co. under articles of agreement with the Secretary of War, dated February 17, 1877. Outside of the project the improvement and maintenance of the inner harbor, consisting of about 61 miles of the Cuyahoga River and "Old River," have been assumed by the city of Cleveland, the funds required for this work being taken from general and special tax levies. There has been expended to December 31, 1922, about $4,013,206. The river width is in general 200 feet, and a depth of about 20 feet below low-water datum is maintained by the city to within about 40 feet of the dock lines. A large but indeterminate sum has been expended by private interests in dredging outside of the channel maintained by the city. Terminal facilities.-Outer harbor: The city of Cleveland owns two wharves at the foot of East Ninth Street, one of which is leased to two passenger-vessel companies and a sand and gravel company, and the other is a free public wharf. The Pennsylvania Railroad Co. operates an extensive ore terminal west of the river entrance. East of the river there are three slips providing wharves for three coal-loading machines and for passenger and packet freight business and one wharf used for shipping automobiles, all of which are pri- vately owned and are opened to shippers of commodities for which the facilities are suited. One lumber wharf and the U. S. Engineer Department wharf are private. Inner harbor: The Cuyahoga River, together with the Old River and connecting slips, provide approximately 13 miles of wharves, about 50 per cent of which are used. One railroad company main- tains a coal terminal and one has an ore terminal. Three railroads have wharves for the transshipment of packet and miscellaneous freight. These facilities are open to all shippers. Four companies operating blast furnaces have private terminals for ore and limestone. Three docks are equipped with grain elevators, one of which is open to the public. There are extensive lumber wharves and considerable quantities of sand, gravel, crushed stone, and fish are handled over river docks by their private owners. The city of Cleveland owns public docks at several street ends. The facilities are considered adequate for the needs of existing commerce of Cleveland Harbor. 1538 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made the develop- ment of Cleveland Harbor possible, as in its natural condition it was entirely unsuited to the needs of navigation. Although not primarily intended for the purpose, Cleveland Harbor is extensively used as a harbor of refuge. Improved conditions on the Great Lakes, of which Cleveland Harbor is a part, have resulted in a very great reduction in water rates. Water rates on the bulk commodi- ties, iron ore and coal, which comprise about 88 per cent of Cleve- land's commerce, have been reduced. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No progress has been made in developing plans for straightening the Cuyahoga River in cooperation with the city of Cleveland. Maintenance dredging was done in the entrance channel between the piers and in the outer har- bor, December 8 to 20, 1922, by U. S. hopper dredge Burton; 34,657 cubic yards of sand and mud (bin measurement) were removed. Ex- penditures, including care and repair of dredging plant, were $16,673.84. Repairs to the rubble mound, east breakwater, were made by U. S. derrick boat No. 1 where settlement had taken place or stone had been dislodged by storms; 1,879.8 tons of new stone were placed and about an equal amount of old stone reset. Expenditures, $8,083.51. The base of light tower at east end of east breakwater was reinforced with 450 tons of stone. Expenditures, $1,404. The concrete-pile bulkhead at the engineer storehouse, East Ninth Street wharf, was extended 64 linear feet and old bulkhead repaired by U. S. derrick boat No. 1 and hired labor. Work of capping bulk- head was in progress at end of year. Expenditures, $745.09. Dredge Burton and other floating plant were repaired during the winter. Annual examination of harbor conditions was made in May-June, 1923. Expenditures, $694.76. Expenditures for harbor supervision, inspection boat, and contingencies were $12,718.17. Total expendi- tures were $40,319.37, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project, as far as definitely authorized by Congress, was 95 per cent completed. The river en- trance channel had been improved by the construction of parallel piers 325 feet apart and dredging to a depth of 23 feetiat low-water datum up to the New York Central Railroad bridge. The piers were completed in 1900 and the dredging in 1909. Above the New York Central Railroad bridge the work of widening the river had been delayed through inability on the part of the city of Cleveland to secure satisfactory title to the required land. The outer harbor, about 1,300 acres in extent, had been formed by the construction of an aggregate length of about 28,000 feet of breakwater, completed in 1915. The main entrance had been widened to 700 feet and protected by converging arms extending lakeward from the east and west breakwaters, completed in 1908. The outer harbor had been deep- ened, 1905-1909, to 23 feet at low-water datum throughout the west basin, in the entrance channel, and over a portion of the east basin adjacent to the entrance channel. Over the remaining portion of the east basin, as far east as East Ninth Street, a depth of 21 feet at low- water datum had generally been secured. A wharf was built at the foot of East Ninth Street in 1910 and a storehouse in 1915. A con- RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1539 crete base for light tower was constructed at east end of east break- water in 1917 in lieu of the east end pierhead. Piers and breakwaters were generally in good condition at the end of the fiscal year, except that portion of the timber-crib section of the east breakwater not yet rebuilt with a permanent superstructure. In this section (950 feet of sloping deck section and 750 feet adjacent to the main entrance) the timber superstructure is badly damaged. Repairs to part of the rubble-mound east breakwater have been begun and riprap protection along a portion of the west breakwater are needed. The timber superstructure of wharf at the foot of East Ninth Street is rapidly deteriorating and is in bad condition, and should be replaced with permanent superstructure. All work provided for by the project has been completed except deepening a portion of the east basin and, cooperatively, widening the mouth of the river and straightening and improving the channel of Cuyahoga River. At the end of the fiscal year the controlling depths in the main entrance channel, the west basin, and the east basin were 19 feet at low-water datum. The width vary: In the main entrance channel, 700 feet at the pierheads, narrowing to 260 feet at the outer ends of piers and 80 feet at the New York Central Railroad bridge draw; in the west basin, varying from 650 to 1,200 feet, and in the east basin from 650 to 1,600 feet. These are the portions most used by vessels. Depths elsewhere range from 10 to 25 feet. Expenditures under the existing project were $6,266,858.14, of which $5,183,264.66 was for new work and $1,083,593.48 was for maintenance since 1903, prior to which time the amounts expended for works of improvement and maintenance were so involved that it is impracticable to separate them. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended bal- ance, amounting to $94,554.90, as follows: New work : Development of plans in cooperation with city of Cleveland for straightening and improving Cuyahoga River- -- ___- $4, 800. 00 -___._ Maintenance : Annual examination, May, 1924---------------__- $555. 83 Redredging, including care and repair of dredging plant, U. S. hopper dredge Burton, November-De- cember, 1923, and April, 1924 4, 200. 00 1----------------- Completion of repair of rubble mound, east break- water, 2,750 tons stone, at $4; U. S. derrick boat No. 1, July-August, 1923------------------- 11,000. 00 Completion of riprap around light tower at east end of east breakwater, 150 tons of stone, at $4; U. S. derrick boat No. 1, July-August, 1923 _______--600. 00 Riprap protection of lake arm of west breakwater, 7,700 tons stone, at $4; August-September, 1923____ 30, 800. 00 Repair of East Ninth Street wharf with concrete, U. S. derrick boat No. J, September-October 1923------- ----------------------------- 25,000. 00 Placing capping on 52 linear feet of concrete-pile bulk- head at United States storehouse by hired labor, July, 1923----------------------------------- 373. 81 Harbor supervision, inspection boat, care and repair of floating plant and property------------- 7, 225. 26 89, 754.90 Total _ __--------------- - --------- 94, 554.90 S1540 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The expenditure of the new-work funds is depended upon the creation of a legal body by the city of Cleveland to cooperate in ' the development of plans. The maintenance funds will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1924. Redredging is required annually, and for this, with the other usual items of maintenance, funds should be provided for the fiscal year 1925, as follows: Annual examination ------------------------------------------ $600 Harbor supervision, inspection boat, care and repair of floating plant and property, and office expenses _----------------------------- 7, 400 Redredging, including care and repair of dredging plant, U. S. hopper dredge Burton -------------------------------------------- 22, 000 Share of cost of new steel hull for derrick boat No. 1 and 2 new steel- deck barges (contract) ------------------------------------ .20, 000 Total ------------------------------------------------ 50, 000 This amount exceeds the average annual cost of maintenance for the preceding five years, and exceeds the approved estimate for the annual cost of maintenance by $25,000, accounted for by item for new steel derrick hull and two new steel-deck barges, which are urgently needed to keep the breakwater repair plant at Cleveland in serviceable condition. Commercial statistics.-The principal receipts, in the order of their value, consisted of automobiles, iron ore, unclassified merchan- dise, textiles, limestone, lumber, sulphur, manufactured iron, va- rious metals, castings and machinery, wheat, cement, tobacco, and oats. The shipments consisted of automobiles, unclassified merchandise, soft coal, manufactured iron, castings and machinery, various metals, petroleum, sugar, and chemicals. Of the total freight traffic (short tons) in 1922, the percentages were as follows: Iron ore, 74; soft coal, 13; limestone, 7; sand and gravel, 2; and miscellaneous, 4 per cent. Of the total soft-coal shipments, those to Canadian ports com- prised 55 per cent. Vessels engaged in bulk-freight traffic have a draft of 19 to 21 feet. The remainder of the commerce of the port is handled by lighter-draft vessels. All commerce makes use of some portion of the improvement. Comparative statement. By lake. By lake. Passen- Passen- Calendar year. gers. Calendar year. . gers. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1918........... 15,895, 450 $166,971,258 406,183 1921. .......... 6,200,362 $90,733,355 461, 231 1919........... 12,335, 283 179, 236, 538 624,715 1922.......... 10,925,692 176,323, 325 492,454 1920........... 12, 463, 028 198,105,114 656,231 The net increase in freight traffic, both short tons and value, for the calendar year 1922 over that of 1921, is due to the increased receipts and shipments (both foreign and domestic) of iron ore, lumber, wheat, sand and gravel, textiles, print paper, limestone, cement, sulphur, automobiles, and merchandise, offset by decreased foreign shipments of soft coal. RIVERS AND" HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1541 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3,865.87: New work --------------------------------------- $6, 747, 418. 22 Maintenance -------- __---------------------------- 1, 083, 593. 48 Net total expended ------------------------------- 7, 831, 011. 70 Total appropriations to date of this report- _____-------7, 925, 566. 60 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work ........ $100.00................................ Expended for maintenance 1 10, 433.55 $31, 135.83 $36, 659.47 $12, 817.49 $40, 319.37 Total expended 1...........10,533.55 31, 135. 83 36,659.47 12,817.49 40,319.37 Appropriated or allotted......... .. .. .. ............. 4, 952. 55 5, 000. 00 20, 000. 00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ------------ $114, 669. 27 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923 ----------------------------------- 20,000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 -------- 205. 00 134, 874. 27 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year for main- tenance 1 _ _------------------------------------ -- 40, 319. 37 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ________________________ 94, 554. 90 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ___________________ 2, 986. 55 July 1, 1923, balance available_____________________________ 91, 568.%5 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for ccnpletion of existing project________________ ________- - - a 1, 650, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance --------------------------- 50, 000. 00 6. FAIRPORT HARBOR, OHIO. (A6.) Location and description.-FairportHarbor is located at the mouth of the Grand River, which empties into Lake Erie, 33 miles by water, easterly from Cleveland, Ohio. It comprises an outer harbor some 40 acres in area, 1,600 feet long with a maximum width of 1,800 feet and an average width of 1,100 feet, and the lower mile of Grand River, which is from 180 to 300 feet wide. The outer harbor will be increased to 65 acres when work under the existing project is com- pleted. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 3.) Original condition.-The natural channel in Grand River ex- tended about 2 miles above its mouth. It was 75 feet wide and 6 to 8 feet deep at low-water datum. The mouth of the river was, how- ever, entirely closed by a sand bar during the greater part of each year. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of Marc 3, 1825, and modified by the river and harbor act of May 20, 1826. The total amount expended thereunder prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1896 was $368,940.09 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1542 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. for new work and maintenance (not separable). For further details of this project see page 1963 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the construction of two rub- ble-mound breakwaters to form an outer harbor about 65 acres in area, the west breakwater to be 3,378 feet long and connected with the shore, and the east one 2,750 feet long, the pierheads at the outer end of each breakwater to be 600 feet apart; two parallel timber crib piers at the mouth of Grand River, about 793 feet long on the west side and 1,252 feet long on the east side, including the inner 674 feet which has not been maintained; and for dredging the outer harbor and the channel between the piers to a depth of 19 feet. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to a depth of 18.2 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. Ordi- nary fluctuations of water level are between 3 feet and 0.5 foot above low-water datum, and extreme fluctuations, produced by wind and other causes, are from 4 feet above to 0.5 foot below that plane. The estimated cost of new work, revised in 1920, is $1,252,577, ex- clusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1905, provided for the west break- water (Annual Reports for 1903, p. 2084, and 1905, p. 2349), and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the present dimensions of the east breakwater and the piers, and for the dredging (H. Doc. No. 206, 63d Cong., 1st sess.). For the latest published map see the last- mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. has ex- pended about $102,411, prior to January 1, 1923, in obtaining and maintaining a channel in the river with an available depth of 18 feet at low-water datum for about 1 mile above the limits of the Federal project. The Fairport, Painesville & Eastern Railroad Co. has extended this channel about 2,200 feet farther upstream to afford access to docks in connection with the Diamond Alkali Co., at a cost of ap- proximately $75,588 including maintenance to December 31, 1922. One large ore terminal, and one dock equipped with a warehouse for miscellaneous freight and elevator for handling grain do a general public business. One limestone dock and four fish docks are pri- vately owned. There are no publicly owned terminals. The facilities are regarded as adequate for the needs of existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made the commer- cial development of Fairport Harbor possible, as in its natural con- dition it was entirely unsuited to the needs of navigation. Improved conditions on the Great Lakes, of which the improvement of Fair- port Harbor is a part, have resulted in a very great reduction in water rates. The water rate on iron ore, a bulk commodity which comprises about 60 per cent of the total commerce of the harbor, has been reduced. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1543 Operations and results during fiscal year.-New Work.-Work of extending east breakwater 1,400 feet eastward by contract, was in progress at end of year. The core stone has been placed to the water surface over the 1,400 feet and about one-half the side slopes covered under water. A total of 25,202 tons of stone were placed. Expenditures, $55,755.60. Maintenance.-Dredging to widen the entrance channel through the outer harbor and removal of shoal outside the west breakwater pierhead, was done by the U. S. dredge Burton from June 21 to 28, 1923. 12,714 cubic yards (bin measurement) of sand were removed. Expenditures, including winter care and repair of dredging plant, were $3,280.73. Annual examination of channel condition was made in April, 1923. Expenditures, $390.58. Expenditures for har- bor supervision, inspection and contingencies were $1,004.51. Expenditures for the year were $60,431.42, of which $55,755.60 was for new work and $4,675.82 for maintenance. Condition'atend of fiscal year.-The project is 53 per cent com- pleted. The harbor had been improved by the construction of paralled piers 180 feet apart at the mouth of the Grand River, the aggregate length of portions now maintained being 2,296 .eet; by the construction of outer breakwaters with a total length of 4,728 feet, sheltering an area of about 65 acres; and by dredging the chan- nel between the piers and through the outer harbor to a depth of 18 feet at low-water datum, this depth, however, having been in- creased to about 20 feet by natural scour. The piers were com- pleted in 1904 and 4,728 feet of the breakwater in 1913. The ex- tension of east breakwater 1,400 feet parallel to shore is under construction. The project work remaining to be done is the com- pletion of the east breakwater extension, dredging in the outer harbor on both sides of. the entrance channel to 19 feet, and the removal of the outer 525 feet of the east pier and 400 feet of the west pier. The controlling depth in the channel was 20 feet at low-water datum. The outer ends of both piers and the timber superstructure of the timber portion, 830 feet long, of the west breakwater are badly decayed, but otherwise the harbor works are in good condition. Expenditures under the existing project were $853,531.56, of which $663,977.69 was for new work and $189,553.87 was for maintenance since 1903, prior to which time the amounts expended for works of improvement and for maintenance were so involved that it is im- practicable to separate them. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended balance, amounting to $171,803.43, as follows: New work: Extending east breakwater 1,400 feet parallel with shore under existing contract, July, 1923-August, 1924--------------- _ $159, 179. 76 Maintenance: Annual examination, April, 1924---__------------ $323. 03 Redredging, including care and repair of dredging plant, U. S. hopper dredge Burton, June, 1924__ 10, 086. 40 Harbor supervision, inspection boat and office expenses_ 2,214. 24 12, 623. 67 Total --- ------------------------------------- 171, 803. 43 The funds available will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1924. 1544 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The outer ends of the parallel piers at mouth of Grand River are badly decayed and should be removed to the extent authorized by the existing project, 400 feet of west pier and 525 feet of east pier, and the 223 linear feet of west pier remaining should have old timber superstructure replaced with concrete. The 830 feet of old timber superstructure on west breakwater is badly decayed and should be replaced by rubble mound. Redredging is required annually. These, with the other usual items of maintenance, during the fiscal year 1925, should be provided, as follows: Annual examination _-______-----_____ $400 Harbor supervision, inspection boat and office expenses___________-_ 1,300 Redredging, including care and repair of dredging plant, U. S. hopper dredge Burton -------------------------------------------- 4, 000 Share of cost of replacing old wooden hull of derrick boat No. 1, with steel, and for two steel barges_________________________ 10, 000 Replacing 830 linear feet of old timber superstructure of west break- water with rubblemound, 11,200 tons stone at $4; removing old super- structure at $15 per linear foot; engineering and contingenciesabout 10 per cent; by contract or Government derrick boat No. 1-------- 63, 000 Replacing 223 linear feet of old timber superstructure on west pier with concrete, 653 cubic yards concrete, 17J tons reinforcing steel; contract1----------------------------------------- ---- 5, 000 Removing 400 linear feet of west pier and 525 linear feet of east pier, at $30, plus 10 per cent for engineering and contingencies; contract_ 30, 500 Dredging back of piers and in basin to protect channel after piers are removed, 26,000 cubic yards at 40 cents; contract----------10, 400 Total _________------------------------------- 134, 600 This amount exceeds the amount spent for maintenance during the preceding five years and exceeds the approved estimate of the annual cost of maintenance by $122,000, accounted for by the items for re- moval of outer ends of piers, repair of west pier and west break- water, and share of cost of three new steel. barges, all of which are deemed necessary at this time. Commercial statistics.-The principal receipts in the order of their value consisted of iron ore, wheat, flour, rye, corn, limestone flux, fresh fish, and wood pulp. Exports consisted of corn and rye. There were no domestic shipments. Of the total freight traffic (short tons) the percentages were as follows: Iron ore, 59; limestone flux, 26; grain, 14; and miscellaneous 1 per cent. Vessels engaged in bulk-freight traffic have a draft of 19 to 21 feet. Comparative statement. By lake. By lake. Calendar year. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1918.. ................... 2,992,171$18,354,090 1921................. . 1,945,310 $14,612,698 1919................... .2,588, 354 14,936,079 1922..................... 1, 953,608 16, 796, 828 1920................. .. 1,963,501 12,878,298 No passenger statistics. The increase in freight traffic, both short tons and value, for the calendar year 1922 over that of 1921, is due to the imports of wheat and pulp wood from Canadian ports and export shipments of corn RIVERS AND HIARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1545 and rye to Montreal, Quebec, partially offset by the decreased do- mestic receipts of iron ore, grain,' and merchandise. There were no imports or exports in 1921. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $210.59: New work-------------------------------------------- $1, 032, 917! 78 IlIa.ntenance 89, 553. 87 1--------------------------- Net total expended _ ------------- 1, 222, 471. 65 Total appropriations to date of this report 394, 275. 08 1--------------------, Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1....... ........... ........ ............ $55,755.60 Expended for maintenance' ..... $4,992.14 $6, 672. 75 $4, 170. 63 $9,665.32 4,675. 82 Total expended 1.......... 4,992.14 6,672.75 4,170.63 9, 665.32 60,431.42 Appropriated or allotted......... 243, 500. 00 .............. ................ ....... 5,000. 00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended- ----------------------------- $227, 234. 85 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved March 2, 1923----------------------------------------5, 000. 00 232, 234. 85 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work__-------------------------------- $55,755.60 For maintenance ------------------------------- 4, 675. 82 60, 431. 42 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended 171, 803. 43 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities_ -- $4, 595. 99 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 152, 817. 49 157, 413. 48 July 1, 1923, balance available__ 14, 389. 95 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------------ - - 429, 500. 09 Amount that can be profitably expended n fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance----------------- - 134, 600. 00 7. ASHTABULA HARBOR, OHIO. (A7.) Location and description.-Ashtabula Harbor is located at the mouth of Ashtabula River, which flows into Lake Erie 59 miles by water easterly from Cleveland, Ohio. It comprises the lower 11 miles of the river, which is from 150 to 300 feet wide, and an outer harbor protected by breakwaters, which is some 175 acres in area, about 3,600 feet long and 2,100 feet wide. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 3.) Original condition.-In its natural condition the Ashtabula River was little suited to the requirements of navigation. A narrow chan- nel with an available depth of 4 feet below low-water datum ex- tended for about 2 miles above the mouth of the river, but the mouth itself was obstructed by a sand bar over which the depth was usually I Exclusive of available funds. 1546 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. but 2 feet, overlying shale rock which was encountered at a mini- mum depth of 5 feet below low-water datum. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of May 20, 1826, and was modified by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1829, July 3, 1832, March 2, 1867, June 10, 1872, March 3, 1881, and July 8, 1890. The total amount expended thereunder prior to beginning expenditures under the existing project, in 1897, was $565,192.27 for new work and maintenance (not separable). For further details of previous project see page 1963 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an outer harbor about 175 acres in area and 20 feet deep protected by breakwaters, the west breakwater to be 7,180 feet long and the east breakwater 4,500 feet long. The breakwaters, except about 430 feet of the west one, which is of timber-crib construction, are rubble-mound structures. The pierheads are stonefilled timber cribs with concrete superstructures. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to a depth of 19.2 feet on the Lake Survey chart of this locality. Ordi- nary fluctuations of water level are between 3 feet and 0.5 foot above low-water datum, and extreme fluctuations, produced by winds or other causes are from 4 feet above to zero, referred to that plane. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, is $1,933,529, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects. This latest 1910 approved estimate for maintenance is $5,000. Thy existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for the breakwaters (Annual Report for 1895, p. 3122); the act of March 3, 1905, pro- vided for extending the west breakwater shoreward (no printed re- port); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for enlarging the outer harbor by extending the west breakwater lakeward and shoreward and by constructing a new east breakwater, for pierheads, and for the removal of the outer 600 feet of the old east breakwater (H. Doc. No. 654, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for connecting the west breakwater with the shore and for dredging in the outer harbor (H. Doc. No. 997, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). For the latest published map see the latter document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The extension of the project adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, provides that dredging in the west basin north of the Pennsylvania Railroad Co.'s pier be delayed until the shore line is protected by a solid bulkhead. The Pennsyl- vania Railroad Co. and the Ashtabula Chamber of Commerce were notified in May, 1919, of the required cooperative work, but no progress has been made toward compliance, and it is not yet known when it will be done. The city of Ashtabula expended about $268,000 in widening and deepening the channel and constructing bulkheads for a distance of about one-half mile at the upper limit of the navi- gable portion of the river. This channel is 150 feet wide and 16 feet deep at low-water datum. The maintenance of the channel in the river below this portion has been carried on by railroads and other private interests, but it is impracticable to state the amount expended for this purpose. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1547 In 1902 and 1906 the Secretary of War, under authority of law, authorized the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. and the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway Co, (now the New York Central Rail- road Co.) to take possession of the west and east jetties, respectively. The railroad.companies subsequently removed both jetties and re- placed them with bulkheads so arranged as to increase the channel width to about 300 feet. The Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway Co., under authority of the Secretary of War, extended the old east breakwater along the dock front a distance of 1,200 feet. This improvement, which cost about $116,000, was intended pri- marily as a protection to the railroad docks, but was, nevertheless, beneficial to the general interests of navigation. Terminal facilities.-Extensive ore and coal terminals are owned by the New York Central Railroad Co. along the east side of the river and the slip 1,000 feet easterly thereof, and by the Pennsyl- vania Railroad Co. along the west side of the river. These comprise three ore and three coal docks, equipped with mechanical appliances and have an aggregate frontage of 10,465 feet. They are open for general public business. These railroads own additional dock front- age amounting to 9,600 feet, formerly used for unloading ore. Two terminals, one on each side of the river, 'provide facilities for car ferries which ply between Ashtabula and Port Burwell and Port Maitland, Oiitario, Canada. There are two privately owned fish docks and a large shipyard and dry dock. The city of Ashtabula owns 132 feet of dock on the east side of the river which can accom- modate small boats and is open to the public. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) The terminal facilities are regarded as adequate for the needs of existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made the commer- cial development of Ashtabula Harbor possible, as in its natural condition it was entirely unsuited to the needs of navigation. Im- proved conditions on the Great Lakes, of which the improvement of Ashtabula Harbor is a part, have resulted in a very great reduc- tion of water rates. Water rates on the bulk commodities, iron ore and coal, which comprise almost the entire commerce of the harbor, have been reduced. Operations and results during fiscal year-New work.-Under contract for extending the west breakwater 550 linear feet to shore, 2,989.9 tons of stone were placed, and 295 linear feet of breakwater was completed at end of year. Expenditures, $13,985.24. Maintenance.-Dredgingin the entrance channel to remove shoals along the sides was done by the U. S. hopper dredge Burton; 48,629 cubic yards, bin measurement, of sand and mud, were re- moved. Expenditures, including winter care and repair of dredging plant, $5,654. Annual examination of channel conditions was made in April, 1923. Expenditures, $337.62. Expenditures for harbor supervision, inspection, and contingencies were $525.04 for main- tenance. Total expenditures were $20.501.90, of which $13,985.24 was for new work and $6,516.66 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 86 per cent com- pleted. Under the existing project as first adopted, a west break- water 3,380 feet long and an east breakwater 1,200 feet long were 1548 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, ,1923. built, affording an outer harbor of limited area. Under the provi- sions of the .river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, the west break- water was extended shoreward and lakeward to an aggregate length of 6,600 feet; a new outer east breakwater 4,500 feet long was built; the east and west breakwaters were terminated with pier- heads at their outer ends; and the outer 600 feet of the old east breakwater was removed. The breakwater and pierheads were com- pleted in 1915. The extension of west breakwater to shore, pro- vided by river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, is under construction, a length of 295 feet being completed. The work remaining to be done is to complete the west break- water extension to shore and to deepen a portion of the outer harbor to 20 feet. At the end of the fiscal year the harbor works were in good condition except the outer end of west breakwater close to the pierhead, where settlement has occurred, and the timber section of the west break- water, 432 feet long, the superstructure of which has decayed to such an extent that it should be rebuilt. The controlling depth in the channel through the outer harbor is 20 feet at low water datum and 19 feet in the river. Expenditures under the existing project were $1,762,900.97, of which $1,668,466.86 was for new work and $94,434.11 for main- tenance since 1903, prior to which time the amounts expended for new work and for maintenance were so involved that it is im- practicable to separate them. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the funds avail- able, amounting to $68,981.07, as follows: New work : Extending west breakwater to shore under existing contract, July-August, 1923-------------------_ $10, 867. 26 Dredging in outer harbor by contract, in accord- ance with the adopted project------------------ 21, 500. 00 $32, 367. 26 Maintenance : Annual examination, April, 1924 and 1925 -------- 800. 00 Redredging, including care and repair of dredging plant, U. S. hopper dredge Burton, May, 1924_-.. 3, 500. 00 Share of cost of replacing old wooden hull of der- rick boat No. 1 with steel hull and of two new steel deck barges, contract-------------------- 12, 000. 00 Replacement of 432 linear feet of old timber superstructure on west breakwater with stone; 3,000 tons at $4 per ton; removing old super- structure at $12 per foot; engineering and con- tingencies, $1,316; contract or U. S. derrick boat No. 1------ --------------------- 18, 500. 00 Harbor supervision, inspection boat and office ex- penses------------------------------------ ---- 1, 813. 81 36, 613. 81 Total-------------------------------------------------- 68, 981. 07 The available funds are sufficient to provide for the above work, which is all that appears to be necessary prior to June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-The principal receipts in the order of their value consisted of iron ore, merchandise, paper, fresh fish, lumber, and wood pulp. The shipments consisted of soft coal, iron and steel, and merchandise. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1549 Of the total freight traffic, short tons (car ferries included) for 1922, the percentages were as follows. Iron ore, 70; soft coal, 29; and miscellaneous, 1 per cent. Practically the entire commerce of the port is the transshipment of iron ore and soft coal in vessels with a draft of 19 to 21 feet. Car ferries ply between Ashtabula Harbor and Port Burwell and Port Maitland, Ontario, Canada. All commerce make use of the improvement. No new lines of trans- portation were established, nor were any of the old lines abandoned during the year. Comparative statement. By lake. By car ferries. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1918................... ....................... 16, 993,677 $90,129 120 (1) (1) 1919. ................. ................ 13, 236, 516 63, 813, 707 631,414 $8, 854, 013 1920........................... ............... 16, 313, 708 103,135, 960 806 630 22,068, 040 1921 ................................. ....... 5, 794,137 • 28, 827, 889 602,530 8, 389, 005 1922 ........................................... 11,991,667 62,782,396 402,180 10,566,197 1 No statistics available. No passenger statistics available. The increase in freight traffic, both short tons and value, for the calendar year 1922 over that of 1921 is due to the increased receipts of iron ore, merchandise, paper, lumber, and wood pulp, and in- creased shipments of iron and steel and merchandise, partially offset by the decreased receipts of fresh fish and soft coal. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3,570.36: New work --------------------------------------- $2, 237, 659. 13 Maintenance------ --------------- 90, 434. 11 Net total expended- ------------------------------- 2, 328, 093. 24 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------2, 397, 074. 31 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1 $87.46 ......................... $13,985.24 Expended for maintenance 1 . $3, 973.89 6, 546.56 $2,044.03 $2,997.15 6, 516. 66 Total expended 1....... 3,973. 89 6, 634.02 2, 044.03 2, 997.15 20, 501.90 Appropriated or allotted......... 83, 000. 00 .. INot deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-------------------- $89, 482. 97 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work----------------------------- $13, 985. 24 For maintenance --------------- , 516. 66 6------------ 20, 501. 90 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ---------------------------- 68, 981. 07 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts ----------- 8, 081. 60 July 1, 1923, balance available-----------------------------60, 899. 47 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-------- -------------------- 233, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1550 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 8. CONNEAUT HARBOR, OHIO. (A8.) Location and description.-Conneaut Harbor is located at the mouth of Conneaut River, which flows into Lake Erie 73 miles by water easterly from Cleveland, Ohio. It comprises the lower 3,000 feet of Conneaut River, which is from 200 to 400 feet wide, and an outer harbor some 200 acres in area formed by breakwaters. The outer harbor is about 4,000 feet long and 2,000 feet wide. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 3.) Original condition.-Conneaut River was but little suited to the requirements of navigation. A channel about 13 feet deep below low- water datum and 75 feet wide extended for about one-half mile above the mouth of the river, but the mouth itself was obstructed by a sand bar over which the depth was usually about 2 feet. Previous projects.-These were adopted by the river and harbor acts of March 2, 1829, July 13, 1892, February 24, 1893, and March 24, 1896. The total amount expended thereunder prior to the adop- tion of the existing project, in 1910, was $845,055.69, of which $805,271.72 was for new work and $39,783.97 was for maintenance after 1903, prior to which time the amounts expended for works of improvement and for maintenance were so involved that it is im- practicable to separate them. For further details of previous proj- ects see page 1964 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for the construction of two con- verging breakwaters to form an outer harbor about 200 acres in extent, the west breakwater, of rubble-mound construction, to be 4,700 feet long and the east one 2,750 feet long (1,700 feet of rubble mound and 1,050 feet of timber crib with concrete superstructure), the pierheads at the outer end of each breakwater to be 600 feet apart; two parallel timber and concrete piers about 1,073 and 1,467 feet long on the west and east sides, respectively, of the mouth of Conneaut River; removing the old west breakwater; and dredging the outer harbor and between the piers to the inner end of the east pier to a depth of 20 feet. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, which is taken at 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to a depth of 19.2 feet on the Lake Survey chart of the locality. Ordinary fluctuations of water level are between 3 feet and 0.5 foot above low-water datum, and extreme fluctuations, produced by wind and other causes, are from 4 feet above to zero, referred to that plane. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1918, is $1,084,400, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1916) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the breakwaters and pierheads and the removal of a portion of the old west break- water (H. Doc. No. 653, 61st Cong., 1st sess.) ; and the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the present alignment of the west breakwater, for remoting all the old west breakwater, and for dredging to 20 feet (H. Doc. No. 983, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). For the last published map see the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1551 Terminal facilities.-The railroad and dock companies have ob- tained and maintained a channel in Conneaut River 19 feet deep at low-water datum from the upper limit of the Federal project to a point about 3,000 feet above the outer ends of the piers, at a cost of about $284,288, prior to January 1, 1923. The Pittsburgh & Con- neaut Dock Co., a subsidiary of the United States Steel Corporation, owns about 6,000 feet of improved frontage. The docks are equipped with mechanical appliances for handling iron ore and coal, and facilities are open to shippers of these commodities. One terminal handles loaded cars only for a car-ferry line which plies between Conneaut Harbor and Port Stanley and Rondeau, Ontario, Canada. There is no publicly owned dock at the harbor. The privately owned terminals are regarded as adequate for the needs of existing com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made the commer- cial development of Conneaut Harbor possible, as in its natural con- dition it was entirely unsuited to the needs of navigation. Improved conditions on the Great Lakes, of which the improvement of Con- neaut Harbor is a part, have resulted in a very great reduction of water rates. Water rates on the bulk commodities, iron ore and coal, which comprise almost the entire commerce of the harbor, have been reduced. Operations and results during fiscal year.-New work.-The east breakwater extension was completed in June, 1923, by U. S. derrick boat No. 1 and hired labor; 8,344 tons of stone were placed, com- pleting 350 linear feet of breakwater. Expenditures, $21,891.96. Maintenance.-Maintenacedredging to widen the channel through the outer harbor was done in May and June, 1923, by U. S. hopper dredge Burton; 19,161 cubic yards of fine sand (bin measurement) were removed. Expenditures, including care and repair of dredging plant, $3,080.99. U. S. derrick boat No. 1 and hired labor renewed 358 linear feet of timber waling on the concrete superstructure of east pier. Work was in progress at end of fiscal year. Expenditures, $930.40. Annual examination of channel conditions was made in April, 1923. Expenditures for harbor supervision, inspection, and contingencies were $1,204.13. Expenditures were $27,107.48, of which $21,891.96 was for new work and $5,215.52 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was 91 per cent com- pleted. Under the existing project a length of 4,445 feet of the new west breakwater was completed in 1916; the old east breakwater, 1,050 feet long, has been extended shoreward 800 feet (completed 1911) and lakeward 900 feet (completed 1923), total length 2,750 feet; 642 feet of the old west breakwater was removed in 1916; a por- tion of the outer harbor was dredged to 19 feet, low-water datum, and the entrance channel through the outer harbor and between the piers was dredged to 20 feet for a minimum width of 176 feet, completed in 1919. The harbor structures were in good condition at the end of the year. The controlling depth in channel through outer harbor and between the piers was 20 feet at low-water datum. The southerly 61637-ENG 1923--98 1552 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. portion of the outer basin has not been fully maintained. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is the construction of 255 linear feet, shoreward extension of west breakwater; removal of remaining 600 linear feet of old west breakwater and dredging to ob- tain 20 feet over remainder of outer basin. Expenditures under the existing project were $1,046,699.71, of which $983,897.73 was for new work and $62,801.97 was for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended balance, amounting to $28,110.19, as follows: New work : For liabilities incurred in completing east breakwater exten- sion--- ------ ---------------------------------- $8, 410. 99 Maintenance: Annual examination, 1924__ _______________ __ $230. 67 Redredging, including care and repair of dredging plant, U. S. hopper dredge Burton, June, 1924-... 13, 383. 38 Replacing waling strips on east pier, U. S. derrick boat No. 1, July, 1923----------------------------1,997. 75 Harbor supervision, inspection boat and office ex- penses------------------------------------- 4, 087. 40 19, 699. 20 Total --------------------------------------------- 28, 110. 19 The funds available will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1924. The ,removal of old inner breakwater is advisable, and should be provided for. Redredging is required at frequent intervals and this, with the other items of maintenance, should be provided for the fiscal year 1925, as follows: New work : Removing 600 linear feet of old inner breakwater at $45 per foot, .____ plus about 10 per cent for engineering and contingencies__ $30, 000 Maintenance: Annual examinations___________ __ _______________ $400 Harbor supervision, inspection boat and office expenses___ 1, 000 Redredging, including care and repair of dredging plant, U. S. hopper dredge Burton________________________ 3, 600 Share of cost of replacing old wooden hull of derrick boat No. 1 with steel hull and for two new steel deck barges, contract__________------------------------------ 12, 000 17, 000 Total ------ ---------------------------------------- 47, 000 The amount required for maintenance exceeds the average annual cost of maintenance for the last 5 years and exceeds the approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance by $7,000, accounted for by the item for new steel derrick boat hull and two new steel deck barges, which are urgently needed for minor breakwater repair work in the district. Commercial statistics.-The receipts in the order of their value, consisted of iron ore and limestone flux. The shipments, both foreign and domestic, consisted of soft coal, manufactured iron and steel and merchandise. Of the total freight traffic, short tons (car ferries included) for 1922, the percentages were as follows: Iron ore, 78; soft coal, 21; and miscellaneous, 1 per cent. Practically the entire commerce of the port is the transshipment of iron ore and soft coal, in vessels with a draft of.19 to 21 feet. Car ferries ply between Conneaut Harbor RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1553 and Port Stanley and Rondeau, Ontario, Canada. All commerce makes use of the improvements. No new lines of transportation were established nor were any of the old lines abandoned during the year. Comparative statement. By lake. By car ferries. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1918........................................... 10, 835,424 $54,344,152 (1) (1) 1919..... .... ............................. 10 047 535 52,597,030 (1) (1) 1920............................................ 166996 58,148,807 518,897 $10 443,654 1921 ................. .................. 7 463,728 37, 641, 294 343,176 3 058, 959 1922.............. ............... ............ 9,109,643 46,073,537 242,532 3,068,450 1 No statistics available. No passenger statistics available. The increase in freight traffic, both short tons and value, for the calendar year 1922 over that of 1921, is due to increased domestic receipts or iron ore and limestone flux, and shipments, both foreign and domestic, of soft coal, partially offset by decreased shipments, both foreign and domestic, via car ferry, of soft coal, manufactured iron and steel and merchandise. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3,967.87: New work__ ------------------------------- ---- $1, 789, 169. 46 Maintenance _____ ----- _______ 02, 585. 94 1_______--- Net total expended -------------------------------- 1, 891, 755. 40 Total appropriations to date of this report 919, 865. 59 1-------------------, Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ $924.52 $9, 860.80 $143.67 $13, 539. 69 $21, 891.96 Expended for maintenance 1..... 1, 089. 68 4, 677 30. 4, 462. 78 6,732.66 5, 215. 52 Total expended 1.......... 2,014.20 14, 538.10 4, 606.45 20, 272.35 27,107.48 Appropriated or alloted..... ........... ................ 10,000.00 10,000.00 28,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------------- $27, 217. 67 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923 ---------------------------------------- 28, 000. 00 55, 217. 67 June 30, 1923, amount exepnded during fiscal year: For new work______________ ___-___________ $21.891.96 For maintenance---------------------------------5, 215. 52 27, 107. 48 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended 28, 110. 19 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-------------------------------2, 895. 54 July 1, 1923, balance available ------------- 25, 214. 65 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project----------------92, 000. 00 AExclusive of available funds. 1554 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 : For new work- ___ ------ $30, 000. 00 For maintenance ------------------------------------ 17, 000. 00 Total -------------------------------------------- 47, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $33,949.47: New work_---_ ------------------- ----------------- $14, 934, 397. 52 Maintenance ----------------------------------- , 882, 220. 60 1--- Net total expended------- --------------------- 16, 816, 618. 12 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------17, 382, 072. 24 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 9........ $36, 529.64 $24, 204.49 $68, 146. 23 $97, 589.52 $109, 589.03 Expended for maintenance ..... 34,482.51 68, 810. 87 64.028.57 48, 264.24 93, 207.90 Total expended 2.......... 71,012. 15 93,015.36 132,174.80 145, 853.76 202, 796.93 Appropriated or allotted......... 592,000.00 3,000.00 17, 952.55 109,000.00 88, 000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---------------------------$665, 046. 05 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923 ------------------------------------ 88, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922-------------------------- 15, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923------------------ 205. 00 768, 251. 05 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: 2 For new work_ ------------------ $109,589. 03 For maintenance---------------------------93, 207. 90 202, 796. 93 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------------------------- 565, 454. 12 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities---------------- $11, 039. 28 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts -------------------------------- 236, 443. 98 247, 483. 26 July 1, 1923, balance available----------------------------- 317, 970. 86 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 : For new work -------------------------------------- 130, 000. 00 For maintenance - - ----------------------------- 355, 100. 00 1 Total- ------------- -------------------------- 485, 100. 00 ERIE HARBOR, PA., DUNKIRK AND BUFFALO HABORS, BLACK ROCK CHANNEL AND TONAWANDA HARBOR AND NIAGARA RIVER, N. Y. (GROUP B.) 9. HARBOR AT ERIE, PA. (B1.) Location and description.-ErieHarbor is located in Presque Isle Bay, formed by Presque Isle Peninsula, on the south shore of Lake I Exclusive of available funds. SNot deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1555 Erie, 78 miles by lake westerly from Buffalo Harbor,'N. Y., and 102 miles by lake easterly from Cleveland Harbor, Ohio. The bay is 4J miles long from east to west and 1 to 1 miles wide from north to south. The harbor basin is 2 miles long, one-half to 1l miles wide, and 18 to 24 feet deep. (See U. S. Lake Survey charts Nos. 3 and 332.) Original condition.-The harbor was nearly landlocked, the only entrance being at the eastern end through a channel which was nar- row, tortuous, and variable in position, with a depth of about 6 feet. Previuos projects.-The original project for improvement was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 26, 1824, and modifi- cations were subsequently made by approval of the report of a board of enginers in 1855; by approval of the report of the district officer in 1865; by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1867; by approval of the report of a board of engineers in 1870; and by the river and harbor acts of August 5, 1886, and September 19 1890. The amount expended under these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1899 was $841,867.43, of which amount $736,967.04 was for new work and $104,900.39 for maintenance since 1887. For fur- ther details of previous projects, see page 1965 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an entrance channel 20 feet deep and 300 feet wide, about 9,000 feet long from lake to harbor basin, passing between piers 360 to 450 feet apart, of the timber crib type, with concrete superstructure, extending to the 16-foot contour in the lake, the north pier to have a length of about 3,248 feet, and the south pier about 2,215 feet, further extensions lakeward when required to meet advance of said contour; for a timber crib breakwater 2,000 feet long, with about 1,200 linear feet of stone superstructure, extending from the inner end of the south pier to the mainland, thus closing the balance of the opening at the eastern end of the harbori; for deepening the harbor basin over certain areas at the east and west ends to 20 feet, and the basin off the public dock to 18 feet. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, elevation 570.8 feet above mean tide at New York City, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. These depths correspond to depth 19.2 and 17.2 feet on the Lake Survey chart, Erie Harbor and Presque Isle, Pa., index 332. Ordinary fluctuations of water level are from 3 feet above to low-water datum, and extreme fluctuations, produced by wind and other causes, are from 5.9 feet above to 2.7 feet below that plane. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1910, is $452,625, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of May 26, 1824, provided for the construc- tion of the breakwater and piers and dredging of the entrance chan- nel and for brushwood protection of the beach of Presque Isle Penin- sula (document or report not known) ; the acts of 1826 to 1852 infer- entially provided for breakwater and pier extensions and repairs, dredging channel, and closing a breach which occurred in the neck of Presque Isle Peninsula in 1833 (documents or reports not known, except H. Doc. No. 128, 24th Cong., 1st sess.; S. Doc. No. 1, 24th 1556 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Cong., 1st sess.; and S. Doc. No. 42, 35th Cong., 1st sess.; and An- nual Report for 1880, pp. 2172-2179) ; the acts of 1864 to 1896 infer- entially provided for further pier extensions, increased channel dimensions, and protection of the neck and lake shore of the penin- sula by brush and stone revetments, pile and timber bulkheads, and tree planting (Annual Report for 1866, pp. 20, 21; for 1867, pp. 139, 179-183, 254; for 1868, pp. 163-164, 183-185; for 1870, p. 181; for 1871, pp. 48, 208; for 1875, pp. 57, 316; for 1876, II, pp. 564-566; for 1877, p. 969; for 1879, pp. 1708, 1713; and for 1890, pp. 2796, 2797) ; the act of March 3, 1899, provided for the deepening of chan- nel and harbor basin to present dimensions and for concrete super- structures and extensions of piers, and for plant growth and emer- gency protection work on the peninsula (H. Doc. No. 70, 55th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1897, p. 3237), as modified by act of June 25, 1910 (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 26, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of November 28, 1922 (Public No. 366) reconveyed Presque Isle Peninsula to the State of Pennsylvania for park pur- poses. The latest published maps are in the Annual Report for 1911, page 2510, and Lake Survey chart No. 332. Recommended modifications of project.-Under date of September 26, 1921, the Chief of Engineers recommended to Congress the further improvement of Erie Harbor, Pa., to the extent of dredging a certain portion of the harbor to a "depth of 20 feet at an estimated cost of $66,000 and $2,000 annually for maintenance. (See H. Doc. No. 112, 67th Cong., 1st sess.) Local cooperation.-None required by law. The following work has been done for the benefit of the public with funds supplied by other sources than Congress: In 1824, $10,000 was expended by the State of Pennsylvania in the partial construction of the breakwater south of the entrance channel. Terminal facilities.-The developed water front has a length of about 2 miles, extending from the foot of Parade Street at the east end to foot of Cascade Street at the west end. Two groups of terminals have been established along this harbor frontage and within the United States harbor line, which is located about 1,800 feet beyond the shore line. The westerly group of terminals con- sists of three piers, one for the shipment of soft coal, a car dumper being used for the transfer of coal to vessels. The other two ter- minals are for the receipt and transfer of iron ore. One of these is equipped with Brown hoists, the other has no equipment, and has not been used for a number of years, but holds a large amount of iron ore for storage. In addition there is a soft-coal fuel wharf between the shore ends of the ore docks. This is for fueling small excursion steamers, fish and other tugs. The easterly group of terminals consists of the following: One dock for the shipment of hard and soft coal, which is loaded by a car dumper. Pulp wood is also received and unloaded at this coal dock. Adjoining the coal dock on the east is an ore dock for the receipt and transfer of iron ore, one Hulett and one Meade-Morrison unloader being used. West of the coal dock is the large freight house operated by the Great Lakes Transit Corporation for the receipt of flour and receipt and shipment of package freight. At the foot of RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1557 Holland Street is the Pennsylvania Elevator, which has a storage capacity of 1,156,400 bushels of grain. In addition there are two sand and gravel wharves, eight fish wharves, and the so-called Watson dock, used for miscellaneous purposes. With the exception of the minor ones, the terminals are connected, owned, or controlled by the Pennsylvania Railroad and associated lines, and opened to all chartered water carriers on equal terms. There is also one public dock of the city of Erie (extension of State Street), constructed by the State of Pennsylvania in 1908-9 at a cost of $150,000. It has no railroad connection. It is used both as a passenger and a freight terminal, lumber being the largest item of freight received. It is open to use by all water carriers on equal terms under a city ordinance. The State of Pennsylvania con- trols the inner canal basins lying on the east and west sides of State Street. The major terminals in these inner canal basins are fish wharves. The facilities are considered adequate for existing com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made the develop- ment of water-borne commerce possible, as in its natural condition the depth in the entrance channel was only about 6 feet, and t'he deepening of this channel and parts of the harbor basin commen- surate with the connecting channels of the Great Lakes has enabled the largest bulk freighters of 20 feet draft to make use of the harbor freely and safely, including anchorage, with resultant material reduction in water-borne freight rates, notably for the bulk com- modities, iron ore, grain, and coal, which represent about 85 per cent of the harbor traffic. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging by U. S. hopper dredge Burton was done in August, 1922, and May- June, 1923, in the outer and inner channels over a distance of about 3,500 feet and in the eastern part of the harbor basin, to restore project depth; 94,286 cubic yards (bin measurement) of sand were removed. Expenditures, including care and repair of dredging plant, $12,588.51. The riprap stone wall at Neck of Presque Isle Peninsula was reinforced and extended 1,160 feet by contract in 1922; 4,811 tons of stone were placed at an expenditure of $28,234.31 for maintenance. Examination of channels and basin by sounding was made in May- June, 1923. Expenditures, $192.93. Expenditures for harbor super- vision, inspection, and contingencies were $1,574.88. Total expenditure during the fiscal year was $42,590.63, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is com- pleted except the further extension of piers provided for con- ditionally without estimate. The Presque Isle Peninsula has been reconveyed to the State of Pennsylvania for park purposes and its protection is no longer considered a part of the project. The dredging was completed in 1911 and the breakwater and piers in 1915. There is now a harbor basin with a depth of 16 to 20 feet with an entrance channel at its easterly end 300 feet wide 1558 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. and 20 feet deep at low-water datum, protected by the two piers and breakwater. The work remaining to complete the project is the further extension of piers as required. The harbor structures are in good condition. There is a controlling depth of 20 feet at low-water datum in the outer and inner channels; 19.8 feet in the harbor basin leading to the docks at the easterly end; 19 feet to coal and ore docks at westerly end, and 16 feet to the public dock, foot of State Street. The total expenditures under the existing project were $1,077,- 241.66, of which $244,380.01 was for new work and $832,861.65 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended balance, amounting to $9,667.47, as follows: Annual examination, May, 1924------------------------------- $407. 07 Redredging, including care and repair of dredging plant, U. S. hopper dredge Burton, July, 1923, May, 1924__________------------------- 7, 072. 94 Harbor supervision, inspection boat, minor repairs to structures and office expenses ----- ---------------------------------- 2, 187. 46 Total------------------------------------------- 9, 667. 47 The available ,funds will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1924. Redredging is iequired annually, and for this and other mainte- nance operations funds should be provided for the fiscal year 1925, as follows: Annual examinations_______________________-- $400 Harbor supervision, inspection boat, minor repairs to structures and office expenses_---------------_ 1, 600 Redredging, including care and repair of dredging plant, U. S. hopper dredge Burton 6, 000 6------_________ Share of cost of replacing old wooden hull of derrick boat No. 3 with new steel hull and for one new steel deck barge, contract---------- 12, 000 Total -------------------------------------------- 20, 000 This amount exceeds the approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance by $10,000, accounted for by the item for new derrick hull and new steel deck barge of $12,000, which are urgently needed to maintain the pier and breakwater repair plant in the district. Commercial statistics.-The principal receipts in the order of their value consisted of wheat, iron ore, rye, feed, pulpwood, copper, oats, corn, merchandise, and sand and gravel. The shipments consisted of merchandise, hard coal, sugar and soft coal. Of the total freight traffic, short tons, for 1922, the percentages were as follows: Iron ore, 34; wheat, 19; hard coal, 9; soft coal, 9; sand and gravel, 6; pulpwood, 6; miscellaneous, 5; flour, 4; rye, 3; feed, 2; oats, 2; and corn, 1 per cent. Of the total hard and soft coal shipments, those to Canadian ports comprised hard coal 7 per cent and soft coal 76 per cent. The different classes of freight are carried in vessels of the drafts as follows: Hard and soft coal, via Welland Canal, 14 feet; hard coal to westerly lake ports, 20 feet; iron ore, 18 to 20 feet; pulpwood, 18 feet; lumber, 15 feet; package freight and grain, 15 to 19 feet. All commerce makes use of the improvement. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1559 Comparative statement. By lake. By lake. Calendar o t V Passengers. Calendar o t Passengers. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1918........... 4,380, 516 856,696,518 (1) 1921.......... 2,325,067 $27, 479,218 12,375 1919........... 3,197,794 42,063, 206 11, 181 1922.......... 2, 212, 348 50,168,903 27, 041 1920.......... 4, 252, 100 55, 041, 418 12, 051 1 No statistics available. The decrease in freight traffic, short tons, of the calendar year 1922, under that of 1921, is due to the decreased shipment, both foreign and domestic, of hard and soft coal. The increase in value for the same period is due to increased receipts of wheat, flour, iron ore, rye, copper, oats, feed, -pulpwood, wool, lumber, and limestone flux. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $4,570,91: New work __----------------------------------------- $981, 347.05 Maintenance---------------------------------------- 937, 762. 04 Net total expended------------------------------- 1, 919, 109. 09 Total appropriations to date of this report , 928, 776. 56 1------------------- Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.. .... ............ ...... ... ...... Expended for maintenance 1.... $2, 884.08 $5,316.60 $210, 172.65 $110, 864.70 $42, 590.63 Appropriated or alloted.......... 200,000.00 53, 620.00 75,000.00 42,000.00 10,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended- -------------------------- $42, 258. 10 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923--------------- 000. 00 1------------------------- 52, 258.'10 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance- 42, 590. 63 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------------------------- 9, 667. 47 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities--------------------------1, 107. 49 July 1, 1923, balance available ------------------------------ 8, 559. 98 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance-- ---------------------------- 20, 000. 00 10. HARBOR AT DUNKIRK, N. Y. (B2.) Location and description.-Dunkirk Harbor is located on the south shore of Lake Erie, 37 miles by water southwesterly from Buffalo Harbor, N. Y., and 44 miles by water northeasterly from Erie Harbor, Pa. It lies in an indentation of the south shore of Lake Erie, between Point Gratiot on the west and Battery Point on 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1560 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. the east. The distance between these points is 9,600 feet and the maximum breadth of the indentation is 3,600 feet. The harbor basin is 2,400 feet long from east to west and 1,000 feet wide (See U. S. Lake Survey charts Nos. 3 and 318.) Original condition.-This harbor was merely an indentation in the shore, was exposed to lake storms, had a depth of about 10 feet, and was not available for commerce. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1827, and was modified by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1867, by approval November 30, 1870, of the report of a board of engineers, and by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896. The amount expended under these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1910 was $987,770.25, of which $811,249.94 was for new work and $176, 5 20.31 for maintenance since 1887. For further details of previous projects see page 1966 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an entrance channel 350 feet wide at the lake end, narrowing to 200 feet at the breakwater and widening to 400 feet at the basin end, entering between a pier and a breakwater of the timber-crib type, the pier on the west side to extend from the shore for a length of about 1,410 feet and the break- water on the east side to be a detached structure 2,800 feet long; for a harbor basin 2,400 feet long and 1,000 feet wide; channel and basin to be of a depth suitable for vessels of 16 feet draft. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, elevation 570.8 feet above mean tide level at New York City, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to a depth of 15.2 feet on the Lake Survey chart, Dunkirk Harbor, N. Y., index No. 318. Ordinary fluctuations of water level are from 3 feet above to low-water datum, and extreme fluctuations produced by wind and other causes are from 6 feet above to 3 feet below that plane. The estimated cost for new work, revised in 1910, is $99,275, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) action on estimate for annual cost of maintenance is that none be determined until actual use of the harbor by freight ves- sels is resumed. This had not been done to the date of this report. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1827, provided for beginning con- struction of the pier and the acts of 1828 to 1852 inferentially pro- vided for continuing it to completion (documents or reports not known, except S. Doc. No. 42, 35th' Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Re- port for 1866, Pt. IV, p. 155) ; the act of March 2, 1867, inferentially provided for construction of the breakwater and excavating the entrance channel to 13 feet (report of board of engineers approved Nov. 30, 1870); the act of June 3, 1896, provided for the entrance channel and harbor basin of a depth suitable for vessels of 16 feet draft (H. Doc. No. 63, 54th Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the removal of the rock reef bordering the inner entrance channel (H. Doc. No. 720, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published maps are in Annual Report for 1903, page 2124, House Document No. 720, Sixty-first Congress, second session, and Lake Survey chart No. 318. RIVERS AND HIARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1561 Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, made the further improvement of the harbor authorized by this act contingent upon the construction by the local authorities of a suit- able concrete dock or the provision of such other terminal facilities as might be approved by the Secretary of War. Plans for a terminal at the foot of Central Avenue were submitted by the city authorities and approved by the Secretary of War on April 10, 1915, and its construction was commenced during the latter part of the fiscal year 1915.. The conditions imposed by the river and harbor act referred to above having been fulfilled, the Secretary of War on April 6, 1916, authorized the expenditure of the funds appropriated for this harbor. Terminal facilities.-There are three wharves in this harbor. Two are too dilapidated for commercial purposes but are used as landing places for fish tugs engaged in the fishing industry in Lake Erie off Dunkirk; on them are built a number of fish houses and fish-net reels. The third wharf or public dock, at the foot of Central Avenue, owned by the city of Dunkirk, is a new timber-concrete earth-filled structure designed for commercial use by large lake vessels. A rail- road track connects it with the Erie Railroad, and this in turn with the New York Central Railroad. No freight-handling machinery has been installed on the wharf. It is open to all on equal terms of rental. The facilities are considered adequate for the small existing com- merce or any probable increase. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement. This harbor has practically no commerce and the only benefit at the present time resulting from its improve- ment is to fish tugs which use the harbor. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Soundings were taken along breakwater in October, 1922, where repairs are proposed. Total expenditures during the year for share of cost of three new steel dump scows for dredge Sodus ($3,000), harbor supervision, sounding and contingencies were $3,555.27, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1918. The structures are of the timber crib type, 1,052.5 linear feet of the west pier and 310 linear feet of the breakwater being provided with concrete superstructure. These lengths are in good condition, except a section of the concrete apron, on the lake side of the pier, which has broken off and moved out of its original position. The timber superstructure on the remainder of the breakwater is badly decayed and has been seriously wrecked by storms. A bar has formed across the outer entrance channel with a con- trolling depth of 13 feet below low-water datum, 350 feet lakeward from the pierhead light (west pier). The inner entrance channel has project depth of 16 feet below low-water datum between the west pier and harbor basin. The controlling depth to the Central Avenue wharf is 12 feet and in the harbor basin east of this wharf varies from 7 to 12 feet at low-water datum. The total amount expended on the existing project to end of fiscal year was $132,844.49, of which $56,174.10 was for new work and $76,670.39 for maintenance. 1562 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended balance, amounting to $46,763.20, as follows: Annual examination, June, 1924 ----------------------------- $342. 16 Repairing and rebuilding superstructure of breakwater by contract, April-August, 1924-------------------------------------- 39, 574. 73 Harbor supervision, inspection boat, and office expenses-----------6, 846. 31 Total--- -------- 46, 763. 20 The available funds are sufficient to provide for the above work which is all that appears to be necessary prior to June 30, 1924. Commercial statistics.-Receipts since 1916 consisted principally of fish caught in Lake Erie off Dunkirk and brought in by local fishing vessels. Draft of steam fishing boats, 6 to 8 feet; of gasoline motor fishing boats, 2 to 4 feet. There were no shipments. Comparative statement. By lake. By lake. Calendar year. Passengers. Calendar year. Passengers. Short tons. Value. I Short tons. Value. 1918 ........... 1,300 $208,000 (1) 1921 ......... 1673 $153,916 None. 1919........... 1 503 240, 525 1,000 1922........... 3 4,760 236, 544 None. 1920........... 23 238 141, 436 900 1 Not known. 2 Includes 2,367 tons sand and gravel. 8 Includes 2,608 tons sand and gravel. The increase in freight traffic, both short tons and value, for the calendar year 1922 over that of 1921, is due to the imports of sand and gravel and to the increased domestic receipts of fresh fish. Financial sunmmary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $478.59: New work ------ $867, 424. 04 Maintenance--- ------------ ----------------- 253, 190. 70 Net total expended , 120, 614. 74 1------------------------------ Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 1, 167, 377. 94 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1...... $7,401.27 .............. $13, 950.14 .................... Expended for maintenance 1.... 2,973.66 $1, 609. 06 68, 051. 47 $505. 52 $3, 555. 27 . .. . . . . .. . Total expended 1 10, 374.93 1, 609. 06 82, 001.61 505.52 3, 555. 27 Appropriated or allotted..................... ............ 28, 950. 14 50, 000.00 ............ 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended --------------------------- $50, 318. 47 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 3, 555. 27 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ----- --------- __ 46, 763. 20 RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1563 11. HARBOR AT BUFFALO, N. Y. (B3.) Location and description.-Buffalo Harbor is located at the east- ern end of Lake Erie, 78 miles by water east of Erie Harbor, Pa. It consists of an outer harbor about 4z miles long and 1,600 feet wide formed by a breakwater system in Lake Erie and an inner river, canal, and basin harbor with a total length of about 7 miles and a width of about 200 feet. The inner harbor is improved and main- tained by the city of Buffalo. (See U. S. Lake Survey charts Nos. 3 and 314.) Original condition.-There was no outer harbor, and the Buffalo River entrance channel was narrow and about 8 feet deep across a gravel bar which at times practically closed the entrance to the lower portion of the Buffalo River, within the bar, which was the original harbor of Buffalo. The navigable portion of the river was about 4z miles in length, the head of navigation being at Abbott Road Bridge, Buffalo. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by river and harbor act of May 20, 1826, with modifications by river and harbor acts of July 7, 1838, June 23, 1866, June 23, 1874, June 3, 1896, March 2, 1907, and June 25, 1910. The total expenditure under these proj- ects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1912 was $5,922,795.52, of which $4,041,307.59 was for new work and $1,881,- 487.93 for maintenance since 1887. For further details of previous projects, see page 1967 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an outer harbor about 4z miles long and 1,600 feet wide, formed by a breakwater system ap- proximately parallel to the lake shore extending from Stony Point to the head of Niagara River, and comprising a total length of about 23,604 feet, with two entrance channels, one at the north end 21 feet deep at low-water datum and 1,300 feet wide, and one at the south end, natural depth 21 to 26 feet, and 550 feet wide, and a gap about in the center for water circulation, natural depth about 20 feet and about 150 feet wide; for a depth of 23 feet in area C at the north entrance and a depth of 21 feet in areas A, B, D, F (to the southern line of lot 3 but extending only to within 100 feet of the harbor line), and G in the outer harbor, and a triangular area at the junc- tion of the North Entrance Channel and Black Rock Channel; for an entrance channel to the inner harbor (Buffalo River and City Ship Canal) 21 feet deep and 180 to 250 feet wide, with enlargement at the inner end by the removal of the Watson elevator site to a depth of 21 feet; for a south pier of timber-crib type 1,760 feet long at the en- trance to the inner harbor; and for a sand-catch pier 1,148 feet long in the outer harbor about opposite the middle gap. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake Erie, elevation 570.8 feet above mean tide at New York City, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. These depths correspond to depths of 20.2 and 22.2 feet on the Lake Survey chart of the locality, Index No. 314. Ordinary fluctuations of water surface are from 3 feet above to low-water datum, and extreme fluctuations due to wind and other causes about 9 feet above and 31 feet below that plane. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, is $796,150, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $33,000. 1564 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of May 20, 1826, provided for the construction of the south pier, modified in 1868, for extension (documents or re- ports not known, except as to extension, Annual Report for 1868, pp. 222, 232) ; the act of March 3, 1875, inferentially provided for the sand-catch pier, modified by the act of June 3, 1896 (report of Board of Engineers, Annual Report for 1876, pt. 2, p. 573, and for 1895, p. 3153); the act of July 25, 1868, inferentially provided for construction of the breakwater (report of Board of Engineers, An- nual Report for 1868, pp. 232-236, and for 1876, pt. 2, p. 569) ; modi- fied by the act of June 3, 1896 (report of Board of Engineers, Annual Report for 1895, p. 3153), by the sundry civil act of March 3, 1905, and by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc. No. 240, 59th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of June 6, 1900, modified by the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the deepening of the entrance channel to the inner harbor and removing rock shoal therein (specified in acts); and the act of June 25, 1910, providing for the enlargement by removal of the Watson elevator site (H. Doc. No. 298, and R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 2, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of July 25, 1912, provided for securing the depth of 21 feet over areas A, B, and D, in the outer harbor for the purpose of enlarging the channelway and anchorage, and a depth of 23 feet over area C in the main outer entrance for a width of 800 feet, for the greater safety of deep-draft vessels in rough weather (H. Doc. No. 550, 62d Cong., 2d sess); and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the deepening of areas F and G (H. Doc. No. 1139, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) ; and of a triangular area at the north entrance (H. Doc. No. 1004, 65th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published maps are in House Document No. 1004, Sixty- fifth Congress, second session, Annual Report for 1915, page 3292, and Lake Survey chart No. 314. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions were imposed by law at the time of adoption of any part of the present project, except for that part of the project which provided in the river and harbor act of 1910 for the transfer of the Watson elevator site and relinquishment of control of certain waterways to the United States by the city of Buffalo, which was accomplished in 1911. The expenditure by the city for purchase of the Watson elevator site was $150,000. Before the adoption of the original project by Congress in 1826 piers on the north and south side of the mouth of Buffalo Creek had been built with funds supplied by citizens of Buffalo and the State legislature, at a cost of about $15,000. Those piers were of practically the same extent as the present piers. The Buffalo River entrance channel between the piers was deepened and maintained by the city of Buffalo up to 1900; expenditure, $137,654.34. Outside of the project, improvement and maintenance for the benefit of the public has been done as follows: By the city of Buffalo: (1) Dredging the Buffalo River from the inner end of entrance channel to Babcock Street, a distance of 29,100 feet, to a depth of from 20 to 21 feet over a width of 200 to 250 feet, except at the bends where it is suitably widened, and con- struction of a retaining wall 426 feet long on the north bank, just west of the Ohio Street bridge, at a total cost of $2,253,910.61 for new work to December 31, 1922, and $836,837.16 for maintenance RIVERS AND HARBORS BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1565 to June 30, 1923. (2) Dredging the City Ship Canal, 6,250 feet long, 200 feet wide, and 21 feet deep, at a cost to September 23, 1921, of $790,348.49 for new work and $394,665.18 for maintenance to June 30, 1923. (3) Dredging Peck Slip from Buffalo River to City Ship Canal, 400 feet long, 250 feet wide, and 20 feet deep, at a cost to July 1, 1917, of $16,636.50 for new work and $13,680.19 for maintenance. Free to the general public. Peck Slip filled in and abandoned. (4) Removal of islands between Buffalo River and City Ship Canal, 350 feet above Commercial Street, at a cost of $104,493. Contract completed October 5, 1921. By the State of New York: (1) Is providing terminals for its barge-canal system at Buffalo at a cost of $3,750,000. (2) The Erie Basin terminal, which is formed by a stone breakwater 2,240 feet long, is designed to be the transfer point between lake and canal freight, has a projected depth of 23 feet at mean lake level, and has been dredged to a depth of 20 feet from the Black Rock harbor channel to the piers and dock walls. Three thousand linear feet of concrete dock wall has been built. Two piers 150 feet wide and 600 and 400 feet long, respectively, have been built. On the larger pier there has been erected a freight house of brick and steel con- struction, 500 feet long and 80 feet wide, which has been equipped with electrically operated freight-handling machinery, consisting of two 3-ton semiportal jib cranes, one endless belt conveyor, and stor- age-battery trucks and trailers. On the smaller pier there is a frame freight house, 200 feet by 32 feet, equipped with a 5-ton, full- portal, revolving jib crane and two portable cranes, one a 3-ton and the other a 1-ton. This terminal has cost to date $2,000,000. (3) At the Ohio Basin terminal 2,200 linear feet of concrete dock wall has been completed and 350 feet more is under contract; 1,500 linear feet more wall will be required to complete the terminal. A depth of 18 feet of water will be provided leading from the Buffalo River to the dock. A 5-ton, full portal revolving jib crane has been installed at this terminal. This improvement, to be completed in 1923, will cost $1,750,000. Free to the general public. By the Lehigh Valley Railroad Co.: Extension of City Ship Canal 5,000 feet, 20 to 22 feet deep at mean lake level, 200 feet wide; and three Tifft farm basins, same depth and width; 1,400, 1,600, and 2,000 feet long, respectively; expenditure, estimated, $500,000 to July 1, 1917. Not free to the general public, but terms same to all. By Bethlehem Steel Co. (Inc.), Lackawanna plant: Construction of canal (connecting with the south end of outer harbor), 4,000 feet long, 200 feet wide, 23 feet deep at mean lake level; expenditure, $1,408,700. Not free to the general public, but terms alike to all. By the Rogers-Brown Iron Co. and the Pennsylvania Railroad Co.: Construction of canal (connecting with south end of outer har- bor), 2,000 feet long, 200 feet wide, 23 feet deep at mean lake level; expenditure, $406,000. Not free to the general public, but terms alike to all. Terminal facilities.-Outer harbor: Consist of two canals or slip at the southern end of the harbor which provide wharves for unload- ing and shipping iron ore and limestone. One is that of the Bethle- hem Steel Co. (Inc.), Lackawanna plant, an industrial concern manufacturing steel products, the other the Union Canal, occupied on one side by the Rogers-Brown Iron Co. an4 on the other side by 1566 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. In addition to the three iron-ore docks there is one shipbuilding wharf, one unfinished pier, and the partly completed freight terminal of the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. Inner harbor: The Buffalo River, City Ship Canal, and connecting basins and slips provide facilities for the following: 17 grain eleva- tors, storage capacity 25,000,000 bushels, with modern appliances for unloading grain from vessels and transfer to cars and canal barges; 4 coal docks, for loading hard coal in vessels, two trestles of an obso- lete type and two modern car dumpers; 5 ore docks for unloading iron ore from vessels, two owned by industrial plants, manufactur- ing steel products and cast iron, the other three, ore transfer docks owned by railroad companies. There are also 14 merchandise wharves, of which 12 are controlled by the trunk lines entering Buffalo, the other two are owned by private parties. Also three railroad-controlled flour docks. Sixteen minor docks are used for unloading limestone, sand, gravel, gypsum, and lumber. Passenger and merchandise lake transportation companies control three docks and another is used by summer excursion steamers. There are five public docks, three of which are owned by the city of Buffalo and two by the State of New York. Of the former, the dock at the foot of Main Street is the most important, having a frontage of 200 feet. It is used principally by small dispatch boats and excursion steamers, under regulation and control of the Buffalo City harbor master. The two State docks are part of the New York Barge Canal system and comprise the Erie and Ohio basins. As a rule the terminals owned or controlled by the railroad and lake transportation companies and grain elevators are open to use on equal terms by water carriers, while those owned by industrial cor- porations or individuals are not. Out of a frontage of 17,200 feet of private property protected by the outer breakwater completed 16 years ago, only about 500 feet is yet improved with terminal facilities. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement. The improvement has made the devolop- ment of water-borne commerce possible in that the channels, de- scribed in paragraph Original condition, have been improved by the deepening of Buffalo River entrance channel and the outer harbor north entrance, and the creation and deepening of the outer harbor, so as to enable the largest bulk freighters of 20 feet draft to make use of the inner harbor, deepened by the city of Buffalo. The outer har- bor, formed by a breakwater system 4 miles long, provides safe refuge and anchorage, and is extensively used for anchorage as well as for a channel way. Such use by the largest and deepest draft vessels on the Lakes is extensive. Improved harbor conditions, com- mensurate with the connecting channels of the Great Lakes, have re- sulted in a material reduction in water-borne freight rates, notably for the bulk commodities, iron ore, hard coal, grain, and limestone, which represent about 85 per cent of the bulk traffic. Other beneficial effects which have resulted from the improvement have been the establishment of many water transportation lines, both bulk and package freight, and passenger. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1567 Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging and rock removal, by contract, was done in the Buffalo River En- trance Channel from July 3, to August 2, 1922. Overlying material was removed over an area of 265,000 square feet and bed rock re- moved over 12,000 square feet; 45,221 cubic yards, scow measure, of overlying material and 1,750 cubic yards, scow measure, of broken bed rock were removed. The entrance channel was restored to project depth and width from 50 feet upstream from the inner end of south pier to the upper limit of United States improvement, $32,816.67 being expended on this work. Minor repairs by hired labor and United States plant were made to the South Breakwater and South Entrance Arm, 215 tons of fill- ing stone were replaced and 45 capping stone reset, $1,785 being expended on this work. Replacement of old timber portions of superstructure on Buffalo brea lwater with stone-concrete, by contract, was begun on Stony Point section in May, 1923. Overcasting rubble and riprap stone was begun and a small amount of new rubble and capping stone were placed, but little progress had been made at the end of the fiscal year, $7,292.34 being expended on the work. Annual examination of entrance channels was made in May-June, 1923. Expenditures for harbor supervision, examinations and office ex- penses were $1,392.60. A new work expenditure of $4,137.75 was for contingencies on contract for dredging in outer harbor, completed prior to fiscal year. The expenditures during the year were $47,424.36, of which $4,137.75 was for new work and $43,286.61 was for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 84 per cent completed. The work completed under the project is the South Pier, protecting the entrance to the inner harbor in Buffalo River; dredging and rock excavation to secure a channel 21 feet deep at low-water datum, 180 to 250 feet wide between the piers and 250 to 720 feet wide upstream from the piers to and including the " Watson elevator site " at the junction of the Buffalo River and the City Ship Canal, and the formation of an outer harbor 4 miles long, 1,600 feet wide and 17 to 28 feet deep at low-water datum. The outer harbor is protected by a breakwater system having a total length of 22,404 feet with entrances near the north and south ends, and consists of the Stony Point breakwater 1,602.9 feet long, completed in 1899, to which is attached the South Entrance Arm 1,000 feet long, completed in 1914; the South Breakwater 9,989 feet long completed in 1903; the North Breakwater 2,203.5 feet long completed in 1901, and the Old Breakwater 7,608.6 feet long com- pleted in 1893. There are 2,984 linear feet of breakwater with tim- ber superstructure; 8,897 feet of timber crib with concrete super- structure; 363 feet of timber crib with stone superstructure; 1,910 feet of timber crib with stone-concrete superstructure and 8,250 feet of rubble mound. The breakwater system was originally 23,604 feet long, but by sale of 1,200 feet of the shore end of the Stony Point breakwater to the Lackawanna Steel Co. in 1918, it was reduced to its present length. 61637-ENG 1923--99 1568 REPORT OF CHIEF OF. ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The South Pier was completed in 1839 and the sand catch pier in 1897. The project areas A, B, and G and the north half of F in the outer harbor, area D in the entrance channel, and the triangular area have been deepened to 21 feet, and area C in the outer entrance channel to 23 feet at low-water datum. The harbor structures are in good condition except the sand-catch pier which is not maintained, and the 2,984 linear feet of timber breakwater superstructure, which is badly decayed and wrecked, on the old, south, and Stony Point sections of the breakwater. The re- placing of most of this timber superstructure with stone and concrete is now in progress. Work remaining to complete the project is the deepening of the south half of outer harbor, area F. The controlling depth in harbor and channels is 21 feet at low- water datum, except at the junction of the Buffalo River anc the City Ship Canal, where the controlling depth is 19 feet. Expenditures under the existing project were $895,374.57, of which $666,858.95 was for new work and $228,515.62 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended balance, amounting to $551,780.72, as follows: New work : Deepening portion of Area F, outer harbor, most needed for use of navigation, U. S. dipper dredge Sodus, September-October, 1923 ----------------------------------- $13, 997. 50 Ma:ntenance : Annual examinations, May, 1924_ $881. 48 Redredging, including care and repair of dredg ng plant, share of cost of new steel hull for U. S. dipper dredge Sodus ($6 000) and three new steel dump scows ($9,000), August-September, 1923__ 22, 462. 80 Minor repairs to breakwater, piers, and storehouse, U. S. derrick boat No. 3, July 1923-------------- 4, 757. 68 Replacing old timber superstructure cn breakwaters with rubble mound under existing contract, July, 1923, to June, 1924 __________________---__-__- 499, 827. 67 Harbor superv sion, inspect:on boat, care and repair of floating plant and office expenses-------------9, 853. 59 537, 783. 22 Total --------------- -- ------------------ 551, 780. 72 The funds available will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1924. A length of 216 linear feet of old timber superstructure on South Harbor section of Buffalo breakwater is badly decayed and should be replaced with concrete. Redredging is also required annually, and these, with the other usual items of maintenance, should be pro- vided for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, as follows: Maintenance: Annual examinations ------------------------ $1, 000 Harbor supervision, inspection boat, care and repair of floating plant and property and office expenses__ ------------- ---- 10, 000 Redredging, including care and repair of dredging plant (U. S. dipper dredge Sodus)--------------------------------------- 15, 000 Minor repairs to breakwaters, piers, etc., including share of cost of new steel hull for derrick boat No. 3 and two new steel deck barges, $20,000__ -_- - -- ---- 25, 000 RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1569 Replacing 216 linear feet old timber superstructure, South Harbor section of breakwater with concrete, contract: Removing old superstructure, $3,600, 4,140 cubic yards concrete at $12_____----------------------------- $49, 680 Engineering and contingencies-------------------- 8, 720 $62, 000 Riprapping concrete portion of South Harbor section, Buffalo breakwater, 10,000 tons riprap at $3.50 (contract) ------------- 35, 000 Total ------ ---------------------------------- 148, 000 The amount required for maintenance exceeds the average annual cost of maintenance for the preceding five years, and exceeds the ap- proved estimate of annual cost of maintenance by $115,000, accounted for by items for replacing 216 linear feet of old timber superstructure on breakwater with concrete, new steel derrick boat hull and two new steel deck barges and riprapping concrete portion of South Harbor section of breakwater, all of which are considered necessary and urgent. Commercial statistics.-The principal receipts, in the order of their value, consisted of wheat, automobiles, flour, rye, corn, iron ore, butter, oats, merchandise, copper, feed, flaxseed, soft coal, barley, wool and limestone flux. The shipments consisted of merchandise, automobiles, wheat, hard coal, textiles, refined sugar, raw sugar, manufactured steel, corn, and sulphur. Of the total freight traffic, short tons, for 1922, the percentages were as follows: Wheat, 29; iron ore, 23; miscellaneous, 14; lime- 12; stone flux, 7; hard coal, 6; corn, 5; rye, 4; soft coal, 4; flour, 3; oats, barley, 1; feed, 1; and merchandise, 1 per cent. Of the total hard-coal shipments, those to Canadian ports com- prised 4 per cent. The grain, iron ore, and coal are carried in vessels varying in draft from 18 to 21 feet, while flour, feed, and merchandise are carried in package freight steamers varying in draft from 17 to 19 feet. Pas- senger steamers, which carry some package freight, vary in draft from 10 to 15 feet. All commerce makes use of the improvement. A very extensive passenger-excursion business during the summer season of about four months, June to September, is carried on with Crystal Beach, a summer resort on the Canadian shore 10 miles west of Buffalo, and with Fort Erie Beach, on the same shore at the head of Niagara River. The vessels engaged in this passenger traffic draw about 12 feet. Comparative statement. By lake. New York Barge Canal. Total. Calendar year. Passengers. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1918............ 18,544, 063 $496,709,974 1, 484, 977 619,196 $14,154,242 19,163, 259 $510,864,216 1919............ 14,610, 551 462, 735, 245 1, 894,662 583,197 22, 735,161 15,193 748 485 470, 406 1920............ 18, 094, 623 484, 148 006 1, 738,111 579, 719 33,002,560 18,674,342 517 150,566 1921 14,033,351 440, 374, 572 1, 586, 761 718, 833 26, 028, 764 14, 752,184 466,403, 336 1922.......... 17, 679, 096 537, 697, 869 1, 557, 552 867,792 40, 936, 815 18 546, 888 78, 634 684 NOTE.-Previous to 1922 some commerce actually pertaining to Buffalo Harbor N. Y., had been reported under the heading "Black Rock Channel and Tonawanda Harbor, N. Y.," Beginning with 1922 that commerce has been separated and is reported under Buffalo Harbor or Tonawanda Harbor, depending upon the locality to which it pertains. 1570 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The increase in freight traffic, both short tons and value, for the calendar year 1922 over that of 1921, is due to the increased receipt of wheat, automobiles, rye, iron ore, soft coal, copper, butter, barley, feed oats, wool, limestone flux, pig iron, manufactured steel, oil, paper, eggs, scrap iron, and steel tubes. Increased shipments consisted of wheat, merchandise, refined sugar, raw sugar, textiles, manufactured steel, sulphur, powder, pig iron, steel rails, petroleum, rye, flaxseed, coke, oats, soft coal, steel billets, and paper, partially offset by decreased receipts in flaxseed, merchandise, flour, shingles, gravel, pulp wood, and lumber, and de- creased shipments of hard coal, automobiles, corn, auto bodies, manufactured iron, soda, steel rods, and pig lead. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,817.62: New work --------------------------------------- $4, 708, 166. 54 Maintenance ------------------------------------ 2, 110, 003. 55 Net total expended ------------------------------ 6, 818, 170. 09 Total appropriations to date of this report __--__________ 7, 369, 950. 81 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1 . . . . . .. Expended for new work . $14, 707.16 $17,892. 61 $50, 977. 94 $98,391.70 $4, 137. 75 Expended for maintenance 1..... 17, 214. 22 79, 420. 16 30, 065. 24 24, 715. 54 43, 286. 61 Total expended 1........... 31,921.38 97,312.77 81, 043.18 123,107.24 47, 424.36 Appropriated or allotted......... 171, 400. 00 13, 000. 00 13, 000. 00 500, 000. 00 48, 500. 00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---- $550, 675.83 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923 _ 40, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved approved June 1922------------------------------------- June 30, 1922 8, 500.00 8, 500.00 Receipts rom sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 ---------------- 29. 25 599, 205. 08 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year:' For new work ---------------------------- $4, 137. 75 For maintenance ---- ------- 43, 286. 61 47, 424. 36 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended__________________________ 551, 780. 72 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ------------------ $319. 08 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts 457, 827. 84 458, 146. 92 July 1, 1923, balance available _______------ --- ______--94, 633. 80 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project___--_______ -------------------- 115, 300. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance --------------------- ' 148, 000. 00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1571 12. BLACK ROCK CHANNEL AND TONAWANDA HARBOR, N. Y. (B4.) Location and description.-The improvement under the above heading comprises those formerly designated by three titles, viz, Lake Erie entrance to Black Rock Harbor and Erie Basin, N. Y., Black Rock Harbor and Channel, N. Y., and Tonawanda Harbor and Niagara River, N. Y. This improvement is essentially that of the upper 13 miles of Niagara River, which flows in a northerly direc- tion from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario, a distance of about 34 miles. It is the principal drainage outlet of the four upper Great Lakes, whose aggregate basin area is about 248,500 square miles. Its dis- charges at standard low water and standard high water of Lake Erie (570 and 575.11 feet above mean tide at New York) are about 153,000 and 267,000 second-feet, respectively. It is navigable from its source to the upper rapids, 20 miles, and from Lewiston to the mouth, 7 miles. The current is rapid for the upper navigable por- tion, where the average fall is about 0.5 foot per mile. The total fall of the lower 7 miles is 0.5 foot. The intermediate section of the river consisting of 7 miles of falls and rapids have a total fall of 315 feet. The average width is about 3,500 feet. The lower limit of the improvement is 10 miles above Niagara Falls and 22 miles from the mouth of the river. Original condition.The entrance to Erie Basin was originally from 12 to 18 feet deep at low-water datum and 400 to 600 feet wide. Black Rock Channel was originally part of Niagara River. The construction of Bird Island Pier and Squaw Island Dike and a dam and ship lock by the State of New York in the years preceding 1825 formed a harbor separated from Niagara River. At the time of adoption of the present project the harbor was 200 to 700 feet wide and would accomodate vessels of 8 feet draft. Niagara River Channel from Lake Erie to North Tonawanda was obstructed by several reefs and shoals, the minimum depth being about 13 feet at low-water datum, with a minimum channel width of about 200 feet. The water in the harbor between Tonawanda Island and the main- land and in Tonawanda Creek up to the State dam was shoal. Previous projects.-Lake Erie section, none. The original project for Black Rock Harbor and Channel was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1829. The original project for Tonawanda Harbor and Niagara River was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881. The amount expended on these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1905 was $58,027.28, all for new work. For further details of previous proje9ts see items 5 and 7, page 1970, of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 21 feet deep from Buffalo Harbor north entrance channel to opposite Sixth Avenue, North Tonawanda, 131 miles long; 400 feet wide to Erie Basin, Buf- falo, a distance of 2,300 feet, suitably widened at'the bend, and thence 500 feet wide to the foot of Maryland Street, Buffalo, a distance of 2,190 feet; thence 350 feet wide narrowing to 200 feet wide 500 feet northwest; and from thence 200 feet wide through Black Rock Canal, 3.3 miles, with a ship lock at Bridge Street, a bridge at Ferry Street, Buffalo, and repair of the Bird Island Pier and the towpath wall; and thence 400 feet wide in Niagara River to the foot of Tonawanda Island opposite Sixth Avenue, North Tonawanda 9,2 miles, ending in a turning basin about 1,230 feet long and 1,050 feet wide; and for a 1572 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. channel 16 feet deep and generally 400 feet wide in Tonawanda Inner Harbor, 6,800 feet long, and 16 feet deep and generally 180 feet wide in Tonawanda Creek, 1,400 feet long. The project depths correspond, to depths of 20.2 feet above the lock, increasing gradually to 20.4 feet at Tonawanda, and to a depth of 15.4 feet in Tonawanda Harbor, on the Lake Survey Chart Upper Niagara River, Index No. 312. Ordinary fluctuations of water level above the lock are from 3 feet above to low water datum, and ex- treme fluctuations produced by .winds and other causes are about 9 feet above to 31 feet below that plane. River fluctuations gradually decrease to about 77 per cent of fluctuations above the lock when they reach North Tonawanda. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1922, is $6,801,630.93, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $12,000. Description of Black Rock Lock. Location: Foot of Bridge Street, Buffalo, N. Y. (in city limits). Dimensions: Length between miter sills --. _____-- __--______ ____- feet__ 650 Available length for full width---------------------do. 625 Width in clear (between fenders) _________---__ do___ 68 Lift --------------- ------------------------------ do 5. 2 Depth on miter sills at low water (-2.0' M. R. L & M. L. L.) ___do -__ 22 Foundation (lock) : Bedrock. Dam: Fixed. Type of construction: Lock-Concrete walls; steel mitering gates. Dam-The dam consists of Squaw Island and Bird Island Pier lying be- tween the canal and Niagara River. The pier was built of timber cribs filled with stone in 1822-1834, chiefly by State of New York. Cost is unknown. Cost of lock (walls, gates, wing walls, and operating machinery)__ $1,001,577.88 The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 11, 1888, provided for the channel in Niagara River (H. Doc. No. 83, 50th Cong., 1st sess.), modified by the act of June 3, 1896, for its deepening to 16 feet and extension to the foot of Tonawanda Island and in Tonawanda Inner Harbor (Annual Report for 1897, pp. 3116-3120); by the act of June 13, 1902, for deepening Tonawanda Creek to 16 feet (H. Doc. No. 143, 56th Cong., 1st sess.) ; by act of March 3, 1905, for deepening to 21 feet, except Tonawanda Inner Harbor and Creek and main river channel along and to the foot of Tonawanda Island (H. Doc. 428, 58th Cong., 2d sess.) ; and by act of July 27, 1916, for deepening the channel along and to the foot of Tonawanda Island, ending in a turning basin and making consolidated funds available therefor (H. Doc. No. 658, 63d Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the channel in Lake Erie to the foot of Maryland Street (H. Doc. No. 125, 56th Cong., 2d sess.), modified by the act of August 8, 1917, for widening it at the bend and making consolidated funds available thereto; the act of March 3, 1905, provided for the 21-foot channel through Black Rock Canal and for ship lock, bridge, and repair of pier and wall (H. Doc. No. 428, 58th Cong., 2d sess.), modified by the act of September 22, 1922, for widening channel at the foot of Maryland Street (H. Doc. No. 981, 66th Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published maps are in House Document No. 981, Sixty-sixth RIVERS AND HARBORS BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1573 Congress, third session, and U. S. Lake Survey charts Nos. 312 and 314. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.- The river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, provided that no expenditure should be made until the Secretary of War should have satisfactory assurance of the construction of the barge canal proposed by the State of New York. This assurance was furnished and accepted by the Secretary of War November 4, 1905. The river and harbor act of July 27, 1916, made the work authorized by the act subject to the conditions set forth in House Document No. 658, Sixty-third Congress, second session, viz, that the cities of Tona- wanda and North Tonawanda, at their own expense, lower their waterworks intake pipes in the bed of Niagara River. The work was completed in December, 1919, and accepted by the Chief of En- gineers March 5, 1920. Work for the benefit of the public has been done with funds sup- plied by other sources than Congress, as follows: Between 1823 and 1907 the State of New York expended various sums for dredging Black Rock Harbor, construction of ship lock, extension of Bird Island Pier, and construction of wall between harbor and Erie Canal; expenditure estimated at $1,000,000. By letters patent dated July 25, 1905, the State of New York granted to the United States such land and structures as were necessary for the construction and maintenance of the canal and lock. The city of Buffalo in 1912 low- ered and reconstructed the Buffalo trunk sewer across Black Rock Canal at Albany Street at a cost of about $100,000. The city of Buffalo contributed $28,700 toward the cost of the lift bridge across the channel at Ferry Street and expended $1,200 on repairs to the Bird Island Pier and Dock at the foot of Ferry Street. Under permit of the Secretary of War dated June 23, 1913, the northerly 2,950 feet of Bird Island Pier and adjacent area reverted to the city of Buffalo for occupation and use as a public park, and excursion-boat and ferryboat landing facilities, that part of the pier to be maintained by the city. Under this permit the city constructed two bulkheads, one immediately south and the other immediately north of Ferry Street along the easterly limit of the area occupied under the permit. In addition the bulkhead in Niagara River 815 feet along the westerly limit of the area south of Ferry Street, as also 117 feet of work north of Ferry street, have been completed. Two hundred and sixty-eight thousand nine hundred dollars have been expended to date, of which $80,000 was for sewer and $188,900 for bulkheads. Terminal facilities.-There are no terminals along the canalized channel above the Black Rock Lock. Transfer of freight takes place across the towpath to commercial plants on the east side, con- sisting of one grain mill at the foot of Albany Street, one factory at the foot of Ferry Street, two wall-plaster mills, one at the foot of Brebkenridge Street and the other at the foot of West Delavan Avenue, one grain mill and malting house, foot of Brace Street, one sand and gravel yard at the foot of Bird Avenue, one car-wheel foun- dry at the foot of Forest Avenue, and a gasoline fueling station, foot of Wayne Street, Buffalo. Transfer from boats is feasible by revolving derricks with buckets and slings, hoisted and swung over the towpath, except at the ele- 1574 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. vators, where movable grain spouts overhang the towpath. Trans- fer is insignificant except at the sand yard. The city of Buffalo uses frontage at the old Massachusetts Street water-works pumping station and owns frontage at the Porter Ave- nue waterworks pumping station (part leased to the Buffalo yacht club) and used only for small-boat landings. It also owns a pier at the foot of Georgia Street. Along the easterly bank of the Niagara River, below the Black Rock Lock, the terminals consist of the following: American Radia- tor Co., machine-tool department, formerly the Buffalo Copper Smelting Works; three sand and gravel yards, one at the foot of Hamilton Street, one at the foot of Austin Street, the third at the foot of Hertel Avenue, Buffalo; one lumber yard (dock in decayed condition); one grain mill and malting house (on east bank of old Erie Canal, above mouth of Cornelius Creek); and a blast-fur- nace dock on Rattlesnake Island, 4 miles below the lock, all used exclusively by the owners thereof. At Tonawanda and North Tonawanda the terminal facilities con- sist of wharves along the river frontage extending one-fourth mile above and 2 miles below Tonawanda Creek; also all of the 1- miles of water front of Tonawanda Island, of the main shore of North Tonawanda, and the water front to Tonawanda Creek from its mouth to the Webster-Main Street highway bridge, a distance of 1,400 feet. There are 20 lumber docks, 1 sand and gravel dock, 1 ore dock, 1 fueling dock, 1 passenger dock, landing for excursion boats, and the Paper Board Corporation's dock. All wharves have railroad connections, being owned by the com- panies using them, and open to all water carriers which are suitable and chartered for the triffic. There are also two State docks which are part of the New York Barge Canal system, one in North Tonawanda, the other in Tona- wanda, on opposite sides of Tonawanda Creek. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) These terminal facilities are considered ade- quate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-The waterway as described in the para- graph Original condition has been improved so that a safe channel is provided for the largest deep-draft vessels around the rapids at the head of Niagara River, with an approach channel from the main Buffalo Harbor entrance channel, and an adequate canal and ship lock, thus providing deep-water navigation to Tonawanda and the terminus of the New York State Barge Canal. Use by larger and deeper-draft vessels has resulted in reduction in water-borne freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-New work: Under contract for constructing one office storehouse, one concrete pump house, and six concrete operating houses at Black Rock Lock, the concrete has been poured on the pump house, three operating houses and basement of storehouse. The necessary window sash, door frames, electrical conduits, plumbing, etc., in connection with the concrete work, has been done. Expenditures, $29,028.42. A frame storehouse was erected at Ferry Street bridge by hired labor and purchase of materials. Expenditures, $1,414.47. Maintenance: Dredging in the Black Rock Channel by U. S. dipper dredge Sodus, which was in progress at the beginning of the RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1575 fiscal year, was completed July 5, 1922; 1,610 cubic yards, scow measurement, were removed during the fiscal year in restoring the channel to project depth. Most of the expenditure of $6,089.01 was for outstanding liabilities at the beginning of the year. Minor repairs to Bird Island Pier were made with hired labor and United States plant. One hundred and ten tons of stone were reset and 40 tons of new stone placed. Expenditures, $300.80. The annual examination of 'the Black Rock Channel and Tonawanda Harbor was made. Expenditures, $1,325.32. Expenditures for harbor supervision, office expenses, and miscellaneous were $1,024.95. The expenditures during the year were $30,460.44 for new work and $8,722.53 for maintenance; total, $39,182.97. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 82 per cent completed. The channel from Buffalo Harbor north entrance channel to opposite Sixth Avenue, North Tonawanda, was completed in 1921, except the widening at the bend and opposite the foot of Maryland Street, Buffalo. The different sections of this channel were completed as follows: Lake Erie section in 1909; Black Rock Canal section in 1915; Niagara River section, from lock to deep water pool above Tonawanda in 1913, and the extension of the deep- water channel and turning basin at Tonawanda in 1921. The Tona- wanda Creek Channel was completed in 1902, except the upstream 150 feet, inaccessible because then under low fixed bridges. Tona- wanda Inner Harbor Channel was completed in 1904. The lock, including wing walls and retaining walls above the lock, was com- pleted in 1914, and the guide pier connecting with the west lower wing wall in 1916. The bridge at Ferry Street was completed in 1914 and the Ferry Street storehouse in 1923. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is'widen- ing the channel at the bend and opposite Maryland Street, Buffalo, and repair of Bird Island Pier and towpath wall; completing the upstream 150 feet of Tonawanda Creek Channel and completing an office storehouse, one pump house, and six operating houses at Black Rock Lock. Structures are all in good condition except Bird Island Pier and towpath wall, which require extensive repairs. The controlling depths at low-water datum are: Lake Erie section and Black Rock Canal, 18 feet; Niagara River Channel, 21 feet; Tonawanda Harbor, 16 feet; and Tonawanda Creek Channel, 13.5 feet. The total expenditure under the existing project was $5,704,245.51, of which $5,584,375.16 was for new work and $119,870.35 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1923, amounting to $414,705.69, as follows: New work: Construction of office-storehouse building, 6 op- erating houses, and 1 pump house at Black Rock Lock, under existing contract, June, 1923- June, 1924------------------------------ $102, 666. 42 Widening the channel at the bend opposite foot of Georgia Street, June, 1924, to June, 1925, by contract, and deepening channel by contract or United States plant, as found most advanta- geous _______ _____ 233, 000. 00 $335, 666. 42 1576 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Maintenance: Annual examination, May, 1924, and May, 1925___ $1, 000. 00 Redredging, including care and repair of dredg- ing plant, share of cost of new steel hull for U. S. dipper dredge Sodus ($6,000), and 3 new steel dump scows ($12,500), October-November, 1923, and May-June, 1924 ____.________________ 45, 500. 00 Share of cost of new steel hull for derrick boat No. 3 and two new steel deck barges __.________ 20, 000. 00 Harbor supervision, inspection boat, care and re- pair of floating plant and property, and office expenses 12, 539. 27 $79, 039. 27 Total ___________---________ 414, 705. 69 The available funds are sufficient to provide for the above work, which is all that appears to be necessary prior to June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-Beginning with the calendar year 1922 the commerce (freight traffic) of this improvement (which is also that passing the Black Rock Lock) is included in Buffalo Harbor and Tonawanda Harbor, N. Y., and, in order to avoid duplication, is not here repeated. For purposes of comparison with traffic of former years, compara- tive statements for the years 1918-1921, inclusive, for Black Rock Channel and Tonawanda Harbor, N. Y., and for Tonawanda Harbor for 1921-22 follow: Comparative statement. By Lake Erie and Niagara River. By NewaYork Barge Total. Canal. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1918............. 2, 659, 227 $21,685, 862 12, 318 81,291 $2,415,117 2,740, 518 $24 100,979 1919............. 1, 778, 694 29, 156, 906 92, 535 1337, 358 2 881, 901 2, 116, 052 30, 038, 807 1920 ............ 1,583,154 9,741,001 77,300 290,774 1,927,967 S1,873,928 311,668, 968 1921.............. 1, 050, 519 5, 196, 253 43, 527 166, 230 186, 642 41, 216, 749 5, 382, 895 1 Increase due to large shipments of sand, gravel, and stone. 2 Decrease due to lessar shipmentS of lumber. 3 Exclusive of cargoes in transit, via New York Barge Canal, viz, 304,933 tons, value $31,048,895. 4 E cl ysiv of .arpes in tra sit, via New York Barge Canal, viz, 502,583 tons, value $20,192,013. TONAWANDA HARBOR, N. Y. The principal receipts of this port, both foreign and domestic, consisted of lumber. The shipments consisted of small exports of hard and soft coal to Canadian ports. Of the total freight traffic, short tons, for the calendar year 1922, the percentages were as follows: Lumber, 99,74, and coal, 0.26 per cent. Lumber and other commodities are carried in vessels drawing 13 to 15 feet. All commerce makes use of the improvement. Comparative statement. By Lake Erie and Niagara River. By new barge canal. Total. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1921 .............. 123, 589 $2, 949, 473 None.. 166, 230 $186, 642 289, 819 $3, 136, 115 1922 .............. 163, 881 6, 073,063 None.. 242,221 506, 042 406, 102 6, 579,105 RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1577 The increase in freight traffic, both short tons and value, for the calendar year 1922 over that of 1921 is due to the increased receipts of lumber. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $74,751.06: New work- ----------------------------- --- $5, 642, 402. 44 Maintenance-_ ------------- 119, 870. 35 Net total expended- - - 5, 762, 272. 79 -------------------- 6, 176, 978. 48 Total appropriations to date of this report______ Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1...... $131, 052. 32 $133, 495. 74 $30, 460. 44 Expended for maintenance 1..... $15, 218. 91 $3, 423. 89 1,954. 52 8, 629.44 8, 722.53 Total expended 1.......... 15,218.91 3,423.89 133,006.84 142, 125.18 39,182.97 Appropriated or alloted.......... 435, 000.00 ........ ...... 10,000.00 40,000.00 205,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended----------------------------- $248, 888. 66 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923-- 1----------- 96, 500. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922 - _.-8, 500. 00 453, 888. 66 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work 30, 460.44 $---------------------------- For maintenance - - 8, 722. 53 39, 182. 97 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---- 414, 705. 69 July 1, 1923, ainount covered by uncompleted contracts __ 109, 246. 88 July 1, 1923, balance available--------------------------------- 305, 458. 81 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---------------------------------------- 2890, 000. 00 13. NIAGARA RIVER, N. Y. (B5.) Location and description.-For description of Niagara River see report on Black Rock Channel and Tonawanda Harbor, N. Y. The part of the river included in this project is that extending from North Tonawanda, 132 miles from Lake Erie, to Niagara Falls, a distance of 7- miles. The lower limit of the improvement is about 16 miles from the mouth of the river. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 312.) Original condition.--This portion of the river was obstructed by shoals and scattered bowlders, the depth over shoals being about 9 feet and the minimum channel width about 130 feet. Previous projects.--The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, and modified by river and harbor 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2Exclusive of available funds. 1578 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. acts of August 18, 1894, and June 25, 1910. The amount expended prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1912 was $68,507.24, all for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1970 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 11 feet deep and 200 feet wide from opposite Sixth Avenue, North Tonawanda, to the Niagara Falls waterworks intake crib and for a channel 13 feet deep and from 300 to 400 feet wide from the Navy Island Channel to the foot of Sugar Street, Niagara Falls, N. Y. The project depths are referred to the sloping river surface when Lake Erie is at low-water datum, elevation 570.8 feet above mean tide at New York City, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. The project depths correspond to depths 9.6 feet and 11.7 feet on the Lake Survey chart, Upper Niagara River, Index No. 312. Ordinary fluctuations of water level are from 2 feet above to low-water datum, and extreme fl tnuations, produced by wind and other causes, are from 5 feet above to foot below that plane. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1911, is $55,125, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1911)' approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of July 13, 1892, modified by the act of August 18, 1894, and of June 25, 1910, provided for the channel 11 feet deep from' Tonawanda to the waterworks intake crib and beyond to the foot of Sugar Street (Annual Report for 1893, p. 3113, and H. Doc. No. 75, 60th Cong., 1st sess.) ; and the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the channel 13 feet deep from the Navy Island Channel and widening and deepening to 13 feet of the 11-foot channel from the intake crib to Sugar Street (H. Doc. No. 549, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published maps are in the Annual Report for 1915, page 3306, and Lake Survey chart No. 312. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, required local interests to contribute 50 per cent of the cost of con- struction work, or $27,562.50. This condition was complied with, the necessary amount having been deposited on March 1, 1915. Terminal facilities.-Those between North Tonawanda and Ni- agara Falls are confined to two docks, one at the foot of Sugar Street, 353 feet long, owned by the Empire Building Supply Co.,and reserved for their private uses, and the other at the foot of Iroquois Street, 204 feet long, owned by the Niagara Falls Power Co., open to all water carriers on equal terms of rental. There are no public docks. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The water-borne commerce has been bene- fited by the improvement of the river, mainly in the deepening of the channel from the Canadian channel at Navy Island to the city of Niagara Falls, N. Y,, used prior to 1918 mainly for the receipt of pulp wood brought down the Canadian channel in canal-size lumber barges. This traffic has since been discontinued. The im- provement, while of benefit to sand and gravel suction dredges, scows, canal boats, and excursion steamers of light draft, has not materially affected water-borne freight rates. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1579 Operations and results during fiscal fear.---Annual examination was made in the improved portions of the channel in October, 1922. Maintenance expenditures for harbor supervision, examination, and office expenses were $1,516.85. Conditions at end of fiscal year.-The project is 95 per cent com- pleted. The channel from Tonawanda to the Niagara Falls water- works intake has been completed to its project depth of 11 feet at low-water datum for its full width of 200 feet, but this has shoaled. so in October, 1922, its controlling depth was only 9.7 feet for a least width of 150 feet at Cayuga Island Reef. The project channel from the natural Navy Island Channel to the foot of Sugar Street has been completed except for ledge rock in the downstream 500 feet of Schlos- sers Channel and for scattered bowlders over the remainder. In Octo- ber, 1922, the controlling depth from Navy Island channel to Iro- quois Street was 12 feet, and from thence to Sugar Street 11 feet. The work remaining to be done is the removing of scattered bowl- ders from the channel' and deepening to 13 feet of 500 feet of the downstream end of Schlossers channel. The total expenditure under the existing project was $29,055.26 for new work and $2,000 for maintenance, a total of $31,055.26 from United States funds and $27,562.50 from contributed funds, making a grand total of $58,617.76. Proposed operations.-None. There are no funds available. The removal of shoals and bowlders from the channel between North Tonawanda and Schlossers Dock is necessary and advisable, and for this, and the other usual items of maintenance, funds should be provided for the fiscal year 1925, as follows: Annual examinations------------------------- $200 Harbor supervision, inspection boat and office expenses---------------- 300 Redredging and removing bowlders, including care and repair of dredging plant, U. S. dipper dredge Sodus------------------------------ 2,500 Total ---_3, 000 Total------------------------------------------------------3, 000 This amount exceeds the average cost of annual maintenance for the preceding five years, and exceeds the approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance by $2,000, accounted for by the fact that re- dredging is required only at infrequent intervals. Commercial statistics.-Receipts in 1922 consisted of sand and gravel excavated from the bed of the Niagara River and transported by suction dredges of 8 to 11 feet draft. The shipments consisted of liquid chlorine transported to Buffalo city waterworks intake, east- ern end of Lake Erie, above head of Niagara River. All commerce makes use of the improvement. Comparative statement. By Lake Erie and By Lake Erie and Niagara River. Niagara River. Calendar year, Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1918..................... 94,756 $155,600 1921..... ............... 152,144 $139,847 1919...................... 139,500 93,000 1922......... .. ......... 221,999 224,504 1920.................... 122,423 116,936 There were 3,542 passengers in 1922. 1580 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The increase in freight traffic, both short tons and value, for the calendar year 1922 over that for 1921, is due to increased receipts of sand and gravel. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ----------------------------------------------- $97, 562. 50 Maintenance ---------------------------------------------- 2, 000.00 Net total expended ------------------------------- _ _ 99, 562. 50 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------------- 99, 562. 50 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work......... $138.29 .................. ,...[............... Expended d f maintenance................... 287.10 $100.00 $96.05 $1,516.85 Appropriated or allotted......... 2,000.00 ........ .... ........................ July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------------ $1, 516. 85 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_- 1, 516. 85 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance --------------------------------- 3, 000.00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP B. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $81,618.18: New work------------------------------------------ $12, 296, 902. 57 Maintenance--------------------------------------- 3, 422, 826. 64 Net total expended 719, 729. 21 1-------------------------------- Total appropriations to date of this report------------------16, 742, 646. 29 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 3........ $22, 246. 72 $17, 892.61 $195, 980.40 $231, 887.44 $34, 598. 19 Expended for maintenance 3..... 38, 290. 87 90, 056. 81 310,343. 88 144, 811.25 99,671. 80 Total expended 3.......... 60,537.59 42 107,949. 503,324.28 376, 698. 69 134, 270. 08 Appropriated or allotted......... 808,400. 00 66, 620.00 526,950.14 632,000. 00 263,500.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-------------- $893, 657. 91 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923---------------------------------------- 246, 500. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 30, 1922---------------------------------------- 17, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 _______________ 29. 25 1, 157, 187. 16 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work------------------------------- $34, 598. 19 For maintenance----------------------------- 99, 671. 89 134, 270. 08 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-----------------------------_1, 022, 917.08 1 In addition, the sum of $27,562.50 was expended from contributed funds. 2 Exclusive of available funds. a Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1581 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities_ ____- - __-__- $1, 426. 57 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts--- ---------------------------- 567, 074. 72 $568, 501. 29 July 1, 1923, balance available_______________________-- 454, 415. 79 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance_____________------------------ 171, 000. 00 14. OPERATING AND CARE OF BLACK ROCK CANAL AND LOCK AND FERRY STREET BRIDGE, BUFFALO, N. Y. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Black Rock Channel and Tonawanda Harbor, N. Y. See pages 1571 to 1577, where general information can be found. The work carried on is the operation and mainte- nance of the lock and the Ferry Street Bridge. The lock has been operated and, maintained under the permanent indefinite appropria- tion since August 17, 1914, and the bridge since July 9, 1914. Recommended modification of project.-None. , Operations and results during fiscal year.-The canal and lock were open to navigation during the fiscal year 289 days, being closed 67 days, January 3 to March 10, inclusive, on account of winter, 6 days, March 17-21, inclusive, for underwater cleaning and repairs, and 3 days, April 9-11, 1923, inclusive, power cut off to permit build- ing new pump house. The Ferry Street Bridge was in operation during the fiscal year except for 15 days, January 2-16, 1922, inclusive, when the bridge was closed for repairs to bottom chords of counterweight trusses. A representative of the designers of this bridge, the Strauss Bascule Bridge Co., discovered the bottom angles of these chords were cracked in July, 1922. They were immediately repaired in the emer- gency by electric welding on July 12-13, were temporarily reinforced by additional angles and plates, August 29 to September 21, 1922, and permanently repaired by additional reinforcement placed Jan- uary 3-15, 1923. A section of the Squaw Island Dike was raised and reinforced with material from cellar excavations. A frame storehouse 12 by 24 feet was built on the towpath just south of the bridge, March to May, 1923. During the calendar year 1922 a total of 9,399 vessels includ- ing motor boats and barges, passed through the lock in 4,137 lock- ages. The Ferry Street Bridge was lifted 3,109 times for the passage of 7,833 vessels. The total maintenance expenditure for operation, administration, and repairs was $63,762.35. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The work done consisted in the operation and maintenance of the Black Rock Canal and Lock and Ferry Street Bridge, and reinforcement of Squaw Island Dike. Lock and bridge operating forces have been organized and rules and regulations for the use of the canal and lock made by the Secretary of War. The structures are all in good condition except the tem- porary lock' operating houses, which are now being replaced by new permanent houses. The controlling depth in the canal at the end 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1582 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. of the fiscal year was 18 feet at low-water datum, and the ordinary fluctuations of water surface are about 2 feet; extreme fluctuations in lake 7 feet above and 5 feet below, and at lock 5 feet above and 31 feet below normal. The total expenditure from the indefinite ap- priation has been $528,721.26. Proposed operations.-The lock and the Ferry Street Bridge will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent in- definite appropriation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.--The freight traffic passing through the Black Rock Lock, both bound down and bound up, is that of Black Rock Channel and Tonawanda Harbor, N. Y. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. -Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918......... 1,647,893 $20,928,429 5, 932 1921......... 1,553,102 $25,388,266 14, 826 1919.......... 1,506,779 28,449,101 8, 645 1922........ 2, 20, 274 49,022,540 15, 828 1920.......... 1,888, 08? 40, 789, 896 14,020 NoTE.-The commeroe reported above pertains both to Buffalo Harbor and Tonawanda Harbor, and is separated and reported under the appropriate heading. OLCOTT, CHARLOTTE, GREAT SODUS BAY, LITTLE SODUS BAY, OSWEGO, CAPE VINCENT, AND OGDENSBURG HARBORS, N. Y. (GROUP C.) 15. HARBOR AT OLCOTT, N. Y. (Cl.) Location and description.-Thisharbor consists of a pier-protected channel way, 1,500 feet long and 98 to 180 feet wide, in the mouth of Eighteen Mile Creek, on Lake Ontario, 18 miles east of the mouth of Niagara River and 63 miles by water west of Charlotte Harbor, N. Y. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 2.) Original condition.-There was a depth of about 3 feet over the bar at the mouth of the creek, width unknown. Eighteen Mile Creek was navigable for a distance of about 800 feet. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1867, and was modified by approval of the Chief of Engineers June 18, 1891. The amount expended under this project prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1913 was $179,169.05, of which $140,209.86 was for new work and $38,959.19 for maintenance since 1887. For further details of previous projects, see page 1971 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep and 140 feet wide from the lake to the inner ends of parallel timber crib piers about 200 feet apart, the west pier to be 873 feet long and the east pier 850 feet long; and the maintenance of the west pier for a period of five years, which expired in 1918. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake On- tario, elevation 244.5 feet above mean tide at New York City, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to depth 10 feet on the Lake Survey chart of the locality. Ordinary fluctua- tions of water surface are from 3 feet above to low-water datum, and fluctuations, due to wind, are small. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1912, is $3,000, exclu- sive of amounts expended under previous projects, only one-half of RIVERS AND HARBORS---BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1583 which is to be borne by the United States. The latest (1912) ap- proved estimate for cost of maintenance is $2,500, this being the estimate for maintenance of the west pier for five years. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1867, provided inferentially for the piers and channel 11 feet deep (Annual Report for 1866, Pt. III, p. 15, and Pt. IV, pp. 158 and 159), and the act of March 4, 1913, provided for the channel 12 feet deep and five-year maintenance of the west pier (H. Doc. No. 780, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). This document contains the latest published map. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Project recom- mended for abandonment. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, required a contribution of $1,500 toward the channel excavation by the Buffalo, Lockport & Rochester Transit Co., the maintenance by that company of the portion of the channel adjacent to the part of the east pier occupied by them under a War Department permit, and the repair of any damage to the east pier done by them or on account of their occupation of the piers The company made the required contribution and agreed by letter, dated April 8, 1913, to maintain the pier and channel as stipulated. The unused balance of these funds was transferred to the regular appropriation February 28, 1917. Terminal facilities.-None, except that the United States east pier is used during the summer season for landing of small pleasure craft. Prior to 1915 passenger boats and others carrying small amounts of merchandise landed at the east pier. All ommerce stopped during the war. Under revocable permit, dated December 8, 1922, Capt. K. Hedley is occupying and using as a landing place for pleasure boating parties part of the United States east pier, near its inner end. The facilities are considered adequate for any prospective com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.--Such commerce as existed at this harbor prior to 1915 was made possible by the deepening of Eighteen Mile Creek at its mouth to 12 feet where the original depth in the entrance channel was only 3 feet. Suspension of maintenance of channel depth, due to lack of freight traffic, so that the channel has shoaled to 61 feet, still enables pleasure boats to make use of the harbor, but there has been no freight or passenger traffic since 1914, except the shipment of one airplane in 1915, valued at $20,000, and revival is not probable. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Twenty linear feet of the inner end of superstructure of west pier was repaired with con- crete and the remainder of the pier with timber. Expenditures, $1,712.17. Annual examination was made June 8, 1923, and the ex- penditures for this and for harbor supervision and office expenses were $1,291.83. The total expenditures during the year were $3,004, all for mainte- nance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1918, the five-year period for maintenance of the west pier, which is definitely provided for in the project having expired at the 61637-ENG 1923-100 1584 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. close of the fiscal year 1918. Maintenance of west pier has been con- tinued. The project channel was completed in 1913. The west pier is in fair condition. The east pier is badly decayed. The controlling depth in the channel at the close of the fiscal year was 6.4 feet at low-water datum. The total expenditure under the present project to the end of the fiscal year was $8,500, of which $1,500 was for new work from con- tributed funds and $7,000 for maintenance from United States funds. Proposed operations.-None. There are no funds available. As there has been no commerce at this harbor since 1915 and as there is little prospect of any developing in the future, it is recom- mended that appropriation for this harbor be discontinued, as it is deemed unworthy of further improvement. Commercial statistics.-There has been no commerce since 1915 owing to the war. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work------------ -------------------------- $140, 209. 86 Maintenance-----------------------------------------45, 959. 19 Net total expended---------------------------------- 186, 169. 05 Total apropriations to date of this report _____-____-__ 186, 169. 05 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............. ....... .......... ............ Expended for maintenance 2 $97.40 $470. 99 0. $1 03 $435. 89 $3, 004.00 Appropriated or allotted......... . ... .. ............................ ...... ... 3, 000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended----------------- ------------- $4. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922------------------------------------------ 3, 000. 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance__ 3, 004. 00 16. HARBOR AT CHARLOTTE, N. Y. (C2.) Location and description.-This harbor is on Lake Ontario at the mouth of the Genesee River, 80 miles by water east of the mouth of the Niagara River and 59 miles by water west of Oswego Harbor, N. Y. It consists of a pool at the mouth of the river about 5 miles long and 250 to 450 feet wide with a pier-protected entrance channel from the lake. Charlotte became a ward of the city of Rochester, N. Y., on January 1, 1916. (See U. S. Lake Survey charts Nos. 2 and 241.) Original condition.-Vessels of more than 8-foot. draft could not cross the bar between the lake and the pool. The original width of channel across the bar is unknown. The river was navigable to the upper end of the pool, a distance of about 5 miles from its mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1829, and modified by the river and har- 1 In addition, the sum of $1,500 was expended from contributed funds. 2 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1585 bor act of August 2, 1882, and by authority of the Chief of Engi- neers on July 18, 1896, and March 2, 1897. The amount expended under these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1910 was $865,322.95, of which $247,793.88 was for new work and $617,529.07 for maintenance since 1840. For further details of pre- vious projcts see page 1971 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 20 feet deep and 200 feet wide lakeward of and 150 feet wide between parallel piers of the timber-crib type with concrete superstructure, about 450 feet apart, from the lake to the pool at the mouth of the Genesee River, so as to be at all times available for vessels drawing 18 feet, the west pier to be 3,616 feet long and the east pier 3,109 feet long. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake On- tario, elevation 244.5 feet above mean tide at New York City, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to depth 181 feet on the Lake Survey chart No. 241. Ordinary fluctuations of water surface are from 3 feet above to low-water datum, and fluc- tuations due to winds are small. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1910, is $31,680, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $11,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1829, provided inferentially for construction of the piers and a channel 12 feet deep (Annual Report for 1874, p. 247), modified by the act of August 2, 1882, for exten- sion of piers and deepening channel to 15 feet (Annual Report for 1881, p. 2437), by authority of the Chief of Engineers March 2, 1897, to obtain and maintain a channel not more than 16 feet deep at low water, 200 feet wide (Annual Report for 1897, p. 3270); and by the act of June 25, 1910, for the channel 20 feet deep (H. Doc. No. 342, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); concrete superstructure on piers authorized under maintenance by the Chief of Engineers in 1905 (Annual Re- port for 1905, p. 2393). The latest published maps are in House Document No. 1109, Sixty-fifth Congress, second session, and Lake Survey chart No. 241. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-Those on the west side of the Genesee River are: One trestle, for the shipment of soft coal, located about 3 miles inside the harbor entrance; one car-ferry slip immediately below the coal trestle for the transfer of railroad cars to ferryboats; one wharf adjoining the car-ferry slip for unloading feldspar from vessel to car; a railway passenger and freight wharf, about 1,000 feet long, located 1 mile inside the harbor entrance; one passenger and freight wharf for lake steamers, using part of the inner end of the east United States pier; and one passenger wharf for small excursion and ferry boats, using part of the west pier, both being under permits. There is one lumber wharf on the east side of the Genesee River, opposite the New York Central Railroad Co. wharf. The Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh Railway connects with the first three named terminals and the New York Central with the fourth and last named. Generally the wharves are privately owned, but are open to all char- tered water carriers on equal terms. 1586 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. There are no modern facilities for handling freight and no public docks. These facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made_ the com- mercial development of Charlotte Harbor possible, in that it has changed the entrance to Genesee River, as stated in the paragraph Original condition, so as to increase the admissible draft of vessels from 8 to 19 feet. Use of larger and deeper draft vessels has resulted in reduction in water-borne freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging in entrance channel for restoration of project depth and width was done by U. S, dipper dredge Sodus and attendant plant; 73,601 cubic yards, scow measure, sand and silt, were removed. Expendi- tures, $8,493.19. Annual examinations, channel conditions, were made in November, 1922, and May, 1923. Expenditures, $214.63. Expenditures for harbor supervision, inspection, and contingencies, including $13,000, share of cost of new steel dump scows, were $14,399.95. The total expenditures were $23,107.77, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1913. The piers were completed in 1895 and the dredging in 1913. The wooden superstructure has been replaced with concrete on 2,699 feet of the east pier and 3,036 feet of the west pier. The portions of the piers having concrete superstructure are in good condition, and the remaining 580 feet at the inner end of the west pier shoreward of the shore line are gone above water and are re- garded as not required for harbor protection. Of the remaining 410 feet at the inner end of the east pier, 326 feet at the southerly end are maintained temporarily by the New York Naval Militia and city of Rochester and the 84 feet next north by the Chain Ferry Co. The channel is unstable and requires annual redredging to maintain the necessary depth. The controlling depth in the channel between deep water in Lake Ontario and deep water in the Genesee River above the inner ends of the piers, shown by soundings taken May 18, 19, 1923, is 17.4 feet at low-water datum. The toal expenditures under the existing project were $137,829.50, of which $21,808.10 was for new work and $116,021.40 for main- tenance. Proposed operation's.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended balance, amounting to $14,635.25, as follows: Annual examination, May, 1924___ $250. 00 Redredging, including care and repair of dredging plant and share of cost of new steel hull for U. S. dipper dredge Sodus, $4,500, July-August, 1923---- 300. 00 1------------------------- Harbor supervision, inspection boat and office expenses------------ 1, 085. 25 Total- 4, 635. 25 1------------------------- The funds available will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1924. The pier repair plant should be maiainined in serviceable condi- tion by replacing the old wooden hull of derrick boat No. 9 with a new steel hull, and replacing 61old wooden deck barges with one new RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1587 steel deck barge. Redredging of the harbor is required annually and for this with the other items of maintenance, funds should be pro- vided for the fiscal year 1925, as follows: Annual examination -------------------------------------- $250 Harbor supervision, inspection boat and office expenses------------- 1, 750 Redredging, including care and repair of dredging plant, U. S. dipper dredge Sodus ---------------------------------------- 9, 000 Share of cost of new steel hull for derrick No. 2 and new steel deck barge, contract ------------------------------ -- 9, 000 Total------------___------------------------------20, 000 This amount exceeds the average annual cost of maintenance for the preceding five years, and exceeds the approved estimate for an- nual cost of maintenance by $9,000, accounted for by item for new steel derrick hull and new steel deck barge, which are considered necessary and urgent. Commercial statistics.-- The principal receipts in order of their value consisted of pulp wood, lumber, feldspar, newsprint paper, miscellaneous, mechanical wood pulp, sulphite fiber, household ef- fects, cattle hides, films, lath, cements, sole leather, pressed fruits, walnut meats, manufactures of wood, cotton waste, horses, manufac- tures of iron and steel, manufactures of metal, manufactures of cop- per, cattle, chemical preparations and medicines; and the shipments were bituminous coal, anthracite coal, cameras and camera parts, paper and paper products, pyroxylin and manufactures of pyroxylin, fruit pulp, sensitized films, cotton rags, photographic apparatus, lubricating oils and greases, molasses, photographic lenses, iron and steel products, salt, dental equipment, machine parts, telephone apparatus, railway equipment, zinc oxide, fire-clay bricks, laundry machines, household effects, optical goods, etc. Of the freight traffic of the port, 62.8 per cent was nonmetallic minerals, 18.6 per cent wood and paper, 10 per cent unclassified, 2.8 per cent vegetable food products, 2 per cent chemicals, 1.1 per cent textiles, 1 per cent ores, metals, and manufactures of, 0.9 per cent machinery and vehicles, and 0.8 per cent animals and animal products. All of the foreign receipts and shipments were by car ferry, which operates during the entire year between Charlotte (Rochester) and Cobourg, Ontario, Canada. Passengers are also carried. All of the hard coal, and 86.7 per cent of the soft coal shipments were by car ferry; 13.3 per cent of the soft coal were coastwise shipments. Comparative statement. By lake and internal. By car ferry. Year. Passengers. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1918 ................. ................. 842,655 $3,453,382 839,120 $7,224,912 22, 506 1919 ................................. 210,504 908,984 624,957 5,001,307 29,480 1920................................ 1526, 991 13 035,651 947,157 13,492,040 47,127 1921..... ................................ 277,030 472 997 498,899 4,780,950 37 183 1922.................................... .. 870,965 8380,372 562,505 5,048,628 32,555 1Includes 142,334 tons, value $974,987, internal traffic. s Includes 75,526 tons, value $463,534 internal traffic. * Includes 70,965 tons, value $380,372, internal traffic. 1588 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The decrease in freight traffic, both short tons, and value, by lake and internal, 1922 under 1921, is due to lower unit price of soft coal, being $5.35 for 1922 compared to $6.14 per short ton for 1921. Increase in short tons and value, by car ferry, same period, is due to larger shipments of soft coal, even though at lower unit price. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $7,122.74: New work ---------------------- $269, 601. 98 Maintenance--------------- ------------------------ 733, 550. 47 Net total expended--------------------------------1, 003, 152. 45 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------- 1, 017, 787. 70 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work... ...... ......................................... Expended for maintenance ..... $9, 462.33 $17,322.43 $20, 672.51 $7, 888.87 $23,107.77 Appropriated or allotted..........23,000.00 10,000.00 12,000.00 22,000.00 15,500.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended __-------------------_ - $15, 743. 02 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923--------- -------------------------------- 15, 500. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922_ ----- 6, 500. 00 37, 743. 02 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 23, 107. 77 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ---------------------------- 14, 635. 25 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ------------------------------ 8. 08 July 1, 1923, balance available ----------------------------- 14, 627. 17 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance-___---- 20, 000. 00 17. HARBOR AT GREAT SODUS BAY, N. Y. (C3.) Location and description.-This is a nearly landlocked bay on the south shore of Lake Ontario, 29 miles by water west of Oswego Har- bor, N. Y. The bay has a pier-protected entrance channel and is 4 miles long and one-half to 2J miles wide, with a depth up to 40 feet. (See U. S. Lake Survey charts Nos. 2 and 234.) Original condition.-The bay was nearly landlocked and was sepa- rated from the lake by a bar which extended entirely across the entrance, a distance of about 1,150 yards, on which was a limiting depth of about 6 feet at low water. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1829, and modified by the river and har- bor act of June 23, 1866. The amount expended under these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1882 was $361,771.80, 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y.Y DISTRICT. 1589 all for new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1972 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an entrance channel 15J feet deep and 150 feet wide, between parallel piers, flaring to 250 feet wide in Lake Ontario, the piers to be of the timber-crib type, with concrete superstructure, 450 feet apart, the west pier to be 1,580 feet long and the east pier 1,294 feet long, connected at its inner end with a timber- crib-concrete breakwater 1,438 feet long. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake On- tario, elevation 244.5 feet above mean tide at New York City, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to depth 14 feet on Lake Survey chart No. 234. Ordinary fluctuations of water surface are from 3 feet above to low-water datum, and fluctua- tions due to wind are small. The estimated cost for new work, made in 1882, is $100,000, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $8,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1829, provided inferentially for the piers and breakwater (Annual Report for 1876, Pt. II, 589), modified in 1833 to provide for a channel 150 feet wide and 15 feet deep (Annual Report for 1874, p. 253), modified in 1882 for extending the piers to the 15-foot contour in the lake (Annual Report for 1881, p. 2442), modified to restore and maintain the channel of present dimen- sions without further extension of the piers for the present (Annual Report for 1897, p. 3274); concrete superstructure on piers and breakwater authorized under maintenance by the Chief of Engineers March 25, 1907 (Annual Report for 1908, p. 2194). The latest pub- lished map is in the Annual Report for 1894, page 2468, and Lake Survey chart No. 234. Recommended modifications of projects.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions were imposed by law at the time of adoption of the project. The following work has been done for the benefit of the public with funds supplied by other sources than Congress: In 1911 the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. (Northern Cen- tral division) did some dredging in channel across the bar in front of its coal trestle, where the minimum depth was about 13 feet, and made a channel 500 feet long, 40 feet wide, and 14 feet deep, 700 cubic yards of sand being removed at a cost of $136.26. Terminal facilities.-The Pennsyvania Railroad Co. (Northern Central division) owns and operates a trestle for the shipment of hard and soft coal, located on the west side of Great Sodus Bay, 11 miles inside the harbor entrance. The railroad company also owns a wharf about 200 feet long, located about five-eighths of a mile north- easterly from the coal trestle, which is known as the Sodus Point lake shore station. It has a small freight house and a derrick and hoisting engine for unloading freight. The terminals are open to use by all chartered water carriers on equal terms. There are no public docks. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) 1590 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made the commer- cial development of this harbor possible by providing an entrance channel to the bay of a depth sufficient to accommodate vessels of 14 feet draft, operated in connection with a coal-loading trestle oper- ated by the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. for coal transportation be- tween the harbor and Canadian lake and St. Lawrence River ports. Use by larger and deeper-draft vessels has resulted in reduction in water-borne freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging in the entrance channel to restore project depth and width, was done by U. S. dipper dredge Sodus and attendant plant, September 6 to 20, 1922; 10,900 cubic yards, scow measure, of sand were removed. Expenditures, $3,508.88. Examinations of channel conditions were made in November, 1922, and May, 1923. Expenditures, $136.11. Expenditures for harbor supervision and repairs to floating plant, including $6,500.82; share of cost of three new steel dump scows, were $9,907.97. Total expenditures were $13,552.96, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is completed. The structures are all of the timber-crib type. The superstructure of the piers and 373 feet at the west end of the east breakwater have been replaced with concrete. The east breakwater, 1,680 feet, and the west breakwater, 495 feet long, were completed about 1834; the west pier in 1884; the east pier in 1886, and the dredging in 1890. The piers are in good condition except the lake face of one 30-foot crib in the west pier has been breached and the remaining 900 linear feet of lake face of the outer end of this pier needs riprapping to prevent further breaching. The timber superstructure on both the breakwaters is badly decayed. The controlling depth in the entrance channel at the close of the fiscal year was 13.4 feet at low-water datum. The channel is un- stable and requires annual redredging to maintain the project depth. The total expenditures under the existing project were $321,144.47, of which $46,480 was for new work and $274,664.47 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance un- expended July 1, 1923, amounting to $28,568.53 as follows: Annual examination, May, 1924------------------------------- $138. 72 Redredging, including care and repair of dredging plant, and share of cost of new hull for U. S. dipper dredge Sodus, $3,000, July, 1923_ 8,901. 00 Share of cost of 3 new steel dump scows---------------------- 2,499. 18 Replacing 200 linear feet of old wooden superstructure on breakwater with concrete, United States pier repair plant, June, 1924-------- 4, 000. 00 Riprapping about 750 linear feet of west face of west pier, U. S. der- rick boat No. 2, July-August, 1923_ ___ ---------- ---------------- 11, 803. 54 Harbor supervision, inspection boat and office expenses_----------- 1, 226. 09 Total----------------- --------------------------- 28, 568. 53 The funds available will be expended or obligated by 'June 30, 1924. The pier repair plant should be maintained in serviceable condi- tion by replacing the old wooden hull of derrick boat No. 2 with a new steel hull, and by replacing old wooden-deck barges with one new steel-deck barge. Redredging is required annually and for these and other items of maintenance funds should be provided for the Sfiscal year 1925, as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y. DISTRICT. 1591 Annual examination -- --------------------- $150 ------------ Harbor supervision, inspection boat, and office expenses ------------- 1, 350 Redredging, including care and repair of dredging plant, U. S. dipper dredge Sodus ------------------------------------------ , 500 Share of cost of new steel derrick hull and new steel-deck barge, con- tract------- --------------------------------------- 13, 000 Replacing 865 linear feet of old wooden superstructure on breakwater with concrete, United States pier repair plant_ ..... _____---- 17, 000 Total ----------------------------------------- 38, 000 This amount exceeds the average annual cost of maintenance for the preceding five years, and exceeds the approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance by $30,000, accounted for by items for new steel derrick hull and deck barge, and replacing 865 linear feet of old wooden superstructure on breakwater with concrete, both of which are considered necessary and urgent. Commercial statistics.-The village of Sodus Point, N. Y., the terminus of the Sodus Bay Branch, Northern Central division, Pennsylvania Railroad, is located on this harbor. There were no receipts. The exports to Canadian ports consisted of hard and soft coal. Internal shipments were soft coal, all traffic being carried in vessels of 12 to 15 feet draft. All commerce makes use of the improvement. Comparative statement. By lake. By lake. Calendar year. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1918..................... 35,932 $164,967 1921................. ..... 160,612 $822,973 1919...................... 165,772 622,356 1922..................... 118,835 620,681 1920 ...................... 19,636 123,971 The decrease in freight traffic, both short tons and value, for 1922 under 1921, is due to decreased shipments of hard and soft coal, both foreign and domestic. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,363.40: New work_-- ----------------- -------------------- $408,251. 80 Maintenance--------------------------------------- 274, 664. 47 Net total expended--__-------------------- ----- 682, 916. 27 Total appropriations to date of this report__----__--------- 711, 484. 80 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work..................... ................. Expended for maintenance 1..... $14,121.67 $10, 045.74 $2, 292.08 $10, 687. 76 $13, 552.96 Appropriated or allotted.......... 7,000.00 8, 000.00 4,000.00 12,000.00 30,000.00 'Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1592 / REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended----- ---------------------- $12, 121. 49 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2,1923 ------------------------------------------- 25, 500. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922--------.---------------4, 500. 00 42, 121. 49 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 13, 552. 96 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------------------------- 28, 568. 53 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts------------ 3, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available ----------------------------- 25, 568. 53 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance-------------- ------------------ 38, 000. 00 18. HARBOR AT LITTLE SODUS BAY, N. Y. (C4.) Location and description.-This is a nearly landlocked bay 15 miles by water west of Oswego Harbor, N. Y., 21 miles long, one- third to five-eighths mile wide, connected with Lake Ontario by an entrance channel 2,300 feet long, 150 feet wide, and 151 feet deep at low-water datum, protected by timber-crib piers 250 feet apart. (See U. S. Lake Survey charts Nos. 2 and 227.) Original condition.-The bay is 18 to 50 feet deep and was origi- nally connected with the lake by a channel about 150 feet wide and 18 inches deep. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 30, 1852, and modified by river and har- bor acts of June 23, 1866, and March 3, 1871. The amount expended under these projects prior to the adoption of the existiug project in 1882 was $232,327.75, all for new work. For further details of pre- vious project see page 1973 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an entrance channel 15 feet deep and 150 feet wide from the lake to the bay between parallel piers of the timber-crib type with concrete superstructure, about 250 feet apart, the west pier to be 1,747 feet long and the east pier 1,810 feet long, connected at its inner end with a timber-crib con- crete breakwater 1,680 feet long. The project depth is referred to low-water datum for Lake Ontario, elevation 244.5 feet above mean tide at New York City, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. This depth corresponds to depth 14 feet on Lake Survey chart No. 227. Ordinary fluctuations of water surface ,are from 3 feet above to low-water datum and fluctuations due to wind are small. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1882, is $80,000, exclu- sive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $8,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 30, 1852, provided inferentially for the piers (Annual Report for 1874, p. 256), modified in 1871 to provide for the east pier 250 feet from the west pier and the connect- ing east breakwater (Annual Report for 1871, p. 234), modified in 1881 to provide for extending the piers to the 15-foot contour in the lake and for a channel 15 feet deep (Annual Report for 1881, p. 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1593 2444), modified by the Chief of Engineers August 29, 1898, to re- store and maintain the entrance channel 150 feet wide and 154 feet deep without further extension of the piers for the present (Annual Report for 1899, p. 546), modified by the act of June 13, 1902, to provide for east pier extension of 300 feet (Annual Report for 1901, p. 3564), concrete superstructure on piers and breakwater authorized under maintenance by the Chief of Engineers in 1905 and 1907 (An- nual Report for 1905, p. 2397, and for 1907, p. 2121).. The latest pub- lished map is in the Annual Report for 1881, p. 2446, and Lake Survey chart No. 227. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. About $6,000 was ex: pended in 1857 by the Ontario Bay Harbor Improvement Association in dredging the channel in amplification of Government dredging. Terminal facilities.-The Lehigh Valley Railroad Co. owns and operates a trestle for the shipment of hard coal, located on the east side of Little Sodus Bay three-fourths of a mile inside the harbor entrance. The railroad company also owns a wharf about 300 feet long located just south of the coal trestle, which is known as the Fair Haven Station. It has no equipment for handling freight of any kind and has not been used for several years. The terminals are open to use by the chartered water carriers on equal terms. There :are no public docks. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made the com- mercial development of this harbor possible by providing entrance channel to the bay of a depth sufficient to accommodate vessels of 14 feet draft operated in connection with a coal-loading trestle opera- ated by the Lehigh Valley Railroad Co. for coal transportation be- tween the harbor and Canadian lake and St. Lawrence River ports. Use by larger and deeper draft vessels has resulted in reduction in water-borne freight rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The breached crib, on west pier, was repaired by use of government plant, hired labor, and purchase of materials. Two hundred short tons of riprap stone were placed along the lake face, and about 35 cubic yards of concrete in bags in the channel face, of the breached crib, and crib and super- structure filled with gravel and cobble stones. Expenditures, $2,- 114.15. Maintenance dredging in entrance channel for restoration of pro- ject depth and width was done by use of U. S. dipper dredge Sodus and attendant plant, between September 22 and October 14, 1922, 20,650 cubic yards, scow measure, of sand were dredged. Expendi- tures, $4,481. Examinations were made in November, 1922, and May, 1923, of the entrance channel. Expenditures, $105.66. Ex- penditures for harbor supervision, inspection, and contingencies were $1,051.18. The total expenditures were $7,751.99, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is completed. The structures are all of the timber crib type, the piers and 1,600 feet of the east breakwater having concrete superstructure. The west and east piers were completed in 1886 and 1906, respectively, and the dredging in 1896. The piers and the part of the east break- 1594 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. water having concrete superstructure are in good condition except the lake face of one crib and both lake and channel faces in a second crib in west pier, each 30 feet long, have been breached, and have been repaired with riprap and concrete. The outer 1,200 linear feet of west pier needs riprapping along the lake face to prevent further breaching. The timber superstructure of the re- maining 80 linear feet at the east end of the east breakwater is decayed but rebuilding is not considered necessary. The west break- water is buried in sand and not maintained. The controlling depth is 13.6 feet at low-water datum for a channel width of 75 feet. The channel is unstable and requires re- dredging annually. The total expenditure under the present project to the end of the fiscal year was $335,754.38, of which $69,066.20 was for new work and $266,688.18 was for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1923, amounting to $37,680.60, as follows: Annual examination, May, 1924 _____-__---__--_-_ $151. 31 Redredging, including care and repair of dredging plant and share of cost of new steel hull for U. S. dipper dredge Sodus, $3,000, July 1923---------- --------------------------------- 8, 000. 00 Share of cost of 3 new steel dump scows______________------ 9, 000. 00 Riprapping about 1,20q linear feet of west face of west pier to prevent breaching U. S. derrick boat No. 2, July, 1923------------18,000. 00 Harbor supervision, inspection boat, and office expenses----------- 2, 529. 29 Total ----------------- --------------------------- 37, 680. 60 The funds available will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1924. The pier repair plant should be maintained in serviceable con- dition by replacing the old wooden hull of derrick boat No. 9 with a new steel hull, and by replacing old wooden deck barges with one new steel deck barge. Redredging is required annually, and for these, with the other items of maintenance, funds should be provided for the fiscal year 1925, as follows: Annual examinations -------------------------------------- $150 Harbor supervision, inspection boat, and office expenses 350 1---------------, Redredging, including care and repair of dredging plant, U. S. dipper dredge Sodus --- __- ____.-.- - -__---__ 6, 500 Share of cost of new steel derrick hull and new steel deck barge, contract ------------------------------------ 13, 000 Total -------------- ------------------------------ 21, 000 This amount exceeds the average annual cost of maintenance for the preceding five years, and exceeds the approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance by $13,000, accounted for by item for new steel derrick hull and deck barge, which are considered neces- sary and urgent. Commercial statistics.-The village of Fair Haven, N. Y., the terminus of the Auburn division, Lehigh Valley Railroad, is located on this harbor. All freight traffic, 1922, was exports to Canadian ports consisting of hard coal, all traffic being carried in vessels of 12 to 14 feet draft. All commerce makes use of the improvement. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1595 Comparative statement. By lake. By lakes. Year. Year. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1918 .................... 112,769 $671,238 1921..................... 81,534 $798,160 1919 ..................... 92,719 718,811 1922..................... 34,305 379,374 1920 .................... 132,625 1,149,923 The decrease in freight traffic, both short tons and value, for 1922 under 1921, is due to the decreased foreign shipment of hard coal. There were no domestic shipments. Financial summary. A mount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $853.97: New work ---------------- -- $301, 393. 95 Maintenance_________________________266, 688. 18 Net total expended --------------------------------- 568, 082. 13 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 605, 762. 73 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.................... Expended for maintenance 1..... $6, 575.07 $7, 799. 52 $9,788. 83 $7,082. 46 87, 751. 99 Appropriated Appropriated or allotted...,...... or allotted........ 4,000.00 ,, .,, 8, 000.00 8,000.00 12, 000.00 33,000.00 . 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------------------------- $12, 432. 59 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923----------------------------------- 28, 500. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 30, 1922_- _ --------------- 4, 500. 00 145, 432. 59 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenence_ 7, 7531. 99 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------------------------- 37, 680. 60 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts---------- 9, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available ----- -------------------- 28, 680. 60 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance------------------------------- 121, 000. 00 19. HARBOR AT OSWEGO, N. Y. (C5.) Location and description.-This harbor, 59 miles by water east of Charlotte Harbor, N. Y., comprises the lower 2,200 feet of the Oswego River, about 350 feet wide, the cove at its mouth, about 1,000 feet long and 200 feet wide, and an outer breakwater-protected har- bor in Lake Ontario 5,000 feet long and 600 feet wide. (See U. S. Lake Survey charts Nos. 2 and 22.) 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1596 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Original condition.-The harbor consisted of the lower part of the river and the cove at its mouth, this cove having no protection against the lake seas. It was navigable for light-draft boats for a distance of three-fourths of a mile upstream. The original depth- and width of the channel are unknown. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1827, and was modified by the river and harbor acts of March 2, 1831; June 23, 1866; July 25, 1868; July 11, 1870; March 3, 1881; the sundry civil act of March 3, 1893; and the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894. The total expenditure under these projects prior to the adoption of the present project in 1896 was $1,831,819.64, of which $1,468,939.71 was for new work and $362,879.93 for maintenance since 1881. For further details of previous projects, see page 1973 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an entrance channel 23 feet deep; for a timber-crib breakwater with stone riprap and concrete superstructure 6,031 feet long, with a gap 75 feet wide near the west end to form an outer harbor; for deepening the outer harbor to 21 feet, 600 feet wide in the eastern portion to coal trestle and to 16 feet and 150 feet wide along the breakwater west of coal trestle; for an inner harbor 151 feet deep in the mouth of Oswego River up to the north line of Seneca Street, 400 to 500 feet wide, except where divided by two islands into two channels 200 and 100 feet wide; for an inner west breakwater and lighthouse pier 1,657 feet long of tim- ber-crib type; and an inner east breakwater 750 feet long of timber- crib type. The project depths are referred to low-water datum for Lake On- tario, elevation 244.5 feet above mean tide at New York City, 2 feet below mean lake level, 1860-1875. These depths correspond to depths 21 , 19 , 14, and 14 feet on Lake Survey chart No. 22. Ordinary fluctuations of water surface are from 3 feet above to low-water datum, and fluctuations due to wind are small. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, is $950,000. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $17,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1827, provides inferentially for the east and west inner breakwaters (Annual Report for 1874, pp. 261, 262), modified by the act of March 2, 1831, to provide for the west breakwater pierhead (Annual Report for 1874, pp. 261, 262), and by the act of July 25, 1868, to provide for the construction of the lighthouse pier (Annual Report for 1868, pp. 46, 247); the act of July 11, 1870, provided inferentially for the outer breakwater to form the outer harbor (Annual Report for 1870, pp. 54, 220, 221), modi- fied by the act of March 2, 1907, for stone riprap and concrete super- structure under plan (a) (H. Doc. No. 55, 58th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of September 19, 1890, provided inferentially for the deepening of the entrance channel and the outer harbor to 16 feet (Annual Report for 1892, p. 2592, and for 1904, p. 626); the sundry civil act of March 3, 1893, provided for the deepening of the inner harbor in the mouth of Oswego River to 151 feet (Annual Report for 1893, p. 3152), modified by the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894, for extension upstream (Annual Report for 1895, p. 3211), by authorization of the Chief of Engineers March 6, 1897, for further RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1597 extension upstream, and removal of part of upper island (Annual Report for 1897, p. 3280), and to the north line of Seneca Street, April 20, 1904 (Annual Report for 1904, p. 3346) ; the act of March 2, 1919, provided for deepening the entrance to the outer harbor to 23 feet, and of the eastern part of outer harbor as far west as Dela- ware, Lackawanna & Western coal trestle to 21 feet (H. Doc. No. 570, 65th Cong., 2d sess., Areas C and A). The latest published maps are in Annual Report for 1916 and Lake Survey chart No. 22. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. Work for the benefit of the public with funds supplied by other sources thari Congress has been done, as follows: In 1846 and 1847 the east breakwater was repaired and a gravel bar at the mouth of the river was removed at the expense of private citizens; cost unknown. In 1852 the maintenance of the east breakwater was undertaken by the Gerrit Smith estate, and it has been so maintained to date. In 1855 dredging to deepen the river channel was done by the city of Oswego at an expense of $10,000. From 1914 to 1918 the State of New York constructed two Barge Canal terminals, one in the outer and one in the inner harbor. Cost, $451,557. In 1916 the State of New York deepened the approach to the canal basin in the river at Bridge Street to 12 feet; cost unknown. Terminal facilities.-The freight traffic is cared for nearly equally at terminals in the outer harbor behind the outer breakwater, and in the inner harbor in the mouth of the Oswego River inside the inn:r breakwater. There is no passenger traffic. The terminals in the outer harbor are: The Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad Co. trestle, for the shipment of hard coal, lo- cated at the foot of West Third Street, this company also operating a lumber wharf at the same location. There are in addition two lumber wharves, one owned by the' Standard Oil Co., the other by the Diamond Match Co. The terminals in the inner harbor are: The New York, Ontario & Western Railroad Co. trestle for the shipment of hard coal, one pulp-wood wharf, three lumber wharves, and one passenger wharf. The above terminals are all owned and operated by corporations and private parties, and are open to use on equal terms by all water carriers chartered to transport the class of freight handled. They all have railroad connections except the lumber wharves on the lower and upper islands, Oswego River. There are also two terminals owned by the State of New York, forming part of the Barge Canal system. The larger terminal is located in the outer harbor at the foot of West First Street, and is designed to accommodate the largest Lake ve.ssels. An appropria- tion of $1,300,000 has recently been made by the State to build a 1,000,000-bushel grain elevator, which will be completed about June 30, 1924. A contract has also been let to construct a large freight house on the east side of this terminal for handling and storing package freight. This terminal has railroad connections. The small r terminal is located on the east side of the Oswego River between Seneca and Cayuga Streets. It will accommodate barges drawing 12 feet, and has no railroad connections. These terminals 1598 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, UT. S. ARMY, 1923. are public and the teams and conditions of use are covered by the terminal act of the State of New, York, Laws of 1911, chapter 746. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of-improvement.-The improvement has made the commer- cial development of Oswego Harbor possible in that the channels have been changed by the deepening of the Oswego River inner har- bor to accommodate vessels of 15 feet draft, and by the creation of an outer harbor by a breakwater over 1 mile long so as to afford a refuge for vessels navigating between St. Lawrence River and Lake Ontario ports, and also a basin for operating vessels of 15 feet draft in connection with a coal-loading trestle operated by the Dela- ware, Lackawanna & Western Coal Co., and also a large freight terminal for the New York State Barge Canal. The improvement is considered to have had an effect in controlling freight rates on bulk commodities. Operations and results during fiscal year.-New work: Dredging by U. S. dipper dredge Sodus and attendant plant of the entrance to outer harbor to 23 feet, low-water datum, and of a part of the eastern end of the outer harbor east of the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western coal trestle to 21 feet began April 28, 1923, and was in progress at the end of the fiscal year. Seventy-three thousand two hundred and eighty-six cubic yards, scow measure, of mud and sand were removed. Expenditures, $8,896.18. Three 400-cubic yard steel dump scows under contract were in progress of fabrication at Beaver Falls, Pa., and erection at Oswego, N. Y. One scow is about 85 per cent completed, and material for the erection of the other two was being received at Oswego. Expendi- tures of $55,964 were made ($20,463.18 new work and $35,500.82 maintenance), of which $17,463.18 is charged to Oswego and the rest distributed among various harbors in the district. Work of replacing 450 linear feet of wooden superstructure by use of Government plant, hired labor, and purchase of material on lake arm of outer breakwater with concrete was begun in June, 1923. A section of the old superstructure just west of the gap had been removed, and 227 cubic yards of concrete were placed. Expendi- tures, $2,601.61. Maintenance: Repairs were made by hired labor to the old timber parts of the outer breakwater on lake and shore arms 'by repairing planking, slushing with concrete where planking had rotted away, and placing 1,200 tons of riprap stone along lake face of lake arm. Expenditures, $7,750.25. Redredging along the west side of Oswego River channel to re- store project depth was done in October, 1922, by U. S. dipper dredge Sodus and attendant plant; 3,850 cubic yards, scow measure, of stone and sand were removed. Expenditures, including care and repair of dredging plant, were $8,554.47. Examination of channel conditions was made in November, 1922, and May, 1923. Expenditures, $379.44. Expenditures for harbor supervision, inspection, and contingencies were $3,288.51. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, 'N Y., DISTRICT. 1599 The total expenditures for the year were $48,933.64, of which $28,960.97 was for new work and $19,972.67 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 89 per cent completed. Work under the existing project has been the construction of an inner breakwater across the cove at the mouth of the river, with a 350-foot opening as an entrance-the west arm 1,093 feet long, the east arm 750 feet long--construction of a lighthouse pier 564 feet long, extending north from the east end of the westerly arm of the inner breakwater; construction of an outer breakwater 6,032 feet long, of which 916 feet is a shore arm at the western end and 246 feet is a return toward the lighthouse pier at the eastern end; deepening by dredging of the harbor entrance to 23 feet and by dredging and rock removal of the outer harbor to 16 feet at low-water datum, and the inner harbor in the mouth of the Oswego River to 151 feet at low- water datum. The structures are of the timber-crib type, the outer breakwater having a heavy riprap protection on lake face, and 3,894.5 linear feet of its timber superstructure replaced by concrete. The dredged area of the outer harbor between the outer breakwater and the harbor line is about 30 acres in extent. The repair of the outer breakwater under plan (a) has been 80 per cent completed, and narrowing the gap in the outer breakwater 56 per cent completed. The project of deepening the lower part of the Oswego River was indefinite as to extent. The deepening of entrance channel to 23 feet is completed, and of the basin at the east end of the outer harbor to 21 feet is 25 per cent completed. The timber superstructure of the outer breakwater is badly decayed, other parts being in good condition. The west arm of the inner breakwater, now only 505 feet long, a part having been removed for New York State Barge Canal Terminal, is in poor condition. The east arm is maintained by the Gerrit Smith estate. The controlling depth in the entrance channel is 23 feet, in basin at east end of outer harbor is 15 to 21 feet, and in the inner harbor 151 feet at low-water datum. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is the completion of repair bf outer breakwater, the dredging of the east end of the outer harbor to 21 feet depth at low-water datum, and the building of the outer east breakwater, the last item not being considered necessary under present conditions of commerce. The total expenditures under the existing project was $1,226,911.60, of which $840,360.69 was for new work and $386,550.91 for mainte- nance. Proposed operations.--It is proposed to apply the unexpended balance, July 1, 1923, amounting to $67,352.75, as follows: New work: Deepening entrance to and the east end of outer har- bor, U. S. dipper dredge Sodus, including care and repair of dredging plant, July, 1923 -- ______$9, 977. 99 Replacing 450 linear feet of old wooden superstruc- ture on lake arm, outer breakwater, with concrete, United States pier repair plant and U. S. derrick boat No. 2, September-October, 1923-------_-- 22, 581.41 $32, 559. 40 61637--ENG 1923---101 1600 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Maintenance; Annual examination, May, 1924.-,_-_ ... __ e - $751. 52 Redredging, including care and repair of dredging plant and share of cost of new steel hull for U. S. dipper dredge Sodus, $4,500, May, 1924__, 15, 000. 00 Share of cost of 3 new steel dump scows- _----- _ 3, 536. 82 Maintenance of old wooden structures, including lighthouse pier,' July-November, 1923, U. S. derrick boat No. 2----..----..-----. --- ---.--- 10, 776. 96 Harbor supervision, care and repair of floating plant and property, inspection. boat, and office expenses, 4 728. 05 ---- $34, 793.35 Total-------- --------------------------------- 67, 352. 75 The funds available will be expended or obligated by June 30, 1924. The replacing of the old timber superstructure on: the outer break- water with concrete, under plan (a) (H. Doc. No. 55, 58th Cong., 2d sess.), is urgent on the most decayed portions. The pier repair plant should be maintained in serviceable condition by replacing the old wooden hull of derrick boat No. with a new steel hull- 2 and by replacing old wooden deck barges with one new steel deck barge. Redredging is required annually, and for these, with the other usual items of maintenance, funds should be provided for the fiscal year 1925, as follows: New work: Replacing 860 linear feet of old wooden superstructure on lake arm, outer breakwater, with concrete, United States pier repair plant and derrick boat No. 2------------------------- _ $25, 000 Maintenance: Annual examinations ----- ----------- -------------- $500 Harbor supervision, care and repair of floating plant and property, inspection boat and office expenses--------- 3, 500 Redredging, including care and repair of dredging plant, U. S. dipper dredge Sodus----- -------------------- 6, 500 Maintenance of old wooden structures, including lighthouse pier, United States pier repair plant ---------------- 6, 500 Share of cost of new steel derrick hull and one steel deck barge, contract --------------------------------- 20, 000 37, 000 Total ---------------------------------------------- 62, 000 The amount requested for maintenance exceeds the average annual cost of maintenance for the preceding five years, and exceeds the approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance by $20,000, ac- counted for by item for new steel derrick hull and deck barge, which are considered necessary and urgent. Commercial statistic.--The receipts in order of their value con- sisted of pulp wood, miscellaneous, and vegetable food products, and the shipments were anthracite coal, chemicals, machinery, and a small amount of furniture. Of the freight traffic of the port, 90 per cent is hard coal and 10 per cent is pulp wood, chemicals machinery, miscellaneous, and vegetable food products, all of which is carried in vessels drawing 10 to 15 feet. Ninety-six per cent of coal shipped went to Canadian ports, and 4 per cent went to United States ports on the St. Lawrence. RIVERS AND, HAttBOItS--IUFFALO, N, Y., DiSTRITr: 1601 Comparative statenent.. By ale. By New York State Barge Canal. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1918................................................... 516,111 $3,577,377 6,906 $212,269 1919 ..................... ..... .......... 463, 749 3, 719, 041 7, 516 176, 412 1920 ..................................... . ... ... 453, 734 4, 377,368 5,027 121, 57& 1921 ...... .......................................... 358, 193 3, 588,756 18, 946 916, 148 1922............ ........................... 224, 548 2,197,663 (1) (1t No passengers carried. 1 No freight traffic, receipts, or shipments during calendar year. The decrease in freight traffic, both short tons and value, for 1922 under 1921, is mainly due to smaller imports' of pulp wood, and fewer shipmenteof hard coal and phosphate rock. Financial:s nmary. Amount expended on all projects to June 80, 1923, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,021.30: New work 2, 309, o0. 40 $--------------------- Maintenance------------ ---------------------------- 749, 430. 84 Net total expended------- ------------------------- 3, 058, 731,24 Total appropriations to date of this report __-______-- -- __ 3, 126, 083. 99 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 . . . .. . . . Expended for new work' $8, 113. 89 $21, 705.62 $35, 083.95 $17,066. 86 $28, 960.97 Expended for maintenance 1... 12, 649. 52 9, 999. 87 6, 328. 57 14, 121.36 19, 972. 67 Total expended 1.......... 20, 763.41 31, 705. 49 41, 412. 52 31, 188. 22 48, 933. 64 Appropriated or allotted......... 73, 000. 00 .... ......... 17, 000. 00 23, 500. 00 50, 500. 00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended_ -__--__-____-________ __ $65, 619. 39 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923 ---------------------- --------------- 44, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 30, 1922 ___-------_ ___--___ -- -- - ______ -6, -__ 500.00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 __________________ 167. 00 116, 286. 39 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work_______--------------- $28, 960. 97 For maintenance ---------------------------- 19, 972..67 48, 933. 64 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--__-------------- ----- 67, 352. 75 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------------------$5, 182. 41 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts__ 3, 000. 00 8, 182. 41 July 1, 1923 balance available------------------------------ 59, 170. 34 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1602 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------------------------------ $77, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925:, For new work------------------ --------------- 1 25, 000.00 For maintenance ----------------------------------- 37, 000. 00 Total ------- ------------------------------------- 62, 000. 00 20. HARBOR AT CAPE VINCENT, N. Y. (C6.) Location and description.-This harbor is located on the south bank of the St. Lawrence Rliver 2J miles from Lake Ontario, and 49 miles by water north of Oswego, N. Y. It consists of a river-wharf frontage 1J miles long, with a timber-crib breakwater 500 feet from shore, covering about one-sixth of the frontage. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 2.) Original condition.-The harbor was an open roadstead in the St. Lawrence River. It was exposed to seas from Lake Ontario, due to westerly winds. The depth of water at the wharves was about 12 feet, increasing to 23 feet about 500 feet from shore. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896. The amount expended prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1899 was $247.29, for surveys, and charged to new work. For further details of previous project see page 1975 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a timber-crib breakwater 1,500 feet long in the St. Lawrence River parallel to and 500 feet from the railroad wharf, 150 feet, or as much of the breakwater as required, to be shore return at the upper end. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1899, is $200,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899 (Annual Report for 1897, pp. 3286-3288). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1903, page 2165. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. "Terminal facilities.-These consist of the following: The package- freight and passenger wharf of the New York Central Railroad Co., also used by the passenger ferry to and from Kingston, Ontario, Canada; one hay wharf; one fueling wharf; and one private mer- chandise wharf having no railroad connection. These facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Cape Vfncent is at the head of a stretch of the St. Lawrence River which is dangerous to navigate at night, and the breakwater furnishes a convenient mooring place for vessels which are going down the river and enter it at night or in thick weather and for those which are storm bound when going up the lakes. The effect of the improvement on freight rates, if any, is only an indirect one, due to its facilitating general navigation by making it safer. 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1603 Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance: The breakwater was repaired by hired labor and purchase of material in June, 1923, by the renewing of 720 linear feet of 6 by 10 inch, and 400 linear feet of 10 by 10 inch oak walings; expenditures, $858.07. Examination of depth of water around breakwater was made in June, 1923; expenditures, $231.37. A custodian was employed throughout the year to regulate the mooring of vessels to the breakwater; ex- penditures, $120. The total expenditures for the year were $1,456.93, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 92 per cent com- pleted. The work done under the existing project has been the con- struction of a breakwater 1,381.3 feet long, of which 50 feet at the upstream end is shore return. The breakwater is of the timber crib, concrete superstructure type and is in good condition. The available depth in the approach to and around the breakwater is 19 feet at low-water datum. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is the construction of 168.7 linear feet of breakwater, which is considered unnecessary at the present time. The total expenditures under the existing project were $223,526.54, of which $198,819.03 was for new work and $24,707.51 for mainte- nance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1923, amounting to $726.17, as follows: Annual examination, June, 1924---__--------_-------------- $100. 00 Harbor supervision, inspection boat, office expenses, and contingencies_ 626 17 Total __ -------------------- ----------------------- 726. 17 The funds available will be expended by June 30, 1924. To provide for pay of custodian, minor repairs, harbor supervi- sion, inspection boat, and office expenses, the sum of $500 should be appropriated for the fiscal year 1925. Commercial statistics.-The receipts (imports) in the order of their value consisted of fish, cheese, household effects, cattle, miscel- laneous, poultry, cream, frogs, horses, and wool. The shipments (exports) consisted of coal, miscellaneous and household effects, auto- mobiles, hay, fish, horses, plaster, and currants and berries. Of the freight traffic of the port, 73 per cent is nonmetallic mip- erals, 19 per cent is animals and animal products, 7 per cent is vegetable food products, and 1 per cent miscellaneous. Four hun- dred and forty-three tons of freight to the value of $123,429 were carried in vessels of 8 to 10 feet draft, being a ferry service on the St. Lawrence River from Kingston, Ontario, and other Canadian ports, all being across-river traffic. The commerce reported for Cape Vincent is not affected by the improvement. Comparative statement. Calendar By lake and river. Caiendar By lake and river. year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. year. Short tons. value. Passengers. 1918.......... 13 222 $216,184 21, 502 1921...... .... 3,058 8244,892 31, 782 1919.......... 13 094 373, 232 23,222 1922.1.. 44,387 224,772 34,938 1920.......... 23,121 368,885 22,344 1Receipts only. Weight of shipments not known. ' Includes 520 tons, value $136,314, ferry traffic. 2 Ferry traffic. 4 Includes 443 tons, value $123,429, ferry traffic. 1604 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The change in freight traffic, in short tons, 1922 over 1921, is due to increased exports of soft coal and decreased imports of miscel- laneous items. The change in value for the same period is due to increased value of soft coal, offset by decreased value of fish im- ported., Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $168.07: New work ----------------------------------------- $199, 066. 32 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 24, 707. 51 Net total expended------------------ ---------------- 223, 773. 83 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 224, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........................................... Expended for maintenance 1.... $312.68 $127.35 $171. 19 $240. 14 $1, 456.93 Appropriated or allotted......... 500.00 ............................ 1,500.00 500.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ---------------------------- $1, 683. 10 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923- -------------------------------------------- 500. 00 2, 183. 10 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 1, 456. 93 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-------------------------------726. 17 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------------------------------111. 04 July 1, 1923, balance available-- 15. 13 6--------------------- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------- --------------------------------- 1, 180. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance -------------------------------- 500. 00 21. HARBOR AT OGDENSBURG, N. Y. (C7.) Location and description.-This harbor is located on the south bank of the St. Lawrence River, 62 miles by water from Lake On- tario. It consists of a dredged channel from 250 to 350 feet wide along the city wharf frontage of about 1 mile, with an entrance chan- nel from the St. Lawrence River at its upper end and an entrance channel and basin at the lower end, 1,600 to 2,100 feet wide, extend- ing from the wharves to the main St. Lawrence River channel. (See U. S. Lake Survey chart No. 13.) Originalcondition.-When work was first undertaken by the Gov- ernment in 1868 the depth at low water was 9 feet through the upper entrance channel, 10 to 12 feet at the lower entrance channels, and 6 to 12 feet along the city front, widths unknown. The Oswegatchie River was navigable for about 800 feet. 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1605 Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1867, and was modified by the river and harbor acts of August 2, 1882, and September 19, 1890, by authority of the Chief of Engineers, dated February 27, 1897, and by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899. The amount expended under these projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1910 was $401,892.14, of which $271,379.82 was for new work and $130,512.32 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1975 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for an upper entrance channel 19 feet deep and 400 feet wide; for a channel 19 feet deep and 350 feet wide along the city water front; and for a lower entrance channel and basin 19 feet deep, 1,600 to 2,100 feet wide, along the lower wharf frontage. The project depth is referred to the sloping river surface when Lake Ontario is at low-water datum, elevation 244.5 feet above mean tide at New York City, 2 feet below mean lake level 1860-1875. This river surface is at elevation 243.7 feet and corresponds to depth about 17.6 feet on Lake Survey chart No. 13. Ordinary fluctuations of water surface are from about 2.8 feet above to low-water datum, and fluctuations, due to wind, and other causes are small. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, is $259,970, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $4,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the several channels 19 feet deep and generally 300 feet wide (H. Doc. No. 920, 60th Cong., 1st sess.) ; and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for widening of the upper entrance channel to 400 feet and of the city front chan- nel to 350 feet (H. Doc. No. 663, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 663, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session, and Lake Survey chart No. 13. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The principal freight wharves are those of the New York Central Railroad Co. and the Rutland Railroad Co. The former is located on the west side of the Oswegatchie River. Transfer of freight between Ogdensburg and Prescott, Ontario, Canada, is by car ferry Charles Lyon. The Rutland Wharf is situ- ated in the lower harbor with a frontage of 2,300 feet. It and the connecting car-ferry landing have not been used since the railroad company sold its boat line in compliance with the Panama Canal act. There are two grain elevators, one with a storage capacity of 500,- 000 bushels and the other of 90,000 bushels; four coal docks for handling and storing both hard and soft coal; one lumber wharf, little used; two small wharves, known as the Plumb and Hacket, are used mainly for summer passenger traffic, excursion boat; one wharf used by a passenger ferry, Miss Vandenburg, that operates during the entire year between Ogdensburg and Prescott, Ontario, Canada, on the opposite shore of the St. Lawrence, a distance of about 1 mile. Generally the wharves are open to all water carriers on equal terms. There is also one public wharf located in the cen- tral harbor, used as a passenger landing during the summer months, open to all water carriers free of charge. 1606 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. These facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made the commer- cial development of Ogdensburg Harbor possible in that the chan- nels have been improved so as to secure entrance and city front channels of a depth sufficient to accommodate vessels of 171 feet draft. The improvement has also made possible the establishment of railroad wharves and consequent development of water transpor- tation lines operating to and from American and Canadian lake ports, as well as car ferries plying across the St. Lawrence River between Ogdensburg and Prescott, Ontario, Canada. The improvement is considered to have had a controlling effect on freight rates for bulk commodities in interlake traffic, which traffic has, however, been suspended since 1915. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Annual examination of channel conditions was made in May, 1923. Expenditures, $125.88. Expenditures for harbor supervision, inspection, care and repair of dredging plant were $3,324.48. Total expenditures during the year were $3,450.36, all for main- tenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1919. The upstream entrance channel has a controlling depth of 18 feet at low-water datum. There is a shoal on the down- stream side of this channel extending one-third across it, least depth at channel line being 8 feet. The Oswegatchie River from Lake Street Bridge to its mouth has controlling depth of 18 feet; the city front channel from the mouth of Oswegatchie River to the Rutland Railroad car-ferry dock has controlling depth of 17 feet, and the rest of the channels have controlling depths of 18 feet. The total expenditures under the existing project were $220,175.12, of which $200,536.61 was for new work and $19,638.51 for main- tenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended July 1, 1923, amounting to $1,841.03, as follows: Annual examinations, May, 1924--------- --------------------- $400. 00 Redredging, including care and repair of dredging plant, U. S. dipper dredge Sodus, June, 1924 000. 00 1_____________, Harbor supervision, inspection boat and office expenses ______- ___-441. 03 Total 841. 03 1----------------------- The funds available will be spent by June 30, 1924. Redredging of entrance channel and removal of shoals from city front channel is necessary, and for this, with the other usual items of maintenance, funds should be provided for the fiscal year 1925, as follows: Annualgexaminations------.-- --- $500 Redredging, including care and repair of dredging plant, U. S. dipper dredge Sodus -------- --------------------------------- 10, 000 Harbor supervision, inspection boat and office expenses.-------__- 1, 500 Total ----------------------------------------------- 12, 000 This amount exceeds the average annual cost of maintenance for the preceding five years, and exceeds the approved estimate of annual RIVERS AND HARBORS-BUFFALO, N. Y., DISTRICT. 1607 cost of maintenance by $8,000, accounted for by the item for re- dredging, which is required only every three or four years. Commercial statistics.-The commerce is by lake and river and by car ferry to and from Prescott, Ontario, Canada, on the opposite side of the St. Lawrence River. In value, the car-ferry traffic was 95 per cent and the lake and river 4J per cent. The principal re- ceipts in order of their value consisted of raw silk, miscellaneous merchandise, silk goods, newsprint paper, lumber, mechanical wood pulp, furs, pulp wood, wheat, and other materials and vegetable products. Twenty-two and four-tenths per cent of the total freight traffic was coastwise shipments. The shipments consisted of coal, mis- cellaneous merchandise, and vegetable food products. All commerce makes use of some part of the improvement with the exception of 142,600 tons of pulp wood, handled at a wharf on the St. Lawrence River about 1 mile above upper entrance channel, this freight not using the improvement. Of the freight traffic value, textiles comprised 77.87 per cent, un- classified 8.54 per cent, wood and paper 5.97 per cent; nonmetallic minerals 2.59 per cent, vegetable food products 2.36 per cent, animals and animal products 2.20 per cent, chemicals 0.19 per cent, ores, metals, etc., 0.18 per cent, and machinery and vehicles 0.10 per cent. Coal is carried in vessels varying from 12 to 17 feet draft, and other commodities in vessels (including car ferry) varying in draft from 12 to 14 feet. Comparative statement. By lake and river. By car ferry. Calendar year. Passengers. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1918........ ....................... 310,031 $1,671,906 612,581 $81,864,562 215,302 1919.................................... 321,929 1,900,735 388,049 158,207,778 264,125 1920... ..............................288,112 2,452,069 688,991 129,888,586 250,000 1921.................................. 330,690 2,795,410 597,070 107,683,787 240,000 1922.................................... 415,891 5,941,298 705,961 125,866,807 306,800 The increase in Ogdensburg freight traffic by lake and river, both short tons and value, for 1922 over 1921, is mainly due to the in- creased receipts, both foreign and domestic, of wheat, Welsh coal, corn, oats, hard and soft coal. The increase by car ferry for same period is due to increased re- ceipts of pulp wood and textiles. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ------------------------------------ ----- $471, 916. 43 Maintenance ------------- ------------- ------------- 150, 150. 83 Net total expended 067. 26 6-------------------------- Total appropriations to date of this report------6--------------23, 908. 29 1608 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work......... .......... 34,776.34 $37,223.66 .... .,...... Expended for maintenance ..... $999.44 1,808.88 5, 028. 72 1, 567.58 3, 450.36 Totalexpended........... 999.44 36,585.22 42,252.38 1,567.58 3,450.36 Appropriated or alloted.......... 77,000.00............... 2,000.00 4,000. 00 1,000. 00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ---------------------------- $4, 291. 39 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar.Mar.2, 1923 ---__ 2, 1923 _________ ------------------------------------------- 1, 000. 00 100.0 5, 291. 39 .June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance- 3, 450. 36 .July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_______________ -__- -__ 1, 841. 03 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance .---------------------------- 12, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP C. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $10,529.48: New work --- ------------------------------- $4, 099, 740. 74 Maintenance ------ -__------------------------2, 245, 151. 49 Net total expended------------------------------- 6, 344, 892.23 'Total appropriations to date of this report ____- _____ - __ 6, 495, 696. 56 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 2...... $8,113.89 $56,481. 96 $72,307.61 $17, 066. 86 $28, 960.97 Expended for maintenance 2..... 44,218.11 47, 574.78 44,438. 93 42, 024. 06 72, 296. 68 Total expended 2 .......... 52,332.00 104,056. 74 116,746. 54 59, 090. 92 101, 257. 65 Appropriated or allotted...... 184, 500.00 26,000.00 43, 000.00 68,500. 00 140,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ----------- ------------ $111, 894. 98 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923_---- -------------------------------- ---- 115, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922 ------------------------------------------ 25, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 ------- ___--167. 00 252, 061. 98 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: - For new work __ -- _____-___-- -______-_ $28, 960. 97 For maintenance - --------------------------- 72, 296. 68 101, 257. 65 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended__------------- ------ 150, 804. 33 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-----------------5, 301. 53 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 15, 000. 00 20, 301. 53 .July 1, 1923, balance available------------------ ----------- 130, 001. 90 1 Exclusive of available funds. 2 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS---LOS ANGELES, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1609 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work------------------------------------------- 125, 000.00 For maintenance ------------------------------------- 1128, 500. 00 --- Total_ --------------- ----------------------------- 1153, 500. 00 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED MARCH 2, 1919, AND SEPTEMBER 22, 19 22. The local engineer was charged with the duty of making pre- liminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of March 2, 1919, and September 22, 1922, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Cleveland Harbor, Ohio, with a view to improving and main- ,taining the channel in the Cuyahoga River and Old River, includ- ing consideration of any proposition for cooperation on the part of local interests. 2. Wilson Harbor, N. Y. 3. Oak Orchard Harbor, N. Y. 4. Irondequoit Bay, N. Y. 5. Cape Vincent Harbor, N. Y. 6. Olcott Harbor, N. Y. 7. Great Sodus Bay Harbor, N. Y. 8. Buffalo Harbor, N. Y. 9. Buffalo outer and inner harbor and Buffalo Creek, N. Y. 10. Black Rock Channel and Tonawanda Harbor, N. Y. 11. NiagaraRiver, N. Y. 12. Tonawanda Creek, N. Y. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE LOS ANGELES, CALIF., DISTRICT. The district includes that part of California which is south of Big Sur River (about 291 miles northwesterly of the entrance to Los Angeles Harbor), together with the Colorado River system. District engineer: Maj. Edward D. Ardery, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. Herbert Deakyne, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS. Page. Page. 1. San Diego Harbor, Calif-___ 1609 2. Los Angeles Harbor, Calif___ 1613 1. SAN DIEGO HARBOR, CALIF. Location and description.--San Diego Harbor is just north of the -United States-Mexico boundary, 96 miles southeast of Los Angeles Harbor, and 506 miles southeast of San Francisco Harbor. It is :a natural basin, separated from the ocean by the peninsula about 10 miles long. The total area at half tide is about 21 square miles. At mean lower low water the area with a minimum depth of 21 feet has a width varying from 1,000 to 2,500 feet and is about 9 miles long. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5102.) SExclusive of available funds. 1610 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Original condition.-The channel through the outer bar was 500 feet wide and 22.5 feet deep at mean lower low water. The middle, ground channel was also 22.5 feet deep, but too crooked for safe navigation. The main channel, lying to the west of the middle ground, was of ample depth, but was difficult to navigate on account of a sharp reverse curve. The channel inside the harbor was about one-third mile wide and not less than 30 feet deep up to San Diego, and narrower and shallower up to National City, about 11 miles from the outer bar. Previous projects.-The original project, exclusive of the work authorized August 30, 1852, was adopted by river and harbor act of March 3, 1875, and supplemented by acts of September 19, 1890, and June 25, 1910. The amount expended on previous projects was $154,703.68 for new work, including the $30,000 appropriated August 30, 1852. For further details of previous projects see page 1976 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a rubble mound jetty 7,500 feet long on Zuninga Shoal; for an entrance channel 35 feet deep, 570' feet wide, through the outer bar; for dredging to a depth of 35 feet a small shoal (area D) opposite Ballast Point; for dredging to the same depth an entrance channel with a minimum width of 900 feet through the middle ground; for easing the curve to east of present middle-ground channel (area E) by dredging to depth of 35 feet; for an approach 32 feet deep to the San Diego municipal piers; and for an earthen dike 7,735 feet long to divert the San Diego River from San Diego Bay to False Bay. The plane of reference is mean lower low water. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 5.4 feet. The extreme range is about 9 feet. The estimated cost for new work, revised in 1922, is $1,540,486, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $20,000, for dredging entrance channel. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1875, provided for the diversion dike (Annual Report, 1873, p. 1142); the act of September 19, 1890, provided for the jetty on Zuninga Shoal (H. Doc. No. 177, 50th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of March 4, 1913, provided for the 35-foot channel through the outer bar (H. Doc. No. 1309, 62d Cong., 3d sess.); the act of July 27, 1916, provided for widening the approach (area B) to the San Diego municipal pier by dredging area C (north of area B) (H. Doc. No. 648, 64th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of Au- gust 8, 1917, provided for dredging area A (south of area B) (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 8, 64th Cong., 2d sess.), and for dredging the 35- foot channel through the middle ground (H. Doc. No. 140, 65th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of September 22, 1922, provided for dredging areas D and E (H. Doc. No. 1000, 66th Cong., 3d sess.). For latest published map see House Document No. 1000, Sixty-sixth Congress, third session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The city of San Diego has donated to the United States 500 acres of tideland, known as Dutch Flats, in fulfill- ment of a condition in the river and harbor act of July 27, 1916. RIVERS AND HARBORS-LOS ANGELES, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1611 It also dredged an approach channel to the municipal pier No. 1, (area B, H. Doc. No. 648, 64th Cong., 1st sess.), removing about 916,000 cubic yards of material, the cost of which is not known. It has also redredged to a width of 150 feet and depth of 14 feet the portion of the channel extending northerly from the municipal piers, beginning at the northerly end of the city bulkhead, thence northerly for a distance of half a mile, to provide an approach to the fish can- neries in that vicinity. A total of about 135,000 cubic yards was dredged at an approximate cost of $27,000. Terminal facilities.-There is a total of 7,148 linear feet of wharf frontage outside of Government-owned wharves. Of this amount 1,630 linear feet is municipal wharf open to public use, which, with the municipal warehouse and 2,750 linear feet of bulkhead, was built at a cost of $851,000; 3,606 feet are private wharves, but open to public use; and 1,912 feet are wharves owned and controlled by lum- ber companies and used for lumber traffic. Municipal Pier No. 1 is 800 feet long by 130 feet wide; the warehouse 720 feet long and 72.5 feet wide. The city of San Diego has dredged about 2,311,558 cubic yards (including the 1,051,000 cubic yards referred to in the paragraph Local cooperation) in excavating an approach from the main channel to pier No. 1, 32 feet deep channelward of the pier- head line and 35 feet deep on each side of the pier. This work has been done at a cost of $1,427,000. The city of San Diego is now constructing, under contract, the first unit of a second municipal pier at an approximate cost of $250,000, and has voted an additional bond issue of $495,000 to carry on this work. The pier will be of the mole type, 400 feet wide, 1,000 feet long, and located 350 feet northerly of the existing munic- ipal pier. The new pier will have 32 feet of water along each side at mean lower low water. The existing terminal facilities, with those under construction, will be adequate for present commerce. Coal is unloaded from vessels into bunkers by means of buckets handled by small power cranes. From the bunkers it is loaded into cars by gravity. Lumber and other commodities are handled by ship's tackle. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has rendered the har- bor available to modern steamships of the greatest draft ordinarily used on the Pacific Ocean and has afforded the region the benefits of deeper draft ocean commerce. The harbor in its natural condition could not have been used by such vessels. The volume of the com- merce has increased over 314 per cent in 18 years. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging of area C, begun January 5, 1921, and 74 per cent completed at the beginning of the fiscal year, was resumed January 20 1923, under a contract dated January 9, 1923. At the end of the fiscal year 246,784 cubic yards had been dredged and deposited in a solid fill pier being con- structed by the city of San Diego. On June 12 bids were opened for dredging areas D and E under contract. The lowest bid received, viz, 35 and 22.5 cents per cubic yard, respectively, was rejected, it being decided to do the work with a seagoing hopper dredge now under construction by the Engineer Department. 1612 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1Y23. The amounts expended during the fiscal year were $87,185.28 for new work and $256.41 for maintenance, a total of $87,441.69 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 84 per cent completed. The dike was completed in 1876. The jetty on Zuninga Shoal was completed in 1904. The outer bar channel and the middle ground channel were completed to a depth of 35 feet in 1915 and 1920, respectively. Dredging area A to a depth of 32 feet was completed in 1920, and dredging area C to a depth of 32 feet was 97 per cent completed in 1923. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is dredging areas C, D, and E. On June 30, 1922, the controlling depth in the outer bar and middle ground channels was 35 feet at mean lower low water, and 32 feet in areas A, B, and the westerly 80 per cent of area C. The amounts expended on the existing project *were $1,285,492.31 for new work and $99,418.24 for maintenance, a total of $1,384,910.55. Proposed operations.-The unexpended balance of $196,134.14 will be expended under contract in completing area C and in dredging areas D and E with a seagoing hopper dredge now under construc- tion by the Engineer Department. As the above work will complete the approved project for this harbor no additional funds are requested for the fiscal year 1925. Commercial. statistics.-The commerce consists principally of lumber, crude oil, and general merchandise. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Passengers. Short tons.1 Value. Rafted lumber. Tons. 1918 ...................................... 20,510 484,729 $15,323,878 12,498 1919....................... .......... ....... .................22,183 634,085 23,314,122 19,472 1920............................................... ...... 14,644 454 541,063 17,380, 18,608 1921.............................. ................. 10,635 611,817 16,952,215 24,550 1922................................................. 18,903 504,076 22,345,666 31,020 Including rafted lumber. During the year ending December 31, 1922, the amount of com- merce remaining on ships passing in and out of the harbor without unloading was 353,365 tons, with a valuation of $74,487,125. All commerce entering the harbor, excepting lumber, is affected by the improvement. The usual limits of draft are about 18 feet for loaded lumber vessels, 26 feet for oil-carrying vessels, and 27 feet for foreign and interocean commerce. No lines of transportation were abandoned during the year. The following lines were established: American-Hawaiian Steamship Co., Calmex Navigation Co., Compagnie Generale Transatlantique, East Asiatic Line, Harrison Direct Line, Johnson Line, Lower Coast Trading Co., Los Angeles Steamship Co., McCormick Steamship Line, Moore & McCormack Co., Munson Steamship Line, Nawsco Line, North Atlantic & Western Steamship Co., Norway Pacific Steamship Co., Ocean Motorship Co., Pacific-Caribbean-Gulf Line, Vancouver & San Diego Navigation Co., Vaquero Line, and Williams Steamship Line. RIVERS AND HARBORS-LOS ANGELES, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1613 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $0.50: Ne Work---------------------------------- ----- $1, 440, 195. 99' Maintenance --- 99, 418. 24 Net total expended , 539, 614. 23 1------------------------------ Total appropriations to date of this report , 735, 748. 37 1------------------ Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1..................... $28, 826.91 $286,370.91 $55, 777.09 $87,185. 28 Expended, for maintenance 1..... $120. 14 69.60 65. 66 2 19,689.18 256. 41 Total expended 1.......... 120.14 28, 896. 51 286, 436. 57 2 75,466.27 87,441.69' Appropriated or allotted.......... ....... .... ............. . 161,500.00 100, 000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ------------------------- 2 $183, 575. 83 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923 ----------------------------------- 100, 000. 00' 283, 575. 83 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 For new work-------------------------- $87, 185.28 For maintenance --------------------------- 256. 41 87, 441. 69 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------- ----------------- 196, 134. 14 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities--------------- 9, 651. 41 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts ------------------------------------ 13, 173. 77 22, 825. 18 July 1, 1923, balance available----------------------------- 173, 308. 90 2. LOS ANGELES HARBOR, CALIF. Location and description.-Los Angeles Harbor is 410 miles south- east of San Francisco Harbor and 96 miles northwest of San Diego Harbor. The harbor consists of two parts, the outer or breakwater harbor (formerly known as San Pedro Harbor) and the inner har- bor, formed by the construction of jetties and by dredging (formerly known as Wilmington Harbor). The outer harbor is irregular in shape, and contains outside of approved harbor lines about 800 acres; of channels and anchorage ground. The inner harbor consists of channels 200 to 750 feet wide with turning basins; its water area channelward of approved harbor lines is about 776 acres. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5102.) Original condition.-The outer harbor was an open roadstead well protected on the west by the bluff which terminates at Point Fermin, but exposed to the southeast, south, and southwest. The bay had varying depths up to 9 fathoms. The inner harbor had a depth at the present entrance of less than 2 feet. A narrow, shallow channel led up to Wilmington, a distance of 31 miles. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Ohanged from amount reported in last year's reports, due to reimbursement of $'45.36.. 1614 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Previous projects.-Inner harbor: Original project was adopted by river and harbor act of March 3, 1871, and modified by river and harbor acts of March 3, 1881, June 3, 1896, and June 13, 1902. The amount expended on original and modified projects prior to com- mencement of work under the existing project in 1910 was $1,629,- 313.27 for new work on the inner harbor. For further details of previous projects see page 1977 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a rubble-mound breakwater 11,152 feet long, extending easterly from Point Fermin; for dredging in the outer harbor to a depth of 35 feet an area of irregular shape, about 2,300 feet long, with an average width of about 1,200 feet, lying between the 35-foot contour and the pierhead line west of the inner-harbor entrance; for dredging a triangular area of approach 35 feet deep to the east of the inner harbor entrance channel; for a channel to the inner harbor 30 feet deep, 550 feet wide from the outer harbor to station 290, thence increasing in width from 750 feet at harbor line station 290 to 1,000 feet at station 294, and continuing with this width to the turning basin, 1,600 feet in diameter, a total distance of 16,000 feet; for two channels, 20 feet deep and 200 feet wide, from the turning basin into the east and west basins, with lengths of 9,000 and 5,600 feet, respectively; for a channel 30 feet deep and 200 feet wide from the turning basin to the westerly side of the west basin, about 4,800 feet, with a maneuvering area 450 feet wide and 750 feet long; for a channel 20 feet deep and 200 feet wide through the east basin to connect with Long Beach Harbor; for the construction of silt-diversion works for the protection of Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors; and for the acquisition of a pipe-line dredge and accessories. The plane of reference is mean lower low water. The range of tide between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 5.8 feet. The ex- treme range is about 9 feet. The estimated cost for new work, revised in 1922, is $7,775,800, exclusive of the amounts expended under previous projects. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the present length of breakwater (H. Doc. No. 969, 60th Cong., 1st sess.), and also provided for dredging the inner harbor from entrance to turn- ing basin (H. Doc. No. 1114, 60th Cong., 2d sess.), and the channels in the east and west basins (H. Doc. No. 768, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); . the act of July 25, 1912, provided for dredging in the outer harbor (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 8, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of July 27, 1916, provided for the silt diversion works (H. Doc. No. 462, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the present project dimensions of the inner harbor channel (H. Doc. No. 896, 63d Cong., 2d sess.), and authorized modifications of the silt diver- sion project approved by the Secretary of War May 7, 1919 (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 9, 64th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of July 18, 1918, provided for the channel of 30-foot depth in the west basin (H. Doc. No. 1072, 65th Cong., 2d sess.), and for the channel connecting with Long Beach.Harbor (H. Doc. No. 460, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of September 22, 1922, provided for a triangular area of approach to the inner harbor entrance channel and for the acquisition of a pipe- line dredge and accessories (H. Doc. No. 1013, 66th Cong., 3d sess.). RIVERS AND HARBORS-LOS ANGELES, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1615 For latest published map see House' Document No. 1013, Sixty-sixth Congress, third session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperatioa.-The river and harbor act of July 27, 1916, provides (H. Doc. No. 462, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) that before any silt- diversion work is undertaken by the United States assurances satis- factory to the Secretary of War shall be given that the city or county of Los Angeles or other agencies will provide the right of way, defray the cost of necessary roads and bridges, adjust all damage claims, and maintain the improvement after its completion. The Los Angeles County flood-control district has agreed to perform the conditions required. It has provided the right of way and has constructed the necessary roads and bridges. The act of August 8, 1917, authorizing the widening of the inner harbor channel, provides that no expense shall be incurred by the United States for acquiring any lands required for the purpose of this improvement. The city of Los Angeles has furnished the re- quired right of way and has guaranteed the removal of the wharves thereon free of cost to the United States. The act'of July 18, 1918, in making appropriation for a channel connecting Los Angeles-and Long Beach Harbors, provides (H. Doc. No. 460, 64th Cong., 1st sess.) that local interests shall deed to the United States free of cost an additional strip of land 200 feet wide alongside the present 400 feet wide right of way and shall agree to construct and maintain that part of the channel connecting Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors lying within the limits of the city of Long Beach, and that work shall not be commenced by the United States on its part of the channel until the necessary steps have been taken to protect it from flood deposits of silt or until local interests have agreed to maintain this part pending the completion of protect- ing works. The additional strip of land has been deeded to the United States, and the required assurances as to the maintenance of the channel have been given. The dredging of the portion of the channel lying within the city of Long Beach was completed by the city of Long Beach November 15, 1919, 1,400,000 cubic yards having been dredged, and in addition about 356,000 cubic yards was dredged in Long Beach Harbor, the cost of both having been about $237,000. The act of July 18, 1918, also provides in making appropriation for dredging in the west basin (H. Doc. No. 1072, 65th Cong., 2d sess.), that local interests shall furnish without cost to the United States any bulkheads considered necessary to hold the dredged material, and that this work shall not be undertaken until assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War shall have been given that the proposed 10,000-ton dry dock will be built at once. Bulkheads to hold the material have been built and the construction of the dry dock completed. In the outer harbor the city of Los Angeles has built about 2,500 linear feet of breakwater and bulkhead, creating a fish harbor of approximately 40 acres 12 feet in depth, and has also built ap- proximately 3,500 linear feet of sea wall to retain fill from the various dredging contracts, both Government and municipal. It has dredged 3,083,000 cubic yards, and private interests have dredged an ad- 61637-ENG 1923----1Q2 1616 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. ditional 2,500,000 cubic yards channelward of pierhead lines. In the inner harbor the city has dredged 11,247,000 cubic yards and private interests have dredged about 4,000,000 cubic yards channel- ward of pierhead lines. The cost of the city's dredging is $2,145,000, of which $448,524 has been spent the past year. The cost to private interests is unknown. Terminal facilities.-There is a total of 44,671 linear feet of wharf frontage in the outer and inner harbors. Of this amount 25,044 linear feet are municipal wharves and 19,627 linear feet are wharves privately owned or operated under exclusive franchise. The municipal wharves are equipped with 7,853 linear feet of sheds while the private wharves are equipped with 2,658 feet of such sheds. These sheds vary from 20 feet to 120 feet wide, most of them being from 100 to 120 feet wide. The municipal pier in the outer harbor is in addition equipped with a six-story concrete warehouse, 152 by 480 feet, of 4,604,400 cubic feet capacity and costing $1,230,000. It also has a recomprgs- sion plant for cotton, of a capacity of 40,000 bales, and which can recompress same at the rate of 900 bales per day. During the year the city has started and, has now completed or under way 6,021 linear feet of wharf for general cargo, 1,420 linear feet of oil wharf and 1,180 feet of lumber wharf. Of the above work started, 4,807 linear feet are in commercial operation and the re- mainder under construction. Two shipbuilding plants, each having a dry dock of approximately 12,000 tons, are available for ship repairs. All municipal wharves are open to public use except about 900 feet of frontage which is in temporary use by the Navy Department. Vessels of the various oil companies are loaded with crude oil at the wharves by flow through pipe lines. Lumber and other commodities are handled by ship's tackle. The existing facilities are not ade- quate for present commerce. The city of Los Angeles, since the year 1909, has voted $14,800,000 of bonds for the improvement of the harbor. An additional bond issue of $15,000,000 was voted in June, 1923. An immigration station has been built at a cost of $80,000 for use of the United States Government. Effect of improvement.-The conduct of commerce by water has been facilitated and improved. The safe and easy movement into and out of the harbor of most vessels engaged in domestic or foreign commerce has been made possible, although the slight depth below the keel of vessels drawing about 30 feet has during the past year resulted in a few accidents and delays when the control of vessels has thereby been lost while in the main inner harbor entrance channel. 'The commerce has increased 1,117 per cent in volume in the past 18 years. The port has become one of'principal importance. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. dredge San Pedro dredged 161,080 cubic yards of silt in the inner harbor en- trance channel, restoring project depth of 30 feet at mean low water. The dredge was sold under sealed proposals to the highest bidder for $30,500, and delivered to the purchaser October 6, 1922. Under two contracts, 109,307 short tons of stone was furnished and delivered at Long Beach, Calif. The stone was unloaded from RIVERS AND HARBORS-LOS ANGELES, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1617 the cars and placed on the channel slopes of the levee embankments of the silt diversion channel by the Los Angeles County flood con- trol district. Under contract 538,250 cubic yards was dredged in the inner harbor entrance channel in widening the channel to 1,000 feet. On June 21 and 22, contracts were entered into for completing the widening project. The amount expended on these works during the fiscal year was $329,954.95 for new work and $34,729.27 for maintenance, a total of $364,684.22. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 78 per cent com- pleted. The breakwater was completed in 1912. Dredging the project area in the outer harbor, westerly of the entrance to the inner harbor, to a depth of 35 feet at mean lower low water was completed in 1915. The original 30-foot project in the inner harbor was completed in 1914, except about 75,000 cubic yards of silt near Reservation Point. Additional silt was deposited in this portion of the harbor during January, 1916, all of which has been removed. The controlling depth in the inner harbor channel is 30 feet at mean lower low water. Dredging the two channels 20 feet deep, one from the turning basin into the east basin and one from the turning basin into the west basin, is completed. The city of Los Angeles has dredged the southwesterly half of the east basin channel to 30 feet, and the northeasterly half to 25 feet. The west basin channel has been silted to 17 feet depth. The controlling depth at mean lower low water in the southwesterly half of the east basin channel is 30 feet, in the northeasterly half it is 25 feet, and in the west basin channel it is 17 feet. The 30-foot channel from the turn- ing basin to the westerly side of the west basin, with a maneuvering basin, was completed in 1921, its controlling depth being 30 feet. Cerritos Channel, connecting Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors, was completed in 1920. Its controlling depth is 20 feet. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is widening the inner harbor entrance channel to 1,000 feet, dredging a triangular approach to the inner harbor, and acquiring a suction dredge and accessories. The amount expended on all parts of the existing project is $5,979,- 621.58 for new work and $394,137.02 for maintenance, a total of $6,373,758.60. Proposed operations.-The balance unexpended June 30, 1923, available only for maintenance, will be applied to supervision where and when required in maintaining the existing works. Of the allotment from the appropriation made by the act of March 2, 1923 ($1,055,000), $775,000 will be expended in completing the widening under contract, of the main entrance channel to 1,000 feet; and the remainder, $280,000, will be expended in dredging the triangular area of approach to the inner harbor entrance channel. As the above work will complete the approved project for this harbor, with the exception of the acquisition of a pipe-line dredge, which is not necessary at this time, no additional funds will be required for the fiscal year 1925. Commercial statistics.-The commerce consists principally of lumber, crude oil, and general merchandise. 1618 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARIVMY, 1923. Comparative statement. Calendar Passengers. Short tons. Value. Calear Passengers. Short tons. Value. year. year. 1918......... 219,243 2, 091,056 $87,758,926 1921........ 494,059 14,863,882 1 $210,373,460 1919......... 351,730 3,1.52,005 114, 491, 782 1922........ 566,694 10, 285, 810 397,098,805 1920.........53,580 1,4,210,176 1188,550,895 1 Revised figures based on more accurate information. Numerous vessels make Los Angeles Harbor a port of call, and there is a large tonnage that enters and leaves the harbor for other destinations without unloading. The amount of this commerce is unknown and can not be obtained at reasonable cost. All commerce entering the outer or inner harbor is benefited by the protection of the breakwater. Vessels docking in the outer har- bor are benefited by the dredging there, and those entering the inner harbor are benefited by the dredging of the channels traversed by them. The west basin channel has been used by ships launched from the shipbuilding plant and by others which have been dry-docked and repaired there. The usual limits of draft are about 29 feet for loaded lumber vessels, and 30 to 32 feet for foreign and interocean commerce, and for oil-carrying vessels. The following lines of transportation were established during the year: Blue Funnel Line, Blue Star Line, East Asiatic Line, Elder Steel Steamship Co., Garland Steamship Co., "K" Line, Moore & McCormick Steamship Co., Munson, McCormack Line, Charles Nel- son Line, Ocean Motorship Co., Ocean Transport Co., Trans-Oceanic Co., and United American Lines. The lines of transportation abandoned during the year were the Albers Steamship Co., Los Angeles Pacific Navigation Co., Pacific Motorship Co., Union Steamship Co., and Yamashita Kisen Kaisha. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $46,647.11: New work --------------------------------------- $7, 608, 934. 85 Maintenance__-_ ------------------------- 394, 137. 02 Net total expended-------------- -------------- 8, 003, 071. 87 Total appropriations to date of this report -------------- 9, 266, 627. 73 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1... .... $73, 290.94 $409, 082.45 $879,933. 82 $197,528.34 $329, 954.95 Expended for maintenance 1..... 39, 818.55 23, 297. 68 31, 619. 62 2 99, 371.44 34, 729. 27 Total expended 1......... 113, 109. 49 432, 380. 13 911, 553. 44 296, 899. 78 364, 684. 22 Appropriated or allotted.......... 1,114, 350.00 ......... .... 30,000.00 500, 000. 00 1,055,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. s Changed from amount reported in 1922 report, due to reimbursement of $11.44. RIVERS AND HARBORS--1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1619 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended~ .---- . $542, 740. 08 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved March 2, 1923 .------------------------- , 055, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923_-- ----------- 30, 500. 00 1, 628, 240. 08 June 30, 1923, amount expended during, fiscal year :2 For new work ---------- $329, 954. 95 For maintenance -- --------- 34, 729. 27 364, 684. 22 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended __-_____.. - __-__-______- 1, 263, 555. 86 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities--------------$128, 503. 62 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts ---------------------------------- 41, 005, 15 169, 508. 77 July 1, 1923, balance available------------------------------- 1,094, 047. 09 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project__---------------------------------------- 450, 000. 00 EXAMINATION AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED SEPTEMBER 2 2 19 2 2. The local engineer was charged with the duty of making pre- liminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Ls Angeles and Long Beach Harbors, Calif. 2. Newport Bay, Calif. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE FIRST SAN FRAN- CISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. This district comprises all the waterways and their tributaries along the Pacific coast from the Big Sur River, Calif. (about 124 miles south of the entrance to San Francisco Harbor), on the south to the Oregon State line on the north, except the Sacramento and San' Joaquin Rivers and their tributaries. District engineer: Col. Herbert Deakyne, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. Herbert Deakyne, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS. [The letters and figures in parentheses after the titles indicate the group, and the numeri- cal order in the group, to which the respective improvements belong for purposes of appropriation.] Page. Page. 1. Harbor at San Francisco, 8. Napa River, Calif. (AS) --- 1644 Calif. (Al) --------------- 1620 9. Petaluma Creek, Calif. (A9)_ 1646 2. Redwood Creek, Calif. (A2)_ 1624 10. San Rafael Creek, Calif. 3. Oakland Harbor, Calif. (A3)_ 1626 (A10)------------------- 1650 4. Richmond Harbor, Calif. 11. Monterey Harbor, Calif. S(A4) --------------------- 1630 (All) ------------------- 1653 5. San Pablo Bay and Mare 12. Humboldt Harbor and Bay, Island Strait, Calif. (A5)_ 1635 ------------- Calif. (A12) 1655 6. Suisun Bay Channel, Calif. 13. Crescent City Harbor, Calif. ( A6)--------------------- 1639 ( A13) ------------------- 1660 7. Suisun Channel, Calif. (A7T) 1642 14. Noyo River, Calif --------- 1665 1 Changed from amount reported in 1922 report, due to reimbursement of $11.44. Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. * Exclusive of available funds. 1620 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. SAN FRANCISCO, OAKLAND, RICHMOND, MONTEREY, HUMBOLDT, AND CRESCENT CITY HARBORS, REDWOOD, PETALUMA, AND SAN RAFAEL CREEKS, NAPA RIVER, SAN PABLO BAY, AND MARE ISLAND STRAIT, SUISUN, AND SUISUN BAY CHANNELS, CALIF. (GROUP A.) 1. HARBOR AT SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF. (Al.) Location and description.-San Francisco Harbor is the largest and most important harbor on the Pacific coast. San Francisco Bay is formed by a deep depression roughly paralleling the coast line, from which it is separated by a narrow ridge of high land, through which an opening about 1 mile wide forms the bay entrance. The bay extends both north and south of the entrance, is 40 miles long and 3 to 10 miles wide, and has 36 square miles of anchorage area with depths from 40 to 90 feet. San Francisco Harbor is just inside the entrance, at the north end of the southern peninsula. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5402.) Original condition.-Before improvement navigation was ob- structed by rocks about the entrance and within the bay. There were three entrance channels-the Bonita or north channel, the main or central channel, and the south channel, with depths of 54, 32, and 35 feet, respectively. The rocks about the entrance are in the north channel. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted in 1868 and modified by the river and harbor acts of June 10, 1872, March 3, 1899, June 13, 1902, and June 25, 1910. The amount spent on original and modified projects was $746,305.65, of which $652,751.01 was for new work and $93,554. 64) for maintenance. For further details of pre- vious projects see page 1978 of Annual Report for 1915, and page 1749 of Annual Report for 1921. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel through the outer bar on line of the main ship channel 40 feet deep at mean lower low water and 2,000 feet wide. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 5.59 feet, with an extreme range of 10.2 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1921, is $530,000. The latest (1921) estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $100,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act ap- proved September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. No. 124, 67th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of projects.-None. Local cooperation.-The project was adopted without any condi- tions being imposed. The State owns the water front and practically all the terminals of San Francisco, costing about $50,000,000 to date, including cost of dredging, for which purpose the State maintains one clamshell dredge and attendant plant. Terminal facilities.-The State has 40 piers about 100 to 200 feet wide and 600 to 1,100 feet long; 18 ferry slips, a large union paslen- ger depot, 18,110 linear feet of sea wall and other bulkhead and open wharves, 28 sea-wall lots of land and bulkhead property amounting to 5,000,000 square feet, and a tract of about 25 acres leased to a rail- road company. The wharves and piers provide about 15 miles of berthing space. The wharves and piers cover 140 acres, 77 of which are covered with modern sheds. All piers and wharves, with three RIVERS AND HARBORS-1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1621 exceptions, are State owned and controlled and cover that part of the water front from the Presidio Military Reservation on the north to the southern boundary line of the city of San Francisco. Spur tracks extend on all the piers, giving direct connection with the State Belt Line Railroad, 54 miles in length. The water terminals han- dling bulk freight are equipped with mechanical freight-handling devices. Practically all of the piers have ample warehouse storage facilities. The transfer of freight is done niainly by ship's tackle direct to the cars. Liquids are handled through pipe lineS. The State owns 7 switching locomotives, 1 locomotive crane, 2 electric elevators, 2 mechanical stackers, 1 electric tractor, 1 gasoline tractor, 12 trailers, and 2 portable motor generator sets for charging bat- teries. The present assignments allot 1 pier for railroad express business; 7 wharves for the lumber trade; 1 pier for coal; 21 piers for vessels engaged in foreign and offshore trade; 16 piers for coast- wise trade; 2 basins inclosed within rock walls for the fishery busi- ness; 2 piers and 11 slips for the use of towboats and launches; 12 slips for ferry passenger traffic to the numerous bay cities; 6 slips for freight ferries; 2 piers for the use of river boats operating to the Sacramento, San Joaquin, and other rivers; and 1 wharf with 18 steel storage tanks for vegetable oil. These terminal facilities are publicly owned and are open to the general public for use upon a rental basis at uniform and reasonable rates, and are considered adequate for existing commerce. The improvements contemplated and in prog- ress of completion will afford ample facilities for future increases in commerce. In addition there is one ferry slip owned by private interests. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The removal of the subaqueous rocks about the entrance and within the harbor has greatly reduced the hazards of navigation, particularly in unfavorable weather, but the consequent saving in losses to shipping has not been reflected in freight rates either by rail or by water, so far as can be determined from the records. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No new work was done, but preparations were made to commence dredging the main ship channel through the outer bar, as provided for in the recently adopted project. The waterway was patrolled by the district motor boat Suisun to prevent illegal dumping, the deposit of floating tim- bers, old piles, and other debris within the harbor, and encroach- ments on the tidal prism, and to inspect the construction of author- ized structures in the harbor. The work of the Suisun is partly maintenance work and partly the enforcement of Federal laws for the protection of navigable waters. The Suisun was dry-docked and re- paired during October, 1922. The expenditures during the fiscal year were $9,571.98 for maintenance of the previous project. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done under the existing project other than preparations to start dredging. The controlling depths at the end of the fiscal year over the bar at the entrance to the harbor were 54, 36, and 36 feet, in the Bonita or north channel, the main or central channel, and the south channel, respectively. 1622 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Proposed operations.-With the funds unexpended June 30, 1923, the following work is proposed for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1924: New work : (a) Purchase of seagoing hopper dredge 000. 00 $--------250, (b) Transfer of dredge .... --------------- 20, 000. 00 (c) Administration, engineering and contin- gencies ---------------------------- 20, 503. 60 Total-----------------------$290, 503. 60 Maintenance: (a) Pro rata cost of operation and repairs to district motor boat Suisun, 12 months, at $650--------------------------------- 7, 800. 00 (b) Office expenses and contingencies------ 2, 494. 49 Total------- ------------------------------------ 10, 294. 49 Grand total ----- -------------------------------- 300, 798. 09 The funds for new work will be used for the purchase of a sea- going hopper dredge from the Panama Canal and its transfer to San Francisco. It is expected that the dredge will be available for transfer about November 1, 1923, and the funds will be exhausted by the payment for the dredge and its transfer shortly thereafter. To permit the operation of the dredge after its transfer and until June 30, 1924, an additional allotment will be necessary from the funds provided by the river and harbor item in the War Depart- ment appropriation act of March 2, 1923. The funds for maintenance will be used for operation of the district motor boat Suisun to prevent illegal dumping, the deposit- ing of debris within the harbor, or the construction of any unauthor- ized reclamation work along the shores of the harbor and bay, and to inspect works being constructed by private parties under War Department permits. With the funds that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, it is proposed to continue operations, as follows: New work : (a) Operation of seagoing hopper dredge, 6 months, at $20,000__ $120,000 (b) Adminstraton, engineering, and contingencies ------------- 20, 000 Total ------------------------- ----------------- 140, 000 Maintenance: (a) Pro rata cost of operation and repairs to district motor boat Suisun, 12 months, at $650--------------------------- 7, 800 (b) Office expenses and contingencies------------------------ 2, 200 Total -- ----------- ------------------------ 10, 000 Grand total----- ------------------- 150, 000 The above funds will be used for the completion of new work under the new project, dredging the entrance channel across the bar, and for continuance of maintenance work, as heretofore. The new work is expected to require six months of dredging operations entailing an average expenditure of about $23,500 a month to com- plete the authorized improvement. The maintenance work will cover a full year of operations for protecting the navigable waters, at an average expenditure of about $833 a month. RIVERS AND HARBORS--1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1623 Commercial statistics.--The principal commodities handled at this port are fuel oil, lumber, coal, sugar, grain, fruits, vegetables, flour, and canned goods. Practically all the commerce reported is affected by the improvement, but it is impossible to show the portions that use the different improved sections. For the largest trans- Pacific liners the usual limit of draft for loaded boats is about 32 feet, for coastwise vessels 20 feet, and for river steamers and ferry boats from 8 to 10 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1921........ 8, 382, 723 765, 028,314 52, 307, 717 1922........ 14, 837, 609 1,169, 312,045 48, 533, 412 Financial summary. Amount expended 'on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $8.13: New work -----------------------------------------$652, 751.01 Maintenance--------- ------------------------------- 93, 554. 64 Net total expended___ ---------------------------------- 746. 305. 65 Total appropriations to date of this report ------------------- 1, 047, 103. 74 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........................ ............................... Expended for maintenance 1..... $8, 817.39 $7, 490. 56 $6, 042.61 $4, 736.59 $9, 571. 98 Appropriated or allotted.. ..................... 6, 000. 00 5,000.00 10,000.00 300, 000. 00 I 1 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------- ------------------ $10, 370. 07 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923------------------------------------300, 000. 00 310, 370. 07 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance ------------------------------------------------- 9, 571. 98 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_-- ------ ____-------___ 300, 798. 09 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities_ _____-- __--__-__-___ 588. 97 .--------- July 1, 1923, balance available---- --- 300, 209. 12 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project___-- -_____ ______- 1240, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work --- 1140, 000. 00 For maintenance 110, 000. 00 Total- uv LEc -e ___o____available___________unds. 1150, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1624 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 2. REDWOOD CREEK, CALIF. (A2.) Location and description.-Redwood Creek is about 7 miles long and rises about 2 miles south of Redwood City in the hills between the sea and San Francisco Bay. It flows north to Redwood City and thence east to San Francisco Bay, into which it empties about 20 miles southeast of San Francisco. From Redwood City to its mouth the creek is subject to tidal fluctuations and follows a tor- tuous course through marshland which is overflowed by extreme high tide and cut by numerous sloughs that connect with the creek. The drainage area is about 40 square miles. There is no fluvial discharge except during the period of winter rains. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5402.) Originalcondition.-The original channel had a width of 80 to 400 feet up to Redwod City and was dry at low water in a number of places, making navigation possible only at the medium or higher stages of the tide. The natural depths were 13 to 20 feet for a dis- tance of about 2 miles from the mouth to West Point Slough; thence 2 to 7 feet for 2 miles above that point to the mouth of Stein- berger Slough, about three-fourths miles below Redwood City; thence to Redwood City there was no water at low tide. The head of navigation was at Redwood City, 5 miles from the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the act of July 5, 1884, and modified by the act of June 13, 1902. The amount spent on original and modified projects prior to the beginning of work on the existing project in 1911 was $31,442.66 for new work. For further details of previous project see page 1979 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-The existing project provides for a channel 150 feet wide and 5 feet deep at mean lower low water from San Fran- sico Bay to the old municipal wharf on the right bank at the mouth of Steinberger Slough, about three-fourths mile below Redwood City. The tidal range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 9.2 feet, with an extreme range of 12 feet. The estimated cost of new work, made in 1909, is $12,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1909) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 307, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). This docu- ment contains the latest published map. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The project was adopted without any condi- tions being imposed. Local interests have paid for dredging in the channel of the creek to the extent of 600,000 cubic yards, principally for the purpose of reclamation, which has benefited navigation. Terminal facilities.-There are 6 wharves, all of ordinary pile construction, except one which consists of a filled bulkhead. One of the wharves is owned by Redwood City, and is open to all water carriers on equal terms, with no charges. The others are privately owned and two of them are open to the public when not used by the owners. The other three wharves are reserved for private use. These wharves are kept in a fair state of repair. In addition there are a number of'small landings for the loading of salt and shells, some of which are in poor repair. The facilities afforded are con- RIVERS AND HARBORS---1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1625 sidered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made and main- tained a channel that otherwise would have been obliterated in its upper reaches through natural causes, but there have been no changes of record in freight rates by rail or by water that could be attrib- uted directly to the improvement. Operations and results during fiscal year.-A survey of this waterway was made to determine the condition of the channel and the extent of deterioration at the end of the fiscal year. The ex- penditures during the fiscal year were $248.73 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1911. The unimproved channel at the mouth of the creek has shoaled about 3 feet in the last seven years, making its present available depth 131 feet at mean lower low water, but is tortuous, narrow, and difficult to navigate. The channel from the mouth of the creek to the junction of the creek with Smith Slough has a con- trolling depth of 5 feet and has deteriorated in width. At the wharf there is now a depth of only 1 foot. To restore full project dimen- sions to the improved channel would require the dredging of about 75,000 cubic yards. The channel dredged by local interests from the head of the project to East Bradford Street has shoaled so that the creek bed is bare in some places at low water. The town has established a new terminal at East Bradford Street, but access to it can be had only by vessels of small draft entering at high tide. The old wharf at the junction of the creek with Steinberger Slough has gone to ruin and the causeway leading to it from the town is not kept up. The total expenditures on the existing project were $10,- 320.80 for new work and $5,177.93 for maintenance, a total of $15,498.73. Proposed operations.-Forthe fiscal years 1924 and 1925 no work is proposed because the present channel dimensions are sufficient for the needs of existing and prospective commerce. No additional funds are therefore required for work during the fiscal year 1925. Commercial statistics.-Commerce for the year 1922 consisted principally of fish, tan bark, hides, and salt. The usual limit of draft for loaded boats is 6 feet but a few vessels drawing as much as 12 to 14 feet use the lower part of the channel as far up as West Point Slough. The greater portion of the commerce of the waterway uses the improved section. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918 ...................... 18,192 $1,130, 740 1921..................... 15,143 $840,509 1919..................... 12,048 665,395 1922...................... 16,090 922,476 1920 ..................... 28, 568 1,160, 042 1 Exclusive of commerce below West Point Slough, amounting to about 5,000 or 6,000 tons annually. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work-__- - -------------------- $41, 763. 46 Maintenance ----------------------------------- 5, 177. 93 Net total expended -------------------------------- 46, 941. 39 Total appropriations to date of this report _------------------- 47, 692. 66 1626 .RREPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 ................ Expended for new work................. .. . .. ........... Expended for maintenance ...... $100.00 $233.56 .............. $250.00 $248.73 Appropriated or allotted. ...................... ....... .............. ........... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--- ------------------------- $1, 000. 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 248. 73" July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--___-__-_____ 751. 27 3. OAKLAND HARBOR, CALIF. (A3.) Location and description.-This harbor is on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay, opposite the city of San Francisco. It is a tidal estuary, about 1,000 feet wide and 7 miles long, with a natural tidal basin called San Leandro Bay at the upper end. The entrance- channel, known as San Antonio Estuary, extends from deep water in the bay a distance of about 2 miles, and is protected by two stone training walls or jetties. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5402.) Original condition.-The waterway was shallow and commerce, was possible only at the higher stages of the tide. The channel had' a general width of 500 feet and a controlling depth at mean lower- low water of 2 feet. The head of navigation was Brooklyn Basin, in the upper part of Oakland, about 5 miles from the mouth of the estuary. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the- river and harbor act of June 23, 1874, and modified by the river and harbor acts of June 13, 1902, March 2, 1907, and June 25, 1910. The amount expended on the original and modified projects was: $5,070,829.21, of which $4,386,801.03 was for new work and $684,- 028.18 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1979 of Annual Report for 1915, and page 1755 Annual Report for 1921. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 30 feet deep and 800 feet wide through the shoal southeast of Goat Island, narrowing to 600 feet at the ends of Oakland jetties; a channel from the ends of the jetties to Webster Street, 30 feet deep and 600 feet wide, with additional widening to the pierhead line in front of the munici- pal wharf; a channel from Webster Street to Brooklyn Basin 30 feet deep and 500 feet wide; the south channel of Brooklyn Basin 30 feet deep and 500 feet wide; a turning basin at the east end of Brooklyn Basin 30 feet deep, 500 feet wide, and 1,200 feet long; a channel in the tidal canal from the Brooklyn Basin to Park Street 30 feet deep and 275 feet wide; above the Park Street Bridge a channel 18 feet deep and 300 feet wide through the Oakland Tidal Canal to San Leandro Bay, making a total length of 9k miles; parallel rubble-mound jetties at the entrance, a north jetty 9,500 feet long and a south jetty 12,000 feet long; the maintenance to project depth and to within 75 feet of the pierhead line of the area along the south side of the channel from Harrison Street eastward to Brook- lyn Basin; and three highway bridges across the tidal canal, con- structed by the United States, and to be operated by local authori- RIVERS AND HARBORS---1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1627 ties. The river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, provides that no work shall be done above the Webster Street and Harrison Street Bridges until those bridges have been removed or so altered, in ac- cordance with plans approved by the Secretary of War and the Chief of Engineers, as to provide suitable facilities for navigation. Pending the removal of the Webster Street and Harrison Street Bridges the project above the Harrison Street Bridge provides for a channel 30 feet deep and 500 feet wide to the Brooklyn Basin; thence a channel 25 feet deep and 300 feet wide around said basin; thence a channel 18 feet deep and 300 feet wide through the Oakland Tidal Canal to San Leandro Bay; and the maintenance to project depth and to within 75 feet of the pierhead line of the area along the south side of the channel from Harrison Street eastward to Brook- lyn Basin. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 6.3 feet and the extreme range is 12 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, made in 1921, and adopted by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, is $1,371,450. The latest (1921) estimate for annual maintenance of the entire project is $60,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 23, 1874, provided for the jetties (An- nual Report for 1874, pages 382-383); the act of June 25, 1910, pro- vided for the channels above the Park Street bridge (H. Doc. No. 647, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of March 2, 1919, provided for maintenance of the area along the south side of the channel from Harrison Street to Brooklyn Basin (H. Doc. No. 1131, 65th Cong., 2d sess.) ; and the act of September 22, 1922, provided for the pres- ent dimensions of the channels west of the Park Street bridge (H. Doc. No. 144, 67th Cong., 2d sess.). The drawbridges across the tidal canal were required by the decree of the court in the condem- nation proceedings whereby title was obtained to the right of way for the canal. The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1911, page 2556. Recommended modifications for project. None. Local cooperation.-Underthe provisions of the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, local interests bear the expense of operation and maintenance of the three drawbridges across the tidal canal. Local interests also maintain a dredging plant on works in conjunc- tion with the Government work. The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, authorizes the mainte- nance of an area along the south side of the channel in Oakland :Estuary from Harrison Street to Brooklyn Basin after such area shall have been first dredged to project depth by local interests. The area has been dredged by those interests at a cost of $256,965. Under the provisions of river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, local interests are required to construct and maintain a dike across the north channel in Brooklyn Basin, provide free of cost to the United States any necessary right of way for dredged channels, and suitable dumping grounds for dredged material. This act also provides that no new work shall be done above the Harrison Street Bridge until the present bridges at Webster and Harrison Streets are removed or altered so as to provide suitable facilities for navi- gation. 1628 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Terminal facilities.-There are 63 wharves and landings, mostly of timber-pile construction. Eight of these wharves are owned by the city of Oakland and are open to the general public on equal terms. The remaining 55 are privately owned and some of them are open to water carriers on equal terms, but most of them are reserved. for the exclusive use of the owners. The charges for wharfage, dock- age, and cargo are practically the same as for the harbor of San Fran- cisco. The municipal wharves and 12 of the privately owned wharves: have spur-track railroad connections as well as warehouse storage facilities. The remaining wharves have easy access to nearby rail- roads by highway. Sixteen wharves have warehouses or storage- facilities. Practically all freight is unloaded from the vessels by ships tackle or by derrick lighter. Some locomotive cranes and der- ricks are used for handling and storing freight on the wharves. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-In the natural condition of the channel little facility for navigation was afforded, and by improvement the- community has been given the full benefit of direct foreign and domestic commerce. Deep-draft ocean vessels make this harbor a port of call. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredg- ing by contract to the dimensions prescribed by the previous project in the channel from the Harrison Street Bridge upstream to the, Brooklyn Basin, thence through the south channel of that basin to a point opposite the east end of Government Island, and in a strip along- the south side of the Government channel between the Harrison Street Bridge and the basin, a total distance of 9,215 feet, was begun Decem- ber 21, 1922, and completed June 6, 1923. The dredged material, amounting to 1,220,071 cubic yards, was pumped ashore on tract 39,. Alameda, and on Government Island. The harbor was patrolled by the district motor boat Suisun to, prevent infractions of the laws for the protection of navigable waters. The expenditures during the fiscal year were $175,837.01, all for main- tenance of previous projects. Survey was made and other work done preparatory to beginning by" contract the new dredging work under the existing project. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No new work was done under the, existing project. The controlling depths at the end of the fiscal year- were 25 feet from deep water in San Francisco Bay to the Western Pacific Lighthouse; thence 29 feet to the Webster Street Bridge;: thence 30 feet to the Brooklyn Basin; thence 25 feet around the, south channel of said basin; and 18 feet through the tidal canal to San Leandro Bay. Proposed operations.-With the funds unexpended June 30, 1923, the following work is proposed for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1924: New work : (a) Dredging under contract --------------- $180, 000. 00 (b) Engineering, office expenses, and contin- gencies---- ---------------------- 20, 257. 22: Total --- -------------------------------------- $200; 257:.22: RIVERS AND HARBORS-1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1629 Maintenance : (a) Operation of dredge San Pablo, 3 months, at $10,000----------------- ---------- $30,000. 00 (b) Pro rata cost of operation of patrol boat Suisun, 12 months, at $200 -------------- 2, 400. 00 (c) Engineering, inspection, and contingencies__ 8, 650. 76 Total -------------------------------------------- $41, 050. 76 Grand total----------------- ---------------------- 241, 307. 98 The above funds for new work will cover operations for about 10 months and will be used for widening, under contract, the channel in the estuary from the ends of the jetties upstream as far as funds will permit, in accordance with the new project adopted by river and harbor act approved September 22, 1922, entailing an average expendi- ture of about $20,000 a month. The above funds will cover about three months of maintenance dredging in the channel bayward of the end of the jetties to deep water in San Francisco Bay at an average expenditure of about $13,500 a month. With the funds that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, it is proposed to continue operations, as follows: New work: (a) Dredging Goat Island Shoal bayward of end of jetties, op- erating dredge San Pablo, 2 months, at $10, 000---------- $20, 000 (b) Pro rata cost of operation of Suisun, 12 months, at $200_ 2, 400 (c) Dredging under contract------------------- ---------- 200, 000 (d) Administration and contingencies_ -... _______--___ 22, 600 Total ---------------------------------------------- 245, 000 The above funds will be used for completing the work under the new project upstream to the Webster Street Bridge, and will cover a full year of operations entailing an average monthly expenditure of about $20,000. Commercial statistics.-The commerce includes foreign and do- mestic traffic and consists principally of lumber, building materials, grain, fuel oil, and coal. The usual limit of draft for ocean vessels is 30 feet, for ferries 12 feet, and for river steamers 7 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. year. year. 2 680 797 1918........ $170, 591, 866 39,331,331 1,945,422 1921........ $113,964, 997 41, 625,502 1919........ 2,344,098 177, 637, 302 42, 061, 360 1922........ 2,111, 917 95, 572, 811 235, 397, 732 1920.....1... 716,332 132 653, 552 43,103,849 1 Exclusive of 1,252,282 tons general ferry and car ferry traffic, value unknown. 2 Ferry traffic. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $266.55: New work ----- --------------------- --------- $4, 386, 801. 03 Maintenance---------------------------------------- 684, 028. 18 Net total expended-- , 070, 829. 21 5------------------------ Total appropriations to date of this report-------------- ---- 5, 312, 137. 19 1630 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS> U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 191919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ $100,400.42 $94, 500.00 $7,34.19 ...................... Expended for maintenance 1.....15,003.86 22,576.52 37,711.12 $101,366.92 $175, 837.01 1. . . .. . . . . . Total expended 115,404.28 117,076.52 45,545.31 101,366.92 175 837.01 Appropriated or allotted......... 116,000.00 200,000.00 7, 834.19 100,000.00 235,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------------ $182, 144. 99 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923_--------------------------------------- 235, 000. 00 417, 144. 99 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for main- tenance_________1_______,___ _- tenane------------------------------------------ ----- 75, 837.01 1,87.0 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------------------- 241, 307. 98 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ------------------ 350. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available-------------------------------- 240, 957. 98 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for com- pletion of existing project-------------- ----------------- 1, 171, 450. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work----------------------------- i245, 000. 00 4. RICHMOND HARBOR, CALIF. (A4.) Location and description.-Thisharbor lies on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay about 8 miles northeast of San Francisco. When completed this harbor will be about 2J miles in length and about 1,000 feet in width. It is formed partly by an indentation in the shore line and will be protected by an artificial training wall. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5402. Original condition.-This locality had a minimum usable depth of about 6 feet in the outer part and the inner part was the mouth of a slough, dry at low water. Navigation in the inner part was possible only at the higher stages of the tide. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This contemplates an entrance channel 600 feet wide protected by a training wall faced with riprap, a suitable turn- ing basin at Point Potrero, and a channel thence to Ellis Slough, all to a depth of 24 feet at mean lower low water. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 5.9 feet, and the extreme tidal range is 10.5 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1913, is $856,000. The latest (1913) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $15,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917 (H. Doc. No. 515, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). This document contains the latest published map. Recommended modifications of project.--None. Local cooperation.-The project requires local interests to con- tribute one-half the cost of the work, and also requires the city of Richmond, Calif., to construct all bulkheads necessary to retain the dredged material and to convey to the United States free of cost title to such lands required in the execution of the project as the 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1631 Secretary of War may decide should be owned by the General Gov- ernment. The city of Richmond has pledged itself to provide funds for the construction of bulkheads and for dredging amounting to one-half the total cost of the work. The Secretary of War approved this action February 18, 1918. To date the city has contributed $200,000, the equivalent of funds provided by the Federal Government for dredging, and has ex- pended $107,123.65 toward the construction of bulkheads. Terminal facilities.-There are in Richmond Harbor five wharves. Outside the harbor, but within the city limits, are three ferry slips and berthing space belonging to the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Co., two wharves of the Standard Oil Co., two wharves of the Richmond Belt Line Railway, two quarry wharves, and one automobile ferry slip. One of the wharves within the harbor is of concrete, is owned by the municipality, and is open to the general public on reasonable terms. The municipal wharf and four of the outer wharves have spur-track facilities. The oil wharves are equipped with pipe lines and the quarry wharves with bunkers and conveyors. These facilities are considered adequate for the exist- ing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement having been but par- tially completed, there has been but little effect on navigation, and no effect on freight rates by rail or by water. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The usual patrolling with the Suisun was done and the contract dredging for new work and maintenance was continued until completed on November 10, 1922. The amount of material dredged was 1,302,358 cubic yards, of which 798,361 cubic yards was for maintenance, and the balance for new work. The harder material from the upper end of the project, amounting to 176,086 cubic yards, was pumped a distance of about 1 miles and was used to build a section of training wall, 800 feet in length, springing from the western shore of Brooks Island. In all 5,034 tons of riprap stone was placed on the training wall as a protective blanket, which was completed May 8, 1923. The dredging work provided a channel 24 feet deep at mean lower low water and about 16,000 feet in length, as follows: From deep water in San Francisco Bay 300 feet wide for a distance up- stream of 4,300 feet; thence 200 feet wide for a distance of 5,500 feet to Point Potrero; thence 300 feet wide for a distance of 1,800 feet around the bend at Point Potrero; thence 200 feet wide for a distance of.3,600 feet; and thence 400 feet wide for a distance of 800 feet to a point about opposite Ellis Landing. Bids for continuing the above work were received June 1, 1923. The expenditures for the fiscal year were $61,782.68 for new work and $107,755.21 for maintenance, of which $68,895.49 was from United States funds and $100,642.40 from contributed funds, includ- ing $44,992.63 contributed by local interests, and expended by the United States for the specific purpose of redredging the basin in front of the municipal wharf. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The controlling depths at the end of the fiscal year were 24 feet at mean low water from deep water 61637--ENG 1923----108 1632 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. in San Francisco Bay to the municipal basin, thence 22 feet to the head of the project opposite Ellis Landing. The 800-foot section of training wall is in normal condition ex- cept that about 25 feet of the bayward end has been depressed below low tide by action of the waves. The municipal basin, which was redredged in June, 1922, to 30 feet at mean lower low water, now has a controlling depth of 28 feet. Based on the original estimate of cost the project is about 47 per cent completed. The new work required to complete the project consists of the dredging necessary to widen the present channel to 600 feet from deep water in San Francisco Bay to Point Potrero, the protection of this channel by a training wall, the dredging of a suitable turn- ing basin at Point Potrero, and thence a channel 600 feet wide to Ellis Slough, all to a depth of 24 feet at mean lower low water. The project also requires, when needed for impounding dredging spoils, the construction by local interests of a bulkhead from the municipal wharf to Point Potrero, a distance of 5,200 feet. The total expenditures under the existing project to end of fiscal year were $258,070.10 for new work, and $135,949.40 for maintenance, making a total of $394,019.50, of which $178,959.95 was from United States funds and $215,059.55 from contributed funds. Proposed operations.-With the funds available, and to be con- tributed, the following work is proposed for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1924: New work: (a) Contract dredging __------------------ $182, 000. 00 (b) Training wall, dike by contract and riprap by hired labor, about 2,000 feet, at $25--___------------------------- 50, 000. 00 (c) Pro rata cost of operation of patrol boat Suisun, 12 months, at $200 ------------------------------------- 2, 400. 00 (4) Engineering, superintendence, and contingencies-__-___ 21, 580. 50 Total---------------------_ 255, 980. 50 The above funds will be used for continuing improvement under the existing project, dredging from deep water in San Francisco Bay to and in front of the municipal basin, and from Point Potrero up- stream to end of project. The channel from deep water in San Francisco Bay to and in front of the municipal basin will be widened 150 feet more, or to a total width of 450 feet, and the channel above Point Potrero will be widened 150 feet more, or to a total width of 350 feet, except at the upper end which will be widened an addi- tional 200 feet to a total width of 600 feet. The training wall will be extended as far as funds and the available harder dredged mate- rial will permit, estimated at 2,000 linear feet. The above funds will cover about 8 months of operations at an average expenditure of about $31,000 a month. With the funds that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, the following work is proposed: New work: (a) Contract dredging-__----_______ $180, 000 (b) Training wall-- --- 56, 000 (c) Pro rata cost of operation of patrol boat Suisun, 12 months, at $200 -------- 2, 400 (4) Engineering, superintendence, and contingencies-- -' :17, 600 Total 56, 000 2--------------------- RIVERS AND HARBORS--1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1633 Of the above funds one-half, or $128,000, would be provided by local interests. These funds will be applied for improvement under the existing project entailing an expenditure of about $26,000 a month, for 10 months, during the latter part of the fiscal year 1925. Commercial statistics.--The traffic consists principally of fuel oil and building materials. The usual limit of draft of vessels using the improved section is 6 feet, although occasional trips are made by vessels drawing as much as 26 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 19181.................... 2, 076,116 $33, 766, 420 1921 2.................... 18, 880 $3, 170, 423 11992................. .. 36,707 5,736,102 1922 2..................... 29, 642 82,478,879 19202................... 55, 480 23, 348, 434 1 Included commerce of Richmond Outer Harbor. 2 Exclusive of commerce of Richmond Outer Harbor. 3 In addition to the above there was considerable traffic handled over wharves located near the entrance and north of Richmond Harbor, amounting to 407,584 tons of foreign freight, valued at $7,866,347, and 3,756,411 tons of domestic freight, valued at $46,760,630. Financial summary. UNITED STATES FUNDS. Anount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work-- --------------------------------------- $131, 668. 17 Maintenance__-------------------_____- 47, 291. 78 Net total expended--__ _---____ -__________- _-- -- 178, 959. 95 Total appropriations to date of this report ---- _----_----___ 300, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work ........ $97, 699. 16 $97. 95 $207.31 ........... $33, 485.47 Expended for maintenance ...................................... 11, 881. 76 35, 410.02 Total expended............ 97, 699.16 97.95 207.31 11, 881.76 68, 895. 49 Appropriated or allotted........ ... .......... ............ 100, 000.00 100, 000.00 .............. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ------- ------------------ $189, 935. 54 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work____-------------------------- $33, 485.47 For maintenance_---------------------__ 35, 410. 02 68, 895. 49 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--- -------------------- - 121, 040. 05 ,,_ -____ July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities_ ...... _____- ----- 210. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available-------------------------------- 120, 830. 05 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-------- a 173, 583. 39 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work-, 2_ ------------- __ -- - 000. 00 -128, 1Exclusive of available funds. 1634 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work-------------------------- $126, 401.93 Maintenance --------------- -------------------------- 88, 657. 62 Net total expended______________-_______ ____ 215, 059. 55 Total contributions to date of this report--------------------- 350, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.........$97, 257.13 $585.02 $262.57 .. 297.21 $28, Expended for maintenance...... .......... .............. ........... $16,312. 6.. 43 72,345. 19 Total expended............ 97,257.13 585.02 262.57 16312.43 100, 642. 40 Contributed....................... .......................... 150,000.00 100,00000 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended. $135, 582. 85 Amount contributed by city of Richmond July 12, 1923__-- -- __- 100, 000. 00 235, 582. 85 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work ----------------------------- $28, 297.21 For maintenance_________---- __------------72, 345. 19 100, 642. 40 July 1,1923, balance unexpended ---------------------- 34, 940. 45 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ---- ___-____ -___ 5, 007..37 July 1, 1923, balance available___________________________ __ 29,933.08 Amount (estimated) required to be contributed for completion of existing project ---- 583. 39 1---------------------- 173, Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work--------------------------------- 128, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR RICHMOND HARBOR. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work----------- -- -------------------- $258, 070. 10 Maintenance---------------------------------------- 135, 949. 40 Net total expended_------- ------------------------ 394, 019. 50 Total appropriations and contributions to date of this report--- 650, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work ........ $194,956. 29 $682.97 $469. 88 .............. $61, 782.68 Expended for maintenance................................................. 28,94. 19 107, 755.21 Total expended............ 194, 956. 29 682. 97 469. 88 28,194.19 169, 537. 89 Appropriated, allotted or con- tributed....... ................... ........... 100,000.00 00. 00 25000. 100, 000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended----- -------------------- $325, 518. 39 Amount contributed by city of Richmond July 12, 1923 --------- 100, 000. 00 P 518. 39 425, 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1635 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work------------------------ $61, 782. 68 For maintenance____--------, ---------- _ 107, 755. 21 $169, 537. 89 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ...... ^__---,_----- 255, 980. 50 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities---------------------------- 5, 217. 37 July 1, 1923, balance available_ ____,_ ------ 250, 763. 13 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated and contributed for completion of existing project ..-------. ----- 347, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work____-- - -___-_-__--__-- -____- -__ x256, 000. 00 5. SAN PABLO BAY AND MARE ISLAND STRAIT, CALIF. (A5.) Location and description.-The channel covered by this improve- ment has its lower end in San Pablo Bay, about 132.miles north of San Francisco. San Pablo Bay proper is 12 miles long and 9 miles wide. The Government channel improvement has a length of about 121 miles, beginning at a point west of Point Pinole in San Pablo Bay and extending in a general northeasterly direction to the upper end of the bay and thence northerly to Mare Island Navy Yard on Mare Island Strait. From the lower end of Mare Island a long dike built by the Navy Department protects the channel on the west. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5502.) Original condition.-Before improvement navigation for deep- draft vessels was possible only at the higher stages of the tide. The depth in Mare Island Strait was sufficient, being about 27 feet, but there was a shoal in San Pablo Bay with a minimum usable depth of 19 feet at mean lower low water, limiting the draft of vessels going to and from Mare Island and Carquinez Straits and Suisun and upper San Pablo Bays. Previous projects.-The channel in Mare Island Strait has been under improvement by the Navy Department for a number of years, but there has been no previous War Department project for that waterway. The original project for San Pablo Bay was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. The amount expended thereon prior to commencement of operations in 1911, under the ex- isting project, was $335,165.33, all for new work, and not including $22,422.40 recovered by the contractor subsequently through a ruling by the Auditor for the War Department. For further details of previous projects for San Pablo Bay, see page 1981 of Annual Re- port for 1915, and for details of Mare Island Strait improvement by the Navy Department, see page 4 of House Document No. 1103, Sixtieth Congress, second session. Existing project.-This provides for dredging a channel across Pinole Shoal in San Pablo Bay 44,000 feet long, 500 feet wide, and 35 feet deep at mean lower low water; thence through Mare Island Strait, a channel 16,000 feet long, 500 feet wide, and 35 feet deep, with a turning basin 1,000 feet wide in front of the quay wall. It also includes a seagoing hopper dredge for maintenance. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 6.50 feet, with an extreme range of 10 feet. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1636 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1917, is $1,421,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1920) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $100,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of February 27, 1911, provided for a depth of 30 feet through Pinole Shoals (H. Doc. No. 1103, 60th Cong., 2d sess.), and the act of August 8, 1917, provided for a depth of 35 feet and the turning basin (H. Doc. No. 140, 65th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in Annual Report for 1915, page 3154. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.-" Eco- nomic loading for a hopper dredge." See " The Military Engineer," page 20, Vol. XV, No. 79, for January-February, 1923. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities reported for San Pablo Bay and Mare Island Strait include those of Carquinez Strait. There are 5 wharves of the usual pile construction along the south- ern shore of San Pablo Bay and 2 along the northern shore, and 15 wharves of similar construction along the southern shore of Car- quinez Strait and 4 on the northern shore of this strait, practically all of which are privately owned. The larger ones are provided with warehouse storage facilities, and spur tracks are provided at the most important wharves, affording connection with transconti- nental railroads as well as local roads. Among these are three oil pipe-line terminals which connect with the southern California oil fields. Local interests have expended about $450,000 on docks, piers, and ferry slips, and about $90,000 in dredging approaches to those docks and making other improvements. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. On Mare Island Strait the facili- ties on the western or navy yard shore include a long quay wall and numerous piers and wharves belonging to the Navy Department. On the eastern or Vallejo shore there are 14 wharves. One of these is owned and controlled by the city of Vallejo, and the others are privately owned. Six have storage facilities, 4 have railway ter- minal facilities, 3 are provided with oil pipe lines, and 2 with water pipe lines. The facilities are adequate for all present needs. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made shipping points on San Pablo Bay, Carquinez Strait, and Mare Island Strait accessible for deep-draft ocean vessels, and has also made it possible for all but the deepest draft Navy vessels to reach Mare Island Navy Yard. Traffic on these waterways is not in competition with rail lines. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The usual patrolling was done with the Suisun, and the United States seagoing hopper dredge San Pablo worked from July 1, 1922, till September 30, 1922, in Mare Island Strait, and from October 23, 1922, to the end of the fiscal year on Pinole Shoal in San Pablo Bay. From Mare Island Strait 556,000 cubic yards of material, place measurement, was dredged from the entrance upstream to about 300 feet below the up- per end of the project, a distance of 16,600 feet, and practically all of it was pumped ashore at Vallejo. From Pinole Shoal, over the channel length of 40,000 feet, 3,752,695 cubic yards of material, RIVERS AND HARBORS-1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1637 place measurement, was removed and dumped on the mud flat about one-half mile to the north of the channel, making a total of 4,308,695 cubic yards, place measurement, dredged during the fiscal year. In Mare Island Strait, upon completion of dredging in the fall of 1922, there was a depth of 31 feet up to Sperry's wharf, thence up- stream 33 feet to Dike 2, and thence 30 feet up to within 800 feet of the upper limit of the project, and at the end of the fiscal year the controlling depth in the channel over Pinole Shoal had been increased 6 feet, giving a depth of 34 feet below mean lower low water. During the year monthly surveys and place measurement estimates were made of the project channels. The amount expended during the fiscal year was $132,349.78, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 51 per cent completed. The channel across Pinole Shoal was com- pleted in 1914 under the existing project, and in addition the Navy Department built a pile dike about parallel with the channel from the southwest point of Mare Island. This dike has materially bene- fited both the Mare Island Strait and the San Pablo Bay channels. At the end of the fiscal year there was a channel of full project width with a controlling depth of 34 feet over Pinole Shoal in San Pablo Bay, a depth of 24 feet in Mare Island Strait channel up to Dike 1, and above Dike 1, in the turning basin there was a controlling depth of 23 feet in the westerly half and 18 to 24 feet in the easterly half. The following work remains to be done: (a) To dredge Pinole Shoal channel in San Pablo Bay from the present least depth of 34 feet to project depth; total about 500,000 cubic yards, for maintenance. (b) To dredge the channel in Mare Island Strait to project dimensions. (c) To dredge a turning basin opposite the quay wall of Mare Island Navy Yard. Total of (b) and (c) is about 1,700,000 cubic yards for new work, and 2,253,450 cubic yards for maintenance. The expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $931,013.62 for new work and $504,248.52 for main- tenance, a total of $1,435,262.14. In addition to the expenditures made by the War Department the sum of $297,912.20 was expended by the Navy Department in the construction of the long dike. Proposedoperations.-Withthe balance unexpended June 30, 1923, the following work is proposed for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1924: New work: (a) Annual overhauling of dredge San Pablo__------------- $20, 000. 00 (b) Operation and repairs of dredge San Pablo, 9 months, at $10,000 ___________-------------------------- ------ 90, 000.00 (c) Pro rata cost of operation of Suisun, 12 months, at $150___ 1, 800. 00 (d) Engineering, superintendence, office expenses, and con- tingencies------------------------------------- 49, 163. 34 Total------ ---------------- ---------------------- 160, 963.34 The above funds will cover one year of operations at an average expenditure of about $13,000 a month. The work will consist of the continuation of the dredging with the San Pablo, deepening the channel through San Pablo Bay, Mare Island Strait, and in the turning basin in Mare Island Strait, to full project dimensions. 1638 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. With the funds that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925, it is proposed to continue operations as heretofore, as follows : New work: (a) Annual overhauling of dredge San Pablo_______________ $12, 000 (b) Operation and repairs of dredge San Pablo, 9 months, at $10,000 ------------------------------------------ 90, 000 (c) Pro rata cost of operation of patrol boat Suisun, 12 months, at $150 ------ -- ----------------------------------- 800 (d) Engineering, superintendence, office expenses, and contin- gencie___ ------------------------------------------ 26, 200 Total ---------------------------------------------- 130, 000 The above will cover one year of operations, entailing an average expenditure of about $10,800 a month. Commercial statistics.-The commerce comprises foreign and do- mestic traffic and consists mainly of petroleum products and grain. Practically all the commerce uses the improved section. The usual limit of draft for loaded vessels is 8 feet for the river boats, 15 feet for lumber schooners in the coastwise trade, and 27 to 30 feet for fuel oil and sugar carriers. Comparative statement. Calendar yeCalar Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar Calear. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918........ 1 3, 998,014 $128,909,637 1,014, 895 1921........ 2 1, 755,327 $84,020,595 ............ 1919........ 14321 904 164,059 377 1 013,378 1922...2.... 22,292,249 98,033, 596 627,786 1920........ 302 778 36,503,808 1,040,625 1 Does not include traffic on Mare Island Strait. 2 The traffic of Carquinez Strait, reported separately for 1920, was included in San Pablo Bay report before that year. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $11,424.33: New work_ ______ --------------------- $1, 266, 178. 95 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 504, 248. 52 Net total expended_ ___------- 1,770, 427. 47 Total appropriations to date of this report --- 1, 931, 390. 81 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1...... .... ......... 95,107. 80 $63, 186.87 ........... Expended for maintenance 1..... $53, 597. 83 $70, 322.36 26, 444.86 57, 063.75 $132, 349.78 Total expended 1. .. 53, 597. 83 70, 322.36 121,552.66 120, 250.62 132, 349.78 Appropriated or allotted......... 107,300.00 .............. ..................... 130, 000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended -------------------------- $163, 266. 27 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923------- -------------------------------- 130, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 -------- 46. 85 293, 313. 12 RIVERS AND HARBORS-1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1639 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for main- tenance 1-- ----- --------------- - ------ $132, 349. 78 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -------------------------- 160, 963. 34 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities---------------------------4, 766. 36 July 1, 1923, balance available------- 156, 196. 98 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------------------------ 333, 782. 19 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work -_____- ____- ___-___--___2130, 000. 00 6. SUISUN BAY CHANNEL, CALIF. (A6.) Location and description.-SuisunBay is about 30 miles northeast of San Francisco, is 16 miles long and from 1 to 3 miles in width. Suisan Bay Channel extends across the southern limits of Suisun Bay froni San Pablo Bay to the mouths of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers on the southeast side of the bay. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5534.) Originalcondition.-This channel varied in width from 100 to 400 feet, with minimum depths of 16 to 19 feet in the lower part and 9 feet in the upper or eastern part, known as New York Slough. The navigable portion was 16J miles in length. The lower part of the channel was used by ocean vessels, but above Bay Point opposite Roe Island navigation was possible only for light-draft vessels and river steamers. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 300 feet wide from Martinez to Antioch, Calif., 24 feet deep across the lower shoal near Bulls Head Point, thence 20 feet deep across Point Edith and Middle Ground Shoals, and thence 18 feet deep through New York Slough. All depths are referred to mean lower low water. The range be- tween mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 5 feet with an extreme range of 9 feet. The estimate of cost for fnew work made in 1917 is $129,000. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $7,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 986, 65th Cong., 2d sess.). This docu- ment contains the latest published map. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-One-half the first cost of the work was re- quired of local interests by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919. In addition, local interests were required to provide storage room for dredged material and to build the necessary impounding levees. These conditions were fulfilled. Terminal facilities.--Along this channel there are 19 wharves of ordinary pile and timber construction, all of which are privately owned. Only one of these wharves is open to the public, and this is open to all carriers on equal terms. These facilities are adequate for existing commerce. For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has made it- possible for ocean-going vessels to reach the main shipping points on Suisun 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1640 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Bay and in New York Slough, and it has shortened the route to the mouths of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers, thereby reducing the cost of shipments from these points. Operations and results during fiscal year.--The usual surveys and inspections were made, and the waters were patrolled by the district motor boat Suisun to prevent infractions of the War Department fishing regulations and other regulations for the protection of navi- gable waters. During the fiscal year the expenditures were $446.04, all for main- tenance, of which $47.51 was from contributed funds and $398.53 from United States funds. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The existing project was coin- pleted in February, 1920, and the only work remaining to be done under the existing project is that of maintenance. At the end of the fiscal year the controlling depths were as follows: 24 feet across Bulls Head Point Shoal, 19 feet across Point Edith Shoal, 17 feet across Middle Ground Shoal, and 18 feet in New York Slough, all below mean lower low water. Under the existing project the expenditures to the end of the fiscal year were $118,452.49 for new work and $12,047.51 for mainte- nance, a total of $130,500, of which $65,000 was from contributed funds and $65,500 from funds provided by the United States. Proposed operations.-With the balance unexpended June 30, 1923, work is proposed for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1924: Maintenance : (a) Redredging with the U. S. hopper dredge San Pablo, one month, at $10,000 ---- __ --- _________-_ $10, 000 (b) Pro rata cost of operation of Suisun, one month, at $200 ._ 200 (c) Engineering, inspection, office expenses, and contingencies___ 2, 800 Total--- --------------------------------- ------- 13, 000 The work proposed will cover about one month of dredging dur- ing the latter part of the fiscal year 1924, at an expenditure of about $13,000. With the funds that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925, it is proposed to maintain project dimensions in the chan- nels, to make the usual surveys and inspections, and to patrol the bay with the Suisun to enforce fishing and other laws and regulations for the protection of navigable waters. The expenditures will be about as follows: Maintenance: (a) Redredging with the U. S. hopper dredge San Pablo, one month, at $10,000--_____-___--------------------- $10, 000 (b) Pro rata cost of operation of patrol boat Suisun, one month, at $200----- ------------- 200 (c) Engineering, inspection, office expenses, and contingencies.. 2, 800 Total -------------------------------------------- 13, 000 The work proposed will cover about one month of dredging during the latter part of the fiscal year 1925, at an expenditure of about $13,000. Commercial statistics.-The main items of freight for this water- way are"lumber and petroleum products. The increase in the ton- nage for the year 1922 was due to an increase in fuel oil shipments. The usual limit of draft for river steamers using the waterway is 8 feet, for lumber schooners 15 feet, and for fuel-oil carriers 30 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS--1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1641 Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1919...................... 288,233 $6,849,546 1921...................... 519,532 $19,271,264 1920 ................... 362,223 13,033.360 1922 ..................... 1,272,938 31,558,538 Financialsummary. UNITED STATES FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $150: New New-work work_____________________ ______ ----------------------------------------- $58,901.25 $890.2 Maintenance____________________ , 598. 75 6___ Net total expended----------------------------------65, 500. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 78, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........................ $35,392.72 $3,658.53 Expended for maintenance...... ................ .......... 242.50 $5,957.72 $398.53 Total expended........... ............ 55,392.72 3,901.03 5,957.72 398.53 Appropriated or allotted......... $64,500.00 ............ .............. 1,000.00 13,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ---------------- $398. 53 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved -- March 2, 1923___________- __---_13, 000. 00 13, 398. 53 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 398. 53 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ___ ____---__ __----13, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance_______----- --- __-----1 13, 000. 00 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ---------- - ----------------------- 59, 551. 24 Maintenance- ----------- ---------------- 5, 448. 76 Net total expended- ----------------------------- 65, 000. 00 Total contributions to date of this report-------------------- 65, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........................ $56,113.81 $3, 437.43 ..................... Expended for maintenance................... ..................... $5, 401.1 $47.51 Contributed .................. ............ 65,000.00 ... .......................... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ------------------------------- $47. 51 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for main- tenance 47.51 4-.5------------- 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1642 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR SUISUN BAY CHANNEL. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $150: New work ----------------------------------------- $118, 452, 49 Maintenance __----------------------------------------- 12, 047. 51 Net total expended --------------------------------- 130, 500. 00 Total appropriations and contributions to date of this report---- 143, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1.................. $111,506.53 $7,095.96 ............ ......... Expended for maintenance 1..... ... ........... ......... . 50 242. 11, 358.97 3446.04 Total expended 1........ .............. 111, 506.53 7,338.46 11,358.97 446.04 Appropriated or allotted......... $64500.00 65, 00. 00 ........... .... 1,000.00 13, 000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------------ $446. 04 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap-" proved Mar. 2, 1923 --------------------------------- 13, 000. 00 13, 446. 04 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for main- tenance------------------------------------------------------ 446. 04 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--------------------------- 13, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance_________-- ___-__________ 113 000. 00 7. SUISUN CHANNEL, CALIF. (A7.) Location and description.-This waterway, known also as Suisun Slough or Suisun Creek, is a tidal inlet with its mouth on the north- west side of Suisun Bay, about 7 miles northeast of Benicia and 36 miles northeast of San Francisco. The tide from Suisun Bay reaches the town of Suisun at the head of the creek, about 17 miles above the mouth. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5534.) Original condition.-In its original condition the channel was about 600 feet wide in the lower section and 80 feet in the upper. The usable depth at mean lower low water varied from 17 feet at the mouth to zero near the town of Suisun, which was the head of navigation. This channel was navigable at all stages of tide in its lower reaches, but navigation in the upper half mile was possible only at the higher stages of tide. The length of the navigable portion was about 17 miles. Previous project.-None. Existing project.-This contemplates dredging a channel 125 feet wide and 6 feet deep at mean lower low water up to the head of navi- gation, with a harbor of the same depth at the town of Suisun 1,400 feet long and 150 feet wide, and the removal of a rock from the center of the channel about 2 miles below the head of navigation. The length of the section requiring dredging is about 1 mile, the lower end of this section being about 16 miles from the mouth of the slough. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1643 high water is 7.5 feet with an extreme range of 9.2 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1908 is $25,000. The latest (1908) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $2,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 1110, 60th Cong., 2d sess.), and amended by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, to provide for modification of the project by the Secretary of War. The latest published map is in the document mentioned. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Underthe provisions of the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, the right of way for the cut-off was furnished free of cost to the United States, but the dredging of the cut-off was eliminated by the Secretary of War in accordance with the terms of the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913. Local interests have done dredging to the amount of over $8,000 in extension of the work done by the Government. Terminal facilities.-There are three commercial wharves, a lum- ber wharf, and an oil pipe-line terminal, all of the usual pile con- struction. Two of these have warehouse storage facilities with spur- track connection with the Vallejo & Northern Railway, a local elec- tric road. They are all for private use except one, which is open to all water carriers on equal terms. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has provided a perma- nent channel that is adequate for present and prospective commerce, but is little used, due to the low rates established by the railroad com- peting with this waterway. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Duringthe fiscal year the only work consisted of the usual surveys, office work, collection of commercial statistics, and patrolling with the district motor boat Suisun to prevent violation of the laws and regulations for the pro- tection of navigable waters. During the fiscal year $873.37 was expended for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-All new work under the exist- ing project was completed during the fiscal year 1921. The only work remaining consists of maintenance of the existing improve- ments and patrolling with the Suisun. A channel 125 feet wide and 6 feet deep, and a harbor at the upper end, were completed in 1914, except for the small subaqueous rock removed in July, 1920. At the end of the fiscal year the controlling depth was 6 feet at mean lower low water to the harbor and 4 feet in the harbor. This depth of channel is now considered sufficient for the existing and prospec- tive commerce. The expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $22,984.77 for new work and $3,311.76 for maintenance, making a total of $26,296.53. Proposed operations.-With the balance unexpended June 30, 1923, the following work is proposed for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1924: Maintenance: (a) Pro rata cost of operation of Suisun, 3 month, at $65 .-- - $195. 00 (b) Engineering, inspection, and office expenses ---- ----------- 305. 00 (o) Available for future expenditure about------- ------------ 203. 47 Total _-------------------------. - ---- 703. 47 1644 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The usual patrolling for the protection of navigable waters will be done by the district motor boat Suisun, and the usual surveys to determine the condition of the channel, and collection of com- mercial statistics will be made during the fiscal year 1924. The deterioration at the end of the fiscal year in the channel un- der improvement is estimated at 15,000 cubic yards, but it is not expected that any maintenance dredging will be necessary during the fiscal years 1924 and 1925. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the waterway consists principally of fuel oil. The usual limit of draft for loaded boats is 6 feet. All the traffic reported uses the improved section. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918....................... 44,527 $445, 270 1921.................. ... 42,016 $398,405 1919.......... ........... 16,731 184, 041 1922..................... 55,836 447,116 1920 .................... 71,207 844,086 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work----- ---------------------------------- $22, 984. 77 Maintenance -- ------------------------------------- 3, 311. 76 Net total expended--------------------------------- 26, 296. 53 Total appropriations to date of this report ---------------- _ 27, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1... .............. 543.25 $5,898.99 ......... Expended for maintenance 1......................... ......... $388.29 $873.37 Total expended 1......... ........... 543.25 5,898.99 388.29 873.37 Appropriated or allotted ........ ............ ......... ..... ............. ..............-... . 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-- -------------------------- $1, 576. 84 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 873. 37 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------------------------- 703. 47 8. NAPA RIVER, CALIF. (AS.) Location and description.-This river rises in the St. Helena Mountains, flows in a southerly direction, and empties into Mare Island Strait, an arm of San Pablo Bay. The river has a length of 45 miles. The navigable portion of this river is chiefly a tidal estuary. The tide reaches the head of navigation, 18 miles above the mouth. There is no discharge except that caused by winter rains, which are usually confined to a few months of the year. The maxi- mum discharge has been about 10,900 second-feet at high water. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5502.) RIVERS AND HARBORS-1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1645 Originalcondition.-Before improvement the river had a minimum usable depth at mean lower low water of 10 feet and a width of 300 feet for the first 12 miles above the mouth and about 1 foot depth on the crest of the bars and a width of 125 feet in the next 6 miles to the city of Napa, the head of navigation. Navigation to Napa was pos- sible only at the highest stages of the tide. The navigable portion was 18 miles long. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for dredging, removing rock at Lone Tree Reef, and removing snags and overhanging trees to obtain and maintain a channel 75 feet wide and 4 feet deep at mean lower low water to the head of navigation, and for four cut-offs 6 feet deep at mean lower low water, 80 feet wide at Jacks and Car Bends, 60 feet wide at Spreckels Point, and 100 feet wide at Horseshoe Bend. The length of the section included in the project is 18 miles. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 6.50 feet at the mouth and 8 feet at the head of navigation, with an extreme range of 11 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, re- vised in 1919, is $70,600. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of August 11, 1888, provided for the 4-foot channel and removal of Lone Tree Reef (Annual Report for 1885, p. 2343), and the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, provided for the cut- offs (H. Doc. No. 795, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the latter document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, required local interests to furnish the land necessary for the cut-offs. Strips of land necessary for three of the four proposed cut-offs have been acquired and the titles thereto are now being perfected preparatory to transfer to the United States. Terminal facilities.-There are 12 wharves of ordinary pile con- struction, 4 of which have warehouse storage facilities, but only 1 has direct connection with railroads, all the others being connected by highway only. Two of the wharves are owned by the city of Napa; 1 is owned by the State of California and reserved for the exclusive use of a State institution. Three of these wharves are open to the public on reasonable terms. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement provides water trans- portation facilities for a comparatively large tonnage, principally sand and gravel dredged from the river. The improvement has kept railroad rates at a level sufficiently low to compete with water trans- portation. Operations and results during fiscal year.-During the year the collection of statistics of traffic on the wate;way and efforts to ob- tain title to the land necessary for purposes of the improvement, as required by the conditions of the project, comprised the only work performed. The maintenance of the channel in Napa River has been provided for by the dredging done by private parties to obtain sand and gravel for comnmercal use. There were no expenditures during the fiscal year. 1646 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was practically com- pleted in 1892, except for cutting off the projecting points of land as originally contemplated. The controlling depth at the end of the fiscal year was 6 feet at mean lower low water. The head of navigation is Napa. The expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $27,555.55 for new work and $32,998.61 for maintenance, a total of $60,554.16. Proposed operations.-The dredging done by private parties to obtain materials for commercial use has provided ample maintenance for this channel; therefore, it is not expected that any dredging work will be necessary for the next few years. Since it is not expected that any material deterioration in the channel will occur before the end of the fiscal year 1925, and as local interests have not yet complied with the conditions imposed by Con- gress in adopting the project, no funds are required. Commercial statistics.-The main items of commerce are sand, gravel, crushed rock and fuel oil. All the traffic reported uses the improved section. The usual limit of draft of loaded boats is 5 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918................ ..... 93,634 $2,479,095 1921..................... 90,151 766,858 1919.................... 76,667 2,318,922 1922.................... 139, 811 1, 333, 224 1920.................... 111,118 1,054,736 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ------------------------------------------ $27, 555. 55 Maintenance --------------- -------------------------- 32, 998. 61 Net total expended---------------------------------- 60, 554. 16 Total appropriations to date of this report- 0, 554. 16 6------------------ Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............ ...................... ......... Expended for maintenance...... 317.32 $167.05 ............................... Appropriated or allotted........ 20,000.00...................... ................................ Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------- ------------------ -- $43, 000. 00 9. PETALUMA CREEK, CALIF. (A9.) Location and description.-This stream rises in the hills north of Petaluma, flows southeasterly about 20 miles, and empties into the northwest side of San Pablo Bay about 22 miles from San Francisco. The drainage area is 189'square miles. There is no fluvial discharge except during the winter. The tide reaches the head of navigation at Petaluma, 16 miles above the mouth. (See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey chart No. 5502.) Original condition.-This creek was very crooked and about 600 feet wide in the lower section and 80 feet wide in the upper section near Petaluma, which is the head of navigation. At the mouth the RIVERS AND HARBORS-1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1647 depth over the mud flats: was but 2 or 3 feet, and in the upper reaches the creek was dry in many places at low tide. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, and modified by the river and har- bor act of July 13, 1892. The amount expended prior to the com- mencement of operations under the existing project in 1918 was $110,214.75 for new work and $52,585.53 for maintenance, a total of $162,800.28, not including $2,500 contributed by local interests and expended on new work. For further details of previous projects see page 1982 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep at mean lower low water and 200 feet wide across the mud flats in San Pablo Bay; a channel 6 feet deep at mean lower low water by 50 feet wide up to McNears Canal and thence 4 feet deep by 50 feet wide to Wash- ington Street Bridge; four cut-offs, A and B to be 6 feet deep and 100 feet wide, D to be 6 feet deep and 60 feet wide, and E to be 5 feet deep and 60 feet wide; and a turnihg basin 5 feet deep at First and C Streets, Petaluma. The length of the section included in the project is 16 miles and its lower end is in San Pablo Bay outside the mouth. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 6.9 feet at the entrance and 8 feet at the head of navigation, with an extreme range of 11 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1922, is $117,200, exclusive of amount ex- pended under previous projects. The latest 1922 approved estimate for annual cost'of maintenance is $17,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 18, 1918 (H. Doc. No. 849, 65th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The act of July 18, 1918, in adopting the exist- ing project, contained the conditions that before work was begun by the United States local interests should contribute the sum of $6,150 to be used in the improvement below Washington Street, furnish all lands required for the right of way for cut-offs, and give satisfac- tory assurance to the Secretary of War that they would, without cost to the United States, carry out and maintain the work designed for the correction of overflow from Copeland Creek. These conditions have been complied with. Work previously done by local interests for the benefit of the pub- lic on this project amounted to about $92,000 for dredging in a branch canal, and about $26,000 for dredging in the creek and cut- offs. Terminal facilities.-There are 27 wharves of ordinary pile con- struction and 1 pipe-line terminal. Ten of the wharves have ware- house storage facilities, and three others have warehouse connections on shore. Six of the terminals have railroad connections. All the other wharves have connection with railroads by highways. One of the wharves and several buildings are owned by the city of Petaluma and are open to all water carriers without charge. Practically all of the private wharves are said to be open to the public on reasonable terms. These facilities are considered adequate for existing com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) 61637-ENG 1923-----104 1648 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Effect of improvement.-The improvement provides an adequate channel for this waterway, but frequent redredging is necessary to keep the channel open at the mouth and in the upper reaches, be- cause of rapid deterioration from natural causes. Navigation on this waterway maintains low freight rates to Petaluma and sur- rounding territory. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Cut-offs A and B were dredged by contract from August 24 to November 8, 1922, requiring the removal of 465,556 cubic yards of marsh mud, which was all pumped ashore behind levees, thus completing the new work under the existing project. The usual surveys were made, office work was performed, and the waters were patrolled by the Suisun to prevent violations of the laws and regulations for the protection of navigable waters. Preparations were made in June, 1923, to begin maintenance dredging by contract early in the fiscal year 1924. The expenditures for the fiscal year were $40,997.57 for new work and $1,161.17 for maintenance, a total of $42,158.74. Condition at end of fiscal year.-All new work was completed in November, 1922, and there is a channel 200 feet wide and 4 feet deep at mean lower low water across the shoal outside the entrance; thence a channel 50 feet wide and 3 feet deep through cut-off D to McNears Canal; thence one-half foot deep through the turning basin and cut-off E; and above this point one-half foot deep by 35 to 50 feet wide to Washington Street Bridge, Petaluma, the present head of navigation. A short distance above the Washington Street Bridge the creek is practically dry at low water. The work remaining to be done consists of the necessary maintenance dredging. The expendi- tures under the existing project to the end of this fiscal year were $101,868.20 for new work and $20,181.38 for maintenance, a total of $122,049.58, not including $8,150 contributed by local interests and expended on new work. Proposed operations.-With the balance unexpended June 30, 1923, and to be provided, the following work is proposed for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1924: Maintenance: (a) Redredging by contract __---------------------------- $44, 000. 00 (b) Pro rata cost of operation of Suisun, 12 months, at $60-- 720. 00 (c) Inspections, surveys, and contingencies-----------------3, 787. 58 Total_____-- ------------------------- 48, 507. 58 The above funds will be used for dredging across the flats 6 feet deep; from the Northwestern Pacific Railroad Bridge to McNears Canal 6 feet deep; from McNears Canal to D Street Bridge, 4 feet deep; and above the D Street Bridge through the turning basin so far as funds will permit. The above work will require about three months of contract dredging during the fiscal year 1924, at an average expenditure of about $16,000 a month. With the funds that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, it is proposed to continue operations about as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1649 Maintenance: (a) Redredging by contract_ ------------------------------ $33, 000 (b) Pro rata cost of operation of Suisun, 12 months, at $60------ 720 (c) Inspections, surveys, and contingencies-------------------- 3, 280 Total --------- ---- --------------------------- 37,000 The above work will require about two and one-half months of contract dredging during the fiscal year 1925, entailing an expendi- ture of about $15,000 a month. Commercial statistics.-All the commerce reported used the im- proved section. The usual limit of draft for loaded boats is 7 feet for steamers carrying the fast freight, about 5 feet for scow schooners, and 8 feet for barges carrying the bulk freight. The traffic consists chiefly of grain, hay, building material, and fuel oil. Comparative statement. Calendar Calendar Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar endar Short tons. Value. Passengers. year. year. 1918....... 238,178 $20,817,591 1,716 1921........ 173,414 $11, 490,083 803 1919.......... 235,208 18, 093, 925 1,483 1922.......... 220, 173 18, 866, 873 ............. 1920.......... 281,616 17, 061,972 939 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ---------------- $212, 082. 95 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 72, 766. 91 Net total expended-------------------------------------284, 849. 86 Total appropriations to date of this report---------------------333, 357. 44 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work......... $34,837. 04 .............. 26, 033.59.............. $40,997.57 Expended for maintenance...... 470.21 $256. 85 00 17, 500. $793. 15 1,161. 17 Total expended............ 35, 307. 25 256. 85 43, 533. 59 793. 15 42,158. 74 Appropriated or allotted......... 37, 500. 00 6,150. 00 10, 000. 00 50, 000. 00 40, 000. 00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended --------------------------- $50, 666. 32 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 30, 1922-------------------------------------- -- 40, 000. 00 90, 666. 32 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work------------------------------ $40, 997.57 For maintenance 161. 17 1------------------------------, 42, 158. 74 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--------------------------- 48, 507. 58 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance------------------------- ------- 237, 000. 00 SNot including $8 ,650 contributed by local interests and expended on this work. SExclusive of available funds. 1650 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 10. SAN RAFAEL CREEK, CALIF. (A10.) Location and description.-This is a small tidal stream about 2 miles in length, flowing easterly and emptying into the west side of San Francisco Bay 14 miles north of San Francisco. The slight dis- charge is produced by winter rains and is confined to about one month of the year. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5402.) Original condition.-At the mouth of this creek there was a broad shallow estuary, and its mouth proper was about 1- miles distant from 8 or 10 feet of water in the bay. This waterway above its mouth was practically dry at low water and had a width of 90 to 100 feet. The mean tidal range was about 5 feet. The tide reached San Rafael, which was at the head of navigation 2 miles from the mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 8 feet deep and 100 feet wide on bottom across the flats at the mouth of the creek, and thence 6 feet deep and 60 feet wide on bottom up to San Rafael, a part of this channel passing through a cut-off at Goose Neck Bend; and a turning basin 200 feet long, 100 feet wide, and 6 feet deep at San Rafael. The plane of reference is mean lower low water. The range be- tween mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 6 feet, with an extreme range of 10.5 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1914, is $54,000. There is no approved estimate for maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 801, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). No map of the locality has been published. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The act of March 2, 1919, required that local interests should contribute one-half the cost of the work and furnish the land needed for the improvement. These conditions have been complied with, and in addition local interests contributed $14,000 needed to complete the project and dredged a turning basin 165 feet wide and 365 feet long adjoining the project turning basin. In 1908 and 1909 private interests dredged a channel 60 feet wide and 4 feet deep at mean lower low water from the head of navigation to the mouth of the creek and built a pile bulkhead from the shore line about 1,000 feet out to deeper water, at a total cost of about $17,000. Terminal facilities.-There are five wharves of ordinary pile con- struction, all in private ownership. These facilities appear to be adequate to meet the needs of the general commerce of the waterway. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement affords an adequate channel for present commerce. A regular line of freight boats gives slightly lower rates than the railroad. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done ex. cept the making of surveys to determine the condition of the channel, collection of commercial statistics, performing the usual office work, RIVERS AND HARBORS-1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1651 and the usual inspections with the Suisun to prevent infractions of the laws and regulations for the protection of navigable waters. The ex- penditures during the fiscal year were $181.51 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The project was completed in March, 1922, except for maintenance. There is a channel 44 feet deep at mean lower low water and 100 feet wide across the mud flats at the mouth of the creek, thence 5 feet deep at mean lower low water and 60 feet wide through Goose Neck Bend cut-off, thence to San Rafael 44 feet, with a municipal turning basin near the upper end of the channel 365 feet long by 165 feet wide and 5 feet deep at mean lower low water, of which the project basin, 200 feet by 70 feet, is a, part. The expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $68,212.30 for new work, and $181.51 for maintenance, a total of $68,393.81, of which $27,300 was from United States funds and $41,093.81 from contributed funds. Proposedoperations.-Withthe balance unexpended June 30, 1923. the following work is proposed for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1924: Maintenance: (a) Pro rata cost of operation of Suisun, 3 months, at $80----------$240 (b) Surveys, inspections, office expenses and contingencies---------- 760 -------------------------------- 1, 000 Total --------------- With the above funds it is proposed to make the usual surveys and inspections, to continue the collection of commercial statistics, and patrol the waters with the Suisun as needed during the fiscal year 1924. With the funds that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, it is proposed to redredge the project chan- nel about as follows: Maintenance: (a) Contract dredging ------------- $27, 000 (b) Pro rata cost of operation of Suisun, 3 months, at $80--------- 240 (c) Surveys, inspections, office expenses, and contingencies------ 2, 760 Total ----------------------------------------------- 30, 000 With the above funds it is proposed to make the usual surveys and inspections, to continue the collection of commercial statistics, to patrol the waters with the Suisun as needed during the fiscal year 1925, and to redredge the channel to full project dimensions. Commercial statistics.-The freight traffic consists mainly of build- ing material and fuel oil. All the commerce reported uses the im- proved sections. The limit of draft of vessels is 8 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1921 1.................... .................... .................... 33,332 $359,865 1922 ........................................................................... 39, 180 3, 779, 500 1 This project having been but recently adopted, no statistics were collected before 1921. 1652 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Financial summary. UNITED STATES FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ------------------------------------------ $27, 118. 49 Maintenance -------------------------------------------- 181. 51 Net total expended--------------------------------- 27,300.00 Total appropriations to date of this report_ ___--------__-28, 300. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.................... .............. $15.28 $27,103.21 .......... Expended for maintenance............... ............. ....................... 3181.51 Total expended ........ ......... .......... . 15.28 27,103.21 181.51 Appropriated or allotted........ 27,300.00 .......... ............ .... . 0......... 1,00.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended----------------------------- $181. 51 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923------- ---------------------------------- 1, 000. 00 1,181.51 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 181. 51 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended --------------------------- 1, 000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance-------------------------------30, 000. 00 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work---------------- ------------------------- $41, 093. 81 Maintenance ------------- - - Total contributions to date of this report_ --- ___ _-___- -- 41,093.81 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work......... .............. .. ................ .... ....... $41,093.81........... Expended for maintenance.... ................ ............................... Total expended.... ........................ .......... 41,093. 81......... Contribted.................$27,300.00 14,000.00 ........... ................... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------------ $206. 19 Deduction on account of return of unexpended balance to contributors_ 206. 19 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR SAN RAFAEL CREEK, CALIF. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work---------- -------------------------------- $68, 212. 30 Maintenance ---------- 11-------------------- 11.51 Net total expended------------------------------ --- 68, 393. 81 Total appropriations and contributions to date of this report 69,393. 81 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1653 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.............................$.. 15.28 $68,197.02 ......... Expended for maintenance ....................... .... .............. $181.51 Appropriated, allotted, and con- tributed................. $27,300.00 $27,300.00 ............... 14, 000.00 1, 000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended -------------------------------- $387. 70 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923-------------------------------------------------1, 000. 00 1, 387. 70 Deduction on account of return of unexpended balance to con- tributors----------------------------------------------------- 206. 10 1, 181. 51 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 181. 51 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--------------------------------, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance----------------------------------- 30, 000. 00 11. MONTEREY HARBOR, CALIF. (All.) Location and description.-Monterey Harbor is about 90 miles south of San Francisco at the south end of Monterey Bay, an inden- tation of the coast of California. Monterey Bay has a length of 22 miles measured along the coast and an extreme width east and west of 10 miles. With the exception of small areas sheltered by the points limiting this wide entrance, the bay is exposed to the sea. Monterey Harbor is the limited area in front of the city of Monterey and is about 3 miles long by 2 miles wide. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5402.) Original condition.-The depths of water in this locality have always been ample, and vessels can lie at anchor readily, but it is im- practicable for vessels to lie alongside wharves on account of the pre- vailing heavy swell. The shores of the bay are sandy but there is comparatively little shallow water along the beach. The usable depths at mean lower low water are 60 feet in the outer part and 18 feet in the inner part of the harbor. The harbor is protected by Point Pinos from storms coming from the south, but it is exposed to those coming from the north. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-The existing project provides for a rubble- mound breakwater 2,000 feet long, 10 feet above mean lower low water, and 15 feet wide on the top. The mean tidal range is 4 feet, with an extreme range of 7 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1909, is $800,000. No estimate for maintenance has been approved. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 1084, 61st Cong., 3d sess.). No map of this locality has been published, except that by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. Recommended modifications of project.-None. 1Exclusive of available funds. 1654 'REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Local cooperation.-Local cooperation is required in the existing project, whereby local interests are to contribute $200,000 and to give assurances satisfactory to the Secretary of War that a railroad con- necting Monterey with the San Joaquin Valley will be built if the breakwater is constructed. The sum of $200,000, to be contributed by local interests, was appropriated by the State of California. Owing to the failure of the railroad project to be carried out, the money appropriated for the improvement by the United States and the State of California was never used. The State appropriation is still available for the work. Terminal facilities.-The present facilities consist of 33 wharves of pile construction used by oil steamers, coasting vessels, and fishing craft. One wharf is owned by the city and the others are controlled by private interests. Eight of the wharves have connections with the Southern Pacific Railroad. The water front of the city of Mon- terey, about 2 miles in length, is owned by the city. The United States owns about 1,200 feet of water front on the harbor at the Presidio of Monterey. Under State law the facilities are open on equal terms to the public and are considered adequate for the pres- ent commerce, but if any large increase in general commerce should take place additional facilities would be required. (For a full de- scription of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.). Effect of im p rovement. No improvement has been made as yet. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work has been un- dertaken at this locality and no expenditures have been made. See paragraph Local cooperation. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The maximum draft that can be carried at the end of the fiscal year to the wharf at Monterey is 25 feet at mean lower low water. Proposed operations.-No operations are proposed pending com- pliance by local interests with the conditions imposed by the act adopting the project. Commercial statistics.-The commerce consists mainly of fuel oil and fish. There was a considerable increase in the commerce for 1922, due to increase in shipment of fuel oil. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918 ......................... 197,168 $8, 331, 500 1921.................... 315, 685 $4, 439, 424 1919.................... 173, 871 6, 570, 347 1922............... ..... 460,906 5,819,684 1920........ ............ 363,919 7,638,360 Financialsum/mary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work-------------------------------------------------------- Maintenance---------------------------------------------- Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------- $200, 000. 00 1 Thia amount was transferred to other works under authority of river and harbor act of Mar. 4, 1915. RIVERS AND RARBORS---ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1655 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 . Expended for new work......... ........ .................... ................... .... Expended for maintenance ................... ......... ............ ....... ....... .............. Appropriated or allotted................................................ 12. HUMBOLDT HARBOR AND BAY, CALIF. (A12.) Location and description.-Humboldt Bay is a land-locked harbor on the coast of California, 220 miles north of San Francisco and 325 miles south of the mouth of the Columbia River, Oreg. The bay consists of two shallow arms joined by a narrow channel 5 miles long. The ocean entrance to the bay is at the junction of this chan- nel with the southern arm. The bay has a length of 14 miles and an extreme width of 31 miles, with an average width of three-fourths of a mile. The high-water area of the bay is 25 square miles. Eu- reka, the principal shipping point, is 61 miles from the ocean en- trance on the eastern shore of the northern arm. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. ,5602.) Original condition.-The entrance channel is in shifting sand and is about 1 mile in length. In its original condition this channel had a width of about 600 feet and a minimum usable depth at mean lower low water of 9 to 25 feet, usually averaging 12 to 15 feet. In its unimproved state the entrance channel shifted constantly and varied greatly its dimensions. The channel in front of Eureka, 6,200 feet in length, had a minimum usable depth of 10 feet at mean lower low water and an average width of 150 feet. Navigation was possible only with favorable weather and tides. Previous projects.-The original project adopted in 1884 provided for a single rubble-mound jetty along the south side of.the entrance channel. This project was modified in 1888 and again in 1891 so as to build two parallel high rubble-mound jetties, including shore- protection enrockments. These modifications were confirmed by the acts of September 19, 1890, and July 13, 1892, respectively. The original project for the channel in front of Eureka was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1881, and modified by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1889. A total of $2,178,704.14 was expended for new work on the original and modified projects prior to operations under the existing project, which began in 1908 on th$ Eureka channel and in 1911 on the jetties. For further details of previous projects, see pages 1982 and 1984 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for two ordinary rubble-mound jetties at the entrance-the north jetty about 4,500 feet in length and the south jetty 5,100 feet long, not including shore revetment- and dredging a channel 300 feet wide and 18 feet deep at mean lower low water for a length of 6,200 feet in front of Eureka, Calif. The average range of tides between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 6.38 feet at the south jetty and 6.70 feet at Eureka, with an extreme range of 12 feet. The estimated cost of the jetty work under the existing project, revised in 1922, is $3,200,000 for new work, and for the channel in front of Eureka, made in 1905, is $83,000, exclusive of the amounts 1656 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. expended under previous projects. The estimated cost of mainte- nance of the jetty during construction is $1,900,000. There is no approved estimate for maintenance after completion. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for rebuilding the jetties (H. Doc. No. 950, 60th Cong., 1st sess.), and the act of March 2, 1907, provided for the channel in front of Eureka (H. Doc. No. 228, 59th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map of the en- trance is in Annual Report for 1916, page 3174, and of the channel in front of Eureka in House Document No. 228, Fifty-ninth Con- gress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The adopted project imposed no conditions of cooperation. The local interests contributed $24,000 for dreriging in the channels of the bay. Terminal facilities.-There are 50 wharves, mostly of ordinary pile construction, although 8 of them have specially treated or con- crete protected piles. Ten of the wharves have warehouse storage facilities. Fourteen have connection with the railroad by spur tracks, and the others have connection by highway. Forty-two of the wharves are in private ownership, of which 13 are open to all water carriers on equal terms. There are 8 publicly owned wharves, of which 3 are open to the public on equal terms. Practically no tolls are charged, although a maximum rate has been fixed by the board of State harbor commissioners. The tolls where charged are nominal. These facilities are considered adequate for existing com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has been of great bene- fit to navigation at this locality, enabling vessels to enter and leave on schedule 6r to seek refuge in storms. The first effect of the im- provement was to reduce freight rates, but they were raised again during the late war. Operations and results during fiscal year.-From September, 1922, to May, 1923, the north jetty plant was extensively overhauled, and the work of receiving and placing stone in the north jetty was commenced June 6, 1923, and continued to end of fiscal year. In all, 5,659 tons of stone was placed in the jetty, extending the super- structure a distance of 64 feet seaward. The stone was furnished and delivered under contract by rail to the north jetty and placed by hired labor with Government plant, as heretofore. All the work done was for maintenance, and the sea end of the superstructure of the north jetty is now within 100 feet of its former maximum length in September, 1917, and within 77 feet of its end when work was suspended for lack of funds in November, 1921. At the south jetty the storms eroded the bay shore of the south spit, necessitating the removal of plant from the north side to the south side of the railroad yards, and the construction of a shore jetty 900 feet in length, just north of and about parallel to the tracks, westerly from the apron approach. The necessary stone for this work, amounting to 6,192 tons, was obtained from the strongest sections of the old shore jetty farther seaward. This work was started early in January, 1923, completed the first part of March, 1923, and effected the required results. RIVERS AND I1ARBORS--ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1657 The Samoa-North Jetty Railroad, which was heavily damaged during the shut-down period by high winds and drifting sand, has been, under the existing contract for stone, turned over to the con- tractor for repairs, operation and maintenance. A' survey of the bar and, entrance channels was commenced June 15, 1923, but had not been completed at the end of the fiscal year. A survey of the channel in front of Eureka was made in June, 1923. The amount expended during the fiscal year was $40,749.99, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The two rubble-mound jetties, completed in 1899, were beaten down by the heavy seas and prac- tically obliterated at their outer ends; in 1911 reconstruction of these jetties on a more substantial scale was begun and the south jetty was thus completed in the summer of 1915. Prior to the period of suspension of operations from 1917 to 1920, the north jetty was re- built a distance of 3,950 feet or to a point about 550 feet short of its full length. The existing piroject for the jetties, exclusive of maintenance, is about 54 per cent completed under the latest estimate of cost. During the period of cessation of work from 1917 to 1920, the old north spit shore jetty, which was beaten down to near low- water elevation, was exposed by erosion and with the removal of the sand spit beyond the enrockment little protection against the action of the sea was afforded to the north jetty plant and the buildings on the lighthouse reservation. Therefore the rebuilding of this shore jetty was urgent, and during the fiscal year 1922 it was rebuilt to its full length of 2,489 feet. When construction of north jetty was resumed in June, 1923, the seaward end of the crest of the jetty was 164 feet shoreward of its farthest point reached in September, 1917. The effect of the new shore jetty around the tip of the north spit has been to check entirely the erosion at that point and to start an ac- cretion of sand deposit behind the jetty which is slowly rebuilding the shore toward the enrockment. The new shore jetty at the south spit, completed in March, 1923, is in normal condition except that a small part of the middle section has settled about one-fourth of its original height. Scour in the vicinity has practically ceased, but the apron approach trestle has been carried away and sand has filled in around the ferry apron to above mean tide level, where formerly there was 20 feet of water at low tide. The south jetty has been seriously damaged. There are a number of large breaches extending down to near the level of mean tide. At the outer end of the south jetty the large concrete monolith has settled, but has remained practically unchanged for the last five years. The erosion at the northwest portion of the south spit has undermined about 800 feet of the railroad track connecting with the trestle at stem of the south jetty. Before operations can be com- menced at south jetty a large amount of repair work to the plant will be required. The Samoa-North Jetty Railroad, laid on the sand of the north spit, which has been subject to considerable deterioration and has been covered with sand, in spots, to a depth of several feet, has been repaired. The work done on the jetties has greatly improved the entrance channel, making it broader, more direct to sea, and 9 feet deeper 1658 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. than in 1911, and reducing the distance between the 30-foot contours from 3,500 feet in 1911 to 850 feet in June, 1923. The controlling depth across the bar is now 25 feet at mean lower low water. To complete the existing project for the jetties, the following work remains to be done, exclusive of maintenance: (a) A further extension seaward of north jetty a distance of about 550 feet. (b) Building south spit shore jetty a distance of about 2,300 feet. (c) Purchase of floating plant to transport stone from north to south spit for south jetty. The existing project for the channel in front of Eureka was practi- cally completed in 1908. Some more deterioration in width has taken place in the dredged channel in front of Eureka, where the con- trolling depth is now 18 feet. The expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $1,901,027.59 for new work and $818,673.19 for main- tenance, making a total of $2,719,700.78. These amounts do not in- clude $24,385.23 which was contributed by local interests and ex- pended for new work in the inner channels of Humboldt Bay. Proposed operations.-With the balance unexpended June 30, 1923, the following work is proposed for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1924: New work (north jetty) : (a) About 55,000 tons of stone, by contract, f. o. b. jetty, at $3.40------------------- $187, 000. 00 (b) Placing above stone, at 30 cents a ton ... 16, 500. 00 (c) About 250 linear feet of concrete cap at $30-- - - -- ---- - 7, 500. 00 (d) Miscellaneous operating repairs---------- 1, 000. 00 (e) Operating railroad and cranes, 3 months_ 8, 000. 00 (f) Operating motor dredge tender 4 months, at $200---------------------------------- 800. 00 (g) Superintendence and contingencies------ 56, 200. 82 Total for new work-__-----------.---- $277, 000. 82 Maintenance (north jetty) : (h) Rebuilding concrete cap-----------------2, 000. 00 (i) Repairs to rolling stock and cranes-----. 200. 00 (j) About 19,000 tons of stone, by contract, f. o. b. jetty, at $3.40----- _---------- ---- 64, 600. 00 (k) Placing above stone, at 30 cents a ton-.. 5, 700. 00 (1) Operating railroad and cranes----------- 4, 000. 00 (m) Operating motor dredge tender------- 400. 00 (n) Superintendence and contingencies------ 18, 560. 91 Total for maintenance_------------------ 95, 460. 91 Maintenance (south jetty) : (o) Watching and care of plant---------------1, 000. 00 (p) Contingencies -------------------------- 2, 148. 35 Total maintenance for south jetty-----------------------3, 148. 35 Grand total for both jetties-------------------------- ---- 375, 610. 08 The above funds will be used for continuing work obtaining stone under existing contract and placing it by hired labor with Govern- ment plant, as heretofore. The work will comprise about four months of operations to the end of October, 1923, entailing an aver- age expenditure of about $83,000 a month. It is expected to rebuild the north jetty superstructure a distance of 200 feet and to extend the jetty a further distance seaward of 250 feet, or to within 300 feet of its full project length. RIVERS AND HARBORS--1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1659 With the funds that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, it is proposed to continue operations about as follows: Maintenance: (a) About 140,000 tons of stone, by contract, at $2.50----------$350, 000 (b) Freight on above stone, at 80 cents a ton__________ 112, 000 (c) Placing above stone, at 30 cents a ton ___________ _______ 42, 000 (d) Rebuilding concrete cap and repairing all tracks ------- 128, 800 (e) Repairs to concrete jetty head____________________ _____8, 000 (f) Repairs to floating plant--------------------------- 2, 500 (g) Sand movement protection work__-------------------------1, 500 (h) Repairs to slip and apron approach-----____-__-_____-_ 10, 800 (i) Repairs to scales and buildings-------------------------- 1,400 (j) Dredging north jetty ferry slip---------------------------2, 000 (k) Repairs to pipe lines and miscellaneous plant______________ 2, 200 (1) Repairs to 30-ton locomotive crane--______-- ___-__-___-- 3, 000 (m) Transportation operating costs, 1.2 months, at $3,250 a month ------------ 39, 000 (n) Moving plant between jetties----------------------------2, 500 (o) Maintenance Samoa-North Jetty Railroad, one year 0, 000-------- (p) Repairs and maintenance north jetty ferry slip approach and wharf----------------- ----------------------- 31, 700 (q) Superintendence and contingencies, about 20 per cent-------- 133, 600 Total ------------------------------------------- 881, 000 The above work will require a full working season (about eight months) operations at an average expenditure of about $110,000 a month. The above work is expected to restore to full cross sec- tion and project length the south jetty. It is proposed to obtain the stone by contract and to place it by hired labor with Government plant as heretofore. Commercial statistics.--The commerce includes foreign and do- inestic coastwise traffic and all of it uses the improved section. The usual limit of draft of vessels is 18 feet. Freight consists chiefly of lumber and fuel oil. There was a material increase in the tonnage for the year 1922 as compared with that for the previous year, due to a corresponding increase in shipments of lumber and mill products. Comparative statements. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. I I f ii i 1 1918........... 305,073 $14, 667 2,252 1921.......... 212, 000 $8, 871, 760 3,179 1919........... 420,453 13,834, 185 12,395 1922.......... 417,353 14,704,430......... 1920........... 245,539 10, 435 382, 10, 016 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2,837.82: New work------------------------------------------- 1 $4, 079, 731. 73 Maintenance- ---------------------------------- 818, 673. 19 Net total expended-----------------------------------4, 898, 404. 92 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------- 5, 274, 015. 00 I Not including $24,385.23 contributed by local interests and expended on this work. 1660 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1...................... $2,980.90 $142, 592. 41 $62,742.03 .............. Expended for maintenance 1..... $5,134.59 5, 049.02 119, 596.47 195, 610.02 $40,749.99 Total expended '.......... 5,134.59 8, 029. 92 262,188. 88 258, 352.05 40, 749.99 Appropriated or allotted.................................. 75,000.00 355,000.00 130,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-------------------------- $286, 345. 07 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 30, 1922_ ______ --- -- ____----- ___-__- 130, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 ______________ 15. 00 416, 360. 07 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance ----------------------------------------------- 40, 749. 99 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_ ------ ______---____ 375, 610. 08 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities _______---__ $43, 382. 74 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts--------- ------------------------- 265, 527. 61 308, 910. 35 July 1, 1923, balance available_____________________________ 66, 699. 73 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project- -- ---------------------------- 21, 133, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance __ -__-___ ___________ 2' 881, 000. 00 13. CRESCENT CITY HARBOR, CALIF. (A13.) Location and description.-Thisharbor is 70 miles north of Hum- boldt Bay and 255 miles south of the mouth of the Columbia River. It is formed by an indentation in the coast line about 1 mile in length by about three-fourths mile wide. It is partially protected from the open ocean by rocky reefs and small islands. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5702.) Original condition.-The depths of water at this locality have always been fairly adequate for the commerce concerned, but the har- bor is more or less exposed, particularly to the heavy ocean swells from the southwest, which render mooring of vessels difficult and make it possible for vessels to lie at a wharf only in good weather. The minimum usable depth at mean lower low water was 25 feet in the outer part of the harbor and 15 feet in the inner part. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a stone breakwater 6 to 11 feet above the level of mean lower low water, 20 feet wide on the crest and 3,000 feet in length, or longer if funds permit. The mean tidal range is 6.80 feet, extreme range about 11 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, including maintenance during construction revised in 1922, is $1,200,000. There is no approved esti- mate for annual maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 18, 1916 (H. Doc. No. 434, 64th Cong., 1st sess.), and the condi- 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1661 tions of local cooperation were modified by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922 (R. & H. Com. Doc. No. 4, 67th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 18, 1918, requires local interests to furnish $200,000 toward this improvement, to furnish such land as may be required for the operations of the Government in connection with the project, and to give assurances that the projected railroad between Crescent City, Calif., and Grants Pass, Oreg., will be completed within a reasonable time. The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, waives the condition as to the rail- road until an appropriation is made by the United States for the further prosecution of the project. The river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, waived the condi- tion with respect to the railroad and required that local interests provide one-half of the cost of the project. Terminal facilities.-There is only one wharf at this locality, and it is privately owned, but it is open to the public on reasonable terms. These facilities are considered adequate for existing com- merce. Effect of improvement.-The improvement, although only partly completed, has improved the conditions of anchorage at this locality. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The previous contract for building the breakwater was completed August 14, 1922. During the fiscal year, under that contract, 9,087 tons of stone were placed in the breakwater, extending the structure seaward 75 feet farther, to a total length from shore of 1,346 feet. Under the existing contract stone deliveries began June 4, 1923, and 3,584 tons of stone were placed in the breakwater, extending the breakwater seaward 4 feet to a total length of 1,350 feet from shore. The total amount of stone placed was 12,671 tons, extending the breakwater 79 feet during the fiscal year. Under the previous contract the supply of stone from the old quarry at Lovers Rock was exhausted, and for work under the existing con- tract a new quarry at Preston Island has been developed which reveals apparently a sufficient quantity of satisfactory stone. The amount expended during the fiscal year was $41,740.19 for new work and $5,384.61 for maintenance, a total of $47,124.80, of which $47,104.57 was from contributed funds and $20.23 from United States funds. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 17 per cent completed according to the latest approved estimate of cost. The harbor is still practically in its natural condition, the work of improvement not having proceeded far enough to make any great change. Under the existing project actual work of construction was begun April, 1920. The structure has been extended from Battery Point on the main shore, a distance of 1,350 feet. During the winter months, after work was suspended, 2,164 tons of stone, including ballast stone for the railroad on the breakwater, was dis- lodged from the breakwater. The damaged portion of the super- structure was rebuilt and other necessary repairs of the enrockment were made upon the resumption of operations in June, 1923. The total amount of stone placed in the breakwater to the end of this fiscal year is 88,627 tons, of which 7,307 tons was for maintenance. 1662 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. To complete the project, a further extension of the breakwater a distance of 1,650 feet will be required. The expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $179,508.47 for new work, and $1.7,520.05 for main- tenance, making a total of $197,028.52, of which $197,008.29 was from contributed funds and $20.23 from United States funds. Proposed operations.-Withthe unexpended balance the following work is proposed for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1924: New work: (a) Obtaining and placing in breakwater under existing contract, about 87,000 tons of stone, at $1.97 a ton---------------$178, 400. 00 (b) Engineering, inspection, and contingencies ------------------ 21, 579. 77 Total ------ - ___ --------- 199, 979. 77 The above funds will be used for continuing extension of the breakwater, under existing contract, a distance of about 650 feet, or to a total distance from shore of about 2,000 feet. The above work should be completed by the end of October, 1923, and entail an aver- age monthly expenditure of $48,000. With the funds that can be profitably expended during the fis- cal year ending June 30, 1925, it is proposed to continue operations about as follows: New work: (a) Obtaining and placing in breakwater, by contract, about 72,000 tons of stone, at $2.50 a ton------- ------------------- $180, 000 (b) Engineering, inspection, and contingencies ------------------- 20, 000 Total ___---------------------------------------------200, 000 With the above funds it is expected to continue extension of the breakwater a further distance of about 450 feet, or to a point about 2,450 feet from the shore. It is proposed to obtain and place the stone in the breakwater by contract, and have the work completed about the end of the fiscal year 1925. Of the above funds, one-half, or $100,000, will be contributed by local interests. Commercial statistics.-The commerce consists mainly of lumber and general merchandise. All the traffic reported uses the improved section. The usual limit of draft of vessels using the harbor is 16 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1920 ....................... 42,871 $1,518320 1922..................... 38, 894 $2,560, 878 1921. .................... 29, 639 1,278,700 Financial summary. UNITED STATES FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ----------------------------------------------- $20. 23 Maintenance ----------- ------------------------ ---------- Total appropriations to date of this report ---------- 200, 000. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS--1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1668 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.... ............................................. .. $20.23 Expended for maintenance...................... ................. ....... Appropriated or allotted..... ......................... ........................... 200,000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923----------------------------------$200, 000. 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work_ 20. 23 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--------------------------- 199, 979. 77 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities---------------- $7, 353. 86 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts __-- --- -------- 156, 840. 15 164, 194. 01 July 1, 1923, balance available ------------------------------ 35, 785. 76 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for comple- tion of exist.ng project ------------------------------. 414, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work ----------------------------- 1100, 000. 00 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ---- ------------------- $179, 488. 24 Maintenance ---- ----------------- -------- 17, 520. 05 Net total expended--- ----------------------------- 197, 008. 29 Total contributions to date of this report--------------------- 200, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work..... ................ $4,842.72 $67,314.64 $65,610.92 $41,719.96 Expended for maintenance ..... ............ I.... ........ 2,169.33 9,966.11 5,384.61 j Total expended...........4........... 4,842.72 69,483.97 75,577.03 47,104.57 Contributed ...... ............ ........... 200,000. 00... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------------- -------- --- $50, 096.28 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work ----------------------------- $41,719.96 For maintenance ------------ ----------------- 5, 384. 61 47, 104. 57 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------- --------- 2, 991. 71 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities----------------------------- 63.12 July 1, 1923, balance available------------- ------------------ 2, 928. 59 Amount (estimated) required to be contributed for completion of existing project---414,----------------------------------- 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work --------------------------------- 1100, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. 61637-ENG 1923-----105 1664 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR CRESCENT CITY HARBOR. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work------------------------------- --- $179, 508. 47 Maintenance ------------------ ------------------- 17, 520.05 Net total expended---------------------------------197, 028. 52 Total appropriations and contributions to date of this report------ 400, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.......... ........... $4, 842.72 $67, 314.64 $65,610.92 $41,740.19 Expended for maintenance........................... . 2,169.33 9,966.11 5,384.61 Total expended.......... ............. 4, 842.72 69,483.97 75,577.03 47,124. 80 Appropriated or allotted............. ....... 200,000.00 ........... ....... . -- 200,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-..--- -------------------- $50, 096. 28 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923 ----------------------------------------- 200000.00 250, 096. 28 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work ----------------------------- $41, 740. 19 For maintenance-__- __---____-_ -_---__--- 5, 384. 61 47,124. 80: July 1, 1923, balance unexpended 202, 971. 48 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-----------------7, 416.98 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 156, 840.15 164, 257. 13 July 1, 1923, balance available_ ------ ___ __----_---- 38, 714. 35 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated and contributed for completion of existing project ------------------------ 828, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work__--_--_ ___._ __ ___ 200, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $14,686.83: New work---------------------------------- $10, 907, 557. 59 Maintenance_ Maintenanc -------------------------------------- _-- 2,268,831.78 '228817 Net total expended ------------------------------ 13, 176, 389. 37 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 14, 640, 051. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 191.9 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work, ....... $232,936.62 $153,514.82 $281, 348. 10 $153,032.11 $74, 503.27 Expended for maintenance 2..... 83,141.20 106, 095.92 207,537.56 378,048.20 396, 782.09 Total expended 2.......... 316, 077. 82 259,610.74 488,885. 66 531,080.31 471,285.36 Appropriated, or allotted....... 372, 600.00 212,150.00 197,834.19 615,000.00 1,049, 000. 00 1 Exclusive of available funds. SNot deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-1ST SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1665 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended- ______-..-_____-$885, 885. 14 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 19238----------------------------------- 79, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 30, 1922 70, 000.00 1--------------------------- Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923------------ -- - 61. 85 1, 934, 946.99 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year :1 For new work___------------------------$74, 503. 27 For maintenance ------------------------- 396, 782. 09 471, 285. 36 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_______________--____---- 1, 463, 661. 63 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities__,-__ ___- 56,651. 93 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts ----------------------------------- 422, 367. 76 479, 019. 60$ July 1, 1923, balance available ----------------- _-- _-_-- -984, 641. 94 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work__________ 000. 00 7_____---___-_______- 2743, For maintenance ------------------------------------ 971, 000. 00 Total -------------------------- --------- - 21, 714, 000. 00 14. NOYO RIVER, CALIF. Location and description.-The Noyo River is a small stream rising in the Coast Range mountains and entering a cove or bay about 135 miles northwest of San Francisco. Inside the mouth the river affords a harbor 150 feet wide and approximately 2 miles long with depths of from 4 to 10 feet. A sand bar extends across the mouth of the river. The locality is shown on United States Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5703. Original condition.-The channel through the sand bar at the mouth of the river was but about 30 or 40 feet wide, and with a depth of less than 2 feet at mean lower low water. The head of navigation is about 5 miles above the mouth of the river. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for an entrance channel 3 feet deep at mean lower low water by the construction of jetties and rock removal. The mean range' of tides is about 5 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1919, is $24,000, of which $8,000 is to be contributed by local or other interests. The estimate for annual maintenance, made in 1919, is $2,000 for the first few years, and thereafter $1,000. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. No. 679, 66th Cong., 2d sess.). Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved Septem- ber 22, 1922, required that local or other interests contribute $8,000 toward the cost of the project. Terminal facilities.--The International Fish Co. has a small frame building and wharf for handling fish. A large boat-building estab- 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. a Exclusive of available funds. 1666 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. lishment is located on the right bank of the river just below the bridge where fishing boats and launches are built. Below the boat- house on the right bank are two other buildings with a wharf in front of each. Effect of improvement.-No work has been done on the project. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-This is a new project on which no work has yet been done. Condition is as given in the paragraph Original condition. Proposed operations.-Pending the compliance by local interests with conditions imposed by Congress in adopting the project, no work will be undertaken, and it is therefore not certain that any funds can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-The commerce consists mainly of fish. The usual limit of draft of vessels using the waterway is 6 feet. The increase in the commerce reported for the year 1922 is due to in- crease of shipments of general merchandise. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1920 ............... ...... 710 $178,000 1923....................... 1,995 $407,460 19211........................ .......... 1 Statistics not available. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work Maintenance------ Total appropriations to date of this report Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........ ............ ..... ................................ Expended for maintenance............................................ Appropriated or allotted................... ...................... ................... Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project------------------------------------------- $16, 000.00 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED JUNE 5, 19 2 0, AND SEPTEMBER 2 2, 19 2 2. The local engineer was charged with the duty of making prelimi- nary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of June 5, 1920, and September 22, 1922, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Islais Creek, San Francisco, Calif. 2. South San Francisco Harbor, Calif., and entrance thereto. 3. Pinole Shoals and Mare Island Channel and turning basin, Calif. ' In addition, $8,000 is to be contributed by local interests. RIVERS AND HARBORS-2D SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1667 IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE SECOND SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. This district, so far as actual project work is concerned, embraces: the rivers and waterways within the area drained by the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers above their confluence at the head of Suisun Bay. It is entirely within the State of California and extends from the Sierra Nevada on the east to the Coast Range on the west, and from the Cascade Range and the Oregon boundary on the north to the Tehachapi Mountains on the south. For police supervision the district has been defined as also includ- ing a part of Oregon and Nevada, particularly that part of the Great Basin that tends to drain toward the central portion of Nevada. District engineer: Maj. U. S. Grant, 3d, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. Herbert Deakyne, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS. [The letters and figures in parentheses after the titles indicate the group, and the numeri- cal order in the group, to which the respective improvements belong for purposes of appropriation.] Page. Page. 1. San Joaquin River, Calif. 3. Mokelumne River, Calif. _ (Al) --------------------- 1667 (A3)--------------------- 1675 2. Stockton and Mormon Chan- 1 4. Sacramento River, C a li f. nels (diverting canal), (A4)---------------------1677 Calif. (A2)--------------1672 5. Feather River, Calif. (A5) __ 1682 SACRAMENTO, FEATHER, SAN JOAQUIN, AND MOKELUMNE RIVERS AND STOCKTON AND MORMON CHANNELS (DIVERTING CANAL), CALIF. (GROUP A.) 1. SAN JOAQUIN RIVER, CALIF. (Al.) Location and description.-The upper branches of the San Joaquin River rise in the Sierra Nevada and unite at a point 25 miles south- east of the Yosemite Valley to form the main river, which flows southwesterly to Herndon, 68 miles; thence westerly to Firebaugh, 50 miles; thence northwesterly to the mouth of Stockton Channel, 162 miles; and thence in the same general direction to Suisun Bay, 42.5 miles, its total length being about 325 miles. Stockton Chan- nel is 2.5 miles long and connects the city of Stockton with the river. Mormon Channel is a branch of Stockton Channel and extends through the southerly part of Stockton 1.7 miles to the head of navi- gation at Center Street. Mormon Slough extends upstream from the head of navigation in Mormon Channel and is the south branch of Calaveras River. Fremont Channel and McLeod Lake form an arm of Stockton Channel near its upper end and extend northeasterly 2,000 feet, being an important part of the city harbor. The total drainage area, exclusive of that which ordinarily drains into Tulare Lake, is about 15,500 square miles, of which about 2,400 is included in the Mokelumne River. The discharge at the mouth averages about 20,000 second-feet at, high water and about 700 second-feet at low water. Tidal influence is felt over the lower 65 miles, and in this reach the average fall at low water is from 0.1 to 0.2 foot per mile. Above this reach to the head of navigation at Hills Ferry, 128.5 miles above the mouth, there is an average fall of 0.8 foot per mile at low water. The river decreases in width from 4,000 feet at 1668 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. its mouth to 200 feet at the mouth of Stockton Channel, and from here to Hills Ferry it has an average width of 200 feet between banks. At extremely low water the flow at places between Herndon and San Joaquin Bridge, 58.5 miles above the mouth, is not con- tinuous, due to diversion through irrigation canals and sloughs. Original condition.-In the lower 34 miles the river has always been broad and deep. In spite of numerous sharp bends and chan- nel widths of less than 100 feet in places, the 15 miles of river above, including Stockton Channel,: were navigated at mean lower low water by boats drawing 6 feet. Fremont Channel and McLeod Lake were less than 5 feet deep in places at mean lower low water. The north branch of the Calaveras River was choked with silt, and Mormon Slough had become the principal branch, during freshets carrying large quantities of silt which were deposited in Mormon and Stockton Channels. The upper river, although obstructed by snags and reduced by side channels, was navigated by boats draw- ing 4 feet to the head of navigation at Hills Ferry about half the year and to Firebaugh for a. few weeks at high water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 9 feet deep and 200 feet wide from the mouth of San Joaquin River to the mouth of Stockton Channel and in Stockton Channel to its head at Stockton, a total distance of 45 miles; for a depth of 9 feet in Fremont Chan- nel and McLeod Lake; for a channel 4 feet deep and 80 feet wide in Mormon Channel from Stockton Channel to Center Street, Stock- ton, 1.7 miles; for cutting off sharp bends ant making cut-offs in the river; for partial closing of side channels at Laird Slough and Paradise Cut by weirs to confine the low-water flow to one main channel; and for snagging, removing overhanging trees, and con- structing brush wing dams from the mouth of Stockton Channel to Hills Ferry, 86 miles, to facilitate light-draft navigation on this part of the river during higher stages of water. All depths are referred to mean lower low water. The following table shows the tide and flood conditions prevailing: Sarn Joaquin River. Miles Range in feet. from Place. outh of Mean Extreme Ordinary Extreme river. tidal. tidal. flood. flood. Collinsville................................... 0.0 5.8 7.0 8.0 9.9 Mouth, Stockton Channel ......................... 42.5 3.0 4.0 8.5 13.7 San Joaquin Bridge ................................ 58.5 1.1 1.5 17.0 21.0 Hills Ferry................. ....... ....... .128.5 .................... 12.0 16.0 1 Mean lower low water to mean higher high water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1911, is $210,632, exclusive of the cost of the work in Mormon Channel and that in San Joaquin River from the mouth of Stockton Channel up to Hills Ferry, and in Laird Slough and Paradise Cut, for which there is no approved estimate. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $26,000. RIVERS AND HARBORS-2D SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1669 The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The acts of August 14, 1876, March 3, 1881, July 5, 1884, August 11, 1888, July 13, 1892, August 18, 1894, and June 3, 1896, provided for cutting off sharp bends and making cut-offs in San Joaquin River below the mouth of Stockton Channel, dredging Mormon Channel, snagging, removing obstructions, and construct- ing wing dams in San Joaquin River from Stockton Channel to Hills Ferry, andthe partial closing of side channels at Laird Slough and Paradise Cut, without adopting any specific dimensions; the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the 9-foot channel up to Stockton (H. Doc. No. .1124, 60th Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the improvement of Fremont Channel and Mc- Leod Lake (H. Doc. No. 581, 62d cong., 2d sess.). The latest pub- lished map is in House Document No. 332, Sixty-fifth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Underthe provisions of the river and harbor acts of June 25, 1910, and July 25, 1912, all lands needed for cut-offs, channel widening, cutting off sharp bends and depositing dredged material were required to be furnished free of cost to the United States, and local interests were required to give satisfactory evidence that they would provide adequate bulkheads and terminals in Fremont Channel; nd McLeod Lake. The lands needed have been furnished for all cut-offs and for widening the channel and cutting off bends of Stockton Channel, and the provisions for bulkheads and terminals in McLeod Lake and Fremont Channel were approved by the Secretary of War September 11, 1912. All of the land required for widening channel and for spoil disposal has been provided by local interests, except a small portion along the San Joaquin River below Stockton Channel. Negotiations are under way to secure the balance. In addition, the following work, not required by law, has been done with local funds for the benefit of the public: Rights of way furnished for Head Reach Cut-off made in 1891; three cut-offs made by the State of California (see Annual Report for 1900, p. 4224) ; a dredge maintained at Stockton by that city (see Annual Report for 1882, p. 2537); extensive wharves and concrete bulkheads built at Stockton; the river dredged by San Joaquin County in 1910; the dam at Paradise Cut maintained during recent years by private interests; bank protective work by the State and private owners in the vicinity of Lindley cut-off, made in 1921, a mile below Stockton Channel, and also near San Joaquin Bridge, 16.3 miles above Stockton Channel. Terminal facilities.-There are 17,200 linear feet of water front on McLeod Lake and Stockton Channel above the mouth of Mormon Channel, of which 9,300 linear feet are owned by the city of Stockton and the balance by private interests. On Mormon Channel there are 18,000 linear feet of water front, of which 7,000 linear feet are owned by the city. The total warehouse and other storage space on all the above water front is 1,008,000 square feet, of which 55,000, square feet are on land owned by the city; and there is a total of 9,200 linear feet of wharves, of which 5,100 linear feet are municipally owned, and 500 linear feet are open to general public use. On the river above Stockton Channel there is a warehouse at Temple Slough, 1670 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 144.5 miles upstream and 7 between Stockton Channel and Old River, 13.7 miles upstream, all privately owned and used. There are no large warehouses on the river proper below Stockton Chan- nel, landings and sheds being used to handle traffic, except at Antioch, near the mouth of the river, where extensive wharves and warehouses exist. However, in the delta country on both sides many warehouses have been constructed to store commodities later shipped on the main river. The terminal facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Increased transportation facilit i es have resulted from shortening the distance between Stockton and all bay points and from stabilizing navigation schedules formerly irregular. Navigation in foggy weather has been rendered safer and easier, and the lands through which the river flows have indirectly benefited in that the high-water plane has been lowered appreciably. The effect of the improvement upon water and railroad freight rates is indeter- minate at present, but it tends to lower them. Additional needed harbor space has become available to the city of Stockton. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-A hired clamshell dredge enlarged the river channel to project dimensions of 9 feet depth by 200 feet width at Browns Island, a mile below Stockton Channel, excavating 75,400 cubic yards at a total expenditure under the contract and for clearing, inspection, surveys, etc., of $10,054.87 for new work, completing the project. Hired clamshell dredges, restored the project dimensions by removing several shoals between Browns Island and Stockton Channel, excavating 24,600 cubic yards, and removed various shoals in the interconnecting sloughs of the river, from 9 to 14 miles southwest of Stockton as follows: Salmon Slough, 18,000 cubic yards; Grant Line Canal, 11,000 cubic yards; and Middle River, 14,000 cubic yards. Total expenditure by con- tract and for inspection, surveys, etc., was $7,560.41 for maintenance. Paradise Dam, at the head of Paradise Cut in the main river 20 miles above Stockton Channel, was protected with granite rip-rap for a length of 200 feet, 2,382 tons of rock being placed by hired plant and labor, mostly on the downstream face of the dam, at an expenditure of $6,476.65 for maintenance. The U. S. snag boat Bear removed 11 snags from the channel and cut and removed 25 trees along the banks of the main river, between Stockton Channel and San Joaquin City, 35 miles upstream, at an expenditure of $1,408.60 for maintenance. The sum .f"$318.96 was expended for maintenance liabilities of the preceding year. Total expenditures for all activities were $25,819.49, of which $10,054.87 was for new work and $15,764.62 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is completed, except for maintenance. Fifteen river-bend cut-offs have been made at various points along the river, of which three were by the State of California. These cut-offs have shortened the navigable channel by over 6 miles, have increased scouring effects of the tide, and have reduced the flood-water plane. During the early years of the project dams at Paradise Cut and Laird Slough were built, having in view the confinement of flow to RIVERS AND HARBORS-2D SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF:, DISTRICT. 1671 one channel. The latter dam has since been washed out. Some temporary improvement work was also done. In the river, Stockton Channel, Mormon Channel, Fremont Chan- nel, and McLeod Lake at the end of the fiscal year the project depths are the controlling depths at mean lower low water. The project width is available with the project depths everywhere except at a few places in Stockton Channel, and in the river just below it, where a width of about 100 feet is available. The river from the mouth of Stockton Channel up to Hills Ferry has a controlling depth of 6 feet from April to June, inclusive. Navigation is impracticable in the low stages after June. Gauge readings above low water corresponding to this controlling depth are as follows: United States Weather Bureau gauge at Lathrop Bridge, 8 feet; San Joaquin City, 11 feet; Grayson, 10 feet; Hills Ferry, 10 feet. The total expenditures have been $984,142.34, of which $431,- 406.76 was for new work and $552,735.58 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend all the funds un- expended by June 30, 1924, for maintenance, as follows: (a) Dredging in Stockton Channel, Mormon Channel, Fremont Channel and McLeod Lake______------ ----- ------- $17, 000. 00 (b) Dredging in the main river below Stockton Channel -_______ 7, 000. 00 (c) Clearing river of snags, overhanging trees and other obstruc- tions------------------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 (d) Snagging and dredging in navigable channels of interconnect- ing sloughs of river______--_, --- _ --------- ___ 5, 659. 66 Total ------------------------------------------- 34, 659. 66 The additional sum of $26,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925, for maintenance, as follows: (a) Dredging in Stockton Channel, Mormon Channel, Fremont Channel and McLeod Lake --- ------ - ------- $7, 000 (b) Dredging in the main river below Stockton Channel_________ 9, 000 (c) Clearing river of snags, overhanging trees and other obstructions_ 4, 000 (d) Snagging and dredging in navigable channels of interconnecting sloughs of river --------------------------------------- 6, 000 Total ---------------------------------------------- 26, 000 The above amount is greater than the average similar expenditure for the preceding five years because of increased costs of operation, increased demands of the growing commerce, and because a channel of 200-feet in width is now being maintained, instead of the former 100 feet. Commercial statistics.-Practicallyall freight is transported over the portion of the river under improvement. The draft of loaded vessels is seldom over 8 feet. The commerce for the calendar year 1922 showed an increase from that of 1921 of 5 per cent in tonnage and a decrease of 8 per cent in value, exclusive of Government materials used in the work of the improvement. This increase in tonnage was chiefly in building materials, of low unit value. Of the total net tonnage, fruit and vegetables formed about 29 per cent; grain and mill stuffs, 22 per cent; general merchandise, 13 per cent; fuel oil, 10 per cent; refined oils, and sand and gravel, each 5 per cent; crushed rock, 4 per cent; and beans and hay, each 3 per cent. There are no ports of call on this river. 1672 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1917.......... 1, 890, 856 $50, 367, 760 19181......... 2, 114, 382 65, 204, 825 206,131 236,379 1920 2....... 1921 4........ 92, 306 $42, 203, 211 . 646,657 37,263,122 3 242,238 206,783 1919.......... 649,156 54,160, 043 221,259 1922 5......... 678,751 34, 291, 675 188, 807 1 Includes 1,348,146 tons of water, valued at $48,533. 2 Inclpdes j90305tons of water, valued at $1,922 and 2,596 tons of Government materials used iinthe work of theimprovement; and valued at $125,450. * Includes 27,075 passengers carried by ferry across river, 7 miles above its mouth. 4 Includes 400 tons of Government materials used in the work of the improvement, and valued at $86,000. Includes 2,382 tons of Government materials used in the work of the improvement, and valued at $3,700. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ----------------------------------------- $431, 406. 76 Maintenance-- ------------------------------------- 552, 735. 58 Net total expended------- ------------------------ 984,142. 34 Total appropriations to date of this report----1--------- -1, 018. 802. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work......... $25, 759. 50 $26,370.42 $90,798. 51 ............... $10,054. 87 Expended for maintenance...... 5,453. 50 2,478.47 31,425.32 19, 527.53 $15,764.62 Totst expended ............ 31,213.00 28, 848. 89 122, 223. 83 19,527.53 25, 819.49 Appropriated or allotted............. 46,000.00 ............... 22,000.00 33,000.00 26,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--- .-. ---.- - - $34, 479. 15 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923--------- ------------ ------ 26, 000. 00 60,479. 15 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work -- ------------------------- $10, 054. 87 For maintenance ---------------------------- 15, 764. 62 25, 819. 49 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------------------------- 34, 659. 66 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities----------------------------- 284. 45 July 1, 1923, balance available ------------------------------ 34, 375. 21 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance - 26, 000. 00 *---___ 2. STOCKTON AND MORMON CHANNELS (DIVERTING CANAL), CALIF. (A2.) Location and description.-This is an artificial cut about 5 miles long, located about 2 miles northeast of Stockton, and designed to prevent the deposit in Stockton and Mormon Channels of silt coming down from the upper Calaveras River through Mormon Slough, the south branch of the Calaveras River, by diverting it to the north branch of river proper. (See U. S. Geological Survey sheet " Stock- ton quadrangle.") Original condition.--The north branch of the Calaveras River, which formerly carried most of the discharge of the stream had become choked with silt and Mormon Slough had become the prin- SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-2D SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1673 cipal branch. During annual freshets there were deposited large quantities of silt in the quiet waters of Mormon and Stockton Chan- nels, and extensive dredging was necessary to keep the channels open. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for diverting the waters of Mor- mon Slough before reaching Mormon and Stockton Channels by means of a dam in the slough 3 miles east of Stockton, and a canal 150 feet wide, with average cut of 7.9 feet, thence to the north branch of the Calaveras River, 4.63 miles; by the enlargement of the cross section of this branch to 1,550 square feet, thence to its mouth at the San Joaquin River, 5 miles; and by the construction of a levee along the west side of the canal and the south side of the north branch of the Calaveras River from the material excavated. The height of the lev :e is limited by necessary railway and highway crossings to about 3 feet .above the contemplated flood surface. The canal is empty during the greater part of the year, but at times of extreme flood there is a depth of about 12 feet, and at ordinary flood a depth of about 10 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1906, is $280,395. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902 (H. Doc. No. 152, 55th Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Report for 1899, p. 3188). The latest published map is in House Document No. 256, Sixty-third Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Underthe provisions of the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, all land needed for the right of way for this canal was re quired to be furnished free of cost to the United States, and this has been done, the matter having received the approval of the Secretary of War under date of December 2, 1907. The bridges across the canal were built by the United States, but they have been maintained, and four have been rebuilt by the local authorities. Prior to the commencement of work by the United States the waters of Mormon Slough had been diverted over the " Boggs Tract." Terminal facilities.-See report on San Joaquin River, Calif. Effect of improvement.-Deposits in Stockton and Mormon Chan- nels have been lessened and the cost of maintenance has been reduced. Navigation has not been interrupted by the formation of bars. The 1911 flood on the Calaveras River would have caused great damage to navigation had the diverting canal not been in existence. Operations and results during fiscal year.-A hired clamshell dredge excavated 53,000 cubic yards in cutting off a bend in the Calaveras River section of the diverting canal, a mile above its mouth, total expenditure under the contract and for a small tidal levee, inspection, surveys, etc., being $5,686.09 for new work. The same dredge excavated also a total of 22,400 cubic yards in main- tenance dredging just below the preceding, and near the mouth of the canal, at a total expenditure under the contract and for overhead of $2,502.72. A small working party cut and removed brush between points 2.0 and 3.9 miles above the mouth of the canal at a total expenditure of $1,250.53 for maintenance. In addition $535.92 was expended for maintenance liabilities of the preceding fiscal year. $1,007.00 was expended for miscellaneous surveys. 1674 REPORT' OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Total expenditures for all activities were $11,716.10, of which $6,419.93 was for new work and $5,296.17 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is completed, except for maintenance. Most of the silt formerly deposited in Stockton and Mormon Channels is diverted from them, thereby sav- ing the expensive annual dredging formerly necessary in these chan- nels. The total expenditures have been $301,166.33, of which $253,- 151.03 was for new work and $48,015.30 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend by June 30, 1924, all the funds unexpended for maintenance, as follows: Removal of brush, overhanging trees, and other obstructions from the channel and banks of both sections of the diverting canal, for main- tenance ---------------------------------------------- $1, 500.00. Removal of deposits of silt from both sections of the diverting canal with clamshell or land dredging plant, for maintenance--------- 3, 728. 67 Total -------- -------------------------------------- 5, 228. 67 The additional sum of $5,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925, for maintenance, as follows: Removal of brush, 'overhanging trees, and other obstructions from the channel and banks of both sections of the diverting canal, for main- tenance ------------ ------------------------------------- $2, 000 R4iioval of deposits of silt from both sections of the diverting canal :with clamshell or land dredging plant, for maintenance-----------3, 000 Total ---------- ---- ------------------------ 5--------- 5, 000 .ommercial statistics.-See report on San Joaquin River, Calif. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ----------------------------------------- $253, 151. 03 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 48, 015. 30 Net total expended --------------------------------- 301, 166. 33 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 306, 395. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work .. ............. ....... ... ........... . $4, 619.91 $6, 419.93 Expended for maintenance...... $18. 70 $8,044.06 $6,276.65 17, 131.71 5,296.17 Total expended............. 18.70 8, 044.06 6, 276. 65 21, 751.62 11, 716. 1 Appropriated or allotted................ I.... .. ............. 10,000.00 5,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended----------- $11, 944. 77 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923------------------------------------------5, 000. 00 16, 944. 77 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work ----------------------------- $6, 419.93 For maintenance -----------------------------5, 296. 17 11, 716. 10 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-----------------------------5, 228. 67 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance- -- ---- ------ . - 5, 000. 00 x Excluive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-2D SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1675 3. MOKELUMNE RIVER, CALIF. (A3.) Location and description.-The Mokelumne River rises near the crest of the Sierra Nevada, flows a total distance of 140 miles via the North Fork or 145 miles via the South Fork, and empties into the Sati Joaquin River 20 miles above the mouth of the latter. It. course is southwesterly 119 miles to the town of Woodbridge; then9. northe±ly about 9 miles to the Galt-New Hope Bridge; thence nortlY- westerly, westerly, and southerly 8 miles by river to New Hope Landing, where it separates, afterwards reuniting below in a sout . erly direction 9 miles via the North Fork and 14 miles via the Sout Fork (forming Staten Island); thence westerly 4 miles to its moul in the San Joaquin River. The lower river lies generally about midway between the cities of Sacramento and Stockton. It has a drainage area of about 2,400 square miles. The discharge varies from less than 100 second-feet from September to December to 3,000 from April to July. The average slope is about 0.5 foot per mile. The average width varies from about 1,000 feet at the lower end to about 100 feet at the head of navigation at Galt-New Hope Bridge. It is tidal over its navi- gable/ length, 35 miles, including both forks. Over the remaining or upper portion the flow is rapid. (See U. S. Geological Survey "Topographic Map of the Sacramento Valley, Calif.") Original condition.-In general, dimensions of channels and mini- mum usable depth at mean lower low water in the tidal reach, which is also the section included in the project, were as given above in Location and description and as tabulated below in Existing project, except for several large shoals. Also, snags and overhanging trees obstructed navigation. The head of navigation was at Galt-New Hope Bridge. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.--This provides for the removal of snags and obstructions and occasional dredging of shoals from the mouth of the river to Galt-New Hope Bridge, a distance of 35 miles, including both forks. The mean lower low water depths considered sufficient for needs of navigation are as follows: Mokelumne River. Location of section going upstream. Depth. Length. Feet. Miles. Mouth of river to lower junction North and South Forks ........................ 9 4 Lower junction North and South Forks to Snodgrass Slough via North Fork...... 9 8 Snodgrass Slough to upper junction North and South Forks via North Fork ...... 6 1 Lower junction North and South Forks to upper junction of same at New Hope Landing via South Fork .......................................... 9 14 New Hope Landing to Gait-New Hope Bridge ........................... .... 3 8 At low river stages the range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water at the mouth is 4 feet, with extreme tidal range of 5 feet; there is no tide at the upper end, just above Galt- New Hope Bridge. Ordinarily flood fluctuation is 5.5 feet at the mouth and 12 feet at the upper end. Extreme flood fluctuation is 8 feet at the mouth and 17 feet at the upper end. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1881, is $8,250. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $800. 1676 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 5, 1884 (Annual Report for 1882, p. 2637). For latest published map see House Document No. 1160, Sixty-third Congress, second session. R: ecommended modifidations of.project.-None. Local cooperation.-None has been required by law. In 1904 the State of California spent $10,000 and private parties $40,000, and in 1910 the State spent $22,782.39 on improvement of navigable chan- nels. Terminal facilities.--Commiodities are handled on landings or di- rectly on the banks at various points. The facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.Regular steamboat operation has been made possible to the Galt-New Hope Bridge, with a resulting tend- ency to reduce water freight rates. The development of the con- tiguous delta country is due considerably to the improved conditions for navigation, as the most practicable transportation is by water. Operation2 and results dmi g fiscal year.-None. An expenditure of $4.70 was made for inspection. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1885. Controlling depths are as shown in the table under Existing Project, except in the third section, where 4 feet, and in the fourth section, where 6 feet are the respective controlling depths. The channel is free of obstructions to the head of navigation, except for a few that usually develop at low-water stages in the fall. Ex- penditures have been $8,500 for new work and $27,038.07 for main- tenance, a total of $35,538.07. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend by June 30, 1924, all the funds unexpended, for maintenance, as follows: Dredging certain cumulative sand bars and shoals, chiefly near New Hope Landing _----------------------------------------------$1, 400. 00 Removing snags,, overhanging trees, and other obstructions chiefly be- tween New Hope Landing and Galt-New Hope Bridge------------- 461. 93 Total ---------------------------------------- 1, 861. 93 The additional sum of $800 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925, for maintenance, as follows: Dredging sand bars and shoals--------------- 650 Removing snags, overhanging trees, and other obstructions ------------ 150 Total -------------------------------------------------- 800 Commercial statistics.-Practicallyall freight is transported over those portions of the river where depths considered sufficient for the needs of navigation, under the existing project, are maintained. The draft of loaded vessels is seldom over 7 feet up to New Hope Landing, and seldom over 4 feet thence to Galt-New Hope Bridge. Commerce for the calendar year 1922 showed a decrease of 15 per cent in tonnage from that of 1921, and a decrease of 27 per cent in value. The ton- nage decrease, which also affected the value, was a still further reac- tion from the peak tonnage of 1920. Of the total tonnage, potatoes formed about 21 per cent; barley, 14 per cent; celery, 11 per cent; fuel oil, 8 per cent; beans, general merchandise, and crushed rock, RIVERS AND HARIBORS-2D SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1671 each 7 per cent; and onions, 6 per cent. There are no ports of call on this river. Comparative statement. Calendaryear. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1917........... 78, 954 $6,806, 410 18,961 1920.......... 91,498 $6, 260,596 18,813 1918.......... 67,949 6,135,575 17,290 1921.......... 88, 320 5,680, 278 14, 981 1919.......... 61,901 6,389, 698 19, 591 1922.......... 75,140 4,158, 332 12,166 Financial swmmary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work------------------------------------------- $8,500. 00 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 27, 038. 07 Net total expended ---------- ---------------- 35, 538. 07 Total appropriations to date of this report___________________ 37, 400. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.......................................... Expended for maintenance..... $1,500.00 $6.00 81,527.37 $............. $4.70 Appropriated or allotted..... . 2, 500.00 ................ . 800.00 800.00 800.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended__--___-___-____---- $1,066. 63 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923---------------------,------------- -------------- 800. 00 1, 866. 63 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 4. 70 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended____ 1,861. 93 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance---------------------------------- 800. 00 4. SACRAMENTO RIVER, CALIF. (A4.) Location and description.--This river is formed by numerous streams draining the Trinity and Warner Mountains in northern California, the principal of these being the McCloud, Fall, Pit, and Sacramento proper. From its junction with the Pit the river flows about 320 miles in a southerly direction and empties into Suisun Bay at Collinsville. It has a total drainage area of 27,100 square miles, including the Feather River. Its extreme flood discharge ranges from 278,000 second-feet at Red Bluff, the head of naviga- tion, to nearly 600,000 second-feet at Collinsville. Its ordinary low- water flow ranges from 4,000 second-feet at Red Bluff to 5,000 second-feet at Collinsville. Due to diversions for irrigation between these two points and a succession of 3 unusually dry years, a low stage of 3,200 second-feet at Red Bluff and practically nothing at Collinsville was reached in August, 1920. The upper end of the tidal reach is a little above Sacramento, 60.7 miles from the mouth. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1678 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The fall between the mouth and Sacramento is about 0.1 foot per mile at low water, and average width between banks is from 400 to 1,500 feet. Between Sacramiento and Colusa, 146.9 miles from the mouth, the fall at low water is about 0.4 foot per mile, and the aver- age width between banks is from 300 to 600 feet. Between Colusa and Chico Landing, 198.2 miles from the mouth, the fall at low water is about 1.4 feet per mile, and the average width between banks is from 500 to 1,000 feet. Between Chico Landing and Red Bluff, 250.6 miles from the mouth, the fall at low water is 2.4 feet per mile, and the average width between banks is from 500 to 1,000 feet. Between the mouth and Colusa the flow is sluggish. Above Colusa the current gradually becomes swift, reaching 6 miles per hour over rapids near Red Bluff. (See U. S. Geological Survey " Topographic Map of the Sacramento Valley, Calif.") Originalcondition.-From the mouth up to Sacramento there was a controlling depth at mean lower low water of 4 feet. River steam- ers were unable to reach Sacramento at low water without lightening their cargoes. From Sacramento to Colusa the controlling depth was a little over 3 feet. Between Colusa and Red Bluff nests of snags nearly blocked the river traffic, and the controlling depth at low water was less than 3 feet from Colusa to Chico Landing, and less than 1 foot from Chico Landing to Red Bluff. The head of naviga- tion was at Red Bluff. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1875, and modified by river and harbor acts of August 7, 1882, December 21, 1889, July 13, 1892, and August 18, 1894. The total amount expended thereunder prior to commence- ment of operations under the existing project in 1899 was $738,918.14, of which $185,198.19 is estimated as for new work and $553,719.95 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1985, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 7 feet deep from the mouth of the river to Sacramento, 60.7 miles; thence 4 feet deep to Colusa, 86.2 miles; thence 3 feet deep to Chico Landing, 51.3 miles; and such depths as practicable thence to Red Bluff, 52.4 miles. All depths are referred to low water. Below Sacramento the results are to be obtained by means of wing dams at or near shoals, supple- mented by dredging if necessary. Above Sacramento the results are to be obtained by removal of snags and concentration of the channel by temporary works. The following table shows the tidal and flood conditions prevailing: Sacramento River. Range in feet. Miles from Place. mouth of river. Mean Extreme Ordinary Extreme tidal.' tidal. flood. flood. Collinsville ............................ 0.0 5.8 7.0 8 9.9 Sacramento.............................. 60.7 . 75 1.25 20 30 Vernon............................ ........ 81 .............. Trace. 20 24 Colusa -... . .-........... ............. 146.9 ............ ...... ...... 25 32 Chico Landing .... ...................... 198.2 .......... ..... ... ... 20 25 Red Bluff............ ........ ......... 50.6 ............ ............ 24 29 1 Mean lower low water to mean higher high water. s Tide at low-water season only. RIVERS AND .HARBORS-2D SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1679 The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1898, is $280,000, exclu- sive of amounts expended under previous projects, on the Sacra- mento River below Sacramento. The latest (1923) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $95,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act approved March 3, 1899, provided for the work below Sacramento (H. Docs. Nos. 186, 55th Cong., 2d sess., and 48, 55th Cong., 3d sess.) ; the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the work above Sacramento (H. Doc. No. 76, 62d Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published maps of the section below Sacramento see House Docu- ment No. 1123, Sixtieth Congress,' second session; and of the section above Sacramento, House Document No. 76, Sixty-second Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-In House Document No. 1893, Sixty-fourth Congress, second session, it was recommended that Chico Landing, instead of Red Bluff, be made the head of the im- proverment. Local cooperation.-None is required by law. The State of Cali- fornia has constructed bank-protection works, wing dams, cut-offs, and removed obstructions. The city of Sacramento has built municipal wharves and freight sheds, and constructed bank protection works; and reclamation dis- tricts have dredged much material from the river for levees, to the material aid of navigation. It is estimated that the cost of this work has amounted to approximately $3,050,000, exclusive of that done in connection with the flood control project. (See report of California Debris Commission.) Terminal facilities.-At Sacramento there are 4,734 linear feet of wharves, of which 1,850 linear feet are owned by the city and 420 linear feet are open to general public use. There are 201,000 square feet of warehouse space, of which 74,000 Aluare feet are owned by the city and 18,480 square feet are open to general public use. Facilities for transferring to railways are fair. On the west bank, opposite Sacramento, are two wharves of a total length of 200 feet, with warehouses and a bean-cleaning plant in connection; one wharf 100 feet long, with a warehouse in connection, two rice mills, each with a warehouse in connection, and two other large warehouses. Total length of wharf is 300 linear feet, and total warehouse space is 108,560 square feet, all privately owned and used. Between Sacra- mento and Chico Landing there are no large wharves, but numerous small landings. Freight is also handled directly on the bank. From Sacramento to Colusa there are 25 warehouses, and from Colusa to Chico Landing 22 warehouses, all on or close to the bank. Between Sacramento and the mouth of the river, excluding Rio Vista, are 16 large wharves, about 36 large warehouses, and many small warehouses and landings. At Rio Vista are 1,440 linear feet of wharf, with warehouse facilities. All the above facilities, except as noted for Sacramento, are owned and operated by private interests. The fa- cilities are considered adequate for existing commerce, except at the city of Sacramento, where extension and improvement are quite de- sirable. (For a full description of terminal facilities, see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) 61637-ENG 1923---106 1680 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Effect of improvement.-Navigation from the mouth to Chico Landing has been assisted greatly with a tendency to keep down water and railroad freight rates and to aid in the agricultural develop- ment of the Sacramento Valley. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The river was cleared of obstructions to navigation from its mouth to Sidds Landing, 181 miles upstream; 3,011 obstructions were removed by hired labor using Government plant, at a total expenditure of $35,972.20. Two new wing dams were built on the north bank, 18 miles above the mouth; between Freeport and the mouth of Feather River, respec- tively 12 miles below and 20.7 miles above Sacramento, 5 new wing dams were built and 30 wing dams repaired; new temporary wing dams were built up to Butte City at points 88 miles, 97 miles, 102 miles and 112 miles above Sacramento; and one temporary wing dam was repaired, just below Butte City, at a total .expenditure of $36,929.05. In restoring and maintaining project depths, channels from 75 feet to 50 feet wide were dredged under contract by clamshell dredges as follows: (a) From a shoal at the head of Sutter Slough, 37 miles above the mouth of the river, total 4,700 cubic yards (and a log jam removed); (b) between Sacramento and a point 3.7 miles below-at Edwards Break, Y Street Bend, and Q Street Bend, total 68,075 cubic yards; (c) between Sacramento and the mouth of Feather River, 20.7 miles above, at Brytes Bend, 7,650 cubic yards; and (d) above Feather River to a point 52 miles above Sacramento, at Knights Landing and Boyers Bend, total 6,470 cubic yards. A total of 86,895 cubic yards was excavated, with total expenditure of $7,495.73, under the contract and for overhead. Other expenditures were $2,242.52 for plant, and $7,667.84 for liabilities of the preceding fiscal year. The total expenditures were $90,307.34, all for main- tenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project for work below Sacramento was completed in 1904. The controlling low- water depths during the fiscal year (for a short time in September) were as follows: From the mouth of the river to Sacramento, 7 feet; from Sacramento to Colusa, 3 feet; from Colusa to Butte City (26 miles above), 2.5 feet; from Butte City to Sidds Landing (8 miles above), 2 feet. The project depths at low water are generally available, except at a few shoals where emergency work is necessary. From February to May, inclusive, usually vessels drawing 14 feet can be taken to Sacramento with a gauge reading of 16 feet or over at Sacramento; those drawing 8 feet can be taken to Colusa with a gauge reading of 6 feet or over at Colusa; those drawing 5 feet can be taken to Chico Landing with a gauge reading of 5 feet or over at Chico Landing; and those drawing 4 feet can be taken to Red Bluff with a gauge reading of 5 feet or more at Red Bluff. Wing dams have been built and maintained at practically all shoals below Sacramento and above Sacramento to the mouth of the Feather River. Dredging has been done as it became necessary to supplement the action of wing dams in maintaining project depths. Snags and other obstructions have been removed annually. The total expenditures have been $1,089,620.74, of which $37;212.71 was for new work and $1,052,408.03 for maintenance. RIVERS AND HARBORS----2D SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1681 Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend by June 30, 1924, all the funds unexpended, for maintenance, as follows: Dredging at and below Sacramento----------------- $15,000. 00 Snagging below Sacramento______-------- ---------- ----- 5, 000. 00 Maintenance of wing-dam system at and below Sacramento ------- 19, 000. 00 Dredging ,above Sacramento-------------------------------13, 000.00 Snagging above Sacramento ----------------------- , 35, 000. 00 Maintenance of wing-dam system above Sacramento__--____------- 18, 000. 00 Snagging and dredging in interconnecting sloughs of loweI river .. 6, 522. 95 Total- -- ---- ---- - -------- 111, 522. 95 The additional sum of $95,000 can be profitably expended for maintenance during the fiscal year 1925, as follows: Dredging at and below Sacramento .-- __.. ---__ ___- -_-- $1.5, 000 Snagging below Sacramento ------------------- --------------- 5, 000 Maintenance of wing-dam system at and below Sacramento---------- 13, 000 Dredging above Sacramento ---------------------------------- 13, 000 Snagging above Sacramento ---------------------------------- 35, 000 Maintenance of wing-dam system above Sacramento---------------- 10, 000 Snagging and dredging in the interconnecting sloughs of the lower river -------------------------- __---------- ------ 4, 000 Total--------------------------------------------- 95, 000 Commercial statistics.--Practicallyall freight is transported over those portions of the river where project depths are maintained. 'The draft of loaded vessels is seldom over the respective project depths at low water, except for about 15 miles above the mouth. The commerce for the calendar year 1922, exclusive of the item water (see Annual Report, 1919, p. 1794) and of Government mate- rials used in improving the river, showed an increase of about 23 per cent in tonnage and 16 per cent in value from the correspond- ing amounts for 1921. This increase, chiefly in vegetable food prod- ucts, building materials and general merchandise, was due to the growth and development of the Sacramento Valley, and nearly nor- mal conditions of navigation. Of the total net tonnage obtained as above, grain and millstuffs formed about 28 per cent; sand and gravel, 20 per cent; general merchandise, 14 per cent; fruit and vegetables, and fuel oil, each 8 per cent; canned goods, 5 per cent; refined oils, 4 per cent; and beans and hay, each 3 per cent. There are no ports of call on this river. Comparative statem ent. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers.' Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1917........... 947,690 $96, 820, 992 57,797 1920 2......... ,377,700 53,946,146 10, 923 1918.......... 1, 053, 510 113,991,123 112,206 1921 ......... 976,596 52,092,263 102, 807 1919 1....... 1, 666 025 78, 601, 238 91,540 19224 ...... 1,291,135 60, 606, 728 93,903 1Includes 712,500 tons of water, valued at $27,075. ' Includes 599,883 tons of water, valued at $60,468, and 13,682 tons of Government materials used in im- provement of the river, valued at $606,191. 3 Includes 143,000 tons of water, valued at $17,847, and 14,028 tons of Government materials used in im- provement of the river, valued at $217,478. 4 Includes 269,667 tons of water, valued at $20,263, and 12,958 tons of Government materials used in im- provement of the river, valued at $199,934. 1682 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $6,069.72: New work ---------------------------------------- $222, 410. 90 Maintenance . --- 1, 606, 127 98 Net total expended ----------------------------- 1, 828, 538. 88 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------1, 940, 061. 83 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work ................. . Expended for maintenance 1.... $71, 753.07 $54, 344. 59 $211, 771. 27 $97, 111. 96 90, 307.34 Appropriated or allotted......... 214, 000.00 114, 061.83 95, 000.00 95,000.00 95,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-------------------------- $105, 190. 33 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923------------------------------------- 95, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 , 639. 96 1---------------- 201, 830. 29 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance 1.. - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 90,307. 34 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------------------------111, 522. 95 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities---------------------------7, 593. 10 July 1, 1923, balance available 929. 85 1--------------------------- Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance-------------------------------- 2 95, 000. 00 5. FEATHER RIVER, CALIF. (A5.) Location and description.-The Feather River rises in the Sierra Nevada, flows southwesterly about 125 miles, and empties into the Sacramento River about 20 miles by river above the city of Sacra- mento. Its total drainage area is 6,200 square miles, and its extreme flood discharge is nearly 250,000 second-feet and low-water discharge 1,600 second-feet. It has a fall of about 1.15 feet per mile from Marysville to its mouth (28.3 miles by river) and an average width of 400 to 800 feet. In places the current is very swift. (See U. S. Geological Survey sheet " Topographic Map of the Sacramento Val- ley.") Original condition.-The river was much obstructed by deposits of mining debris and snags. Navigation was carried on during high water, but was impracticable during the low-water stage, which may be expected during August and September. Controlling depth from January to June was 2.5 feet; the head of navigation was at Marys- ville, 28.3 miles from the mouth. Previous projects.-There has been no previous separate project for the improvement of the Feather River. Under the title of im- proving the " Sacramento and Feather Rivers " funds have been ap- propriated for many years, but in accordance with the views as ex- pressed on pages 3171 et seq., part 4 of the Annual Report for 1899, 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-2D SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1683 " that no permanent improvement at reasonable or justifiable cost can be carried out * * * until the flow of sand and other mining detritus from the Yuba and Bear Rivers is stopped," work of im- proving the Feather River was held in abeyance. A little work of temporary improvement was done previous to 1899. Existing project.-This provides for a depth at low-water stage of 2.5 feet, and such varying width as is practicable and needed, by the removal of snags, overhanging trees, and similar obstructions, the building of temporary wing dams, and occasional dredging, from its mouth at Vernon up to Marysville, 28.3 miles. Ordinary flood fluc- tuation is 20 feet, and extreme flood fluctuation is about 25 feet. The estimate of cost for new work prescribed by the act of 1910 is $20,000, exclusive of the amounts expended under previous projects, one-half to be furnished by local interests. The existing project was 'adopted by the river and harbor act approved July 27, 1916, without previous report. (For latest published map see U. S. Geo- logical Survey " Topographic Map of the Sacramento Valley, Calif.") Recommended- modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved July 27, 1916, appropriated $10,000 for this river, subject to the condition that local interests should contribute a like sum toward the im- provement. This condition has been met, $5,000 of the amount coming from the State of California and $2,500 each from Sutter and Yuba Counties. Considerable work has been done by local inter- ests in construction of training walls, restraining barriers, and in snagging and bank-protection work; and freight sheds and terminal facilities have been provided at Marysville. It is estimated that about $1,000,000 has been so expended. Terminal facilities.-There are several small landings, all being privately owned. All other traffic is handled directly on the bank. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-No definite results can be stated, except that the removal of snags from the channel and overhanging trees from banks has undoubtedly improved conditions of navigation; and the city of Marysville enjoys terminal railroad rates. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 30.8 per cent completed. The controlling depth from the mouth at Vernon up to Marysville was 3 feet from February 15 to June 15, 1923. The channel and banks are cleared of the worst obstructions and any possible navigation thereby facilitated; the work remaining to be done is the removal of obstructions and construction of wing- dams as needed and soundings to determine if dredging is advisable. The total expenditures are $6,164.71 for new work, and $4.75 for maintenance, $9.56 being from United States funds and $6,159.90 from contributed funds. Proposed operations.-With the funds unexpended removal of obstructions from the channel and banks and wingdam and dredging work will be undertaken as needed to maintain the seasonal naviga- tion. The amount and location of this work can not be determined in advance. Work on this project was suspended after 1918 in conformity with the department's policy of eliminating all but absolutely necessary expenditures during the World War, thus postponing completion of 1684 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. the project. In compliance with the resolution of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors of the House of Representatives, Sixty-seventh Congress, third session, dated February 6, 1922, the necessity for re- suming work on this project has been investigated. Those available funds not required for maintenance of the present seasonal naviga- tion will be held in abeyance until the results of the above investi- gation are ascertained. Commercial statistics.--The commercial statistics reported before the calendar year of 1916 were included in the report for the Sacra- mento :River. Comparative statement. Calendar year. SShort tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1917....................... .135 $13,595 1920....................... 567 $27,145 1918....................... 287 25,210 1921...................... 1,256 22,153 1919...................... 2621 22,260 1922....................... 1, 088 7,616 The only commodity was fuel oil used by dredges in reclama- tion work. Financial su nmary. TUNITED STATES FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work .........---------------------------------------------------- $4. 81 Maintenance -- -- --------------------------- 4. 75 Net total expended -- -------------- -------- 9. 56 Total appropriations to date of this report --------------------- 504. 81 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.... Expended for maintenance........................... ......... ..... $4.75............. Appropriated or allotted...... ...... ................................... ..... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended --------------------------------- $495. 25 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -- _ __-__-__ 495. 25 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ------ ------------------------------- $6, 159. 90 Maintenance ------- Total contributions to date of this report ------------- ----- 10, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........ .. ..................... ................. Expended for maintenance................................................ Contributed ..................... ,... .... ................ . ... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended_--------------------------------- $3, 840.10 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended. 3, 840. 10 ----------------------- RIVERS AND HARBORS-2D SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., DISTRICT. 1685 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR FEATHER RIVER, CALIF. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ------------------------------------------- $6, 164. 71 Maintenance---------------------------------------------4. 75 Net total expended---__ -__-----_-___---_ - 6, 169. 46 Total .appropriations to date of this report--- --------- 10, 504. 81 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work................................ .................. ............. ..... ...... Expended for maintenance..................... I............. .. .... .... 4.75........... Appropriated or allotted........ ........ ........... ............................... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---.-------------- ----------- $4, 335.35 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_______ - _-- --- ---___ -- 4, 335. 35 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $6,069.72: New work- -------- _$915, 473. 50 Maintenance_---------_ _ --------------- 2, 233, 921. 68 Net total expended_-------------------------- 3, 149, 395. 18 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 3, 303, 163. 64 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1....... $25,759.50 26,370.42 $90,798.51 $4,619.91 $16, 474.80 Expended for maintenance 1..... 78, 725. 27 64, 867. 12 249, 479. 24 135, 303.32 111,372. 83 Total expended .......... 104 484.77 1,237, 54 340,277.75 139,923.23 127,847.63 Appropriated or allotted......... 262, 500. 00 114,061.83 117,800. 00 138, 800. 00 126, 800. 00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-- 153, 176. 13 $------------------- Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved March 2, 1923----------------------------------126, 800. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923__-- _____________ 1, 639. 96 281, 616. 09 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year:1 For new work-------------------------- $16, 474. 80 For maintenance_-__ --------------- _ 111, 372. 83 127, 847. 63 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ---------------------- ---- 153, 768. 46 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities---------------------------7, 877. 55 July 1, 1923, balance available--------------- ------------- 145, 890. 91 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance--------__-___----------------_126, 800. 00 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED JULY 27, 1916, AUGUST 8, 1917 AND SEPTEMBER 22, 1922. The local engineer was charged with the duty of making prelimi- nary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor 1 Not deducting receipts from, salesJ etc. 2 Exclusive of availale funds. 1686 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY,' 1923. acts of July 27, 1916, August 8, 1917, and September 22, 1922, as fol- lows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. San Joaquin River and Stockton Channel, Calif. 2. Sacramento River, Calif., from the city of Sacramento to the city of Colusa, with a view to providing a channel 6 feet in. depth. 3. Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers, Calif. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. The district embraces the territory included in the Snake River basin, Oreg., Wash., and Idaho; the Columbia River from the Snake to Vancouver, Wash.; the entire State of Oregon, except the Willam- ette River basin and the Columbia River from Vancouver to the sea. District engineers: Col. J. B. Cavanaugh, Corps of Engineers, to August 1, 1922, and Maj. George Mayo, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineers: Col. J. B. Cavanaugh, Corps of Engineers, to August 1, 1922, Col. Edw. H. Schulz, Corps of Engineers, to May 21, 1923, and Col. W. J. Barden, Corps of Engineers, since June 19, 1923. IMPROVEMENTS. [The letters and figures in parentheses indicate the group, and the numerical order in the group, to which the respective improvements belong for purposes of appropriation.] Page. Page. 1. Coquille River, Oreg. (Al) _ 1686 11. The Dalles - Celilo Ca n al, 2. Coos Bay, Oreg. (A2)------ 1692 Oreg. and Wash. (B2) 1728 3. Coos River, Oreg. (A3) ___ 1698 12. Columbia River and tribu- 4. Siuslaw River, Oreg. (A4) 1701 taries above Celilo Falls, 5. Yaquina River, Oreg. (A5) 1704 to the mouth of Snake 6. Yaquina Bay and Harbor, River, Oreg. and Wash. Oreg. (A6)-------------1707 (B3) ------------------ _ 1731 7. Tillamook Bay, Oreg. (A7)_ 1713 13. Snake River, Oreg., Wash., 8. Nehalem Bay, Oreg. (A8)__ 1717 and Idaho (B4)--------- 1734 9. Umpqua River, Oreg______ 1721 14. Operating and care of the* 10. Cascades Canal, Columbia Cascades Canal_ --------- 1740 River, Oreg. (B1) _______ 1725 15. Operating and care of The Dalles-Celilo Canal ------ 741 COQUILLE, COOS, SIUSLAW, AND YAQUINA RIVERS AND COOS, YAQUINA, TILLAMOOK, AND NEHALEM BAYS, OREG. (GROUP A.) 1. COQUILLE RIVER, OREG. (Al.) Location and description.-The Coquille River rises in the Coast Range, flows in a general westerly direction for about 100 miles, and empties into the Pacific Ocean at Bandon, Oreg., about 225 miles south of the mouth of the Columbia River and 420 miles north of San Francisco Bay, Calif. It has a drainage area of about 1,050 square miles. The low-water discharge is approximately 300 second-feet. From the mouth to the fork, 36 miles, the widths between banks vary from 800 feet near the mouth to 150 feet at the fork. The tidal reach extends about 2 miles up the North and South Forks, or 38 miles from the entrance. Above the tidal reach the tributaries are narrow, swift- running mountain streams. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5802.) RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1687 Original condition.-The channel mouth was shifting, studded with dangerous rocks, and available for small coasting vessels only, the depth on the bar being usually about 3 feet at mean lower low water. Inside the entrance the channel width varied from about 400 feet near the mouth to 50 feet at the fork, with a controlling low- water depth of 5 feet to Coquille, 25 miles above the mouth, and 1 foot to Myrtle Point, the head of navigation, 37 miles above the mouth. Logging was carried on extensively on the headwaters for distances of 30, 26, and 18 miles above Myrtle Point on the North, South, and Middle Forks, respectively. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, and modified by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892. The expenditures thereon prior to the com- mencement of work in 1910 under the existing project amounted to $382,192.75, of which $302,841.68 was for jetty construction, $6,883.90 for snagging the river, and $31,000 for improvement of the channel from Coquille City to Myrtle Point, a total of $340,725.58 for new work and $41,467.17 was for maintenance. For further details of previous project see page 1986 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for two rubblestone jetties at the mouth, the south jetty being 2,700 feet long and the north one 3,450 feet, for a channel 13 feet deep at mean lower low water and 200 feet wide up to the Bandon Lighthouse; thence 12 feet deep to Bandon; thence 10 feet deep and 100 feet wide (140 feet at Bandon Shoal) to Riverton, 16 miles; and thence 9 feet deep and 100 feet wide to Coquille, 9 miles; for snagging from Bandon to North Fork, 36 miles; for the removal of rocks near the mouth and midchannel rock at Rocky Point; and for a rubblestone spur dike 150 feet long at the old south jetty. The plane of reference is mean lower low water. The mean of the higher high waters above the plane of reference and the extreme tidal ranges at the mouth of the river are 6 and about 10 feet, respectively. At the head of navigation, Myrtle Point (37 miles from the mouth), there is a tidal range of about 1 foot and maximum freshet stages of about 20 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1917, is $178,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $16,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 14, 1880, provided for the jetties (S. Ex. Doc. No. 14, 45th Cong., 3d sess., and Annual Report for 1879, p. 1806); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the remaining features of the project above Bandon (H. Doc. No. 673, 61st Cong., 2d sess.), and the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the channel improvement from the ocean to Bandon (H. Doc. No. 207, 65th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map of the entrance is found in the last-men- tioned document, and that of the river is in House Document No. 70, Sixty-fifth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, adopted the project for deepening the channel between the entrance and Bandon on condition that the local interest contribute 50 per cent of the first cost of this project. This condition has been ful- filled, and funds amounting to $64,000 have been made available for 1688 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. expenditure. No conditions regarding the other features of the existing project have been imposed by law, but the ports of Bandon and Coquille River have, however, expended $43,842.20 for dredging the channels to Coquille, $33,856.17 for dredging and snagging be- tween Coquille and Myrtle Point, $500 for repairs, and $47,585.23 for the construction of a rubblestone jetty or training wall, about 2,000 feet in length, from the west end of the Bandon wharves, paralleling the north jetty, about 700 feet distant, to a connection with the old south jetty at a point about 1,300 feet from its outer end. Terminal facilities.-At Bandon, a town of 2,000, there are six wharves, with a total frontage of about 1,200 feet, all privately owned, but open to all on equal terms. There are no mechanical de- vices for handling freight. Between Bandon and Coquille (25 miles) there are several small privately owned wharves. At Coquille (a town of 1,500) the city owns 527 feet of water front and maintains 236 feet of municipal wharves, open to all on equal terms. There are also several privately owned wharves in this vicinity. The Southern Pacific Railroad has a branch which passes through Coquille, close to the shore ends of the wharves, but there is no physical connection between the railroad and the river. There are no railroads below Coquille on the river. The existing terminals are adequate for the present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities 'see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Transportationby water has been ren- dered safer and better. Boats drawing 12 feet can now safely cross the bar at high tide and ascend the stream to Strangs Shoal, 23 miles from the ocean. There has also been a considerable increase in com- merce since the beginning of the improvement. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations under modi- fications of the existing project providing for the channel improve- ment from the ocean to Bandon, adopted by the act of March 2, 1919, which were in progress at the beginning of the year, were continued with the Coquille River plant when conditions were favorable. During the year the U. S. hopper dredge No. 11 removed 35,500 cubic yards of sand and gravel overlying the ledge rock in the en- trance, at a field cost of $9,163.79, or 25.81 cents per cubic yard. The U. S. bucket dredge Coos was transferred from Coos Bay on June 13,1923, and began excavation of ledge rock below Bandon. The work was mostly experimental, but 150 cubic yards of rock were removed at a cost of $3,514.68, or $23.43 per cubic yard. The inner end of the dike from the shore end of the North Jetty was extended shoreward a distance of 100 feet to close the gap between the end of the dike and the main shore where the sea had eroded the bank. The cost of this work was $1,915.17. The total expenditure for the year for new work in the channel below Bandon was $12,581.85. The channel through Strangs Shoal (23 miles above Bandon) was restored to project dimensions (100 feet wide and 9 feet deep at mean lower low water) by the use of the port of Coquille's bucket dredge. The dredge removed 8,250 cubic yards of sand from the channel at a field cost of $1,146.75 or 13.9 cents per cubic yard. During the year 235 sunken logs and snags were removed from the river above Bandon at a cost of $319.50, by hired plant. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1689 The restoration of the channel between Coquille and Myrtle Point, which was in progress at the beginning of the year, was completed on July 29, 1922. The U. S. bucket dredge No. 2 was used for this work on a rental basis, the port of Coquille paying all opeyating expenses. The expenditure during the year for the maintenance of the chan- nels above Bandon was $2,198.01. The total expenditures during the year were as follows: United Contributed Total States funds. funds. New work ......................... ... ...... ........ ....... 3, 619.56 8,962.29 $12,81. 85 Maintenance............................ ........... 2,198.......... ......... 2,198.01 Total ............... ....... .................... 5,817.57 8, 962.29 14,779.86 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 85 per cent complete. The only remaining new work in connection with the existing project is the deepening of the: channel between the en- trance and Bandon, upon which actual construction work began in July, 1920, and was in progress at the end of the year. A survey of the entrance made in May, 1923, shows a controlling depth of 14 feet, in a channel 300 feet wide, across the.ocean bar (about 500 feet outside of the ends of the jetties), and 11 feet on a rocky shoal in a channel 300 feet wide about 400 feet inside of the ends of the jetties. The controlling depth from the ocean bar to Bandon is 8 feet in a channel 200 feet wide on a sand shoal between the jetties, about one-third mile inside of the outer ends of the jet- ties. No survey was made of the river, but it is reported that there is a controlling depth of about 6 feet in a channel 100 feet wide between Bandon and Coquille, and about 4 feet in a channel 50 feet wide between Coquille :and Myrtle Point. The total amount expended under the existing project was as follows: United StatesContributed Total funds. funds. $151,195.99 New work .................................................. $43,968.12 $195,164.11 Maintenance ........................................ 77............. 39,928 . 39,928.77 Total................................. .................. 191,124.76 43,968.12 235,092.88 Proposed operations.--It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds to the improvement of the entrance to the harbor and to the maintenance of the project channels in the river as follows: New work: Operation of U. S. suction dredge No. 11, dredging sand and gravel at entrance, 3 months, at $4,000 per month---------- $12, 000. 00 Operation of U. S. bucket dredge Coos and use of explosives in removing subaqueous rock, 4 months at $6,000, per month_ 24, 000. 00 For the prevention of further erosion behind the inside of north jetty pile and brush dike ---------------------- 3, 000.00 Caring for Government plant, 8 months, at $500 per month___ 4, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies------ 9, 853.05 Total for new work ... ------------ 48, 853.05 1690 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Maintenance: Operation of Government bucket dredge, restoring river chan- . nels, 2 months, at $1,500 per month____- . ______-__ $3, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies --- 545. 92 Total for maintenance--------------- -------- 3, 545. 92 Total for new work and maintenance ----- Outstanding liabilities for fiscal year 1923-__ _______----- _-------___ 52, 398. 27 4, 500. 00 56, 898. 27 The work proposed includes the balance of the $64,000 contributed by local interests in accordance with the provision of the existing project. The available funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, is as follows: New work: None proposed. Maintenance: Operation of Government plant or hired dredge to restore channel above Bandon- Dredging Bandon shoal 5 months at $2,500 per month------- $12, 500 Dredging Strangs shoal 2 months at $1,500 per month-------- 3. 000 Engineering and contingencies-----------_---__- 2, 500 Total ------------- ------------------ 18, 000 This covers about four years of maintenance. The channel above Bandon to Randolph shoal (5- miles) was restored to project depth in 1920. Commercial statistics.-The exports consist principally of lumber, railroad ties, and farm products; the imports of general merchan- dise, machinery, and agricultural implements. During the calendar year 1922 the commerce over the bar amounted to 68,203 tons, valued at $3,423,452, while that for the river proper amounted to 103,096 tons, valued at $3,898,427. Nearly all commerce passes over the sec- tion under improvement. The usual draft of boats carrying lumber over the bar, which forms about 90 per cent of the outbound ocean traffic, is about 12 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918, bar and 1921, bar and river ....... 254, 850 $4, 576, 428 59, 364 river....... 2 133, 204 $5, 882, 662 44, 245 1919, bar and 1922, bar and river...... 229, 330 5,955, 898 44, 971 river....... 171, 299 7, 321, 879 40, 850 1920, bar and river...... 186,928 5,788,065 34, 701 1Includes 1,550 tons floated logs valued at $21,494. 2 Includes 51,995 tons floated logs valued at $389,959. 8 Includes 78,892 tons floated logs valued at $262,710. The decrease in the commerce of 1920 is due to the river com- merce, which decreased about 67 per cent below that of 1919, due to the suspension of the principal sawmill on the river, on account of the depressed lumber market. The increase of commerce for the year 1922 is due to the increased quantities of floated logs. The ocean commerce for 1921 was about RIVERS AND HARBORS--FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1691 15 per cent less than that of 1922, due to decreased shipments of lumber. Financial summary. UNITED STATES FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $15,424.77: New work ------- ------------------------------- $491, 921. 57 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 81, 395. 94 Net total expended,_ ---- ____--- ----------------- 573, 317. 51 Total appropriations to date of this report__ _ 601, 292. 70 6_____________ Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1....... $1, 327. 00 $2,880. 83 $28,956.37 $9, 155. 15 $3, 619. 56 Expended for maintenance 1.... 4,127. 82 8, 035. 37 8,312. 48 3, 421.91 2,198. 01 Total expended 1........... 5, 454. 82 10, 916. 20 37, 268. 85 12,577.06 5, 817. 57 Appropriated or allotted........ 64,000.00 .. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended_____________--_________ $32, 980. 84 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923----------------- 811. 92 33, 792. 76 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year:' For new work_______________________------------------------------ $3, 619. 56 For maintenance ----------------------------- 2, 198. 01 5, 817. 57 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_____________________________ 27, 975. 19 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities -- __-_ 1, 500. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available__________________________ 26,475. 19 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance _18, 000. 00 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ----------------------------------------- $43, 968. 12 Maintenance ___ Total appropriations to date of this report____________________ 72, 891. 20 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work....... ............. $8,240.00 $7, 445.10 $10,429.53 $8,962.29 Expended for maintenance...... .......... ............................ .......... Appropriated or allotted.......... ........... 64,000. 00 .. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended _________---_______________ $37, 885. 37 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work__ 8, 962. 29 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ---------------------------- 28, 923. 08 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities___________________________ 3, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available__ _------- 25, 923. 08 2 EclusivVe of avalable funds. 1Not deducting: receipt~s from sales, etc. 1692 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR COQUILLE RIVER, OREG. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $15,424.77: New work ---------------------------------------------- $535, 889. 69 Maintenance--------------------------------- 81, 395. 94 Net total expended .----- ______-- ---------- 617,285. 63 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 674, 183. 90 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1...... $1,327.00 $11,120.3 $36, 401.47 $19,584.68 $12, 581.85 Expended for maintenance 1..... 4,127.82 8,035.37 8,312.48 3,421.91 2,198.01 Totalexpended1.......... 5,454.82 19,156.20 44,713.95 23,006.59 14,779.8 Appropriated or allotted......... 64, 000.00 64,000.00 ....................... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ------------ ------ $70, 866. 21 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 ___-___---_ - 811. 92 71, 678. 13 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work-----------------------------$12, 581. 85 For maintenance -----------------------------2, 198. 01 14, 779. 86 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended --------------------------- 56, 896.27 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities--------------- -------- 4, 500. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available-----------------------------52, 398. 27 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance___---- - -______----___ 2 18, 000. 00 2. COOS BAY, OREG. (A2.) Location and description.-CoosBay is an indentation in the Pa- cific coast, in Oregon, about 200 miles south of the mouth of Columbia River and 445 miles north of San Francisco Bay, Calif. It is about 13 miles in length by 1 mile wide, with a tidal area of about 15 square mil s, which includes about 1,000 acres of anchorage with a depth of not less than 18 feet at mean lower low water. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5802.) Originalcondition.--The channel across the bar was about 200 feet wide, with a depth of 10 feet. It followed the north spit in a tortu- ous course, but was used by small coasting vessels. The bay ship channel to Marshfield, 13 miles from the bar, was obstructed by shoals, had a minimum width of about 200 feet to North Bend and a controlling depth of about 11 feet. Above North Bend the channel narrowed gradually toward Marshfield, where it was only about 50 feet wide, with a depth of 6 feet. Previous project.-These were adopted by the river and harbor acts of March 3, 1879, September 19, 1890, and August 18, 1894. The 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1693 amount expended thereunder, prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1910, was $980,897.27, of which $802,096.44 was for new work and $178,800.83 for maintenance. For further details of pre- vious projects, see pag: 1987 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a rubblestone jetty 9,600 feet long at the north side of the ocean entrance (completed in 1894), an, for the restoration of the north jetty; the construction of a south jetty at the entrance; dredging on the ocean bar; and a channel between the bar and Millington, on Isthmus Slough (15 miles), 22 fe t deep, 300 feet wide in front of Marshfield, North Bend, and through the rocky reef near Pigeon Point, and generally 200 feet elsewhere, to Smiths Mill, and 150 feet wide above Smiths Mill to Millington. The plane of reference is mean lower low water. The mean of the higher high waters above the plane of reference and the extreme tidal ranges at the entrance are 6.4 feet and about 11 feet, respectively, and at Marshfield, 6 and 10 feet, respectively. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1922, is $4,085,000, exclusive of amounts expend d on previous projects. The latest (1922) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $123,000, not including possible repairs to the jetties after a number of years. Thy existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The acts of March 3, 1879, and September 19, 1890, pro- vided for two jetties (Annual Reports for 1879, p. 1791, and 1890, p. 2936); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for dredging of the ocean bar without further jetty construction (H. Doc. No. 958, 60th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the 22-foot channel to Smiths Mill (H. Doc. No. 325, 65th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. 150, 67th Cong., 2d sess.), provided for the restoration of the north jetty, construction of a south jetty, and the extension of the 22-foot bay channel from Smith's Mill to Millington. The latest published map is in the last- mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions have been imposed by law, but the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, directed the Secretary of War to use any additional money that may be placed at his disposal by the port of Coos Bay or by any other organization or by indi- viduals for the improvement of the inner harbor. With the excep- tion of $11,100 contributed to operate the dredges Michie and Oregon in 1914 when no Government funds were available, no funds have been placed at his disposal. The port of Coos Bay, however, raised $600,000 by the sale of bonds for the purpose of dredging a channel 300 feet wide and 25 feet deep at mean lower low tide, from a point above Marshfield to deep water in the lower bay, a distance of 13 miles, with turning basins 500 feet wide opposite Marshfield and North Bend. This work was finished in April, 1915, and, in addition certain contiguous sloughs have been deepened by dredging. Since the beginning of the improvement to the end of the fiscal year 1920 local interests, consisting of the port of Coos Bay, the town of Marshfield, and others, have expended approximately $597,000 on the improvement of channels within the bay. Terminal facilities.-At North Bend, 8 miles from the entrance, there is a municipal wharf with 1,000 feet of frontage open to all, 1694 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. with no dockage or wharfage charges. In addition to the above- mentioned wharf there are about 1,400 feet of privately owned mill wharves for the sole use of their owners. The above wharves are without mechanical appliances and do not have railway connections. Between North Bend and Marshfield there is a small public wharf with a frontage of 200 feet, on shallow water, and a private wharf in very' poor condition, with a frontage of 300 feet on a depth of about 12 feet. At Marshfield, 12 miles from the entrance, there is a broken line of wharves about 4,500 feet in length, of which 50 feet is a public dock open to all, the remainder being privately owned. These wharves have no railway connection. About one-half mile above them the Southern Pacific maintains a wharf which has 510 feet of frontage and railway connections. The port of Coos Bay has purchased a frontage of 1,800 feet on the deep water channel-about halfway between North Bend and Marsh- field, and has constructed a public wharf on 600 feet of this frontage, connected with the tracks of the Southern Pacific Railway Co., and provided with a locomotive crane. This terminal, although built especially with a view of assembling and shipping cargoes of lumber received by rail from near-by mills, forms a connection between rail and water for any freight which may offer. At East Marshfield, a small settlement across the bay, there is a public wharf with 100 feet frontage, and a privately owned wharf with 60 feet frontage. Both of these wharves are free and open to all. About 1 mile above Marshfield there is a private wharf about 1,000 feet in length, which is equipped with modern electrically operated machinery for loading lumber on vessels, and which is not open to general public use. It is believed that the existing terminals are adequate for the needs of the present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facili- ties see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has rendered transpor- tation by water safer and less costly and has greatly increased the water-borne commerce of the port by permitting vessels of greater draft to enter the harbor. The limit of draft of vessels was 10 feet before improvement, and vessels drawing 21 feet now safely enter the harbor. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No active jetty con- struction work was in progress. Preliminary operations, including shipment of plant from other works were in progress at the end of the year. The expenditure for the year was'$1.855.20. The excavation of the 22-foot channel, which was in progress at the beginning of the year, was continued until May, 1923, when drill- ing and blasting of the rocky reef off Pigeon Point was completed. During the year 11,664 linear feet of holes were drilled at a cost of $23,283.41, or $1.996 per linear foot. Dredging the material shattered by blasting began in September, 1922, and was temporarily sus- pended at the end of May, 1923. During the year 21,257 cubic yards (scow measurement) were removed from the channel by the dredge Coos at a field cost of $32,493.52, or $1.529 per cubic yard. No new RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1695 work was done in the bay channel above Pigeon Point Reef. The total expenditure for new work for the 22-foot channel during the year was $73,178.14, of which $10,612.19 was applied to construction and repair of plant, $23,283.41 to drilling and blasting, $32,493.52 for dredging Pigeon Point Reef, and the balance for office ex- penses, etc. The,maintenance of the ocean bar channel by dredging, which was in progress at the end of the last fiscal year, was continued with the U. S. Dredge Col. P. S. Michie until September 1, 1922, when the dredge was transferred to the Seattle district to work in Grays Har- bor. On November 7, 1922, the Michie was sent to Portland for gen- eral overhauling, and when entering the Columbia River got off her course and struck on the south jetty, sustaining considerable damage to the hull. After repairs and overhauling were completed, dredging operations on Coos Bay bar were resumed on February 21, 1923, and was in progress at the end of the year. During the fiscal year the Michie worked on the ocean bar a total of 106 days (1,182 hours 52 minutes effective working time) and removed 1,042,400 cubic yards at a field cost of $47,609.85, or 4.57 cents per cubic yard. The total field cost for the Michie during the year was $129,828.05, including repairs, etc., for maintenance. The construction of the fuel station at Empire was practically completed in 1922. During the year the oil tank was painted, a small oil house constructed, and other minor work done. The expenditure during the year was $1,119.25, making a total expenditure of $39,- 600.60 to date for the oil station, including wharf, 15,000-barrel oil tank, storehouse, etc. In July, 1922, a shoal in the 22-foot channel above the railroad bridge was removed by the Port of Coos Bay's dredge at a cost of $4,759.29 for 23,920 cubic yards, or a unit cost of 19.89 cents. The total expenditure during the year for maintenance of the 22- foot channel was $4,759.29. The total expenditure for the year under the existing project was $227,885.06, of which $75,389.29 was for new work and $152,495.77 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 25 per cent complete. The new work (dredging) in the bar channel is practically completed and the project for the 22-foot channel from the entrance to Millington is about 80 per cent completed. No work has been done in the restoration of the north jetty, the con- struction of the south jetty, nor in the 22-foot channel above Smith's mill. At the close of the dredging season, September 1, 1922, there was a controlling depth on the ocean bar of 30 feet in a channel 250 feet wide. The winter storms shoaled the bar to about 19 to 22 feet before dredging operations began February 21, 1923. The Michic restored the channel depth to 25 feet in a channel 400 feet wide by the end of the fiscal year. The controlling depth on the rocky shoal off Coos Head (about one mile inside the bar) is 24 feet in a channel 400 feet wide. The controlling depth between the entrance and the head of the bay is 18 feet on a rock reef off Pigeon Point. 61637-ENG 1923-----107 1696 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The total amount expended under the existing project was as fol- lows: United States Contributed Total funds. funds. New work ................................................. $745,292.95. .............. $745,292.95 Maintenance............................................... 824,542.44 $11,100.00 835,642.44 Total.......... ........... ................ 1,569,835.39 11,100.00 1,580,935.39 Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds to the improvement of the entrance to the harbor, the im- provement of the bay channels, and to the maintenance of the bar and inside bay' channels, as follows: New work: 22-foot channel- Removal of subaqueous rock reef at Pigeon Point in Coos Bay by drilling, blasting and dredging by hired labor and operation of Government plant, 7 months (Sept. 1-Dec. 15 and Mar. 15-June 30), at $6,000 per month---------------------------------- $45, 000. 00 Dredging Isthmus Slough to Millington, by operation of hired plant (Port of Coos Bay pipe line dredge), 300,000 cubic yards silt and mud, at $0.18 _ _ 54, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies-- - _- - 12, 434. 10 $111, 434. 10 North jetty restoration- Plant including fuel scows, locomotives, dump cars, derricks, hoisting engines, etc_______ 30, 000. 00 Receiving wharf__________________________ 11, 000. 00 Buildings and water supply________________ 6, 000. 00 Single track approach tramway, 2,750 linear feet, at $11 per linear foot-__ -____-__- - 30, 250. 00 Double track jetty and approach tramway, 2,000 linear feet, at $15 per linear foot -- 30, 000. 00 Sidings, turnouts, etc________ 3, 000. 00 Rock in place, 61,500 tons, at $2 per ton__ __ 123, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies____ 31, 850. 00 265, 100. 00 South jetty construction- Plant, including fuel scows, locomotives, dump cars, derricks, hoisting engines, etc______ 70, 000. 00 Receiving wharf to complete-____________-_ 17, 600. 00 Dredging slip to wharf_____________________ 8, 000. 00 Buildings, shops, water supply to complete__ 10, 000. 00 Open excavation through Coos Head, 35,000 cubic yards, at $1 per cubic yard -------- 35, 000. 00 Double track tramway approach, 3,200 linear feet, at $10 per linear foot ______________ 32, 000. 00 Sidings and turnouts 6, 000. 00 6__________________ Engineering and contingencies- - - 30, 000. 00 208, 600. 00 Rock handling plant (used for both north and south jetties) - Transfer wharf (vicinity of North Bend, Oreg.) ----------------------------------- 46, 000. 00 Floating plant, (including rock scows and rental of towboats) ___ 78, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies------------- 12, 400. 00 136, 400. 00 Total for new work__ ------------- 759, 000. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1697 Maintenance: Operation of dredge Col. P. S. Michie, 8 months, at $11,000 per month---------------------- $88, 000. 00 Care of dredge Michie, 4 months, at $3,500 per month _____ __--------------- 14, 000. 00 Repairs to dredge Michie_______________________ 15, 000. 00 Restoration of 22-foot bay channel, about 180,000 cubic yards, by hired dredge or use of Govern- ment plant_------------------------------ 30, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies__________________ 12, 000. 00 Total foi maintenance ___ $159, 000. 00 Total for new work and maintenance______________--- 880, 534. 10 Outstanding liabilities of fiscal year 1923--------------------48, 900. 00 929, 434. 10 The available funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. The amount that can be profitably expended, and an outline of the work to be done during the fiscal year 1925, is as follows: New work: North jetty restoration- 3,750 linear feet jetty tramway, at $15 per linear -__------------ foot_ ---------- --- $56, 250 150,000 tons of rock in place, at $2.10, per ton 315, 000 ------ Engineering and contingencies __________-----_ 37, 750 $409, 000 South jetty construction- 2,000 linear feet jetty tramway, at $15 per linear foot--. ----- __- ------ 30, 000 120,000 tons of rock in place, at $2.10 per ton------- 252, 000 Engineering and contingencies___ _____ __ ____ 41, 000 323, 000 Rock handling plant (used for both jetties)- Floating plant, rock scows--___--- __-__--16,-__-___ 000 Engineering and contingencies--------------------- 2, 000 18, 000 750, 000 Maintenance: Operation of dredge Col. P. S. Michie, 8 months, at $11,000 per month------------------------- 88, 000 Care of dredge Michie, 4 months, at $3,500 per month-.. 14, 000 Repairs to Michie-------------------------------- 15, 000 Dredging, 22-foot channel, about 180,000 cubic yards, by hired dredge or Government plant __---___---30, 000 Total for maintenance ----------------------------------- 159, 000 Total for new work and maintenance----------------------909, 000 Comrnmercial statistics.-The principal exports are lumber products, coal, fish, and dairy products, while the imports consist of agricul- tural implements, mill machinery, and miscellaneous merchandise. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons Value. Passengers. 1918........... 323, 369 $5, 889,783 655 1921.......... 273,206 $4,729,349 732 1919 ........... 282,591 7,910,779 2,292 1922.......... 533,202 12,131,723 1,059 1920........... . 378,587 10, 823,340 1,828 The increase in commerce of 1922 is due to the increased coast- 'wise shipments of lumber. The first shipments of lumber (4,949 1698 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 19P23. tons, valued at $59,388) from Coos Bay to foreign ports were made during the year 1921. The commerce of 1922 includes 36,928 tons of lumber, valued at $632,946, shipped direct to foreign ports. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $85,470.41: New work --------------------------------------- $1, 547, 389. 39 Maintenance -------------------------------------- 1, 003, 343. 27 Net total expended------------------------------ 2, 550, 732. 66 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------3, 480, 166. 76 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 . .. . . ... Expended for new work 2 $4, 077.70 $109, 982.78 $11, 654. 11 $34, 959. 22 $75, 389. 29 Expended for maintenance 2..... 100, 652. 18 123, 089. 31 153, 543.80 109, 251.26 152, 495. 77 . . . . . . . . .. Total expended 2 104, 729. 88 233, 072.09 165,197. 91 144, 210. 48 227, 885. 06 Appropriated or allotted......... 285, 000. 00 125, 000. 00 219, 000. 00 160, 000. 00 900, 000. 00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended 243, 403. 54 $-------------------------- Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923------------------------------------900, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923--------------- 13, 915. 62 1, 157, 319. 16 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: 2 For new work--------------------------- $75, 389. 29 For maintenance--------------------------152, 405. 77 227, 885. 06 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------ ---- ----------- 929, 434. 10 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ------------------------- 48, 900. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available----------------------------- 880, 534. 10 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---------------------------------- 2, 620, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work--------------------------------7------ 350. 000. 00 For maintenance __-------------------------------------- 159, 000. 00 Total------------------------------------------- 909, 000. 00 3. COOS RIVER, OREG. (A3.) Location and description.--The Coos River rises in the Coast Range in southern Oregon, flows about 60 miles in a general westerly direction, and empties into Coos Bay nearly opposite Marshfield, Oreg. It has a drainage area of about 420 square miles. The low- 1 In addition to this amount, $11,100 was contributed by local interests and expended on this work. 2 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. *Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1699 water discharge is approximately 200 second-feet. The high-water discharge is not known. From the mouth to the fork, 51 miles, the river is from 400 to 700 feet between banks. The tidal reach extends up the north and south forks about 9 miles, or 14 miles from the mouth. Both forks are from 100 to 200 feet in width between banks. Above the tidal reach the forks are swift mountain streams, ob- structed by snags and bowlders. (See U. S. Geological Survey Coos Bay quadrangle.) Original condition.-The mouth was obstructed by a mud bar, on which the controlling depth was about 4 feet at mean lower low water, and the river from the mouth to the fork had a controlling depth at low tide of 6 feet. This stretch was obstructed by but few snags. The north and south forks were navigable at high water for light-draft boats to the head of tide, 8z and 9 miles, respectively, with a ruling depth at low tide of 3 feet for about 7 miles. Along the upper 2 miles the ruling depth at low tide was about 1 foot, with many snags and rocks. The total navigable length was 23 miles. Logging was carried on along the upper reaches. Previous projects.None. Existing project.-This provides for the removal of snags and bowlders from a channel 50 feet wide from the mouth of the river to the head of navigation on both forks by Government plant to be borrowed from Coos Bay at such times as it can be spared. The section under improvement includes the month and 5 miles of the main river and about 8 miles of each fork. The plane of reference is mean lower low water. The mean of the higher high waters above the plane of reference and the extreme tidal ranges under ordinary conditions at the mouth of the river are 6 and 10 feet. respectively, and there is a range of about 1 foot at the head of navigation in the forks. Freshets usually reach a height of from 10 to 15 feet. The estimate of cost for- new work revised in 1898 is $8,000. The latest (1923) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $3,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896 (H. Doc. No. 237, 53d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest pub- lished map is in this document. Recom mended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are several small wharves and numer- ous small landing places on the river where small steamers and launches land. There are no railroads near the river. The exist- ing terminal facilities are believed to be sufficient for the present needs of navigation. (For a full description see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-There is no railroad serving the locality. The river furnishes the only means of transportation for the farmers to reach the markets. to whom the improvement has been of great benefit, enabling them to materially increase shipments of products. Navigation has been made much easier and safer. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work consisted of the completion of the restoration of the channels of the north and south forks of the river which was in progress at the beginning of the year. This work was done by a 1i cubic yard bucket dredge 1700 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. hired by the hour and was finished in June, 1923. The total ex- penditure for the year was $1,146.07, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project was completed in 1899. The controlling depth with a zero gauge is about 4 feet in a channel 50 feet wide from the mouth to the head of navigation on both forks, a distance of about 23 miles. During August and Sep- tember the river is at its lowest stage. The expenditures under the existing project have been $36,701.41, of which $8,000 was for new work and $28,701.41 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended to the maintenance of the existing channels, as follows: Maintenance : Operation of Government plant or hired dredge, 21 months, at ___ $1,400 per month ---- -__-_____ -___ _ $3, 500. 00 Superintendence and contingencies_ - _ __ 698. 59 Payment of outstanding liabilities, July 1, 1923- - - 2, 100. 00 Total _------------------ 6, 298. 59 The available funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 ($3,000), will be applied to maintenance, as follows: Operation of Government plant or hired dredge, 2 months, at $1,400 per month_______------------------- $2,800. 00 Superintendence and contingencies----------------- 200. 00 Total _ -_ _ _ __ _ 3, 000. 00 Commercial statistics.-The exports consist principally of logs, lumber, and dairy products, while the imports are agricultural im- plements, mill machinery and supplies, and general merchandise. The draft of the deepest boats on the river does not exceed 4 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918............ 23.414 $1,864,504 20,946 1921....13,021 $1,680,514 31,307 1919........... 10, 458 2,300,431 29,207 1922......... 17, 744 1,898, 944 37, 45 1920........... 9,928 12, 461,166 25,462 1 Does not include 6,049tons of logs (towed), valued at $66,539. 2 Does not include 10,921 tons of logs (towed), valued at $81,907. 3Does not include 22,096 tons of logs (towed), valued at $73,580. The decrease in the commerce since 1917 is due to the decreased amount of logging on the stream on account of the partial suspension of sawmill operations on Coos Bay due to the scarcity of ocean car- riers. Logging, which formerly represented about 80 per cent of the commerce of the stream, was practically suspended in 1919. The increase since 1919 was due to resumption of logging operations on the stream. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ------------- $--------------- - $8, 000. 00 Maintenance_------ ------- 28, 701. 41 Net total expended--------- ------------- 36, 701. 41 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 43. 000. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1701 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work......... .............................. . ............ Expended for maintenance ...... $25.80 $3, 324. 69 $994.00 $2,360.00 $1, 146.07 Appropriated or allotted........ 3, 000. 00 ............. 3, 000. 00 3,000. 00 3,000. 00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ------------- $4, 444. 66 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 19231111_111111111_ ----------- 3, 000. 00 7, 444. 66 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance__ 1, 146. 07 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------- 6, 298. 5 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities_____________________________ 2, 100. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available-----------------------------------4, 198. 59 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance---------------------------------------- 3,000. 00 4. SIUSLAW RIVER, OREG. (A4.) Location and description.-The Siuslaw River rises in the Coast Range, flows about 110 miles in a westerly direction, and empties into the Pacific Ocean through a low, shifting sand beach about 160 miles south of the mouth of the Columbia River and 485 miles north of San Francisco Bay, Calif. It has a drainage area of about 780 square miles, and a low-water discharge of approximately 400 second- feet. The maximum discharge is not known. The tidal reach ex- tends to Mapleton, 19 miles from the mouth. The width is from 800 to 1,000 feet from the mouth to the north fork, a distance of 6 miles and 200 to 500 feet from the north fork to Mapleton. Above the tidal reach the river is a rapid mountain stream obstructed by reefs and bowlders. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5802.) Original condition.-The bar channel frequently changed its posi- tion up and down the coast as much as 1 mile, and the depth on the bar varied from 5 to 12 feet at mean lower low tide, and vessels drawing over 9 feet could not cross the bar except at unusually high tide. The river channel was from 100 to 1,000 feet wide and from 3 to 9 feet deep at low water from the mouth to Mapleton, 19 miles from the ocean. Logging was carried on along the upper reaches during favorable stages. Previous projects.-The original project was adapted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890, and modified in 1891. The amount expended thereunder, prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1910, was $162,312.10, of which $151,700.83 was for new work and $10,611.27 for maintenance. For further details of pre- vious project see page 1988 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a bar channel 8 feet deep at mean lower low tide, and two mean high-tide rubblestone jetties, 750 feet apart at their extremities, the north jetty to extend westerly along the edge of the north spit for a distance of 3,700 feet, and the 1Exclusive of available funds. 1702 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. south jetty to extend westerly across the south spit for a distance of about 4,200 feet. The mean of the higher high waters above the plane of reference and the extreme tidal ranges at the mouth of the river, under ordi- nary conditions, are 6.9 feet and about 10 feet, respectively. Floods rise to 20 feet above low water. The tidal influence extends about 19 miles up the river to the foot of Mapleton Rapids. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1914, is $651,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of September 19, 1890, provided for the original work on the jetties (Annual Report for 1891, p. 3174) ; and the act of June 25, 1910, provided for their extension (H. Doc. No. 648, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 173, Sixty-fifth Congress, first session. Recom inended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, adopted the project on condition that half of the cost should be borne by local inter. sts. This act was amended by the river and harbor act of February 27, 1911, which provided that the port might proceed with the construction of the south jetty to the full extent of the contract entered into by it December 24, 1909, the amount of one-half required to be furnished by the port or other agency to be reduced by such amount, not exc eding $100,000, as may have been properly expend d under the contract. Under these conditions the port built 2,940 feet of tramway and placed 65,500 tons of rock in the jetty, at a cost of $89,509.11. Operations were suspended June 18, 1911, on account of the exhaustion of funds. The port of Siuslaw furnished a bond to insure its contribution toward the cost of the work in August, 1911, and the work was taken over by the Govern- ment. The total contribution by the port of Siuslaw under their bond was $215,500 (including the $100,000 credited for useful work performed) for original work on the jetties. In 1914 it was esti- mated that $225,000 additional would be required to complete the project, making the total estimated cost of new work $651,000. From the finds appropriated by the river and harbor act of March 4. 1915, an allotment of $112,500 was made on April 2, 1915, for the completion of the project, with the provision that the port contribute an equal amount. The port of Siuslaw furnished a bond for this sum, and the allotment of $112,500 became available June 7, 1915. On July 23, 1908, the port of Siuslaw was granted permission to improve the mouth of the river by the construction of as much of the south jetty as could be done by the expenditure of $100,000 in conformity with plans and report of Capt. W. C. Langfitt, Corps of Engineers, dated February 5, 1903. The work performed under this permission was the construction of the 2.940 feet of trarpway and the depositing of 65,500 tons of rock in the jetty, at a cost of $89,509.11, which was accepted by the United States as useful work. Terminal facilities.-Florence,a town of 400, about 4 miles from the entrance, has about 1,000 feet of wharf frontage, of which about 60 feet is a public wharf and the remainder is privately owned. Of the privately owned, about 500 feet is open to all. At Glenada, RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1703 across the river from Florence, there is one wharf publicly owned. It has a frontage of 60 feet, and is free to all. Acme, a small town about 7 miles from the entrance, has 700 feet of wharf frontage, of which 70 feet is open to all, free of charge. The Southern Pacific Railroad crosses the river above Acme and has a spur to the wharf below the bridge. This is the only connec- tion between rail and water on the river. There is no railroad on the river below Acme. Mapleton, at the head of navigation, 19 miles above the entrance, has two small wharves, one of which is open to all. It is believed that the existing terminal facilities are sufficient for the present commerce. (For a full description see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work accomplished has rendered transportation by water safer and less costly by permitting vessels of greater draft to enter the river. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was in prog- ress during the year, as all work in connection with the project was finished in 1917. The exp nditures for the year were for surveys, etc., amounting to $125.89, applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1917. The outer ends of the enrockment of both jetties have subsided to low-tide level for a distance of about 200 feet. A survey made in June, 1923, shows a controlling depth on the ocean bar (about 1,000 feet to seaward from the ends of the jetties) of about 11 feet in a channel 400 feet wide. The controlling depth be- tween the jetties is 10 feet in a channel 400 feet wide, close to the north jetty. The conditions are somewhat better than they were at the end of the last fiscal year. The controlling depth on the bar is 2 fe et greater than existed prior to the construction of the jetties, but the general depth on the oc an bar has decreased about 6 feet during the past year, indicating that the south spit outside of the south jetty is moving in a northly direction toward the north jetty which projects about 600 feet beyond the south jetty. The total amounts expended under the existing project were as follows: United States Contributed Total. funds. funds. New work................................................... $321,946.59 $322,531.59 $644,478.18 Maintenance ....................................... ..... .... $28,360. 47 .............. 28, 360.47 Total ................... ...................... 350, 307.06 322, 531.59 672, 838.65 Proposed operations.-The project was completed in 1917. The balance unexpended is sufficient for the care and disposition of the Government plant, surveys, etc., and no ap.propriation of additional funds is therefore required. . Commercial statistics.-The exports consist principally of lumber and farm and dairy products, while the imports are agricultural im- plements, mill machinery, supplies, and general merchandise. The maximum draft of sea-going vessels when carrying lumber is 14 feet. 1704 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Comparative statement. BAR ONLY. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918........... (1) (1) (1) . ... 1921........ 2,283 $45,696 None. 1919.......... (1) (1) (1) 1922.......... 10,590 356, 298 None. 1920 .......... (1) (1) (1) 1 No record. The decrease in commerce from 1915 to 1920 was due to the con- struction of the railroad from Portland to Coos Bay and to the sus- pension of sawmill operations on the river, because of the scarcity of lumber carriers for ocean commerce and depressed lumber market. The commerce for 1921 is due to the resumption of coastwise ship- ments of lumber, and consists principally of three shipments of lum- ber by gasoline carriers. The increased of commerce for 1922 is due to increased coastwise shipments of lumber. In addition to the coast- wise commerce, there is a small local commerce on the river, between the railroad crossing at Cushman and Florence, 4 miles below. There are extensive forests of fir, hemlock, and spruce tributary to the port, with sawmills having a daily capacity of 150,000 feet b.m. of lumber. Salmon canning and dairying are next in importance after lumbering. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3,019.10: New work --------- - $473, 647. 42 Maintenance ---------------- 38, 971. 74 Net total expended---------------------------------- 512, 619. 16 Total appropriations to date of this report 513, 662. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended fornew work..................... ...................................... Expended for maintenance 2.....I $326.11 $767. 36 $117.63 $87.91 $125. 89 .......... Appropriated oralloted ................. ........................... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended --------------------- $1, 168. 73 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 125. 89 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended 1,042. 84 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities_ -- 150. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available__---- --------- 892. 84 5. YAQUINA RIVER, OREG. (A5.) Location and description.--The Yaquina River rises in the Coast Range, flows about 50 miles in a westerly direction, and empties into Yaquina Bay, a harbor on the Oregon coast about 115 miles south SIn addition, there was expended $322,531.59 from funds contributed by local interests, including credit for useful work performed. Not deducting receipts Sfrom sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1705 of the mouth of Columbia River and 530 miles north of San Fran- cisco Bay, Calif. It has a drainage area of 270 square miles and a low-water discharge of about 100 second-feet, which usually occurs in August. The maximum discharge is not known and usually occurs during the winter months, with freshets about 15 feet above low water. The width between banks is 2,000 feet at the mouth to 160 feet at Elk City, 18 miles above the mouth. The tidal reach extends 5 miles above Elk City, above which point the river is but a small mountain stream. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5802.) Original! ondition.-The depth on the shoals below Elk City did not exceed 2 feet at lower low tide in a channel with a minimum width of 50 feet, and vessels drawing more than 6 feet could not safely navigate up to that town. The head of navigation was about 4 miles above Elk City, or 22 miles from the mouth. There was no logging or rafting on the stream above Elk City. Previous projects.-None. Existing proect.-This provides for two controlling half-tide dikes of piling, brush, and stone, each about 1,100 feet long, con- structed by local interests, and a channel 10 feet deep at mean lower low water and 150 feet wide in straight reaches and 200 feet wide on curves from Oysterville, 3 miles above the mouth of the river, to Toledo on Depot Slough, about 61 miles above Oysterville. The mean of the higher high waters above the plane of reference and the extreme tidal ranges under ordinary conditions at the mouth of the river are 8.1 feet and about 11.5 feet, respectively, and about 5 feet and 8 feet, respectively, at Elk City, 18 miles above the mouth. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1911, is $72,000. The latest (1911) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,500. The existing' project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 519, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in that document. Recommrn nended nodification. of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 4, 1913, required local interests to contribute 60 per cent of the first cost of this project either in cash or useful work performed prior to actual construction work by the United States, and that the floating plant belonging to the port of Toledo remain available for use by the United States on work of construction and maintenance without cost to the United States other than for upkeep while in use. This con- dition has not been fulfilled, as the local interests disposed of their floating plant, which consisted of a rather small bucket dredge, in poor condition. This plant was, however, found to be too small for effective work in constructing the project channel, and the U. S. dredge Oregon was used for the main construction work and the port's dredge was used for the rock excavation. Previous to the adoption of the project the citizens organized themselves into a port district under the States law, and in 1911 realized $50,000 by the sale of bonds. With these funds the improvement of the river from the bar to Toledo was commenced under permit from the Secretary of War dated August 6, 1910. The port constructed two dikes, built a bucket dredge, and excavated a narrow channel 9 feet deep at low 1706 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGI1NEERPS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. tide from a point in Depot Slough to a point just below Altree's mill, a distance of 3,300 feet, at a total cost of $37,430.57. This work, which was accepted, was in accord with the project, and with $5,- 769.43 turned over to the United States constituted the 60 per cent required by the act of 1913. In addition to the foregoing the port of Toledo contributed $3,000 toward the maintenance of the channel. Terminal facilities.-Yaquina, at the mouth of the river, has one wharf. This wharf is owned by the Corvallis & Eastern Railroad and has a frontage of 350 feet. The railroad terminates at this wharf, and transfer between rail and water is made at this point. Except for a special arrangement made with a small steamer operating in connection with the railroad, this wharf is open to all on equal terms. The port of Toledo maintains a public wharf, fronting 255 feet on Depot Slough, and the town of Toledo a public wharf with 100 feet frontage. There are no wharves on the river above Toledo and no physical connection between the railroad and the river above Yaquina. The existing terminals are believed to be sufficient for the present needs of commerce. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improemrnent.-The work accomplished has resulted in increased water-borne commerce, as ocean-going vessels drawing as much as 14 feet can now ascend to Toledo, 9? miles from the mouth. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-No work was in progress other than the removal of a few snags. The expenditures for the year were $99.69 applied to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was coin- pleted December 31, 1914. The channel was restored to project dimensions in April, 1919. The controlling depth between the mouth and Toledo, 91 miles, is 10 feet in a channel about 150 feet wide. Above Toledo to the head of navigation, 22 miles above the mouth, the controlling depth is about 2 feet in a channel about 100 feet wide. The total amount expended under the existing project was as follows : United Contributed Total. States funds. funds. New work ............... ................................. $28, 800.00 $43,200.00 $72,000.00 Maintenance ................................................ i 14,000.00 3,000.00 17,000.00 Total ................... ............................ ! 42, 800.00 46,200. 00 89,000. 00 Proposed operations.-None. The project was completed in 1914, and the channel was restored to its project dimensions in April, 1919. No maintenance is proposed for the fiscal year 1924 and it is not believed any will be required in 1925. Commercial statistics. The principal exports are lumber, farm and dairy products, live stock, and salmon. The imports consist of agricultural implements, mill machinery, and miscellaneous mer- chandise. The maximum draft of seagoing vessels which carry lum- ber is about 14 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1707 Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918............ 50,017 $1,345157 48,792 19212........ 9,896 $1,111,752 29,928 1919.............. 6,766 724, 459 10, 500 19223 ........ 14, 374 1,409,729 30,130 1920 .......... 5,636 1,270, 268 32, 066 1 Exclusive of logs towed 16,500 tons; value, $181,500, and 128,039 tons rock used in jetty construction valued at $268,881. 2 Exclusive of logs towed 47,190 tons; value, $125,661, and 63,711 tons rock for jetty construction, valued at $92,062. 3 Exclusive of logs towed 37,952 tons; value, $130,284, and 90,807 tons rock for jetty construction, val- ued at $130,762. The decrease in commerce since 1918 was due to the suspension of the activities of the Spruce Production Corporation. The increase of commerce for the year 1922 is due to a general in- crease of local water-borne commerce. There were no coastwise ship- ments. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting re- ceipts from sales, etc., amounting to $49.27: New work------------------------------------------------- $28, 800 Maintenance- --- ----------------------- - 214, 000 Net total expended-----------------------------------------42, 800 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------------- 42, 800 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work................ ...--..................... Expended for maintenance 44 $9,858. $1,278. 28 6.72 ......... $99. 69 Appropriated or allotted..$8, . ... ,000.00....... .................................. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ---------------------------------- $99. 69 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ - 99. 69 6. YAQUINA BAY AND HARBOR, OREG. (AG.) Location and description.-Yaquina Bay is an indentation in the Pacific coast about 115 miles south of the Columbia River and 530 miles north of San Francisco Bay, Calif. It is about 3 miles long and somewhat over a mile in width at its widest place, and has a tidal area of about 5 square miles. About 4 miles from the ocean bar it is entered by the Yaquina River, its principal tributary, a small stream navigable for about 18 miles above the bay. The tidal influ- ence extends up the Yaquina River about 23 miles. The bay has a mean discharge of about 40,000 second-feet, mostly tidal. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5802.) Originalcondition.-The prevailing depth over the bar at the en- trance varied from 7 to 8 feet at low tide and three distinct channels existed. Owing to the shifting nature of the bar these channels were 'Not including $43,200 contributed by local interests. 'Not including $3,000 contributed by port of Toledo. 2Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1708 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. constantly changing, both in position and depth, and could be used only by small coasting vessels. The channels were always narrow, uncertain, and usually covered with breakers. The head of naviga- tion was about 4 miles above Elk City, 26 miles from the bar. Previous projects.-The river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, provided for the improvement of the entrance, but no formal project was adopted by Congress prior to 1896. The original project con- templated a south jetty only, but, as modified in 1892, the project provided for two high-tide jetties at the entrance, their sea ends to be 1,000 feet apart, the south jetty to have a length of 3,600 feet and the north jetty 2,300 feet. The modified project was completed in 1895. The act of June 3, 1896, adopted a project for the extension of the jetties, but no work was done. The river and harbor act of June 6, 1900, provided for the removal of a cluster of rocks in the entrance, which work was completed in 1903. The act of March 3, 1905, repealed the previous acts relating to Yaquina Bay, but pro- vided for two years' maintenance. On July 1, 1907, the unexpended balances of appropriations, $1,661.04, reverted to the Treasury. The total expenditure prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1919 was $713,338.96, of which $707,313.45 was for new work and $6,025.51 for maintenance. For further details of previous proj- ects see the Annual Report for 1893, part 4, page 3314, and House Documents Nos. 68, Fifty-fourth Congress, first session; 110, Fifty- sixth Congress, first session; and 109, Sixty-fifth Congress, first session. Existing project.-This provides for two high-tide rubblestone jetties at the entrance, 1,000 feet apart at the end of the north jetty. The north jetty to be 3,700 feet in length and the south jetty 5,800 feet in length, and project seaward about 800 feet beyond the end of the north jetty; a spur jetty based on the channel side of the south jetty 2,500 feet from its sea end, 800 feet in length, to deepen the channel across the inner bar between the jetties; the removal of sub- aqueous rock from the outer bar reef, to secure a depth of 20 feet at mean lower low water in the entrance; and for a channel 200 feet wide and 18 feet deep from the entrance to the railroad terminus at Yaquina, a distance of about 4 1 miles. The mean of the higher high waters above the plane of reference and the extreme tidal ranges at the entrance are 8 feet and about 11.5 feet, respectively, and about 5 and 8 feet, respectively, at Elk City, 18 miles above the mouth of the Yaquina River. The tidal influence extends about 5 miles above Elk City. The estimate for the cost of new work, revised in 1920, is $1,518,430, exclusive of the amount expended on previous projects. The latest (1919) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000 every two years to maintain 18 feet in the bay channel. No provision was made for the maintenance of the jetties. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 14, 1880, provided for the improvement of the entrance; no project was adopted (See Annual Report for 1881, p. 2589); the act of June 6, 1900, provided for rock removal at entrance (H. Doc. No. 110, 56th Cong., 1st sess.) ; the act of March 3, 1905, repealed the previous acts relating to the improvement of the entrance, but provided for two years' maintenance; the act of March 2, 1919, provided for the restoration and extension of the jetties con- RIVERS AND HIARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1709 structed under previous projects, rock removal in the entrance, and dredging in the bay up to the railroad terminus at Yaquina (H. Doc. No. 109, 65th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, required that one-half of the cost of the new work adopted should be borne by local interests. These conditions have wholly been met. Under permit approved by the Secretary of War August 11, 1917, the ports entered into a contract to the extent of $405,351.50 to con- struct the extension of the south jetty in accordance with the existing project and have completed the jetty wharf, the pile driving the entire length of the extension to south jetty, placed 222,501 tons of stone in the jetty enrockment and excavated the 18-foot bay channel. The total expenditures by the ports in connection with the existing project at the end of the fiscal year is $594,165, for which credit was given by the United States for useful work performed, and in addi- tion thereto the ports deposited to the credit of the district engineer the further sum of $165,050 to make up their one-half of the amended cost of the project, amounting to $1,518,430. The work was taken over by the United States on February 1, 1921, to complete the project. In addition to the above expenditures the local interest in 1888 contributed $1,000 to prevent shore erosion on south beach. Terminal facilities.-Newport, a town of 700, about 1 mile from the entrance, has about 600 feet of wharf frontage, of which about 140 feet is open to all on equal terms. Opposite Newport, on the south side of the bay, there is a small public wharf, free to all, used as a ferry landing. Between Newport and Yaquina there are two wharves on the south side of the bay which are used in connection with the construction of the south jetty and the logging railroad wharves, but are not used or adapted for general commerce. At Yaquina (the terminus of the Corvallis & Eastern Railroad) there is no public wharf, but the railroad maintains a wharf with a frontage of about 350 feet open to all on equal terms. The existing terminals are believed to be adequate for the present and prospective commerce of the near future. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work of improvement under the ex- isting project has not advanced far enough to have any effect on the channel nor in regard to matters relating to commerce. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Construction of the north jetty was continued throughout the year. The tramway was extended 870 feet and 110,959.56 tons of stone placed in the jetty en- rockment. The expenditures for the year were $218,659.54, of which $184,538 was for the purchase of stone and the balance for jetty tramway, placing stone, etc. The total expenditure on the north jetty extension since beginning operations under the existing project, in January, 1921, is $358,483.98, of which $310,165.84 was from United States funds and $48,318.14 contributed. No actual work has as yet been done in the subaqueous rock ex- cavation for a 20-foot depth in the entrance. It was the intention to defer this work until thecompleted jetties had scoured the sand overlying the reefs in the channel, but several high points of ledge 1710 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. rock have recently been uncovered by scour, one with only 10 feet and several with 13 feet at mean lower low water, so that preparation for their immediate removal was in progress at the end of the year. The expenditure for the year was $1,572.42. The total expenditure during the year, for all work under the exist- ing project, was $220,231.96, of which $204,341.89 was from United States funds and $15,890.07 from contributed funds, all for new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 80 per cent completed. Since completion in 1895, and before work on the modified existing project began, both the north and south jetties were considerably beaten down by winter storms. Both jetties were exposed to within 200 or 300 feet of their outer ends at extreme low water, the low water shore line having moved seaward nearly to the outer ends of the jetties. The result of the jetty construction under previous projects was a net gain of 5 or 6 feet of controlling depth in a more permanent channel across the bar. Prior to February 1, 1921, no work under the modified existing pro- ject adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, was done by the United States, but the local interests, represented by the ports of Newport and Toledo, completed the dredging of the 18-foot channel in the bay and constructed about 85 per cent of the south jetty, which was finished by the United States in September, 1921. The south jetty spur, constructed by the United States, was completed October 26, 1921. Construction of the north jetty was begun by the United States in January, 1921, and is about 75 per cent complete. No work has been done on the subaqueous rock excavation. A survey made in June, 1923, shows a controlling depth of 18 feet over a rocky shoal in a channel 250 feet wide along the south jetty. The controlling depth on the ocean bar is 13 feet in a channel 400 feet wide in a straight course over the bar, but there is a channel about 400 feet wide with a depth of 15 feet bearing to the south from the end of the south jetty. The depth on the ocean bar has decreased about one foot during the past year, but it is believed that with the completion of the north jetty the depth will be increased and main- tained, as the general depth on the ocean bar outside of the jetties has increased about three feet during the year. The total amount expended under the existing project is as follows: United States Contributed funds, funds. New work ........ ........................ ................. $440, 512. 15 $642, 483. 14 $1, 082,995.29 Maintenance....... ........................................... ............. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds to new work in the completion of the north jetty and to the re- moval of subaqueous rock in the entrance as follows: New work: North jetty- Stone, 98,900 tons at $1.54 per ton ________ $152, 306. 00 Placing rock, etc_ 50, 000. 00 $202, 306. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRIOT. 1711 New work-Continued. Subaqueous rock removal- Plant ---------------------- $15, 000. 00 Operation of plant by hired labor, 6 months, at $7,500 per month-------------------- 45, 000. 00 $60, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies, about 20 per cent----------------------12, 863. 71 $275, 169. 71 Balance of contributed funds to be reserved for applica- tion on subaqueous rock removal and adjustment with local interests on completion of project----------- - 65, 050. 00 340, 219. 71 Outstanding liabilities for fiscal year 1923_ _- __-_ 20, 000 00 360, 219. 71 Maintenance: None. The available funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. The amount that can be profitably expended, and an outline of the work to be done during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, are as follows: New work: Completion of subaqueous rock removal, operation of plant by hired labor, 8 months at $7,500-------------------------$60, 000 Engineering and contingencies- ---- 15, 215 75, 215 Maintenance, 18-foot channel: Operation of Government or hired dredging plant, 3 months at $5,000 - 15, 000 90.215 No maintenance work has been done on this part of the project since the channel was excavated in 1919. Commercial tatistics.-The exports consist principally of lumber and farm and dairy products, while the imports are agricultural im- plements, mill machinery, supplies, and general merchandise. Comparative statement. BAR ONLY. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918 1918--. ... ... ... .................. ......... . . i 5,226 ..----------------------------------------------------- $567,397 $567,397 1919.............. ............................................... ... 5,425 442,400 f 6,270 1,229,856 236 1920....--------....-----......--...........--............------------.........------------.....- .......... 6,838 1921.................................................. 1,123,621 ........... 1922.............................................................. . 6,655 560,707 None. 1 No record. In addition to the above there is a small local commerce on the bay. Financial summary. U. S. FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,889.06: New work --------------------------------------- $1, 147, 825. 60 Maintenance------------------------------------------ 6, 025.51 Net total expended--- ----------------- 1, 153, 851. 11 Total appropriations to date of this report --------------- , 397, 338. 96 61637-ENG 1923-- 108 1712 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1....... .............. ......... $65, 525.90 $170, 644.36 $204, 341.89 Expended for maintenance. ............................. ......................... Total expended ....................... ............ 65, 525.90 170, 644.36 204,341.89 Appropriated or allotted.........100, 000.00 ............. 145,000.00 300,000.00 139,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended----------------- ------ $308, 829. 74 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923------ --------------------------------- 139, 000. 00 447, 829. 74 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work__ 204, 341. 89 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--------------------------243,487. 85 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities--------------- $20, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts---- ------ ------------------------- 52, 280. 00 72, 280. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available-------------- ------------ 171, 207. 85 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------------------------- 2 75, 215. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work-----...------------------------ .... 275, 215. 00 For maintenance ------------------------------------ 215, 000. 00 Total --------------------------------------- 2 90, 215. 00 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work-- -------------------------- $642, 483. 14 Maintenance------------------- -- ---- Total contributions to date of this report -------- 7------------59, 215. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work....................... .......... ........ ........ $32,428.07 $15,890.07 Expended for maintenance............................... ... ....................... Contributed .................. .......... ............... $165,050.00 ......... ............. July 1. 1922, balance unexpended--------------------------- $132, 621. 93 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work__ 15, 890. 07 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended__---------------------------- 116, 731. 86 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts----------100, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available_ -------------- 16, 731. 86 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR YAQUINA BAY AND HARBOR, OREG. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,889.06: New work_------- - -------------------- $1, 790, 308. 74 Maintenance------------------------------------------ 6, 025. 51 Net total expended -- , 796, 334. 25 1--------------------------- Total appropriations and contributions to date of this report . 2,156, 553. 96 2'Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1713 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1... ....... $65, 525.90 $203, 072.43 $220,231.96 Expended for maintenance ...... .......... ......... .......................... ........ Appropriated, allotted, or con- tributed ....................... $100,000.00 .............. 310,050.00 300,000.00 139,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-------- ------------------- $441, 451. 67 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2. 1923 ------------------------------------------ 139, 000. 00 580, 451. 67 June 30. 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work__ 220, 231. 96 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_- _____-________ -_-_ 350, 219. 71 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities--- $20, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts- 152, 280. 00 172, 280. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available-------------------- ---- - 187, 939. 71 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---- -- -- 75, 251. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 : For new work -------------------------------------- 2 75, 215.00 For maintenance ------------------------------------ 15, 000.00 Total -------------------------------------------- 290, 215. 00 7. TILLAMOOK BAY AND BAR, OREG. (A7.) Locatiot and description.-Tillamook Bay is an indentation of the Oregon coast, about 50 miles south of the mouth of Columbia River and 595 miles north of San Francisco Bay, Calif. It is about 6 miles long and 3 miles wide and has a tidal area of about 13 square miles, the greater part of which at low tide presents a succes- sion of sand and mud flats traversed by three principal channels, which, although of fair depth near the entrance, gradually shoal toward the head of the bay. Five small rivers are tributary to the bay, viz, Miami, Kilchis, Wilson, Trask, and Tillamook. The com- bined low-water discharge of these tributaries is about 300 second- feet. The total drainage area of the bay is about 575 square miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5902.) Or-ginl colndition. The bay is connected with the ocean through a gorge about 750 feet wide at low tide, with a maximum depth of 60 feet. The controlling depth on the bar was 11 feet at mean lower low water in a channel about 300 feet wide, while the depth at ordinary high water in the channel between the entrance and Tillamii ook did not exceed 7 or 8 feet in a channel about 70 feet.wide. The head of navigation for steamers and other craft was Tillamook, on Hoquarten Slough, 12 miles from the entrance, but logging was carried on for a considerable distance on the tributaries. Previous projects.-These were adopted by the river and harbor acts of August 11, 1888, and July 13, 1892. The amount expended thereunder prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1913 was ' Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. Exclusive of available funds. 1714 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. $148,707.39, of which $77,208.92 was for new work and $71,498.47 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1989 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a jetty about 5,700 feet long on the north side of the entrance to the bay, a channel 16 feet deep at mean lower low water and 200 feet wide in straight stretches, but increased at the entrance and at curves from Kincheloe Point (about 1 mile from the entrance) to Bay City, a distance of about 34 miles. The mean of the higher high waters above the plane of reference and the extreme tidal ranges at the entrance under ordinary condi- tions are 7.9 feet and about 11 feet, respectively, and at Tillamook City, 12 miles from the entrance, are about 6 feet and 10 feet, re- spectively. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1910, is $814,000, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1910) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. No provision was made for maintaining the jetty. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor acts of July 25, 1912, and March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No. 349, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) ; and the act of July 27, 1916, appropriated $5,000 for main- taining the channel between Bay City and Tillamook City, but no special report covers this item. The act of March 2, 1919, authorized the abandonment of that portion of the project above Bay City (H. Doc. No. 730, 65th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1916, page 3202. Recommended 1iodiflcations of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, as modified by the act of March 4, 1913, required local interests to pay one-half the total estimated cost of the improvement ($814,000) be- low Bay City and to create and maintain an effective channel 9 feet deep at mean high tide between Bay City and Tillamook. The neces- sary guaranties have been furnished and were approved by the Secre- tary of War August 4, 1913. At the close of the fiscal year 1918 the expenditure of funds contributed by local interests, consisting of the ports of Bay City and Tillamook, amounted to $407,721.40, of which $402,271.40 was expended by the United States for jetty construc tion and dredging on the present project and $5,450 for creating and maintaining the channel between Bay City and Tillamook. The north jetty was completed in 1917. The sum of approximately $16,917.91 was previously expended for maintaining the inner chan- nels by dredging. 'The act of March 2, 1919, modified the existing project to the extent of abandoning that portion of the project above Bay City and the cancellation of the bond and agreement covering the maintenance of the 9-foot channel between Bay City and Tillamcok. The port of Bay City entered into a contract with the Tacoma Dredging Co. to excavate a basin and channel 16 feet deep at low water at the mouth of the Miami River, under department permit dated August 5, 1919. The work involved the excavation of about 1,000,000 cubic yards. The channel will be connected with the deep- water channel at the entrance. Dredging operations were begun August 14, 1920. By the 23d of August, 1921, 1,017,932 cubic yards of material had been dredged, at a total cost of $248,253.09, which completed the work. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1715 Terminal facilities.-There are no publicly owned wharves on the bay. Tillamook. the principal town on the bay, 12 miles from the entrance, has aboult 1,000 feet of wharves fronting on Hoquarten Slough, all privately owned. About 230 feet of this frontage is open to all on equal terms. The remainder of the wharf frontage is used principally by the owners, and a spur track from the Southern Pa- cific Railroad parallels the slough at the shore ends of the wharves. The existing terminal facilities are believed to be sufficient for the present commerce. (For a full description see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of imnprovement.-The work of improvement has made transportation by water safer, easier, and better. Vessels drawing 9 feet have no difficulty at mean high tide in reaching Tillamook, 12 miles from the entrance. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The United States bucket dredge No. 1 was operated by the United States for one and one-half months during the year, restoring the upper end of the 16- foot project channel so that small vessels could reach the wharf at Bay City. The dredge removed 10,852 cubic yards of sand at a field cost of $848.90, or 7.82 cents per cubic yard. Surveys were made and Government plant and buildings were repaired. The total expendi- ture for the year was $4,250.05, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is completed. The jetty was completed in October, 1917, and the 16-foot channel from the entrance in August, 1917. The act of March 2, 1919, aban- doned that portion of the existing project relating to the channel from Bay City to Tillamook, so that the only remaining feature of the existing project is the maintenance of the 16-foot channel from the entrance to Bay City. The outer end of the jetty enrockment for about 1,000 feet inshore has subsided to below low-water plane, and for the next 1,000 feet the top of the enrockment is between low and high tide level. The remainder of the enrockment is above high-tide level to the shore end of the jetty. A survey of the entrance made at the close of the fiscal year shows a controlling depth of 16 feet in a straight channel about 600 feet wide over the crest of the ocean bar about 1,400 feet outside of the sea end of the jetty and 17 feet in a channel 250 feet wide. The channel conditions are about the same as they were last year, but there has been a general shoaling of the ocean bar dur- ing the year. From the ocean bar to the bay there is a channel about 400 feet wide along the jetty, with depths from 21 to 40 feet. Sound- ings taken in the channel to Bay City at the close of the year show that the 16-foot project channel has shoaled generally to a depth of from 7 to 12 feet, with a minimum depth of 1 foot on a shoal crossing the channel at its lower entrance and 7 feet at its upper end. There is, however, a channel around the lower shoal with a controlling depth of 7 feet connecting with the 16-foot project channel above the shoal. The channel connecting the 16-foot channel with the Bay City wharf has been recently dredged to give 6 feet depth at mean lower low water. Light-draft boats can also reach the Bay City wharf in a channel with a depth of 62 feet from the entrance along the east shore of the bay. 1716 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The total expenditures under the existing project have been as follows : United States Contributed Total. funds. funds. New work ............................................... $391, 536. 25 $398,832.70 $790, 368.95 Maintenance .................. ...................... 20, 466. 97 5,450. 00 25,916. 97 Total... ............................. 412,003.22 404,282.70 816,285.92 Proposed operations.-The project was completed in 1917. It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds to the maintenance of the project channel from the entrance to Bay City, as follows: New work: None. Maintenance: Operation of Government bucket dredge, 31 months, at $1,250._. $4, 375. 00 Engineering and contingencies -- 1------------------------ 114. 25 Outstanding liabilities for fiscal year 1923- ------- 800. 00 6, 289. 25 The available funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. The amount that can be profitably expended and an outline of the work to be done during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, is as follows: New work: None. Maintenance: Operation of Government bucket dredge, 3 months, at $1,250-..... $3, 750 Engineering and contingencies ------------------- ---------- 1, 250 5,000 Commercial statistics.-The principal exports are farm and dairy products. The imports are agricultural implements, machinery, and miscellaneous merchandise. The usual draft of vessels handling the commerce of the bay is about 9 feet. Comparative statement. BAR ONLY. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918......... (1) (1) (1) 1921......... None. None. None. 1919.......... 180 $29,300 (1) 1922........ None. None. None. 1920......... 119 38,420 (1) 1 No record. The decrease in the commerce since 1915 is due to the railroad from Portland to Tillamook, which now carries all of the incoming freight, and to the suspension of the regular boat service between Portland and Tillamook. There is a local commerce on the bay which consists mostly of logs towed for local sawmills, amounting to 50,000 tons in 1922. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1717 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $29,233.49: New work------------------------------------------ 1 $468,745. 17 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 91, 965. 44 Net total expended 5-------------------------- 710. 61 Total appropriations to date of this report__-------------------- 566, 999. 86 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 - Expended for new work 3.. $1,477.86 $3,917.05.................. Expended for maintenance 3..... 4, 025.67 5, 331.07 $8, 689. 50 $6, 854.76 $4, 250.05 . . .. .. . . . Total expended 3 .. 5,503.53 9,248.12 8,689.50 6,854.76 4,250.05 Appropriated or allotted ........ ............. ..................................... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended --------------------------- $7, 689. 58 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923----------------2, 849. 72 10, 539. 30 June 30, - -1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nance 4, 250. 05 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ---------------------------- 6, 289. 25 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities----------------- ----- 800. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available ---------------------- -- 5, 489. 25 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30. 1925, for mainte.iance_---------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 8. NEHALEM BAY, OREG. (A8.) Location and description.-Nehalem Bay is an indentation of the Oregon coast about 45 miles south of the mouth of Columbia River and 600 miles north of San Francisco Bay, Calif. It is the estuary of Nehalem River, has a length of about 41 miles, and is from one- third to 1 mile wide, and has a tidal area of 51 square miles. Ne- halem River has a drainage area of 860 square miles and a low-water discharge of about 400 second-feet. The high-water discharge is not known, but freshets of 20 feet are not unusual during the winter months. The tidal reach extends to a point about 10 miles from the' entrance. Above this point the river is a mountain stream ob- structed by bowlders. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5902.) Original condition.-The entrance channel at low water leading from the ocean to Nehalem Bay was 400 to 600 feet in width. It was subject to great changes in position and direction as well as in depth. It shifted at intervals throughout a distance of more than a mile along the beach and varied in direction from southwest to 1 Does not include $398,832.70 contributed by local interests and expended on work. 2 Does not include $5,450 contributed by local interests and expended on work. 3Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. * Exclusive of available funds. 1718 REPORT' OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. north of west, with reported controlling depths on the bar of 6 feet at mean lower low water, and was available for ofily small coastwise vessels. Previous project.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 19, 1890. The amount expended there- under was for an examination and a survey, and amounted to $685.68. For further details of previous projects, see page 1991 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for two high-tide rubblestone jetties at the entrance to the bay, designed to, secure a permanent depth of at least 8 feet at mean lower low water. The south jetty is to be 2,565 feet long in extension of the one 2,385 feet long con- structed by the port of Nehalem, the inner 1,300 feet to be 10 feet wide on the top and 30 feet high, and the outer 1,450 feet, 15 feet wide on the top and 32 feet high. The north jetty is to be 3,850 feet long and based on the north spit, the inner 1,700 feet to be 10 feet wide on the top and 30 feet high and the outer 600 feet to be 15 feet wide on the top and 32 feet high. The jetties are to be slightly con- verging, with their outer ends 700 feet apart and about on the 6-foot contour. The mean of the higher high waters above the plane of reference and the extreme tidal ranges at the entrance under ordinary condi- tions are 7.4 feet and 11 feet, respectively. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1912, is $632,350, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects. No provision was made for maintenance. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 623, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see page 3206, Annual Report for 1916. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, re- quired that local interests pay one-half the cost of the improvement, receiving credit for work already accomplished. These conditions have been met in full, and the port of Nehaleni was given credit for $82,000, expended in the construction of 2,385 feet of the south jetty under a project approved by the Secretary of War on March 31, 1910, which project was later adopted by law. The project was completed in 1918. The contributed funds expended by the United States on the project were $222,825.61, in addition to the $82,000 expended previously by the port. In addition to the foregoing work, the port of Nehalem operated a Government bucket dredge under permit from the Secretary of War from May 10 to July 23, 1914, dredging and snagging the upper bay between Wheeler and Nehalem, for which there is no project. The expenditure reported for this work was $2,050. Terminal facilities.-Brighton, one-half mile above the entrance, on the left bank, has 400 feet of privately owned wharf frontage owned by the mill companies. Wheeler, on the left bank, 4 miles above the entrance, has 700 feet of wharf frontage, of which 50 feet ispublicly owned. Nehalem, on the right bank, about 7 miles above the entrance, has 280 feet of privately owned wharves, but 80 feet of this frontage has always been free to all. The Southern Pacific Railroad passes through Wheeler and Brighton, but there is no physical connection between the railroad and the river. Nehalem has no railroad. The existing terminals are believed to be sufficient RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. " 1719 for the present commerce. (For a full description see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has fixed the channel across the bar, has greatly increased its depth, and has made naviga- tion better, safer, and easier. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was in prog- ress during the year, as all work in connection with the project was finished in 1918. The expenditures during the year were for sur- veys, etc., amounting to $56.87 from United States funds, for main- tenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is com- pleted. The south jetty was completed in 1915 and the north jetty in 1918. Both jetties are in good condition, but the outer ends of the enrockments for a distance of about 200 feet have subsided to low-tide level. A survey of the entrance made shortly after the close of the fiscal year shows a controlling depth between the jetties of 18 feet in a channel 100 feet wide at its narrowest point, but generally 200 feet wide, following close to the south jetty. The channel across the ocean bar (1,600 feet outside of the sea ends of the jetties) has a controlling depth of 11 feet in a width of 400 feet and 9 feet for a width of 1,000 feet. This is an increase of 4 feet in depth over the conditions of last year. The project depth is 8 feet. The total expenditure for the south jetty was $411,982.84 and for the north jetty $197,016.48. The amount expended under the exist- ing project was as follows: United States Contributed Total. funds. funds. New work..................... .................... $302,006.03 $304,825.61 $606,831.64 Maintenance.............................................. 227.94 ............ 227.94 Total .............. . .......................... 302,233.97 304,825.61 607,059.58 Proposed operations.-The project was completed in 1918. The unexpended balance of United States funds is sufficient for the care and disposition of Government plant, surveys, etc., and no additional funds are therefore required. Commercial statistics.-The principal exports are lumber and farm products. The imports are agricultural implements, machinery, and miscellaneous merchandise. The maximum draft of coastwise ves- sels which handle lumber is 12 feet. It is believed a large lumber industry will develop with improved ocean shipping facilities, as the country tributary to the bay and river is heavily timbered wi.th fir, spruce, and hemlock. Comparative statement. BAR ONLY. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918.......... (1) (1) (1) 1921......... 638 $28,456 (1) 1919........... (1 (1 (1) 1922.......... (1) (1 (1) 1920........... 3,085 $57,595 ........ 1No record. 1720- REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The commerce for the year 1920 is due to the resumption of ocean shipping, which waA suspend d for a number of years. Practically all of the hunber manufactured on the bay was shipped out by rail until 1920. The decrease in comnunerce for the year 1921 is due to decreased coastwise shipments of lumber. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3,345.97: New work - - $302, 691. 71 Maintenance ------------------------------------------- 227. 94 Net total expended - 302, 919. 65 Total appropriations to date of this report - ------ 305, 860. 68 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 2.....2 . . . . . . $1,. . .360.36 . .. . . $3,731.97 ... . . . . . $5, . . .306.08 . .. .. . .. . .. Expended for maintenance 2 . .. . .......... $171.07 $56. 87 Appropriated or allotted........ ................................................ July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ---------------------------- $2, 997. 90 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 56. 87 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended______________________________ 2, 941. 03 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $138,432.07: New work __________________________----_ $4, 469, 020. 86 Maintenance _________________-___---__ 1, 264, 631. 25 Net total expended _______--- -------------- __ _ 5, 733, 652. 11 Total appropriations to date of this report- ____6______6-- __ 6, 951, 120. 96 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 2....... 2 $22, 242.92 $120,512.63 $111,442.46 $214, 929.80 $283, 350.74 Expended for maintenance .... 119, 016.02 141,826.08 171,964.13 121,975.84 160, 372.35 . . . . . .. . . Total expended . 141,258.94 22,338.71 283,406.59 336,905.64 443,723.09 Appropriated or allotted......... 460,000.00 125,000.00 367,000.00 453,000.00 1,042,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended -__--- - -- - _________-$601, 614. 68 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923-------------1,--------------------- 042, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923______________ 17, 577. 26 1, 661, 191. 94 1In addition, there was expended $304,825.61 from. funds contributed by local interests, including credit for useful work performed. 2 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1721 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 For new work --------------------------- $283, 350. 74 For maintenance------------ -------------- 160, 372. 35 $443, 723. 09 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------- 1, 217,468. 85 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities---------------$73, 450. 00 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts- 52, 280. 00 125, 730. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available---------------------------- 1, 091, 738. 85 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-----------------------------------' 2, 695, 215. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work -------------------------------------- 825, 215. 00 For maintenance ------------------------------------ 200, 000. 00 Total-------------------------------------- '1, 025, 215. 00 9. UMPQUA RIVER, OREG. Location and description.-The Umpqua River is the largest stream emptying into the Pacific Ocean between the Sacramento and Columbia Rivers. It . is formed by the junction of the north and south forks, which take their rise in the Cascade and Calapooia Mountains about 120 miles east of the Oregon coast line, and flows in a general northwesterly direction, finally emptying into the ocean about 180 miles south of the Columbia River and 465 miles notth of San Francisco Bay, Calif. It has a drainage area of about 4,000 square miles, subject to mod- erately heavy rainfall, and in the winter and spring months freshets of considerable volume occur. It has a low-water discharge of ap- proximately 1,000 second-feet and the maximum discharge is ap- proximately 155,000 second-feet. The tidal reach extends practically undiminished from its mouth at the ocean to Scottsburg, a distance of about 25 miles. Above the tidal reach the river is a rapid mountain stream, with small falls and rapids. The principal tributary in the tidal portion is Smith River, which joins it about 10 miles above its mouth. Between Scottsburg and the mouth of Smith River the Umpqua River varies in width from 500 feet to one-half mile and in depth from 2 to 20 feet at low tide. Below the mouth of Smith River to the ocean the Umpqua widens out into an elongated bay or tidal estuary, varying in width from three-eighths to 1 miles, with a least depth of 9 feet in the chan- nels at low tide. The estuary contains a few marshy islands in its upper part and the area of mud flat exposed at low tide is quite ex- tensive. Boats drawing 14 feet loaded can navigate to a point about 6 miles above Reedsport, or 16 miles from its mouth, and a small steamer drawing about 21 feet makes dairy trips to Scottsburg. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 5802.) Originalcondition. The estuary of the river is connected with the ocean through a. gorge about 900 feet wide between the low-water 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1722 REPORT OF CHIKF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. lines, and widens to about one-half mile between shore lines at high water. On the south side of the entrance gorge the shore line is a rocky reef and on the northwest side of the entrance there is an ex- tensive lov sand flat, bare at low tide, with generally one or two shoal passages through it. The sea entrance is obstructed by the usual bar of gray sand, the crest of which lies to the southwest of the gorge about one-half mile from the general low-tide beach line. In August, 1903, the least depth in the bar channel was 9 feet at mean lower low water. The depth in the bar channel varied from 16 to 7 feet, but seldom less than 13 feet. Between the entrance and Gardner, the head of navigation for seagoing craft, 10 miles from the bar, the controlling depth was 9 feet at mean lower low water. Above Gardner the river was used principally as a highway between the terminus of the wagon road at Scottsburg and the wagon roads from points near the mouth of the river leading to Coos Bay on the south and Siuslaw River on the'north. Previous projects.-The act of March 3, 1871, appropriated $22,500 for the improvement of the Umpqua River. The project for im- provement provided for the removal of obstructions to high-water navigation from Scottsburg to Roseburg. In 1886 the project was modified to include the river below Scottsburg to the mouth. The work consisted mostly of the removal of rocky reefs in the channel below Scottsbu rg. The total amount expended under previous projects was $39;242.29, all for new work. Existing project.--This provides for a jetty on the north side of the entrance 7,500 feet in length westerly from the high-water line to the sea end. The mean of the higher high water above the plane of reference and the extreme tidal ranges at the mouth of the river under ordinary conditions are 6.7 feet and about 10 feet, respectively, and about the same at Scottsburg, the head of tide, 25 miles above the entrance. Floods rise to a height of about 20 feet in the river at Scottsburg. The estimated cost of new work, revised in 1923, is $1,330,000, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1923) approved estimate for annual maintenance is $30,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. No. 913, 65th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation. The river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, provides that one-half of the cost shall be borne by local in- terests. In pursuance of a permit issued by the Secretary of War June 22, 1916, the port of Umpqua representing local interests, has constructed the receiving wharf, tramway approach, and 3,390 feet of jetty tramway, and completed the jetty enrockment for that dis- tance. The total amount expended by the port in conformity to the adopted project is $173,500 for which credit has been given by the United States for useful work performed. In addition, the port on July 9, 1923, deposited to the credit of the district engineer the fur- ther sum of $103,000, making a total of $276,500 contributed by local interests which is one-half the original estimated cost of the work. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1723 Terminal facilities.-At Gardiner there is approximately 1,100 feet of wharf frontage, of which 60 feet is publicly owned. At Reeds- port there are eight wharves, approximately 1,450 feet frontage, all privately owned. There is no public wharf at Reedsport, but there is about 2,200 feet of publicly owned water frontage. The only mechanical appliances for handling freight in the port is a hoist at Reedsport. All wharves are open to the public on equal terms, the usual charges being $2.50 for dockage, 25 cents for wharfage, and 50 cents per ton per month for storage. There is no physical con- nection between the water and railroad that crosses the river at R eedsport. Effect of improrement.-The work of improvement under the ex- isting project has not advanced far enough to have any effect on the channel nor in regard to matters relating to commerce. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No active operations were carried on by the United States, waiting for local interests to guarantee one-half the estimated cost of the project. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 30 per cent completed. No work has been done by the United States on the existing project, but the local interests, under permit from the Secretary of War dated June 22, 1916, constructed the north jetty receiving wharf, 1,000 feet of tramway approach, 3,390 feet of jetty tramway, and placed 130,466 tons of stone in the jetty enrockment, completing the work in 1919. The receiving wharf and tramway approach are in fair condi- tion. About 1,000 feet of the tramway has been carried away, and the sea end of the enrockment has subsided for some distance. A survey finished June 22, 1923, shows a controlling depth of 14 feet in a channel 400 feet wide across the ocean bar, about 3,000 feet outside of the present end of the jetty, and 14 feet in a channel 400 feet wide near the end of the jetty. No survey was made of the bay channel, but it is reported that a depth of 9 feet at mean lower low water can be carried to Reedsport, 11 miles above the entrance. Proposed operations.-As the conditions for cooperation by local interests have now been complied with, it is proposed to apply the unexpended United States, funds toward the construction of the north jetty, as follows, work to be done by hired labor and purchase of materials: New work : Repairs to north jetty receiving wharf, tramways, sidings, etc___ $15, 000 Plant for jetty construction 20, 000 New double track tramway 10, 000 Stone for enrockment - 142, 000 Superintendence and contingencies 28, 000 Total -------------------- ---- -------- 215, 000 Maintenance : None. It is expected that these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. The amount that can be profitably expended, and an outline of the work to be done, during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, is 1724 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMlY, 1923. as follows, all work to 'be done by hired labor and purchase of materials: New work : Jetty tramway 8, 000 $------------ Stone for jetty enrockment__------------------------------142, 500 Engineering and contingencies___--- -- ___________ 14, 000 Total _-------------------------------- --- 164, 500 Deposited to credit of United States by local interests______________ 103, 000 Balance for United States - 61, 500 Maintenance: None. Commercial statistics.-The exports consist principally of lumber and farm products; the imports, general merchandise, machinery, and agricultural implements. Comparative statement. Bar Only. ~ e- Calendar year. Short tons. Vy a 1921........................................................................... 3,456 $41,472 1922....... ................................................................ 20,419 349,982 No statistics available for the years 1917-1920. No passengers. In addition to the above there is a small local commerce on the river above Reedsport, consisting mostly of logs towed for local saw- mills. In 1922 this amounted to 36,463 tons, of which 34,000 tons consisted of logs. Financial summary. UNITED STATES FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work----------------------- ------------------- $39, 242. 29 Maintenance-__________________ Total appropriations to date of this report $254, 242. 29 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work..................... ........... ............. Expended for maintenance.... ... ...... ............................ ... .............. Appropriated or allotted.................... ........ 215,000 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923----- ------------------------- $215, 000 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-- --------------------------- 215, 000 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project - --- - -------- $450, 000 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work6-------------------------- --- 1, 500 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1725 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work Maintenance Total contributions to date of this report----------------------- $103, 000 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work......... .......................... I........:....... Expended for maintenance................ .............................. ........... Contributed................................... ................ .... ........... $103,000.00 Amount contributed by local interests, July 9, 1923-------------$103, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOI U:IPQUA RIVER, OREG. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ----------------------------------------- 2 $39,242. 29 Maintenance ------------- Total appropriations and contributions to date of this report ------- 357, 242. 29 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........ ...... ............ . ......... ........ Expended for maintenance.... ............. .......... .............. ............ Appropriated, allotted, or con- tributed.................... .... ................. .......... ........... $318,000 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923-- --------------------------------------- $215, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---- ------------------- 215, 000. 00 Amount contributed by local interests, July 9, 1923_-__________ 103, 000. 00 Balance available --------------------------------------- 318, 000. 00 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -------------------- --------------------- 3 450, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work_________________ ______________ 61, 500. 00 CASCADES AND DALLES-CELILO CANALS, OREG., COLUMBIA RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES ABOVE CELILO FALLS TO THE MOUTH OF SNAKE RIVER, OREG. AND) WASH.; AND SNAKE RIVER, OREG., WASH. AND IDAHO. (GROUP B.) 10. CASCADES CANAL, COLUMBIA RIVER, OREG. (B1.) Location and description.-This improvement embraces about 4. miles of the Columbia River where it passes through the Cascade Mountains and is contracted into a narrow gorge with steep slopes and swift current. For general description of the river see report on " Columbia River above Celilo Falls to the mouth of Snake Local interests have expended $173,500 for useful work on the project. In addition, local interests have expended $173,500 for useful work on the project). Exclusive of available funds. 1726 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. River." The river at this place has a fall of 24 feet in the upper half mile, and at a point about 1 mile below the upper pool there is a fall of 6 feet in a distance of 1,500 feet, or a fall of about 16 feet per mile. The total fall from the head of the main rapids to the foot of the lower rapids (4 miles) is about 37 feet at low water, and at high water the total fall is about 40 feet. Velocities as high as 15 miles per hour have been observed during the freshet season in June. The river at this point has a low-water flow of approxi- mately 50,000 second-feet, which occurs during the winter months, and does not generally exceed 30 days in duration. The maximum high-water flow is estimated at 1,400,000 second-feet, and usually occurs in June. The average width between banks in this stretch is about 600 feet. The lower end of the rapids is at the head of tide- water, 141 miles from the Pacific Ocean. (See U. S. Geological Sur- vey, Mount Hood quadrangle.) Original condition.--X fall of 24 feet at low water in the upper 2,500 feet of the gorge created a turbulent rapid which effectually barred navigation. The current in the lower 4 miles of the gorge was swift and the channel was unsafe, owing to obstructing ledges and bowlders. There was a least depth of about 5 feet in main channel of the lower rapids. The foot of the lower rapids was the head of navigation, and freight was transferred around the obstruc- tions, first by teams and later by a steam railroad, until the comple- tion of the canal. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a canal with one lock around the upper Cascades Rapids and open-river improvement below the canal. The section of river under improvement is about 4 miles in length, and its lower end is about 141 miles from the mouth of the river. The canal has a length of 3,000 feet and a clear width be- tween side walls of 90 feet. The lock is located at the lower end of the canal and has two chambers in flight, with detailed information as follows: D)imensions of lock. Dimensions. Lift. Available depth, Greatest lower Lock. Foundation. available Clear At low At high miter sill, eng for width. water. water. water. width. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. Lower chamber............. .. Rock................. 469 90 24 0 8 Upper chamber ............... ..... do............ 462 90 0 18 8 There are no dams on the canal. The lower chamber only is used up to a 13-foot stage (upper pool), after which the upper chamber alone is used up to a 42-foot stage lower gauge, when the canal is " drowned out." The ordinary summer freshets reach a stage of 42 feet at the foot of the canal and 30 feet at the upper entrance. The highest freshet of record (1894) reached a height of 60 feet at the lower entrance and 50 feet at the upper entrance. Freshets occur during the winter RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1727 months, due to rains, and reach a stage of 15 feet at the lower gauge, but do not interfere with the navigation of the canal. Ice condi- tions, which often close the river to navigation, occur usually in January or February. The tidal influence extends up to Bonne- ville, the lower end of the improvement, 141 miles from the mouth of the river. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1894, including $413,360 for second lock and protective works, is $3,856,763. The cost of operation and care of the lock and canal is paid from the per- manent indefinite appropriation for operating and care of canals, etc. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of August 14, 1876, provided for the construc- tion of a canal around the Cascades of the Columbia, in the State of Oregon, and the act of July 13, 1892, provided for contracts to complete the project (Annual Report for 1875, p. 789); the act of June 3, 1896, provided for the second lock and protective works (Annual Report for 1895, p. 3571); and the act of June 13, 1902, provided for the removal of obstructive rock in the rapids below the canal. For last published map see Senate Executive Document No. 26, Fifty-third Congress, third session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-None. The inhabitants of the town of Cas- cade Locks use the upper lock walls as a boat landing. Below the canal, to the lower end of the improvement, there is no business along the river banks and no terminal facilities are needed. Effect of i2mprovement.-This section of river was unnavigable at any stage. Boats passing through this canal and the Dalles-Celilo Canal (opened to navigation May 5, 1915), can now ascend to Priest Rapids, on the Columbia River, and to Pittsburgh Landing, on the Snake River, 397 and 540 miles, respectively, above the mouth of the Columbia River. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-No field operations were in progress during the year and no expenditures were made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 99.7 per cent completed. The canal construction work was completed in 1914. The controlling depth in the canal is 8 feet at low water. The open river work in the rapids below the canal is practically completed and there is now a least depth of 7 feet over the highest points of reefs in the rapids, in a channel 250 feet wide, at extreme low water. At low water the velocity of current is about 10 miles per hour and velocities as high as 15 miles per hour have been observed during high water. On account of the swift water only powerful steamers can ascend to the canal at high water, and at a 40-foot stage (lower entrance) nearly all of the steamboats suspend operations. At a 42-foot stage the river level at the upper entrance is as high as the top of the intermediate lock gates, and the canal is closed to naviga- tion at stages above 42 feet on the lower gauge. Detailed informa- tion concerning the canal is given under Existing project. The total expenditure was $3,903,780.30, all for new work. Proposed operations.-No work is proposed during the next fiscal year. No funds are available. As the project in its present condition 61637-ENG 1923----109 1728 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. is sufficient for the needs of the existing navigation, no additional funds are required. Commercial statistics.-See report on operating and care of Cas- cade Canal. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $13,715.89: New work --------------------------------------- $3, 903, 780. 30 Maintenance - New work----------_ ------------------ ---- $3, 903, 780. 30 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ $187. 40 ..................................... ....... Expended for maintenance............... ........... . ................................. Appropriated or allotted........................:............ 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended----- ------------ $703. 96 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923------------------ 18. 50 722. 46 Deduction on account of amount transferred to Snake River-------- 722. 46 11. THE DALLES-CELILO CANAL, OREG. AND WASH. (B2.) Location and description.-This improvement embraces about 12 miles of the Columbia River between the Dalles and Celilo, Oreg. For general description see report on " Columbia River above Celilo Falls to the mouth of Snake River." (See U. S. Geological Survey map of Oregon.) Original condition.-Between the foot of The Dalles Rapids and the head of Celilo Falls, a distance of 9 miles, there was a total fall of 81 feet at extreme low water and 60 feet at high water, and this portion of the stream was not navigable at any stage: The head of navigation was at The Dalles, 190 miles from the ocean, and freight was first transferred by teams and later by rail from The Dalles to the head of Celilo Falls until completion of the canal. Previous projects.-The first project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894. The amount expended, $47,112.83, was for examinations and surveys. The existing project began in 1904. For further details of previous project see page 1993 of An- nual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for open-river improvement from the foot of Threemile Rapids to the foot of The Dalles Rapids, and a continuous canal on the Oregon shore from the foot of The Dalles or Fivemile Rapids to the head of Celilo Falls, the canal to have a depth of 8 feet, width of 65 feet at the bottom, and length of 81 miles, with five locks, as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLANI), OREG., DISTRICT. 1729 Detailed information of loclks. Dimensions. Lift. l Avail- Miles Great- able n from When lower Lock. Foundation. est depth com- Cost. t e. length Clear avail-f width. Low High osill. pleted. lo trance. able water. water. full width. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. 0 Tandem Locks 1.... Rock.......... 265 45.0 70. 0 22.0 7.0 1915 $477, 600 1.6 Five-mile Lock..........do........ 265 45.0 12.0 15.0 7.0 1915 246, 700 5. 2 Ten-mile Lock 2......... do.......... 265 50. 0 ....... 7.5 7.0 1915 149, 600 8.1 Celilo Lock 2....... ..... do........ 265 45.0 ......... 6.5 7.0 1915 103. 200 1 Two chambers in flight. 2 Not used at low water. There are no dams in the canal. The lower end of the canal is about 4 miles and the lower end of the Threemile Rapids about 11 miles above The Dalles, Oreg. The normal river freshets at the lower end of the canal reach a stage of 45 feet and the highest flood 70 feet above low water. At the upper end of the canal the normal freshets are about 18 feet and the maximum rise 33 feet. The canal was designed to operate to a stage of 18 feet at the upper pool and is then " drowned out " until the river recedes to a stage of 18 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1908, is $4,845,000, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects. The cost of operation and care of the canal arid locks is paid from the permanent indefinite appropriation for operating and care of canals, etc. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905 (Annual Report 1904, p. 3475). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1915, page 3380. Recommended modifications of projects.-None. Local cooperation.-The project was approved by the Secretary of War November 6, 1903, with a proviso that " no work shall be begun until the right of way and release from damages have been con- veyed to the United States free of cost." At the close of the year 1905 the title to right of way had been vested in the United States by deeds from the State of Oregon. This constitutes the only local cooperation. l'erminal facilities.-There are no terminal facilities on this stretch of river, 9 miles. The little commerce carried on can be loaded from the canal banks and lock walls directly into the boats. Effect of the improvement.-This section of the river was unnavi- gable at any stage. The improvement has made continuous naviga- tion possible to points on the Columbia as far as the foot of Priest Rapids, and to Pittsburg Landing on the Snake River, 397 and 540 miles, respectively, from the mouth of the Columbia River. Operations and results during fiscal year.-During the year the United States 8-inch pipe-line dredge was engaged on the work of " sand control," removing 21,494 cubic yards from the canal and its embankments at a cost of $5,201.01, or 24 cents per cubic yard. This quantity is an accumulation of several years. The sand is allowed to 1730 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMNY, 1923. blow into the canal anl is then pumped to points beyond the canal embankments. Other work done during the year was minor work, collecting and shipping Government plant sold or transferred, and the watching and care of plant. The total expenditure for the year was $9,351.79, all applied to new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 99 per cent complete. Detailed information concerning the canal is given under Existing project. There is a controlling depth of 8 feet in the canal trunk and 7 feet on the lock sills at low water. The con- trolling depth in Threemile Rapids (about 1 mile below the canal) is now 10 feet in a channel 250 feet wide, and the only obstruction to navigation at this point now is the swift current at even moder- ately high stages of river. The work remaining to be done to com- plete the existing project is the deepening of the lower entrance of the canal to the project depth and some miscellaneous finishing work. The canal has withstood eight river freshets, three of which were above the normal height, since its completion, with only slight dam- age, and is in excellent condition. The total amount expended under the existing project was $4,672,041.79, all for new work. Proposed operations. It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended, $10,410.26, to such minor unfinished work of the project as may be found necessary, including payment of outstanding liabilities on July 1, 1923, and to the care and disposal of the Government con- struction plant. As the available funds are sufficient for this pur- pose, no additional funds are required. Commercial statistics.-See report on operating and care of The Dalles-Celilo Canal. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $101,330.85: New work -------------------------------------- $4, 719,154. 62 Maintenance -------- ---------------------------- ----------- Total appropriations to date of this report-----------------4, 729, 564. 88 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1..... $4, 279. 55 $4, 397.31 $5, 302.63 $11, 907. 20 $9, 351.79 maintenance.............._........... Expended for ................ ............. Appropriated or allotted........ ...................... ................................... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended -------------------------- $19, 151.94 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923------------------ 610. 11 19, 762.05 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work 1-- 9, 351. 79 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------------------- 10, 410. 26 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-----1----------------------, 500. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available-- ------------------- ---------- 8, 910. 26 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS--FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1731 12. COLUMBIA RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES ABOVE CELILO FALLS TO THE MOUTH OF SNAKE RIVER, OREG. AND WASH. B3.) Location and description.--The Columbia River rises in the south- eastern part of British Columbia, flows in a northwesterly direction for about 175 miles, thence in.a general southerly direction for about 250 miles until it reaches the international bounday, thence in a general southerly and westerly direction for about 442 miles to its confluence with the Snake River, thence in a general westerly direc tion for 324 miles between the States of Oregon and Washington until it empties into the Pacific Ocean. It has a total length of 1,200 miles. The river has an extreme low-water flow of approxi- mately 50,000 second-feet above the Cascades Rapids, which occurs during the winter months and does not generally exceed 30 days in duration. The maximum high-water flow is estimated at 1,400,000 cubic feet per second, and usually occurs in June and is of short duration. From the international boundary to Priest Rapids, 342 miles, the river is a series of rapids and pools with some long stretches of navigable water. From the foot of Priest Rapids to Celilo Falls, 197 miles, the river has an average fall of 1.3 feet per mile with a fall of somewhat less than 0.9 foot per mile between rapids. Swift cur- rents are found at all rapids, and the swiftest current, between Celilo and Snake River, is about 10 miles per hour. The river has a total dainage area of 259,000 square miles. The average width of the river below Priest Rapids to Celilo Falls is about 2,000 feet. (See U. S. Geological Survey map of Washington.) Original condition.-The controlling depth between Celilo, Oreg., and the mouth of Snake River was about 3 feet in crooked channels abounding in rapids and shoals and obstructed by projecting ledges, isolated bowlders, etc. Before the construction of railroads in this section the Columibia River formed the main highway between the inland empire and tidewater, but navigation was practically sus- pended in 1882 upon the completion of the railroad which parallels the south bank of the river. The head of navigation for steamers and other craft operating on this stretch is Priest Rapids, 397 miles above the mouth of the river, but there are other navigable reaches above Priest Rapids. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 10, 1872, and modified in 1877, so as to include the improvement of Snake River. Under this project $120,000 was expended for new work prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1907. For further details of previous projects see page 1992 of Annual 1teport for 1915. Ea isting project.-This provides for removing obstructing bowl- ders and ledges and raking the gravel shoals in order to provide safe navigation of such channels as exist, the work to be done by opera- tion of Government plant. The section included in the project is 124 miles long. The lower end of the project is about 200 miles from the mouth of the river. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1906 is $400,000, exclusive of amount expended on previous projects, to be expended during a series of years. The summer freshets occur from May to August and the ordinary freshets reach a stage of 21 feet at Umatilla gauge. The highest flood (1894) reached a stage of 34 feet at Umatilla. Freshets due to rains 1732 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. usually occur in the early winter but rarely exceed a 9-foot stage. Ice conditions usually occur in January or February and often sus- pend navigation for several weeks. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (H. Doc., No. 440, 59th Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1906, page 1988. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions were imposed by law. The State of Washington in 1907 appropriated $25,000 for expenditure by the Federal Government on this improvement, and the money was expended in the construction of a drill scow and in removing rock ledges and raking gravel bars at Umatilla and Homly Rapids by using Government plant. Terminal facilities.-There are no wharves on this stretch of river, nor any large warehouses on the river banks. At Umatilla Landing there is a small warehouse (on tracks) that can be moved up and down the river bank according to the stage of river. There is a railroad on each bank of the river, but there is no physical connec- tion between the railroads and the river. The river commerce is handled by the boats' crews and unloaded on the river banks. The products of the country are produced at some distance from the river and are mostly shipped by rail directly from the inland points as the combined boat and rail rate plus the cost of transfer from rail to boat at points where the branch rail lines leave the river is greater than the all-rail rate. It is believed that the existing facilities are sufficient for the needs of the present commerce. (For a full description of terminals see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work done has rendered navigation much easier and safer and has increased the length of the low-water navigation season. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Owing to the limited navigation on this stretch of river and shortage of funds, no new work nor maintenance had been done for several years. The U. S. steamer Umatilla was put in commission in September, 1922, for work on Snake River. While waiting for a favorable stage of water, the Umatilla made some repairs to the wing dams at Homly Rapids, 6 miles below the mouth of the Snake, placing 970 tons of loose rock in wing dams Nos. 1 and 2 (at the head of the rapids). On November 8, 1922, she was transferred to Snake River. The total expenditure for the year was $9,742.67, including over- hauling of the Umatilla, repairs to wing dams, watching and care of Government floating plant, office expenses, etc., all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 96 per cent complete. The controlling depth over the shoals is 4 feet at adopted low water (low st 15-day period). The channels through all of the rapids are more than 100 feet wide, except through Homly Rapids, where for a short distance the channel is only 70 feet wide, with a 4-foot depth. The chann ls in the pools between the rapids are from 400 to 1,500 fe t wide. The maximum draft of boats does not usually exceed 4 feet, so that navigation is possible at the lowest stages. The work remaining to complete the projcet is the straightening of the most dangerous channels through the rapids. Although the work RIVERS AND HARBORS--FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1733 already done has greatly lessened the danger to navigation, consid- erable more work than contemplated by the existing project will, however, be necessary to give satisfactory channels through the rapids. The total amount expended uider the existing project was as follows: United States Contributed funds. funds. Total. New work......... ................................ $387, 510.90 $25, 000.00 $412, 510.90 Maintenance.................. ..................... 92,008.20 .. 00 92,008.20 Total ... ................ ................... .. 479, 519. 10 25, 000. 00 504, 519. 10 Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended bal- ance' during the fiscal year 1924, as follows: New work : None. Maintenance: Repairs to Government plant------------------------------- $4, 000.00 Engineering and contingencies------------------------- 2, 680. 90 Outstanding liabilites---------------------------------------- 300. 00 6, 980. 90 The available funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. The amount that can be profitably expended, and an outline of the work for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, is as follows: New work : None. Maintenance: Repairs to Government plant________----------------____________ $4, 000 Engineering and contingencies--------------------------------- 2,000 6, 000 Commercial statistics.-Onthe opening of The Dalles-Celilo Canal, May 5, 1915, a regular line of boats began through service from Port- land, Oreg., to Pasco, Wash., on the Columbia, and to Lewiston, Idaho, on the Snake River. This was the first boat service on the Columbia River above Celilo, Oreg., since the Open River Trans- portation Co. suspended operations October 31, 1912. The draft of the boats operating on this section of river does not exceed 4 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918, over river to Arlington ................................. 61 14,429 17 1919, over river to mouth of Snake............................. 386 176,684 37 1920, over river to mouth of Snake..................... .... 1, 111 223,604 132 1921, over river to mouth of Snake .................... I............. ................ 1922, over river to mouth of Snake......... .................. ........ A steamboat company operated on this section of river from June 26, 1918, with one boat making two round trips a week be- tween Portland and Arlington, 40 miles above Celilo, and suspended operations July 11, 1918, after making four round tirps. A new company with one boat made two round trips between Portland, Oreg., and Lewiston, Idaho, in June, 1919, and suspended opera- 1734 REPORT' OF CHIEF OF E'GINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. tions. This company was reorganized in 1920, and made five round trips between Portland and Lewiston during June and July, 1920, and again suspended operations. There was no local commerce between Celilo and the Snake. River since 1920. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $315.70: New work 510. 96 $----------------- Maintenance--- 9------_ 92, 008. 20 Net total expended___________----__----------__ 599, 519. 10 Total appropriations to date of this report _____-_____--__--- 606, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............................................................ Expended for maintenance 2 .. $2, 956.71 $. $10, 621.35 $7, 757. 50 $351.50 $9, 742.67 Appropriated or allotted.......................... ................. 12,500.00 3,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended -------------------------- $17, 723. 57 Amount alloted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923 ------------------------------------------- 13, 500. 00 31, 223. 57 Deduction on account revocation of allotment ($10,500) and amount transferred to Snake River ($4,000) ------------------------ 14, 500. 00 16, 723. 57 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 9, 742. 67 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended , 980. 90 6________________ July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities____________________________ 300. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available----------------------------------- 6, 680. 90 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance---- -- ------------------------- 6, 000. 00 13. SNAKE RIVER, OREG., WASH., AND IDAHO. (B4.) Location and description.-The Snake River is the largest tribu- tary of Columbia River, and rises in Yellowstone National Park, in the western part of Wyoming, flows in a generally westerly direction for about 1,000 miles, and empties into Columbia River near Pasco, Wash., 324 miles from the Pacific Ocean. It has a drainage area of 108,600 square miles, a low-water discharge of 14,000 second-feet, and a flood discharge of 289,000 second-feet. Between its mouth and Grande Ronde River (168 miles) it has a fall of about 3 feet per mile and a width between banks of from 800 to 1,000 feet. Above the Grande Ronde River it flows through a narrow canyon 100 to 300 feet in width, with slopes of 6 or more feet per mile. Freshets occur 1 In addition, $25,000 was contributed by local interests and expended on work. 2Not deducting receipts afromi sales, etc. aExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1735 in the spring, due to melting snow, and in the fall, due to rains. (See U. S: Geological Survey map of Oregon.) Original condition.-On account of narrow and crooked channels through rocky ledges, gravel shoals, and bowlders, the river was practically unnavigable at low water and navigation was limited to stages above 3 feet on the Lewiston gauge, which occurred during the spring months and gave a navigable depth of about 6 feet to Lewis- ton, Idaho, with a minimum channel width-of about 150 feet. Not- withstanding the difficulties of navigation, the river below Lewiston formed a portion of the natural highway to the Pacific coast until the construction of the railroad to Riparia, Wash., in 1882, when boats abandoned the river below Riparia, but continued to operate above Riparia in conjunction with the railroad. The head of navi- gation was at Lewiston, Idaho, 140 miles above the mouth, though occasional trips were made farther upstream during favorable stages. Previous projects.-No formal project for the improvement of Snake River was adopted by Congress prior to 1902. There was ex- pended previous to the adoption of the existing project in 1907, $168,500, of which $153,410.26 was for new work and $15,089.74 for maintenance. For further details of previous projects see page 1991 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for general open-rivers improve- ment by blasting rock reefs, dredging and raking gravel bars, and by construction of some contraction works between the mouth and Pittsburg Landing, Idaho, a distance of 216 miles, with a view to securing a depth of 5 feet at low water in the existing channels from the mouth to Riparia, and thence of the same depth and generally 60 feet wide to Lewiston. No increase of depth above Lewiston is contemplated. The river is subject to rises varying from 10 to 26 feet, commenc- ing in April and ending in July. The lowest stage occurs during July, August, and September. There is also a rise in the fall and winter months, varying from 4 to 10 feet, due to rains. Ice condi- tions usually occur during the winter months and often suspend navi- gation for several weeks. High winds are of frequent occurrence in the spring and fall of the year, but do not affect the river. The esti- mate of cost for new work, revised in 1910, is $236,690, exclusive of amounts expended on previous projects. The latest (1905) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for the sections from Riparia to Lewiston (H. Doc. No. 127, 56th Cong., 2d sess.), and Lewiston to Pittsburg Landing (see Annual Reports for 1903, p. 2246, and 1906, p. 1986); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the section from the mouth to Riparia (H. Doc. No. 411, 55th Cong. 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1906, page 1988. Recomimended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions were imposed by law. The Washington State Legislature in 1907 provided $85,000, which was expended by the Federal Government between Riparia, Wash., and the mouth for general open-river work in accordance with the 1736 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. adopted project. This appropriation was made as the result of a general disposition to revive river navigation and utilize the State Portage Railroad, which was built by the State of Oregon in 1905, around obstructions in the Columbia River between Celilo and Big Eddy, Oreg. Terminal facilities.-From the mouth to Riparia, 67 miles, there are no wharves or warehouses on the river banks. From Riparia to Leviston, 72 miles, there- are no wharves, but on the left bank there are seven wheat warehouses for storage of wheat to be transferred to the railroad on the right bank. There is no railroad on the left bank above Riparia, so that the wheat all has to be transferred by river steamers to the railroad on the right bank. Lewiston, a city of 7,000, 139 miles above the mouth, owns 4,000 feet of water frontage on the Snake River and has leased 250 feet to a warehouse company which operates a warehouse located on the bank of the river, but no part of the structure extends to the low-water line and the boats land on the beach. The freight is trucked into the warehouse by means of gangplanks. A railroad track parallels the warehouse, but there is no physical connection. Asotin, a town of 1,000, 6 miles above Lewiston, has three warehouses on the river bank, but no wharves. Above Asotin there are three wheat warehouses, the farthest 11 miles above. From the mouth of the river to Riparia, 67 miles, there is a railroad on each side of the river, but no connection with the river and there are no warehouses on the river bank on this stretch of the river. All of the wheat is hauled by rail. From Riparia to Lewis- ton, 72 miles, there is a railroad on the right bank, but no railroad on the left bank, and all of the wheat on the left bank has to be ferried across the river and is done mostly by railroad-owned boats. Above Lewiston there is ho railroad near the river for a distance of 120 miles. The existing facilities are believed to be sufficient for the present commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The work done has made navigation much easier and safer and has increased the length of the low-water navigation season. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Owing to the absence of navigation on the river below Riparia, Wash., and the limited navigation above this point, no new work nor maintenance work has been done for several years and complaint was made that the river above Riparia had shoaled to such an extent that the railroad grain transfer boats had difficulty in crossing the shoals at low water. The U. S. steamer Umatilla was transferred from the Columbia River in November, 1922, and made repairs to wing dams and scraped gravel bars on the river between Riparia and Asotin, Wash. This work was suspended by high water in April, 1923. During the year the Umatilla placed 2,087 tons of loose rock on the wing dam at Slaughter House Rapids, and 615 tons in the wing dam at Goose Island Rapids, 2 miles above and 34 miles below Lewiston, Idaho, respectively, and raked the gravel shoals at these places. Work was suspended by high water in April, 1923, and had not been resumed at the close of the year. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1737 The total expenditure for the year, including above work, care, and minor repairs to floating plant, etc., was $17,418.11, all for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 78 per cent complete. The controlling depth on the shoals between the mouth of the river and Riparia (68 miles) is 2 feet and occurs at one point only (Long Crossing Bar, 34 miles above the mouth); between Riparia and Lewiston (74 miles), 21 feet, at one point (Log Cabin Rapids), 108 miles above the mouth; above Lewiston, to Pitts- burg landing (77 miles) about 2 feet. The adopted low-water plane is the lowest 15-day period (minus 0.3 on Lewiston gauge). The channels below Lewiston are from 240 to 700 feet wide in the pools and from 60 to 150 feet wide through the rapids. Above Lewiston the channels are, at extreme low water, from 50 to 100 feet wide. From the mouth to Riparia, on account of the crooked channels through the rapids, commercial navigation has been limited to stages above 3 feet on Lewiston gauge, which permits a 4-foot draft. This gives a navigation season of about 150 days (from February to August). Extreme low water occurs from July to October. A second navigation stage usually occurs during the fall and winter months, but the commercial boats do not take advantage of a boat- ing stage during those months. Between Riparia and a point about 12 miles above Lewiston navigation is usually continuous, except during extreme low water, which, however, does not occur every year. Above the Grande Ronde River (29 miles above Lewiston) there is no navigation at very low stages, and during the past 12 years navigation above that point has been limited to launches and small boats. The work remaining to be done to complete the project is the widening and deepening of the existing channels to project dimensions, which contemplates a depth of 5 feet from the mouth to Lewiston. It is believed, however, this can not be obtained at all points by open-river methods of improvement. The total expendi- ture under the existing project was as follows: United States Contributed Total. funds. funds. New work ........... ......... ..................... $138, 250. 83 $85, 000. 00 $223, 250. 83 Maintenance ................................................ 151,548. 82 ........... 151, 548. 82 Total ................. ....... .................... 289, 799.65 85, 000.00 374, 799. 65 Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the balance unex- pended during the fiscal year 1924, as follows: New work : None. Maintenance : Operation of steamer Umatilla, 3 months, at $3,000 per month, in repair of regulating works and scraping gravel bars... $9, 000. 00 Removal of dangerous rocks, Lewiston to Pittsburg landing-- 1, 000. 00 Care of idle plant__------------------------------------- 2, 000. 00 Superintendence and contingencies- __----- ------------------- 1, 165.81 Outstanding liabilities---------____ __--------------- 200. 00 13, 365. 81 The available funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. 1738 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The amount that can be profitably expended, and an outline of the work for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, is as follows: New work : None. Maintenance: Operation of steamer Unatilla, repairing regulating works and scraping gravel bars, 3 months, at $3,000 per month--------$9, 000 Removal of dangerous rocks, Lewiston to Pittsburg landing------- 1, 000 Care and repair of idle plant --------------------------- 2, 000 Superintendence and contingencies ----------------------- 2,000 14. 000 Commercial statistics.-The commerce during the calendar year 1922 amounted to 21,555 short tons, consisting of grain, merchandise, etc., valued at approximately $1,035,650. There was no commerce below Riparia. Above Riparia 26,301 tons were handled by the rail- road-owned boats, and consisted principally of wheat and barley transferred from the left bank of the river between Riparia and a point about 17 miles above Lewiston, where there is no railroad, to the railroad on the right bank of the river below Lewiston; 1,043 tons consisted of miscellaneous small freight carried by gasoline boats operating to points above Lewiston. The usual draft on the river below Lewiston is 4 feet during high water and from 2l to 3 feet at low water. Launches operate to a point nearly 100 miles above Lewiston on a draft of 30 inches, with a 2-foot stage at Lewiston. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendaryear. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918........... 21,258 $1,650,713 954 1921........... 26,861 $1,232,040 1,009 1919........... 17,508 1,239,124 835 1922.......... 21,555 1,035,650 1,200 1920.............29,868 2,311,756 936 Owing to the suspension of all boat traffic above The Dalles, on the Columbia River, there was no commerce on the Snake River below Riparia since 1920. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $952.70: New work . .-- $291, 661. 09 2............. Maintenance--- --------------------------------- 166, 638.56 Net total expended ________________--__ _ 458, 299. 65 Total appropriations to date of this report-. 471, 665. 46 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 2........ .............. 4, 453.32...................... Expended for maintenance 2..... $2, 669.29 2, 608. 01 $4, 191.25 $559. 17 $17, 418. 11 Total expended ............. 2,669.29 7,061.33 4,191.25 559.17 17,418.11 Appropriated or allotted............. .. .I.............. 3,000. 00 10,oo000 17,722.46 1 In addition, $85,000 was contributed by local interests and expended on useful work. SNot deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1739 July 1, 1922, 'balance unexpended--------------------------- $13, 061. 46 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923--_ ----------------------------------------- 13, 000. 00 Amount transferred from Columbia River above Celilo Falls-------- 4, 000.00 Amount transferred from Cascades Canal-------------------- -- 722. 46 30, 783. 92 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 17, 418. 11 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--- ------------------------ 13, 365. 81 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-----------------------------200. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available------------------------------- 13, 165. 81 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ------------------ --------------------- 86, 800. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for mantenance-- --------------------------- 1 14, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP B. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $116,315.14: ----- New work _-_ $9, 422, 106. 91 Maintenance ----- ------ ------- 258, 646. 76 Net total expended 9, 680, 753. 67 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------9, 711, 510. 64 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work '2........ $4,466. 95 $3, 850. 63 $5,302.63 $11, 907.20 $9, 351. 79 Expended for maintenance 2..... 5,626.00 13,229.36 11,948. 75 1,910.67 27,160.78 Total expended 2.......... 10, 092.95 22, 079. 99 17, 251.38 13,817. 87 36, 512.57 Appropriated or allotted................... ............. 3,000.00 22,500.00 16,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-- ----------------------- $50, 640. 93 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923-------------------------------------------26, 500. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923------------------ 628. 61 77, 769. 54 Deduction on account of revocation of allotment----------------10, 500. 00 67, 269. 54 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work ------------------------------ $9, 351. 79 For maintenance ----------------------------- 27, 160. 78 36, 512. 57 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------------------------30, 756. 97 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ------------- 2, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available ------------------ 28, 756. 97 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project --------------------------------------- 86, 800. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance' -- ---------- . 120, 000. 00 SExclusive of available funds. 2 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1740 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923, 14. OPERATING AND CARE OF THE CASCADES CANAL. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Cascades Canal, Columbia River, Oreg., see page 1725 of this report, where general information re- garding the improvement can befound. The completed canal has been operated and maintained under permanent indefinite appro- priation since Novermber 5, 1896. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The canal was in com- mission throughout the year, except 12 days in December, due to heavy ice in the canal and river. The 1923 freshet reached a stage of 26.6 feet on June 15, not high enough to close the canal to naviga- tion, but owing to the strong current below the canal the only boat line operating through the canal suspended operations on June 12, 1923, and had not resumed at the close of the year. The June freshet of 1922 deposited considerable sand in the canal entrances and in October, 1922, the U. S. bucket dredge Cascades opened a channel through the shoals, removing 2,743 cubic yards of river deposit at a field cost of $649.17, or about 23 cents per cubic yard. In addi- tion to this, 1,244 cubic yards of river deposit were removed by hand from the lock walls at a cost of $627.11, including a wooden flume to convey the sand to the river below the canal. In addition to the usual operation and care, minor repairs were made to plant. The construction of two wooden scows for use in dredging opera- tions began in May, 1923, and was in progress at the close of the fiscal year. The total amount expended from indefinite appropriations on ac- count of operation, maintenance and repairs, construction of scows, etc., was $13,603.11. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The canal, though in operation since 1896, was not fully completed until 1914, and is in excellent condition. The canal is 3,000 feet long and has a clear width of 90 feet. There are two locks in flight, 90 feet wide, with an avail- able length of 462 feet each and 8 feet of water on miter sills. The lower lock chamber has a lift of 24 feet and can be operated to a 20-foot stage above extreme low water at lower entrance to canal. The upper lock chamber is available from a 20-foot stage to a 42- foot stage at the lower entrance. The total amount expended from the indefinite appropriation on account of operating, maintenance, repairs, etc., to the close of the fiscal year was $316,105.96. Proposed operations.-The canal will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appropriation pro- vided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-The commerce consists of wheat, flour, miscellaneous grains, and livestock, wool, country produce, lumber products, agricultural implements, mill machinery, and general mer- chandise. Comparative statemlent. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendaryear. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918...........25,733 $4,949,942 17,040 1921......... 5,424 $795,741 4,523 1919 ........... 20, 721 4,112, 110 8,602 1922 2......... 15, 518 1, 233, 850 8, 113 1920........... 16,557 3,946,615 8,544 1Does not include 200 tons floated logs, valued at $2,200. Does not include 268 tons floated logsl valued at $1,498. RIVERS AND HARBORS-FIRST PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1741 The canal was closed by ice from December 12 to 19, inclusive, 1922. The usual draft of boats through the canal does not exceed 44 feet. The decrease in commerce is due to the suspension of regular boat service to points above The Dalles and to the withdrawal of one boat line operating between Portland and The Dalles. There is now only .one boat line, operating one boat, as far as The Dalles. The decrease in passenger traffic is due principally to the with- drawal of passenger excursion boats between Portland and the Cas- cade Canal. The completion of the highways on both sides of the river has greatly reduced the local water-borne passenger and freight traffic. The highway on the left bank' of the river is now paved to a point 97 miles above Portland. Considerable. of the local passenger and package freight traffic between Portland and The Dalles is now handled by auto buses and auto trucks. 15. OPERATING AND CARE OF THE DALLES-CELIO CANAL. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for The Dalles-Celilo Canal, Oreg., and Wash. See page 1728, where general information regarding the improvement can be found. The completed canal has been oper- ated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since May 5, 1915. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The canal was in com- mission throughout the year except 11 days in December, when it was closed to navigation on acount of ice conditions. During the year there were 14 passages through the canal, passing through 65 tons of freight and 37 passengers. The only line of steamers to points above The Dalles suspended operations on July 14, 1919, and there has been no regular boat service since that date. The summer freshet of 1922 did not close the canal to navigation, but deposited considerable sand in the entrances. The U. S. dredge Celilo removed 10,907 cubic yards of river deposit at a field ,cost of $3,211.61, or 29 cents per cubic yard. The freshet of 1923 was below the normal flood stage, and did not suspend navigation. It is believed that the deposit of sand will be small. In addition to the usual care and operation, minor repairs were made to plant. The operating crew was also used in connection with the completion of construction work. The total amount expended from the indefinite appropriation, for * operation, maintenance, repairs, dredging, office expenses, etc., is $11,406.09. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The canal is in excellent condi- tion. Only minor repairs were necessary during the year and it is believed that the danger from leakage that threatened the canal embankments when the canal was opened to navigation has passed. The freshet of 1921, which was of unusual height, caused a small amount of damage to the canal embankment near the lower end of the canal. Repairs thereto were finished during the year. The canal is 8j miles long, 65 feet wide, and has a depth of 8 feet. It has 5 locks, with a total lift of 81 feet at extreme low water. Each 1742 REPORT' OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. chamber has an available length of 265 feet, a width of 45 feet, and 7 feet depth on miter sills. The lower end of the canal is about 4 miles above The Dalles, Oreg. The total expenditure from the indefinite appropriation was $153,004.33. Proposed operations.---The canal will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appCopriation pro- vided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909." Commercial statistics.-The commerce passing through the canal consists principally of general merchandise upstream and farm prod- ucts downstream. On the opening of the canal May 5, 1915, only one steamboat line used the canal, and had one and sometimes two boats in service, making a round trip to upriver points every five or six days, and suspended operations December 15, 1917. This line re- sumed operations on June 26, 1918, between Portland and Arlington, Oreg., 40 miles above the canal, and after making four round trips discontinued operations on July 11, 1918. A new transportation com- pany made two round trips between Portland and Lewiston in June. 1919, and suspended operations. This company was reorganized and resumed service to Lewiston on May 28, 1920, and suspended opera- tions July 14, 1920, after making five round trips between Portland and Lewiston. There has been no commerce on the river above The Dalles since the last-hamed date. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918.......... 61 $14,429 17 1921... 1919........... 463 197,353 37 1922.......... 127 $9,525 84 1920........... 1,204 247,307 132 Owing to the suspension of all boat service above The Dalles, Oreg., there was no commerce through the canal during the year. The usual draft of boats using the canal is 3j feet. The maximum draft is 4j feet. The decrease of commerce since 1917 is due to the suspension of regular boat service above The Dalles, Oreg. EXAMINATIONS AND, SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROVED MARCII 4, 1915, JULY 27 1916, AND SEPTEM1BER 22, 1922. The local engineer was charged with the duty of making prelimi- nary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor acts of March 4, 1915, July 27, 1916, and September 22, 1922, as fol- lows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Snake River, Wash. and Idaho, from the mouth to Asotin. 2. Columbia River, from The Dalles, Oreg., to Vancouver, Wash. 3. Washougal Slough, Wash. 4. Columbia River, from Celilo Falls, Oreg., to the mouth of Snake River; Snake River to Pittsburg Landing, Idaho, with a view to the construction of locks and dams for navigation; Clear- water River, from its mouth to Orofino, and in making such exami- nation and survey the engineer or (ngineers having same in charge RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND PORTLAND, OREG,, DISTRICT. 1743 shall take into account any proposition by local interests for partic- ipation in the expense of said project in connection with the devel- opment of hydroelectric power. 5. Umpqua River, Oreg. 6. Tillamook Bay and Entrance, Oreg. 7. T'illamook River, Oreg. 8. Siletz River, bar, and entrance, Oreg. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE SECOND PORT- LAND (OREG.) DISTRICT. This district includes those portions of the northern part of the State of Oregon and the southern part of the State of Washington whose waters are tributary to the Willamette River, Oreg., and to the Columbia River, Oreg. and Wash., below Vancouver, Wash. District engineer: Maj. R. Park, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. J. B. Cavanaugh, Corps of Engineers, to August 1, 1922; Col. Edward H. Schulz, Corps of Engineers, to May 21, 1923; and Col. W. J. Barden, Corps of Engineers, since June 19, 1923. IMPROVEMENTS. [The letters and figures in parentheses after the titles indicate the group, and the numeri- cal order in the group, to which the respective improvements belong for purposes of appropriation.] Page. Page. 1. Columbia River at mouth, 7. Lewis River Wash. (B4) __ 1764 Oreg. and Wash. (Al) _____ 1743 8. Cowlitz River, Wash. (B5) 1767 2. Columba and Lower Wil- 9. Skamokawa Creek, Wash. lamette Rivers, below Van- (B6)--__-_- ____-) 1769 couver, Wash., and Port- 10. Grays River, Wash. (B7)___ 1772 land, Oreg. (A2) ---------- 1746 11. Operating and care of canal 3. Willamette Slough, Oreg ... 1754 and locks at Willamette 4. Clatskanie River, Oreg. (B1) 1756 Falls, Oreg__-___- _ 1774 5. Willamette River above Port- 12. Operating and care of lock land, and Yamhill River, and dam in Yambill River, Oreg. (B2) --------------- 1759 Oreg-------------------- 1776 6. Willamette River at Willam- ette Falls, Oreg. (B3) .... 1763 COLUMBIA AND LOWER WILLAMETTE RIVERS BELOW VANCOUVER, WASH., AND PORTLAND, OREG., AND MOUTH OF COLUMBIA RIVER, OREG. AND WASH. (GROUP A.) 1. COLUMBIA RIVER AT THE MOUTH, OREG. AND WASH. (Al.) Location and description.-The mouth of the Columbia River is 610 miles north of San Francisco Harbor and 160 miles south of the Straits of Juan de Fuca. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 6100 and 6151.) For description of the Columbia River see page 1746. Original condition.-There were from one to three channels across the bar, and these varied from time to time both in location and depth. The depths were from 19 to 21 feet at mean lower low water, and the outer ends of the channels shifted over the bar between Cape Disappointment and Point Adams over a distance of about 6 miles. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 5, 1884. The amount expended on this project 61637-ENG 1923-----110 1744 REPORT' OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. prior to adoption of the existing project in 1905 was $1,986,253.14, including $17,500 previously expended for survey, etc.; all for new work. For further details of previous project see page 1999 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel across the bar 40 feet deep at mean lower low water and of suitable width (not less than one-half mile) to be secured by dredging and by converging rubble-mound jetties, the south jetty being about 7 miles and the north jetty about 24 miles long terminating 2 miles north of the end of the south jetty. The tidal range on the bar between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is about 8 feet and the extreme tidal range is about 12 feet. The estimate of cost for new work is as follows: For the south jetty extension, revised in 1909, $8,014,164; for the north jetty, revised in 1913, $5,966,573; and for remodeling and operating the dredge, made in 1905, $250,000; a total of $14,230,737, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. ' The latest (1922) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $25,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1905, made final provision for the south jetty, the construction of the north jetty, and dredging (H. Doc. No. 94, 56th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1903, p. 2275). The construction of the north jetty was approved July 29, 1910, and a modification of its alignment December 27, 1913. The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1921 opposite page 1868. Recommended modifications of project.-None. References to published articles not previously reported.- "Changes at mouth of Columbia River, 1903-1921," by R. E. Hick- son, assistant engineer, published in July-August, 1922, issue of the Military Engineer. Local cooperation.-Theexisting project contains no conditions re- quiring local cooperation. However, during 1914 the port of Port- land contributed $475,000 and the port of Astoria $25,000 to this improvement. These amounts have been expended, the greater part having been applied to the purchase of stone for the north jetty. Terminal facilities.-For terminal and transfer facilities served by improvement see report on Columbia and lower Willamette Rivers. Effect of imnprovement.-The improvement has made it possible for the largest vessels operating on the Pacific coast to enter aid leave at all normal stages of tide and in any weather except during the most severe storms. Bar-bound vessels, once so common, are now, on account of improved conditions, rarely to be seen. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work consisted in care, salvaging, sale, and transfer of plant and materials, and making hydrographic survey of the mouth of the river. All work was done by hired labor and Government plant. The total amount expended was $9,118.48, all for maintenance. The dredge Chinook which left here in January, 1919 for work on the Atlantic coast was transferred to the Norfolk, Va., district, on authority of Chief of Engineers, October 25, 1922, without trans- fer of funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1745 Condition at end of fiscal year.--The existing project was com- pleted in 1918. The condition of the jetties is practically the same as reported in 1921 and 1922, except for a slight increase in settle- ment of rock along the south side of the north jetty near the end. A survey made in June, 1923, shows a channel with at least the project depth of 40 feet at mean lower low water for a width of 6,500 feet. Depths between the 40-foot contours on the bar range up to 44 feet at mean lower low water. A draft of 34 feet is practicable at mean lower low water under ordinary weather conditions. The total expended under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $13,727,336 68, not including $475,000 and $25,000 con- tributed by the ports of Portland and Astoria, respectively, and expended for new work. Of this amount $11,395,572.35 was for new work and $2,331,764.33 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the funds unex- pended as follows: Care, salvage, sale and transfer of plant and property - - $20, 000. 00 Surveys and investigations_ 6, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies_____ 3, 592. 12 Outstanding liabilities 242. 06 29, 834. 18 Proposed operations cover two years. No additional funds are requested at this time as the balance unexpended is deemed sufficient to carry on the work until June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-Duringthe calendar year 1922, a total of 4,163,554 tons of freight were carried in and out at the mouth of the Columbia River, Oreg., and Wash., viz, 93,683 tons imported from foreign ports; 1,492,926 tons exported to foreign ports; 1,507,110 tons received from coastwise ports; and 1,069,835 tons shipped to coastwise ports. The principal commodities in foreign im- ports were coffee, copra, linseed, coconut oil, soya-bean cake, tea, hemp, wool, paper, wood pulp, coal and coke, window glass, pig iron, and nitrate of soda; in foreign exports they were canned fish, flour, fruits and vegetables (fresh, dried, and canned), wheat, textiles, lumber, paper, coal, and steel. The coastwise receipts were largely canned fish, barley, coffee, fruits and vegetables (fresh, dried. and canned), groceries, sugar, merchandise, paper goods, lumber, asphaltum, cement, gasoline, fuel oil, salt, sulphur, hardware, plumb- ing supplies, steel, tin plate, electrical supplies, and paints; and the coastwise shipments mainly canned milk, canned fish, flour, fruits and vegetables (fresh, dried, and canned), millfeed, wool, doors, lumber, paper, staves and shooks, steel, and merchandise. The traffic was handled in 1,445 entrances and 1,430 clearances of ocean-going vessels. The foreign business was moved in tramp vessels, and by 24 steamship companies that try to maintain regular schedules. The coastwise business was taken care of by 22 steamship companies that also try to maintain regular schedules. It is estimated that 5 per cent of the total commerce required the full project depth for its accommodation. The usual limit of draft for a loaded vessel is 30 feet. 1746 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. P assengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918.......... i,970,866 $77,419,048 16,992 1921......... 3,633,279 $163,227,916 14,621 1919........... 2,317,734110,703,687 .4,163,554 11,044 1922.......... 220,992,776 16,842 1920........... 2,916,039 170,586,294 24,868 All of the traffic reported in the statement was unloaded and loaded at ports on the Columbia; and Willamette Rivers. Cargoes in transit during 1922 amounted to 362,495 tons, valued at $44,224,390. The increase in the commerce is due to aggressive work on the part of the business interests of Portland and Astoria, Oreg. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $152,610.53: New work --. $13, 381, 825. 49 Maintenance_------------------------------- 2, 331, 764. 33 Net total expended _ 15, 713. 589. 82 1 Total appropriations to date of this report-_ 15, 743, 424. 00 Fiscalyear ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work ........-... Expended formaintenance ..... 142, 600.61 $14,468.37 $i11680.27 $19,424.73 $9,118.48 Appropriated orallotted....................................... ...................... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------- $36, 116. 55 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 2, 836. 11 38, 952. 66 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for main- nan111e -------------------- 9,118.48 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------ -- ----- 9_--------- 29, 834. 18 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------------- 242. 06 July 1, 1923, balance available------------------------------ 29, 592, 12 2. COLUMBIA AND LOWER WILLAMETTE RIVERS BELOW VAN- COUVER, WASH., AND PORTLAND, OREG. (A2.) Location and description.-The Columbia JRiver rises in British Columbia and western Montana, flows southwesterly about 1,200 miles through Washington and between Oregon and Washington, and empties into the Pacific Ocean 610 miles north of San Francisco Harbor and 160 miles south of the Straits of Juan de Fuca;. drainage area 259,000 square miles; average flood discharge (May to July) about 660,000 second-feet; low-water discharge (October to January) about 75,000 second-feet, exclusive of tidewater. For description of Not including $500,000 contribiuted by local interests. SNot deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS--SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1747 the Willamette River see page 1759. Tidal variations extend to a short distance above Vancouver, Wash., 103j miles from the mouth of the Columbia River, and to a short distance above Portland, 14 miles above the mouth of the Willamette River, and range from 8 feet at the mouth of the Columbia River to about 2 feet at low water at Portland and Vancouver. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 6100, 6151, 6152, 6153, and 6154.) Original condition.-The channel between Portland and the sea was obstructed by numerous sand bars, in which were comparatively narrow channels with depths varying from 10 to 15 feet at low water. The city of Portland, on the Willamette River, 113 miles above the mouth of the Columbia River, was the head of deep-water navigation. Previous projects.-Some work of relief dredging was done be- tween 1866 and 1876. The first project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 18, 1878, and modified by the river and harbor acts of July 13, 1892, June 13, 1902, and June 25, 1910. The amount expended on these projects prior to the commencement of work under the existing project in 1913, and including the relief dredging, was $1,529,413.14 for new work and $1,214,864.79 for maintenance, a total of $2,744,277.93. For further details of previous projects see . lpages 1995 and 1998 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 30 feet deep and 300 feet wide in the Columbia River from its mouth to the mouth of the Willamette River, 99 miles, and thence up the Willamette to the foot of Ross Island, at Portland, Oreg., 14 miles; 20 feet deep and 150 feet wide in the Columbia River from the mouth of the Wil- lamette to Vancouver, Wash., 41 miles; auxiliary channels 8 feet deep and 300 feet wide in the Willamette on the west side of Swan Island, 10 feet deep and 300 feet wide in Columbia River in the vicinity of Cathlamet; and 25 feet deep and 300 feet wide connect- ing deep water in Willamette Slough at St. Helens, Oreg., with deep water in the Columbia River, about 2 miles; and the construction of stone and pile dikes and revetments. The plane of reference in the estuary from the mouth to Harrington Point is mean lower low water; from Harrington Point to Portland and Vancouver low water. The tidal range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water at the mouth of the Columbia is about 8 feet and at Portland and Vancouver about 2 feet at low stages of the rivers. Extreme tidal ranges are about 12 feet and 3 feet, respectively. Annual freshets have but little effect on depths at the mouth of the Columbia; at Portland and Vancouver they average about 21 feet, while the highest known reached a stage of about 33 feet above low water. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1923, is $3,003,600, ex- clusive of the amounts expended under previous projects and of work contributed by the port of Portland, and $750,000 for the con- struction of an additional dredge, and $1,000,000 to be expended for dredging and contraction works for the better maintenance .of the channel. The latest (1923) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $502,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 18, 1878, provided for the dike at St. Helens Bar (Annual Report for 1877, p. 1019); the act of July 13, 1892 provided for the closing dike at head of Oregon Slough and dikes at Deer Island and Walker Island (H. Does. Nos. 36 and 3L 1748 1 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 52d Cong., 1st sess.); the act of June 13, 1902, provided for replacing the revetment of Coon Island (H. Doc. No. 673, 56th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of March 3, 1905, provided for the channel between the mouth of the Willamette and Vancouver (H. Doc. No. 56, 58th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the acts of June 25, 1910, provided for the channel on the west side of Swan Island, of February 27, 1911, for two pipe- line dredges and accessories, and of July 25, 1912, for the present channel dimensions from the mouth of the Columbia River to Port- land, Oreg. (H. Doc. No. 1278, 61st Cong., 3d sess.); the act of July 27, 1916, combined the improvements below Portland, Oreg., and between Vancouver, Wash., and the mouth of the Willamette (without prior report);, the act of August 8, 1917, provided for athlamet Channel (H. Doc. No. 120, 63d Cong., 1st sess.). The act of September 22, 1922, authorized the construction of an addi- -works tional dredge and accessories for better maintenance and construc- tion of contraction (H. Doc. No. 1009, 66th Cong., 3d sess.); and Public Resolution No. 105, 67th Congress, approved March 4, 1923, provided for the channel from deep water in Willamette Slough to deep water in the Columbia River (H. Doc. No. 156, 67th Cong., 2d sess.). For latest published map see Annual Report for 1911, page 2606, and House Document No. 879, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Recommended modification of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Underthe provisions of House Document No. 1278, Sixty-first Congress, third session, adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912, this project is conditioned upon the fol- lowing described cooperation by the port of Portland: That the port of Portland shall assist in the work of improving and main- taining the channel in the Columbia River and shall be solely responsible for obtaining and maintaining the project channel in the Willamette River; not including the west channel at Swan Island. This cooperation was approved by the Secretary of War June 29, 1915, and is being carried out by the port of Portland, which has at present three pipe-line dredges to assist when needed in maintaining the channel in the Columbia and to take care of all work on the 30- foot channel in the Willamette River. Under previous and exist- ing projects up to December 31, 1922, about 52,202,000 cubic yards of material had been removed from various bars by the port of Portland dredges, at an approximate cost of $2,934,800, and about $447,775 has been expended by the port in the construction of dikes for the improvement of the channel. The port of Portland also con- tributed $16,819.82, which was expended for maintenance dredging. While not required by law, under the existing project the port of Vancouver, besides contributing $7,500 for operation of U. S. dredge Oregon, has expended about $15,000 in construction of dikes for im- provement of the channel below Vancouver and about $5,000 for relief .dredging under previous projects. Under the provisions of the river and harbor act approved Sep- tember 22, 1922, the port of Portland must give assurance " that it will without expense to the United States maintain a channel of equal dimensions in the Willamette River below Portland," and if necessary shall "furnish and operate at its own expense an addi- tional dredge in the Columbia River." RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1749 Terminal facilities.-At Portland, Oreg., there are under public ownership four terminals for general cargo. In connection with one terminal is a grain elevator of 1,000,000 bushels capacity and large bunkers with car-tipping machinery and conveyors for handling mis- cellaneous bulk cargo. There is one dry dock of 10,000 tons and another of 15,000 tons capacity, both under municipal ownership and operation. Under private ownership, but open to all on equal terms, are 14 general cargo, 14 grain and flour, 12 lumber, 4 crude oil, and 2 coal terminals, besides outfitting and storage wharves. The berth- ing capacity of all terminals is at present about 40,000 linear feet. All the principal terminals are connected with the seven railroads serving the port through the tracks of the Northern Pacific Terminal Co. and other railroads. At Astoria, Oreg., there is a large municipal terminal with large grain elevator and coal bunkers in connection. The berthing space at this terminal available for deep-draft vessels is about 6,500 linear feet. There are also 22 private docks used for shipment of canned salmon, lumber, and flour, and for the receiving of coal, oil, and general merchandise. The frontage of private terminals is about 6,600 linear feet. At Vancouver, Wash., there is a municipal terminal wharf with 1,000 feet frontage and a smaller terminal for river boats. There is also a mill wharf and other privately owned wharves for shipment of lumber and other commodities. At Kalama, Wash., there is a municipal wharf with 500 feet front- age, which it is intended to extend to 1,000 feet. At other small towns on the Columbia River between Portland and Astoria there are sufficient private facilities to accommodate the river steamers, and at six points there are. large sawmill docks used entirely for the shipment of lumber in ocean-going carriers. These facilities, with the planned extensions under consideration by the city of Portland, are considered adequate for the present needs of commerce. (For full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has greatly increased the draft of vessels that can ascend to Portland and Vancouver, and has enabled steamship lines to operate on regular schedules. Vessels now arrive and depart from Portland at all hours and seldom have to wait for tides. There is a large saving in freights on the conm- merce handled in ocean-going vessels on the lower Columbia and Willamette Rivers between Portland and Astoria and vice versa. The saving last calendar year on a total of 4,163,554 tons is estimated to have been $9,867,622.98. On receipts of oil and gasoline alone (1,129,282 tons during 1922) there was an estimated saving of $3.32 per ton, or a total of $3,749,216.24. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Maintenance dredging was done by the United States during the year at Desdemona, Flavel, Upper Sands, Tongue Point, No. 2 Beacon, Harrington Point, Skamokawa, Puget Island, Pancake Point, Westport, EIiu'eka, Stella, Fisher Island, Walker Island, LaDu, Slaughters, Dobelbower, Kalama, Lower Martin, Upper Martin, St. Helens, Willow, and Vancouver bars in the Columbia River. Dredging was carried to depths of 30 to 33 feet in the main channel and a minimum width 1750 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. of 300 feet except in the channel to Vancover, where the project calls for a channel depth of 20 feet and a width of 150 feet. The U. S. dredges Multnomah, Wahkiakum, and Clatsop were used on this work, excavating a total of 6,138,643 cubic yards and covering a total length of 133,325 feet of channel. Other work con- sisted in construction of pile and stone dikes at Willow, St. Helens, Martin Island, and Slaughter bars, and in repairs to plant, surveys, etc. All work was done by hired labor with Government plant except dike No. 31-6 at Martin Island Bar and this was built by contract at a total cost of $23,044.23. The total amount expended during the fiscal year was $707,199.92, of which $234,833.33 was for new work and $472,366.59 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-All new work of dredging in the main channel was completed in 1918. Twenty-six new dikes have been constructed and old works repaired where necessary. Based on expenditures for new work compared with original estimates, the project is 44.7 per cent completed. Two dredges have been con- structed; new work of dredging is 100 per cent and permanent work about 50 per cent completed. Physically, the project as a whole is about 83 per cent completed. The work remaining to be done consists in the construction of an additional dredge for maintenance and con- struction of dikes and revetments where dredging is found to be ineffective. All dikes are in good condition. In the channel of the Columbia full project depths were restored after the freshet of June and July, 1922, depths of 30 feet at low- water datum being available from January to the latter part of June, 1923. The annual freshets cause shoaling on most of the bars, but gauge readings varying from 10 feet to 25 feet at Portland during these months provide ample depths for shipping. Im- mediately following the freshet there are practicable during August to October drafts of 28 feet with available low tide gauge heights of 8 to 2 feet at Portland; during November to January drafts of 29 feet with available gauge heights of 2 to 0 feet; and from February to June drafts of 30 feet with available gauge heights of 2 feet and over. By taking advantage of the tides 2 feet greater drafts can usually be accommodated. Gauge heights at any stage decrease nearly uni- formly from that at Portland to zero at Astoria. In the Willamette River the Port of Portland maintained project widths and depths generally except on one bar where the depth from March to June was 28 feet referenced to low water datum. The river stage was such that generally depths of 30 feet or over were available and not less than 29.3 at any time. * From Vancouver drafts of 24, 18, and 19 feet are usually prac- ticable during the same periods, and necessary available gauge heights at low tide are 7, 1, and 2 feet, respectively. The total expended under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year was $4,358,077.51, of which $1,339,778.96 was for new work and $3,018,298.55 for maintenance, not including $24,319.82 expended for maintenance from contributed funds. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to apply the unexpended funds as follows: RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1751 New work: Dike construction--__------------------_ $300, 000 Operation and repair dredge Multnomah, one-third month, at $11,000 per month; deepening channel connecting deep water in Willamette Slough with deep water in Columbia River at St. Helens, Oreg --- --------------------------------- 3, 600 Outstanding liabilities---------------------------------- 12, 000 315, 600 Maintenance: Operations and repairs of hopper dredge Clatsop, 12 months, at $14,000 per month------------------ $168, 000 Operation and repair of dredge Multnomah, 11l months and dredge Wahkiakum, 12 months, at $11,000 each per month---------------------------------- 260, 400 Operation and repair tug Mendell, on surveys, etc____ 24, 000 Construction of 6 steel fuel barges 50, 000 1---------------- Construction of launch ________________-__ -__- 9, 000 Repairs to existing works------------------------ 15, 000 Operation of borrowed dredge--------------------- 50, 000 Engineering and contingencies--------------------47, 246 723, 646 Outstanding liabilities__---_- ------- 89, 741 1, 128, 987 The funds that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, are for new work and maintenance, as follows: New work: Dike construction___ 250, 000 $____________ Maintenance : Operation and repair, hopper dredge Cl tsop, 12 months, at $14,000 per month------------------------- $168, 000 Operation and repairs, dredges Multnomah and Wah- kiakum, 12 months, at $11,000 each per month------- 264, 000 Operation and repair, tug Mendell on surveys, etc-___ 24, 000 Repairs to existing works-------------------------15, 000 Operation and repair of borrowed dredge (six months)_ 90, 000 Construction of two steel fuel barges________________ 50, 000 Engineering and contingencies ______-- __-__-_ 49, 000 660, 000 910, 000 The amount required for maintenance ($660,000) is larger than the average for the past five years owing to operation of the dredge Clatsop on three shifts; the probable operation of borrowed dredge and construction of new equipment. Commercial statistics.-Duringthe calendar year 1922, a total of 4,163,554 tons of freight were carried in ocean-going vessels to and from ports on the Columbia and Willamette Rivers, viz, 93,683 tbns imported from foreign ports; 1,492,926 tons exported to foreign ports; 1,507,110 tons received from coastwise ports; and 1,069,835 tons shipped to coastwise ports. The principal commodities in for- eign imports were coffee, copra, linseed, cocoanut oil, soya bean cake, tea, hemp, wool, paper, wood pulp, coal and coke, window glass, pig iron, and nitrate of soda; in foreign exports they were canned fish, flour, fruits and vegetables (fresh, dried, and canned), wheat, tex- tiles, lumber, paper, coal, and steel. The coastwise receipts were largely canned fish, barley, coffee, fruits and vegetables (fresh, dried, and canned), groceries, sugar, merchandise, paper goods, lumber, as- phaltum, cement, gasoline, fuel oil, salt, sulphur, hardware, plumbing 1752 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. supplies, steel, tinplate, electrical supplies, and paints; and the coast- wise shipments mainly canned milk, canned fish, flour, fruits and vegetables (fresh, dried, and canned), millfeed, wool, doors, lumber, paper, staves and shooks, steel, and merchandise. The traffic was handled in 1,445 entrances and 1,430 clearances of ocean-going vessels. The foreign business was moved in tramp ves- sels, and by 24 steamship companies that try to maintain regular schedules. The coastwise business was taken care of by 22 steam- ship companies that also try to maintain regular schedules. It is estimated that 60 per cent of the ocean-going traffic required the full project depth for its accommodation. During low stages of the river, the limit of draft for a loaded vessel is about 29 feet. Contparatire statemecnt of ocean-goinlg traffic. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918.. ........ 1,970,866 $77,419,048 16,992 1921.......... 3,633,279 $163,227.916 i 14,621 1919.......... 2,317, 734 110,703,687 11,044 1.922.......... 4, 1.63,554 220, 932,776 16, 842 1920......... 2,916,039 170,5886,294 24,868 All of the traffic reported in the statement was unloaded and loaded at ports on the Columbia and Willamette Rivers. Cargoes in transit during 1922 amounted to 362,495 tons, valued at $44,224,390. The increase in the commerce is due to aggressive work on the part of the business interests of Portland and Astdria, Oreg. In addition to the ocean-going traffic, during the calendar year 1922 the inland river traffic was 1,721,905 tons of freight composed mainly of dairy products, fish, grains, millfeed, merchandise, paper, paper base stock, sawdust, lumber, shingles, fuel oil, sand and gravel, iron and steel, stone, and miscellaneous; 2,597,765 tons of rafted timbers (towed); and 155,588 passengers. This traffic was handled by 18 inland freight and passenger boats and 49 inland towboats, with loaded drafts of from 2 to 10 feet, none of which required the full project depth of the improvement. Comparative statement of internal river traflc. Freight. Rafted timber. Calendar year. Passengers, Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1918............................. 1,150,335 $38,107,601 2,539,836 $18,963,760 259,754 1919 ....................... ... 944,406 50, 414,970 2,519 508 25,083, 877 233,051 1920......................... 1 566,247 52, 380,150 2,772,009 30,480,443 248,911 1921............................. 1 499,879 30,652,154 2,203,044 16 437,949 164,347 1922... ........................ 1,721,905 36,954,967 2,597,765 19, 409,399 155,588 All of the traffic reported in the statement was loaded or unloaded at ports on the Columbia and Willamette Rivers. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1753 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $47,766.71: New work $2, 869, 192. 10 Maintenance - - - 4, 233, 163. 34 Net total expended_ 1 7, 102, 355. 44 Total appropriations to date of this report .....- 8, 231, 343. 06 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 2.... $15,733.00 $95,171.65 . $40,860.13 $23, 833.33 Expended for maintenance 2..... 371,646.35 415,359.57 388,482. 16 433,509.84 472,366.59 Total expended 2......... 387,379.35 510,531.22 388,482.16 474,369.97 707,199. , Appropriated or allotted......... 845,000. 00 226, 000. 00 524,000.00 879, 846.67 900, 000. o July 1, 1922, balance unexpended - $933, 002. 85 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923 900, 00. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923_______________ 3, 184. 69 1, 836, 187. 54 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: 2 For new work.._ ---------------------------- $234, 833. 33 For maintenance---------------------------- 472, 366. 59 707, 199. 92 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-------------------------1, 128, 987. 62 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities 56, 986. 97 $-------------- July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts---- 44, 754. 00 101, 740. 97 July 1, 1923, balance available, including $715,246.00 available only for maintenance------- ----------- ------------ 1, 027, 246. 65 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project ____-------------------------------------- 33, 098, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work---------------------------------------- 250, 000. 00 For maintenance---------------------------------------- 3660, 000. 00 Total ------------------------------------------------- 910, 000. 00 CONSOLID)ATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $200,377.24: New work--$---------------------------------------16, 251, 017. 59 Maintenance_--------------------------------------- 6, 564, 927. 67 Net total expended ------------------------------- 22, 815, 945. 26 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 23, 974, 767. 06 1 Not including $24,319.82 contributed by local interests. 2 Not deducting receipts ,from sales, etc. 3Exclusive of available ,funds. 1754 •REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ $15, 733. 00 95 171. 65 ............. 40, 860. 13 $234, 833. 33 Expended for maintenance 1..... 514, 246. 96 429, 827. 94 $400, 162. 43 452, 934. 57 481,485.07 Total expended 1......... 529,979.96 524,999.59 400,162.43 493, 794.70 716,318.40 Appropriated or allotted......... 845, 000. 00 226, 000. 00 524, 000. 00 879, 846. 67 900, 000. 00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended -------------------------- $969, 119. 40 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923___ _ _____--. __ -- 900, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923_______________ 6, 020. 80 1, 875, 140. 20) June 30, 1923, amount expended (luring fiscal year :' For new work ---------- $234, 833. 33 For maintenance .-________________-------_ 481, 485. 07 - 716, 318. 40 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------------------------- 1, 158, 821. 80 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities . ----------- $57, 229. 03 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts------- --------------------------- 44, 754. 00 101, 983. 03 July 1, 1923, balance available, including $715,246.00 available only for maintenance 056, 838. 77 1----------------------------- Anmount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project---------------------------------- - 23, 098, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: For new work__ __________________________ 2250, 000. 00 26609 000.00 For maintenance-------------------------------------- Total 2910, 000.00 3. WILLAMETTE SLOUGH. OREG. Location and description.-Willamette Slough (also known as Multnomah Channel) is about 21 miles in length, flowing in a north- erly direction, and connects the Willamette and Columbia Rivers. Its head is in the Willamette River about 3 miles above its mouth and it empties into the Columbia River at St. Helens, Oreg. It is about 500 feet wide and depths at low water vary from about 10 feet on a rocky ledge near the lower end, to over 50 feet at some points. The slough has but a small drainage area of its own; its waters com- ing almost entirely from the Columbia and Williamette Rivers. The flow in the slough at low stages is largely tidal, and has been esti- mated at a 2-foot stage as approximately 11,700 second-feet before the dams were constructed, and as 4,700 second-feet since dams have been constructed. At average freshet stage of 20 feet the discharge of the slough is about 90,000 second-feet. Variation due to tide is about 3 feet when the rivers are low. (See U. S. Geological Survey (Hillsboro Quadrangle) and U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6154.) 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1755 Original condition.-Originalcondition of the slough was practi- cally as it is at present, except so far as the construction of dams and dike at the head have changed its capacity for navigation. It was navigable throughout its length for steamers of 8 feet and less in draft; and was practically free from overhanging trees and snags. Between 1880 and 1885 a longitudinal dike (A) was constructed in the Willamette River across the head, and a damrn (B) placed in the slough to check the flow. In 1909 a permit was granted to re- move Dam B and portions of Dam A, provided another dam (C) be built in lieu of same at a point 21 miles farther down the slough. Dam C was built, but only part of Dam B was removed. (Dams A, B, and C are shown on map with H. Doc. No. 976, 66th Cong., 3d sess.) No work has previously been done by the United States for improvement of Willamette Slough. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for widening the openings in Dams B and C to 450 feet, and increasing the depths through these (lams to 25 feet at low water, Columbia River datum, for a channel width of 150 feet in the center, with side slopes of one vertical to 15 horizontal; also for removal of the detached central section of longi- tudinal Dam A at the head of the slough. The dams referred to are all located within about 2 miles at the head of the slough and the Willamette River. The lower dam'(C) is about 18) miles from the lower end, or mouth of the slough. The mean tidal range is about 2z feet and extreme about 3 feet at low stages. Freshets in the Co- iumbia River create a stage of about 20 feet in Willamette Slough. The estimated cost of new work made in 1920 is $46,700, of which one-half is to be contributed by local interests. No maintenance is contemplated. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. No. 976, 66th Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended mnodifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of Septemberi 22, 1922, provides that local interests shall contribute the sum of $23,350 toward the cost of the work. It appears that local interests will not. contribute this amount of money toward the cost of the work. Prior to and since the passage of the act, however, local interests have done a considerable portion of the work in removing parts of these old dams so that at the present time probably about half of the contem- plated work has been accomplished. Work done in this way, it is claimed, has cost the local interests approximately $21,535. Terminal facilities.-Terminal facilities in Willamette Slough consist in small private landings for transfer of milk, freight, and passengers originating at, and destined to, farms along the banks; in bunkers for loading crushed rock and riprap; a small sawmill wharf; and log booms. No boat line has a terminus in the slough but use the larger and adequate facilities at Portland, St. Helens, and Kalama, etc., as terminals. The facilities are considered adequate for the present needs of commerce. Effect of improvement.-- ork done by local interests has made it miuch easier for boats to use the slough. 1756 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Operations and results durng fiscal yea r.-No operations were carried on by the United States because no funds have been con- tributed. Local interests have, however, made considerable progress in re- moving parts of the old darns under permits granted for this work. The detached section of Dam A has been removed by the Shaver Transportation Co., and openings in Dams B and C were widened by the Pacific Bridge Co. under permits granted to the Ruth Trust Co. and Nehalem Boom Co. The total expended by local interests on this work is claimed to be about $21,535. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The detached section of longi- tudinal dike A has been removed, the opening in Dam B has been widened to about 275 feet, the work being done on the westerly side of the old opening. The opening in Dam C has been widened to about 225 feet. No surveys to show exact conditions have been made, as no funds are available. Due to work done by local interests conditions for navigation are much improved. Proposed operations.-Thereare no funds available. Until condi- tions of local cooperation provided for by law are complied with, no operations are proposed. Commrnercial statistics.-The Williamette Slough is used by tow- boats in towing logs and by small craft owned by dairy ranchers. One freight and passenger steamer makes daily trips between St. Helens and Portland. The amount of the traffic is not known. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work-------------- Maintenance----___ Total appropriations to (late of this report__ Fiscal year ending June 30 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.......... ............... ... ....................... ........ Expended for maintenance................... .......................... ...... ........ Appropriated or allotted........ . .......................... ............................ Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project _---------- $46, 700 WILLAMETTE RIVER ABOVE PORTLAND AND AT WILLAMETTE FALLS, YAMHILL, AND CLATSKANIE RIVERS, OREG.; COWLITZ, LEWIS, AND GRAYS RIVERS, AND SKAMOKAWA CREEK, WASH. (GROUP B.) 4. CLATSKANIE RIVER, OREG. (B.) Location and description.-The Clatskanie River rises in the Coast Range in the State of Oregon, flows northwesterly about 28 miles, and empties through Beaver and Wallace Sloughs into the Columbia River 65 miles below Portland. The drainage area is about 100 1 One-half to be contributed by local interests. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1757 square miles and the estimated low-water discharge during Septem- ber and October is about 100 to 150 second-feet. The stream is tidal to Clatskanie, 1 miles, and the fall per mile at low water is small. The average width between the banks is about 75 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6152.) Original condition.-The river was winding, with numerous sharp bends and a minimum usable depth ranging from about 2 to 5 feet at low water. Clatskanie, about 4 miles above the connection of Wallace Slough with the Columbia River, was and is the head of navigation. The stream was used for logging for a farther distance of about 12 miles. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, and the amount expended there- under prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1922 was $39,026.29, of which $15,537.30 was for new work and $23,488.99 was for maintenance. For further details of original project see page 2000 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for dredging and maintaining a through channel 6 feet deep and 40 feet wide from Clatskanie City to Columbia River, a distance of about 4 miles. The variation of water levels due to tides is about 4 feet and to freshets about 10 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1915, is $4,620 and for maintenance $2,000 annually. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1899, provided for improvement below Clatskanie (H. Doc. No. 218, 55th Cong., 2d sess.); the act of June 25, 1910, provided for dredging from Clatskanie to the rail- road bridge (H. Doc. No. 633, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); the act of July 18, 1918, provided for maintenance from the mouth of Clatskanie without prior printed report; and the act of September 22, 1922, pro- vided for improvement and maintenance from the town of Clats- kanie to the Columbia River (H. Doc. No. 698, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map see House Document No. 698, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The existing project contains no conditions requiring local cooperation. The Columbia Agricultural Co. and the citizens of Clatskanie, however, subscribed funds which were ex- pended in dredging a cut-off of project width and depth and ap- proximately 1,000 feet long across a bend near the mouth of the river and in other dredging in Clatskanie River and Beaver Slough. Terminal facilities.-A dock and warehouse at Clatskanie is owned by the transportation company operating on the stream, and, as the traffic is local, the terminal facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. A public landing is provided for gasoline boats and small craft. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The deepening of the channel between the mouth of the river and the town of Clatskanie has facilitated water-borne commerce. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredgingwas carried on between the town of Clatskanie and the mouth of the river by the U. S. bucket dredge Monticello. The dredge removed 35,909 cubic 1758 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. yards of material from the channel obtaining a clear channel 6 feet deep at low water and 40 feet wide on the bottom from the mouth of the river to the town of Clatskanie. Preliminary new work only was done under the new project. The total expenditure during the fiscal year amounted to $6,466.88, of which $266.88 was for new work and $6,200 for maintenance of the previous project. The work was 'done with Government plant and hired labor. Condition at end of fiscal year. Preliminary work only has been done on the existing project. The controlling depth is now about 4 feet at low water. Total expenditures under the existing project to the end of the fiscal year were $266.88 for new work. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended will be exhausted by October 31, 1924, and will be applied as follows: New work : Operation of dredge Monticello and tender____________ $4, 000 Engineering and contingencies_______ _________ 354 $4, 354 Maintenance: Operation and repair of dredge Monticello and tender.. 4. 00()0 Engineering and contingencies ------------------------- 346 4, 346 Total for new work and maintenance - - - 8, 700 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, is for maintenance dredging, as follows: Operation and repair of dredge Monticello and tender--------------- $6, 200 Engineering and contingencies____------------------- 800 7, 000 The additional funds required for maintenance are necessary on account of the annual deposit of silt and debris in the channel. The amount is larger than the average expended for maintenance for the last five years as the funds heretofore provided were insufficient for efficient maintenance, and the channel to be maintained under the existing project is more than twice the length of that covered by the project in force last year. Commercial statistics.-All of the freight and passenger traffic re- quired the full project depth of the improved section of the Clats- kanie River. The rafted timbers were not handled on the improved section. Because advantage is taken of the tides, the usual limit of draft for loaded boats operating on the river is 6 feet. The freight and passengers were handled by one inland freight and passenger boat. and the rafted timbers by 9 inland towboats, Comparative statement. Freight. Rafted timbers. Calendar year. -- -- --- Passengers. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value 1918............................. 14,895 $1,277,265 39,078 $291,547 2,350 1919........................... 23,763 1,996, 259 78, 268 780,996 2,762 1920...................... ..... 16,327 890,128 94,048 1,033,981 181 191 .......................... . 10,409 660, 251 130,610 979 575 444 1922.......................... 13,330 830,560 1,290 9, 675 678 RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1759 All the freight and passengers reported in the statement were des- tined to or from points on the Clatskanie River. The principal commodities moved during the calendar year 1922 were grain, millfeed, merchandise, lumber, and shingles. In addition, during the calendar year 1922 there were about 150,000 tons of logs, valued at approximately $1,125,000, towed from Beaver Slough, Mouth of Clatskanie River, now part of the approved project. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,586.83: New work--------- ------------------------------ $15, 804. 18 Maintenance ------------------------------- ---------- 23, 488. 99 Net total expended__________----------- 89,293. 17 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------- 48, 026. 29 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1............ ... ............. ........ $266.88 Expended for maintenance .... $3, 800. 15 $1,668.70 $22.02 $7, 950.82 6,200.00 Total expended 1......... 3, 800.15 1,668.70 22.02 7,950.82 6,466.88 Appropriated or allotted......... 3,000.00 .......................... 14,150.82 9,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---------------------------- $6, 200. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923-------------------------------------------- 9, 000. 00 15,200. 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work_ ---.---------------------- $266. 88 For maintenance ------------------------------ 6, 200. 00 6, 466. 88 July 1, 1928, balance unexpended ---------------------------- 8, 783. 12 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance _----_ --------- ---------- 7, 000. 00 5. WILLAMETTE RIVER ABOVE PORTLAND AND YAMHILL RIVER, OREG. (B2.) Location and description.-The Willamette River rises in the Cas- cade Range in southwestern Oregon, flows northerly, and empties into the Columbia River about 100 miles from the sea. Its length from the source of the middle fork is about 294 miles; drainage area, about 11,000 square miles; low-water period, below the falls at Ore- gon City, 26 miles above the mouth, October to January-discharge about 6,000 second-feet; high-water period, March to July--discharge from 200,000 to 400,000 second-feet. Above the falls at Oregon City the low-water period is August to November-discharge 5,000 second- feet; high water, January to March-discharge at extreme high water 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 61637-ENG 1923-----111 1760 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 400,000 second-feet. River slope, Eugene to Corvallis (53 miles), 2.5 to 5 feet per mile; Corvallis to Newberg (812 miles), 1 to 2.5 feet per mile; Newberg to Portland (37 miles), 0.05 to 0.1 foot per mile at low water. The Yamhill River rises in the Coast Range, flows easterly, and empties into the Willamette River about 42 miles above Portland. Its length from the source of the south fork is about 52 miles; drain- age area, about 760 square miles; low and high water periods, as in Willamette River above Oregon City; low-water discharge, 100 sec- ond-feet; river slope, McMinnville to mouth (18 miles), 14 feet at low water. Original condition.-The mouth of the Yamhill River, 42 miles above Portland, was formerly the head of low-water navigation on the Willamette River, with a minimum usable depth of 2 feet at low water. Above this point the controlling depth was but 1 foot. The least depth at low water between Portland and Oregon City was 3 feet. Dayton, 5 miles above the mouth, was the head of low-water navigation on the Yamhill. For logging purposes the Willamette River was used for a distance of 209 miles above its mouth and the Yamhill River about 50 miles above its mouth. The Willamette River was obstructed by drift, snags, rocks, ledges, rapids, and gravel shoals, which hindered navigation during low-water stages. Similar conditions existed oh the Yamhill River. Previousprojects.-The original project for the Willamette River was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1871, and modi- fied by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892, to include the im- provement of the Yamhill River. The amount expended thereunder was $247,747.51 for new work prior to beginning work under the existing project in 1896. For further details of previous project see page 1997 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel in the Willamette River 6 feet deep at low water and 150 to 200 feet wide from Port- land to the foot of Clackamas Rapids, 11 miles; thence 6 feet deep at low water and 100 feet wide to Oregon City, 1 miles; thence 2 to 32 feet at low water to Corvallis, 106 miles; thence snagging to Harrisburg, 33 miles; the removal of Copeleys Rock, 9 miles above Portland; and necessary dredging, snagging, dike, and revetment work; and for a channel in the Yamhill River 4 feet deep at low water and 60 feet wide from its mouth to McMinnville, 18 miles, to be secured by means of a lock and dam near Lafayette, and the re- moval of obstructions. LOCK AND DAM ON YAM ILL RIVER. Location: 1 miles from Lafayette, Oreg., 8 miles above the mouth. Lock dimensions: One lock, 210 by 40 feet. Lift of lock: 16 feet. Depth on miter sills at low water: 4 feet. Character of foundation: Timber piling in clay. Kind of dam: Fixed. Type of construction: Timber crib. Date of completion: September 21, 1900. Cost: $72,164.83. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1761 For the Willamette River below the falls at'Oregon City ordinary fluctuation of stage of water is 15 fe t and the extreme fluctuation due to flood conditions 35 to 50 feet. Above Oregon City the ordi- nary fluctuation is 12 to 20 feet and the extreme is 20 to 37 feet. For the Yamhill River the ordinary fluctuation is 35 feet and the ex- treme 48 feet. Tidal changes vary from 2 feet at the mouth of the Willamette to zero 23 miles above the mouth. The estimate of cost for new work, r vised in 1904, is $303,216.68, exclusive of the amount exp..nded on previous projects. The latest (1904) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $36,300. The xisting project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for the improvement of Willamette River above Oregon City (H. Doc. No. 260, 54th Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1896, p. 3309) and Yamhill River (Annual Report for 1895, p. 3602); and the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the Willam tte River below Oregon City (H. Doc. No. 438, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). Th.- project was modified in 1904 by abandoning the 20-mile stretch of the river between Harrisburg and Eugene as unworthy of improvement (Annual Report for 1904, p. 3529.) For latest published map see Annual Report for 1903, page 2260. Recommended modification of project.-In accordance with the provisions of section 7 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, it is recommended, owing to lack of traffic (see report on operating and care of lock and dam on Yamhill River, Oreg., p. 1776), and the apparent indifference of the people of the locality as to the develop- ment of local water-borne traffic, that the improvement of that por- tion of the Yamhill River above the town of Dayton, including the operation and care of Yamhill lock and dam, be abandoned. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-Apart from the terminal and transfer facili- ties at Portland, Oreg., which are described on page 1749, there are no public tcrminal facilities on the Willamette and Yamhill Rivers between Portland and points above. The bulk of the upper river commerce is handled on small docks leased from private parties. These docks are served by good county roads. In places where there are no docks passengers and freight are received and deposited on the banks of the river. These facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a' full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has rendered possible regular light-draft steamboat traffic between Portland and Corvallis on the Willamette River and between the mouth and Dayton on the Yamhill River during the entire year; also between Corvallis and Harrisburg on the Willamette River and between Dayton and Mc- Minnville on the Yamhill River for about nine months of the year. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. bucket dredge Mathloma removed 36,847 cubic yards of material from shallow bars on the Willamette River between Portland and Ash Island (39 miles) at a field cost of $9,303.21. Repairs were made to bank revetments at Wheatland and Independence, about 25,000 square feet of rock facing being relaid at a field cost of $11,833.97. All of 1762 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. " this work was fo~r maintenance and the total expenditure during the year was $23,507.29. The work was done with Government plant and hired labor. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The controlling depths at low- water at the end of the year were 6 feet between Portland and Oregon City, 2 feet between Oregon City and Salem on the Willa- mette River (59 miles), and from the mouth to McMinnville (18 miles) on the Yamhill River. Although the project depth has been obtained above Salem as far as Corvallis (47 miles), traffic is carried on only at higher stages of water. This is on account of the in- creased slope of the river above Salem. From Salem to Corvallis the controlling depth at low water is about 2 feet. The project above Oregon City is about 75 per cent complete. Bank revetments at Albany and Salem remain to be constructed when conditions re- quire. The total amount expended on the existing project was $826,511.09, of which $249,301.43 was for new work and $577,209.66 for maintenance. -Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended will be exhausted by May 31, 1924, and will be applied for maintenance, as follows: Outstanding liabilities _----------------------------- _----------_ , 722 Repairs to dams, revetments, and dikes-------------------- 13, 278 Operation and repair of dredges Mathltoma, Champoeg, and tenders_ 8, 000 Engineering and contingencies__-_--------------------------------- 3, 690 33, 690 The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, is for maintenance, as follows: Operation' and repair of dredges Mathloma, Champoeg, and tenders__ $14, 000 Repairs to dams, revetments, and dikes ----------------------- 10, 000 Engineering and contingencies-__---------------------- ----------- 3, 000 27, 000 This amount is needed for maintenance of the channel and is not in excess of the average expended for maintenance during the past five years. Commercial statistics.-Of the 620,306 tons of freight moved on the Willamette River above Portland, Oreg., during the calendar year 1922 about 5,000 tons were handled to and from points above Oregon dity, 246,500 tons between Oregon City and Portland, and 368,806 tons on the river at Portland where improvement is not necessary. Of the 596,808 tons of rafted timber, 266,433 tons were handled on the river above Oregon City and 330,375 tons on the river at Portland. All of the traffic, except that handled on the river at Portland, required the full project depth for its accom- modation. The traffic above Oregon City was handled by 1 freight and pas- senger and 1 towboat, that between Oregon City and Portland by 9 towboats, and that at Portland by 21 towboats. The usual limits of drafts for loaded boats are 2 feet for those operating above Oregon City, 5 feet for those operating between Oregon City and Portland, and 7 feet for those operating at Port- land. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1763 Comparative statement. Freight. Rafted timber. Calendar year. - Passengers. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1918............................. 273,224 $9,085,940 359,171 $2,693,229 1,131 1919.............................350,660 11,878,730 313,346 3,086,960 1,467 1920.............................. .731,167 17,158,343 552,881 6,013,266 883 1921.............................. 783,500 11,568,997 404,396 2,971,686 438 1922.............................620,306 18,322,440 593,808 4,118,290 362 All of the traffic reported in the statement was destined to or from points on the Willamette River. In addition to the rafted timber, the principal commodities moved during the calendar year 1922 were grains, lumber, paper, paper base stock, wood for fuel, fuel oil, sand and gravel, sulphur, and iron and steel. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $6,704.46: New work -------------------------- $497, 048. 94 Maintenance ---------------------------------------- 577, 209. 66 Net total expended ____________--____ _______ __ 1, 074, 258. 60 Total appropriations to date of this report-----------------1, 1,107, 948. 12 Fiscalyear ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work...... .............. ........... . .. . .. Expended for maintenance 1..... $30, 414. 80 $48256.07 $26, 691. 73 $11,381.38 $23, 507. 29 Appropriated or allotted......... 54,000.00 20,000.00 10,000.00 30, 648. 12 25,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------------ $32, 024. 61 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923-- _____--------- 25, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923___--- __________ 172. 20 57, 196. 81 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance __-------------------------------------__---------23, 507. 29 July 1, 1923. balance unexpended--------------------------- 33, 689. 52 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------- -- 8,722. 23 July 1, 1923, balance available-- -------------------------- 24, 967. 29 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project --------------------------------------- 53, 900. 00 Amount that can be profitabl, expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance -------------------------------- 27, 000. 00 6. WILLAMETTE RIVER AT WILLAMETTE FALLS, OREG. (B3.) The project for this improvement is about 98 per cent complete. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year, and there is no 1Not deductin' receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1764 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U.-S. ARMY, 1923. balance available. The traffic above the locks is limited to a few boats drawing from 2 to 4 feet of water. As there is a controlling low-water depth of 6 feet in the locks and lower entrance, and 5 feet in the upper entrance, with no reasonable prospect of traffic requiring any greater depth of channel no further work is proposed. For a full description of this project see Annual Report for 1922, page 1907. For statement of commerce through the locks see report on operating and care of canal and locks at Willamette Falls, Oreg., page 1775. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $14,607.99: New work_ - Maintenance ____ - _ ------------- 1$377, 122. 20 Total appropriations to date of this report-..- 377, 122. 20 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work...... . .... .................. Expended for maintenance ..... $57,280.79 $12,162.04 $1,705.23 .. . ............. Appropriated or allotted.................................................................................. Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923---------------- $2, 877. 80 Deduction on account of amount carried to surplus fund of the Treasury, Sept. 1, 1923 ----------------------------------- 2, 877. 80 7. LEWIS RIVER, WASH. (B4.) Location and description.-The Lewis River rises in the Cascade Range in the State of Washington, flows westerly and southwesterly 110 miles and empties into the Columbia River about 26 miles below Portland. About 34 miles above its mouth the river separates into two branches, the North Fork, about 106 miles, and the East Fork, about 36 miles in length. The drainage area is about 1,070 square miles, and the average minimum discharge during September and October is about 1,300 second-feet at Ariel (Runyon), on the North Fork 23 miles above the mouth. The stream is tidal to La Center, on the East Fork, and to Woodland, on the North Fork, 64 and 74 miles, respectively, above the mouth. The average fall per mile at low water from, Woodland to the forks is about 0.90 foot, from La Center to the forks about 0.17 foot, and from the forks to the mouth of the river about 0.70 foot. Average width between banks on the main river about 500 feet and on the East and North Forks from 150 to 200 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 6153 and 6154.) Originalcondition.-The river was obstructed by snags, overhang- ing trees, and shoals and was navigable for small, light-draft boats only. La Center, on the East Fork, 61 miles, and Woodland, on the North Fork, 74 miles above the mouth, were the heads of navigation, 1In addition. $300,000 was expended from Not deducting receipts ,from sales, etc. contributed funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS---SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1765 respectively. Logging operations on the North Fork were carried on for about 45 miles above the mouth. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 3, 1899, and modified by the river and har- bor act of June 13, 1902. The amount expended thereunder prior to commencement of work under the existing project in 1914 was $30,350, of which $22,251.62 was for new work and $8,098.38 for maintenance. For further details of previous project see page 2001, Annual Report for 1915. Emisting project.-This provides for a low-water channel 6 feet deep and 50 feet wide to the forks (31 miles); 4 feet deep and 50 feet wide on the East Fork from its mouth to La Center (3 miles); 4 feet deep and 50 feet wide on the North Fork from its mouth to Woodland (3~ miles), to be secured by dredging and by the con- struction of regulating works and for clearing the channel to Run- yon (16 miles above Woodland). The variation of water level due to tides ranges from about 2 feet at the mouth to 11 feet at La Center and zero at Woodland. During freshets a stage of about 18 feet in the main river is reached. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1913, is $61,500, exclusive of amounts expended under pre- vious projects. The latest (1913) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $6,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1913 (H. Doc. No.28, 62d Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map see page 3557 of Annual Report for 1904. Recommended modifications of pro ect.--None. Local cooperation.-None required by law. About one-half mile below Woodland the county authorities have expended approxi- mately $10,000, and at Robinson Bend, about 2 miles above Wood- land, $25,000, on bank revetment; and the Lewis River Boom & Log- ging Co. built three pile and brush jetties about 1 mile above the mouth at an estimated cost of $1,500. Terminal facilities.-At La Center, on the East Fork, and at Wood- land, on the North Fork, respectively, the terminals, pile and timber structures, are publicly owned and are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement on both the East and North Forks of the river has extended the period of low-water navi- gation. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. The total expenditure during the year was $2,195.71 for maintenance of plant. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 79 per cent completed. The work done has extended the period of low water navigation to Woodland and LaCenter, to which points the controlling depths are about 2 feet and 1 foot, respectively. The controlling depth to Runyon in 1909 was about 1 foot at low water. The work remaining to be done consists in dredging, bank revetment, and construction of auxiliary works. The total amount expended under the existing project was $88,130.25, of which $36,797.11 was for new work and $51,333.14 for maintenance. 1766 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINE RS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Proposed operations.--The funds unexpended will be exhausted by June 30, 1925, and will be applied for new work and maintenance, as follows: New work: Construction of dams, dikes, bank revetment, etc--------- $9, 300 Engineering and contingencies---- -------------.- -1, 000 - $10, 300 Maintenance: Operation and repair of dredgo Monticello and tender------ 7, 000 Engineering and contingencies --_ _-_ _______------- 870 7, 870 Total for new work and maintenance_- .__--- ______1_____ 8, 170 Work will be done as conditions indicate the necessity therefor. Commercial statistics.--Of the 24,947 tons of freight moved on the Lewis River during the calendar year 1922, 24,487 tons were sand and gravel having an estimated value of $16,400. The 13,541 tons of rafted timbers were towed from booms on the main river to points on the Columbia and Willamette Rivers. All of the traffic required the project depth fQr its accomodation. Because advantage is taken of the tides the usual limits of drafts for loaded boats operating on the river are 24 feet for those on the east fork, 4 feet for those on the north fork, and 5 feet for those on the main river. The freight and rafted timbers were handled by 8 inland towboats. Comparative statement. Preight~ Rafted timbers. Calendar year, Passen- Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1918 ............... ... .. 165317 l ,77, 924 75,257 54,427 2,881 1919 ............................. 19,130 274 451 14 411 144, 110 980 1920............................ 13,670 1 97,05 4 15, 794 2,142,128 198 1921 ....................... ... 4, 052 355 952 58, 957 461,379 20 1922 .. ............ ......... 24,947 74,216 13,41 101, 57 0 All the traffic reported in the statement was destined to or from points on the Lewis River. In addition to the rafted timbers, the principal commodities moved during the calendar year 1922 were sand and gravel. The decrease in the package freight and passenger business is due to motor vehicle competition, and that in the rafted timbers to de- creased logging operations in the vicinity of Lewis River. Finaneialswmmary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,598.82: New work ----------------------------------------- $59, 048. 73 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 59, 431. 52 Net total expended-------------------------------118, 480.25 Total appropriations to date of this report 6, 650. 00 13------------------- RIVERS AND HARBORS--SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1767 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1....... $3,842. 22 $4,720.00. Expended for maintenance 1... 14, 603. 41 8, 223.91 $7, 054 72.$1, 670. 40 $2, 195. 71 Total expended 1.......... 18, 445. 63 12, 943.91 7,054. 72 1,670. 40 2,195.71 Appropriated or allotted......... 25,500.00 6,000.00 5,100.00 17,700.00 ............. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended 365. 46 $------------------------20 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance -------------------------------------------- 2, 195. 71 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------------------- 18, 169. 75 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project__________-___- - __------___ - 114,400.00 8. COWLITZ RIVER, WASH. (B5.) Location and description.-The Cowlitz River rises in the Cascade Range in the State of Washington, flows westerly and southerly about 120 miles and empties into the Columbia River about 45 miles below Portland. The drainage area is about 2,460 square miles and the low-water discharge at Toledo, about 37 miles above the mouth, during September is about 1,300 second-feet. The stream is tidal to Ostrander, about 9 miles above the mouth, and the average fall per mile at low water from Toledo to Castle Rock is about 3.3 feet, from Castle Rock to Ostrander about 2.5 feet, and from Ostrander to the mouth about 0.30 of a foot. The average width between the banks is about 1,000 feet near the mouth and 500 feet at Toledo. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6153.) Original condition.-The river was obstructed by snags, drifts, and shoals, and had a minimum usable low-water depth of about 14 inches. Toledo, 37 miles above the mouth, was the head of regular steamboat navigation. When the river was high, light-draft boats proceeded about 10 miles above Toledo. Logging operations were carried on about 50 miles farther upstream. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 14, 1880, and the total amount expended thereunder prior to commencement of work under the existing proj- ect, in 1912, was $53,182.93, of which $4,999 was for new work and $48,183.93 for maintenance. For further details of previous project see page 2000 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 4 feet deep and 50 feet wide from the mouth to Ostrander (9 miles), thence 2j feet deep and 50 feet wide to Castle Rock (10 miles), and thence 2 feet deep. at low water and not less than 40 feet wide to Toledo (18 miles), to be secured by snagging, dredging, and regulating works. The water level, due to tides, varies from 4 feet at the mouth to zero at Ostran- der, and there is an extreme fluctuation of about 20 feet during freshets. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1912, is $39,100, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. IExclusive of available funds. 1768 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The latest (1910) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $6,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 1167, 60th Cong., 2d sess., from the mouth to Castle Rock, and H. Doc. No. 404, 61st Cong., 2d sess., from Castle Rock to Toledo). For latest published map see House Document No. 1167, Sixtieth Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions requiring local cooperation have been prescribed by Congress. However, since 1898 persons interested in the improvement of the river have furnished the funds for and built a total of approximately 1,900 linear feet of pile, brush, and rock jetties at Monticello, Clarks, Ostrander, Old Lex- ington, and Big Sandy Bars, at an estimated cost of $8,400. In ad- dition, dredging between Kelso and Ostrander has been done at an estimated cost of $2,000. Terminal facilities.-At Kelso, Castle Rock, and Toledo, respec- tively, the terminals are owned by the transportation company oper- ating on the stream. The docks and wharves are of pile and timber construction and are considered adequate for the present commerce. At Kelso a public landing is provided for the use of barges, gasoline boats, and small craft. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The channel to Toledo is navigable at a lower stage of water than formerly, and the period during which navigation is not possible and during which freight for Toledo must be brought in by rail to Winlock and by wagon thence to Toledo is thus reduced. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. The total amount expended during the year was $1,763.25 for maintenance of plant. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1913. The controlling depth, June, 1922, between the mouth and Ostrander was about 2 feet, and to Toledo, January, 1918, about 2 feet at low water. During high water the stream is navigable for light-draft boats about 10 miles above Toledo. At extreme low water during September and October steamboat navigation above Ostrander usually is suspended. The total amount expended under the existing project was $92,930.32, of which $33,824.29 was for new work and $59,106.03 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended will be exhausted by June 30, 1924, and will be applied to maintenance, as follows: Outstanding liabilities--------------------- -------------------- $18 Qperation and repair of dredge Monticello and tender---------------5, 600 Construction of and repairs to auxiliary works--------------------2, 500 Engineering and contingencies-------------- 118 1-------------------- 9, 236 Work will be done as conditions indicate the necessity therefor. Commercial statistics.-Of the 35,217 tons of freight moved on the Cowlitz River during the calendar year 1922, about 85 per cent re- quired the full project depth from the mouth of the river to Kelso, Wash., and 15 per cent the full project depth to Ostrander, Wash. The 186,503 tons of rafted timbers required the full project depth RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1769 to Ostrander. The usual limit of draft for a loaded boat operating on the stream is 3 feet; however, by taking advantage of the tides, boats of 4 feet draft may operate from the mouth of the river to Kelso. The freight traffic was handled by 2 inland freight and pas- senger boats and the rafted timbers by 19 inland towboats. Comparative statement. Freight. Rafted timbers. Calendar year. Passen- gers. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1918..... ..................... . 13,145 $622,735 388, 943 $2, 907, 869 2,151 1919 .... .............. .... . 28, 929 847, 720 226, 622 2,244, 953 1,442 1920. ... ................... 6, 037 321, 490 213, 883 2,350,395.. 1921 ......................... 2,839 323, 990 176,314 1,434,180 250 1922 ........................ 35, 217 1,903,650 186,503 1,383,701 375 All the traffic reported in the statement was destined to or from points on the Cowlitz River. In addition to the rafted timbers, the principal commodities moved during the calendar year 1922 were horses, millfeed, building ma- terials, and merchandise. The increase in the freight business was due to the establishment of the new town of Longview, Wash. Financial surimary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after de lucting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2,186.83: New work-----------------------------------------------__ $38, 823. 29 Maintenance ____________--------_____- 107, 289. 96 Net total expended ______________________ ______ 146, 113. 25 Total appropriations to date of this report_____________ _ 155, 350. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work....... Expended for maintenance 1.... ............ $5, 033.50 .. ........ $9, 143.36 ...... $5,767.71 ..... . $1.89 .......... $1,763.25 Appropriated or allotted......... 12, 00. 00 5, 000.00 500.00 11,000.00............. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--___---------_------- --- __-- $11, 000. 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 1, 763. 25 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-- ----------------- 9, 236.75 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------ ------------- ---------- 17.54 July 1, 1923, balance available_ ----- _------------------------ 9,219.21 9. SKAMOKAWA CREEK, WASH. (B6.) Location and description.-Skamokawa Creek rises in Wahkiakum County, in the southwestern part of the State of Washington, flows southwesterly and southerly about 10 miles, and empties into the Columbia River about 34 miles from the mouth. The creek has three 1770 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923, branches, which unite about 14 miles above its mouth. The drainage area is about 40 square miles. The lower portion, 14 miles, of the creek is tidal. The average width between banks on this section of the creek is from 75 feet on the upper portion to about 600 feet near the mouth. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6152.) Original condition.-From the mouth of the stream to the forks, the head of navigation, about 14 miles, the channel is obstructed by shoals, over which there was a minimum usable depth of about 21 feet at mean low water from Steamboat Slough to Brooks Slough and about 1 foot thence to the head of navigation. Above this point the branches were too small and crooked for navigation. Logging was carried on for a considerable distance above the forks. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 64 feet deep at mean low water and 75 feet wide on the bottom between Steamboat and Brooks Slough, about 1,600 feet. The variation of water level due to tides is about 5 feet and to freshets about 12 feet. The latest (1919) approved estimate of cost is $2,400 for new work and $1,000 for annual maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 111, 63d Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There are three privately owned wharves, one on Steamboat Slough and two above Brooks Slough, used for general freight and passenger purposes, and these are considered ade- quate for the present or prospective demands of commerce. Effect of improvement.--A safer and easier channel has been pro- vided at a lower stage of water than prior to the improvement. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The U. S. bucket dredge Monticello removed 12,831 cubic yards of material from the bed of the creek between Steamboat Slough and Brooks Slough, forming a channel about 1,600 feet long, 75 feet wide on the bottom, and 64 feet deep at mean low water, at a field cost of $1,925.23.. The work was done by Government plant and hired labor. The amount expended during the year was $898.90 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is completed. The controlling depth is 64 feet at mean low water over the stretch of river under improvement. The total amount expended under the existing project was $3,298.90 of which $2,400 was for new work and $898.90 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended will be exhausted by June 30, 1924, and will be applied as follows: Outstanding liabilit'es ______---_-----________ -$900 Repairs to dredge Monticello and tender__ __ ______-_ _ ---- __-- 201 1, 101 The funds that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, are for maintenance, as follows: Operation and repair of dredge Monticello and tender______-- - $1, 750 Engineering and contingencies ___----- --------- 250 2, 000 RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1771 Maintenance of the channel is necessary to prevent accumulation of d6bris and silt in the channel caused by annual freshets. The amount estimated is the minimum that can be profitably expended. Conmercial statistics.--All the traffic on Skamokawa Creek, dur- ing the calendar year 1922, required the full project depth for its accommodation. The usual limit of draft, for loaded boats operating on the creek, is 6 feet. The freight and passenger traffic was handled by 2 inland freight and passenger boats and the rafted timbers by 17 inland towboats. Comparative statement. Freight. Rafted timbers. Calendar year. Passengers. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1918 ............................ 1,408 $108,139 36, 000 $270, 000 223 1919............................ , 535 89, 549 44, 305 443, 050 600 1920.......... ... ............ 1, 349 . 107, 406 62, 374 686, 114 . 387 1921............................ 1, 477 102, 990 25,000 187,500 4 1922.......... ........... ... .... 438 45,440 92, 648 694, 860 0 All the traffic reported in the statement was destined to or from points on Skamokawa Creek. In addition to the rafted timbers, the principal commodities moved during the calendar year 1922 were millfeed, merchandise, gasoline, and machinery. The increase in rafted timbers was due to increased logging operations near Skamokawa Creek. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work -------- $2, 400. 00 Maintenance 98. 90 8-------------------- Net total expended --------------------------------------- 3, 298. 90 Total appropriations to date of this report------------ __ 4, 400. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work................ . .$2,400.00 .. Expended for maintenance .......... ........................... ......... .. $898.90 Appropriated or allotted........ $2,400.00 :............ ............... 2,000.00 .. ... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------------- $2,000. 00 Jne 30, 192,, amount eZpended during fiscal year, for maintenance__ 898. 90 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-------------------------------1, 101. 10 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities----- -------------------- 900. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available -------------------- 201. 10 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance ----------------- _-------- _ - 2, 000. 00 SExclusive of available funds. 1772 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1P 3. 10. GRAYS RIVER, WASH. (BT.) Location and description.-Grays River rises in the Coast Range in the State of Washington, flows southwesterly about 30 miles, and empties into Grays Bay in the estuary of the Columbia River nearly opposite the city of Astoria. The drainage area is about 130 square miles, and the low-water discharge during July and August is esti- mated at about 120 second-feet. The stream is tidal to Grays River, about 8 miles above the mouth, and the estimated fall per mile at low water is about 0.25 of a foot. The average width between the banks is about 250 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6151.) Original condition.-The channel was narrow and winding, ob- structed by snags, logs, overhanging trees, and shoals. The town of Grays River, about 8 miles above the mouth, was the head of steam- boat navigation, to which point there was a minimum usable depth of about 3 feet at mean low water. Logging was carried on for some distance above the town. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the removal of snags and other obstructions from the channel and overhanging trees from the banks between the mouth and the town of Grays River, 8 miles. The tidal range at the mouth between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is about 8 feet, and the extreme range is about 12 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1907, is $2,500. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $500. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907 (R. and H. Com. Doe. No. 1, 59th Cong., 2d sess.). There is no published map. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The terminals are natural landings or small wharves, privately owned, and are considered adequate for the pres- ent commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doec. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The channel is safe and easy of naviga- tion at a lower stage of water than prior to the improvement. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions. The total amount expended was $21.96 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1909. The regular steamboat service on the stream is regulated according to the tides, and there is a fairly good navigable channel to the town of Grays River, over which a maximum draft of about 2 feet can be carried at mean low water, The total.amount expended under the existing project was $5,521.96, of which $2,500 was for the new work and $3,021.96 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended will be exhausted by June 30, 1924, and will be applied to maintenance, as follows: Snagging and removing other obstructions-----.....-----------.$1, 800 Engineering and contingencies..--.. -------- -- 178 1, 978 RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1773 The funds that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, are for maintenance, as follows: Snagging and removing other obstructions__-______-------- $1, 800 Engineering and contingencies-- __---__-__ - - -_____-___200 2, 000 This amount is necessary to keep the channel clear of snags and shoals caused by annual freshets, and is the minimum that can be profitably expended. Commercial statistics.-All of the freight and passenger traffic on Grays River, during the calendar year 1922, required the full project depth for its accomnrodation. The rafted timbers required the full project depth for from - to 3 miles above the mouth of the river. The usual limits of drafts for loaded boats are 5 feet for those operating to 8 miles above the mouth of the river, and by taking advantage of the tides boats with drafts of 6 feet operate to 3 miles above the mouth. The freight and passenger traffic was handled by 4 inland freight and passenger boats and the rafted timbers by 13 towboats. Comparative statement. Freight. Rafted timbers. Calendar year. Passengers. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1918 ........................... 7, 284 $1, 061, 817 38, 595 $289, 462 10, 000 1919............................. 10,216 2, 016, 997 40,207 402, 070 10, 000 1920............ .................. 5,112 524, 701 25,134 276, 474 8,000 1921 922 762, 072 12, 215 6............................ 91, 613 8, 000 1922 ........................... 23 275 1,578 368 71, 092 533,190 9, 000 All the traffic reported in the statement was destined to or from points on Grays River. In addition to the rafted timbers, the principal commodities moved during the calendar year 1922 were grains, millfeed, merchandise, shingles, fuel oil, and machinery. The increase in the tonnage was due to increased logging operations in vicinity of Grays River. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work_-------------------------------- ----------- $2, 500. 00 Maintenance--------------- ----------------------- 3,021.96 Net total expended__-------------------------- ---- 5, 521. 96 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 7, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............ .......................... ............ Expended for maintenance..... I.............. $934. 86 $65.14 ........... .$21.96 Appropriated or allotted........ $500.00 .................. .. $2,000.00 ........... 1774 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------------- $2, 000. 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance__ 21. 96 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended - ---------------------------- 1, 978.04 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: for maintenance------------------------------------ 12, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCTIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP B. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from' sales, etc., amounting to $26,684.93: New work------------------------------------ $992, 747. 34 Maintenance -------- 771, 340. 99 Net total expended 764, 088. 33 1----------------------------- Total appropriations to date of this report------------------- 1, 836, 996. 61 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1.....$.. $61, 123. 01 $19,282.04 $1, 705. 23 ........ $266. 88 Expended for maintenance 1.... 53, 851. 80 68,226.90 39, 601.32 $21, 004.49 34, 587. 11 Total expended 1.......... 114, 974.81 87,508.94 41,306.55 21,004.49 34, 853.99 Appropriated or allotted......... 98, 000. 00 31,000..00 15, 600.00 77, 498.94 34, 000. 00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended --------------------------- $73, 590. 07 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923 ------------------------------------------------ 34, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923--__------------- 3, 050. 00 110, 640.07 Deduction on account of amount carried to surplus fund of the Treasury ------------------------------ 2, 877. 80 107,762. 27 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work-------------------------------- $266. 88 For maintenance .------------------------- 34, 587.11 34, 853.90 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -------------------------- 72, 908. 28 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities --------------------------- 9, 639. 77 July 1, 1923, balance available, including $12,449.75 available only for maintenance ---------- ----------------------------- 63,268. 51 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existingexistig project proect---__--__ ------------------------------------ _ 14, 400. 00 140.0 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance -------------------------------- 38, 000. 00 11. OPERATING AND CARE OF CANAL AND LOCKS AT WILLA.METTE FALLS, OREG. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Willamette River at Willamette Falls, Oreg. See page 1763, where general information regarding 1Exclusive of available funds. * Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SECOND PORTLAND, OREG., DISTRICT. 1775 improvemenits can be found. The completed canal and locks have been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite ap- propriation since April 26, 1915. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operations consisted of repairing fenders, lock gates, sills, and walls, and general policing and care of locks, grounds, buildings, and operating machinery, re- sulting in affording continuous operation during the year, except five and a half days when the locks were closed on account of high water. All of the work was done by hired labor with Government plant. Total expenditures for the year for maintenance under allotments from permanent indefinite appropriation amounted to $22,247.81. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The depth over the miter sills is 6 feet at low water. The locks and ground are in good condition and continuously serviceable except for short periods when high water prevents. These locks are extensively used, mainly for traffic pertaining to the Crown Willamette Paper Co., situated adjacent thereto. Total expenditures for maintenance have been from the per- manent indefinite appropriation, and amount to $108,624.28. Terminal facilities.---There is no public highway leading to the locks. The Crown Willamette Paper Co. have constructed a timber dock about 850 feet in length, extending to and supported by the concrete division wall built in the lock canal by the United States. This dock is used mainly for the shipment of their products and receipt of material and supplies. For terminal facilities on the Wil- lamette and Yamhill Rivers, see page 1761. Proposed operations.-The canal and locks will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics. -The usual limits of drafts for loaded boats using the canal and locks at Willamette Falls, Oreg., are 2 feet for those operating above the locks and 5 feet for those operat- ing below the locks. The traffic above the locks was handled by one freight and passenger and one towboat, and that below the locks by nine towboats. Comparative statement. Freight. Rafted timbers. Calendar year. Passengers. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1918........................... 89,916 $6,334,724 25,903 $170,816 923 1919............................. 118,741 9, 855,813 16, 856 128,060 1,467 1920......... ................. 145,982 11,974,759 24,625 202,450 833 1921............................. 160,846 10,239,922 54, 885 350,353 468 1922........................... 287,036 17,554,983 204, 540 1,176,280 362 All the traffic reported in the statement used the improvement. In addition to the timbers, the principal commodities that passed through the canal and locks during the calendar year 1922, were grain, lumber, paper, paper base stock, wood for fuel, sand and gravel, sulphur, iron and steel, and machinery. The increase in the traffic was due to increased shipments to and from the mills alongside the canal, and increased logging operations above Oregon City. 61637--ENG 1923-----112 1776 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 12. OPERATING AND CARE OF LOCK AND DAM IN YAMHILL RIVER, OREG. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Willamette River above Portland and Yamhill River, Oreg. See pages 1759 to 1763, where general infor- mation regarding the improvement can be found. The completed lock and dam has been operated and maintained under the perma- nent indefinite appropriation since September 24, 1900. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Operationsconsisted in minor repairs to the locks, policing of grounds, and care of operating machinery, resulting in affording, except when closed on account of high water, continuous operations during the year. The work ac- complished during the year was done by hired labor with Govern- ment plant. Total expenditures for the year for maintenance under allotments from permanent indefinite appropriation amounted to $1,332.44. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The depth over the lock miter sills at low water is 4 feet. The lock and grounds are in good con- dition and continuously serviceable except for short periods when high water prevents. Practically no use is made of this lock. (For further details see table, p. 1760.) Total expenditures for mainte- nance have been from the permanent indefinite appropriation and amount to $61,961.32. Terminal facilities.-A country road in good condition leads from Lafayette, 1 miles, to the locks. There are no terminal facilities at the locks. For terminal facilities on the Willamette and Yamhill Rivers, see page 1761. Proposed operations.-The lock and dam will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by seotion 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-No traffic passed through Yamhill Lock during the calendar year 1922. The usual limit of draft for a loaded boat using the lock is 2 feet. Comparative statement. Freight. Rafted timbers. Calendar year. Passengers. Short tons. Value. Short tons. Value. 1918....... ...................... 168 $8,399 595 $3,862 3 1919 ........................... 34 2,890 190 1,900 4 1920.......... ................. 2 160 300 3,300 0 1921 ................ ......... 1 220 2,097 15,727 26 1922............ ................ 0 0 0 0 Owing to interurban electric and motor vehicle service, steamboat service is not justified on Yamhill River. EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED SEPTEMBER 22, 1922. The local engineer was charged with the duty of making prelimi- nary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1777 1. North Portland Harbor (Oregon Slough), Oreg.: with a view to securing a channel three hundred feet wide and twenty-five feet deep at lower low water from the Interstate Bridge to the main ship channel of the Columbia River at the mouth of the Willamette River, including consideration of any proposition for cooperation on the part of local interests. 2. Deer Island Slough, Oreg. 3. Deep River, Wahkiahum County, Wash., and entrance thereto. 4. The Columbia River between the mouth of the Willamette River and the city of Vancouver, Wash., with a view to determining whether the United States should maintain the channel if it is deep- ened to 25 feet by the Port Commission of Vancouver, Wash. 5. Cowlitz * * * Rivers, Wash., with a view to preparing plans and estimates of cost for the prevention and control of floods on said rivers and their tributaries and to determining the extent to which the United States and local interests should cooperate in carrying out any plans recommended. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. This district includes the States of Washington and Idaho, except the basins of the Snake and lower Columbia Rivers, and Montana west of the Rocky Mountains. District engineers: Col. Edward H. Schulz, Corps of Engineers, to May 16, 1923; and First Lieut. K. M. Moore, Corps of Engineers, acting, May 16 to June 18, and Col. W. J. Barden, Corps of Engi- neers, since June 19, 1923. Division engineers: Col. J. B. Cavanaugh, Corps of Engineers, to August 1, 1922; Col. Edward H. Schulz, Corps of Engineers, to May 21, 1923; and Col. W. J. Barden, Corps of Engineers, since June 19, 1923. IMPROVEMENTS. Page. Page. 1. Willapa River and Harbor, 9. Tacoma Harbor, Wash _.._ 1797 Wash.------------------ 1777 10. Seattle Harbor, Wash _____ 1800 2. Grays Harbor and bar en- 11. Lake Washington Ship Ca- trance, Wash______------- 1782 nal, Wash_______________ 1803 3. Grays Harbor, inner portion, 12. Snohomish River, Wash____ 1808 between Aberdeen and the 13. Skagit River, Wash _______ 1810 entrance to said harbor, 14. Swinomish Slough, Wash___ 1813 and Chehalis River, Wash_ 1785 15. Anacortes Harbor, Wash___ 1815 4. Hoquiam River, Wash___.. 1787 16. Bellingham Harbor, Wash__ 1816 5. Puget Sound and its tribu- 17. Columbia River between We- tary waters, Wash_______ 1789 natchee and Kettle Fals, 6. Waterway connecting Port Wash ----------------- 1819 Townsend Bay and Oak 18. Operating and care of Lake Bay, Wash_ __ 1791 Washington Ship Canal, 7. Port Gamble Harbor, Wash_ 1793 Wash ----------------- 1821 8. Olympia Harbor, Wash.__ 1795 1. WILLAPA RIVER AND HARBOR, WASH. Location and description.-WillapaHarbor is an inlet of the Pa- cific Ocean, 30 miles north of the entrance to the Columbia River. It lies behind Leadbetter Point on the south and Cape Shoalwater on the north, at the mouth of the Willapa River. The entrance is about 2,000 feet wide and is obstructed by a bar. The harbor or bay is 1778 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. about 24 miles long from north to south and 12 miles wide. The Willapa River rises 30 miles east of the harbor and flows in a general westerly direction. Its width varies from 2,000 feet at the mouth to 200 feet at Willapa City, on the North Fork. The river is tidal for about 12 miles above its mouth, or to Willapa City, where there are a series of rapids with a fall of about 8 feet in one-half mile. The drainage area of the river and its tributaries is approximately 260 square miles. The North and Nasel Rivers are small streams empty- ing into the North and South Bays of Willapa Harbor, respectively. There are no discharge data available for these rivers. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6185.) Original condition.-The controlling depth over the bar was 23 feet at mean lower low water; 27 feet thence to the mouth of North River (12 miles); and 12 feet to South Bend (6 miles). From this point to Willapa City the controlling depth was limited by four shoals to 7 feet at mean lower low water. Above Willapa City the river was used for floating saw logs but was obstructed by snags. The head of navigation for steamboats on Willapa River was Wil- lapa City, 24 miles from the mouth of the bay. North and Nasel Rivers were navigable for launches and rowboats for varying dis- tances upstream, dependent on the stages of the tide, and were used for floating saw logs. North River was obstructed by a log jam about 6 miles from its mouth. The South Fork of the Willapa River was used by harbor steamers. Pre'vious projects.--The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 153, 1892, and modified by the river and harbor acts of August 18, 1894, March 3, 1899, June 13, 1902, and June 25, 1910, the latter act having provided for a channel 200 feet wide and 18 feet deep at mean lower low water from deep water in Willapa Bay to the junction of the North and South Forks of the Willapa River at Raymond, and a channel 18 feet deep at mean lower low water and 150 feet wide for a distance of 3,100 feet up the South Fork, with a closing dike at Mailboat Slough. (H. Doc. No. 524, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) The amount expended on original and modified projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1916 was $228,083.83 for improvement and $7,176.62 for maintenance, a total of $235,260.45. For further details of previous projects adopted prior to June 25, 1910, see page 2001 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 24 feet deep at mean lower low water and 200 feet wide from deep water in Willapa Bay to the forks of the river at Raymond, and 24 feet deep and 150 feet wide up the South Fork as far as the deep basin above the Cram lumber mill, and up the North Fork to a point opposite Twelfth Street, with a turning basin 250 feet wide, 350 feet long, and 24 feet deep at the latter point, and a closing dike at Mailboat Slough. The length of the section included in the project is 131 miles. The ex- treme tidal range at Willapa Bay entrance is 13.6 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 8.1 feet at the entrance and 9.6 feet at South Bend. The estimate of cost for new work revised in 1918 is $819,170, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved' estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1779 The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 27, 1916 (H. Doc. No. 706, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). This document contains the latest map of the locality. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Underthe provisions of the river and harbor ac t of June 25, 1910, local interests at Raymond were required to con- struct bulkheads, provide a place of deposit for material dredged from the South Fork, and pay one-half the cost of such dredging. These conditions were complied with to the satisfaction of the Chief of Engineers on March 16, 1911. In addition to the requirements of the act, the city of South Bend dredged about 800,000 cubic yards from in front of that city, creating two basins of 30-foot depth and 1 mile in length. The amount contributed by local interests and expended by the Engineer Department was $6,596.92. The approxi- mate cost of the work done by the city of South Bend was $125,000. Under the provisions of the river and harbor act of July 27, 1916, and of Public Resolution No. 11, Sixty-fifth Congress, first session, approved September 19, 1917, and section 4 of the river and harbor act of June 5, 1920, local interests must provide suitable places of deposit (including necessary bulkheads) for material dredged above the north limit of South Bend; pay the overhaul or extra cost, if any, in pumping material distances in excess 1,500 feet, if required to reach the dumping grounds provided, and also contribute $71,775 in cash toward the cost of the improvement. These conditions were complied with to the satisfaction of the Chief of Engineers on Octo- ber 22, 1920. Terminal facilities.-There are nine sawmill wharves, one city wharf, and one railway wharf on Willapa Harbor. The city and railway wharves are open to general public use. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.--Increased depths now available have re- sulted in the use of larger vessels and the development of an export trade heretofore impossible. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging in the North Fork and in the Willapa River below the forks by the U. S. dredge Oregon, and hired labor, was continued. A total of 1,843,800 cubic yards was removed, completing 30,940 feet of the channel. The sum of $125,866.63 was expended from United States funds and $6,941.10 from contributed funds, all for new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is about 68 per cent completed. The channel in the South Fork, 7,119 feet of the channel in the North Fork, and 30,800 feet of the channel in the main river were completed during the fiscal years 1921 to 1923. Under previous projects dikes were constructed to close Mailboat and Lauderbach Sloughs, log jam was removed and snag- ging done in the North River and snags removed from the Nasel River, and a channel dredged from 200 to 400 feet wide a d 18 feet deep at mean lower low water from Willapa Bay to the junetion of the North and South Forks near Raymond, and a channel 150 feet wide and 18 feet deep for a distance of 3,100 feet up the South Fork. The dikes are in good condition. The controliing depths at mean 1780 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. lower low water on June 30, 1923, were as follows: From deep water in Willapa Bay to the forks of the river at Raymond, 16 feet; in the South Fork, 24 feet; and in the North Fork, 14 feet. The work remaining to be done is the completion of dredging in sections 1 and 9, and rock removal in sections 3 and 4: The expenditures under the existing project were $257,722.75 from United States funds and $81,941.26 from contributed funds, all for new work. Proposed operations.-With the unexpended funds it is expected to complete the project. The dredging in the North Fork and in the Willapa River below the forks will be done by the U. S. dredge Oregon and will be finished about December 31, 1923. The rock removal in sections 3 and 4 will be done by contract and will be completed about December 1, 1924. Estimated expenditures are as follows: Outstanding liabilities_ _ _------ ----- $21, 151. 93 Dredging, 6 months operation of U. S. dredge Oregon 5, 000. 00 7--------- Rock removal by contract-------------------------------------- 155, 000. 00 Engineering and contingencies---------- ---------------------- 15, 000. 00 Balance for maintenance---------------------------------------55, 346. 87 Total------------------------------------- ---------- 321, 498. 80 No additional funds are needed during the fiscal year 1925 and no work other than the completion of the rock removal by contract is contemplated unless shoaling occurs. Commercial statistics.-The foreign and coastwise commerce, comprising 25 per cent of the total tonnage, consisted of 186,619 tons of lumber valued at $2,634,565, 12,363 tons of shingles valued at $319,641, and 1,500 tons of general merchandise valued at $346,- 500. This traffic required depths of 16 to 24 feet as follows: 16 to 19 feet, 34.8 per cent; 19 to 21 feet, 33.3 per cent; 21 to 24 feet, 31.9 per cent. The local traffic, comprising 75 per cent of the total tonnage, con- sisted of 638,391 tons of logs valued at $3,606,780, and 1,759 tons miscellaneous valued at $312,287. The local traffic required depths up to 9 feet. Comparative statement. 1 Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons.1 Value. Passengers. 1918.......... 471,525 $4,180,349 23 419 1921.......... 557,928 $4, 198,059 15, 165 1919........... 451,490 5 317,014 24,123 19222 ......... 840,632 7, 219,773 12, 332 1920........... 522,003 6,146,143 19, 406 1 Includes floated timbers. 2 Includes 638,391 tons rafted logs, value $3,606,780, but is exclusive of 4,949 tons car ferry traffic, valued at $101,687. Financialsummary. UNITED STATES FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to Juite 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $343.05:: New work----------------------- -- ---- $485, 806.58 Maintenance ------------------------------------ 7, 176. 62 Net total expended -- ----- ._-------------- -492, 983. 20 Total appropriations to date of this report --------- - - 814, 482. 00 RIVERS AND HARBORS--SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1781 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1.. ... ........ 66, 301.17 $65,808.90 $125, 866.63 Expended for maintenance 1 $466.01 $.... $459.39 ................................. Appropriated or allotted............ ......... ....... 30,000.00 265,000.00 160,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended --------------------------- $287, 350. 98 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923----------------------------------------- 160, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 ___ -- _____- _ 14. 45 447, 365. 43 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work '__ 125, 866. 63 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------------------------321, 498. 80 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-- 21, 151. 93 July 1, 1923, balance available-________--__--------------- 300, 346. 87 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ------------------------------------ $81, 941.26 Maintenance ..-- Contributed to date of this report. ________ ___-- - _____-- - 91, 775. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work......... ....................... $41,133.82 $33,866.34 $6,941.10 Expended for maintenance ....... ....................................................... Contributed ..................... ...................... 91,775.00..................... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended___ ------- ___----------- - $16, 774. 84 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work__-- 6,941. 10 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -------- ------------ 9, 833. 74 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities---------------------------- 446. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available------------------------------ 9, 387. 74 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR WIILLAPA RIVER AND HARBOR, WASH. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $343.05: New work -------- ---------------- -- -------- $567, 747.84 Maintenance -- ------------------------------- ------ 7, 176. 62 Net total expended---- ---------------------------- 574, 924. 46 Total appropriations and contributions to date of this report----- 906, 257. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1:........ ..... .. .... ........... ..... $107,434.99 $99, 675.24 $182, 807.73 Expended for maintenance 1..... $466.01 $459.39 .. ........................... Appropriated, allotted, or' con- tributed........ ...... ...... ......... ............ 121,775.00 265,000.00 160,000.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1782 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-- ---- __--- _____________ $304, 125. 82 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act.approved Mar. 2, 1923----------------------------- ------------ 160, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923____._______--- 14. 45 464, 140. 27 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work_ 132, 807. 73 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--------------- 331, 332. 54 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ________________----__ 21, 597. 93 July 1, 1923, balance available-----------------------------309, 734. 61 2. GRAYS HARBOR AND BAR ENTRANCE, WASH. Location and description.-Grays Harbor is a bay 17 miles long from east to west and 14 miles wide from north to south. It lies at the mouth of the Chehalis River, in the southwestern part of the State of Washington, 48 miles north of the entrance to the Columbia River. It is connected with the Pacific Ocean by a channel approxi- mately 12,500 feet wide and 2 miles long, between Point Brown on the north and Point Hanson on the south. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6195.) Original conditio.--The outer end of the channel connecting the bay with the Pacific Ocean was obstructed by a bar, convex to the sea, over which were several shifting channels having depths 12 and 13 feet at low water. The average width of the bar between the 18-foot curves was one-half mile. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel over the bar 24 feet deep at mean lower low water with a minimum width of 500 feet, to be obtained by the construction of a south high-tide rubble-stone jetty 18,154 feet long and a north mid-tide jetty 16,000 feet long, and by dredging with Government plant, the width between the westerly ends of the jetties being 6,500 feet. The extreme tidal ranges are 14.4 feet on the bar and 16.6 feet in the harbor. The ranges between mean lower low water and mean higher high water are 9.1 feet on the bar and 10.1 feet in the harbor. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1916, by adding $700,000 for a bar dredge, is $3,330,000, which also includes $1,630,000 for the north jetty and $1,000,000 for the south jetty. The latest (1916) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $85,000. The project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 3, 1896, provided for the south jetty (Annual Re- port for 1895, pp. 3517--3533); the act of June 25, 1910, made final provision for the north jetty (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 29, 61st Cong. 2d sess.); and the act of August 8, 1917, provides for dredg- ing (f. Doc. No. 1729, 64th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1916, page 3249. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No local cooperation was required by law. The necessary land for trestle approach and operating plant was donated to the United States by local interests. With funds con- tributed by the Port of Grays Harbor Commission the U. S. dredge 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1783 Col. P: S. Michie was employed for short periods during the fiscal years 1916 and 1917 in dredging on the bar and inner harbor. A total of 79,451 cubic yards was removed from the bar channel, at a cost of $15,393.33. The total cost of the Michie's operations was $22,889.45, of which $7,496.12 was expended on work on the inner harbor in 1916 when weather conditions prevented work on the bar. Terminal facilities.-There are 22 sawmill wharves, 5 miscella- neous wharves, 3 public wharves, and 1 railroad wharf, the last 4 being open for general public use. The port of Grays Harbor has in- operation a partly completed pier on its port property located between Aberdeen and Hoquiam. This pier has a storage shed and is equipped with a crane and other mechanical handling facilities. It has at present berthing capacity for 3 vessels, each 500 feet long. Work on completion of this pier is still in progress. These facilities are con- sidered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doec. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improveent.-The improvement has permitted the use of larger and more economical vessels suitable for export trade and has opened up better markets for the extensive timber products of Grays Harbor. Operations and results during fiscal year.-By hired labor and Government plant 92,222 cubic yards was removed from the bar channel. A total of $41,003.73 was expended for dredging, survey, and car, of property, all charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The percentage of completion of the project as at present authorized is about 80 per cent. The south jetty was completed in 1902 for a length of 13,734 feet, with a groin at station 1050. The north jetty was completed in 1915. The en- rockment of the north jetty, raised during 1916, has settled below the elevation of mean sea level. The outer 600 feet has been lowered by wave action below extreme low water and 700 feet about 1,200 feet cast of the outer end has been lowered to about 3 feet above mean lower low water. No work has been done on the south jetty since 1902, and the crest of the enrockment remains at or below ex- treme low water throughout practically its entire length. The con- trolling depth on the bar channel, ascertained in June, 1923, was 20 feet at mean lower low water. The work remaining to be done, exclusive of possible jetty extension, is the construction or purchase of a seagoing dredge and its operation on the bar. The expenditures were $2,604,447.17 for new work and $750,904.49 for maintenance, a total of $3,355,351.66. Proposed operation.-Unexpended funds will be used for neces- sary bar surveys, and for dredging. The rate of expenditures dur- ing the fiscal year 1924 will depend upon the availability of the dredge Michie. It is believed that the available funds will be ex- hausted by June 30, 1924; estimates are as follows: Maintenance: Survey of bar, December, 1923 --------------- $1,000.00 Survey of bar, June, 1924------------------------------- 4, 000. 00 , Operation of U. S. dredge Michie, approximately two and one- half months--------------------------------------- 44, 000. 00 Outstanding liabilities --- ___----------------------- -------- 1,084. 85 Overhead and office work, etc --------------------------- 11, 063. 49 Total ------------------- ---------------- 61, 148. 34 1784 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 ($100,000), will be applied t'o maintenance, as follows: Operating bar dredge, five months __ $90, 000 Surveys, overhead, etc ------------------- -- ----------------- 10, 000 Total ----------------------------------------------- 100, 000 The amount that can be profitably used for maintenance for the fiscal year 1925 is larger than the average expenditure for the last five years for the reason that it is expected that a dredge will be available for work throughout a greater portion of the year. This maintenance dredging is urgently needed. Commercial statistics.-The statistics give only the commerce cross- ing the outer bar, no internal traffic being included. The outbound cargoes consisted of 1,037,924 tons of lumber valued at $19,374,628, and 146 tons miscellaneous valued at $40,205. The inbound cargoes consisted of 30,869 tons fuel oil and gasoline valued at $926,862, 5,026 tons food products valued at $1,044,055, 1,100 tons hardware and wire rope valued at $283,858, and 5,224 tons miscellaneous valued at $1,072,185. The limits of draft were 17 to 24* feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918.................... 373,123 $5,792,943 1921 .................... 636,571 $8,821,602 1919.................... 433,299 9,536,038 1922 ...................... 1,180,289 22,741,793 1920.................... 625,437 14,429,471 No accurate data on passenger traffic could be obtained. Financial summ ary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $27,209.60: New work -------------------------------------------- $2, 604, 447. 17 Maintenance -------------------------------------------- 750, 904. 49 Net total expended ----------------------------------- 3, 355, 351. 66 Total appropriations to date of this report ----------------- 3, 416, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work ............................. ............. Expended for maintenance 1... $2, 067.42 $37, 221.22 $32, 524.29 $35, 406.74 $41, 003.73 Appropriated or allotted.... ........ ................... 10,000.00 36,000.00 .48,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------ $50, 963. 07 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923----------------------------------------- 48, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year, 1923_ -- _________- - 3, 189. 00 102, 152. 07 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 1 _ 41, 003. 73 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------- ------------ 61, 148. 34 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities---- -------------------- 1, 084. 85 July 1, 1923, balance available -- -- -- 60, 063. 49 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1785 Amount (estimated) required to be apprdpriated for completion of existing projedt ---- -------------- 1 $600, 000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance----------------------------------- 1100, 000. 00 3. GRAYS HARBOR, INNER PORTION, BETWEEN ABERDEEN AND THE ENTRANCE TO SAID-HARBOR AND CHEHALIS RIVER, WASH. Location and description.-See preceding report, " Grays Harbor and bar entrance, Wash." The inner harbor comprises two main channels, the south and the north, connecting the harbor proper with the Chehalis River at Aberdeen. The Chehalis River rises in the southwestern part of the State of Washington, about 40 miles east of the Pacific Ocean, flows in a general northwesterly direction, and empties into the eastern part of Grays Harbor. Its length is about 115 miles and its drainage area is approximately 1,970 square miles. The width varies from 500 to 1,200 feet. There are no discharge data available. The river is tidal for about 13 miles above its mouth. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6195.) Original condition.-The south channel of the inner harbor was shoal and little used. The north channel was obstructed by two shoals, one below Hoquiam and one between Hoquiam and Aberdeen, which linited the draft to Montesano to 8 feet at mean low water. The head of navigation for light-draft steamboats was Elma, 34 miles from the mouth. The upper portion of the river for a distance of approximately 50 miles above Elma was used for floating saw logs. Previous projects.-The original project for the Chehalis River was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882. The original project for the inner harbor was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892. The amount expended on both projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1907 and 1910 was $113,134.38 for new work and $37,415.45 for maintenance, a total of $150,549.83. For further details of previous projects see pages 2002- 2003 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 18 feet deep at mean lower low water and 200 feet wide from deep water in the bay below Hoquiam to Cosmopolis, on the Chehalis River, a distance of 15 miles, and for a channel 6 feet deep at mean lower low water and about 150 feet wide from Cosmopolis to Montesano, a distance of 8 miles, the latter channel requiring a small amount of dike work and annual snagging. The extreme tidal range at Hoquiam is 16.6 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 10.1 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1908, is $312,500, exclusive of amounts expended under previous proj- ects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of mainte- nance is $20,000. The project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1907, provided for the 18-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 507, 59th Cong., 1st sess.), and the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the 6-foot channel (H. Doc. No. 1125, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). For the latest maps see the latter document and the Annual Report for 1908, page 2288. Recommended modifications of project.-None. 1 Exclusive of available funds. 1786 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Local cooperation.-There was no local cooperation prior to the fiscal year 1920 except the dredging by the U. S. dredge Col. P. 8. Michie during 1916, when 64,957 cubic yards was removed from the inner harbor at a cost of $7,496.12. The Port of Grays Harbor Commission in January, 1919, agreed to undertake the future main- tenance of this improvement to a depth commensurate with the depth obtained on the outer bar by the United States. During the fiscal year 1920 the port commission contributed $25,000, which was ex- pended in connection with Government funds in removing 115,142 cubic yards near Grays Harbor City, and they have also dredged about 5,489,000 cubic yards, at an approximate cost of $514,000, in the inner harbor and- river. About 7.8 miles of the channel 175-200 feet wide, has been deepened to 24 feet at mean lower low water. Terminal facilities.-These are included in report on " Grays Har- bor and bar entrance." Effect of improvement.-A channel sufficient for present commercc has been obtained. Operations and results during the fiscal year.--No work was done by the Federal Government. The sum of $670.32 was expended for inspections and office expenses and charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1910. The dredging has aggregated 1,810,951 cubic yards for new work and 1,348,375 cubic yards for maintenance, including the dredging in cooperation with local interests, but not including the dredging by the port of Grays Harbor reported under Local co- operation. The controlling depth at mean lower low water, ascer- tained June 26, 1923, is 20 feet below Hoquiam, 24 feet between Hoquiam and Cosmopolis, and 6 feet between Cosmopolis and Monte- sano. The expenditure from United States funds under the exist- ing project was $238,188.26 for new work and $119,668.39 for main- tenance, a total of $357,856.65 and from contributed funds $25,000. Proposed operations.-No operations are contemplated other than the removal of obstructing snags, necessary surveys, inspections, etc., such as may be necessary to keep the channel open for navigation and to determine its condition. Unexpended funds ($2,093.52) are suffi- cient for this purpose until June 30, 1924. The sum of $2,000 can be profitably used for the same purpose during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. As the Port of Grays Harbor Commission has agreed to maintain this improvement to a depth commensurate with that obtained on the outer bar by the United States, no additional funds for dredging will be required. Commercial statistics,-The coastwise and foreign commerce, com- prising 32 per cent of the total tonnage, is the same as reported under Grays Harbor and bar entrance, requiring depths of 17 to 241 feet, the details being shown in that report. The internal traffic, 68 per cent of the total tonnage, consisted of 2,352,768 tons floated timbers, value $12,484,300, 73,870 tons lumber, value $1,846,750, 88,058 tons sand and gravel, value $69,570, 1,222 tons fresh fish, value $98,163, 16,628 tons miscellaneous, value $883,- 066, and required drafts of 5 to 11.5 feet. RTkEi 4AND HARBORS---SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1787 Comparative statement.1 Calendar year. Short tons.' Value. Calendar year. Short ton. ! Value. 1918 .................. 1, 332, 000 $12, 254, 554 1921..... .............. 1,908, 663 $8, 960, 552 1919................... 1,960,801 22, 798,937 1922 ................. 2,532,546 15,381,849 1920.... .. 1,671,922 13,826, 012 1The statistics for 1918 and 1919 include ocean traffic which is also carried under "Grays Harbor and bar entrance." The other totals are exclusive of traffic credited to Grays Harbor and bar entrance, in 1922, 1,180,289 tons valued at $22,741,753. 2 Includes floated timbers, in 1922, 2,352,768 tons, valued at $12,484,300. No reports of passenger traffic have been received. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $2,331.Q5: New work 351, 322. 64 $------------------ Maintenance --------------------------------------- 1157, 083. 84 Net total expended--- __- ______-_____-__ -- ____-- _ 508, 406. 48 Total appropriations to date of this report ------------------- 510, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............... ............................ ... .. .. .Expended for maintenance 2..... $28.5.51 $3,866.78 $180.52 .............. $670.32 Appropriated or allotted. ........ ....................... ............... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended _______--___ - -_______- $2, 763. 84 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance_ 670. 32 ---------- July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---- 2, 093. 52 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for mainltenance_ -_____ _____- - -____ - _ 82,000. 00 4. HOQUIAM RIVER, WASH. Location and description.-The Hoquiam River rises in the plateau west of Puget Sound, flows southward for about 12 miles, and emp- ties in Grays Harbor at Hoquiam, Wash. The average width be- tween banks is 350 feet. The river is tidal for its full length and the drainage area is about 100 square miles. There are no discharge data available. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6195.) Original condition.-The section covered by this improvement had a depth of approximately 20 feet at mean lower low water except at four localities where the channel was contracted and the depth re- duced to 11 and 16 feet by shoals. For a distance of 8 miles from the mouth the river was used for floating and towing logs. Previous projects.-None. 1 In addition to this amount, $25,000 was expended from contributed funds. SNot dedneting receipts from sales, etc. 8 Exelsive of available funds. 1788 REPORT" OF CHIEF OF ENGINEEBS, U. S. A MY, 1923. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 100 feet wide and 18 feet deep at mean lower low water from the mouth to the junction of the Little Hoquiam and the East Branch, a distance of about 2 miles. The extreme tidal range is 16.6 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 10.1 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1911, is $12,000. The latest (1911) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,000. The- project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 25, 1912 (H. Doc. No. 268, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). This document con- tains the latest map of the locality. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--Local interests were required to provide a place of deposit for dredged material free of cost to the United States. This material was used for filling the streets of the city of Hoquiam. Terminal facilities.-These are included in report on " Grays Har- bor and bar entrance." Effect of improvement.-Dredging has permitted the use of larger vessels and reduced the amount of lightering. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done except to furnish some explosives to the port of Grays Harbor for the purpose of removing some snags. The sum of $165.42 was ex- pended and charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1912 except at the upper end of the improvement, where a rock ledge was encountered which narrows the channel to about 50 feet. The controlling depth is 18 feet at mean lower low water. The amount expended for improvement was $8,620.59 and for main- tenance $2,379.41, a total of $11,000. Proposed operations.-No funds are available and no operations are contemplated. Commercial statistics.-The coastwise and foreign commerce, com- prising 19 per cent of the total tonnage, consisted of 179.926 tons lumber, valued at $2,958,929; 2,066 tons of groceries, valued at $635,502; 974 tons hardware, valued at $260,780; and 1,282 tons of miscellaneous merchandise, valued at $394,343. The internal traffic, comprising 81 per cent of the total tonnage, consisted of 660,053 tons of floated timbers, valued at $3,381,002; 39,000 tons of lumber, valued at $492,300; 88,058 tons of sand and gravel,' valued at $69,570; and 12,946 tons miscellaneous, valued at $619,694, and required drafts up to 111 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons.' Value. Calendar year. Short tons.' Value. 1918 .................... 401,384 $4,084,966 1921 .................... 490,739 $3,167,145 1919 .................... 558, 537 6,329,295 1922 ................ .. 984,305 8,812,120 1920....................... 643, 250 6,916,413 1Includes floated timbers, 660,053 tons, value $3,381,002 in 1922. No separate statistics were reported for the Hoquiam River prior to 1918. The foreign and coastwise traffic (184,248 tons, valued at RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1789 $4,249,554) included in above statement is also included in the statistics for " Grays Harbor and bar entrance " and the internal traffic (800,057 tons, valued at $4,562,566) is included in the sta- tistics for " Grays Harbor, inner portion, between Aberdeen and the entrance to said harbor and Chehalis River, Wash." Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work -------------------------------------- $8, 620. 59 Maintenance ----------- ----------------------- 2, 379. 41 Net total expended------------------------------ 11, 000. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report ----------------- 11, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........................ . ............... Expended for maintenance ................. $200.00 ............................ $165.42 Appropriated or allotted....... ....................... .... ......................... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended----------------------- $165. 42 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance -- 165. 42 5. PUGET SOUND AND ITS TRIBUTARY WATERS, WASH. Location and description.-Puget Sound is an arm of the Pacific Ocean, located in the western part of the State of Washington. This improvement includes maintenance work on all the larger rivers emptying into Puget Sound, the principal ones being the Skagit, Snohomish, Snoqualmie, Skykomish, Stilaguamish, Nooksak, Puyal- lup, and Duwamish, and connecting navigable sloughs, all of which are affected by the tide for a considerable distance. The improve- ment of these channels includes such stretches as are navigable in fact for river steamers and for the towing and rafting of logs and lumber products. (See U. S. Coast and Goedetic Survey charts Nos. 6300, 6450, and 6460.) Original condition.-The rivers tributary to Puget Sound were available for commerce, but were seriously obstructed by snags and other debris brought down by freshets. The distance to which the streams were navigable in fact depended on the stage of water and the tide. The upper stretches were used for towing log rafts and floating timber. Previous projects.-The original project was for the improvement of Skagit, Stilaguamish, Nooksak, Snohomish, and Snoqualmie Rivers, and was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 2, 1882. Under this project $67,495.58 was expended for maintenance prior to adoption of the existing project in 1892. For further de- tails of previous project see page 2003 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for maintenance work on the rivers tributary to Puget Sound by snagging and dredging. The estimate of cost' revised in 1918 is $20,000 annually. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892. 1790 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. (Annual Report for 1893, p. 3425.) The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1913, page 3127. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-The terminal facilities at the numerous har- bors on Puget Sound and its tributary waters are in general con- sidered adequate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-The snagging and dredging by the snag boat have kept the rivers open to navigation for steamers and for the towing and rafting of timber. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The snag boat Swino- mish was, operated during the year in snagging and dredging in the rivers and sloughs tributary to Puget Sound, and 2,218 snags, 126 piles, 19 trees, and 7,074 cubic yards of material were removed. All the work was done by hired labor. The total expenditures were $21,502.05, all of which was chargeable to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The work has consisted of snag- ging and dredging in the principal tributaries of Puget Sound. No permanent results are obtainable, but the maintenance of existing channels requires continuous operation of the snag boat. The con- trolling depths range from 1 to 40 feet at mean lower low water. The expenditures under the existing project were $43,336.92 for new work and $535,478.71 for maintenance, a total of $578,815.63. Proposed operations.-Snagging and removal of obstructions will be continued. Expenditures will be as follows: Maintenance : Operation of snag boat, 12 months, at $2,500_______________--$30, 000. 00 Repairs to snag boat-----------------------------------2, 000. 00 Inspection, office expenses, and miscellaneous bank repairs-... 4, 000. 00 36, 000.00 Outstanding liabilities _______________________1, 468. 78 Held in reserve for emergencies (June 30, 1924)----------- 8, 220. 01 Total --------------------------------------------- 45, 688. 79 The additional sum of $30,000 can be profitably used for opera- tioti of a snag boat and making miscellaneous inspections between July 1, 1924, and June 30, 1925, for maintenance. The operation of the snag boat is necessary to maintain the channels in Puget Sound and its tributary waters, which otherwise become so obstructed by snags as to interfere with logging and lumber operations. The amount required for maintenance for the fiscal year 1925 is larger than the average expenditures .for the last five years be- cause the snag boat has been engaged part of the time on other work in the district. Commercial statistics.-The traffic on Puget Sound and its tribu- tary waters is very large and is rapidly growing. It includes vessels of about every type and size in use throughout the world. The for- eign commerce consists mostly of the exportation of lumber, grain, fish, flour, and dairy products, and the importation of tea, silks, and hemp. The Skagit, Snohomish, Stilaguamish, and Puyallup Rivers can only be entered on tide, and vessels of 6 feet draft can navigate these streams on high tide. The Skykomish, Snoquilmie, and Nook- sak Rivers are used only by small launches and for floating logs. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1791 Comparative statement of commerce of tributary waters not included in statis- ties for specific improvements. Calendar year. Short tons.1 Value. Calendar year. Short tons.1 Value. 1918................. .. 29, 232 $848, 588 1921..................... 93,880 $1, 359,990 1919.................. 80, 437 3,163, 815 1922..................... 36, 411 1,053,988 1920 ................. ... 80,640 1,547,594 1 Includes floated timbers, 24,000 tons, valued at $120,000, in 1922. This statement includes Stilaguamish River only. Complete statistics are not available. No statistics on passenger traffic are available. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $6,952.58: New work ----------------------------------------- $43, 336. 92 Maintenance-- ------- 6--------- 602, 974. 29 Net total expended ______________----__-------646, 311.21 Total appropriations to date of this report 000. 00 6--------------------92, Fiscal year ending June 30. " 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work ......... EXpendd for maintenance' .... $21,917.75 5................ $18,071.20 $12,781.31..................... $19' 262.89 $21,502.05 Appropriated or allotted......... 37, 000.00 20, 000.00 21, 000. 00 30, 000.00 24,000. 00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended $----4,---------- -$1, 908 84 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923----------- ------------------------------ 24, 000.00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923__-------___ 1, 287. 00 67, 190. 84 June 30, - 1923, amount- - expended during fiscal year, for mainte- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - nance 21, 502. 05 Jely 1, 1923, balance unexpended- ------ --------------- 45, 688. 79 Jul 11,.11923 outstanding liabilitie--- ----------------------- 1, 468. 78 July 1, 1923, balance available -,------------------ --- 44, 2201 01 Amount that can bey p-ofltablty expended! in iscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance------ 30,000. 00 '----------------- 6. WATERWAY CONNECTING PORT TOWNSEND BAY AND OAK BAY, WASTE Location and description.--The canal conects two bays which are arms of Admiralty Inlet, on the west side of Puget Sound, in the northwestern part of the State of Washington, about 40 miles north e. of $Satt (SeetU. S. Coast Geodetic Survey chart No. 6405.) 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. Exclusive of available funds. 61637---~ 1923----113 1792 REPORT' OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Original condition.-The bays were separated by a gravel spit about 150 yards wide and one-quarter of a mile long, with shoals on each side. The highest point on the spit was about 29 feet above mean lower low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a canal 15 feet deep at mean lower low water, 75 feet wide on the bottom, for about 4,800 feet, and the construction of jetties to protect the channel at the southern or Oak Bay end, and a bulkhead for the retention of dredged material. The extreme tidal range is 16 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 8.8 feet in Port Townsend Bay and 9.6 feet in Oak Bay. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1915, is $77,500. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of M'arch 4, 1913. (H. Doc. No. 625, 62d Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1915, page 3441. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The act of March 4, 1913, required local in- terests to furnish a right of way and provide suitable places of de- posit for dredged material. These conditions were complied with and accepted by the Chief of Engineers on September 8, 1914. Terminal facilities.-There are no terminal facilities directly served by the improvement. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has provided a shel- tered passage for light-draft boats plying between up-Sound ports and points on Port Townsend Bay, and the free passage of log tows under weather conditions when they would otherwise be storm bound in Port Townsend Bay from 1 to 10 days, as they could not be towed past Marrowstone Point. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Repairs to the bulk- head on the west side of the channel were completed by deposit of 1,600 tons of rock and 20 cords of brush by hired labor and Govern- ment plant. The sum of $1,389.92 was expended and charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted during the fiscal year 1916. Shoaling was removed by hired dredge in 1916 and 1920. Soundings taken in May, 1922, showed the project depth available, and no shoaling is believed to have occurred. Repairs to the bulkhead on the west side of the channel were made during the fiscal years 1922 and 1923. The total expenditure was $73,322.35 for new work and $29,577.65 for maintenance, a total of $102,900. Proposed operations.-No operations are proposed during the fis- cal year 1924 except such supervision as may be necessary, for which there is sufficient money on hand. No additional funds are needed during the fiscal year 1925. Commercial statistics.-The commerce in 1922 consisted of 55,712 tons of floated timbers, valued at $304,486; 2,411 tons mineral oils, valued at $64,086; and 35,243 tons miscellaneous, valued at $3,134,- 018, and required drafts of 3 to 18 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1793 Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons.1 Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons.' Value. Passengers. 1918........... 137, 076 $2, 684,110 26, 652 1921.......... 80, 747 $2, 215, 382 5, 827 1919........... 60, 924 1.,677,371 () 1922.......... 93366 3,502, 590 6,359 1920........... 33,574 963,475 6,851 1Includes floated timbers, 55,712 tons, valued at $304,486, in 1922. 2 Not reported. Decrease in commerce for 1920 was due to business depression in territory served by steamer lines passing through canal. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1.50: New work----------------------- ----------------------- $73, 322. 35 Maintenance -------------------------------------------- 29, 577. 65 Net total expended----------------------------------- 102, 900. 00 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 112, 900. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work..... ........... ...................... ......... . Expended for maintenance 1..... 3,586.68 $19, 266. 65 .............. 8494. 75 389. $1, 92 Appropriated or allotted........ 12, 000.00 6, 000.00 ............... 10,000.00............. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------- ----- $11, 389. 92 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 1, 389. 92 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------------- 10, 000. 00 7. PORT GAMBLE HARBOR, WASH. Location and description.-PortGamble Harbor is on the east side of Hood Canal, 20 miles northwest of Seattle. The bay is 2 miles long and three-fourths of a mile wide, with an entrance less than 2,000 feet in width. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6450.) Original condition.-The depths in the bay were ample for all classes of vessels varying from 21 to 49 feet, but the entrance channel was narrow, with a controlling depth of 21 feet at mean lower low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 28 feet deep at mean lower low water, 150 feet wide, and about 2,500 feet long at the entrance to the bay. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 10.3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1917, is $24,000. No expense for maintenance is anticipated, as it is expected that the channel will be fairly perma- nent. 1794 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 851, 65th Cong., 2d sess.). This document con- tains the latest map of the locality. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Underthe provisions of the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, local interests were required to contribute one- half the cost of dredging, and to furnish suitable places of deposit and necessary bulkheads for the dredged material. These conditions were complied with and accepted by the Chief of Engineers on Au- gust 16, 1920. The actual cost exceeded the original estimate, and the entire additional cost was borne by local interests, the total cash con- tribution being $21,260.09. Terminal facilities.-These consist of the mill wharves, which are open to the public on payment of wharfage charges, and are con- sidered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The increased depths have enabled the use of deep-draft vessels for exportation of lumber products. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done and no money expended. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1920. The controlling depth in the entrance channel is 28 feet at mean lower low water. The total expenditures under the existing project were $33,171.17, of which $11,911.08 was from Fed- eral funds and $21,260.09 from contributed funds, all for new work. Proposed operations.-No operations are contemplated other than necessary surveys, inspections, etc., such as may be necessary to de- termine the condition of the channel and protect the navigable waters against encroachment. Unexpended funds are believed sufficient for this purpose until June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-The commerce in 1922 consisted of 129,407 tons logs and piles, valued at $688,995; 39,475 tons of lumber and lath, valued at $585,652; and 1,193 tons miscellaneous, valued at $79, 136, the limits of draft for coastwise and offshore vessels being 14 to 30 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Shorttons& Value. Calendar year. Short tons.x Value. 1918 .................... 126,204 $1,292,038 1921..................... 77,327 $7.1,3 1919....................... 95,483 1,642,098 1922 .................... 170,075 1,353,783 1920..................... 136,638 1,464,715 1 Includes floated timbers in 1922, 128,838 tons, valued at $688,99. Excludes car-ferry traffic, in 1922, 12,698 tons, valued at $214,47'3. No report on passenger traffic has been received. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 80, 1923: New work -. --------- ---- - $11, 911.08 Maintenance__ _ ------- --------- ------ Total appropriations to date of this report----.....-- .. ---------- 12, 500. 0 1 In addition to this amount, $21,260.09 was expended from contributed funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1795 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expendedfor new work.... ....................... $11,911.08 ............. ......... Expended for mainterane...... -......... ............ ....... .. .... .... .......... Appropriated or allotted.......... $12, 000.00 ............. ......... ...- $500.00 .00 ............ July 1, 1922., balance unexpended-------------------- ------------- $588.92 ---------------------------------- 588.92 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_ 8. OLYMPIA HARBOR, WASH. Location and description.--Olympia Harbor is near the southern end of Puget Sound at the head of Budd Inlet, about 45 miles south- west of Tacoma. The harbor is 21 miles long and 1 mile wide. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6462.) Original condition.--The southern end of the harbor was bare at low tide. The northern end had an available depth of about 3 feet at mean lower low water. Previou projectes-=None. Existig project.-This provides for a channel 12 feet deep at mean lower low water and 250 feet wide on the east side of the harbor from Fourth Street Bridge in Olympia to deep water in Budd Inlet, with a turning basin 500 feet wide at the inner end, and a channel 12 feet deep at mean lower low water and 200 feet wide on the west side of the harbor, with a turning basin 800 feet long and .400 feet wide. The extreme tidal range is 21 feet. The range be- tween mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 14.8 feet. The estimate of cost for new work is $147,000 (revised in 1899) for the east side of the harbor, and $58,000 (made in 1906) for the west side, a total of $205,000. The latest (1906) approved esti- mate for annual cost of maintenance is $1,160. The project was authorized by the following river and harbor aets: The act of July 13, 1892, provided for the channel on the east side of the harbor (H. Doe. No. 32, 52d Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1892, p. 2733), and the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the channel on the west side of the harbor (H. Doc. No. 405, 59th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in the Annual Report for 1903, page 2330. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Loa cooperation.--In accordance with the provisions of the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, local interests provided 4,620 feet of timber and brush bulkheads for retention of dredged material on the west waterway. The cost of this work is not known. In addi- tion, the city of Olympia has dredged the turning basins at the inner end of the improvement to a depth of 20 feet at mean lower low water, removing over 1,000,000 cubic yards, at a cost, including bulk- heads, of about $200,000. Terminal facilities.-There are six wharves, privately owned. Three are sawmill wharves, one a ship-outfitting wharf, one an oil wharf, and one open to general public use. These facilities are con- sidered barely adequate for existing commerce. (For a full descrip- tion of terminal facilities see H. Dc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of impovement.-There is strficient depth in the turning basins to accommodate all Sound steamers of less than 20-foot draft 1796 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. which can reach the Olympia wharves at favorable stages of the tide, and lightering of cargoes previously necessary has been eliminated. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done. The sum of $223.37 was expended for inspections and office expenses and charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Work under the existing project was completed in July, 1912. Soundings taken in April, 1922, indi- cate that channels of project depth exist with only slight shoaling in places. The amount expended to end of the fiscal year was $183,256.52 for new work and $19,521 for maintenance, including $8,662.50 for constructing a launch, making a total of $202,777.52. Proposed operations.-No operations are proposed during the fiscal year 1924 except such supervision as may be necessary, for which there is sufficient money on hand. No additional funds are needed during the fiscal year 1925. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of the harbor is of a gen- eral character. In 1922 it consisted of 561,987 tons logs, valued at $2,895,740; 27,668 tons lumber, valued at $450,749, 15,903 tons min- eral oils, valued at $375,800; 2,059 tons shellfish, valued at $279,803; and 39,754 tons miscellaneous, valued at $730,206, and required drafts of from 3 to 13 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons.1 Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers t 1918.......... 433 396 $3, 898, 513 4, 093 1921. ........ 332,804 $3,028, 829 (2) 1919. .......... 204,805 2, 688, 094 2,622 1922.......... 67, 371 4, 733, 298 (2) 1920........... 346633 3,377,226 (2) 1 Includes floated timbers. In 1922, 561,987 tons, valued at $2,895,740. 2Not reported. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923. after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $0.30: New work -$183, 256. 52 Maintenance ---------------------------- 19, 521. 00 Net total expended__------ ----- ----------------- 202, 777. 52 Total appropriations to date of this report_________-________ 203, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work... Expended for maintenance1 ..... $170.69 $247. 40 $39. 70 $199. 25 $223.37 Appropriated or allotted......... .................. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended $445. 85 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance.... 223.37 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended...--- 22. 48 2------------ RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1797 9. TACOMA HARBOR, WASH. Location and description.-This harbor embraces all of Commence- ment Bay, an arm of Puget Sound, 30 miles south of Seattle. This bay is about 2J miles wide and 4 miles long. Several waterways have been constructed and numerous others projected in the tide- lands at the head of the bay. Those under improvement are the city (or west) waterway and the Puyallup waterway. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6451.) Original condition.-A channel on the west side of the city water- way 200 feet wide and 25 feet deep at extreme low water had been dredged by the State of Washington and private owners of abutting lands from deep water to the Eleventh Street Bridge, a distance of approximately 4,000 feet. The remainder of the waterway was bare at extrenie low tide. There was no water in the Puyallup waterway at extreme low water. Logs were towed to mills on this waterway at favorable stages of the tide. Previous projects.None. Existing project.-This provides for (a) a city waterway having a channel 500 feet wide and 25 feet deep at extreme low water from deep water in Commencement Bay to the Eleventh Street Bridge, 500 feet wide and 18 feet deep to the Fourteenth Street Bridge, and varying from 500 to 250 feet wide and 15 feet deep from the Four- teenth Street Bridge to the end of this waterway, a total length of 8,500 feet; and (b) for a channel 500 feet wide, 3,650 feet long, and 28 feet deep at extreme low water in the Puyallup waterway. 'The extreme tidal range is 18.8 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 11.8 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1902, is $175,000 for the city waterway and $240,000 (made in 1904) for the Puyallup waterway. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance of city waterway is $3,000. Puyallup waterway will be maintained by local interests. No provision for maintenance of the Puyallup waterway is necessary until after local interests have diverted the Puyallup River. The project was adopted by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 13, 1902, provided for the city .waterway (H. Doc. No. 76, 56th Cong., 2d sess.) ; the act of March 3, 1905, provided for the Puyallup waterway (H. Doc. No. 520, 58th Cong., 2d sess.) ; and the act of June 25, 1910, required the diversion of Puyallup River (S. Doc. No. 418, 61st Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map of the locality is in the Annual Report for 1905, page 2540. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved June 13, 1902, adopting the project for the improvement of the city water- way, provided: That no part of said amount shall be expended until a release from liability for damages shall be obtained, if any liability exists, arising from a contract between the State of Washington and R. B. Lehman, which said contract is set forth in said document, and the right is obtained, free of charge, to deposit material dredged from said channel upon adjacent tidelands. These conditions were complied with and accepted as satisfactory by the Chief of Engineers on December 8, 1902. The river and har- 1798 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. bor act approved March 3, 1905 ,dopting the project for Puyallup waterway, provided: That the United States shall be under no expense for the construction of bulk- heads, groins, or filling; and before any portion of this appropriation shall be expended or any contract let for this improvement suitable provision shall be made, to be approved by the Secretary of War, that in the prosecution and com- pletion ,of the work of dredging said channel the cost and charges for the con- struction of necessary bulkheads and groins, or for necessary filling, will be furnished upon the demand of the United States engineer in charge, and the design and location of said bulkheads and groins shall be subject to his super- vision, and .all necessary filling shall be made in accordance with the plans and specifications furnished by said engineer: And provided further, That no ex- penditures shall be made under this appropriation unless provision satisfactory to the Secretary of War is made for the permanent maintenance of said project, when completed, without expense to the United States. These conditions were complied with and accepted by the Secre- tary of War as satisfactory on March 20, 1907. Under the provisions of the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, local interests are required to divert Puyallup River from Puyallup waterway before the improvement by the United States may be con- tinued. This has not yet been done. In addition to the above cooperation specifically required by Con- gress, during 1917 the city of Tacoma contributed $5,000 for half the expense of restoring city waterway channel where shoaling had taken place. This work was done by contract. Terminal facilities.-There are 29 wharves for the use of ocean- going vessels, with a total berthing space of 18,192 feet; 11 wharves for'local steamers with a berthing space of 2,850 feet. These ter- minals provide a storage for 304,600 tons of merchandise or for 30,000,000 feet of lumber. All terminals have connection with the railways by means of spur tracks. Coal bunkers for coaling ships are available, with a delivery capacity of 600 tons per hour. In addition, the port of Tacoma has in operation an open pier with a berthing capacity of 2,776 feet, and a covered pier with a berthing capacity of 1,550 feet, both piers being equipped with the latest facilities for the rapid handling of freight. On the city waterway there are 12 miscellaneous private wharves and 2 publicly owned wharves, the latter being open to general pub- lic use. These facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. There are no terminals on the Puyallup waterway. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement of the city waterway has provided suitable facilities for the extensive freight and passen- ger traffic of Tacoma Harbor. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Survey was made of the southern end of the city waterway in June, 1923. The sum of $456.07 was expended and charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.--The city waterway was com- pleted in 1905. Considerable shoaling took place, due to sewage and other deposits, and this was removed by dredging under contract in 1917. The project depth is available over the entire waterway, ex- cept very close to the wharves and within 1,300 feet of the upper end, which has shoaled from 0 to 25 feet. The amount expended on this waterway was $150,018.58 for improvement and $24,981.42 for maintenance, a total of $175,000. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT,. 1799 In adgdition to this amount $5,000 was expended from funds fur- nished by the city of Tacoma on the city waterway. Work on the Puyallup waterway was commenced in 1908 and sus- pended in April, 1910. At that time 1,811,599 cubic yards of material had been removed. In November, 1909, the channel excavated was practically obliterated by filling caused by a flood in the Puyallup River. The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, authorized the suspension of work and directed that no further work be done on this project until local interests diverted the Puyallup River from the waterway or otherwise prevented excessive deposits therein. The Puyallup waterway has shoaled to its original condition, and no navigation is possible except small boats towing logs at high tide. The amount expended on the Puyallup waterway was $159,584.46 'for improvement and $4,176.35 for examinations and surveys, a total of $163,760.81. The total amount expended was $309,603.04 for new work and $29,157.77 for maintenance, a grand total of $338,- 760.81, not including $5,000 contributed funds. Proposed operations.-Unexpended funds will be applied to main- tenance dredging by contract at the head of the city waterway. The work will probably be completed by about May 1, 1924. This work is expected to cost about $28,000, leaving a small balance for emergencies. No additional funds are needed during the fiscal year 1925. Comm ercial statistics.---The commerce of this harbor is of a gen- eral character. In 1922 it consisted of 1,284,123 tons of logs, valued at $6,929,188; 668,248 tons of lumber, valued at $8,839,840; 306;057 tons of ores, valued at $23,944,533; 84,620 tons copper ingots, valued at $23,351,810; and 920,987 tons miscellaneous, Valued at $65,131,264. The limits of draft for loaded boats were about 12 to 31.5 feet for the principal classes of traffic. ,Comparattive statement. Calendar year. Short tons.1 Value. Calendar year. Short tons.' Value. 1918...................... 2,865,871 $321,240,629 1921............ .......... 2,497,050 $102,322,073 1919................ .... 2,660,512 246,674,849 1922.......... ... 3,264,035 128,196, 1920............ ........ 2705,217 206, 893, 633 1 Includes floated timbers in 1922, 1,261,081 tons, valued at $6,662,280. No report on passenger traffic has been received. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1928, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $4.40: New work---------------- ---------------------- $309, 803. 04 Maintenance 157. 7 2---------- Net total expended--------------------------------- 358, 760. 81 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 369, 000. 00 A was expended from contributed funds. In addition. $5,600 1800 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work................. ................. ................... Expended for maintenance .... $96. 22 $1, 776. 60 $619. 60 $462. 51 $456. 07 Appropriated or allotted.............................................................. 30, 000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------------ $695. 26 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922-- - __------- -------- ----------------------- 30, 000. 00 30, 695. 26 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance- 456. 07 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended --------------------------- 30, 239. 19 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities----------------------------- 20. 22 July 1, 1923, balance available- ----------------------------- 30, 218. 97 10. SEATTLE HARBOR, WASH. Location and description.-This harbor includes all waterways within the city limits of Seattle. The chief anchorage basin is Elliott Bay, an arm of Puget Sound, 30 miles north of Tacoma. This bay is 2 miles wide and 4 miles long. The East and West Waterways have been excavated in the shallow tide flats at the mouth of the Duwamish River. The Duwamish Waterway has been dredged through the valley of the Duwamish River, a tributary of Elliott Bay. All of these waterways are tidal, with an aggregate length of about 7J miles. The Lake Washington Ship Canal, which connects Puget Sound with Lakes Union and Washington, is covered by a separate report. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6445.) Original condition.-The available depths in Elliott Bay were ample for all classes of vessels. The Duwamish River was formed by the junction of the Black and White Rivers and flowed in a north- westerly direction to Elliott Bay, a distance of 84 miles in a direct line but 141 miles by the river. At its mouth the river spread over a tide flat area about 12 miles wide. From its source to mouth its depth averaged approximately 4 feet at mean lower low water, with one channel over the tide flats with controlling depth of 2 feet at mean lower low water. Prior to the acceptance of these waterways for the purpose of maintenance by the United States the improve- ment of the Duwamish Waterway had been undertaken by local interests under plans contemplating a channel 20 feet deep at mean lower low water and 150 feet wide for a distance of about 4 miles in the lower Duwamish River, but the work has not been completed. The East and West Waterways, 34 feet deep at mean lower low water and 500 feet wide between pierhead lines, had been dredged by the State of Washington for distances of 6,500 and 5,200 feet, respec- tively, from the pierhead line in Elliott Bay, with a channel of the same depth, 400 feet wide between pierhead lines, and 4,000 feet long connecting the West Waterway with the Duwamish Waterway. The proposed channel to connect the East Waterway and Duwamish Waterway had not been dredged. 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1801 Previous projects.-There was no previous project except the snag- ging done in connection with the improvement of Puget Sound and its tributary waters. For further details of previous project see page 2006, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for maintenance of the East and West Waterways to a depth of 34 feet at mean lower low water, with a width of 750 feet for distances of 6,500 and 5,200 feet, respectively, from the pierhead line in Elliott Bay, and for the maintenance of the Duwamish Waterway to a depth of 20 feet at mean lower low water with a bottom width of 150 feet from the connection with the West Waterway as far south as the Eighth Avenue South Bridge, a distance of 17,000 feet, or 3.22 miles, when completed to these dimensions by local interests. The length of the section included in the project is 5.43 miles. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 11.28 feet. The latest (1918) approved estimate of annual cost of maintenance is $15,000 for the East Waterway, $25,000 for the West Waterway, and $40,000 for the Duwamish Waterway. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1.919 (S. Doc. No. 313, 65th Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map of the locality is in House Document No. 54, Sixty-fifth Con- gress, first session. Recomamended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act approved March 2, 1919, adopting the project for the maintenance of the Duwamish Waterway, provided- That no part of said appropriation shall be available for said purpose until said improvements shall be completed to project dimensions to said point: Provided further, That local interests shall furnish a place of deposit for the dredged material and the bulkheads necessary to confine such material. The Duwamish Waterway has been completed to project dimen- sions as far up as the First Avenue South Bridge, a distance of about 13,000 feet, leaving about 4,000 feet of channel uncompleted between First and Eighth Avenues south. Dredging has been suspended, Sand it is not known when the work will be resumed. The State of Washington has expended $3,765,000, the Duwamish Waterway Commission and King County together $1,750,000, mak- ing a total of $5,515,000 that has been expended by local interests for the improvement of these waterways. Terminal facilities.-Exclusive of Lake Union and Lake Wash- ington, Seattle Harbor has 47 principal wharves privately owned, of which 31 are commercial wharves, 13 industrial, and 3 shipbuild- ing plants. There are also 6 public terminals owned by the port of Seattle. All the commercial and port commission terminals are open to public use. Of the above, 10 wharves are located on the East Waterway, 3 on the West Waterway, and 3 on the Duwamish Waterway. The terminals of the port commission are as follows: Wharf and plant area, 2,211,033 square feet. Warehouse capacity, 122,048 tons. Car capacity, 1,262 cars. Berthing space, 15,255 linear feet. The Smith Cove terminal consists of two piers, each about one- half mile long; Pier A is 310 and Pier B is 367 feet wide. The three 1802 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. port terminals on the East Waterway provide 5,444 linear feet of berthing space and 849,361 square feet of storage space. The Bell Street terminal, located on the central water front, has a berthing space of 1,200 linear feet. All the port terminals are provided with modern methods for the rapid transfer of freight. Terminals on Lake Union and Lake Washington are given under " Lake Washing- ton Ship Canal." (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-No work has yet been done by the Federal Government. The work done by local interests has opened up the waterways, providing fbr a large commerce. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done. The sum of $174.32 was expended for inspections and office expenses and charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done except soundings in East and West Waterways and office supervision. The controlling depth in the East and West Waterways is 34 feet at mean lower low water. The Duwamish Waterway is being dredged by local interests, and that part covered by this project has a con- trolling depth of 20 feet at mean lower low water up to the First Avenue South Bridge and 7 feet between First Avenue South and Eighth Avenue South. The sum of $297.32 has been expended for soundings, etc., and charged to maintenance. Proposed operations.-No work will be done on the Duwamish Waterway until completed to project dimensions by local interests. The East and West Waterways will be maintained by dredging, when necessary. The funds unexpended are sufficient for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1924. The additional sum of $10,000 can be profitably used for main- tenance dredging during the fiscal year 1925. Commercial statistics.-The commerce of Seattle Harbor is of a general character. The chief imports are silk, coal, fuel, oil, food supplies, and general merchandise. The chief exports are iron and steel, lumber, cotton, flour, fish, and general merchandise. Local and coastwise traffic, forming 79 per cent, requires drafts of about- 7 to 25 feet; foreign traffic, about 25 to 35 feet. No accurate data on drafts could be obtained. Comparative statement. Calendar Short Value. Passen- Calendar Short1 Value Psaen- year, tons.'l a gers. year. tons. ' grs. 1918.......... 1919.......... 5, 947,17 5, 4 92, 120,61 4,702,336 1921........ 4,117, 002 $364976,976, 549 3,50, 316 920......... 2, 577 749969,957 588, 2 97 742,118 969, 075 1922....... 5,691,537 498,487,479 3,804,466 1Includes floated timbers. In 1922, 986,879 tons valued at $5,458,878. These statistics include only commerce loaded and unloaded at the port, no other records being kept. They include traffic of Salmon Bay and Lakes Union and Washington, separately reported upon under head of "Operating and Care of Lake Washington Ship Canal. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1803 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work_------------------------------------------------- Maintenance ------------------------------ $297. 32 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------- 2, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........... ................. Expended for maintenance................... $85.33 .............. $37.67 $174.32 Appropriated or allotted ......... $2,00000 ................ ............ July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ---------------------------- $1, 877. 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance -------------------------------------------------- _ 174. 32 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-- --------------------------- , 702. 68 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance --- - 1--------------------- 0, 000. 00 11. LAKE WASHINGTON SHIP CANAL, WASH. Location and description.-This improvement lies entirely within the city of Seattle and extends from Puget Sound, through Shilshole Bay, Salmon Bay, Lake Union, and Union Bay to deep water in Lake Washington. The distance by channel from deep water in Puget Sound to deep water in Lake Washington is approximately 8 miles. The drainage area of Lake Washington and Cedar River watersheds is 580 square miles and the discharge 12,000 second-feet during the flood season and about 50 second-feet during the dry season. The tidal reach extends to the locks, approximately 11 miles. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6447.) Original condition.-There was no connection between Lakes Union and Washington. Lake Washington, through the Black and IDwamish Rivers, had a navigable connection with Puget Sound with sufficient capacity for the transportation of logs. Lake Union had no navigable connection with Salmon Bay. Salmon and Shils- hoal Bays were navigable at high tide, but both bays were practically dry at extreme low tide. At mean lower low tide a narrow, crooked channel approximately 2. miles long and about 3 feet deep extended from Puget. Sound to near the, head of Salmon Bay. Previou~s projeets.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894,, and modified by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. The amount expended on the original and modified project prior to commencement of operations, under existing project in 1910, was $485,002.45, all of which was for survey and improvement by dredging. For further details of previous projects see! page 2003, Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for a double lock and fixed dam with movable crest and necessary accessory works at the Narrows at the entrance to Salmon Bay, approximately 14 miles from deep 1 ExclusLve of available funds. 1804 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. water in Puget Sound; for a channel 34 feet deep at mean lower low water and 300 feet wide from Puget Sound to the Great North- ern Railway Bridge, about 5,500 eet, with a passing basin and log basin at the turn below the railway bridge; thence 34 feet deep and 150 to 200 f.et wide to the locks, about 900 feet; and a guide pier 600 feet long; for the revetment of the canal banks between the locks and Lake Union and between Lakes Union and Washington; and for the excavation by King County or other local agency of a channel 25 feet deep at low water and 75 feet wide at the bottom, from the locks into Lake Washington. The following table shows the principal features of thy double lock and dam (the structures are located at Seattle, Wash.) : Large lock. Small lock. Miles above mouth......................................................... 1) 1 Clear width of chamber ................................................ feet.. 80 30 Maximum available length............. ..................... do.... 760 123 Lift ...................................... ... do... 26 26 Depth on upper miter sill 1..........................do.... 36 16 Depth on intermediate miter sill 2................. .................... do.... 29 . Depth on lower miter sill 2................................................ do.... 29 16 Character of foundation.......... ............................................. Clay. Clay. Kind of dam ............................................................... () (3) Type of construction.................... ........................................ (4) (4) Year completed. .......................... 1916 1916 Estimated cost............................ .................... .............. (5) (5) 1 Low water in upper pool. 4Concrete. 2 Mean lower low water in Puget Sound. * Estimated cost of double lock and dam, $2,275,000. a Fixed dam with movable crest. The length of section included in this project is about 8 miles. The extreme tidal range is 19 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 11.3 feet, and between mean lower low water and extreme low water is 4 feet. The ordinary fluc- tuation in the upper pool is approximately 6 inches, and the extreme fluctuation is 2 feet. The estimate of cost of new work, revised in 1922, is $3,726,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The cost of maintenance is defrayed from the permanent indefinite appropria- tion for operating and care of canals and other works of navigation. The existing project was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, as modified by the act of March 4, 1913, provided for a double lock and fixed dam with movable crest and necessary accessory works at the entrance to Salmon Bay, the dredging of a channel from the locks to deep water in Puget Sound, and excavation by local interests of a channel from the locks into Lake Washington (H. Doc. No. 953, 60th Cong., 1st sess.); the act of August 8, 1917, provided for dredging below the locks and revet- ting canal banks (H. Doc. No. 800, 64th Cong., 1st sess.); and the act of September 22, 1922, provided for increased dimensions of the channel between Puget Sound and the locks and construction of the guide pier (H. Doc. No. 324, 67th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest pub- lished map is in the last-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Rightof way and flowage rights for the canal were secured for the United States by King County and were ac- cepted as satisfactory by the Secretary of War on June 22, 1900. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1805 Under the provisions of the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, local interests- were required to do the excavation in the waterway above the lock to the dimensions recommended in said project, and, will also secure the United States from liability from any claims or damages on account of the grant made to James A. Moore or his assigns by the act of Congress approved June 11, 1906, or on account of the lowering of the level of Lake Washington, raising the level of Salmon Bay, or any other alteration of the level of any part of said waterway. These conditions were complied with and accepted by the Secretary of War on June 30, 1911. Under the terms of the act of Congress local interests were required to dredge a channel above the lock site into Lake Washington not less than 25 feet deep at low water and 75 feet wide on the bottom; but, under contracts by King County and the State of Washington, a channel 36 feet deep at low water and 100 feet wide on the bottom has been dredged from the locks into Lake Union, while from the upper end of Lake Union into deep water in Lake Washington a channel has been dredged 26 feet deep * at low water and 75 feet wide on the bottom, except through the Portage cut between Lakes Union and Washington, where it is from 30 to 36 feet deep and 100 feet wide on the bottom. The temporary controlling works for the regulation of the levels of Lakes Union and Washington were removed and the north and south banks of the Portage cut, for a distance of about 1,000 feet, have been protected by a concrete revetment. Brush and rock revetment was placed on the slopes of the cut between Lake Union and Salmon Bay for a distance of 2,975 linear feet, and the work under contract for exca- vation in Black River was completed. Terminal facilities.--In Salmon Bay three wharves are munici- pally owned. Two of these are open to public use, the larger, 96,000 square feet in floor area, being equipped with mechanical handling facilities and connected to transcontinental railroads. Of seven privately owned wharves, one only is open to public use, two are mill wharves equipped with facilities for rapid handling of lumber, and four are industrial wharves. Of these, five have rail- road connections. Lake Union has four wharves open to public use, three of which are publicly owned; two of these wharves have ample depth for deep-draft vessels and are rail connected. There are three sawmill wharves, all having rail connections. There are also nine other private wharves, of which three are industrial and six are distribu- tion stations for coal, oil, and building materials. Four of these are served by spur tracks from transcontinental railroads. Lake Washington is in its initial development as to large ter- minals and industries. Four wharves owned by the county are open to public use. One private wharf has sufficient depth for ocean car- riers and is equipped with mechanical handling facilities. All of these wharves are of pile and timber construction. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The canal has opened to commercial and industrial use a fresh-water harbor, lying in and adjacent to the city of Seattle, with an area of over 25,000 acres and a shore line of over 1806 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 100 miles. The value and the volume of tonnage and the number and size of vessels in the canal are increasingevery year. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Under contract, 28,522 cubic yards were dredged below the locks between the Great Northern Railway bridge and Puget Sound, completing 4,600 linear feet of channel to project depth and 150 feet bottom width. The cost was $18,176.82. On the emergency dams the following work was done by hired labor: Foundations for derrick were constructed; the south lock wall of the large lock was extended 10 feet for support of the operating bridge; a pile and timber storage platform was constructed for the dam; and the operating house practically completed. The contractor continued the construction and erection of the steel work and operat- ing machinery and this is now about 95 per cent completed. The cost of this work was $149,525.14. By hired labor, -2,000 linear feet of revetment was constructed alog the canal bank between Salmon Bay and Lake Union at a cost of $13,388.66, and excavation was started for revetment at Portage. Cut. A two-story concrete warehouse was completed, the expenditure under this appropriation being $630.71. The total amount expended was $181,721.33, all of which was for new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 76 per cent completedL The locks and dam were completed in 1916. Under con- tract and with contributed funds a channel was completed in 1917 36 feet deep and 100 feet wide from the locks into Lake Union and 26 feet deep and 75 feet wide from the upper end of Lake Union into deep water in Lake Washington, except through the Portage Cut, where it is 100 feet wide and 30 to 36 feet deep. Concrete revetment on both, sides of the Portage Cut for a distance of 1,000 feet wac completed in 1916, and 2,800 feet has been constructed between Salmon Bay and Lake Union. A concrete warehouse at the locks was completed in 1922. The water from the locks into Lake Wash- ington is nontidal, and is maintained at mean elevation of 21 feet above mean lower low tide of Puget Sound, with a maximum varia- tion of 2 feet. A channel 150 feet wide, 30 to 34 feet deep, and 5,500 feet long between the locks and deep water in Puget Sound has been dredged. The controlling depths at the end of the fiscal year were as follows: Puget Sound to loeks, 30 feet at mean lower low water; between the locks and Lake Union 31 feet; and between Lake Union and Lake Washington 22 feet at normal pool level. Emergency dams for both locks are under construction and are 95 per cent completed. Work remaining, to be done is as follows: Completing the channel below the locks to project dimensions; construction of guide pier; completing construction and installation of emergency dams; revet- ting 4,460 feet of canal banks between Salmon Bay and Lake Union. ~For maintenance 1,700 feet additional revetment will have to be con- strticted in Portage Cut. Thei expenditures under the existing project were $2,798,357.65 for new work and $38,988.60 for maintenance; a total of $2,837,346.25. RIyERS AND HARBORS.--SEATTLE, WASH., I T.4 ~ In addition there has been. expended by the State'of Washington $246,187.70 and by King County $742,050.66 in the excavation of the channel above the locks and in the construction of concrete revetment at the Portage. Proposed operations.-Unexpended funds will be devoted to the following special objects: Revetment of canal .banks between Salmon Bay and-Lake Union and -revetment in the Portage Cut. Dxedging channel below the locks and constructing guide, pier in accordance with project adopted ;by the. river. and harbor act ap- proved September 22, 1922. It is proposed to dredge the chahnel 150 fEet to 300 feet bottom width, 30 to 4 feet deep at mean Iowe low water, as far as the funds will permit, and to construct a guide pier 600 feet long.. It is expected that available funds will be exhausted un 0, 194, andppenditures will be as follows x New work: Dredge channel and construct guide pier 600 feet below the locks, by contract------------------------- --------$200,000. 00 Continue erevement between Salmon.Bay'and Lake~liion, 3,000 linear feet, at $20,. by United States plant and hired -labor_._ 60, 000. 00 Outstanding liabilities-- .-...----------..-------- ..----------- 29, 065. 28 Maintenance : Continue revetment through Portage Cut 1,000 linear feet, at $12, by United States plarit' nd hfred labor-_--_,--',- -__. 12, 000. 00 Contingencies and miscellaneous __ __________------62, 086. 02 Tothl,--------- ----- ------------------------ 3,151. 30 The additional sum of $48,00 .can be, proftably expendd: during the fiscal year ,1925, as follows: Maintenance: Revetment.of .banks .of Portage Cut, 1,500 linear feet, at $12... $18, 000..00 Contingencies. a d miscel)nepug-- - --- --- 25,r 00,,0O Total--------------------------------- ----- ------- 4300 The amount required: for maintepapg#e fir fiscalyear 1925 islarger than the, average expenditures fr. the, last five "ysr,, fo. the reason that the reve ment of. EPoqtag, Cut hs ecome ,urgently necessay. Commercia statistics.-Foi e sta;P~ nt, f traffic pasgin through the canal se repqrt, uR 4r" pqraItg ,and careof Lake. Was!dnigon Ship CanaI " For cqmplete stati tic of seattlIIi boo see report under " Seattle iHarbor, Wash." Financia sumnmaxy. Amount expended on all projects to June 30 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to. $7,'267.95: New woik-------------------------------------- $3, 283, 360.10 Maintenance --------- ----------------------------- 38,988. 80 Net total expended _ .. 3 22, 348. 70 Total appropriations to date of this report_ .. 3 50000.68 685o0-----------, 61687-Eo 1928----114 1808 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1...... 83, 076. 57 $4, 618. 41 $16, 816. 29 $69, 801.57 $181, 721. 33 Expended for maintenance 1.... 1,425. 07 2;572.41 309.68 1,274. 80 ............. Total expended 1...... 84, 501. 64 7,190. 82 17, 125.97 71,076.37 181,721.33 Appropriated or allotted........ ....... .......................... 40,000.00 300,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--- ------ -___ $241, 168. 30 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923 __----------------------------------------300, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923------------------ 3, 704. 33 544, 872.63 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work1 _ 181, 721. 33 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended- ,------------------------- 363, 151. 30 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities -------------------------- 29, 065. 28 July 1, 1923,, balance available-_____- --- __ - ________ 334, 086. 02 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project----------------- ------------------- 563, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance- -------------------------- 43, 000.00 12. SNOHOMISH RIVER, WASH. Location and description.-Snohomish River is formed by the junction of the Snoqualmie and Skykomish Rivers, 21 miles from Puget Sound. It flows northwesterly and empties into Puget Sound through Eby Slough, Steamboat Slough Union Slough, and Old River, the latter being a part of Everett HIarbor, Wash. The width between banks is 400 to 1,000 feet. The drainage area is about 1,822 square miles. There are no discharge data available. The river is tidal for about 18 miles above its mouth. (See U. S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey chart No. 6448.) Original condition.-The mouth of Old River Channel was prac- tically dry at low water. It was used as a storing and sorting ground for logs and was navigable for tugs and light-draft boats at favor- able stages of the tide. Steamboat Slough was used by light-draft boats and was the most important outlet of the river. The river was navigable throughout its length for steamers of about 3-foot draft, and for towing and floating logs. Previous projects.-The original project for the improvement of Everett Harbor was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894, and modified by joint resolution of Congress approved April 23, 1902. The amount expended on original and modified projects prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1910 was $411,709.14 for new work and $5,868.63 for maintenance, a total of $417,577.77. For further details of previous projects see page 2005 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.--This provides for the concentration of tidal flow and river currents by means of a training dike extending across SNot deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1809 the bar at the outlet of the Old River Channel to a connection with the existing dike or bulkhead in Everett Harbor, the reinforcement of parts of the old bulkhead, the construction of closing dikes and mattress sills across subsidiary sloughs of the main river, and the dredging of a channel 75 feet wide and 8 feet deep at mean lower low water from the deep channel heretofore excavated in Everett Harbor to the mouth of Steamboat Slough. The length of improvement under this project is 5.5 miles. The extreme tidal range is 18 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 11.3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1908, is $280,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910 (H. Doc. No. 1108, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in House Document No. 649, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Necommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-These consist of three sawmill wharves and one publicly owned wharf, the latter open to general public use. These facilities are considered adequate for the existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The increased depths, particularly across the flats at the mouth of the river, have facilitated the movement of log rafts, which make up the most important part of the commerce if the Snohomish River. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The opening through the dike was widened to 500 feet and deepened by removal of 1,600 tons of rock, 7 snags, 43 piles, 20 cords of brush, and 6,538 cubic yards of additional material, by hired labor and Government plant. The sum of $4,243.58 was expended and charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project has been completed by contract. Dike work was commenced in September, 1911, and completed in September, 1912, except the closing dikes at Steamboat and Eby Sloughs, which were omitted. Dredging was commenced in February, 1912, and completed in May, 1914, by the removal of 875,400 cubic yards of material, of which 96,771 cubic yards was overdepth. Extensive shoaling has taken place in the dredged channel, and it is estimated that not more than 10 per cent of the original dredged cut remains. A serious result of the improvement has been the fill- ing of the dredged basin in Everett Harbor, and this filling will be progressive, except as modified by the opening in the dike. The controlling depth in the improved channel is 2 feet at mean lower low water. The depth through the opening in dike is about 6 feet at mean lower low water. The expenditures under the existing project were $231,818.60 for new work and $34,484.22 for maintenance, a total of $266,302.82. Proposed operations.-Unexpended funds will be applied, to mak- ing the necessary surveys to ascertain the effect of the opening of the dike at the former outlet of the river, and to dredging in the river should this be found necessary. The rate of expenditure can not be definitely stated. Dredging if done Will be by the U. S. snag boat 1$10' REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Si iomis at a ':costof 'about $2,400 per month. It is expected 'that the unexptendd: fndg 'ill be 'sifficient for any work required until Ji ne 30; 1925:1 Cornierial'sta iti'. .L-The 'conrmnei'e' 'consi s ted of tons f1,455,657 flted' mti'mbrs; vvalue i $8.335.212' 26~210 'tons 'lurnbr, va1i:$4,36)- 238 ' 6;3308t bt ' like:r6k;-val $i7 748 2046' tofns' fiel oils value, $24,552; 747 tor nisc llhnotis, v4 I$6,88:;i3~and:requiped, drafts of froti 2 to 9 'fdet. Conripacratil e'st!dtieent. Calendar year. Short tons: Value. Calendar year Short tons., Value. 18 119...... ....................... ............... 63 6 1' 44.79l 91577.81i i 21 . ............ 139,60 1, 998 $3642780 12 574988 1920............... ........ 1, 274,132 10, 779, 591 1 Includes floated timbers. In 1922, 1,455,6357tons, valied it $8,335,212. Firancial sa inary. Anibitht ependd on all proje-s to, Jifi 30, 1923, .after deducting re&eipts from sales, etc:, arnolntng 'to $23: New work---------------------------------------- $643, 527. 74, Maintenance ------ -- - 40, 35285 Net total ekpeit 6----------------------- 683, 880.'59 Total appropriations to date of this report __________-------697, 577. 77 Fiscal year ending Jine 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work . Expended for mainteriance 1.. $.. 1.00. $244. 78 $4, 187. 91 $5, 69. 14i $4, 243.'58 Apprpriated or allotted. ............. . .... .... . .. .... ..... ....................... 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, ett. July 1; 1922, balance unexpended ____-------------------$17, 940. 76 Jurie' 80, 123i amount expbnded durng fiscal year, for maintenance 4, 243. 58 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------_------------------- 13, 697 18 13. SKAGIT RIVER, WASH. Location;and description.-The Skagit River, rises in the Cascade Mountalh~ j British Columbia, flows in a southwesterly direction, and emp nt Puget Sound 50 miles north of Seattle. The river is about Ipiles of which 130 miles is inthe United States, and its wdth be l'bbanks is about 350 feet. It' has a drainage area of approximately 3,084 square miles and is tidal for about 17 miles above its mouth. There are no discharge data available. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic. Survey chart 140. 6300.) Origina:oondition.-Thisriver was navigable for boats of about 3-foot draft at all stages -of water from-the bar' at its mouth to Mount Veron, 11 miles and at allstagesexcept extreme low water to Avon,, 8 miles above MPunt Vernon. During ordinary high water the river was naivigable for towing and rafting logs as far as Sauk River, 68 ND-. IARB RS- SIVEWRS' : EATATLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 3;$11 iles')frpm .itsurmoth. ~ avigation etween--the deep water .inthe riversad dleep ,wateri oSaratga Pa~sage was impracticable except on tides, due to a bar about 3 miles wide at the mouth of the river. *Between this point and Mount Vernon the controlling depth was lim- td td 2 feetat mean -lower low water by Skagit City bar, about 6 miles from The mouth. Previous projects.--There was no previous project except the spag- ging done in connection with the improvement of Puget Sound and its :tributary waters.. For further: details of previous project, see page 2006, Annual. Report for 1915. Jeisting:project.---This provides for a- low-water channel from Saratoga Passage to the river by the construction of a training dike from the mou.th of :the South Fork of the, Skagit River, acrossrthe iflats to deepwater in Saratoga: Passage, regulating dikes and, at- tress sill near the head of North Fork, and closing subsidiary 9lian- nels at the, delta ~f the river. and to increase the available depth at -in, -is. -Skagit Gity :bar,by combined, dredging opqrations and trnaning.wa s. 'Thedenth of thqosection: included the project 9j miles. The -extreme tidal"range 'at the1mouth of the river is20.5 feet; the range between. mean 'lowei low :water and, mean higher high water is j1.4 feet. :The estimate bft cost ,for iew :work, revised in '1919, is $145,000, including$45 500 .for Skagit City bar and $100,000 for the improve- ments atthe mouth of the river exclusive of amount expended under previous -project. 'The latest (1908) approved estimate for. annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The project was adopted by :the' following river and harbor acts: SThe. act of June.25, 1910, provided for the work below the bar (H. Doc.1No. 188, 6Qth Cong.,. 2d sess.); and the act of March 2, .1919, provided for .the improvement of the bar (H. Doe. No. 935, 63d Cong., 2d sess.). The latter. document contains thejatest map of the locality. ReiM~criardedmodijoations.of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The:river,and harhoract approved March 2, 1919, adopting the project for improvement of Skagit City bar, pro- vided: That befrerwork ot:t is .rpJct is c mmlaedoeeh ,rerti~ortS all be rgfeered to the Board of Engineers fo.oRiyer an. IFarbjgrs for revipw, as tq, whether the::pro ct should be modified to meet existing conditions or whether condi- tions of~ local .coperationshould be imposed. The,,review of this report is published in H1.ouse Document No. 591,- Sixty-sixth Congress, second session, in which the estimate for .;Skagit City bar is increased fron,,$380;00 to,$ ,QQ00 and. ini; whch it is recommended that no work be done on Skagit City bar until local interests ass me, .esp9nsib4ity ;for, the payment of all d pges claimed or alleged to result from any work that may be done under this project. l'ermin'a f acilities..- Ther .is one, wharf at Mount Vernon. It is .. open.to. general. public, use and..is..considered adequate,;for estz', g -commerce. -- (For a-full-description of-terminal facilities-see_H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) hffec of improvement.-The improvempnt,has ac ,ta the pas- , sa-ge of beatS ovee he ar at lowt stages,of the iae. - Operations and results during fiscal year.-The opening in the ,Nortlh Fork- Dam-was widened by remoival~a :yards f f 245 abit: 1812 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. material, to permit steamboats to navigate upstream. The work was done by Government plant and hired labor. The sum of $397.39 was expended and charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The mattress sill and closing dikes in the river had been constructed and the training dike, 10,450 feet long, completed. Due to the increased cost, the training dike is 5,550 feet less than the project length. The work, which was done by con- tract, was commenced in November, 1910, and completed in August, 1911.. Since completion minor repairs have been made to dikes as necessary. The dikes as constructed are in good condition, and it is not anticipated that further extension of the training dike will be necessary. The controlling depth over the bar is 1 feet at mean lower low water. The expenditures under the existing project were $99,829.80 for new work and $11,213.54 for maintenance, a total of $111,043.34. Proposed operations.-Pendingcompliance by local interests with the terms of cooperation for work on Skagit City bar, no operations are proposed other than maintenance work on regulating dikes and mattress sills in the North Fork and subsidiary channels. Unex- pended funds are sufficient for'this purpose until June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.--The commerce in 1922 consisted of 608,- 141 tons of logs, valued at $3,729,963; 20,290 tons canned milk, valued at $3,469,590; 3,601 tons grain, valued at $108,500; and 57,553 tons miscellaneous, valued at $1,966,408; and required drafts of from 22 to 7 feet. Comparative statement. 1 Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons.l Value. Passengers. 554,797$9,287,915 1917........... 1,437 1920....... ... 484,171 $8,295,705 81 1918........... 733,022 11,533,174 1,305 1921......... 508,116 5,872,350 59 1919........... 339,870 7,863,440 394 1922.......... 689,585 9,274,461 33 1 Includes floated timbers. In 1922, 612,096 tons, valued at $3,754,668. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $4,782.67: New work------------------------------------------ $99, 829. 80 Maintenance ------------------------ 11, 213. 54 Net total expended-------------- -------------- 111, 043. 34 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------1-------25, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work ... ........... ...... . .................. Expended for maintenance 1..... 2,434.40 $971.29 $5,013.40 $826.00 $39.739 Appropriated or allotted..... ............... .... . ........................... iNot deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-------------------------- $14, 354. 05 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 397. 39 sJ ul 1, 1923, balance unexpended --------------- --- 13, 956. 66 RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1813 14. SWINOMISH SLOUGH, WASH. Location and description.-Swinomish Slough is an inland pas- sage, 11 miles long, between Saratoga Passage and Padilla Bay, in the northwestern part of the State of Washington, about 60 miles north of Seattle. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6300.) Original condition.-The slough was crooked and obstructed by shoals in the wider parts and at each end, which limited the avail- able depth to 2 feet at mean lower low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a channel 100 feet wide on the bottom and 4 feet deep at mean lower low water from deep water in Saratoga Passage to deep water in Padilla Bay, a distance of .11 miles, by dredging and dike construction where necessary. The ex- treme tidal range is 19 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 11.1 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1892, is $122,000.' The latest (1910) ap- proved estimate for annual cost of maintenance of the completed portion is $2,500. This project was adopted by the river and harbor act of July 13, 1892 (H. Doc. No.No. 31, 52d Cong., 1st sess., and Annual Report for 1892, p. 2752). For latest publihshed map see House Document No. 860, Sixty-third Congress, second session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-There is one wharf at La Conner. It is open to general public use and is considered adequate for existing com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-This improvement has made available a sheltered passage for light-draft boats, which has been of material benefit in handling log tows and in the shipment of farm products from the vicinity of La Conner. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done. The sum of $259.95 was expended for inspections and office expenses and charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-A channel of the required depth was obtained from Saratoga Passage through Skagit Bay to La Conner and northward as far as the Great Northern Railway bridge over Padilla Bay, a distance of 9 miles. No work has been done in Padilla Bay, and over the flats there is a narrow, crooked chan- nel with a depth of minus 3 feet at mean lower low water. Work ' under the project was commenced under contract in 1893. To con- trol the currents in the south end of the slough, 7,100 linear feet of dike was constructed on the north side of the channel from " Hole in the Wall " to opposite the west end of Goat Island; 3,650 feet on the south side of the channel from the west end of Goat Island to deep water in Saratoga Passage; 3,500 feet from McGlinns Island to the mainland in the direction of La Conner; and 1,500 linear feet oppo- site La Conner. The single-pile protection dike 4,200 feet long was constructed between Goat and Ika Islands. The work was cimpleted 1While this is the amount of the estimate of cost, it has been exceeded by the amount of the appropriations actually made. 1814 T iOF REFOF' EGINEERS, U. S. ARtY, 193. as far as funds would permit, and chaniiel of project dimensions obtlained as far as La Conner, in 1897., With appropriations made by the ri er and harbor acts of March 3, 1905 March 2, 1907, March 1909,, dune iad25, 1910,dredging was done by'contract and hiied p ant, the. dikes'were repaired and in some instances reconstructed by hired labor, and a~ hanniel of probect dimensions obtained as -far north as tge Great Northerp bridge over. Padilla- Bay. The con- ftiollir'' depth 'in 'the'i~iroved; chaneI ,is' .8 feet at mean lowter low water 'frbm Skat6ga Psai e to 'Fort Whitmiin, and one-half foot from that point to the Great Northern briidge. The expenditures were, $83,029.51, for iiiiprove ent 'aid36,522.16 for maintenance,,' total,.f $219,551.67. •PrOp; dpr 'alhs.''h e eitirance to thd sloigh frm Saratdga Passage has shioa ed, aid it is proposed tdo iedretge the ,entrance and other portios obfthe Jqujrel"in the infe'r stsIb of ' annel if it becomes evident that, this is re- the U S snagboat Swi niol.sh end will iaiion ..Aiiy'Iovd ik de w1il' be ith cost abuit $400 per month. It'.is Mtih6 t that the un~, n.Sled fuids 'will 'Ibe sufficient for any worlir equired until' Jiiine 30, 19 5. '154,18 Copmercial staPistics.-The commerce isof a genejdal nttiure. In 192~'it cnit hy v lied at of, tons oats, 'valhed at' $508,4O ; 5,100' tons 1,800 ; 984 0ton mieral oils, V ied at' $75,422 , and ,04hS m4cearie eois'inerchandi e, valhiued at 97T,501 iand reqiiired fiits drafts of 2 to 7 feet. cobmpairative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tbns. Value. ...... 1918.............. 9,156 .. $528,649 1921...................... 124626 $591766 1919.................. 10 656 655,628 1922................... -25,116 773,183 ..... . 1920. ... ............ 115,51 593,47)9 Theitscontiuanceof'iegtilar b ater ice 1017 ' ha.s ' rettl !dttbtesed'the "filic. Financialsummary. Amount expendedon 'all projects to June 30, 1923, after' deducting receipt from sales, etc., amounting to $27,55: iRe- wdrk---L--. --... $183, 029. 51 'Maiiitehahie ... '----- .. "..--.. 36, 522. 16 __---_--- -------- Net' total expended_------ . 219, 551. 67 ~ta ajlprapxitidtnin~ to date of thits report .--. --------------- 22,.602..36 year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 '1922 1923 1 . . . ... pe...... . . .. . , aafoce de4 ....-.......... $10,'312564 tting ba spts etc. les, Jne 0, 1928, anmount expefded' rng fiscal yar, for nte- July 1, 1928, balance unexpended ...----- 10, 05069 ...-..---------...-..--... RIVERS AND "HARBORS-SEATTLE, 'WASH., DISTRICT. 1815 15. ANWACOR TE HAI~dR, W ASH. Location and description.-Anacortes Harbor is on the northern point of Fidalgo Island in" Puget"'SoUid,' 17 miles south of Belling- ham, Wash., and 64 miles north of Seattle. _The main harbor is on Guemes Channel on the north. Cap Sante Waterway is a projected channel, defined by State harbor lines, in the shallow waters of Fidalgo Bay,'to the east of the city. (See U: S: Coast and Geodetic Surivey chart-No. 6377.) Original' condition.-The-main harbor, in Guemes Channel had ample depths; but was exposed to strong tidal currents. - Cap Sante Waterway was well shlteri'd but 'shallow; the depths ranging from 1 to 6 feet at mean lower low water. Previous projects.-N6ne. Existing project.-This: provides for a channel in Cap Saute Water- way, 12 feet deep at mean lower low water and 150 to 250 feet wide, between the east side of Q Street and deep water in 'idalgo Bay, a distance of 3,200 feet. The range 'betweenmrnean lower low water and mean higher high water is 7.56 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1919, is $133,000. No expense for maintenance is- anticipated, as it-is expected that the channel will be fairly per- manent. The project was adopted by the river and harbor 'act of Marcth 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 1117, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). This doeumenteon- tains -the-atest map of the locality. Reco ntenr d 'odificatons of project.-- None. 'Local -cooperation.-Underthe provisions of the river :andharbor act of March 2, 1919, local interests were required to provide suitable dumping grounds and necessary bulkheads for the dredged material to 'contribute one-third the estimated cost: of theimprovetnent,'and to' furnish evidence' satisfactry'to the Secretary of War that they Will provide a suitable trminal on Cap Sante Waterway open to the public on equal acid reasonable terms. These conditions have not been' met. Localinterests on April 26, 1923; nported their ,decision to -comnply with same as soon as ways ahd means could be provi(ded, but there' does not. appear] to,be any realpitobability' of early action. Terminal facilities.--There are- no terminals on.Cap Sante -Water- way. The -timinals on Guemnes Channel are privately owned, but -are open to-'all water carriers" subject to wharfage:charges. The trminals have railroadv connections. These facilities -are' considered adequate for existing commerce on the main harbor. :(For a full de- scriptibn of'terminal ,facilities see H,L Doc;:No. 652, 66th Cong.4 2d sass.) SEffect of improvement.---No' work of improvement has yebt-been dohe. O(perations,andfevit& dtring the fiscal year.---None. Condition at end of fiscal year.-No work has been done. SPeoose. opratio.-No, work can be undertaken, and no further reports will be'sukmitted,, untile the: terms of local cooperation have ,beerinet. Sonrrmroialstatisteq.----The commerce in 1922 -consistd I1of1;031 tons of gs, 'va4ued at :$831,710; 27,912 tqzs boxshooks, -valued at $600,$82 :23,48 tons of lumber, valued t $37;484; 13,110 tons of 1816 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. canned salmon, valued at $2,112,570; and 17,202 tons miscellaneous, valued at $1,430,897; and required drafts of from 4 to 29 feet. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons.' Value. Passengers. 1918................ .. ............................... 32,365 $1,662,739 33,658 1919.... ..... ...... . ..... ................ ........... 205,174 4,789,990 61,854 1920 ................................................. ....... ...... 138, 283 5, 257327 47, 952 1921.... ................................................. 105,661 2,959 447 25,108 1922 ..... ................................................ 221,903 5, 363,443 12, 492 1 Includes floated timbers. In 1922, 141,031 tons, valued at $831,710. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ..... Maintenance Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ ---------- Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work............................................................. Expended for maintenance........................ ...... ........................ .... Appropriated or allotted........ .......................... ............................. Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of ex- isting project-------- -------------------------------- $89, 000 16. BELLINGHAM HARBOR, WASH. Location and description.-Bellingham Harbor is a part of Bell- ingham Bay, an arm of Puget Sound, about 18 miles south of the international boundary and about 100 miles north of Seattle. The harbor is 2 miles wide from east to west and 4 miles long. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 6378.) Original condition.-The harbor had an average depth of 10 fathoms, but entrance to the city of Bellingham was obstructed by tide flats extending from the meander line to low water, a distance of about 2,400 feet. A system of harbor lines provided for three waterways over these flats. The Whatcom Creek Waterway, the only one under improvement, is 363.2 feet wide, 3,500 feet long from Holly Street, New Whatcom (now Bellingham), to the 18- foot curve in Bellingham Bay. Previous projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 13, 1902. The amount expended on this project prior to the adoption of the existing project in 1910 was $56,581.93 for new work and $1,092.05 for maintenance, a total of $57,673.98. For further details of previous project see page 2006 of Annual Report for 1915. Existing project.-This provides for dredging Whatoom Creek Waterway for its full width (363.2 feet) to a depth of 26 feet for the outer 3,800 feet and 18 feet deep for the inner 1,300 feet at mean lower low water. The extreme tidal range is 16.5 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 9.8 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1908, is RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1817 $92,250, exclusive of amount expended under previous project. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $5,000. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910. (H. Doc. No. 1161, 60th Cong., 2d sess.) This docu- ment contains the latest published map. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, required that local interests provide all necessary bulkheads and groins and pay for all necessary filling in connection with the im- provement. These conditions were complied with to the satisfac- tion of the Secretary of War and approved by him on November 22, 1911. In addition to the work required by the act adopting the project, the city of Bellingham has deepened a basin at the inner end of the waterway 1,000 feet long, 330 feet wide, and 35 feet deep at mean lower low water, at a cost of $28,800. Terminal facilities.-There are nine miscellaneous wharves on Whatcom Creek Waterway, one of which is publicly owned. Two are open to general public use. These facilities are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of ter- minal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement has obviated the ex- pense of maintaining long wharves over the tide flats and has re- duced the cost of handling freight. Operationsand results during fiscal year.-No work was done. The sum of $156.38 was expended for inspections and office expenses and charged to maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project was com- pleted in 1913. Shoaling in the inner portion of Whatcom Creek Waterway was removed in 1918 and 1920. The project depth (26 feet for the outer 3,800 feet and 18 feet for the inner 1,300 feet at mean lower low water) is available except for shoaling of about 1 foot for 60 feet of the inner end of the north slip, and for a dis- tance of 400 feet in the center of the waterway. The expenditures under the existing project were $88,554.42 for new work and $15,- 893.30 for maintenance, a total of $104,447.72. Proposed operations.-The unexpended funds will be used in re- moving the shoal at the head of the Whatcom Creek Waterway, when necessary, either by contract or United States plant. In either case the rate of expenditure will be about $130 per day which will ex- haust the funds in about one month. Dredging: One month's operation_ $4, 000. 00 Outstanding liabilities -- -- 111. 26 Office and supervision --------- ------ 17. 04 Total -------------------- 4, 128. 30 The additional sum of $15,000 can be profitably expended for Anaintenance dredging at the head of the waterway and on exist- ing shoals in the waterway, the aggregate of which is 1,200 feet, during the fiscal year 1925, as follows: Three and one-half months' dredging-------------- $14, 000 Office and supervision-------------------- 1, 000 Total-__ ------------------------------------ 15, 000 1818 REPOIT OF. ClIEF OFiENGINEERS,:JU.-: S., ARMY,I 1923. The amount needed for :maintenance: for the -fiscal year 1925 is larger than the average expenditure: for the last five years for the reason that. the business ,of: the port 'requires larger vessels, which requires maintenance of the existing channels to full project depths, which has not been as necessary in the past. The last dredging was done in 1921. Commercial staststics.-The foreign and coastwise commerce, conm- prising 51 per cent of the total tonnage, consisted of 214,879 tons lumber, vlued at, $2;827;904; 142,915: tons floated logs, valued at $797,926; 39,579 tons coal,. valued at $271,465; 30,879 tons canned salmon, valued at: $6,359,274; and 47,566 tons miscellaneouss valued at $4,852,955. This traffic required depths of from 6 to 29 feet. The,local traffic, 'comprising 49 per cent of the total tonnage, con- sisted of 346,610 tons floated logs,: valued at :$1,975,677; 30,536 tons petroleum products; valued at $1,172,688; and 82,551 tons miscella- neous, valued at $6,384,600. Thd 'loc l traffic requires depths up to 13.7 feet. Comparative state.ment. Calendar year. Short tons.' Value. Passengers. Calendar year.; Short tons.' Value. Passengers. 1918........... 207,427 $7043772 63,877 1921......... 514, 595 812, 383, 200 39, 600 1919......... .. 278,383 1 ,029,958 (2) 1922....... 935,515 24,642,489 (2) 1920........... 534, 104 16, 577,763 a 18, 000 ' Includes floated timbers. In 1922, 489,525 tons, valied at $2,773,603. Excludes. car-ferry traffic. In 1922, 184;140tons, valued 9t $9,482,595. 2 No report. sEstimated. &mmary. Fimmcia2a2 Amount expended on all projects to June, 80, 1923, after(deducting receipts from sales, etc., -amounting, to $3.30: New work.----------------------------------------$145; 136.35 Maintenance--------------------------------- 16, 985185 8 Net total. epended-------- --------------- 162,12t1.70 Total appropriations to date of this . eport-----____--- --- -_ 166, 250. 00 Fiscal yearending fund 30. 1919 . , .1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work. .............. .. ......... Expended for maintenance ..... $6,249.49 ............. 3.608. 00 $107.32 $156.38 Appropriated or allotted......... 6,000.00 4,000.00 .............. 4,000.00 ............. deducting receipts from sales, etc. iNONdt -- 'Jul 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------ $4,284. 68 June 30,1923, amount expended during fiscal year for maintenance . 156.38 1, 1923; balance unexpended----------------------- .Jaly, -. 4,128. 30 July 1, 1923, outstanding. Iabilities ----------------------------- 11 L July 1, 1923, balance avaiflable-----------------------------' 4,:017.04 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June '30, '1925, for maintenance .... - - - 115, 000.00 1 - Exclusive of availble funds. RIVERS AN.D HARBORS--SEATTLE, WASRE. DISTRICT. 181i 17. COLUMBIA RIVER BETWEEN ,WENATCHEE AND KETTLE FALLS, WASH. Lccation and description.-The Columbia River rises in British Columbia, flows south across the eastern part of the State of Wash- ington and west to the Pacific Ocean. It is about 1,200 miles in length. The part included in this improvement is between the towns of Wenatchee and Kettle Fall, Wash., and is 477 miles from the mouth Thedrainage area is about 259;000 square- miles. The aver- age low-water season is six months. The discharge at high water is 300,000 second-feet, and at low water 50,000 second-feet. Thee cur- rent is 2 to 15 miles per hour. The fall per mile is 1 to 7 feet, aver- aging 2 feet. The width between banks is 800 to 1,000 feet. There is no published chart showing the location of the improvement. Original'condition.-Navigationover this portion of the river-was possible with light-draft river boats, but dangerous due to numerous rapids and rocks. The -head of navigation was Rickey Rapid4, 50 miles from: the international bbundary line. There was no fixed channel. Previous projects.-The original project for improvement between Wenatchee and Bridgeport Wash., was adopted by the river and har- bor act of'August 18, 1894; and $8;005:20 was expended for new work prior to the adoption of'the existing project in 1907. For further: details of previous project see page 2006 of Annual Report for 1915. There was no previous project for improvement between Bridgeport and Kettle Falls, Wash. Existing project. This provides for rock removal and construc- tion of dikes and wing dams between Wenatchee and Bridgeport, 79 miles; and rock removal to obtain a low-water channel 7 feet deep from Bridgeport to Kettle Falls, 163 miles. The maximum range of water. levels is about 60 feet and the flood, stage is 40 feet. The estimate of cost, revised in 1909, is $167,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The improvement is fairly permanent, requiring no maintenance. The existing project ' was adopted by the following river and har- bor acts: The act of March 2, 1907, provided for the section from Wenatchee to Bridgeport (H. Doc. No. 440, 59th Cong., 2d sess.), and the act of June 25, 1910, provided for the section from Bridge- port to Kettle Falls (R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 16, 60th Cong., 2d sess.). There is no published map of the section below Bridgeport. The latest published map of the section above Bridgeport is in the document last referred to. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The State of Washington provided $50,000 to be expended in the removal of obstructing rocks between Pasco and the international boundary line. A stern-wheel river steamer was purchased and operated by the State, and a small amount of rock removal was done on this,part of the river. After exhaustion of State funds the steamer was loaned to the United States and was used from 1911 to 1914 as a tender for drill scows and in towing and placing scows on the river. Terminal facilities.-None. Effect of improvement.-Below Bridgeport navigation has been made less= dangerous. A railroad now parallels this portion of the 1820 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. river, and no boats are operated at present. Above Bridgeport navi- gation has been made r asonably safe and has furnished an outlet by water for the products of a rich and productive country, a portion of which is not reached by railroads. Operations and results during fiscal year.-There were no opera- tions during the year, and no money was expended. Investigations for power applications were made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-Wenatchee to Bridgeport, Wash.: Under previous project the most dangerous rocks at Rocky Reach and Methow Rapids had been removed. The present project was completed in 1912 as far as justified by commerce on the river, with the exception of the dikes and wing dams, which were.omitted, and a channel 5 feet deep at low water between Wenatchee and Bridgeport obtained. A channel 3,300 feet long, 150 feet wide, and 5 feet deep was dredged at Entiat Rapids. There has been no deterioration of the channel. The head of navigation is Rickey Rapids. The ex- penditures on this section under the existing project were $66,148.36 for new work and $851.64 for maintenance, a total of $67,000. Bridgeport to Kettle Falls, Wash.: All work contemplated was completed in 1917. While the project depth of 7 feet has not been obtained over all parts of the improvement, the removal of obstruc- tive rocks has made the river safely navigable at all stages except high water from Wenatchee to Grand Rapids. The expenditures were $200,236.97 for new work and $6,840.94 for maintenance, a total of $207,077.91. The expenditures on both sections, exclusive of the expenditures under previous project, were $266,385.33 for new work and $7,692.58 for maintenance, a total of $274,077.91. Proposed operations.-No work is contemplated, and no further reports will be submitted. Commercial statistics.-The building of a railroad paralleling the river between Wenatchee and Bridgeport has decreased boat traffic, which can hardly compete on account of the swift current. While the river above Bridgeport is used to a limited extent, the traffic is principally between Pateros and Bridgeport. The commerce consisted of 2,500 tons of wheat, valued at $125,000; 4,000 tons of fresh fruit, valued at $250,000; and 100 tons of coal, valued at $1,400. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. 1918.................... 4,415 $300,000 1921..................... 11,755 $563,150 1919...................... 4,282 250,000 1922...................... 6, 600 376,400 1920............... ... 3,742 188, 000 No passengers reported. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $9,776.53: New work__----------------------------------------$274,390. 53 Maintenance--------------------------- 7, 692. 58 Net total expended ---- ------------------- 282, 083. 11 Total appropriations to date of this report---- ----------- 282, 083. 11 RIVERS AND HARBORS-SEATTLE, WASH., DISTRICT. 1821 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work......... ......... ................ ..... ........... Expended for maintenance 1 ..... 5,890.06 $13.15 .................. . ...... ...... Appropriated or allotted........ 2, 500. 00 . ..................... ........ ............. 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 18. OPERATING AND CARE OF LAKE WASHINGTON SHIP CANAL, WASH. The improvement for which report is made under this caption forms part of the project for Lake Washington Ship Canal, Wash. See pages 1803 to 1808, where general information regarding the improvement can be found. The large lock has been operated and maintained under the permanent indefinite appropriation since April 8, 1916. The small lock and dam have been operated under the same appropriation since July 30, 1916. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The work carried on is the operation of both locks and the dam and maintenance of gates, valves, machinery, buildings, and grounds. Both locks were oper- ated throughout the year and necessary repairs were made, the work being done with hired labor. The expenditures were $71,869.04. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The double lock and dam were completed in 1916. For details see report on " Lake Washington Ship Canal." The total expenditure from the permanent indefinite appropriation has been $496,500.83. Proposed operations.-The locks and dam will be operated and maintained under allotments from the permanent indefinite appro- priation provided by section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1909. Commercial statistics.-The commerce in 1922 consisted of 936,- 261 tons of logs, valued at $4,781,742; 429,620 tons sand and gravel, valued at $429,620; 234,101 tons of lumber, valued at $2,809,212; 109,953 tons of coal, valued at $1,319,436; and 204,464 tons mis- cellaneous, valued at $5,521,220; and was carried on the following drafts: 3 to 7 feet, 60 per cent; 7 to 18 feet, 38 per cent; 18 to 29 feet, 2 per cent. The traffic in commodities through the canal, except a small por- tion of that in logs and lumber, has been made possible by the work already completed under the project. Prior to opening the canal, traffic did not extend easterly beyond the confines of Salmon Bay and consisted mainly of logs and lum- ber; the quantity and value of those commodities moved has been increased, and many additional ones have appeared, siice towing in and out of Lakes Union and Washington has been made possible by the opening of the entire canal. No lines Qf transportation have been abandoned, but since no traffic was possible in an easterly direction beyond Salmon Bay prior to the opening of the waterway, all boats and tows using the canal between Salmon Bay and Lakes Union and Washington con- stitute new lines of transportation of an irregular character, the traffic not yet being of sufficient extent to justify the permanent es- tablishment of regular lines. 182. RJPORT.OF CHIF- OF.ENGIEERS,U, S. ARMY^ 1923. Comparative statement. 1 Calendar year. ,Short tons., 3 Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. , 8 Value. Passengers . 1918........... 765,429 $6, 521,130 20, 459 1921........... 1,503, 766 $14,777, 343 32, 075 1919...... .. 1,020, 710- 9,520,371 25,715 1922.........2 1,914,399 14, 1, 230 38,734 1920.......... 1, 368,898 15, 567,829 28, 636 iIncludes floated timbers. In 1922, 1,004,803 tons, valued at $5,500,481. 'opqes irn1ql oItc ir e34,9 i ,-valug4 St $36,943, sIncluded in statistics for Seattle Harbok. EX4MINATIQNS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACTS APPROyED 1ARGI 4, 1913, JULY 27, 1916, JUNE 5, 19 20, AND SEPTEM- BER- 22, 1922. The local 'engineer, was ,chargpd with th, .duty. of naking.preliui- nary examinitions and surveys.irpvided for,by the .ver an ;harbor acts of March 4, 1913, Jtily 2~, 1916, ,Jwe, 5,.19~0,: a September, 22, 1922, as follows, and reports t:hereon will be duly subntted when received: 1. Snoiwmish. River, .W 4as. Z,. Everett Harbor,.Wash. 3.:Duwarnish Waterway, Seattle Harbor, Wash., with,a view of widening or deepening, or both widening ad deepening, the, channl to accommodate presentand ,faturecommerce. 4.,, Entrance to Port Orc1hard Bay, Wash. 5. Skagit River, Wash., 6.Everett Harbor, Wash. 7. Puget.Sound, and ,triez 4ry, waters, Wash., parti9ularly, in,re- spect to thy. condition of thechannels and ;mnuths of such rivers,, with a:view to the clearing tof, such- channels: and rputh s of sa d,bays; an other obstructions by the use of a suction dredge or otherwise., 8. Bellingiwhai Harbor, Wah.. 9. * * Puyalltp-Rivers, Wash, with a view. tp preparing plans and estimates of cast for the preventign and.control of floods onasaidrivers and their tributaries and to determining the extent to which the United States and local interests- should cooperate in car- rying out. any. plans recommended. IMPROVEMENT, OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE JUNEAU, ALASKA, DISTRICT. This district includes the Territory aofAlaska. District engineer: Maj, James G. Steese, United States Army, retired. Division engineer: District engineer authorized to act as division engineer. IMPROVEMENTS. Page. Page. 1. Nome Harbor, Alaska.-------. 1822 2. Wrangle Harbor, Alaska- 1826 1. NOME HARBOR, ALASKA. Loation and description.-Nome Harbor is in the portion of Nbrton Sound in front of the city of Nome, Alaska, at the mouth of the Snake River. It is a shallow, open roadstead about 115 miles RIVERS AND HARBORS-JUNEAU, ALASKA, DISTRICT. 1823 north of the Apoon Mouth of the Yukon River and 125 miles north- west of St. Michael Harbor. The Snake River is a small stream, about 20 miles long, which rises in the plateau north of Nome and empties into Nome Harbor. It has a drainage area of approximately 110 square miles and a discharge of 25 to 650 second-feet. The width between banks is about 125 feet. The length of tidal reach is one- half mile. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 9380.) Original condition.-The harbor was a shallow, open roadstead. The river mouth was obstructed by a sand bar with a depth of about 1l feet, except in the river channel, which was about 30 feet wide and 2 to 3 feet deep. Outside the bar the depth increased gradually from 6 to 14 feet at 1,400 feet from shore. Inside the bar the depth was about 6 feet. The available depth in the Snake River was 5 to 6 feet. (All references are at mean lower low water.) The head of navigation in the Snake River was about one-half mile above its mouth. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.--This provides for two parallel timber and con- crete jetties, each 400 feet long, at the mouth of the Snake River, and a channel 8 feet deep at mean lower low water from Norton Sound, through Snake River, to the mouth of Bourbon and Dry Creeks, in the city of Nome, ending in a basin of similar depth 200 feet wide and 250 feet long and revetting the banks of the river. The length of the section included in the project is 1,500 feet. The extreme tidal range is 2.8 feet. The range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 1.4 feet. The water levels are more de- pendent on wind than tide, an offshore wind sometimes causing a level of from 2 to 3 feet below mean lower low water for days at a time and a level of 14 feet above mean lower low water having been noted as a result of storms. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1921, is $273,000. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $12,500 for the first year and $7,500 per year thereafter, of which $2,500 per year is to be con- tributed by the city of Nome. The project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917. (H. Doc. No. 1932, 64th Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map is in the above-mentioned docu- ment. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Inaccordance with the provisions of the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, the city of Nome furnished evi- dence, accepted by the Secretary of War, on December 22, 1917, that it would contribute $2,500 annually toward the maintenance of the improvement and furnish all lands or easements necessary to the proper execution of the work. These conditions have been met. Terminal facilities.-Traffic from ocean vessels is lightered to and from shore, a distance of 11 to 2 miles. There is one privately owned wharf, about 75-foot front, which is open to general public use on payment of wharfage charges. When weather permits, the lighters and small coastwise vessels load and unload directly on the beach. The present terminal is not considered adequate for the existing com- merce, but, due to ice conditions and the exposed nature of the beach, adequate terminals can not be maintained under present conditions. 61637-ENG 1923---115 1824 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Even with the work incomplete, some use was made of the harbor as shelter for small coasting vessels. One hundred and five tons of freight was received in this way without lighterage and thus a direct saving of $1,500 resulted. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Dredging to the extent of 3,642.6 cubic yards was done in the fall of 1922, and 852 cubic yards in the spring of 1923. The west revetment was completed. An ice jam in the mouth of the river was blown out by dynamite in May, 1923. The expenditure was $12,709.02 for new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is completed. Re- dredging is necessary to remove shoaling which was caused by winter storms. The controlling depth at mean lower low water on June 30, 1923, was eight feet in the river and in the basin. The sum of $271,343.85 has been expended for new work. Proposed operations.-During the working season of 1923 the channel will be redredged. This will entail the removal of about 5,000 cubic yards of material. The project as now authorized was otherwise completed during the fiscal year. The sum of $5,000 can be profitably expended for maintenance during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-The imports consist of general merchan- dise, lumber, fuel, and supplies. The chief exports are gold, tin, fish, reindeer meat, and furs. Comparative statement. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Calendar year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1917.......... 17, 981 $1,199, 760 2,834 1920.......... 13,045 $2,798,000 1, 931 1918......... 113 557 2 141 213 1, 901 1921........ 10, 091 43 235 1847 1919........... 1 452 4,365 551 1,867 1922.......... 22954 1876 413 1 633 1Incomplete. s Includes estimated value of 8,064 tons not included in detailed statistics. = Includes gold ($1,356,716) not reported prior to 1919. Deep-sea vessels anchor about 2 miles offshore and cargoes are lightered ashore on small barges having a draft of 4 feet. The draft of the deep-sea vessels varies from 18 to 25 feet. The small coastwise boats that distribute the freight from Nome to the various ports on Bering Sea, the Arctic coast of Alaska, and the northeast Siberian ports draw from 3 to 7 feet loaded, and consist of gasoline boats and motor-driven schooners. Financial summary. UNITED STATES FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,049.01: New work-- ------------------- -------------------- $271, 343. 85 Maintenance.----------------- Total appropriations to date of this report -------- 287, 950. 13 RIVERS AND HARBORS-JUNEAU, ALASKA, [)ISTRIr. 1825 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1... $16, 027. 01 $122, 395. 05 $82, 627. 46 $38, 010. 96 $12, 709.02 maintenance.....-......................."..............."............. Expended for maintenance... Expended Appropriated or allotted......... 43,00.00 103,950. 13 20,000.00 3, 500.00 12, 500.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended___-___- ___---__----- $16, 815. 30 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 30, 1922 ----------------------------------------- 12, 500. 00 29, 315. 30 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work__ 12, 709. 02 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ----------------------------16, 606. 28 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities____--- $1, 606.28 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts._ 8, 811. 50 10, 417. 78 July 1, 1923, balance available---------6-------------- - 6, 188. 50 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance--------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work----------------------------------------------- 0. 00 Maintenance---------------------- -- --------------------- 0. 00 Total contributions to date of this report--------------------- $2, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.......................... Expended for maintenance.................... Contributed..................... .... ......... ........................... $2,500.00 Amount contributed by city of Nome, Alaska-- -------------- $2, 500. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_ -__--------------- 2, 500. 00 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ._---------- _-- $2, 135. 18 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts__ 364. 82 2, 500. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR NOME HARBOR, ALASKA. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1,049.01: New work -------------------------------------- $271, 343. 85 Maintenance _... ........ Total appropriations and contributions to date of this report---- 290, 450. 13 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........ $16, 027. 01 $122, 395. 05 $82, 627. 46 $38, 010. 96 $12,709.02 Expended for maintenance............... Appropriated or allotted.......... 43, 000. 00 103, 950.13 20, 000.00 3,500.00 15, 000. 00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2Exclusive of available funds. 1826 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended__------------------------ $16, 815.30 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 30, 1922--_ --------------------------------- 12, 500. 00 Amount contributed by city of Nome -------------------- 2, 500. 00 31, 815.30 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work___. 12, 709. 02 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -------------------- 19,106. 28 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities----------------- $3, 741. 46 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts__ 9, 176. 32 12, 917. 78 July 1, 1923, balance available------------------------------ 6, 188. 50 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance --- -------------------- ---- '5, 000. 00 2. WRANGELL HARBOR, ALASKA. Location and description.-Wrangell Harbor is located on the west side of the northern end of Wrangell Island, 824 miles from Seattle and 160 miles from Juneau. It is a natural indentation of the coast line 1,200 feet in width by 3,000 feet in length. The harbor is never icebound. The locality is shown on United States Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 8164. Original condition.-While protected from westerly and south- westerly storms, the entire harbor was open to storms from the northwest. The controlling depth in the entrance channel is 10 fathoms at low water and about 15 acres, or one-half of the harbor area, has depths of more than 18 feet at mean lower low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the construction of a break- water 300 feet long to protect the southern portion of the harbor. The mean range of tide is 13.8 feet; extreme tidal range, 24.8 feet. Heavy swells dangerous to small fishing boats are caused by the wind which causes an additional rise of about 1 foot. The esti- mate of cost for new work, made in 1921, is $50,000. It is expected that there will be little or no expense for maintenance. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act approved September 22, 1922 (H. Doc. No. 161, 67th Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in the project document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-None. Terminal facilities.-Terminal facilities consist of two commer- cial wharves, a cannery wharf, and a sawmill wharf. All are open pile structures. The commercial wharves are privately owned, but are open to public use on payment of wharfage charges. The westerly one has ample depths for deep-draft vessels. Terminal facilities are adequate for existing commerce. Effect of improvement.-No work has yet been done on the project. Operations and results during fiscal year.-No work was done and no expenditures made. Condition at end of fiscal year.-This is a new project on which construction work has not yet been started. There has been no ex- penditure. Condition is as given in the paragraph Original con- dition. 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-HONOLULU, HAWAII, DISTRICT. 1827 Propased operations.-With the funds provided, it is proposed, during the fiscal year 1924, to let a contract for the construction of the breakwater complete. No maintenance will be necessary and no funds in addition to those available can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925. Commercial statistics.-No statistics were collected for the year 1922. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work.. --- Maintenance.... Total appropiations to date of this report_-- ---- ____-__---- $50, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. - 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work................... ............. ..... Expended for maintenance.................. .................................... Appropriated or allotted................_................... ................ $50,000.00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923--------------- ------ $50, 00. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------50, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, outstanding liablities --- - - -- _----_-50. - _______ 00 July 1, 1923, balance available_ ..---------- __ - -_____ 49, 950. 00 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED SEPTEMBER 2 2, 19 2 2. The local engineer was charged with the duty of making pre- liminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Tolovanct River, Alaska. 2. Yukon-Kuskokwin Portage, Alaska. 3. English By, St. Paul Island, Alaska. 4. Gastineau Channel and adjacent waters, Alaska, with a view to improving the connection with existing steamship routes. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE HONOLULU, HAWAII, DISTRICT. This district includes all islands in the Hawaiian group. District engineer: Maj. W. A. Johnson, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. Herbert Deakyne, Corps of Engineers. IMPROVEMENTS. [The letters and figures in parentheses after the titles indicate the group, and the numeri- cal order in the group, to which the respective improvements belong for purposes of appropriation.] Page. Page. 1. Honolulu Harbor, Ha w aii 3. Hilo Harbor, Hawaii (A3)__ 1834 (Al) ---------- 1828 4. Nawiliwili Harbor, Hawaii 2. Kahului Harbor, Ha waii (A4) ---- _-- __ __ __1836 (A2) ------ _ 1831 1828 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. HONOLULU, KAHULUI, HILO, AND NAWILIWILI HARBORS, HAWAII. (GROUP A.) 1. HONOLULU HARBOR, HAWAII. (Al.) Location and description.-This harbor is located on the south coast of the island of Oahu, about 2,100 miles from San Francisco. It is an inlet in a coral roof and protected by an artificial island formed from dredge spoil. The harbor proper has an average width of 1,200 and a length of 4,000 feet. The entrance channel is 400 by 3,400 feet. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 4116.) Original condition.-The harbor resulted from a fresh-water- stream restricting the coral growth. Prior to July 1, 1904, the mon- archical, republican, and Territorial governments of Hawaii had done considerable work and had secured a 200-foot entrance chan- nel with a depth of 35 feet at low water. The inner harbor comprised about 64 acres and had a general width of 80 feet and a length of 3,500 feet, with a minimum depth of 27 feet. The head of naviga- tion was about 1.4 miles from the entrance. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for an entrance channel 35 feet deep at mean lower low water and 400 feet wide; deepening the inner harbor to 35 feet at mean lower low water, with a general width of 1,200 feet; easing the curve where the entrance channel joins the inner harbor; and dredging to 35 feet at mean lower low water an area along the " Reserved Channel" 800 feet wide and 1,000 feet long. The range of tide between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 1.9 feet and the extreme tidal range under ordinary conditions 2.3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1923, is $2,593,000. The latest (1917) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $11,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 3, 1905, provided for all the improve- ment except the dredging along the Reserved Channel (Annal Re- port for 1905, p. 2565); and the act of August 8, 1917, provided for the Reserved Channel improvement (H. Doc. No. 392, 64th Cong., 1st sess.). The latest published map is in Annual Report for 1919, page 3493. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions were imposed by law at the time of adoption of the project, but the Territory of Hawaii ex- pended $294,275.78 in dredging the entrance channel and harbor prior to adoption of the project by the United States Government. In addition to this amount, the Territory has spent on other har- bor facilities, including sea walls, buoys, wharves, and dredging slips, since 1900, $3,186,266.01. Terminal facilities.-There are 28 wharves and piers, of which 6 are owned by the United States, 13 by the Territory of Hawaii, 4 by the Oahu Railway & Land Co., and 5 by the Inter-Island Steam Navigation Co. All except those owned by the United States are open to the use of all on equal terms. There are also a floating RIVERS AND HARBORS-HONOLULU, HAWAII, DISTRICT: 1829 dry dock and a mechanically operated coaling plant, both privately owned. The Territory has dredged a channel through the reef to Kewalo Basin for the use of the numerous fishing craft and lumber schooners which now occupy considerable space in Honolulu Har- bor. The existing facilities, are considered adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Commerce has been facilitated; vessels requiring more than 27 feet could not enter the harbor previous to the improvement. The largest vessels now enter the harbor and lighterage has been eliminated. The effects on freight rates are not known. Operations and results during fiscal year.-A contract, under a continuing-contract authorization, for removing shoals in upper end of harbor, and the dredging of an area in Reserved Channel, 800 feet wide and 1,000 feet back from the harbor, was made Febru- ary 19, 1923. With the exception of a few places where the re- quired depth was not secured, the removal of the shoals was com- pleted and blasting in Reserved Channel was commenced. The ex- penditures were $19,270.86 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 74 per cent com- pleted. The entrance channel has the required depth of 35 feet at mean lower low water, with a minimum width of 400 feet. The inner harbor has a minimum width of 1,200 feet and a maximum width of 1,400 feet, with a depth of 35 feet at mean lower low water. Last survey June, 1922. To complete the project there remains to be dredged an area 800 feet by 1,000 feet in Reserved Channel. The inner harbor, when the project is completed, will have an area of about 130 acres in addition to a straight entrance channel 400 feet wide and 3,400 feet long. 'The expenditures have been $1,652,467.75, of which $1,558,623.65 has been for new work and $93,844.10 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-Underauthority of section 10 of the river and harbor act approved September 22, 1922, a continuing contract for dredging 1,296,000 cubic yards from the harbor proper and reserve channel was entered into under date of February 19, 1923. The balance unexpended will be used in making payments to the contractor for earnings under the contract herein referred to and for supervision and office expenses. It is estimated that these funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. An additional sum of $300,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925 for payments under the existing contract and for supervision and office expenses. Commercial statistics.-The exports consist mainly of sugar and canned pineapples, while the imports consist of all kinds of manu- factured goods, foodstuffs, fuel, fertilizer, clothing, building ma- terials, etc. Since the opening of the Panama Canal many vessels have made Honolulu a port of call for coal and fuel oil. The usual limit of draft is 30 feet with occasional boats drawing as much as 32 feet. 1830 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Comparative statement. Year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918........ 1,625,669 $175,119, 965 112,520 1921..... . 1, 709,336 $191,758,609 167,559 1919 ..... .. 889914 255, 095, 031 134, 329 1922.... . 1, 789, 991 177,947,698 158, 540 1920........ 2,039,046 282,675,003 149,862 1922. Class. Short tons. Value. Trans-Pacific .................. ................................ 1,481,586 $138,034,861 Interisland.......................................................... 308,405 39,912,837 1,789, 991' 177,947,698 Not included in above figures: Cargoes in transit 1,546,812 tons valued at $266,462,234. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $32: New work --------------------------------------- $1, 558, 623. 65 Maintenance ----------------------------------------- 93, 844. 10 Net total expended________ 1________-_______ 1, 652, 467. 75 Total appropriations to date of this report-- --------- 934, 300. 00 1------, Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1... 9, 463. 31 $107, 823.39 $104,311.30 ...................... Expended for maintenance 1... 5,183.16 ...... ........ 2,500.00 $3, 890.58 $19, 270.86 Total expended 1......... 14,646.47 107, 823.39 106, 811.30 3, 890.8 19, 270.86 Appropriated or alloted.......... 125,000.00 ................................... 300,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ---------------------------- $1, 102. 61 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved June 80, 1922-------- --------------------------------- 300, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923_---------------- . 50 301,103. 11 June 30, - 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- nance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 19, 270.86 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended___- ------------------ 281, 832.25 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ---------- -__- _ $7, 230. 96 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts 254, 636. 09 261, 867. 05 July 1, 1923, balance available------_-_-_- ------ 19, 965. 20 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project-- ---------- ------ -------- ' 760, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work-.-.-.. ------------ '300, 000.00 -___ 1Not deducting receipts from sales, et'. 2 Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS-HONOLULU, HAWAII, DISTRICT. 1831 2. KAHULUI HARBOR, HAWAII. (A2.) Location and description.-This harbor is on the north coast of the island of Maui, about 94 miles by water S. 18° E. from Honolulu and about 120 miles by water N. 410 W. from Hilo. It is an inlet dredged in a coral reef and has a general width of 700 feet and an area of about 25 acres partially protected by two breakwaters. See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 4116. Original condition.-The inlet was exposed to the prevailing northeast trade winds and to severe storms from the north. Vessels had no natural protection while using the harbor. Prior to the adop- tion of a project by the United States Government the Kahului Rail- way Co., at its own expense, had constructed a rubble-mound break- water 1,800 feet in length and had dredged some 300,000 cubic yards from the natural basin in lee of the breakwater. This basin, inside a line bearing northeast through the end of the breakwater, had an area of 11- acres with a minimum depth of 35 feet mean lower low water. The head of navigation, measured from the end of the breakwater, was 1,200 feet. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for the extension to a total length of 2,000 feet of the privately constructed rubble-mound breakwater on the east side of the harbor, for a rubble-mound breakwater on the west side with an approximate length of 2,000 feet, and for the dredging of a basin in the lee of the east breakwater to a depth of 35 feet, mean lower low tide, and a general width of 900 feet. The range of the tide between mean lower low water and higher high water is 2.4 feet and the extreme tidal range under normal condi- tions is 3.4 feet. The estimate of cost for new work, revised in 1918, is $744,300. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of June 25, 1910, provided for the extension of the east breakwater and the dredging of basin (H. Doc. No. 593, 61st Cong., 2d sess.); and the act of July 27, 1916, provided for the west breakwater (H. Doc. No. 1330, 62d Cong., 3d sess.). The latest published map is in Annual Report for 1919, page 3496. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Location cooperation.-Underthe provisions of the act of June 25, 1910, the present project was adopted subject to the following con- ditions, as set forth in the project document: 1. That the Kahului Railroad Co. cede to the United States, free of cost, any rights it may have in the existing breakwater, and agree to make no claim for reimbursement for work done by it in constructing the breakwater or in im- proving the harbor. 2. That provision be made for a public street of proper width giving access to wharf. The above conditions were complied with under dates of Septem- ber 14 and of December 8, 1910. The Territory of Hawaii has spent $87,364.35'in dredging a slip, and $300,823.68 on a wharf. 1832 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The Kahului Railroad Co. spent previous to the adoption of the project- For breakwater construction------------- ----- $37, 644. 65 For harbor dredging------------------------------------------ 79, 222. 97 For moorings and buoys_----- --------------------------- 48, 041. 20 164, 908. 82 And since the adoption of the project-- For moorings and buoys-------------------- -------------- 36, 079. 87 Total------------ -------------------------------------- 200, 988. 69 In addition to the above, the Kahului Railroad has spent on other harbor improvements $161,624.74. A reinforced concrete wharf is being erected by the Territorial government, for which an appropriation of $600,000 is available. Terminal facilities.-There are two terminals, a wharf and a pier, both privately owned, but open to all on equal terms. The wharf is accessible only to lighters and small boats. The pier can berth vessels drawing 22 feet, and was constructed under a license from the Ter- ritory of Hawaii, which has the right to purchase the pier when de- sired. A reinforced concrete wharf for large vessels is being con- structed by the Territorial government, and when this wharf is completed the facilities will be adequate for existing commerce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The loading of vessels is no longer inter- rupted by heavy seas, except during severe storms from the north, and when the wharf now under construction is completed, all vessels will berth at wharves and lighterage will be eliminated. The effect on freight rates is not known. Operations and results during fiscal year.--A survey of the harbor was made. The expenditures were $2,016.40 for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is completed. The east breakwater was completed in 1913 and the west breakwater in 1919. The dredged basin was completed November 17, 1919, and has an average width of 900 feet and an area of about 31 acres, having a minimum depth of 35 feet at mean lower low water with a slight shoaling in the western part of the dredged basin. Last survey June, 1923. On January 20, 1921, a severe storm damaged the west breakwater. The expenditures were $780,600.37; of which $718,259.26 was for new work and $62,341.11 for maintenance. Proposed operations.--The funds unexpended will be used for routine work in connection with the care of the harbor. With the amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925, $2,000, it is proposed to make surveys to determine shoals, and for such routine work as is required for the maintenance of the harbor. The funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-Sugar is the principal export while the imports varied, consisting principally of food stuffs, building materials, fertilizer, livestock, etc. The usual limit of draft of boats using the harbor is 30 feet. RIVERS AND HARBORS-HONOLULU, HAWAII, DISTRICT. 1833 Comparative statement. Year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918 ........ 232,835 $27,829,517 12,183 1921......... 177,620 $20,613,558 20,201 1919........ 242,943 32,116, 437 12,734 1922........229,293 23,948,700 22,039 1920........ 228,286 37,257,112 17,860 KAHULUI HARBOR, 1922. Passenger traffic. Class. Short tons. Value. Arrivals. Departures. Total. Trans-Pacific ......................... 200,710 $18,955,389 636 385 1, 021 Interisland ........................... 28,583 4,993,311 10,617 10,401 21,018 229,293 23,948,700 11,253 10,786 22,039 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $1.50: New work----- --------------------------------- $718, 259. 26 Maintenance--- -------------------------------------- 62, 341.11 Net total expended---------------------------------780. 600.37 Total appropriations to date of this report-------------------- 781, 077. 66 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ $113,750.21 $135,180. 88.. Expended for maintenance 1..... 26,330. 61 .............. $1, 244.71 2, 541.29 $2, 016. 40 Total expended 1.......... 140, 080.82 135,180. 88 1,244.71 2, 541.29 2,016.40 Appropriated or allotted.......... 10,000. 00 154, 300. 00 .............. ............. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------------------------- $15, 716. 03 Deduction on account of amount transferred to Nawiliwili Harbor- 13, 222. 34 2, 493. 69 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance 2,016.40 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-- --------------------------- 477. 29 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities----------------------------- 75. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available----------- -------------------- 402. 29 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance. --------------------------------- 2, 000. 00 3. HILO HARBOR, HAWAII. (A3.) Location and description.-This harbor is on the east coast of the island of Hawaii, about 200 miles by water southeast from Honolulu 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1834 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. and about 120 miles by water S. 410 E. from Kahului. "It is an open roadstead protected by a breakwater. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 4115.) Original condition.-The harbor was slightly protected from the effects of the prevailing northeast trade winds by a reef over which there was an average depth of 22 feet. There was ample depth of water inside the reef, but just in front of the city the 30-foot contour was 3,000 feet from the shore line. A wharf had been constructed at the east end of the harbor near the mouth of Waiakea River for boats having a maximum draft of 20 feet. The freight of trans- Pacific boats was lightered to the wharves on Waiakea River near its mouth. This stream has not been improved by the United States; it had a controlling depth of 4 feet at mean lower low water, and this depth is maintained by private interests. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a rubble-mound breakwater about 7,000 feet long and for dredging a channel 35 feet deep at mean lower low water over the shoals at the entrance to Kuhio Bay, which is that part of the harbor sheltered by the breakwater. The range of tide between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is 2.3 feet, and the extreme range under ordinary conditions is 3.2 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1906 is $1,700,000. No estimate of cost for annual maintenance was submitted in the project documents. The existing project was authorized by the following river and harbor acts: The act of March 2, 1907, provided for the breakwater (H. Doc. No. 407, 59th Cong., 2d sess.), and the act of July 25, 1912, provided for the dredging at the entrance to Kuhio Bay, without increasing the original limit of cost (H. Doc. No. 417, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). The latest published map is in Annual Report for 1919, page 3500. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-No conditions have been imposed by law. The Territory of Hawaii has spent $47,990 in dredging Kuhio Bay and $656,636.59 on other harbor improvements and facilities. Terminal facilities.-There is one wharf, owned by the Territory of Hawaii, and it is open to all on equal terms. The Territory is constructing an additional wharf at a cost of $500,000. When this wharf is completed, the facilities will be adequate for existing com- merce. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-Commerce has been facilitated to the ex- tent that the completed portion of the breakwater provides a com- paratively smooth harbor during the prevailing winds and renders sufficient protection to permit vessels to load and unload at a wharf eliminating lighterage. No protection is yet afforded from the north or west of north, but progressive improvement in the harbor is ap- parent as the breakwater advances. The effect upon freight rates is not known. Operations and results during fiscal year.-None. A survey of the harbor was made. The expenditures were $2,078.91, all for maintenance. RIVERS AND HARBORS-HONOLULU, HAWAII, DISTRICT. 1835 Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is 71 per cent com- pleted; 5,390 feet of the breakwater have been completed and 1,275 feet of the incomplete section have been built in advance of the com- pleted portion. The completed portion of the breakwater is in good condition, but the incomplete portion, which has no large protecting stones, has been considerably damaged by wave action. The shoals at the entrance to Kuhio Bay were removed in 1914. The minimum depth at mean lower low water is 33 feet. Last survey, June, 1923. The work remaining to be done is the extension of the breakwater as far as the original estimate of cost will permit. The total ex- penditures have been $1,325,133.32, of which $1,318,749.02 was for new work and $6,384.30 for maintenance. Proposed operations.-With the balance unexpended it is pro- posed to extend the breakwater as far as the funds will permit. Inasmuch as no contract has been let for this work, it is indefinite as to when the available funds will be spent, and as the entire amount of the estimated cost of the project has been appropriated no addi tional funds will be required for the fiscal year 1925. Commercial statistics.-Sugar is the main export while the im- ports are varied and consist of manufactured goods, foodstuffs, fuel, fertilizer, fodder, building materials, etc. Comparative statement. Year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. Year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918........ 348,148 $41, 933, 752 854 31, 1921........ 287, 443 $32,275, 949 43,821 1919 ........ 388, 983 55, 051, 095 37, 760 1922........ 256, 654 25, 852, 632 45, 594 1920........ 316,162 64, 554, 724 41,524 HILO HARBOR, 1922. Short tons. Value. Trans-Pacific ........... .. .. ................................ 220, 042 $20,887,356 Interisland. ................................................................................ 36,612 965,276 256,654 25, 852,632 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after de- ducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $22.25: New work_ _ $1, 318, 749. 02 Maintenance--- 384. 30 6------------------------ Net total expended -------------------------------- 1, 325, 133. 32 Total appropriations to date of this report 701 000. 00 1_______________-1, Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ . . 3155, 976. 79. . .. .. .. . . ... . .$2,561.33 . . . .. ................................ Expended for maintenance 1 $1,551.70 $2, 657. 69 $2, 078. 91 Appropriated or allotted............. ... . ... ..... ...................... 375, 000 00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1836 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Jlly 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------------------------- $2, 941.59 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923--------- ------ ---------------- 375, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 ----------------- 4.00 377, 945. 59 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for main- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - - tenance 2, 078. 91 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------- -375, 866. 68 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities _______- - -______________ 80. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available .---.----------- _____ _ 375, 786. 68 4. N4WILIWILI HARBOR, HAWAII. (A4.) Location and description.-This harbor is located on the south- east coast of the island of Kauai, about 100 miles by water N. 650 W. form Honolulu. It is an inlet in a rocky shore at the mouth of a small stream. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 4102.) Original condition.-The harbor is somewhat protected by a high rocky bank on the north and a high mountain on the south. The prevailing northeast trade winds cause heavy seas to enter this har- bor. The bay is divided into an inner and an outer harbor by a natural reef extending from the south shore about two-thirds of the distance across the harbor. The inner harbor has several channels separated by shoals. The outer harbor is deep. Only interisland boats visit this harbor and they anchor, when the conditions are favorable, in the lee of the north bank near Kukii Point. At other times they anchor off in deep water. Freight and passengers are transferred between ships and a small whar'f by rowboats. The depth of water at the terminal is 4 feet at mean lower low water. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for a rubble mound breakwater about 2,450 feet in length, along the reef which separates this bay into an inner and an outer harbor; for an entrance channel 35 feet deep with a minimum width of 400 feet and a length of about 2,400 feet, for a harbor basin 35 feet deep, 1,025 feet wide, and with an average length of about 2,000 feet. The plane of reference is mean lower low water. The tidal range between mean lower low water and mean higher high water is about 2 feet, the extreme tidal range being about 3 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1911 is $1,086,000. The latest (1911) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $10,000. The existing project was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1919 (H. Doc. No. 609, 62d Cong., 2d sess.). Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of March 2, 1919, adopted the project subject to the following conditions: Provided, That work on the project herein adopted shall not be commenced until the Secretary of War is satisfied that railroad connections will be made within a reasonable time which will make the harbor of Nawiliwili accessible by land to the entire southern portion of the island: Provided further, That no contract for work herein appropriated for shall be entered into until the county of Kauai, or other agency, .shall have deposited to the credit of the 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. RIVEas AND HARBORS--HONOLULU, HAWAII, DISTRICT. 1837 Secretary of War, in some bank in the Territory of Hawaii to be designated by him, the sum of $200,000, which sum shall be expended by the Secretary of War in the further prosecution of said work, in the same manner and in equal amounts as the sum herein appropriated: And provided further, That the Territory of Hawaii is authorized to condemn such strip of land, not less than 600 feet wide, fronting on the proposed wharf sites and extending from Huleia River northerly to the public road and the Wai Ko Nui Stream, and all rights of way and other lands required for the breakwater and construction work thereon as shall be approved by the Secretary of War; and no contract for work herein appropriated for shall be entered into until the Territory of Hawaii shall have commenced condemnation proceedings to acquire such lands and rights of way; and no expense shall be incurred by the United States for acquiring or using such lands and rights of way: And provided further, That the Secretary of War is authorized to condemn a quarry site or sites, with rights of way thereto, the awards therefor to be paid out of the funds ap- propriated for this project; and the quarries when so acquired may be made available to any contractors for work on this project on terms to be fixed by the Secretary of War. The above conditions have been complied with. Terminal facilities.-Only one terminal for lightering freight in rowboats exists. It is owned and regulated by the Territory of Hawaii and open to all on equal terms. The terminal is adequate under present conditions, but additional facilities will be required after the harbor is improved. Effect of improvement.-The improvement has not reached the stage to have any effect on commerce. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-During the fiscal year 567 feet of the breakwater was constructed, making a total of 967 feet. The expenditures during the year amounted to $156,, 444.27, all for new work; $91,705.11 from United States funds and $64,739.16 from contributed funds. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The project is about 46 per cent completed. A large area in the quarry has been stripped of over- burden. The completed portion of the breakwater is in good condi- tion, but does not yet furnish sufficient protection to permit of com- mencing dredging operations. The amount expended is $462,002.40, all for new work, $262,268.21 being from United States funds and $199,734.19 from contributed funds. Proposed operations.-With the balance unexpended it is pro- posed to continue the construction of the breakwater by day labor, at a rate of expenditure of about $13,000 per month, and it is expected that the funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1925. The amount that can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925 ($200,000) will be applied to dredging at the rate of approximately $15,000 per month for contract estimates and $1,666 per month for superintendence and contingencies, and it is expected that the funds will be exhausted by June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-No trans-Pacific ships make this harbor a port of call, and the only commerce is interisland. At this port all freight and passengers have to be lightered by means of yawls. Because of this, most of the traffic intended for this port is handled at Ahukini about 3 miles distant by water, where a wharf has recently been constructed at which vessels can discharge alongside. It is therefore probable that the commerce will continue to decrease at Nawiliwili until the improvement reaches the stage when wharves can be provided for berthing vessels. 1838 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Comparative statement. Year. Short tons. Value. Passeng ers. Year. Short tons. Value. Passengers. 1918.......... 8 568 $1,028,160 12,439 1921.... ... 8,808 $1 681,976 20,651 1919.:........ 9 536 1, 600 738 18,987 1922......... 6,582 1,138, 780 11,674 1920.......... 12, 040 2,169,266 20, 019 Financialsummary. UNITED STATES FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ----------------------------------------- $262, 268. 21 Maintenance------------------- Net total expended Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------563, 222. 34 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work ........ ............. $190. 77 $30, 776. 58 $139, 595. 75 $91,705. 11 Expended for maintenance........................................................... Appropriated or allotted......... 250,000.00 ............. .......... 313,222.34 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended________________________ ___ $79, 436. 90 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923 ---------------------------------------- 300, 000. 00 Amount transferred from Kahului Harbor 1--------------------3, 222. 34 392, 659. 24 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work.__ 91, 705. 11 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ----------- 300, 954. 13 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities --------------------------- 9, 853. 33 July 1, 1923 balance available ----------------------------- 291, 100. 80 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project___ --------------------------------------- 1325,000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work --------------------------------- 200, 000. 00 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work-- ---------------------------------------- $199, 734. 19 Maintenance .......... Total contributions to date of this report _____________- -___ 200, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work....... ............ .......... $46, 554.40 $88, 440.63 $64, 739.16 Expended for maintenance .............................................. ......... Contributed................................ .......... 200,000.00 ..................... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended----_-.-.----______-__-_____- $65, 004. 97 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work-- 64, 739. 16 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----- _ 265. 81 1Exclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--HONOLULU, HAWAII, DISTRICT. 1889 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR NAWILIWILI HARBOR. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work_ --------------- -------------------------- $462, 002. 40 Maintenance __ Total appropriations and contributions to date of this report------ 763, 222. 24 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work .................... $190. 77 $77, 330. 98 $228, 036. 38 156, 444. 27 Expended for maintenance.................................................... Appropriated or allotted........ $250,000.00 .................. ................... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended - -----------.--.-- __ $144, 441. 87 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923 ---- ----------------------- 300, 000. 00 Amount transferred from Kahului Harbor- ____-_--------13, 222. 24 457, 664. 11 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work___ 156, 444. 27 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--------------------------- 301, 219. 84 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities- ---- ------- ------- 9, 853. 33 July 1, 1923, balance available ---------------------------- 291, 366. 51 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project:---_--------- -- ---------------- 1325, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 for new work_______________------------------- 1200, 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR GROUP A. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $55.75: New work--------------------------------------- $3, 858, 350. 14 Maintenance-- ------------------------------------- 162,469. 51 Net total expended ______- 4, 020, 819. 65 -__________----__ -___ Total appropriations to date of this report ____________------4, 979, 600. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 2........ $279, 190. 31 $245, 756.37 $134, 937. 88 $139, 595. 75 $91,705. 11 Expended for maintenance ..... 31,513.77 ............. 5,296. 41 9, 089. 56 23,366. 17 2 . . . . . . . . . . Total expended 310, 704.08 245, 756.37 140, 234.29 148, 685.31 115, 071.28 Appropriated or allotted...................... 529, 300. 00 ............... ............. 975,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended - ------------------------- $98,847. 13 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923__ 675, 000. 00 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 30, 1922---------------------------------- 300, 000. 00 1, 073, 947. 13 Receipts from sales------------------------------------------- 4. 50 1, 073, 951. 63 1 Exclusive of available funds. 2 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 61637-ENG 1923---116 1840 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year for ': New work .------------------------------ $91, 705. 11 Maintenance___-_____-- _________________ 23, 366. 17 115, 071. 28 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--------------------------- 958, 880. 35 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ------------------------- 17, 239. 29 941, 641. 06 Covered by existing contracts----------------------------- 254, 636. 09 July 1, 1923, balance available-- 004. 97 -687,6----------------- Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing projects-------------------------------- -1,085,000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work and maintenance --------- ------ 502, 000. 00 EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS REQUIRED BY THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED SEPTEMBER 22, 1922. The local engineer was charged with the duty of making pre- liminary examinations and surveys provided for by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922, as follows, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received: 1. Hilo Harbor, Hawaii. R. Kahului Harbor, Hawaii. IMPROVEMENT OF RIVERS AND HARBORS IN THE PORTO RICO DISTRICT. This district includes the rivers and harbors of Porto Rico and adjacent islands. District engineer: Col. H. C. Newcomer, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. H. C. Newcomer, Corps of Engineers, as acting division engineer until July 20, 1922, and as division engineer since that date. IMPROVEMENT. Page. 1. San Juan Harbor, P. R ---------------------------------- 1840 1. SAN JUAN HARBOR, P. R. Location and description.-San Juan Harbor is located on the north coast of Porto Rico about 30 miles westward of Cape San Juan and 60 miles eastward of Point Borinquen. It is the most important commercial port on the island, and is the only harbor on the north coast that affords protection in all weather. It is 1,380 nautical miles south-southeast of New York, N. Y., and 1,000 nautical miles east-southeast of Key West, Fla. The entrance channel is east of Cabras Island, which lies nearly midway between the harbor head- lands. The harbor is about 3.5 miles long in a southeasterly direc- tion, and has a width of from 1 to 2 miles, but there are very exten- sive shoals, less than 4 per cent of the harbor area being available for anchorage of deep draft vessels. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 908.) Original condition.-At the time of the American occupation (1898) the depth in the main entrance channel east of Cabras Island 1 Not. deducting receipts firom sales;, etc. SExclusive of available funds. RIVERS AND HARBORS--PORTO RICO DISTRICT. 1841 was 25 feet at mean low water for a minimum width of about 400 feet. In the harbor proper a depth of 24 feet or more existed in an area of about 92 acres, part of which was cut off by a shoal having a depth of 23 feet at mean low water, and berths along the bulkhead had been deepened to receive vessels drawing 18 feet. Previous projects.--Beforethe American occupation about $647,000 had been expended under the Spanish administration. The original project by the United States was authorized by the river and harbor act of March 2, 1907, and the expenditures thereunder prior to begin- ning work under the existing project in 1917 were $747,684.28 for new work and $44,730.86 for maintenance, a total of $792,415.14. For further details of previous projects, see page 2007, Annual Re- port for 1915, and page 1718 of Annual Report for 1916. Existing project.--This provides for a channel 30 feet deep at mean low water and 600 feet wide at the entrance, and thence 500 feet wide along the main fairway to a point opposite the city of San Juan, a distance of 11 miles; dredging to the same depth an area of about 162 acres within the harbor proper, and extending this depth into the San Antonio Channel for about 4,200 feet with a width of about 1,200 feet at its mouth, narrowing to 600 feet, 2,000 feet from the mouth, increasing to 800 feet at the easterly end. The mean tidal range is about 1.1 feet and the extreme varies between 0.4 and 1.8 feet. The estimated cost of new work revised in 1919 is $1,700,000, ex- clusive of amounts expended under previous projects. The latest (1918) approved estimate for annual maintenance is $24,000. The existing project was adopted by the river and harbor act of August 8, 1917 (H. Doc. No. 685, 63d Cong., 2d sess.), and modified by the river and harbor act of September 22, 1922 (H. Rept. No. 775, 67th Cong., 2d sess.) The latest published map is printed in the first-mentioned document. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The river and harbor act of August 8, 1917, provides that- until $600,000 of the amount expended on the dredging and reclamation work authorized herein is reimbursed, the Government of Porto Rico shall on the first day of July of each year after the completion of the work pay to the Government of the United States $50,000. This proviso was agreed to by the insular government by special legislation on November 22, 1917, further amended March 9, 1918. Attention of the insular government was called to the fact that, since the considerable increase in the cost of labor and material necessitated a revision of the estimates for the whole project, it must necessarily involve a revision of the reimbursement fund also. Action was taken by the Legislature of Porto Rico in conformity with these sugges- tions, and a joint resolution amending previous legislation was passed and approved by the governor on May 22, 1919, increasing the amount of the reimbursement fund to 70 per cent of the total amount to be expended under the present project; provided, however, that in no case shall the sum of the reimbursement exceed $1,200,000. The yearly reimbursement amount is to be the same as in the original resolution until $600,000 is reimbursed and $100,000 per year there- after. 1842 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Terminal facilities.-There are six piers and a bulkhead on the northerly side of San Juan Harbor capable of docking deep-draft vessels. All of these piers are open to the public. Of these piers three vary in width from 83 to 100 feet and in length from 420 to 460 feet and are covered with iron sheds, with vessel berths on either side. Of the other three piers one has 310 feet frontage on the chan- :nel, with undredged slips on the east and west sides of 580 feet and 460 feet, respectively. Another has 160 feet frontage on the chan- 2nel, with a slip on the westerly side 430 feet in length; there is no provision for a slip on the easterly side of this pier. The sixth pier has just been completed, and has a channel frontage of 400 feet and dredged slips on both the westerly and easterly sides, 555 feet and 605 feet, respectively. The bulkhead built by the insular govern- ment is open to the general public and extends along the water front a distance of 2,130 feet, with an iron shed 810 feet long. The depth of water in front of the bulkhead and in the slips where dredging has been performed varies from 22 to 30 feet at mean low water. All the above terminals have railroad connections. Two of them, the coal dock and the new pier, have mechanical equipment. All of the terminals are generally efficient and adequate for the par- ticular purpose for which they are used. In addition to the above there are several landings along the western side of the harbor, built during Spanish times, that are now under Federal control; a bulk- head in front of the old customhouse is used by local vessels of shal- low draft; and three piers within the old navy yard are used, one by the marine-hospital service, one by the lighthouse department, and the third by the engineer department. There is no railroad connection with these landings. (For a full description of terminal facilities see H. Doc. No. 652, 66th Cong., 2d sess.) Effect of improvement.-The improvement enables the develop- ment of a port where a large volume of continuously moving com- merce, principally of North American and European consignment or receipt, is handled expeditiously by large vessels, which can now proceed to the wharves and transfer freight without the added cost and delay of lightering from the anchorage in the harbor, as was formerly the practice in many cases. Terminal facilities are being increased as the harbor is extended, thus giving an easier outlet to the staple products of the island, such as sugar, coffee, tobacco, and fruits. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Work of dredging with the U. S. hydraulic pipe-line dredge Captain Huston in progress at the beginning of the fiscal year, was continued until April 28, 1923, when dredging work was suspended in order that the dredge could be thoroughly overhauled and a new ladder installed. These repairs were completed on June 30, 1923. The total area dredged to project depth during the year was about 19 acres, and the amount of material dredged was about 774,424.5 cubic yards. The small marine railway located at the engineer depot on the War Department reservation at La Puntilla that was under construc- tion at the end of the last fiscal year was completed, and has been used to haul out pontoons, small barges, and the motor dredge tender for repairs. RIVERS AND HARBORS-PORTO RICO DISTRICT. 1843 Tidal observations at San Juan Harbor were discontinued in March, 1923, sufficient data having been obtained for the reestablish. ment of mean low water. Supervision of structures being built under permits was continued. The expenditures during the year were $245,932.94, all for new work. Condition at end of the fiscal year.-The new dredging under the existing project is about 41 per cent completed, based on the yardage removed. The entrance channel was originally dredged to a depth of 30 feet at mean low water and a width of 500 feet, but subsequent shoaling has reduced the controlling depth of the full width from 30 to 28 feet. This channel had a controlling depth of 30 feet for a width of 225 feet at its narrowest portion, as determined from sound- ings taken during the summer of 1921. Under the project of 1907, the inner harbor was dredged to a depth of 30 feet over an area of 82.5 acres, and to a depth of 24 feet over 14.5 acres. Subsequent shoaling has reduced the area that was dredged to 30 feet to about 60 acres, and the area that was dredged to 24 feet has been dredged to 30 feet under the existing project. During the year, dredging to proj- ect depth from the 30-foot curve in the main harbor to within 1,500 feet of the easterly line of the project in San. Antonio Channel was continued. The available 30-foot maneuvering area in this vicinity was increased from 59 to 78 acres. The expenditures under the exist- ing project to the end of the fiscal year were for new work $1,107,- 293.53; for maintenance, $23,084.86; a total of $1,130,378,39. Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended June 30, 1923, $292,- 706.47 for maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works, will be expended for new work of dredging in San Antonio Channel and the anchorage areas of the main harbor, and in the reclamation of adjacent swamp lands in accordance with the existing project. The work will be performed with Government owned and operated plant. The funds will be expended at the rate of about $20,000 per month and will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1924. The additional sum of $250,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year 1925, in continuing the work of improving San Juan Harbor with Government owned and operated plant. It is expected that these funds will be sufficient to complete the dredging in the anchorage area of the main harbor and partially complete the exten- sion in San Antonio Channel in accordance with the modification of the project.authorized by the river and harbor act approved Septem- ber 22, 1922. This sum will be expended at the rate of about $20,000 per month and will be practically exhausted by June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-,The commerce of San Juan Harbor con- sists principally in the receipt of foodstuffs, cotton goods, coal, lumber, machinery, and fertilizer, and the shipment of sugar, fruit, and tobacco. These commodities were carried in 843 vessels of 2,300,083 registered tonnage. The controlling depth in the entrance channel is 30 feet at mean low water. The reports from which the statistics given below were obtained cover the commodities received and shipped by water at San Juan Harbor and Ponce harbor, Porto Rico, which in the calendar year 1922 amounted to 813,014 short tons, valued at $120,104,750. It is 1844 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. estimated that about 75 per cent of this tonnage passes through San Juan Harbor. Comparative statement. Passengers Passengers from and from and Year. Short Value. to ports Year. Short Value to ports outside of tons. outside of Porto Rico. Porto Rico. 1918........ 1 639, 465 1 77, 954, 718 (2) 1921...... 1674, 845 1 80, 660, 571 20, 659 1919........ 493, 261 1100, 021,414 26, 652 1922 ..... 609, 761 390, 078,562 19,120 1920........ 1812, 603 1 163, 620,176 (2) 1Estimated as 55 per cent of the total commerce of Porto Rico. 3 No data available. 8 Estimated as 75 per cent of the total commerce of San Juan Harbor and Ponce harbor. In addition to the above tonnage there is considerable local ship- ping in the harbor with a terminal station of a ferry line and tram- way located on the opposite shore, at Catano, estimated to carry 50,000 tons of freight per annum, and 1,800,000 passengers. There is also considerable commerce by local coasters, small schooners and sloops, principally owned by merchants, between this port and other ports of the island, of which no record is kept. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $17,263.01: New work --------------------------------------- $1,854, 977. 81 Maintenance 7, 815. 72 6------------------------- Net total expended -------------------------------- 1, 922, 793. 53 Total appropriations to date of this report ----------------- 2, 215, 500. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1...... $4, 183.48 $275, 749. 67 $332, 757.40 $254, 891.37 $245, 932. 9 Expended for maintenance 1..... 8, 421.19 6,932.13 1,761.94 ........ ........... Total expended 1.......... 12, 604. 67 282, 681. 80 334, 519. 34 254, 891. 37 245, 932. 94 Appropriated or allotted......... 10,000.00 200, 000.00 400,000. 00 200,000.00 200, 000. 0 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ------------------------- $338, 529. 66 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved March 2, 1923 _------------- ------------------------- 200, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923- 09. 75 1-------------- 538, 639. 41 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work _ 245, 932. 94 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended 292, 706.47 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities --------------------------- 15, 129. 75 July 1, 1923, balance available ---------------------- ------ 277, 576. 72 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project__ -------------------------------------- 300, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work----------- -------------------- 250, 000. 00 1 Not deducting recceipts from saales , etc. SExclusive of available funds. CALIFORNIA DEBRIS COMMISSION. 1845 EXAMINATION AND SURVEY MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED JUNE 5, 1920. Reports dated March 31, 1921, and September 29, 1922, on pre- liminary examination and survey of Ponce Harbor, Porto Rico, re- quired by the river and harbor act of June 5,1920, were duly sub- mitted by the district engineer. They were reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, pursuant to law, and were transmitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 532, Sixty-seventh Congress, fourth session. A plan of improvement is presented to the extent of dredging areas in the eastern part of the harbor to depths of 30, 18, and 9 feet, respectively, and constructing bulkheads along the shore and sea walls at Penoncillo Point, at an estimated cost to the United States of $254,000 for new work, and $30,000 annually for maintenance, this improvement being recom- mended subject to certain conditions of local cooperation. CALIFORNIA DEBRIS COMMISSION. This commission, consisting of three officers of the Corps of Engi- neers, was created by the act of Congress approved March 1, 1893 (27 Stat. L., p. 507), as amended by the act of February 27, 1907 (34 Stat. L., p. 1001), and has jurisdiction and duties extending over the drainage area of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers, compris- ing the great central valley of California and extending from the crest of the Sierra Nevada Mountains on the east to that of the Coast Range on the west and from Mount Shasta and the Pit River basin on the north to the Tehachapi Mountains on the south. These rivers empty into the head of Suisun Bay, ultimately discharging into the Pacific Ocean through the connecting bays and straits and the Golden Gate. The duties prescribed by the act creating the commission are: First. To regulate hydraulic mining in such a way as to permit its resumption and continuance under such restrictions as to prevent the resulting debris from being carried into navigable waters or otherwise causing damage. Second. To study and report upon general hydraulic and hydrau- lic-mining conditions and matters affecting or affected by them and to make surveys, mature and adopt plans for the purpose of improv- ing the navigability, deepening the channels, and protecting the banks of the rivers, and affording relief from flood damages. While the commission was to " adopt " plans as a result of its study, the act creating it did not provide means for directly carrying them out. Congress, however, has from time to time adopted certain of the plans formulated by the commission and charged it with their execution, under the direction of the Secretary of War and the super- vision of the Chief of Engineers. During the past year the commission consisted of Col. Herbert Deakyne, Corps of Engineers (president); Maj. U. S. Grant, 3d, Corps of Engineers (secretary, having immediate supervision of the work); and Maj. E. D. Ardery, Corps of Engineers. 1846 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. IMPROVEMENTS. Page. Page. 1. Regulation of hydraulic min- 3. Control of floods, removal of ing and preparation of debris, and improvement of plans ------------------ , 1846 Sacramento River, Calif__ 1853 2. Treatment of the Yuba River d6bris situation - restrain- ing barriers ----------- 1849 1. REGULATION OF HYDRAULIC MINING AND PREPARATION OF PLANS. Location and description.-Operationsare largely limited to the territory between Mount Lassen on the north and the Yosemite Valley on the south, on the western watershed of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. (See U. S. Geological Survey sheets for the area, 25 in number.) Originalcondition.-Followingthe discovery of gold in California and the development of the hydraulic method of working placer de- posits, vast quantities of materials denominated " debris," washed out of the banks, passed down into lower ground, depositing in the beds of the watercourses and rivers, and at high water were carried over the banks of streams to the adjacent country. The filling of navi- gable channels, destruction of fertility of lands, breaking of levees, and other damages due to hydraulic mining were so serious that min- ing by that process was effectively stopped by judicial injunction. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for regulating hydraulic-mining operations and planning the improvement of conditions upon the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers and their tributaries affected by such operations. On application by prospective miners full in- vestigation is made by the commission, and permits to operate are issued to those who provide satisfactory debris-restraining basins by construction of suitable dams where necessary. The estimate of cost for this work, revised in 1916, is $18,000 per annum. The existing project was adopted by the act of March 1, 1893, as amended by the act of February 27, 1907, and the plan of operation is therein speci- fied. For latest published map see Annual Report for 1913, page 3170. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-Mine owners are required to bear all expenses incurred in complying with the orders of the commission. The commission is empowered to confer with the State officials for the purpose of securing harmony of action and economy in expenditures in the work to be done by the United States and the State of Cali- fornia, respectively, the former in its plans for the improvement and protection of the navigable streams and to prevent the depositing of mining d6bris or other materials within the same, and the latter in its plans authorized by law for the reclamation, drainage, and pro- tection of its lands or relating to the working of hydraulic mines. An antidibris association, formed and supported by local interests that would be injured by the restoration or increase of former con- ditions, has worked along lines of prevention by injunction and criminal prosecution under State laws, as do various other local CALIFORNIA DEBRIS COMMISSION. 1847 officials and volunteers. They report from time to time indications of violations of the laws, and in turn seek and are furnished infor- mation from the commission on this subject. Since the disband- ment of this antiddbris association, August 18, 1915,, Sutter County has continued work along similar lines. Terminal facilities.-None required. Effect of improvement.-This is given above in paragraph Con- dition t end of fiscal year. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Sixty-eight inspections of hydraulic mines and debris-restraining barriers were made at a total expenditure of $765. Seven applications for permits for hy- draulic mining were received and five approved; two authorizations to construct impounding works were issued: one permit was issued upon completion of impounding works and four where no new works were needed; one permit was suspended and two revoked, because of failure to comply with rules of the commission or exhaustion of the debris-restraining capacity, at a total expenditure of $350. The survey of Sacramento River from Chico Landing to Red Bluff was continued, at an expenditure of $3,901.74 for 13 river miles surveyed, except for soundings to be taken later. Operations of gold-dredging companies, under seven permits from the Secretary of War, and somewhat similar operations by numerous other companies, for which permits are not required, were super- vised. Eight inspections of gold-dredging plants were made, and 28 inspections of quartz-mine debris-restraining barriers, and one such barrier was constructed under plans approved by the commission. The planning and execution of works by local interests, including the State, for reclaiming lands from floods, and the relations of these works to the flood-control project adopted for the Sacramento River and to their effect on the capacity of other streams of the Sacramento and San Joaquin River systems, have been given much consideration by the commission. Examination of critical points on the Sacra- mento and San Joaquin Rivers, for use in maturing plans for im- proving navigability and for relief from floods, has been made, some consideration in particular having been given during the last fiscal year to flood-control problems of the upper San Joaquin River and tributaries, and of the Calaveras River. Administrative work to a certain degree overlaps and has to be conducted with that of im- provements Nos. 2 and 3 hereunder and that of the Second San Francisco engineer district. The expenditure for activities in this subparagraph and for other miscellaneous operations was $9,794.25, including $77.88 for liabilities of the preceding fiscal year. The total expenditures for all activities was $14,810.99 for new work done by hired labor. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The commission has received 968 applications for permits for hydraulic mining and granted such of them as complied with regulations. Twenty mines are operating under permits, and hydraulic mining on a very limited scale has been restored without adding any considerable amount of debris to that previously deposited in the drainage system of mining regions. Thirty-two quartz mines have constructed restraining barriers under plans approved by the commission to permanently prevent the pas- 1848 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. sage of their tailings to navigable streams. It is not yet possible to regulate all such operations, but supervision will be extended as time and funds permit. Surveys have been made of those portions of the Yuba, Feather, Bear, and American Rivers containing great deposits of mining d6bris. Incidental to studies relative to the re- lief from injuries to navigability and from floods, surveys have been made of portions of the Sacramento, San Joaquin, and Mokelumne Rivers, and of the interconnecting sloughs in their delta. Plans have been prepared and adopted for restraining the debris movement in the Yuba River (see No. 2 hereunder); for alleviating d6bris condi- tions in the Sacramento and Feather Rivers; and for control of floods, removal of d6bris, and improvement of the Sacramento River (see No. 3 hereunder); flood control problems of the upper San Joaquin River and of the Calaveras River have been considered. A detailed plan for disposal 'of material which would have to be dredged from the lower Sacramento River under the approved flood- control scheme has been prepared, and descriptions of the property required furnished the State, which is acquiring the same in com- pliance with the requirement for cooperation. Work remaining to be done is, in general, the continuation and supervision of all the above or similar operations. The total expenditure from United States funds is $378,735.09, all for new work. Proposed operations.-With funds available and to be appropri- ated applications for permission to mine by hydraulic process will be duly investigated and considered; mines operating under existing permits will be regulated and there will be the necessary inspec- tions, preparation, and approval of plans, etc., as during preceding years; studies, examinations, surveys, and miscellaneous operations will be continued, and with the idea of possible operation under sec- tion 23 of the organic act above given, which provides for the con- struction of restraining dams on main tributaries by the United States, repayment being made by the mine operators with 3 per cent of their gross output. Particular consideration of flood-control problems of the upper San Joaquin River will be continued. In view of the fact that it is essential that the work as carried on in preceding years by the commission be not curtailed by the in- creased costs of doing it; that investigation may be made in de- tail of the possibilities for cooperative dam sites for the restraint of debris which would permit of the resumption of hydraulic min- ing to a greater extent without injury to navigable streams; that the gold-dredging operations may be more adequately guided; that the operations of the quartz mines of the district, in so far as the plac- ing of tailings in navigable streams or their tributaries is concerned, may be more efficiently observed with a view to better regulation either by the agencies of the department or later by the commission if its authority should be extended to include the same; and that the demands of the State and general public requiring consultation with the commission may be more adequately met and the results of the commission's studies may be better available thereto, an increase in the annual appropriation from $15,000 to $18,000 is essential. Commercial statistics.-See statistics in reports on Sacramento, Feather, Mokelumne, and San Joaquin Rivers. CALIFORNIA DEBRIS COMMISSION. 1849 Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work----------- --------------------------- $378, 735. 09 Maintenance Total appropriations to date of this report-9____----------- 393, 951. 98 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1939 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work....... $14,868.94 $15, 363.01 $14, 961. 80 $14, 985.33 $14, 810. 99 Expended formantenance..................... ... ..................... ............ Appropriated or allotted.......... 15, 000. 00 15, 000. 00 15, 000. 00 15, 000. 00 14, 950.00 EXPENSES OF CALIFORNIA DEBRIS COMMISSION, 1922. July 1, 1922, balance- unexpended---------- ------------------- $77. 88 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work----- 77.88 EXPENSES OF CALIFORNIA DEBRIS COMMISSION, 1923. July ..----- 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------- $15, 000. 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work__ 14, 733. 11 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_______---______-------- 266. 89 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------ 266. 89 EXPENSES OF CALIFORNIA DEBRIS COMMISSION, 1924. Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923----- $14, 950 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ---- 14, 950 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for expenses of the commission ________ ___ _______ 118, 000 2. TREATMENT OF THE YUBA RIVER DABRIS SITUATION-RESTRAIN- ING BARRIERS. Location and description.-The works of this project are located on the Yuba River, between Marysville and the place where the river emerges from the foothills, near Hammonton, some 10 miles easterly from Marysville, and about 9 miles below the Narrows. The river has a rapid current and a fall of about 10 feet per mile in the vicinity of the works of this project. It rises near the crest of the Sierra Nevada, flows about 90 miles in a westerly direction, and empties into the Feather River near Marysville. Its drainage area is about 1,300 square miles, its extreme flood discharge about 111,000 second- feet, and its low-water discharge below 300 second-feet. Average width between banks at low water is 150 feet and between banks or levees at high water from 2,000 feet to 2.5 miles. (See U. S. Geo- logical Survey " Topographic map of the Sacramento Valley, Calif.") Original condition.--The mining debris carried down by this stream from the old hydraulic mine workings in the Sierra Nevada was allowed to pass on into the navigable channels of the Feather and Sacramento Rivers. This had resulted in the navigable chan- nels of these two streams being seriously impaired, and navigation 1Exclusive of available funds. 1850 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. upon them was threatened with cessation. No part of the Yuba River was commercially navigable. Previous projects.-None. Existing project.-This provides for storage of mining debris within the bed of the Yuba River by a system of works to hold the material there, and the restriction of the low-water channel below these works to narrow limits to preserve in place the extensive min- ing debris deposits already in the river. 'These objects are to be ac- complished by the construction of a barrier to hold back the materials and the construction below the barrier of training walls to confine the river to narrow limits. The object of storing this d4bris in the Yuba River-a nonnavigable stream-is to keep it from passing into the Sacramento and Feather Rivers, to the detriment of navigation therein. The variation in water levels due to floods is about 12 feet. The estimate of cost for new work made in 1900 is $800,000, one-half of which was appropriated by the State of California. The latest (1922) approved estimate for annual cost of maintenance is $30,000. For details of this project in its original form see Annual Report, 1917, page 1810, "Previous projects." The existing project was adopted in a rather indefinite form by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, and in its more definite form by river and harbor act of June 13, 1902 (H. Doc. 431, 56th Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map see U. S. Geological Survey "Topographic map of the Sacramento Valley, Calif." Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.--The river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, required that one-half the cost of the project, $400,000, should be provided by the State of California, and the State has met this con- dition and has also appropriated one-half of the maintenance costs. Two gold-dredging companies, the Yuba Consolidated Gold Fields and the Marysville Dredging Co. (formerly the Marysville Gold Dredging Co.), have built training walls on the south side of the river, below the Daguerre Point cut, in connection with their dredg- ing operations. The Yuba Consolidated Gold Fields has also built a training wall, or rock levee, which has taken the place of the two lower barriers proposed in the original project. It is estimated that it would have cost the United States $450,000 to build the 22,500 linear feet of training walls built by these companies. In connection with their dredging operations the Yuba Consoli- dated Gold Fields and the Yukon Gold Co. are making stable chan- nels of sufficient capacity for maximum floods, extending upstream 44 miles from Daguerre Point. The cost of other equally effective works to restrain the debris movement would be more than $710,000 to the United States. This work is now about 85 per cent complete. Terminal facilities.-None required. Effect of improvement.-The retaining of this debris in the bed of the river has facilitated navigation on the Sacramento River and, during higher stages, on the Feather River. Conditions on both these rivers are steadily improving. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Embankments to close old flood channels were completed by hired teams and scrapers across the heads of Dunning and Power Line channels and minor branches on the south bank, 4 miles above Marysville, a total fill of 2,334 cubic yards being made, at an expenditure of $1,307.02 for new CALIFORNIA DEBRIS COMMISSION. 1851 work. A working party of 15 men blasted hardpan reefs and snags from the channel and cut trees along the banks between points 3 and 10 miles above Marysville, clearing 7 river miles, at an expenditure of $3,432.76 for maintenance. Under informal agreement a steel current retard was anchored to the north bank, 6 miles above Marysville, to protect an embankment against erosion, and later was raised and lengthened, final dimensions being 210 feet long, 8 feet wide and 12 feet high and total expendi- ture $9,199.65, for maintenance. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 90.4 per cent completed. The barrier (No. 1) partly constructed under the existing project was destroyed by flood in March, 1907, except the north portion, with which a training wall of cobbles and coarse gravel on the north bank was connected as part of the system of training walls and flood channels being built partly by gold-dredg- ing companies and partly by the United States. Training walls were also built as above on each bank below Daguerre Point for a distance of 11,250 feet; and just above Daguerre Point, on the south bank, 11,000 linear feet were built to take the place of the lowest two barriers of the original project. (For other similar work, see preceding paragraph Local cooperation, last subparagraph). The cut through Daguerre Point was made and the concrete inlet wall or spillway constructed, and later raised 16 inches and cov- ered with a wooden deck. At different times the channel from the lower end of the training walls to Marysville has been cleared of brush, trees, and snags, hardpan blasted along one stretch, the bank revetted with brush, old sand channels have been blocked by embank- ments built at their heads, a steel current retard installed, repairs made to the inlet wall at Daguerre Point, and extensive repairs to, reinforcement of, and protective work on the north training wall below have been carried on and surveys made to determine the effect of these works on the river. The result has been that many million cubic yards of mining d6bris have been held within the bed of the Yuba River that would otherwise have passed on into the navigable channels of the Feather and Sacramento Rivers. The total expendi- ture has been as follows: New work. Maintenance. Total. United States funds................................... $361, 482.28 $36, 786.39 $398, 268.67 Contributed funds ................................... 361,776.74 36,879.65 398,656.39 Total ........................................... 723,259.02 73,666.04 796.925.06 Proposed operations.-The funds unexpended, amounting to $78,- 074.94, will be used to clear the channel between Marysville and Daguerre Point, by removal of snags, brush and trees, and blasting of hardpan; to confine the river to this channel by damming the heads of old channels; to repair, reinforce, and protect the 2 miles of north training wall below Daguerre Point; for bank protection on the north bank, from 5 to 7 miles above Marysville; to renew the wooden deck on the concrete inlet wall at the Daguerre Point cut; and to extend the south training wall farther downstream below Daguerre Point, with cooperation of gold dredging companies. 1852 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The maintenance costs were very light during the fiscal year 1923, and no work was done on the south training wall below Daguerre Point, as the gold dredging operations, under War Department permits, did not progress rapidly enough to make a dredge available for this, as expected. Therefore, the available funds will not be expended until June 30, 1925. Commercial statistics.-See statistics in reports on Sacramento and Feather Rivers. Financial summary. UNITED STATES FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $24,119.04: New work------------------------------------------------ $361, 482. 28 Maintenance----------------- ------------------- 36, 786. 39 Net total expended------------------------- --- 398, 268. 67 Total appropriations to date of this report----- ---------------- 445, 000, 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1....... 1. . . . . . 055.45 . . . .$1, . . . . . . . . . $1,212.91 . . . . .. $2,423.23 ............. $653.51 Expended for maintenance . 21, 2 488.71 8, 986.48 6, 316.20 Totalexpended1........... 1,055.45 1,212.91 23,911.94 8,986.48 6,969.71 Appropriated or allotted .......... ............ ............ 30,000.00 15,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ---------------------------$38, 701. 04 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act approved Mar. 2, 1923--------------- -- 15, 000. 00 53, 701. 04 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work_ - -______---------- _ $653 51 For maintenance-- -------------------------- 6, 316. 20 6, 969. 71 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------- 46, 731. 33 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $68.91: New work---- ----------------------------- $361, 776. 74 Maintenance__ ---------------------------- 36, 879. 65 Net total expended ...... _____ ______------------- 398, 656. 39 Total contributions to date of this report--------------------- 430, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1 ............. ......... $700.00 $2,423.23 .. ....... . $653.51 Expended for maintenance 1'..... ...................... 18,770. 92 $11,861.43 6,316. 21 Total expended1...................... 700.00 21,194.15 11,861.43 6,969.72 Contributed........... ........... ... .......... ........... ............ 30,000.00 1Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. s Includes $20,313.33 not yet transferred to United States. CALIFORNIA DEBRIS COMMISSION. 1853 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------- --------------- $8, 313.33 Amount transferred to United States------ --------------- __ _ 9, 686. 67 18, 000. 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work-------------------------------- $653. 51 For maintenance___---------_________________ 6, 316. 21 6, 969. 72 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--________ ___-__________ - 11, 030. 28 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR YUBA RIVER RESTRAINING BARRIERS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $24,187.95: New work------------------- ------------------- $723, 259. 02 Maintenance ---.---------------------- __ 73, 666. 04 - Net total expended__-__________-------- -7__ ----- 96, 925. 06 Total appropriations to date of this report ------------------ 875, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending Lune 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ . . . . . . . . . . ..$1,912.91 . . . . . . . . 1,055.45 . .. . .. . $4,846.46 .............. 1,307.02 Expended for maintenance 1 40,259.63 20, 847.91 12, 632. 1 1. . .. .. .... Total expended .. 1,055.45 1,912.91 45,106.09 20,847.91 13,939.43 Appropriated or allotted.................. .... ... .............. 30,000.00 245,000.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. s Includes $20,313.33 appropriated by the State of California, but not yet transferred to United States. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended __________________---_____ $47, 014. 37 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923_----------------------------------- 15, 000. 00 Amount transferred to United States -------------------- 9, 686. 67 71, 701.04 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work-_--__-- ----------------- $1, 307. 02 For maintenance -------- -------------- 12, 632.41 13, 939. 43 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -------------------------- 57, 761. 61 3. CONTROL OF FLOODS, REMOVAL OF DEBRIS, AND IMPROVEMENT OF SACRAMENTO RIVER, CALIF. Location and description.--For description of Sacramento River see page 1677. This improvement includes various points on the river between its mouth and Chico Landing, 198.2 miles above, the work farthest upstream at present contemplated being at Moulton Break. Original condition.-See page 1678. Previo 8 projects.-The original project was adopted by the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, and was formerly reported under the title "Alleviation of debris conditions in the Sacramento and Feather Rivers." The amount expended under this project was $680,000 from United States funds and $680,000 from contributed 1$20,313.33 additional in State treasury. 1854 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. funds, a total of $1,360,000 for new work, prior to beginning work under the existing project in 1917. For details of this work see Annual Report for 1917, page 1815 et seq. Existing project.-This provides for the enlargement of the river channel below the mouth of Cache Slough, for making four cut-offs between the Feather River and Colusa, and for the construction of four by-pass weirs. These items of work are features of the general plan of flood control described in the project document, the remain- ing portions of which are being provided entirely at local expense. The estimate of cost for new work, made in 1910, is $11,200,000, exclusive of amounts expended under previous projects, to be borne equally by the United States and the State of California. The works are to be maintained by the State of California after their comple- tion. Not more than $1,000,000 of United States funds can be ex- pended in any one fiscal year. The existing project was adopted by the flood control act of March 1, 1917 (H. Doc. No. 81, 62d Cong., 1st sess., as modified by R. and H. Com. Doc. No. 5, 63d Cong., 1st sess.). For latest published map see House Document No. 81, Sixty-second Congress, first session. Recommended modifications of project.-None. Local cooperation.-The flood control act of March 1, 1917, pro- vides that no money shall be expended until assurances have been given satisfactory to the Secretary of War that the State of Califor- nia will contribute annually for the work, until its full equal share thereof shall have been contributed, sums equal to those expended annually for. the work by the United States; that the river levees contemplated in the project document will be constructed to such grade and section and within such time as may be required by the California Debris Commission; that all rights of way, easements, and lands shall be provided free of cost to the United States, and that no money paid or expenses incurred therefor shall be computed as a part of the contribution of the State of California toward the work of improvement. Such assurances were approved by the Secre- tary of War as satisfactory on July 13, 1917, and this local coopera- tion progressive with the work, is now in force. The total amount contributed and expended by local interests to- ward all features of the general plan of flood control, as itemized in House Document No. 81, Sixty-second Congress, first session, is in- determinate. Since this plan was formulated there has been carried out by local interests alone, in accordance therewith, certain work which was therein estimated to cost about $9,422,062, but which, according to a report received from the State reclamation board, actually cost these local interests a total of $21,133,595.16. The large increase of the actual cost over that of the estimate is due to changes in alignment of levees and by-passes, construction of levees to a greater height and width than originally contemplated, additional work found necessary for levee protection, clearing and draining of lands and building of roads, and.to the general increase of unit costs. In addition, under the provisions of the river and harbor act of June 25, 1910, the State of California contributed $680,000 toward "alleviation of debris conditions in the Sacramento and Feather Rivers" (the previous project); and under the provisions of the existing project the State has contributed $2,850,000. Terminal facilities.-See page 1679. CALIFORNIA DEBRIS COMMISSION. 1855 Effect of improvement.-Dredging below the mouth of Cache Slough has increased the flood discharge capacity of this portion of the river, thus decreasing the risk of flood damage in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Delta. The estimated amount of increase to flood discharge capacity is given under Condition at end of fiscal year. 'The two cut-offs made between the Feather River and Colusa have facilitated navigation in this section, in addition to their effect in increasing flood discharge. Operations and results during fiscal year.-The United States 20- inch pipe-line hydraulic dredges Sacramento and San Joaquin, with auxiliary plant, were operated the entire year on channel enlargement below Cache Slough. Cuts from 13 to 33 feet deep, and averaging about 21 feet deep, with an average width of 290 feet, were made as follows: Between the mouth and Tolands Landing, 61 miles upstream, an advance of 34,600 feet and excavation of 5,428,000 cubic yards; at Bakers Point, across from Tolands Landing, an advance of 1,020 feet and excavation of 93,000 cubic yards; on both sides of Horseshoe Cut-off, 8j miles above the mouth, an advance of 24,185 feet and ex- cavation of 4,740,500 cubic yards. A total of 10,261,500 cubic yards was excavated, at an expenditure of $511,619.89, for new work. Two clamshell dredges, under the same contract, were used as needed in channel enlargement work, simultaneously cutting a channel in the river and building or reinforcing retaining embankments; or on re- taining embankments alone, and in making temporary channels. In the former work, done chiefly at Brannan Island, from 11 to 16 miles above the mouth, 1,015,350 cubic yards were excavated, and in the latter work 521,000 cubic yards, a total of 1,536,350 cubic yards. To- tal expenditure, under contract and for overhead, was $123,010.95, for new work. Miscellaneous channel enlargement work included several thou- sand linear feet of brush revetments repaired by the United States 16-foot whirler and working party, to protect retaining embank- merits on Horseshoe Island, 7 miles above the mouth; 5,450 linear feet of retaining embankment for hydraulic dredge spoils built by the whirler on the right bank, 16 miles above the mouth; 400 linear feet of retaining embankment built by the United States portable derrick on Lower Brannan Island, on the left bank, 11 miles above the mouth; drain ditches built and deepened by the portable derrick and working parties near Lone Tree Cut, on the right bank, 3 miles above the mouth, and on Horseshoe Island; small hand levees built where needed by the United States hydraulic dredge pipe-line parties; 12,000 linear feet of project levees planted with willows on Lower and Upper Brannan Islands, by working parties; 15,200 cubic yards of embank- ment by hired teams and scrapers on Upper Brannan Island, 16 miles above the mouth, at both ends of the project levee; and surveys of areas to be dredged or used for dredge spoils. Total expenditure was $36,530.88, for new work. The city of Sacramento was reimbursed during the fiscal year by a payment of $161,557.08 for the construction in 1918, of Sacramento Weir, 3 miles above Sacramento. Construction of Fremont Weir, 24 miles above Sacramento, was begun in June, excavation being completed along 1,550 linear feet of alignment, 5,700 linear feet of clearing being completed, except for removal of stumps, and 500 61637-ENG 1923-17 1856 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. linear feet of new levee being built, westerly from the west abutment. No contract payment was made. Expenditure for overhead, includ- ing surveys, borings, preparation of plans and specifications, and superintendence, etc., was $2,086.78, for new work. The sum of $1,350.65 was expended for new plant, on minor items of floating plant, and $23,450.06 for liabilities of the preceding fiscal year, all for new work. Total expenditure during the fiscal year was $429,800.95 from United States funds and $429,805.34 from con- tributed funds, a total of $859,606.29, for new work. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The existing project is 31.5 per cent complete. A tabulation follows, showing excavation made under the item "enlargement of the river channel below the mouth of Cache Slough." Excavation under existing project. United States Contract Contract Section of project channel. hydraulic hydraulic clamshell Total. dredges. dredges. dredges. Right bank: Cubic yards. Cubic yards. Cubic yards Cubic yards. Rio Vista to Three Mile Slough............ 7,844, 350 .............. 1 633 270 9, 477, 620 Horseshoe Cut ............................ 8,308, 400 ............. ,081 500 9,389,900 Tolands Landing to mouth (at Collinsville) 15,303,800..............3,599140 18,90294 Left bank: Mouth of Old River to Three-Mile Slough........................... 1, 400,100 1, 400,100 Horseshoe Cut...... .................. 7, 473, 200 .............. 1,501 050 8,974, 250 Bakers Point............................... 783830 .. 173300 957,130 Lower Sherman Island................... 1, 350, 000 6, 413, 100 19,520 7, 782, 620 Total in project channel ................ 063, 580 41, 6, 413, 100 9, 407, 880 56, 884, 560 Retaining embankments outside of project channel, and channels for temporary naviga- tion................1..... .................. .............. 1,177,425 1,177,425 063, 580 Grand total .............................. 41, 6,413, 100 10, 585, 305 58, 061, 985 For details of this work under the previous project see the Annual Report 'for 1917, page 1816. The total excavation made under both the existing project and previous project since commencing work in August, 1913, is 83,581,500 cubic yards, of which 65,349,900 cubic yards were excavated by the two United States hydraulic dredges, 6,413,100 cubic yards by contract hydraulic dredging, and 11,818,500 cubic yards by contract clamshell dredging. It is estimated that this has produced a channel with a capacity of 400,000 second-feet below Cache Slough. Below Three Mile Slough it is estimated that 80,000 second-feet of this flow will go through Three Mile Slough into the San Joaquin River and 320,000 second- feet will be carried in the main channel to the mouth of the river at Collinsville. The original estimated capacity of the main river below Three Mile Slough was 160,000 second-feet, and hence there has been an increase in carrying capacity of 160,000 second-feet, or about 100 per cent. The total flow to be provided for below the mouth of the Cache Slough is 600,000 second-feet, 80,000 second-feet of which will always go out through Three Mile Slough. Two cut-offs above Sacramento, one at Collins Eddy and the other from Wild Irishman Bend to Kinneys Bend, have been completed, with respective total excavations of 474,817 cubic yards and 500,000 cubic yards. A detailed topographical survey of Fremont Weir site has been made with 88 borings, and construction of the weir was begun under contract, on June 6, 1923. The Sacramento Weir has CALIFORNIA DEBRIS COMMISSION. 1857 been constructed, by the city of Sacramento, which was later reim- bursed by the United States, and the river levee in front of it has been removed by the Government, 51,230 cubic yards having been excavated by a clamshell dredge under contract. Titles to land or easements needed for dredging or spoil disposal have been furnished by local interests, comprising the land used for the completed cut-off at Collins Eddy and for that from Wild Irishman Bend to Kinneys Bend, and also the land needed for channel enlargement below Cache Slough; the remaining land needed for cut-offs and channel enlarge- ment is in course of procurement. Local interests have furnished also the land needed for Fremont Weir site. For controlling depths and other conditions of navigation see the report on Sacramento River. Work remaining to be done is con- tinuation of enlargement of the river below the mouth of Cache Slough to project requirements, construction of the remaining two cut-offs between the Feather River and Colusa, and of the remaining three by-pass weirs, and continued compliance by local interests with cooperative requirements. The expenditure has been $1,762,554.70 from United States funds and $1,762,554.71 from contributed funds, a total of $3,525,109.41 for new work. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend by June 30, 1924, all the funds unexpended, and in addition $399,900, to be made avail- able by the State of California, for new work, as follows: Enlargement of river channel below the mouth of Cache Slough: (a) Operation of two hydraulic pipe-line dredges, with re- lated miscellaneous work-....._ $540, 000. 00 (b) Contract bucket dredging and related miscellaneous work ---------------------------------------------- 115, 000. 00 (c) Necessary additional plant- - -- ----- __ 75, 000. 00 Construction of by-pass wers: (a) Construction of Fremont Weir --------- 884, 690. 59 Total ------------------------------------------------ 1,614, 690. 59 It is proposed to expend the funds that can be profitably ex- pended during the fiscal year 1925, for new work, as follows: Enlargement or river channel below the mouth of Cache Slough: (a) Operation of 2 hydraulic pipe-line dredges, with related miscellaneous work_ 000 $------------------------- (b) Contract bucket dredging and related miscellaneous work___ 100, 000 (c) Contract hydraulic dredging ___________ _____---- 200, 000 (d) Necessary additional plant___------------------------ 150, 000 Construction of by-pass weirs: (a) Surveys and preliminary work, Moulton and Tisdale Weirs__ 50, 000 Total--------------------------------------------- 1, 00, 000 One-half of this amount is to be contributed by the state of California. Commercial statistics.-See page 1681. Financialsummary. UNITED STATES FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $108,042.91: New work --------------------------------------------- $2, 442, 554. 70 Maintenance-------------------------------------------------- ----- Total appropriations to date of this report ___---------------- 3, 249, 900. 00 1858 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ $191, 182.41 $230,242.09 $481, 930.73 $333, 079.86 $429, 800.95 Expended for maintenance.... ... ..... ... ....... .......... ....................... Appropriated or allotted........ 330, 000. 00 500,000.00 500, 000.10 400, 000.00 499, 900. 00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------$--- 733. 413. 63 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923----------------------------------- 499, 900. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923--------------- 3, 832.62 1, 237,146. 25 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work ----------------------------------------------- 429, 800.95 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -------------------------- 807, 345. 30 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-- __------ $30, 496. 74 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts----------------------------------- 443, 925. 14 474, 421. 88 July 1, 1923, balance available ______-- ---------- __ _ 332, 923. 42 Amount unappropriated under continuing-contract authorization, act of Mar. 1, 1917______----- ----------------- - __- 3, 030, 100. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work-___--- _----- ---------- __ 500, 000. 00 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $108,042.91: New work---------------------------------------------2, 442, 554. 71 Maintenance---------------------------- Total contributions to date of this report --------------------_ 2, 850, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1....... $186, 602. 18 $234, 051.41 $481, 930.72 $333, 045. 57 $429, 805.34 Expended for maintenance ................... ........ ...... .............. ...... ...... Contributed ................. 330,000.00 .......... .... 500,000.00 500, 000.00 500,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------------------------_ $333, 372. 50 Amount contributed by State of California, Oct. 2, 1922_... __- 400, 000. 00 Amount contributed by State of California, June 6, 1923 ------ 100, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923------_ 3, 878. 13 837, 250. 63 June 30, 1923, qmount expended during fiscal year, for nbw work _ ----------------------------------------------- 429, 805. 34 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---------------------------- 407, 445. 29 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. CALIFORNIA DEBRIS COMMISSION. 1859 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities----------- $30, 496. 73 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- +r,,,,-O Oo8 9 inA+ 1' LrutLts --,------------------------ - ------- ) , . ' G'- 2C $474, 421. 87 July 1, 1923, balance available------------------------- S66, 976. 58 Amount unappropriated under continuing-contract authorization by State of California---------------------------- ----- 3,430, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending ----------- June 30, 1925, for new work__ ' 2500. 000. 00 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR SACRAMENTO RIVER. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $216, 085.82: New work--------------------------------------- $4, 885, 109. 41 ±Mamtenance-------------- ------ -------- ---- -- Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 6, 099, 900. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........ 377,784.59 Expended for maintenance..... ........... . $464, 293.50 ........... $963, 861.45 $666,155.43 .............................. $859,606.29 Appropriated or allotted......... 660, 000.00 500,000.00 1,000,000.00 900,000. 00 999, 900. 00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended $1, 066, 786. 13 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923 - 499, 900. 00 Amount contributed by State of California, Oct. 2, 1922 ...... 400, 000. 00 Amount contributed by State of California, June 6, 1923 ....... 100, 000. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923- 7, 710. 75 2,074. 396. 88 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for new work -------------- --------------------------------- 859, 606. 29 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ------------------------- 1, 214, 790. 59 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-------------- $60,993. 47 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tr ca -- -- - ----- _ -- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - Q7 850 OQ LrU C_ _ 948, 843. 75 July 1, 1923, balance available. '------------------- --------- 1265, 946. 84 Amount unappropriated under continuing-contract authorization act of March 1, 1917--------- ------------------------- 6, 460, 100. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new .work----------------------------1, 000, 000. 00 EXAMINATION AND SURVEY REQUIRED BY ACT OF AUGUST 18, 1921. The commission was charged with the duty of making a pre- liminary examination and survey provided for by the act of August 18, 1921 (Pub. No. 54, 67th Cong., 1st sess.), of Calaveras River, Calif., with a view to the control of its floods in accordance with the provisions of the flood control act of March 1, 1917, and reports thereon will be duly submitted when received. 1 An additional amount of $900,000 has been appropriated by the State of California but has not yet been transferred to the United States. 9 Exclusive of available funds. 8 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1860 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. Improvement of Mississippi River in charge of the Mississippi River Commission. Commission headquarters.-St. Louis, Mo. C'ommissioners.-The commissioners during the fiscal year were Col. Chas. L. Potter, Corps of Engineers, president; J. A. Ockerson, civil engineer; Charles H. West, civil engineer; Edward A. Glenn; Robert L. Faris, assistant director, United States Coast and Geodetic Survey; Col. Harry Burgess, Corps of Engineers, to August 26, 1922; Col. G. M. Hoffman, Corps of Engineers, since that date; Lieut. Col. G. R. Lukesh, Corps of Engineers. For convenience in administration and allotment of funds the river from Rock Island, Ill., to the Head of Passes, a distance of 1,571 miles, is divided into districts and suboffices, as follows: Northern district.-Levees Cape Girardeau to Rock Island, 459 miles; and secretary's office, surveys, gauges, etc. Office, 1311 Inter- national Life Building, St. Louis, Mo. First district.-CapeGirardeau, Mo., to foot of Island No. 40, 270 miles, of which Cape Girardeau to Cairo, 54 miles, is restricted to levee work. Office, Customhouse, Memphis, Tenn. Second district.-Foot of Island No. 40 to White River, 173 miles. Office, Customhouse, Memphis, Tenn. Third district. White River to Warrenton, Miss., 218 miles. Of- fice, Post Office Building, Vicksburg, Miss. Fourth district.-Warrentonto IHead of Passes, 458 miles. Office, Customhouse, New Orleans, La. Dredging district.-Dredging operations below Cairo. Office, United States Dredging Fleet, Memphis, Tenn. Jurisdiction of commission.-The Mississippi River Commission, constituted by act of Congress of June 28, 1879, is in charge of the improvements of the Mississippi River from Head of Passes to the mouth of the Ohio River, including the rectification of Red and Atchafalaya Rivers at their junction with the Mississippi, the build- ing of levees, and the improvement of the several harbors for which specific appropriations have been made. It is also charged with the survey of the Mississippi River from Head of Passes to its head- waters and with gauging the river and its tributaries. By act of Con- gress approved March 4, 1913, an appropriation for levees from Cape Girardeau, Mo., to Rock Island, Ill., was made for expenditure under the commission. Acts of Congress approved July 27, 1916, and March 1, 1917, provided for the continuation of levee work from Cape Girardeau, Mo., to Rock Island, Ill., and extended the juris- diction of the commission to include work on the Ohio River from its mouth to the mouth of the Cache River, and on the Arkansas River from its mouth to its intersection with the division line be- tween Lincoln and Jefferson Counties, Ark. By act of Congress approvod September 22, 1922, the jurisdiction of the commission was extended for purposes of levee and bank protection to the tribu- taries and outlets of the Mississippi River between Cairo, Ill., and Head of Passes; and by Act of Congress approved March 4, 1923, jurisdiction was extended to include the tributaries and outlets of the Missisippi between Rock Island, Ill., and Head of Passes, in so MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1861 far as they may be affected by the flood waters of the Mississippi River. Location and description.-The Mississippi River rises at Lake Itasca, Minn. It flows in a general southerly direction and empties into the Gulf of Mexico. The total length of the river is 2,477 miles. The total length of the river between Rock Island, Ill., and the Head of Passes is 1,571 miles. This portion of the river receives the drain- age from an area of about 1,240,000 square miles, comprising nearly all the United States between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountain ranges. Discharge measurements of the river show a maximum of 253,000 second-feet and minimum of 21,000 second-feet at Rock Island, 511 miles above Cairo; a maximum of 1,146,000 second-feet and a minimum of 24,000 second-feet at St. Louis, 190 miles above Cairo; and a maximum of 2,015,000 second-feet and minimum of 71,000 second-feet at Columbus, Ky., 20 miles below Cairo. The ordinary low-water stages prevail through the five, months August to December, inclusive, each year. Extreme high-water stages may occur during any month in the year on the river between Rock Island and Cairo. Extreme high-water stages usually occur in the months March to June, inclusive, at Cairo, and the crest travels from Cairo to New Orleans, a distance of 964 miles, in about 30 days. Ordinary high-water stages may occur at any season of the year, but are of infrequent occurrence during the summer and fall seasons. The extreme range in stages on record is 20.5 feet at Rock Island, 55.7 feet at Cairo, and 22.9 feet at New Orleans. The river is non- tidal above the mouth of Red River, 294 miles from the Head of Passes. The amplitude of the tide at Red River Landing rarely exceeds 0.1 foot during extreme low water. Original condition.-Low-water navigation was rendered difficult and hazardous by the formation of bars across the channel, some- times limiting the controlling depth to 4J feet. Previous projects.-The original project contained in the report of the Mississippi River Commission, dated February 17, 1880, con- templated the permanent fixing and improvement of the channel to a depth of at least 10 feet at the extreme low water by the con- traction of the low-water width to about 3,000 feet, the protection of the banks against caving, and the control of the flood water by means of levees. Existing project.-The existing project is to maintain a channel not less than 9 feet deep and not less than 250 feet wide from the mouth of the Ohio River to the Head of Passes, near the Gulf of Mexico, a distance of 1,065 miles, by open channel work and by dredging; to confine the river below Cairo to a permanent position by bank revetment; to maintain a navigable channel between the waters of the Mississippi, Red, and Atchafalaya Rivers; to control flood waters from Rock Island to Head of Passes by levees; and to make such surveys, examinations, and investigations, of the Missis- sippi River and its tributaries as may be deemed necessary for the execution of the project. Specific provisions were made by the river and harbor act of June 3, 1896, for constructing dredging plant and maintaining for low-water navigation below Cairo a channel of 250 feet width and 9 feet depth at all periods of the year, except when stopped by ice; by the act of June 4, 1906, for extending the limits 1862 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. of levee construction from the mouth of the Ohio River up to Cape Girardeau, Mo.; by the river and harbor act of July 27, 1916, for similar further extension of limits of levee construction from Cape Girardeau, Mo., up to Rock Island, Ill.; for the extension of limits of construction of both levees and revetment up the Arkansas River from its mouth to its intersection with the division line between Lincoln and Jefferson Counties; for the improvement of the Ohio River from its mouth to the mouth of Cache River; and by the flood- control act of March 1, 1917, for the construction of levees needed for flood control in addition to those needed for navigation, in ac- cordance with " plans of the Mississippi River Commission hereto- fore or hereafter adopted, to be paid for as appropriations may from time to time be made by law, not to exceed in the aggregate $45,- 000,000," subject to the provision that not more than $10,000,000 shall be expended therefor during any one fiscal year. The jurisdictipn of the commission was extended by the river and harbor act approved September 22, 1922, for the purpose of levee protection and bank protection to the tributaries and outlets of the Mississippi River between Cairo, Ill., and the Head of the Passes, in so far as these tributaries and outlets are effected by the flood waters of the Mississippi River. The act approved March 4, 1923 (Public No. 528, 67th Cong.), provides for continuing the improve- ment of the Mississippi River in accordance with the flood control act approved March 1, 1917, " and a sum not to exceed $10,000,000 annually is hereby authorized to be appropriated for that purpose for a period of six years beginning July 1, 1924," and also pro- vides that any funds which may hereafter be appropriated under authority of this act, and which may be allotted to works of flood control, may be expended upon any part of the Mississippi River between the Head of the Passes and Rock Island, Ill., and upon the tributaries and outlets of said river in so far as they may be af- fected by the flood waters of said river. Local cooperation.--It has been almost entirely in the construction of levees and revetments that the local authorities have contributed toward the improvement of the river. The organized levee boards have for many years constructed a large portion of the existing levee line, but in recent years local interests have also contributed toward revetment construction, although such contributions have been small compared with the total cost of bank-protection works. The flood control act of March 1, 1917, requires that local interests shall contribute toward levee construction and repair, a sum not less than one-half the amount allotted by the Mississippi River Commis- sion for such work from Federal funds. The amount contributed for work to June 30, 1923, was $11,588,968.68. Terminal facilities.-A discussion of terminal facilities on the Mississippi River below Cairo is contained in the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, for 1919, pages 3538- 3540. A complete report of terminal facilities on the Mississippi River is contained in House Document No. 652, Sixty-sixth Con- gress, second session. Effect of improvement.-It may be stated that in a general way the improvement is providing a safe and adequate channel for naviga- tion and is now in condition to prevent the destructive effects of floods in all except the most extreme high waters. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1863 Operations and results during fiscal year.-Sessions of the com- mission: The one hundred and fifty-seventh, July 12-14, 1922, and the one hundred and fifty-ninth, March 12, 13, 1923, were held in the offices of the commission, the one hundred and fifty-eighth was held on board the steamer Mississippi from St. Louis, Mo., to New Orleans, La., November 16-25, 1922, and the one hundred and six- tieth on board the steamer Mississippi from Rock Island, Ill., to New Orleans, La., April 6-17, 1923. At the one hundred and fifty- seventh, one hundred and fifty-eighth, and one hundred and six- tieth sessions public hearings were given to representatives of navi- gation, levee, commercial, and other interests. Surveys, gauges, and observations: Gauges were maintained and discharge observations were made as required. Surveys were made over improvement works, along caving bends where cut-offs are threatened, of the Mississippi River for 2 miles above to 2 miles below Old River and of Old River. Revetment: Below Cairo 20,302 linear feet of new bank revet- ment and about 5,695,400 square feet of mattress were constructed for repairs to old work. Levees: A total of 19,670,829 cubic yards was placed in levees during the year. Dredging operations: During the low-water season of 1922 eight dredges were operated in 24 crossings from Morrissons to Water- proof, 70 to 677 miles below Cairo. Dredging was also done in Mem- phis Harbor, 227 miles below Cairo; and at the entrance to lower Old River, 772 miles below Cairo. The expenditures during the year, including receipts from sales, etc., are summarized below: New work. Maintenance. Totalexpend- itures. UNITED STATES FUNDS. Specific appropriations. Dredging and miscellaneous: Mississippi River Commission.................. . $54,145.65 $20, 857.30 $75, 002.95 Surveys, gauges, and observations.................. 63,267.85 .. 63, 267.85 2, 865, 873.89 Levees, Head of Passes to Rock Island, Ill............ 279,110. 19 3,144, 984.08 Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel mprovement and protection........... .......... 903, 093.67 1, 020, 778.10 1,923, 871.77 Dredges and dredging ............................ .. 633 354. 19 30, 223.22 663, 577. 41 Plant and miscellaneous ............................ 273, 751.43 515,068. 92 788, 820. 35 Improving harbors and tributaries... ...... ............. 114, 514.61 114, 514.61 Improving Memphis Harbor ....... ..... .......... ... 15,245.66 15,245.66 Total........--.................. ............. 4,793,486.68 1,995,798.00 6,789,284.68 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Levees, Head of Passes to Rock Island, Ill............ 1,455,038.02 144,113.77 1,599,151.79 Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel improvement and protection............. ....... 344,995.14................ 344,995.14 Total................. ... ............. . 1,800,033.16 144,113.77 1,944,146.93 Consolidated total of specific appropriations and contributed funds.............................. 6,593,519.84 2,139, 911.77 8, 733,431.61 UNITED STATES FUNDS. Permanentappropriations,etc. Gauging waters of the Mississippi River and its trib- utaries........................ .. ........ 10, 423.26 .............. 10, 423.26 Increase of compensation, rivers and harbors, 1922... .. 5,370.71 3,627.06 8,997.77 Increase of compensation, War Department, 1923....... 115,355.76 64,655.14 180, 010.90 Total.................................. 131,149.73 68,282.20 199,431.93 Grand total ................ .................. 6,724,69.57 2, 208,193.97 1 8,932 863.54 1864 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The general survey of the Mis- sissippi River from Head of Passes, La., to its headwaters at Lake Itasca, Minn., a distance by river of 2,464 miles, has been completed and maps of the river published. A resurvey from Cairo to the Forts, 1,043 miles, has been completed. Special surveys, including survey of the Atchafalaya River and portions of the Red and Black Rivers have been made. Various discharge, gauge, and other ob- servations have been made on the Mississippi River and tributaries and the Gulf of Mexico. Works for the improvement of the channel have been executed at various places below Cairo, and levees built for flood control from Rock Island, Ill., 507 miles above Cairo, to Head of Passes, 1,063 miles below Cairo. Revetment below Cairo is now in place and in good condition on about 109 miles of river bank. There are 1,786 miles of effective levees in place, containing about 414,158,967 cubic yards. The levee system protects about 27,637 square miles of land. About 82.8 per cent of the total yardage re- uired to complete the levees below Rock Island is now in place. Dredging, which has been done annually since 1895 below Cairo wherever necessary to maintain a navigable channel 9 feet in depth, has proven so successful that in the Mississippi River there is now, with rare exceptions, a good, navigable channel at all stages, with a depth of 9 feet or more over a width of at least 250 feet for a distance of 841 miles below Cairo, and a depth of not less than 30 feet over a width of several hundred feet for the remaining 239 miles to the Gulf of Mexico. The necessary plant required for sur- veys, dredging, and bank protection work has been constructed and maintained. The expenditures have been as follows: New work. Maintenance. Total. United States funds.................................... $98,123, 721.78 $32,805,888.04 $130,929,609.82 Contributed funds..................................... 9, 879, 330.26 379, 952.64 10, 259, 282.90 Total......................................... 108,003,052.04 33,185,840.68 141,188;,892.72 Proposed operations.--Work to correct, permanently locate, and maintain the project channel depth, to revet caving banks, to com- plete the levee systems, and to improve the river harbors, will be con- tinued. The act to continue the improvement of the Mississippi River and for the control of its floods, approved March 4, 1923, provides that-- a sum not to exceed $10,000,000 annually is hereby authorized to be appro- priated for that purpose, for a period of six years beginning July 1, 1924. The full amount of $10,000,000 can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, provided it is made available by Congress prior to the commencement of such year, and exclusive of the balance unexpended July 1, 1924, all balances being needed at the end of each year as a reserve from which to pay outstanding liabilities to cover contracts and other incidental expenses. Commercial statistics.-The Mississippi River from Cairo, Ill., to New Orleans, La., is divided into three stretches, aggregating 976 miles. Navigation season: January 1 to December 31, 1922. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1865 Comparative statement of traffic." CAIRO, ILL., TO NEW ORLEANS, LA., 973 MILES, DIVIDED INTO THRA E STRETCHES. FIRST STRETCH, CAIRO, ILL., TO MEMPHIS, TENN. (227 MILES). Excursion (included Year. Tons. Value.' Passengers. Floated Value. ( under logs. "Pas- senger"). 1918........................634,834 ............ 48,397 3,850 ................... 1919................... ... 655,938 .............. 151,314 5,015................... 1920........................ 1,044,945 $30,206,574 69,757 3,487 $17,435... ... 1921...................... 902,823 51,339,831 124,485 30,226 142,768 61,270 1922........................ 923,386 87,351,709 104,162 5,243 31,461 94,531 SECOND STRETCH, MEMPHIS, TENN., TO VICKSBURG, MISS. (375 MILES). 1918...................... ............ 853,851 54,838 18,329................... 1919....................... 1,056,200... 121,842 15,226 ................... 1920...................... 925,763 $56,147,976 477,155 12,000 $60,000 357,272 1921.................... 1,629,747 70,655,090 102,930 131,001 592,207 39,893 1922......................... 1,441,048 132,422,779 62,690 19,513 487,825 25,654 THIRD STRETCH, VICKSBURG, MISS., TO NEW ORLEANS, LA. (371 MILES). 1918.................... 2,715,928 ............ 26 405 ........... 178,327 ............ ....................... 1919 3,478294 ............ 54,096 203,421 ........... ........ 1920.................... 2,874,910 $148,398,764 267,349 139,834 $699,170 189,164 1921 .................... ,323,335 222,101,379 222,338 43,965 143,992 178,214 1922 ........................ 1,696,819 120,397,727 154, 402 127,185 985,163 147, 474 AT PRINCIPAL PORTS, CAIRO, ILL., TO NEW ORLEANS, LA. (WHICH TRAFFIC IS INCLUDED IN ABOVE STRETCH BUSINESS). AT MEMPHIS, TENN. 1918 ................... 760,478............... 93,654 17,132 ,................... 1919................... 501,335 .............. 158,208 10,243 ................... 1920........... ........ 691,635 $29,409.298 514,540 3,487 $17,435 357,272 1921......................... 587,747 32,008,826 218,320 12,902 64,510 61,270 1922....... ............ 411,401 27,310,332 143,644 ............ .... 120,185 AT VICKSBURG, MISS. 1918.........1,216............. 10,977 3,221.................. 1919....................... 80,563 9,644 9.............. 1,173 .................. 1920...... .............. 78,752 $19,055,915 72,657.. 1, 1921...................... 203,664 4,772,441 23,231 10, 700 $32, 100 1922 ........................ 34,258 2,097,571 8,100............................ 1 Stretch, St. Louis, Mo., to Cairo, Ill., previously reported by the Secretary's Office, will be reported by the St. Louis Engineer Office. s Values when submitted by the carriers have been used as submitted. In other cases units used are believed to be average wholesale prices. Prior to 1920 the values are unknown. $ Exclusive of 3,592,467 tons of petroleum and products, valued at $63 775,634, transported above New Orleans, La., in vessels entering or leaving by way of the Passes. This traffic is now reported under the head of Baton Rouge, La. Financial sumnmary. UNITED STATES FUNDS (SPECIFIC APPROPRIATIONS). Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $798,782.49 (re- ceipts from sales, etc., $503,754.40, and balances received from former appropriations, $295,028.09): New work _--------------------------- ----------------- $98, 123, 721. 78 Maintenance------------------------- ----------------- 32, 805, 888.04 Net total expended---------------------------------- 130, 929, 609. 82 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 137, 920, 738.07 1 Does not include $1,087,623.98, as follows: Balances received from other appropria- tions, $295,028.09 ($2915,151.51 less $123.42 reverted to Treasury); receipts from sales, etc., $503,754.40 ($505,414.86 less $1,660.46 carried to surplus fund); and total amount carried to surplus fund, $288,841.49. To make this amount agree with total specific appropriations add $287,057.61 (amount carried to surplus fund, $288,841.49 less $1,660.46, and $123.42 received from sales, etc., and from other appropriations and carried to surplus fund). 1866 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ $4, 054, 514. 47 $5, 275, 207. 24 $6, 354,917. 10 $6, 041, 097. 78 $4, 793, 486. 68 Expended for maintenance 1..... 1, 998, 311.95 1,977,254. 48 3, 213,005.46 1,850, 622.21 1,995,798. 00 Total expended1 6,052, 826. 42 6......... 7, 252, 461.72 9, 567, 922.56 7, 891, 719.99 6, 789, 284.68 Appropriated or allotted......... 6, 705, 725. 00 13,340,000. 00 6,671,600.00 ,6,835,000.00 5,990,100.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended __ 2 $7, 747, 189. 79 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923___ 5, 986; 600. 00 Amount allotted from appropriation by joint resolution approved May 2, 1922 ____------- 3, 500. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923-__ ---- __ 71, 130. 57 13, 808, 420. 36 Deduction on account of amount carried to surplus fund of the Treasury, Sept. 1, 1923_----------------------------- 28, 007. 43 13, 780, 412.93 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 New work----..----------------------$4, 793, 486. 68 Maintenance -------------------------- 1, 995, 798. 00 6, 789, 284. 68 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended---- ------------- ---- 6,991, 128. 25 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-----------1, 081, 021. 82 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts --------------..------------------- 1,530, 714. 59 2 _11. 73 41 379, 391. S4, 84 July 1, 1923, balance available,------------------------------ 4, 379, 391. 84 Amount unappropriated under continuing-contract authoriza- tion, act of Mar. 4, 1923 ---------------- 60, 000, 000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work and for maintenance .......... 10, 000, 000. 00 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $136.60: New work---- -------- ------ ------------------ $9, 879, 330. 26 Maintenance---------------------------------------- 379, 952. 64 Net total expended ------------------- 10, 259, 282.90 Total contributions to date of this report----__-_---- 11, 588, 968. 68 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1...... S1, 021, 393. 77 $1, 686, 059.91 $2, 332, 223. 83 $1, 936,467. 62 $1, 800, 033. 16 Expended for maintenance 1 ... 82, 406. 75 81, 279. 80 19, 117. 58 41, 604. 41 144, 113. 77 Total expended 1.......... 1, 103, 800. 52 1,767,339. 71 2,351,341.41 1, 978, 072. 03 1,944,146.93 Contributed...... .............. 1,603,500. 00 1, 666, 760. 44 2, 647, 853. 34 638,500.00 2,723,340.10 2 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. Amount $7,572,963.81 previously reported increased $174,225.98 by refundments, etc. s Exclusive of available funds. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1867 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------ 1$574, 789.26 Amount contributed for levees under provisions of flood control act, Mar. 1, 1917__-------------------- ------------ 2,280, 615. 10 Amount contributed for repairing and restoring levees above Cairo, Ill-------------------------------------------- 27, 225. 00 Amount contributed for improvement of Mississippi River------ 415, 500. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923-------------- 136. 60 3,298, 265. 96 Deduction on account of amount returned to contributors ($18,458.71 flood control, and $5,974.54 repairing and restor- ing levees) ------- ------------------------------------- 24, 433. 25 3,273,832. 71 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year :2 For new work ---- ____----- -- $1, 800, 033. 16 For maintenance -------------------------- 144, 113. 77 1,944, 146. 93 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended _________--________- 1, 329, 685. 78 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------------- 162, 722. 38 July 1, 1923, amount-covered by uncompleted con- tracts---__ --------------------- 5591,346. 67 754, 069. 05 July 1, 1923, balance available------- ------------------ --- 575, 616. 73 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June, 30, 1925, for new work and for maintenance ------ _ _--- (") CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR UNITED STATES FUNDS AND CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $798,919.09: New work -- -------------------------------- $108, 003, 052. 04 Maintenance ----------------------------------- 33, 185, 840. 68 Net total expended ------- ______-----_ 141, 188, 892. 72 Total appropriations to date of this report-- _______---- 149, 509, 706. 75 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 2........ $5, Expended for maintenance 2..... 075, 908. 24 $6,2,058,534.28 961,267. 15 $8, 687, 140. 93 $7, 977, 565. 40 $6, 593, 519. 84 2,080, 718.74 3,232,123. 04 1,892,226.62 2,139,911.77 2. . . . . . . . Total expended .. 7,156, 626. 94 9,019,801.43 11,919,263.97 9,869,792.02 8, 733,431.61 Appropriated or allotted......... 8, 309, 225. 00 15, 006, 760. 44 9,319,453.34 7,473,500.00 8,13,440.10 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------ $8, 321,979.05 Amount allotted from War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923 --------- ---------------- 5, 986, 600.00 Amount allotted from appropriation by joint resolution approved May 2, 1922 ------------------------------------------- 3, 500.00 Amount contributed under provisions of flood control act, Mar. 1, 1917 ------ --- 2,280, 615.10 1 Amount $566,856.54 previously reported increased $7,932.72 account reimbursement for supplies. 2 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. a Proportional share as provided by law. 1868 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Amount contributed for repairing and restoring levees above Cairo, Ill ---- ____ _------------ ------ $27,225. 00 Amount contributed for improvement of Mississippi River --- 415, 500. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923--------------- 71, 267. 17 17, 106,686. 32 Deduction on account of amount returned to surplus fund of the Treasury ($28,007.43); amount returned to contributors ($18,458.71, flood control, and $5,974.54, repairing and restoring levees) ----------------------------------- ---------- 52, 440. 68 17, 054, 245. 64 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 For new work ---------------------------- $6, 593, 519. 84 For maintenance------------------- -2, 139,911. 77 8, 733, 431. 61 July 1, 1923, balanced unexpended ------------- 8, 320, 814. 03 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ------------ 1, 243, 744. 20 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts ---------------------------------- 2, 122, 061. 26 3, 365, 805. 46 July 1, 1923, balance available ------------------------------ 4, 955, 008. 57 Amount unappropriated under continuing-contract authorization act of March 4, 1923 ------------------------------- 60, 000, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work and for maintenance .. - 0, 000. 00 2310,000, EXAMINATION MADE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE ACT OF JULY 29, 1921. Report dated April 17, 1922, on preliminary examination of Yazoo River, Miss., with a view to the control of its floods, in accordance with the provision of an act entitled "An act to provide for the control of the floods of the Mississippi River and the Sacramento River, California, and for other purposes," required by the act of July 29, 1921, was duly submitted by the commission. It was reviewed by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors pur- suant to law, and was transmitted to Congress and printed in House Document No. 597, Sixty-seventh Congress, fourth session. Recom- niendation is made therein that a survey be made of this locality at a total estimated cost of $250,000; the United States to conduct the survey, and to contribute $50,000 to its cost, local interests to con- tribute the other $200,000. The commission was also charged with the duty of making a pre- liminary examination and survey provided for by the act of March 3, 1921 (Public No. 372, 66th Cong., 3d sess.), of Atchafalaya, Black, (and Red Rivers in Louisiana, specifying a general plan, with recom- mendations for the execution thereof, that will give the greatest measure of protection to the basins of said rivers from the flood waters of the Mississippi River consistent with all other interests of the lower Mississippi Valley, and reports thereon will be duly sub- mitted when received. 12 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. Exclusive of available funds. * Will be increased by proportional share of funds to be contributed by local levee dis- tricts for levee work, as provided by law. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1869 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1923. OFFICE MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION, St. Louis, Mo., July 12, 1923. From: The Mississippi River Commission: To: The Chief of Engineers, United States Army. Subject: Annual Report for 1923. DUTIES AND JURISDICTION OF TILE MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. The act of June 28, 1879, by which the commission was created, defines its duties in part as follows: To direct and complete such surveys of said river, between the Head of the Passes near its mouth to its headwaters as may now be in progress, and to make such additional surveys, examinations, and investigations, topographical, hydrographical, and hydrometrical, of said river and its tributaries as may be deemed necessary by said commission to carry out the objects of this act. * * * To take into consideration and mature such plan or plans and esti- mates as will correct, permanently locate, and deepen the channel and protect the banks of the Mississippi River; improve and give safety and ease to the navigation thereof; prevent destructive floods; promote and facilitate com- merce, trade, and the postal service. * * * Under the authority of this and subsequent acts making appro- priations and relating to the subject, surveys and observations have been carried on and works of improvement under the authority and direction of laws making appropriations for that purpose have been undertaken and executed. The original project contained in the report of the Mississippi River Commission dated February 17, 1880, contemplated the permanent fixing and improvement of the channel to a depth of at least 10 feet at extreme low water by the contraction of the low-water width to about 3,000 feet, the protection of the banks against caving, and the control of the flood waters by means of levees. This report was the one upon which Congress made its first appropriation for the improvement of the Mississippi River under commission plans, thereby officially adopting such plans for the inauguration of this work. The original project has been modified and extended by later acts of Congress. After the act of July 13, 1892, the plans, speci- fications, and recommendations were subject to the approval of the Chief of Engineers, United States Army. Other acts made specific appropriations that provided for improvement of certain har- bors, rectification and improvement of the mouth of Red River and the head of the Atchafalaya, repairs and construction of levees, and special surveys and investigations. The act of Congress approved June 4, 1906, extended the juris- diction of the Commission- for the building of levees between the Head of the Passes and Cape Girardeau, Missouri. This extended the levee system from Cairo to head of the St. Francis Basin. The river and harbor act approved March 4, 1913, appropriated the sum of $200,000 for the purpose of making an examination of 1870 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. the Mississippi River from Cape Girardeau, Mo., to Rock Island, Ill.- with a view to such improvements as will at the same time promote navigation, develop water power, and protect property adjacent to said river from damage by floods; * * * and for the building of such levees between said points upon the river in aid of navigation, as may be found necessary or desirable by the commission and approved by the Chief of Engineers. The river and harbor act approved July 27, 1916, provides that- any funds which are herein, or may hereafter be, appropriated by Congress for improving the Mississippi River between Head of Passes and the mouth of the Ohio River, and which may be allotted to levees, may be expended, under the direction of the Secretary of War, in accordance with the plans, specifications, and recommendations of the Mississippi River Commission, as approved by the Chief of Engineers, for levees upon any part of said river between Head of Passes and Rock Island, Illinois, in such manner as, in their opinion, shall best improve navigation and promote the interests of commerce at all stages of the river. The flood control act approved March 1, 1917, provides in para- graph (c) of section 1 that- any funds which may hereafter be appropriated under authority of this act for improving the Mississippi River between the Head of the Passes and the mouth of the Ohio River, and which may be allotted to levees, may be expended upon any part of said river between the Head of the Passes and Rock Island, Illinois. The river and harbor act approved July 27, 1916, provides- " That the watercourses connected with said river and the harbors upon, it, now under the control of the Mississippi River Commission and under im- provement, together with the harbor at Vicksburg, Mississippi, and the Ohio River from its mouth to the mouth of the Cache River, which are hereby transferred to and placed under the control and jurisdiction of such com- mission, may, in the discretion of said commission, upon approval by the Chief of Engineers, receive allotments for improvements now under way or here- after to be undertaken, to be paid for from the amount herein appropriated. * * * * * * * Provided further, That no part of the improvement of the Ohio River, with a view to the construction of locks and dams, shall be considered as transferred to or placed under the control and jurisdiction of the Mississippi River Com- mission." The same act provides that- " The jurisdiction of the Mississippi River Commission is hereby extended so as to include that part of the Arkansas River between its mouth and the inter- section thereof with the division line between Lincoln and Jefferson Counties, and any funds which are herein or may be hereafter appropriated by Congress for improving the Mississippi River between Head of Passes and the mouth of the Ohio River, and which may be allotted to levees and bank revetment, may be expended within the limits of said extended jurisdiction, under the direction of the Secretary of War, in accordaince with the plans, specifications, and recommendations of the Mississippi River Commission, as approved by the Chief of Engineers, and upon like terms and conditions for levees and bank revetment upon any part of the Mississippi River now under the jurisdiction of said commission, and in such manner as will best promote and accomplish the purposes for which the commission was created, in so far as the territory hereby added to its said jurisdiction may be involved. The flood control act approved March 1, 1917, further provides- That the watercourses connected with the Mississippi River to such extent as may be necessary to exclude the flood waters from the upper limits of any delta basin, together with the Ohio River from its mouth to the mouth of Cache River, may, in the discretion of said commission, receive allotments for im- provements now under way or hereafter to be undertaken.' MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1871 The flood control act approved March 4, 1923, provides- Any funds which may hereafter be appropriated under authority of this act, and which may be allotted to works of flood control, may be expended upon any part of the Mississippi River between the Head of the Passes and Rock Island, Illinois, and upon the tributaries and outlets of said river in so far as they may be affected by the flood waters of said river. Briefly stated in general terms and quoting in part the several acts of Congress under which the project is being carried out, the work now in progress covers the Mississippi River from Rock Island, Ill., to the Head of the Passes, 1,571 miles, "the Ohio River from its mouth to the mouth of the Cache River," 10 miles, and " the Arkan- sas River between its mouth and the intersection thereof with the division line between Lincoln and Jefferson Counties," 92 miles, and it includes- 1. Flood protection by construction, extension, and repair of levees from Rock Island, Ill., to Head of the Passes, 1,571 miles; along the Ohio River below the mouth of the Cache River and the Arkansas River up to the Lincoln- Jefferson County line, and upon the tributaries and outlets of the Mississippi River in so far as they may be affected by the flood waters of the Mississippi River, in cooperation with the several States and levee boards, to "prevent destructive floods." 2. Continuation of improvement below the mouth of the Ohio River so as to "give safety and ease to navigation" of the Mississippi River at all stages by facilitating the interchange of traffic, "commerce, trade, and the postal service, with a view to securing a permanent channel depth of 9 feet" by means of- (a) Revetment of caving banks to " correct, permanently locate, and deepen the channel, and protect the banks of the Mississippi River," and .for the preservation of harbors and the security of levees. (b) Dredging, for the purpose of maintaining at all stages a "navigable channel 250 feet in width and 9 feet in depth," including construction, opera- tion, and maintenance of suitable dredge boats and auxiliary devices and appli- ances therefor. 3. The maintenance of a navigable channel .-between the waters of the Mis- sissippi, Red, and Atchafalaya Rivers. 4. Physical investigations; maintenance of gauges, and discharge measure- ments of the Mississippi River and its tributaries, preparation and publication of maps and physical data; surveys and investigations covering all phases of river regimen governing the work of channel improvement and flood control "from the headwaters of the Mississippi River to the Head of the Passes." 5. Other miscellaneous details incident to the execution of the general project. The policy adopted by the Mississippi River Commission for work under the flood control act approved March 1, 1917, is given in detail in the annual report of the Mississippi River Commission for 1918, page 3462. HISTORY OF WORK OF COMMISSION. When the Mississippi River Commission began the work of im- provement there were few, if any, precedents of practical value to serve as guides in a project of such magnitude. But very meager data as to the regimen of the river were available, and a thorough knowledge of its many varying phases was essential before satisfac- tory comprehensive plans of improvement could be developed. In addition to the work now in progress as outlined under the heading Duties and jurisdiction of the commission above, extended studies were made of the practicability and feasibility of the systems of river improvement known as the jetty system (that is, contraction 61637-ENG 1923-----118 1872 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. of river width by means of dikes), the levee system and the outlet system. The utility of reservoirs to prevent destructive floods, and the practicability and use of cut-offs in straightening the river were also investigated. Exhaustive surveys and observations of the physics of the river from the headwaters to the mouth were therefore inaugurated and are being carried on for the purpose of securing the necessary data. Experiments with various kinds of plant and material were also made in order to develop the equipment and type of construction needed for efficient work. This work occupied many years. During the earlier years the appropriations were comparatively small, and sometimes failed altogether with disastrous results to the channel works, so progress was necessarily slow. As a result of the knowl- edge of the regimen of the river acquired and the lessons taught by the experimental work, definite projects are now entered upon with confidence of success, but efforts looking to improved methods to se- cure greater efficiency and economy must be continued. The earlier works were designed primarily for the rectification and improvement of the channel, and were confined to the Plum Point Reach, 147 to 186 miles, and Lake Providence Reach, 517 to 550 miles, below Cairo. These reaches were selected because here the shifting sand bars and deficient depths were most pronounced and the low- water navigation was most difficult. Highly beneficial results were obtained in the improvement of the channel depths in these reaches, and the work done in them confirmed the soundness of the theory upon which it was based, but also demonstrated that more substantial types of construction were needed and that the permanent improve- ment of the channel by contraction and revetment works would con- sume a long period of time, while the pressing needs of commerce called for immediate relief. At this time the commission developed efficient types of hydraulic dredges of large capacity and adopted the plan of opening and maintaining channels across obstructing bars during low water by means of dredging. Since the adoption of dredging in 1896 the permanent work of channel improvement has been chiefly confined to the revetment of banks. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. The act of June 28, 1879, by which the commission was created. designated the members and method of appointment to be as follows: SEC. 2. The President of the United States shall, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint seven commissioners, three of whom shall be selected from the Engineer Corps of the Army, one from the Coast and Geodetic Survey, and three from civil life, two of whom shall be civil engineers. And any vacancy which may: occur in the commission shall in like manner be filled by the President of the United States; and he shall designate one of the com- missioners appointed from the Engineer Corps of the Army to be president of the commission. * * * SEC. 3. * * * the Secretary of War shall, when requested by said com- mission, detail from the Engineer Corps of the Army such officers and men as may be necessary, ** * These officers are known as district engineers of the several dis- tricts. SEC. 6. The Secretary of War may detail from the Engineer Corps of the Army of the United States an officer to act as secretary of said commission. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1873 The commissioners during the fiscal year were Col. Charles L. Potter, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, president; J. A. Ockerson, civil engineer; Charles H. West, civil engineer; Edward A. Glenn; Robert L. Faris, assistant director, United States Coast and Geodetic Survey; Col. Harry Burgess, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, to August 26, 1922; Lieut. Col. G. R. Lukesh, Corps of Engineers, United States Army; Col. G. M. Hoffman, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, from August 26, 1922. DISTRICTS AND OFFICE OF SECRETARY. The general duties of the secretary consist of the prosecution of general surveys undertaken by the commission, including field work, reduction and plotting of field notes and maps, and maintenance of permanent marks pertaining to. surveys; maintenance of all high- water gauges, regular river and tide gauges; discharge and slope observations on the Mississippi River and its tributaries; publication, republication, sale, and distribution of maps and charts authorized by the commission; collection, compilation, publication, preservation, and distribution of all official papers, reports, records and physical data of the commission; and is disbursing officer of the commission. In August, 1882, the commission divided the river below Cairo into four engineer districts as a matter of convenience in adminis- tration, and Engineer officers of the Army were detailed as district engineers in charge thereof. The duties of the district engineers consist of preparing plans and specifications and carrying on gen- eral improvement work, under the supervision of the commission, in their respective districts; making investigations and reports as di- rected by the commission; and the disbursement of funds allotted by the commission to their respective districts. The districts are as follows: First district.-Cairo to foot 6f Island No. 40, 220 miles. In 1906 this district was extended to include levees to Cape Girardeau, Mo. The district is now 268 miles long, 54 of which is restricted to levee work. Second district.-Foot of Island No. 40 to mouth of White River, 180 miles. The first and second districts have been combined under one dis- trict engineer, with headquarters at Memphis, Tenn. Third district.-Mouth of White River, Ark., to Warrenton, Miss., 220 miles. Headquarters at Vicksburg, Miss. Fourth district.-Warrenton, Miss., to Head of Passes, 484 miles. Headquarters at New Orleans, La. Northern district.-Levees, upper limits of first district to Rock Island, Ill., 454 miles. This district was established in 1918. Head- quarters at St. Louis, Mo. Dredging district.-Dredging operations below Cairo, Ill. Ex- perimental dredging operations were carried on under the direction of the district engineer, first and second districts, until 1896. When the present project for dredging was adopted the work was trans- ferred to the Secretary where it remained until the dredging district was authorized in 1918. Headquarters, Memphis, Tenn. 1874 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The following Engineer officers were on duty under the com- mission as district engineers during the year: Capt. Edw. N. Chisolm, jr., Corps of Engineers, United States Army, secre- tary of the commission and in charge of northern district. Maj. J. N. Hodges, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, in charge of the first and second districts to May 21, 1923. Capt. George J. Richards, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, acting district engineer in charge of first and second districts from May 21, 1923. Maj. J. A. O'Connor, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, in charge of third district to September 1, 1922; on leave from July 11, 1922. Maj. R. P. Howell, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, in charge of third district from September 1, 1922; acting from July 11, 1922, to September 1, 1922. Maj. Richard T. Coiner, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, in charge of fourth district. Maj. H. H. Stickney, jr., Corps of Engineers, United States Army, in charge of dredging district. APPROPRIATIONS AND ALLOTMENTS. From the creation of the Mississippi River Commission to June 30, 1923, the total specific appropriations made for expenditure under it on the Mississippi River and tributaries, have amounted to $138,207,795.68. (See Table, Recapitulation of Appropriations, etc., page 1912.) By act making appropriations for the military and nonmilitary activities of the War Department for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1924, and for other purposes, approved March 2, 1923, $5,986,600 was appropriated for prosecution of work of flood control in ac- cordance with the provisions of the flood control act approved March 1, 1917. The Mississippi River Commission recommended at its meeting on March 13, 1923, the allotment of this amount as follows: NORTHERN DISTRICT, SECRETARY. Mississippi River Commission ________------ --------------- $50, 000 Surveys, gauges, and observations__- ------------------------- 35, 000 Levees : Muscatine to mouth of Iowa River ------------------ 50, 000 Mouth Iowa River to Burlington--------------------- ----- 130, 000 265, 000 DREDGING DISTRICT. Dredging operations (channel) -------------------------------- 225, 000 Care and repair of plant----------------- ----------------- 240, 000 New plant: 2 oil barges------------------------------------ -------- 30, 000 800 feet steel pipe line ------------------------ 40, 000 Buildings and grounds: Oil tank---------------------------------- ----- 15, 000 Blacksmith shop------------- ----------------------------- 5, 000 Railroad spur----------------------------------------------- 25, 000 Care of depot and grounds-------------------------------- 10, 000 Memphis Harbor------------------------------------------------ 60, 000 650, 000 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1875 FIRST AND SECOND DISTRICTS. Revetment: Hickman, Ky ----------------------------------------- $130, 000 Avenue, Ark ------------------------------------------- 150, 000 Porter Lake, Ark --------------------------------------- 50, 000 Walnut Bend, Ark------------ ---------------------------- 50, 000 Knowlton, Ark_..._________.- Ar------------------------------------ Knowton 150, 000 15,0 Norfolk, Miss ------------------------------------------- 50, 000 Sunflower, Miss-- ----------------------------------- 50, 000 General repairs and stone ---------------------------- 100, 000 Care and repair of plant---------------------------------- 100, 000 New plant: 1 steel hull derrick boat----------------------------------- 20, 000 6 steel barges ------------------------------------------ 90, 000 1 steel launching barge for concrete mat plant--- 60, 000 1 steel hull sand and gravel digger--- ----- - -------- 25, 000 1 steel hull towboat -------------------------------- 100, 000 Levees : Upper St. Francis levee district'___------------------- 150, 000 Reelfoot levee district---_ -- ------------ 30, 000 Lower St. Francis levee district--- ---- -------------- 400, 000 White River levee district_, .------- --------- - 150, 000 1,855, 000 THIRD DISTRICT. Revetment: Millikens Bend, La- ------------------------------------- 150, 000 Cottonwood, Miss--------------------- ------------------ 5, 000 Panther Forest, Ark----7----- ---------- ---- 5, 000 Fitler, Miss ------ --------------- -------------- 50, 000 Valewood, Miss---------------------------------------- 50, 000 Grand Lake, Ark -------------------------------------- 50, 000 Sunnyside, Ark---------------------------------------- 50, 000 General repairs and stone-------------------------------- 100, 000 Plant: Care and repair of plant------------- ----------- 100, 000 6 steel material barges------------------------ 85, 000 New boilers for Coppee and Control ------------------------ 15, 000 Levees: Lower Yazoo levee district (including Brunswick extension) -_. 500, 000 Upper Tensas levee district (provided that not more than $50,000 shall be expended for revetment at Red Fork and Pendleton)-- 450, 000 1, 750, 000 FOURTH DISTRICT. Revetment : Giles Bend------- ----------------------- 125, 000 Deer Park-------------- ---------------------- 150, 000 Grand Bay --------- --------------- ---------------- 75, 000 New Orleans ------------------------------------------ 150, 000 Kempe Bend ----------------------- --------------------- 75, 000 Marengo Bend ------------------------ 50, 000 General repairs and stone-.------ -------- ------------ 100, 000 Care and repair of plant ------------------------------ - 100, 000 New plant -------------- --------------------------- 50, 000 Dredging and miscellaneous: Red and Atchafalaya ---------------------------------- 30, 000 Levees: Lower Tensas levee district------ -- -- -200, 000 Atchafalaya levee district-------------------------- Lafourche levee district--------------------------------- --- 147, 600 59, 000 Barataria levee district --- 40, 000 Pontchartrain levee district ------------- ----------- 75, 000 Lake Borgne levee district- ------------------------- 40, 000 1, 466, 600 1876 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. RECAPITULATION. Dredging Total by Disbursing office. Revetment. Levees. and nnscel- districts. laneous. Secretary and northern district ............................... $180,000 $85,000 $265, 000 Dredging district ............................ ......... 650,000 650,000 First and second districts ............. ............ . 8$1, 125, 000 73 000 0001, 855,00 Third district........ .......................... 800,000 950 000 ....... ..... 1 750 000 Fourth district........................................ 875, 000 561 600 30,000 1,4s600 Total ........................ ............. 2, 800, 000 2, 421,600 765, 000 5, 986, 600 The following reallotments of funds from prior appropriations have been made during the year: SECRETARY. From allotment for levees, Warsaw to Quincy, Ill., 1918 funds, $3,062.10, and similar allotment, 1919 funds, $4,937.90, to dredging and miscellaneous--surveys, gauges, and observations --- _____- $8, 000. 00 From allotments for levees, Muscatine to mouth of Iowa River, Iowa, $3,000; levees, Warsaw to Quincy, Ill., $4,780.48; levees, Grand Tower to Gale, Ill., $7,593.25, all items 1920 funds, to dredging and miscellaneous-surveys, gauges, and observations__ 15, 373. 73 FIRST AND SECOND DISTRICTS. From revetment, New Towboat, $100,000, and levees, Reelfoot Levee district, $28,500, both items 1922 funds, to levees, White River Levee district----------- ------------------------------ 128, 500. 00 From revetment, Porter Lake, 1922 funds, to revetment, general repairs, and stone --------------------------------------- 56, 366. 94 From revetment, New Plant, third district, 1922 funds, to revet- ment, Hickman, Ky---- --- ------------------------------ 30, 000. 00 THIRD DISTRICT. From revetment, Cottonwood, Miss., 1922 funds, to revetment, Fitler, Miss---- --------- ------------------------------ 40, 000. 00 FOURTH DISTRICT. From Homochitto levee district, 1910 funds, to revetment, Kempe Bend ----- ----------------------------------- $418. 72 From revetment, Hard Times Bend, 1922 funds, to revetment, Giles Bend ----------------------------- ------- 30, 000. 00 From revetment, Hard Times Bend, 1922 funds, to revetment, general repairs and stone- ----------------------------- -20, 000. 00 From revetment, Marengo Bend, $50,000, and levees, Lower Tensas levee district, $100,000, both items 1923 funds, to revetment, Kempe Bend----------------------- ------------ ------- 150, 000. 00 From emergency flood control, levees, first and second districts, 1922 emergency funds, to emergency flood control levees, fourth district- 5, 037. 19 The following are the allotments of flood-fight balances (emer-. gency flood control, Mississippi River, act of 1922) to regular work (flood control, Mississippi River): Unallotted balance after flood fight--$-----------------------240, 000. 00 Unexpended balance from levees, northern district, secretary ------ 2, 000. 00 Unexpended balance from levees, first and second districts--- ----- 323. 99 Unexpended balance from levees, third district ---------- -- 3, 977. 22 246, 301. 21 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1877 Allotments : To secretary Mississippi River Commission, to replace certain of his funds revoked to provide $50,000 for dredging and miscellaneous, dredging district (this transaction is, in effect, an allotment to the dredging district) ------------------- $50, 000. 00 To revetment, repairs to existing works and stone, third district------------------------------------------ -- 80, 000. 00 Included in general allotments, page 2024, Report of Chief of Engineers, United States Army, 1922 (Mississippi River Commission) -------------------------- ---- 70, 000. 00 To levees, White River Levee district, first and second dis- tricts --------------- ---------------- 15, 000. 00 To revetment, protection of the Memphis Municipal Terminal, first and second districts--------------------------- 20, 000. 00 To revetment, Hickman, Ky., first and second districts-------- 11, 301. 21 246, 301:21 In addition to the above allotments, the sum of $9,100 was allotted by the Chief of Engineers for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1923, from the permanent indefinite appropriation made by act of August 11, 1888, as amended by act of June 13, 1902, for gauging waters of the Misissippi River and its tributaries, which is applied to the maintenance of certain river gauges. Statement of condition offunds contributed by local levee districts, under flood control act, during the fiscal year 1923, in hands of Col. CharlesL. Potter, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, president MississippiRiver Commission. Amount withdrawn Amount and de- Balance contrib- posited Balance O Levee district. Bank in which funds are deposited. uted dur- Total. with JulY1, 1922. Treasurer June 30, ing fiscal United 1923. year. States during fiscal year. .1 I . -I Secretary: O Subdistrict No. 1 of drainage union district No. 1 (Rock Island American Savings Bank, Muscatine, Iowa..... $18,000.00 $18,000. 00 $10,000.00 $8.000.00 to New Boston, Ill.). I Bay Island drainage and levee district No. (Rock Island to New Boston Ill.). The People's Trust and Savings Bank, Gales- burg, Ill $20,000.00 20,000.00 20,000 00 First National Bank, Burlington, Iowa........ 46,000.00 46,000.00 21,000. 00 25,000.00 Louisa County levee district No. 15 (Muscatine to mouth of Iowa State Savings Bank, Burlington, Iowa.. 10, 000.00 25, 000.00 35, 000.00 20, 000. 00 15,000. 00 Iowa River, Iowa. Iowa River-Flint Creek levee district No. 16 (mouth of Iowa Merchants National Bank, Burlington. Iowa.... 25, 000.00 65,000.00 90,000 00 25,000.00 65,000. 00 River to Burlington, Iowa. 00 Kings Lake drainage district (La Grange to mouth of Missouri Liberty Central Trust Co., St. Louis, Mo........ 37, 500.00 37, 500.00 7,500.00 30,000.00 zI River, Mo.). Snv Island levee drainage district (Quincy to Hamburg Bay, New Canton State Bank, New Canton, Ill. .. 30, 000.00 75,000.00 105,000.00 50,000.00 55.000. 00 00 Ill.). Levee districts Nos. 1, 2, 3, Perry County, Mo. (Pub. Res. 58, 67th Cong.)- District No. 1........................................... (Check)....... ..................... 200.00 200.00 200.00 District No.2 ................... .... ............... (Checks)....................................... 4,000 00 2,100.00 6,100.00 6,100.00 District No. 3............................... (Check) ... .......................... 3, 000.00 5,025.00 8, 025. 00 8,025. 00 Gregory drainage district. Mo. (Pub. Res. 58, 67th Cong.)..... (Draft).... ........................... 1,500.00 1,500.00 1,500.00 Iowa River-Flint Creek levee district No. 16. Iowa (Pub. Res. ..... do........ ....... ............ 500.00 500.00 500.00 58, 67th Cong.). Merchants National Bank, Burlington, Iowa.... ........... 5,000.00 5,000.00 5,000.00 Degognia and Fountain Bluff levee and drainage district (Pub. (Warrant)..... .................... 4,000.00 4, 000.00 4,000.00 Res. 58, 67th Cong.). Preston levee and drainage district, Ill. (Pub. Res, 58, 67th (Check)..... ............... .. ...... . 6,000.00 6,000.00 6,000.00 Cong.). St. Genevieve levee district No. 1, Mo. (Pub. Res. 58, 67th (Checks)................. .................. ............ 3,500.00 3,500.00 3.500. 00 Cong.). Clear Creek levee and drainage district, Ill. (Pub. Res. 58, 67th (Check) ............................... ......... 1,400.00 1, 400.00 1,400.00 Cong.). 94,000.00 293,725.00 387,725. 00 189,725.00 198.000.00 First and second districts: Levee district No. 2, Scott County, Mo. (upper St. Francis (Draft)................................. 9,167.00 9,167.00 ........... 9,167.00 Levee). Mississippi County (Mo.) levee district No.1 (upper St. Fran- Charleston Bank, Charleston, Mo................ ........... 17,000.00 17,000 00 17,000.00 ............ cis Levee). St. John levee district of Missouri (upper St. Francis Levee).... Commercial Trust Co., New Madrid, Mo...... 3,976.01 3, 976.01 3,976.01 Southeast Missouri Trust Co., Cape Girardeau, 7,486.17 7,486.17 7,486.17 Mo. Security Bank & Trust Co., Paragould, Ark..... 2,068.17 2, 068.17 2,068.17 Smith, Moore & Co., St. Louis, Mo.... 95,187.95 55,000.00 40,187.95 Fulton County (Ky,) levee district (Reelfoot Levee)....... National City Bank, Memphis, Tenn............ 5,000.00 5,000.00 5.000 00 Reelfoot levee district of Lake and Obion Counties, Tenn. (Checks)............................. 10,423.71 10,423.71 10,423.71 (Reelfoot levee). First State Bank & Trust Co., Tiptonville, Tenn. 18, 767. 00 18, 767. 00 -18, 767.00 St. Francis levee district of Missouri (lower St. Francis Levee). (Check) ...... ...................... 500. 00 500. 00 500.00 St. Francis levee district of Arkansas (lower St. Francis Levee). do....... ...................... ..... 15,000.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 Helena improvement district (White River Levee)........ National City Bank, Memphis, Tenn.......... 332, 892.91 332, 892.91 175, 000. 00 157, 892.91 Cotton Belt levee district No. 1 (White River Levee) .......... Security Bank & Trust Co.. Helena, Ark ..... .......: 7,500.00 7,500.00 7,500.00 First National Bank, Helena, Ark.............. 15,000.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 The Interstate National Bank, Helena, Ark..... 15, 000.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 Security Bank & Trust Co.,'Helena, Ark........ 15,632.00 15,632.00 15,632.00 People's Savings Bank &Trust Co., Helena, Ark. 15, 000.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 Laconia levee and drainage district (White River Levee)...... Security Bank and Trust Co., Helena. Ark...... 133, 618.00 133,618.00 53,618.00 80,000.00 Laconia levee district No. 1 (White River Levee) ............ (Checks)........................................ 20, 481.48 20, 481.48 20, 481.48 18, 530.35 721,170. 05 739,700.40 433,685.54 306,014.86 Third district: Yazoo-Mississippi Delta levee district (lower Yazoo Levee)... Planters National Bank, Clarksdale, Miss....... 30,000.00 30, 000.00 15, 000.00 15.000.00 Mississippi levee district (lower Yazoo Levee)........ .... Commercial Bank, Greenville, Miss......... ......... 235,000.00 235,000.00 235 000.00 .. (Check)................... ........... 7, 500.00 ............ 7, 500.00 7, 500.00 Cleveland State Bank, Cleveland, Miss......... ............ 235 000.00 235, 000.00 50, 000.00 185,000.00 0O Southeast Arkansas levee district (upper Tensas Levee)....... Desha Bank & Trust Co. Arkansas City, Ark... ............112'500.00 112,500.00 _60, 000.00 52, 500.00 Tensas Basin levee district (upper Tenses Levee) ............ The Richland State Bank, Rayville, La......... ............ 112 500.00 112,500.0060 000.00 52 500.00 Fifth Louisiana levee district (upper Tensas Levee)........... First National Bank, Vicksburg, Miss........ .. ........ 200,000.00 200,000.00 120,000.00 80000.00 0 .......... 932,500.00 932,500.00 547,500.00 385, 000.00 00 -0 00 COD Statement of condition offunds contributed by local levee districts, underflood control act; during the fiscal year 1923, in hands of Col. Charles L. Potter, 00 Corps of Engineers, United States Army, president Mississippi River Commission--Continued. C)T Amount withdrawn Amount and de- Balance contrib- posited with Balance Levee district. Bank in which funds are deposited. July 1, uted dur- Total. Treasurer June 30, 1922. ing fiscal United 1923. year. States during fiscal year. 0 Fourth district: Fifth Louisiana levee district (lower Tenses Levee)........... First National Bank, Vicksburg, Miss............ 1$25,000.00 $100, 000.00 $125,000.00 $82,500.00 $42,500.00 First National Bank Lake Providence, La... . 137, 750.00. ......... 37, 750. 00 37750. 00.. The Bank of Baton Rouge, Baton Rouge, La......... ..... 25,000.00 25 000. 00 ............ 25 000. 00 Palmyra levee district (lower Tenses Levee).... ........ ... First National Bank Vicksburg, Miss........... 7,250.00 . 7 250.00 7 250. 00 Atchafalaya Basin levee district (Atchafalaya Levee).......... The Bank of Baton Rouge, Baton Rouge, La... 45, 000.00 173,800.00 218, 800.00 145.000.00 73, 800.00 Pontchartrain levee district (Pontchartrain Levee)..............do ............ 50 000. 00 50 000.00 35 000. 00 15,000. 00 Lafourche Basin levee district (Lafourche Levee) ............ Bank of Ascension, Donaldsonville, La...................... (Warrant). .......... .... ..................... 30000.00 30 000.00 25 000.00 21 000.00 21 000.00 21, 000. 00 ... 5, 000.00 n Lafourche Basin levee district (Barataria Levee) .............. Bank of Ascension, Donaldsonville, La.................. 10,000.00 10,000.00 10 000.00.. Lake Borgne levee district (Lake Borgne Levee) .............. Bank of St. Bernard, Arabi, La................ ... . 27 000.00 27, 000.00 27000.00.. Grand Prairie levee district (Lake Borgne Levee)........... (Check)........................................000.00 3000.00 300000 ............ 0 Buras levee district (Barataria Levee) ............................. do................................. ........ 10,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 .. W1 115,000.00 449,800.00 564,800.00 396,250.00 168,550.00 Recapitulation: Balance July 1, 1922....$227,530.35...........................................................................................227530 Amount contributed during fiscal year .......... .. . . ..... .......... 2, 397 195.05 June30, 1923, amount deposited to credit Treasurer United States during fiscal year........ .................. 567160.54 Balance June 30, 1923. .... .. . . .1, 057, 564.86 1 1922 statement included $37,750 as deposited during fiscal year and remaining on hand at end of fiscal year in First National Bank, Vicksburg, Miss., instead of First National Bank, Lake Providence, La. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1881 SURVEYS, GAUGES, AND OBSERVATIONS. A general survey was made from the Gulf of Mexico to Lake Itasca to obtain sufficient data for accurate topographical and hydro- graphical maps which were used in studying the physical character- istics of the river, planning improvements, and as a control for later surveys by means of which the changes in bed and banks of the river were ascertained and their causes and effects studied. The general survey covered an area of 5,677 square miles of topography and 1,279 square miles of hydrography. About 4,800 permanent marks were placed and their elevations and geographical positions were deter- mined. The general survey was completed in 1904 and maps covering the entire river have been published. By means of numerous resurveys the progressive changes in the regimen elements of the river below Cairo, such as slope, area of cross section, width, ratio of curvature, and depths at high, low, and medium stages, have been deduced, tabulated, and published, and studies were made as to the character of the banks and their stability as affected by their curvature, vege- tation, and timber. Reports were made by expert geologists on the geological forma- tion of the Delta plain through which the river had carved its bed, and their conclusions were verified by a series of borings. Observa- tions were also made to determine the amount and character of material carried down the river in suspension, the movement of ma- terial along the bottom, and the relations between the oscillations of the river bed and the stage in both bends and straight reaches. A survey for the restoration of the permanent marks of the general survey below Cairo, begun at Cairo in the fall of 1905, was completed to Donaldsonville, La., base line, 890.5 miles below Cairo, in January, 1910. A resurvey of the river between high-water banks from Cairo to mouth of Red River, a distance of 772 miles by river, begun at Cairo in 1911, was completed in January, 1914. A .resurvey of the Mississippi River from Carr Point (770) to the Forts (1043) was completed in January, 1922. Surveys were completed in February, 1914, in the vicinity of New Orleans, La., in connection with pro- posed spillways to reduce flood heights. A survey of the Atchafalaya River from Barbre Landing to the junction of the Little Atchafa- laya and upper Grand Rivers, was made in 1904-5. A survey of the Atchafalaya Ri.ver from its head to Morgan City, La., was made in 1916-17. A survey of Red River from Barbre Landing to Bar- bins Landing, La., 60 miles above, and of Black River from the mouth to Jonesville, La., 57 miles above, was completed in February, 1922. Gauges have been established and maintained at various places on the Mississippi River and tributaries and the Gulf of Mexico, and the readings published. Discharge and other observations have been made on the Mississippi River and tributaries at various sta- tions and the results published in part. Physical data have been compiled and card indexed. During the year the regular and high-water gauges were main- tained; low-water and high-water discharge observations were made where prescribed stages were reached; surveys of caving bends where cutoffs are threatened were made; the regular annual survey 1882 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. of Old River and of the Mississippi River from 2 miles above to 2 miles below the mouth of Red River (772) was made; a survey of the Mississippi River was completed in the vicinity of Poydras Crevasse (985) in July, 1922, and another survey made during No- vember, 1922. A report was submitted on plan for protection of basins of the Atchafalaya, Red, and Black Rivers from flood waters of the Mississippi River. Expenditures under these allotments during the year ending May 31, 1923, amounted to $62,500.67. The total expenditures of the commission for surveys, gauges, and observations to May 31, 1923, amounted to $3,083,500. GENERAL STAGE OF THE RIVER DURING THE YEAR. The stage of the Mississippi River was above 20 feet on the Cairo gauge July 1, July 3 to 28, December 20 to 29, January 10, 11, and 22 to June 30. The stage was below 10 feet from September 19 to No- vember 18, and from November 28 to December 6; the lowest reading for the year was 6,4 feet on November 4 to 6. The highest reading for the year was 46.7 feet March 21, 22, 1923. The low-water season of 1922 lasted through a period of about two months and was favorable for work on construction of levees and revetment, but unfavorable for navigation. The high water of 1923 was but a few feet above a bank full stage, below Cairo, and caused no damage to levees. DREDGES AND DREDGING. When it became apparent that channel improvement by contrac- tion works could not theet the pressing needs of commerce within a reasonable time limit, the commission began experiments looking to channel maintenance during low water by means of hydraulic dredges of large capacity. The development of an efficient dredge to operate in an open channel exposed to shifting winds and the river currents, that would quickly open a cut through the crest of a sand bar from one pool to the next, required a great deal of experi- mental work, covering not only the mechanical details but also the practical manipulation of the dredge under the conditions imposed. A long series of experiments was made to determine the best form of suction head; the economic size of suction and discharge pipes; the velocity of flow in these pipes; the percentage of material that could be pumped and delivered; the best type of pump, number and shape of blades, speed of pump revolutions; anchor piles and hauling cables; pontons for supporting the discharge pipes, etc. The proper manipulation required an intimate knowledge of sand-bar formation and the trend of the current between successive pools which could only be gained by long time contact therewith. As each new dredge was built an effort was made to eliminate the defects of its predecessor. The latest dredge digs a cut through a sand bar 6 feet deep and 32 feet wide at a rate of 360 feet per hour. A thoroughly satisfactory type of hydraulic dredge for Mississippi River channel dredging was developed which has been copied the world over. Eight channel dredges are now in use during the low-water season covering about four months each year. Two other dredges of differ- MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1883 ent type are used in harbor dredging. The present law requires the maintenance of a channel not less than 9 feet in depth and 250 feet in width -at all stages of the river except when closed by ice. A navigable channel has been maintained since 1895, and a channel of project dimensions has been maintained since 1902, except as follows: For 18 days in 1903 and a few days in 1904 the depths at one bar were 8 and 8 feet. For a few days there was a depth of between 8 and 9 feet at five bars in 1908, seven bars in 1910, five bars, in 1914, two bars in 1916, one bar in 1917, one bar in 1919, and one bar in 1920. For a few days there was a depth of between 7 and 8 feet at one bar in 1908. For a few days at one bar in 1913, four bars in 1916, three bars in 1918, one bar in 1919, and two bars in 1920, the required width was not fully maintained. During the dredging season of 1921 five dredges maintained a channel of project dimen- sions except for a few days at Upper Kellogg Crossing (623) the depth was 7 feet, and for a short time at Peacocks (91), Ashport (155), Pecan Point (196), Redman (222), and Upper Kellogg Cross- ings (623), the required width was not maintained. During the dredging season of 1922 eight dredges were operated on 24 crossings from Morrissons (70) to Waterproof (677). Less than 9 feet prevailed for a few days at Point Pleasant (82), Darnell (84), Fritz (103), Mitchell (127), Kate Aubrey (161), and Random Shot (190). At 8 other bars the project depth of 9 feet was found but the required width was not maintained. During the year 2,623,810 cubic yards of material was moved at a total field cost of $193,474.69. Memphis Harbor.-Three dredges operating at different times maintained a navigable channel of sufficient depth and width in Memphis Harbor. A total of 902,799 cubic yards of material was moved at a total field cost of $45,327.73. The total expenditure of dredging district during the year was $520,401.63; total expenditure to end of present year, $9,321,031.61. Old River.-Dredging operations under the fourth district were commenced on August 7, 1922, and were completed November 11, 1922. T he dredged channel was about 1,650 feet long, 82,858 cubic yards of material was moved at a field cost of $20,489.93. The total cost during year was $37,962.68. Navigation difficulties.-During the low-water season of 1922 de- lays were noted as follows (the figures denote distances, in miles, below Cairo): Hotchkiss (64).-The steamer St. Louis and barges aground about Septem- ber 17, about 1,800 feet from channel. The St. Louis was floated on the 19th, one barge on the 21st and the other barge on October 28. Morrissons (70).-On August 4 steamer St. Louis grounded about 1,000 feet from channel. On October 20 barge line boat grounded a barge after taking 2 barges through successfully. Saturn sounded crossing and had not less than 9 feet on four trips through crossing. The barge was released by dredging which continued until the 25th. Point Pleasant (82).-A barge was grounded by steamer Seminole. The Seminole left barge and continued up river. This barge caused the channel to fill. The Oscar Barrett then grounded two barges on opposite side of chan- nel, causing the channel to be completely filled. Dredging was done by the Flad and Harrod from September 30 to October 8 when channel was opened up. Sandy Hook (107).--Dredge Kappa released barge line boat on August 23 that had grounded out of the channel. 1884 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. September 8 the Flad released two barge line tows. One grounded a short distance from the channel causing channel to fill, another attempting to pass up also grounded. All barges were released by September 10. September 22 another barge line tow was found aground and was released on the 24th. September 26,, barge line tow grounded and was released same day. Ashport (155).--August 27, barge line tow went aground 1,000 feet from channel while survey which showed 9 feet 500 feet wide was being made, and instructions as to location of channel had been given them. Last Chance (166).-November 19, barge line boat went aground while dredge was in operation and was pulled off by dredge on same day. Random Shot (194).-September 21 the towboat Richardson grounded while dredge was in operation and was pulled off by the dredge. It will be noted that the difficulties listed above were encountered by plant operated by the Government barge line except in the two cases of Point Pleas- ant (82) and Random Shot (194). A total of $12,324.82 was expended by the commission through the dredg- ing district engineer in assisting grounded plant belonging to the Government barge line. The amount expended is no measure of the actual loss to the dredging district as some of this work delayed the commencement of actual dredging operations to a serious extent and the delay in getting to a crossing often causes a great deal more dredging to be done than would otherwise be necessary. REVETMENT. Since the adoption of dredging in 1896 the permanent work of channel improvement has been confined chiefly to the revetment of banks. The extent of caving bank requiring revetment is, how- ever, relatively so great when compared to the funds available for its construction that it has been necessary to confine the work to cases of urgent necessity, such as caving banks which threaten cut-offs or the safety of large levees which could be replaced only at excessive cost, and the harbor fronts of cities. The construction of works for bank protection upon such a large scale and in locations so difficult as those found on the lower Missis- sippi was at the beginning a problem beyond the experience of engi- neers. There was no road to success except by experiment. The work was tried out in many ways before satisfactory results were reached. The first experiments included woven willow mattresses of different thicknesses varying from 2 to 12 inches, and of different degrees of compactness, elasticity, and roughness of surface. The method of operation comprised three parts: First, the subaqueous revetment; second, grading the bank above the water surface; third, the upper bank protection. The woven willow mats with upper bank protec- tion of brush and stone were followed by fascine mats bound so tightly with wire cables as to be nearly impervious to the wash of the current through them, the upper bank being paved with hand- laid rock or concrete laid in sheets. For several years the commission has been experimenting with concrete as a substitute for the subaqueous brush mats. More than 11,000 linear feet of bank has been protected under water by a mat of reinforced concrete blocks articulated like the top of a roller-top desk. During this fiscal year 1,100 linear feet of bank was protected by subaqueous work consisting of concrete sheets 240 feet long by 12 feet wide by 3( inches thick, reinforced both transversely and longitudinally with by 2-inch steel bars and wire-mesh fencing. Both types of reinforced concrete mats have proved satisfactory. The various changes have been made in the interest of durability and MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1885 economy, and experiments looking to further efficiency are being made. Substantial revetment for the purpose of fixing the banks of the river is essential to any successful scheme of improvement and as the project adopted by Congress requires that the commission shall " correct, permanently locate, and deepen the channel and pro- tect the banks of the Mississippi River," a large increase in expendi- tures for revetment is urgently needed. Work during the fiscal year consisted in placing 20,302 linear feet of new revetment at a cost of $1,479,911.79 and in making miscellane- ous repairs at an expenditure of $1,387,597.29. The total outlay amounted to $2,867,509.08. The following table shows the total length of effective revetment in place and the amount constructed during the present fiscal year. The total expenditure on revetment work from 1881 to May 31, 1923, amounted to $41,028,885.18. This total includes $2,018,309.60 contributed by local interests. Effective length of bank protection, June, 1923, and length built during the year. Miles from Bank Locality. Cairo. riverof Built during the Revetment in place. iCairo. river. year. in place. A bove. Linearfeet. Linear feet. Below Cache River, Ill. (on Ohio River) ............ 2 Right ..... 1,100 2,220 Below. Columbus, Ky.............. .............. 22 Left....... 0 2,200 Hickman, K ..................................... 36 ...do..... 0 1,400 Slough Landing Neck, Tenn ........................ 61-63 ...do...... 0 16,364 New Madrid, Mo................................ 71 Right .... 0 4,450 Gayoso Bend, Mo................. ................ .. 109 ...do...... 0 6 280 Caruthersville, Mo.................................. 112 ...do...... 0 2,342 Barfield, Ark.... ............................... 142-144 ...do..0... 0 8,394 Plum Point Reach" Daniels Point, Ark......... ..................... 152 ... do ..... 0 Ashport, Tenn ............................. 155-159 Left....... 0 Fletchers Bend, Ark........................... 160-163 Right..... O 53,230 Osceola, Ark................................... 165 ... o..... Bullerton Bar, Ark............................. 166-169 ...do..... 0 Golden Lake, Ark. ........................... 191 ...do.... 0 5,000 Robinson Crusoe Island.............................. 225 ...do..... 0 744 Hopefield Bend, Ark............................. 223-227 ...do...... 0 16,724 Memphis, Tenn ..... .............................. 226-228 Left....... 0 14,800 Tennessee Chute, Tenn ........................ ...... 231 ... do. .... 0 1,000 Bauxippi, Ark ... ................. .......... 233 Right..... 0 2,400 Wyanoke, Ark....................................... 235 ...do...... 0 1,927 Norfolk, Miss ........................................ 252-253 Left ...... 2,432 5,630 Star Landing, Miss.......... ....... ..................255-257 ...do...... 0 7,635 Porter Lake, Ark .................................... 258-260 Right..... 0 14,381 Walnut Bend, Ark................................... 278 ... do ..... 0 7,160 Trotters Landing, Miss...... ......................... 304 Left....... 0 12, 850 Helena, Ark..... .................... ........ 307 Right..... 0 5,000 Delta, Miss....................... .............. ...... 316 Left....... 0 7,195 Friar Point Miss............................. .... 318 ...do..... 4,235 4,235 Old Town Bend, Ark ...... ..................... 325 Right..... 0 9, 910 Avenue, Ark......................... ............... 346 ...do.... 2, 435 6,299 Sunflower, Miss ... ............................. 355-357 Left.... 0 8,070 Riverton, Miss... .................................. 398 ...do...... 0 9,200 Pendleton, Ark. (Arkansas River)..................... (1) Right..... 0 2,000 Red Fork, Ark. (Arkansas River) ...................... () ...do...... 0 4,200 Lake Bolivar Front, Miss ............................ 414 Left....... 1,950 12,650 Arkansas City, Ark .............................. ..... 437 Right 0 1,950 Ashbrook Neck, Miss ........................... .. 446 Left...... 600 15,300 Panther Forest, Ark............................ ...... 450 Right..... 0 7,500 Leland Neck Ark ............................... 471 ... do ...... 5,000 Greenville, iss.................... ................... 480 Left....... O0 23,000 Vaucluse, Ark............................... .......... .... 488 Right 0 3,870 Sunnyside, Ark...................... .............. 491 ... do... , 200 1,200 Longwood, Miss. ........... .................. ... 503 Left...... 0 4,200 Grand Lake, Ark................................ 511 Right.... 0 10,000 Princeton, Miss ..... .............................. 515 Left....... 0 3,600 Lake Providence Reach: Louisiana Bend ............................ . 522 Right.... O0 11,300 Lake Providence, La............................... 542 ... do...... 0 12,600 1 40 miles above mouth, 323 miles above mouth. 1886 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Effective length of bank protection, June, 1928, etc.-Continued. Locality. Miles from Cairo. Bank of river, BuiltRevetment during the in place. year. Below. Linearfeet. Linear feet. Valewood, Miss........ ............................ 528 Left...... 0 4,450 Fitler Bend, Miss............................... 551 ... do ..... 0 13,200 Cottonwood, Miss ......................................... 557 ... do ..... 0 10,000 Albemarle Bend, Miss.............................. 569 ...do...... 0 13,720 Delta Point, La........................ ....... ......... 601 Right 0 5,900 Opposite Delta Point................................... 602 Left...0.... 2, 000 VIcksburg, Miss............................... ... 602 ...do...... 0 4, 200 Reid-Bedford Bend La.................. ............ 607 Right..... 0 8,700 Hard Times Bend, La............................... 645 ...... : 0 8, 319 Bondurant Chute, La.................................. 657 ... do..... 1, 630 5780 Kempe Bend, La......................... .......... 673 ... do..... O 28 175 Giles Bend, Miss .... ........................... 687-691 Left....... 0 20 917 Marengo Bend, La................................... 693 Right.... O 12,844 Natchez Front, Miss.............................00 700 Left.. Left..... 0 3,536 Deer Park, La... . ................................. 729 Right.... 3,700 3,700 Grand Bay,La.................................... 808 ... do... 580 5,600 Plaquemine, La. .............................. .......... 854 ... do...... 0 6,370 Avondale, La .......... ......................... 953 ... do...... 0 1,615 New Orleans Harbor ................................. 960-970 Right and 440 60,138 left. Total................................ ............ ............ 1 20,302 574,574 1 3.85 miles. 2 108.82 miles. For data as to the cost of revetments to include the year 1922, see Annual Report of Chief Engineers for 1922, pages 2033-2035. LEVEES. The duty of maturing a plan to prevent or reduce damages caused by destructive floods to a minimum was assigned to the commission by the organic act. After exhaustive studies covering the ad- vantages and limitations of reforestation, reservoirs, cut-offs, and outlets, as steps toward reducing flood heights, it was decided that levees afford the only practicable means for flood control in the lower Mississippi Valley. The problem of protecting a succession of basins below Cairo, covering an overflow area 600 miles long and 50 miles wide, through which run-off from a watershed of 1,240,000 square miles was flowing toward the Gulf at the rate of 2,000,000 cubic feet per second during great floods, was a complicated one. The river carried about 1,000,000 cubic feet per second between its banks. To reclaim and protect the highly fertile delta basins re- quired that the excess water should be reduced from a width of 50 miles to a narrow channel sometimes less than a mile wide, and carried to the Gulf of Mexico between earthen levees. Among the many problems requiring solution in this connection were height and section of levees; efficiency of the embankment, when built of the available material, in withstanding the strain put upon it; power of the soil to sustain the weight of a levee; shape and form of cross section necessary to keep the line of saturation well within the base; use of levees for highways; protection of river side of levee from damage by wave wash; and the effect of levees on the river bed and on gauge heights. When active levee work began in 1882 the levees of the Yazoo Basin were about 8 feet high and contained about 31,500 cubic yards per mile; to-day the levees in the same district up to standard :MISSISSIPPI iRIVER COMMISSION. 18.7. grade and section are 22 feet high and contain about 421,000 cubic yards per mile. The estimated final content of .the controlling levee line below Cairo is about 500,000,000 cubic yards, of which about 86,000,000 cubic yards remains to complete.' The earlier levees were often built with wheelbarrows. As the yardage increased the work was done by teams and scrapers, wheel- scrapers, dump wagons, and finally came the development of drag- line and cableway machines of large capacity. The larger drag- line machines handle from 31 to 5 yard buckets on booms ranging from 125 to 164 feet long. The cableway machines handle a 6-yard bucket and have a normal capacity of 2,000 cubic yards per day. The commission has done important work in developing levee ma- chines and has materially increased their economy and efficiency. The commission has a total of 26 Government owned levee machines in use. In the smaller river above Cairo levee.building is success- fully done by the use of floating cutter dredges, pumping the ma- terial from the bed of the river. For convenience in administration and allotment of funds fari~vee purposes, the river front below Rock Island, Ill., has been divided by the commission into levee districts. The names and locations of the districts as now established by the commission above Cape Girardeau, Mo., are as given on page 3470 of the Annual Report of the Mississippi River Commission for 1918, and below Cape Girardeau are as given on pages 3718-3719 of the Annual Report of the Missis- sippi River Commission for 1912, except that the upper Tensas dis- trict was extended by the river and harbor act approved July 27, 1916, to include that part of the Arkansas River between its mouth and its intersection with the division line between Lincoln and Jef- ferson Counties. The work above Cape Girardeau is restricted by law to the construction of levees and the protection thereof. The following table, which is similar to that given in previous reports, has been brought up to date and shows the present condi- tion of levees below Rock Island, and levee operations during the past year, as compiled from the reports of the district engineers. The column " Estimated final contents" of the levees given in the table is based on grades and sections provisionally established by the commission in April, 1914. Levees in the several districts that have been completed to full commission grade and section are as follows: Northern district, 136.8 miles; first and second districts, 233.6 miles; third district, 146.1 miles; and fourth district, 262.3 miles. Built since Built since Total Levee district. In system. Built. Contents, by United by local built since 1922. States. authorities. 1922. Miles. Miles. Cu. yds. Cu. yds. Cu. yds. C. yds. Rock Island to New Boston, Ill. 25. 0 25. 0 2, 240, 852 470,685 ........... 470, 685 Muscatine to mouth of Iowa River, Iowa ................. 20.0 20.0 1,739,359 251,307 ............ 251, 307 Mouth of Iowa River to Burling- to, Iowa..................... 28.0 28.0 1, 306, 714 201,516 4, 800 205, 816 Month of Des Moines River to La Grange, Mo................ 5.0 5.0 278,655 9,438 ............. 9,438 1 These figures do not take into consideration the extension of the commission's juris- diction provided for in the flood control act approved Mar. 4, 1923. Estimates of the additional yardage have not yet been compiled. 61637---ENG 1923-----119 1888 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. In Contents, Built since Built since Total Levee district.- system. Built. 1922. by United by local built since States. authorities. 1922. Miles. Miles. Cu. yds. Cu. yds. Cu. yds. Cu. yds. Warsaw to Quincy, Ill.......... 17.0 17.0 1,752, 440 31,286 31, 286 Quncy to Hamburg Bay, Ill.... 53.0 53.0 5,688, 814 452,979 452, 979 La Grange to mouth of Missouri River, Mo..... 26.0 23.4 1,674,208 Head of Chouteau Island to ............ Prairie du Pont, Ill........ 21.0 21.0 2,632,235 Prairie du Pont to Grand Tower, Ill.............. ....... 16.0 16. 0 454, 740 31,206 31,206 Grand Tower to Gale, ll.... 22.0 22.0 1,422,285 36,189 36,189 Upper Sti: Franis.. ........ 87.0 79. 5 10, 778, 852 978, 221 978,221 Lower St. Francis.... ...... 218. 0 218. 0 53, 661,240 1,445,012 91,922 1, 536, 934 White River............... 74. 0 74.0 19075, 306 1,060, 554 1,060, 554 Reelfoot............ ...... 21.0 21.0 3, 243,353 75, 045 75, 045 Upper Yazoo................. 98. 5 98.5 42 377,956 276, 044 276, 044 Lower Yazoo................. 206.3 185.2 63 364,181 2362, 231. 898; 627 3, 250,858 Upper Tensas.......... ...... 241.0 241.0 65 763, 582 1,733 190 1,388, 598 3,121,788 Lower Tensas.............. 158. 8 151.7 35 596,856 1,869,154 139,242 2, 008,396 Atchafalaya... ........... 127.5 127. 5 32 391,272 1,744,679 1,573,789 3,318,468 Lafourche.................. 81.9 81.9 16,449,294 396, 513 366, 499 763, 012 Barataria............ .... 72.0 72.0 5,464,113 121,553 29, 546 151,099 Pontchartrain............ 125. 9 125. 9 27,190,158 671,722 485, 363 1,157,085 Lake Borgne............... 79.0 79.0 6.081.941 349,519 134,900 484,419 . ..... I I . I _I Total.................. 1,823.9 1,785.6 400,628,406 14, 281, 999 j 5,388,830 19,670,829 i Lost or Contents, Required Estimated , er cent Approxi- mate Levee district, abandoned final tents. now during the 1923. tocomplete. contents. built. area pro- year. tected. uuau i C d I i Rock Island to New Boston, Cu. yds. Cu. yds. Cu. yds. Cu. yds. Sq. mi. Ill... . of.... a.... ............ 2, 711, 537 802, 500 3, 514, 037 77.2 44 Muscatine to mouth of Iowa River, Iowa........... 1,990, 666 300, 000 2, 290, 666 86.9 34 Mouth of Iowa RiOrer to Bur- lington Iowa... 1, 512, 530 1, 725, 000 3, 237, 530 46.7 70 Month ofDes Moines River to La Grange, Mo....... 288,093 ............. 288, 093 100.0 12 Warsaw to Quincy, Ill....... ............ 1, 783, 093 1,783, 726 100.0 46 Quincy to Hamburg Bay Ill. 6,141, 793 1, 524, 000 7, 665, 793 80. 1 172 La Grange to mouth of Mis- souri River, Mo.......... 1,674,208 380, 000 2, 054, 208 81.3 53 Head of Chouteau Island to Prairie du Pont, Ill....... 2, 632, 235 2, 632, 235 100.0 96 Prairie du Pont to Grand Tower Ill........... 485, 946 1, 458, 474 ........1,485,946 100.0 46 Grand Tower to Gale, Ill..... 464,974 6 500 99.0 45 Upper St. Francis........ 225, 000 11, 532, 073 2762, 766 14, 294,839 80.7 700 Lower St. Francis........ 905,000 54, 293,174 9,582,826 63, 876,000 85.0 3,500 White River............ 850, 000 19, 285, 860 9, 225, 140 28, 511,000 67.6 910 Reelfoot................... 200, 000 3,118,398 909, 602 4, 028,000 77.4 310 Upper Yazoo........... 250,000 42404,000 42 04000 100. O 3,281 Lower Yazoo................. 704, 000 65,911,039 21,'123, 87,034,777 738 75.7 3,367 Upper Tensas............. 621, 000 68,264, 370 19,682,534 87, 946, 904 77.6 3,000 Lower Tensas.............. 416,072 37,189 180 8, 879, 900 46,069, 080 80.7 2,080 Atchafalaya................. 730, 300 34, 99440 4, 030,148 39, 009, 588 89.8 6,035 Lafourche .... ......... 465, 645 16, 746,661 708,116 17, 454, 777 95.9 Barataria................... 29, 328 5, 585,884 668, 660 6,254,544 89.3 2,020 Pontchartrain................ 627, 811. 27 719, 432 3,102, 577 30, 822, 009 89.9 1, 816 Lake Borgne ................ 116, 112 6,450,248 524,649 6,974, 897 92. 5 If .1 Total.................. 6,140, 268 414,158, 967 85, 938, 656 500, 097,623 82. 8 27, 637 The following is a statement of the amounts expended by the United States Government in the construction of levees, and the amounts expended by States, levee districts, and communities inter- ested, from 1882 to December 31, 1922, covering cost of yardage placed, rights-of-way, interest, engineering expenses, repair work, high-water expenses, crevasse closing, etc. MISSI$SIPI UIEl :COMMISSION. .: 189 18"_I Expended by Expended by Expended by Districts. United States from Govern- United States from contrib- State local and organiza- Total. ment funds. uted funds. tions. Northern ................ ............... 2, 221 580.27 $631,069.22 $9,607 837.90 $12, 460487.39 Fir!t and second..................... 15,575 714.27 2,287, 983.23 36, 7 486.78 4, 48,184.28 Third ........................... 21,335, 056.08 2,713,161. 14 31,023, 314.83 55,071,532.35 Fourth .......................... 16, 886,984. 25 1, 805, 816. 25 52,491,291.45 71;,184,091.95 Total.......................... 56,019,334.87 7,438,030.14 129, 906, 930. 96 193,364,295.97 SESSIONS. Four sessions of the commission were held during the fiscal year. The one hundred and fifty-seventh, July 12-14, 1922, and the one hundred and fifty-ninth, March 12, 13, 1923, were held in the offices of the commission International Life Building, St. Louis, Mo.; the one hundred and fifty-eighth was held on board the steamer Mi&sis- sippifrom St. Louis, Mo., to New Orleans, La., November 16-25, 1922, and the one hundred and sixtieth on board the steamer MiSsissippi from Rock Island, Ill. to New Orleans, La., April 6-17, 1923. At the onre hundred and fifty-seventh, one hundred and fifty-eighth, and one hundred and sixtieth sessions public hearings were given to rep- resentatives of navigation, levee, commercial, and other interests. TERMINAL FACILITIES. A report on water terminal and transfer facilities in harbors and on waterways under improvement or maintained by the United States is contained in House Document No. 652, Sixty-sixth Congress, second session. Terminal facilities on the Mississippi River below Cairo were discussed in the report of the Mississippi River Com- mission for 1919, pages 3538-3540. CONDITION OF CHANNEL AT END OF FISCAL YEAR. Except when blocked by ice and during other rare and brief periods, there is now in the Mississippi River a good continuous navigable channel at all stages of the river and at all times of the year, with a depth of 9 feet or more and a width of at least 250 feet for a distance of 841 miles below Cairo, with a depth of not less than 30 feet and a width of several hundred feet at all times for the re- maining 226 miles to the Head of Passes. This navigable channel is also of ample width and of at least 14 feet depth from Caiaj to( the Gulf of Mexico during five to eight months of each year when high stages of river prevail. The following are depths and widths for the different stretches of the river below Cairo that can usually be relied upon during the lowest stages: Cairo to Memphis, Tenn., 227 miles, least depth 9 feet for width of 250 feet. Low-water channel maintained by dredging. Memphis to Vicksburg, Miss., 375 miles, least depth 9 feet for width of 250 feet. Low-water channel maintained by limited amount of dredging. 1890 REPORT OF CHIEFP OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARnY, 1923. Vicksburg to Baton Rouge, La., 239 miles, least depth 11 feet for width of 250 feet or more. Low-water channel maintained by a limited amount of dredging at rare intervals. Baton Rouge to New Orleans, La., 132 miles, least depth 35 feet for width of several hundred feet. No dredging. New Orleans to quarantine station, La., 90 miles, least depth 62 feet for width of several hundred feet. No dredging. At mean low water there is an available depth of 31.5 feet to the Gulf through South Pass, as reported by the District Engineer, New Orleans, La. Estimate of funds required.-The "Act to continue the improve- ment of the Mississippi River and for the control of its floods," approved March 4, 1923, states that-- a sum not to exceed $10,000,000 annually is hereby authorized to be appro- priated for that purpose, for a period of six years beginning July 1, 1924." The full amount of $10,000,000 can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, provided it is made available by Congress prior to the commencement of such year, and exclusive of the balance unexpended July 1, 1924, all balances being needed at the end of each year as a reserve from which to pay outstanding liabilities to cover contracts, and other incidental expenses. CHAs. L. PoTTER, Colonel, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, President Mississippi River Commission. J. A. OCKERSON, Civil Engineer. CHARLES H. WEST, Civil Engineer. ROBERT L. FARIS, Assistant Director, U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. G. M. H+wMAN, Colonel, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army. G. R. LUKESH, Lieutenant Colonel, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army. Money Statements. APPROPRIATIONS EXPENDED UNDER MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. Appropriation for Mississippi River. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---- -------------- --- $24, 601. 75 Receipts from rentals and sales of property___--______------- 39, 714. 56 64, 316. 31 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year --------- - 50, 247. 58 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------14, 068. 73 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities---------------- --- --- 867. 32 July 1, 1923, balance available (dredges and dredging) ----------. 13, 201.41 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1891 APPROPRIATION FOR FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND SACRAMENTO RIVER, CALIF. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ----------------------- 1$1, 563, 034. 79 Miscellaneous receipts from sales, rentals, etc.----------- ---- 10,'705. 48 1, 573, 740. 27 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year----------- 1, 397, 285. 42 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-------------------------- 176, 454. 85 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities--------------- $27, 202. 21 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts ------- --------------------------- 66, 066. 95 93, 269. 16 July 1, 1923, balance available----------------------------- 83185.69 1 The amount, $7,058,856.42, reported in annual report for 1922, has been decreased $5,670,000, accounted for under " Flood control, Mississippi River," and increased $174,- 178.87 by reimbursements, refundments, and adjustments, as follows: Increased by the secretary and northern district: August, 1922, refundment of overpayment on voucher 136, January, 1922 --------------------------------------- $71.84 August and September, 1922, adjustment on Treasury settle- ment No. W. 65474 ---------------------- 21. 16 - $93. 00 By dredging district: Increased- July, 1922, reimbursement from secretary------------- 2, 978. 48 August, 1922, overstatement on voucher 40, June, 1922_ .29 September, 1922, retirement fund correction and reim- bursement from Inland Waterways Commission and secretary_-------------------------------------- 3, 114. 62 March, 1923, refundmept of overpayment on voucher 9, November, 1921---- -_ - ,,-__ 5.00 June, 1923, reimbursement for repairs to snagboat Arkansas -------------------------------------- 12, 038. 57 Total increase ------------------------------- 18, 136. 96 Decreased, March, 1923, to correct errors in C. D. No. 70945, March, 1922---------------------------------------- 8. 34 Total net increase--------------------------- 18, 128. 62 Increased by the third district: August, 1922, adjustment of error in voucher 11, May, 1922_ 12. 00 September, 1922, refundment on voucher 156, December, 1921 ------------------ 1. 00 13. 00 By the fourth district : Increased- July, 1922, to cover transfer of supplies------------- 3, 587. 91 July, 1922, to cover transfer of supplies---..-.... . 40, 657. 54 July, 1922, to cover transfer of supplies...----...... 254. 76 July, 1922, to cover transfer of supplies----............ 230. 77 July, 1922, to cover transfer of supplies-....------....---.. --- 14, 912. 96 July, 1922, refundment of overpayment, voucher 90, March, 1921-------__ --------------------------- 134. 13 August, 1922, reimbursement by secretary2-------- - -2, 985. 13 August, 1922, transfer of supplies-..__---..- -87, 975. 11 September, 1922, refundment of overpayment, voucher 364, December, 1921 -- - - ---- ------------- 4. 00 September, 1922, reimbursement for supplies ------ - 47. 61 September, 1922, reimbursement for supplies--..------- 128. 72 October, 1922 reimbursement from secretary--------- 1, 893. 81 December, 1992, reimbursement for supplies---------- 99. 10 December, 1922, reimbursement for supplies---------- 39. 59 June, 1923, to correct error in distribution of expendi- tures ------------------------------------ _ 2, 993. 61 Total increase --------------------- --- 155, 944. 75 Decreased, July, 1922, adjustment on Treasury settlement. 1. 00 _ _ Total net increase___ .... 155, 943. 75 155, 943. 75 Total increase for all districts . - 174, 178. 37 1892 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Balance available, distributed as follows: Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel improvement and protection------- $47, 860. 59 Dredges and dredging ___ 3, 928. 08 Plant and miscellaneous------------------- 31, 113. 08 Improving harbors and tributaries ----------- 283. 94 - - $83, 185. 60 APPROPRIATION FOR FLOOD CONTROL. MISSISSIPPI RIVER. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended (previously reported under flood control, Mississippi River and Sacramento River, Calif.)- $5, 670, 000. 00 Unexpended balances, previously reported under emergency flood control, Mississippi River, act Apr. 21, 1922, revoked by Chief of Engineers and credited to this allotment----------------- 246, 301. 21 Appropriated by act of Mar. 2, 1923 (War Department) -------- 5, 986, 600. 00 Miscellaneous receipts from sales, rentals, etc--------------- 18, 714. 61 11, 921, 615. 82 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year------------5, 125, 353. 41 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -------------------------- 6, 796, 262. 41 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------------$1, 049, 562. 14 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts__-_ 1, 464, 647. 64 2, 514, 209.78 July 1, 1923, balance available---------------------------- 4, 282, 052. 63 Balance available distributed as follows: Mississippi River Commission --------------- $45, 956. 79 Surveys, gauges, and observations------------ 48, 361. 35 Levees, Head of the Passes to Rock Island, Ill----------- - --------------------- 1, 399, 896. 88 Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel improvement and protection ------ 1,460, 473. 55 Dredges and dredging--------------------- 569, 089. 70 Plant and miscellaneous ------------------- 577, 899. 84 Improving harbors and tributaries-----------180, 374. 52 4, 282, 052. 63 AMOUNT THAT CAN BE PROFITABLY EXPENDED IN FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1925. The "Act to continue the improvement of the Mississippi River and for the control of its floods," approved March 4, 1923, states that " a sum not to exceed $10,000,000* annually is hereby authorized to be appropriated for that pur- pose, for a period of six years beginning July 1, 1924." The full amount of $10,000,000 can be profitably expended in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, provided it is made available by Congress prior to the commencement of such year, and exclusive of the balance unexpended July 1, 1924, all balances being needed at the end of each year as a reserve from which to pay outstand- ing liabilities to cover contracts, and other incidental expenses. APPROPRIATION FOR MAINTENANCE AND IMPROVEMENT OF EXISTING RIVER AND HAR- BOR WORKS. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended act of Mar. 4, 1915----------- $21, 724. 42 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year -------------- 21, 724. 42 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-------------------- ------ 0. 00 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1898 APPROPRIATION FOR EMERGENCY FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---------------------------- '$105, 544. 54 Received from sale of lumber by fourth district in August, 1922__ 719. 55 106, 264. 09 June 30, 1923, expended during fiscal year----- - ____ 104,045.71 Julyl1, 1923, balance unexpended_________--______________ 2, 218. 38 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities __ ________ ___--_-- 1, 266. 27 July 1, 1923, balance available------------- --- ------------------ 952. 11 APPROPRIATION FOR PRESERVING AND PROTECTING LEVEES NOT UNDER GOVERNMENT CONTROL ON MISSISSIPPI RIVER, ITS TRIBUTARIES AND OUTLETS, DURING FLOOD EMERGENCY. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-- --------------------------- $15, 983. 08 Allotted to fourth district Feb. 9, 1923 (ED 13389410), from $200,000 appropriated by act of May 2, 1922 -------------------- 3, 500. 00 Miscellaneous receipts from sales by fourth district , 276. 87 1-------------- Total------------- 20, 759. 45 June 30, 1923, expended during fiscal year __-- ________.--- __- - 18, 705. 97 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended 2, 053. 48 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ____________________-____ 2, 053. 48 July 1, 1923, balance available------------- ------------- 0. 00 APPROPRIATION FOR REPAIRING AND RESTORING LEVEES ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER ABOVE CAIRO, ILL. Appropriated by act of June 10, 1922 (from $200,000 appropriated, by act of May 2, 1922). July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------ __ 2$71, 992. 57 June 30, 1923, expended during fiscal year_______-____--__ _ 71, 922. 17 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ____.___-_____-_____--___ 70. 40 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities----------------------------- 70. 40 July 1, 1923, balance available_ ___________ -_______________ -- 0. 00 1Amount, $351,798.14, reported in Annual Report for 1922, has been increased $53.61 and decreased $246,307.21, as follows: Refundments, etc., credited to allotments indicated: By the third district-- August, 1922, refundment of overpayment on voucher 120, .Tune, 1922 (lower Yazoo levee district) ------------------------ $1.25 February, 1923, refundment of overpayment on voucher 34, June, 1922 (lower Yazoo levee district) .-------------------- 1. 25 By the fourth district o July, 1923, refundment of overpayment on voucher 322, June, 1922_ 45. 00 June, 1923, refundment of overpayment on voucher 368, June, 1922_ 6. 11 Total increase ----------------------------------- ----- 53. 61 By the third district- August, 1922, adjustment of error pn voucher No. 4, June, 1922 (upper Tensas levee district) ---------------------- ------- 6. 00 Revocation of allotments by Chief of Engineers and unallotted balances which reverted to appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River, "act April 21, 1922: Revocations: Unexpended balance under-- Secretary's office--------------------------- --- $2, 000. 00 First and second districts_---------------------- 323.99 Third district -------------- ------ ---------- 539. 20 Fourth district ------------------------------ 3,438. 02 . Total --------------------------------------- 6, 301.21 Unallotted balance - - _--_----240, 000. 00 Total amount to flood control-------------------- 246, 301. 21 Total decrease 2---------------------------- 246, 307. 21 2Amount, $100,000. reported in annual report for 1922, has been decreased $28,007.43 account unexpended balance reverting to United States Treasury to credit of surplus fund on June 30, 1998~2: 1894 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. APPROPRIATION FOR GAUGING WATERS OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND ITS 1 TRIBUTARIES. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended_ ________-_____________ _ $1, 335. 76 Amount allotted by Chief of Engineers from permhanent annual appro- priation made by section 6 of river and harbor act of Aug. 11, 1888,, as amended by section 9 of river and harbor act of June 13, 1902__ 9, 100. 00 10, 435. 76 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year------ $10, 423. 26 June 30, 1923, amount reverted to Treasury during fiscal year--------------------------------------------- 0. 00 10, 423.26 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -------------------------------- 12. 50 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ------.. __--.. ____-_____ __ 12. 50 July 1, 1923, balance available---------------------------------- 0. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending thie 30, 1925 --------------- ----------------------------- 9, 100. 00 ITEMIZED STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1923, SUBMITTED IN COMPLIANCE WITH REQUIREMENT OF SECTION 6 OF RIVER AND HARBOR ACT OF AUGUST 11, 1888. Observations: Pay of permanent gauge observers___ _$--------- - $4, 726. 33 Inspections and repairs: Inspection of gauges on Mississippi River by junior engineers and parties on steamers---- -__- ____ $2, 237. 38 Inspection of gauges on tributaries ---------------- 148. 28 Renewals and repairs of gauges and bulletins--------- 10& 34 2, 489. 00 Office expenses and contingencies: Pay of engineers, surveyors, and clerks__ -____- - 2, 459. 56 Stationery, printing, office rent, etc_------------- _ 748. 37 3, 207. 93 Total ------------------ -------------------------- 0, 423. 26 APPROPRIATION FOR INCREASE OF COMPENSATION, RIVERS AND HARBORS. 1.918funds received---- --------------------------------- 33, 272.79 1919 funds received------------------------- ----------- 21, 961. 45 1920 funds received------ -------------- ---- ---- --- 65, 174. 96 1921 funds received ------ -------- - ----- - 118, 098. 69 1922funds received in fiscal year 1922 _ - ---------- 219, 357. 88 1922funds received. in fiscal year 1923----- ------------------- 3, 154. 79 1923funds received in fiscal year 1923.------------ ---- 189, 697. 58 Total received 50, 718. 14 2 6-------------------------- Expended to June 30, 1922--------------- $452, 022. 79 June 30, 1923, expended in fiscal year,-- ------ 189, 008. 67 641,031. 46 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended__ - ------------------ 9, 686. 68 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities- ---- ----------------- 8, 323. 66 July 1, 1923, balance available_ _---- ----- 1, 363. 02 1 The custody and care of the gauges maintained under this appropriation were assumed by the Mississippi River Commission Feb. 11, 1901, on which date they were transferred to the secretary, Mississippi River Commission, under authority of Secretary of War, dated Jan. 25 1901. SDoes not include amounts received but whieh were returned by: eposit to credit of Treasurer, United States, nor reimbursements or refundments of overpayments which were deposited to credit of Treasurer, United States, all of which reverted to Treasury. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1895 FUNDS CONTRIBUTED FOR IMPROVEMENT OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER. For improvement of Mississippi River in the Yazoo-Mississippi Delta levee district: Contributed during fiscal year 1920 --- .------ - -__ --- $50, 000. 00 Contributed during fiscal year 1921-------------.-- - 200, 000.00 Contributed dpring fiscal year 1922.--..-------------------- 100, 000. 00 Contributed during fiscal year 1923_- -- _-- --- _--------- 375, 000. 00 725, 000. 00 Expended during fiscal year 1920- --------------- $50,000.00 Expended during fiscal year 1921--------------- 199, 782.28 Expended during fiscal year 1922 --- --------- 44, 031. 60 Expended during fiscal year 1923------------------ 378,079.63 671, 893. 51 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended___ - -------------- _-- 53, 106. 49 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-. . 5---106. 49 *3, July 1, 1923, balance available---- ------------------------ 0. 00 For improvement of river, revetment on Ohio below Cache River: Contributed during fiscal year 1923.....----------------------- 20, 000. 00 Expended during fiscal year 1923------------ ------------ 19, 991. 18 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ---.--.------- _-_---- - 8. 82 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities--------------------- 8. 82 July 1, 1923, balance available------------------------------ 0. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River at Hickman, Ky.: Contributed during fiscal year 1923----------------------- 20, 500. 00 Expended during fiscal year 1923 _ ... 15, 404.11 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended-- - _ ---- ----- 5, 095. 89 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities--------------------- 5, 095. 89 July 1, 1923, balance available--------- ----- ----- ----- 0. 00 FUNDS CONTRIBUTED FOR REPAIRING AND RESTORING LEVEES ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER ABOVE CAIRO, ILL. Cintributed by local levee districts during fiscal year 1922 _____. $15, 000.00 Contributed by local levee districts during fiscal year 1923 ------ 27, 225. 00 42, 225. 00 Returned to contributors April and May, 1923, by northern dis- trict -------------------------------------------------- 5, 974. 54 36, 250. 46 June 30, 1923, expended during fiscal year____-- __________ 36, 250.46 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_-__-- - - - 0. 00 -__________ FUNDS CONTRIBUTED BY LOCAL LEVEE DISTRICTS FOR FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER. July 1, 1922, baance unexpended---------------------------- 2 $485, 144. 43 Contributed by local levee districts during fiscal year------------ 2, 280, 615. 10 Receipts from sales-------------------------------------------- 136. 60 2, 765, 896. 13 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year ______- 1, 494, 421. 55 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended____-__-- ___ -__________ 1,271, 474. 58 SAmount, $10,500, reported in annual report for 1922, increased $4,500 by transfer from funds contributed under flood-control act. gThe amount, $500,170.42, reported in annual report for 1922, has been decreased $22,958.71 by transfers and return of contributions and increased $7,932.72 by transfers covering cost of supplies. (Footnote 2 continued on page 1896.) 1896 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities---------------- $104, 511. 18 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts ------------------------------------- 591, 346. 67 $695, 857. 85 July 1, 1923, balance available-------------------------------- 575, 616. 73 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF ALL APPROPRIATIONS EXPENDED UNDER THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION TO JUNE 30, 1923. APPROPRIATION FOR MISSISSIPPI RIVER. Act of June 28, 1879 (organic) $175, 000. 00 Act of June 16, 1880 (sundry civil) 150, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 3, 1881 (river and harbor) 1, 000, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 3, 1881 (sundry civil) 150, 000. 00 Act of Aug. 2, 1882 (river and harbor) 4, 123, 000.00 Act of Aug. 7, 1882 (sundry civil) 150, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 3, 1883 .(sundry civil) ___ 150,000. 00 Act of Jan. 19, 1884 _- 1, 000, 000. 00 Act of July 5, 1884 (river and harbor) 75, 000. 00 Act of July 5, 1884 (river and harbor), less $5,000 transferred to snag-boat service 2, 065, 000. 00 Act of July 7, 1884 (sundry civil) 75, 000. 00 Act of Aug. 5, 1886 (river and harbor), less $5,942.60 for expen- ses, office Chief of Engineers .......--...... 1,994, 057. 40 Act of Aug. 5, 1886 (river and harbor), less $47.30 for expenses, office Chief of Engineers________ 29, 952. 70 Act of Aug. 11, 1888 (river and harbor), less $4,859 for expenses, office Chief of Engineers___________________________ 2, 840, 141. 00 Act of Aug. 11, 1888 (river and harbor) _____ 75, 000. 00 Act of Oct. 2, 1888 (sundry civil) ---- ____-_ 35, 000. 00 Act of Oct. 19, 1888 (deficiency), less $4,214.39 reverted to the Treasury__ _________ ____ __ _ 20, 785. 61 Act of Sept. 19, 1890 (river and harbor) -- __ _ 3, 200,000. 00 Act of Sept. 30, 1890 (deficiency) ___ __- 5, 625. 00 Act of Mar. 3, 1891 (deficiency) _________ 1, 950. 00 Joint resolution approved Mar. 3, 1891 (Public, No. 19) ....... 1, 000, 000. 00 :Act of July 13, 1892 (river and harbor) 2, 470, 000. 00 Act of July 28, 1892 (deficiency) _ _____ ____________ 44. 80 Act of Mar. 3, 1893 (sundry civil) -- 2, 665, 000. 00 Act of Aug. 18, 1894 (river and harbor) 485, 000. 00 Act of Aug. 18, 1894 (sundry civil) ---------------- 2, 665, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 2, 1895 (sundry civil) -- 2, 665, 000. 00 Act of June 3, 1896 (river and harbor_____ ______ 909,000.00 Joint resolution approved Mar. 31, 1897 (Public, No. 6) Act of June 4, 1897 (sundry civil) -----. 250,'000. 00 2, 933, 333. 00 Act of July 19, 1897 (deficiency) 625,000. 00 Act of July 1, 1898 (sundry civil) 1,983, 333. 00 Act of Mar. 3, 1899 (sundry civil) -------------------- ___ --- 2, 583, 333. 00 , Act of Mar. 3, 1899 (river and harbor) -- 185, 000. 00 Act of June 6, 1900 (sundry civil), less $5,000 for expenses office Chief of Engineers____ _ 2, 245, 000. 00 Act of June 13, 1902 (river and harbor) 2, 200, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 3, 1903 (sundry civil) 2, 000, 000.00 Act of Apr. 28, 1904 (sundry civil) 2, 000, 000. 00 (Footnote 2 continued from page 1895.) By the northern district: July, 1922, decreased by transfer to appropriation for "Repairing and restoring levees on the Mississippi River above Cairo, Ill."---------- $4, 500. 00 Contributions returned during fiscal year 1923----------------------18, 458. 71 22, 958. 71 By the fourth district: July, 1922, increased by transfers covering cost of supplies--------- -- 7, 932. 72 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1897 Act of Mar. 3, 1905 (river and harbor) ._ __ $1, 000, 000.00 Act of Mar. 3, 1905 (sundry civil) ------------------------- 2, 000, 000. 00 Act of June 30, 1906 (sundry civil) 2, 000, 000.00 Act of Mar. 2, 1907 (river and harbor) 3, 000, 000. 00 Act of May 27, 1908 (sundry civil) 2, 000, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 4, 1909 (sundry civil) ---------------------------- 2, 000, 000.00 Act of .June 25, 1910 (sundry civil) 1 2, 000), 000. 00 Act of JTttle 25,.1910 (river nd hairbor) 2, 000, 00A00 Act ofo feb. 27, 1911 (river and: harbor) 3, 000, 000. 00 Act of July 25, 1912 (river and harbor), $6,000,000 less $1,443,- 944. 83 expended for rebuilding levees, under joint resolution of Apr. 30,. 1912____- 4, 556, 055. 17 Act of July 25, 1912 (river and harbor) . 30, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 4, 1913 (river and harbor)-- 6,000, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 4, 1913 (river and harbor)-------------- 200, 000. 00 Act of July 27, 1916 (river and harbor) 6, 000, 000. 00 Total specific appropriations-----------------------82, 965, 610.: 68 Balances from former appropriations applied to works below Cairo under act of Aug. 2, 1882, less $123.42 reverted to Treasury 272, 504. 96 $----------------- Same for works above Cairo, under act of July 5, 1884 ------------------------------------- 22, 632. 53 Total ba'ances __ 295, 137. 49 Amount, $15.76, arising from refundments pertaining to extinct or iunknoivn, allotments,. less: debit of Treasury settlement. No. 13704, Dec. 26, 1900, $1.74, as reported by the Chief of Engi- neers, United States Army, June 23, 1916 (credited to allot- ment for " Mississippi River Commission " December, 1916)__ 14. 02 83, 260, 762. 19 Miscellaneous receipts: Previously reported_ $263, 830. 67 Amounts received for rental of steamers Choc- taw and Nokonmis by the dredging district and credited to allotment for "Dredges and dredging ".- In September, 1922 - - $5, 520. 00 In October, 1922__ - _____ 10, 920. 00 Amounts received for rental of dredge Delta and steamer Choctaw by the dredging district in January, 1923_ 9, 215. 09 Amount received from rental of float- ing derrick by the dredging district in April, 1923-------------------- 42. 51 Amount . received from rental of dredge' Delta and steamer Inspector by the dredging district in May__- 13, 201. 41 Amounts received from sales of Engi- neer property, etc., under the pro- visions of section 5 of river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, cred- ited to allotment "Dredges and dredging " dredging district, in months named- November, 1922---------------- 33.58 December, 1922 ____ January, 1923 -------- _ 34. 42 55 1--747. Amount received during fiscal year------ 39, 714. 56 Total miscellaneous receipts-----------------------303, 545. 23 Total---------------- -------------------- 83, 564, 307. 42 189$ REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGI EERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Expended (Mississippi River). Location and object. T e30, June 30 ear Total. ' June 30,,1923. Mississippi River Commission ......................... $1,098,471.L ............... $1,08,471.1 Surveys, gauges and observations.................... 3,124,874.17............. 3,124,874.17 Examination from Cape Girardeau, Mo., to Rock Island, Ill.... 10,000.00 00; 00 ........................................10, 000.00 Levees, Head of Passes to Rock Island, Ill-...... . 34, 841, 723. 90 $23, 194. 97 34,864, 918.87 Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel improvement and protection ........................19, 340, 104.04 418. 72-, 19 340, 522. 76 Dredges and dredging ..................... ........... 7,149, 143. 41 26,633, 89 176,77. 30 Experimental dikes ................................... 100, 000.00 . 100,000.00 Plant and miscellaneous. ................ ... 6,832,497.35 ............... 6,832,497.35 Improving Harbors and tributaries, except Vicksburg H arbor. .... . ...--.... ....................9- 562. 82 .......... 9, 5652, 9,552, 662. 82 " Improving Vicksburg Harbor .-......... ....... 682, 980.98- -- -- --.. 682,980.98 Examination of lands subject to overflow, east bank, Mississippi River................ 22,40194 ................ 22 401.94 Works above Cairo ....................................737, 682.53 ....... . 737; 632.83 Total expended................................... 83, 492, 393.05 50, 247.58 83,542,640. 63 To surplus fund ..... ................... 17,598.06 Balance unexpended June 30, 1923....................... ............ ............... 14 068.73 Total appropriated, etc........... ................................ 83,564,307.42- x Unexpended balance of the specific appropriation by act of July 25, 1912 for examina- tion and survey of lands subject to overflow, east bank Mississippi River, 7,598.06, car- ried to surplus fund June 30, 1914. (ED 15927-414, Sec. MRC 2000-1.) APPROPRIATION FOR FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER, AND SACRAMENTO RIVER, CALIF. Act of June 12, 1917 (sundry civil) ------------------------- $5,660,000.00 Act of July 1, 1918 (sundry civil) -- ---------------------- 6, 670, 000. 0 Act of July 19, 1919 (sundry civil) -- ---------------------- 6, 670, 000. 00- Act of June 5, 1920 (sundry civil) -- --------------------- 6, 670, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 4, 1921 (sundry civil) _--6---- - - -___6, 670, 000. 00- Total specific appropriations---------------------- 32, 340, 000. 00 Miscellaneous receipts: Previously reported--____------------- $157, 287. 43 Amounts received from sales of Engineer prop- erty, etc., under the provisions of section 5 of river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, credited to allotments indicated in months named- By the secretary and northern district- October, 1922 (levees, War- saw to Quincy, Ill., Hunt, D. D. )__---------------_ $40.00 By the dredging district-- August, 1922 (dredging and miscellaneous --- --------- 5. 43 By the third district- September, 1922 (plant) .. 360. 00 December, 1922 (Lower Ya- zoo levee district) ------ 28. 75 December, 1922 (plant) .. 1, 801. 17 By the fourth district- November, 1922 (General re- pairs and stone)- 1, 249. 10 January, 1923 (plant) ------ 600. 00 May, 1923 (plant)--------- 1, 999. 70 I Amount, $38,010,000, corrected to show " Flood control, Mississippi River," under separate appropriation. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1899 1 Miscellaneous receipts-Continued. Amounts received in months named for rental of floating plant and dock and credited to allotment for "Plant," except where otherwise indicated : By the third district- July, 1922 ..... $560. 70 August, 1922 ------------ 1, 251. 45 September, 1922 920. 05 October, 1922 .......... . 1, 531. 80 December, 1922 ........... 83.25 By the fourth district- March, 1923_ 274. 08 Total miscellaneous receipts for fiscal year_ 10,705. 48 $--------------- Total miscellaneous receipts to date---. -- ___________$167, 992. 91 Total ------------------------------------ 82, 507, 992.91 Expended (food control, Mississippi River and Sacramento River, Calif.). During year Location and object. To June 30, ending. Total. June 30, 1923. Mississippi River Commission........................... 1 $283, 539.68 $21, 511.32 $305, 051.00 Surveys, gauges and observations....................... 291, 291.35 27, 051.63 318,342. 98 Levees, Head of the Passes to Rock Island, Ill.......... 2 13, 264 305. 83 770, 330. 03 14, 034,635. 86 Revetment and contraction works permanent channel improvement and protection (includes experimental revetment)..................................8 8, 748 983. 45 116, 125. 68 8 865109.13 Dredges and dredging ................ ................. 42,708 624.25 98, 593.30 2, 217.55 Plant and miscellaneous.......................... 932275.22 302 788.95 4,235,064. 17 Improving harbors and tributaries...................... 964,726.61 60, 884. 51 ,025, 611. 12 Memphis harbor....................................... ' 740,506.25 ................740,506.25 Total expended............................ 30, 984,252.64 1,397, 285.4 2 32, 331,538. 06 Balance unexpended June 30, 1928................................ .......... 176, 454. 85 Total appropriated, etc............................. ................ 32,507,992.91 1 Amount, $283,611.62, reported in Annual Report for 1922, decreased $71.84 in August, 1922, by refundment of overpayment on voucher 186, January, 1922, and credited to secretary's office, dredging and miscellaneous, Mississippi River Commission. 2AAmount, $13,309,075.50, reported in Annual Report for 1922, has been decreased $44,769.67 by refundments of overpayments on vouchers, etc., and' credited to allotments indicated as follows : By the northern district: August and September, 1922, adjustment on Treasury settlement No. W-65474 (levees, Warsaw to Quincy, Ill.; Hunt drainage district, Ill.)_ $21. 16 By the third district: August, 1922, adjustment of error in voucher 11, May, 1922 (lower Yazoo Levee district) -------------------------------------------------- 2. 00 September, 1922 refundment of overpayment on voucher 156, December, 1921 (upper Tensas Levee district)-------------------------------- 1.00 By the fourth district: July, 1922, to cover transfer of supplies between allotments- Lower Tensas Levee district__------------------------ -- - 3, 587..91 Atchafalaya Levee district ------------------------------------- 40, 657. 54 Barataria Levee district --------------------------------- - 254.76 Lake Borgne Levee district----------------------------- --------- 230. 77 September, 1922, refundment of overpayment on voucher 364, December, 1921 (Atchafalaya Levee district) -- ----- ------------- -- 4.00 To correct error in annual report for 1922--------------------. 53 44, 769. 67 (Footnotes continued on page 1900.) 1900 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. APPROPRIATION FOR FLOOD ('ONTIOL, MISISSIPPI RIVER. Act of Apr. 21, 1922 (joint resolution), unexpended balances from $1,000,000 previously reported under emergency flood control,. Mississippi River__------------------------------$246, 301. 21 Act of June 30, 1922 (War Department) ($6,670,000 less $1,000,000 deducted under the provisions of act of Apr. 21, 1922, for emerg ney flood control) .5,670,000. 00 Act of Mar. 2, 1923 (War Department) 5--96__ 600. 00 Total specific appropriations_ 11, 902, 901. 21 Miscellaneous receipts : Previously reported-------------------- $0. 00 Amounts received from sales of engineer property, etc., under the provisions of section 5 of river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, credited to allotments in- dicated in months named- By the first and second districts-- August, 1922 (plant) ----------------- 1, 037. 35 September, 1922 (plant) 99. 00 March 1923 (upper St. Francis Levee district) ------------------------------ 91. 20 March, 1923 (lower St. Francis Levee district) -- __ _ 182. 00 (Footnotes continued from page 1899.) * Amount, $8,740,526.93, reported in Annual Report for 1922, has been increased $13,- 199.28 and decreased $4,742.76 by refundments of overpayments on vouchers, adjust- ments, etc., a net increase of $8,456.52, credited to allotments indicated as follows : Under the first and second districts: Increased by amount previously carried under experimental revetment__ $13, 197. 75 Decreased by amount properly chargeable to Memphis Harbor_ .- 1, 300. 00 By the fourth district: Decreased- July, 1922, refundment of overpayment on voucher 90, March, 1921 (Kempe Bend) ----------------------------------------------- 134. 13 September, 1922, reimbursement for supplies (Grand Bay)------- 47. 61 September, 1922, reimbursement for supplies (Marengo Bend) December, 1922 reimbursement for supplies (Grand Bay)-------- ---- 128. 72 99. 10 December, 1922, reimbursement for supplies (Marengo Bend) -___ 39. 59 June, 1923, to correct error in distribution of expenditures under general repairs and stone (Kempe Bend) ------------------ Increased, July, 1922, adjustment on Treasury settlement, general re- _ 2, 993. 61 pairs and stone (Kempe Bend) --------------------------------- 1. 00 To correct error in 1922 annual report--- -- -------- -- - ---- - -. 5--- 53 SAmount, $2,726,752.87, reported in Annual Report for 1922, has been decreased $18,136.96 and increased $8.34 by refundments of overpayments, adjustments, etc., a net decrease of $18,128.62, credited to dredging and miscellaneous, dredges and dredging, dredging district. Decreased : July, 1922,. reimbursement from secretary_ ___---- --------- $2, 978. 48 August, 1922, overstatement on voucher 40, June, 1922_ ----... ---. 29 September, 1922, retirement fund correction and reimbursement for sup- plies, etc.. from Inland Waterways Commission and secretary -------- 3,114. 62 March, 1923, refundment of overpayment on voucher 9. November, 1921_ 5.00 .Tune, 1923, reimbursement for repairs to snag boat Arkansas------ 12, 038. 57 18, 136. 96 Increased, March, 1923, to correct error made on C. D. No. 70945, March, 1922 -------------------------------------------------------------- 8.34 5 Amount, $4,040,042.23, reported in Annual Report for 1922, has been decreased $107,- 767.01 by transfers covering cost of supplies, etc., by the fourth district and credited to allotment for plant: July, 1922, transfer of supplies-_------------- -------- $14, 912. 96 August, 1922, reimbursement from secretary-- ---- ------------------ 2, 985. 13 August, 1922, transfer of supplies----------------------- --------- _ 87, 975. 11 October, 1922, reimbursement from secretary__--______---- ----- _ 1, 893. 81 107, 767. 01 * Amount, $968,286.38, reported in Annual Report for 1922, has been decreased $3,559.77, as this amount is properly chargeable to Memphis Harbor. 7 Amount, $735,646.48, reported in Annual Report for 1922, has been increased $4,859.77, properly chargeable to this allotment as follows: $1,300 previously reported under revet- ments and $3,559.77 previously reported under improving harbors and tributaries. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1901 By the third district- October, 1922 (repairs to existing works, and stone --------------------- $1,930. 00 November, 1922 (repairs to existing works, and stone) ------------------------- 345. 80 December, 1922 (repairs to existing works, and stone) ------ _____-_______ 1, 213. 90 January, 1923 (repairs to existing works, and stone) --------- ------- 664. 90 February, 1923 (repairs to existing works, and stone) ------------------------- 2, 771. 40 By the fourth district- February, 1923 (Deer Park, La.).------- 1,086.80 March, 1923 (Kempe Bend)-------------453.72 March, 1923 (Deer Park) ___--------- - 503. 78 May, 1923 (Deer Park) ---------------- 328. 80 June, 1923 (Deer Park) --- -- 112. 90 Amounts received in months named for rental of plant and dock, and credited to allotment for "plant," except where otherwise indicated- By the first and second districts- March, 1923...-------------------- 2, 199. 53 May, 1923----------------------------72.36 By the third district-- March, 1923------------------------- 507. 00 April, 1923--------------------- ----- 650. 00 May, 1923 --------------------------- 170. 00 June, 1923 ------------- --- 328. 67 By the fourth district- January, 1923 ------------------------ 228. 22 January, 1923 (Deer Park) -___ _____ 872.70 April, 1923 ------- -- --------------- 2, 864. 58 Total miscellaneous receipts - $18, 714. 61 11, 921, 615. 82- Expended (flood control, Miss8issippi River). During year Location and object. To June 30, ending Total. June 30, 1923. Mississippi River Commission...................... .............. $53,491.63 $53,491.63 Surveys, gauges and observations ...................................... 36, 216. 22 36, 216.22 Levees, Head o the Passes to Rock Island, Ill...................... ... 2,135, 060.81 2,135, 060.81 Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel improvement and protection ................................. , 826, 173. 41 1, 826, 173. 41 Dredges and dredging .......................................... 508,127. 00 508,127. 00 Plant and miscellaneous ............... .......... ........... 482, 431.02 482, 431.02 Improving harbors and tributaries ........ ......................... 83, 853.32 83, 853.32 Total expended......1..... .................... ............. 5,125, 353. 41 5, 125, 353.41 Balance unexpended June 30, 1923........................................... 6, 796, 262. 41 Total appropriated, etc ......................................... . . 11,921, 615. 82 APPROPRIATION FOR MAINTENANCE AND IMPROVEMENT OF EXISTING RIVER AND HARBOR WORKS. Act of Oct. 2, 1914 (allotment Oct. 7, 1914)----------------$3, 750, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 4, 1915 (allotment Apr. 2, 1915) 4, 000, 000. 00 - Total specific appropriations ---------------------- 7, 750, 000. 00 Previously reported miscellaneous receipts ---- ______------_ 11, 505. 73 Total___ -- ___ __------------- ---------------- 7, 761, 505.73 1902 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Expended (maintenance acts, October , 1914, and March 4, 1915). Location and object. To une 30, During endingyear Total. June 30, 1923. Mississippi River Commission ....................... $69, 751.290 ................ $69,751.29 Surveys, gauges, and observations ...................... 124 411.85 124, 411.85 Levees, Head of the Passes to Cape Girardeau, Mo..... 3, 866, 757. 17 1,72.42 3, 888, 481. 59 Revetment and contraction works, permanent channel improvement and protection ........... ...... 2, 122, 716.09 ........ 2, 122, 716. 09 Dredges and dredging .............................. 605 662. 06 .. 605, 662. 06 Experimental revetment.............................. 32 701.39 .32 701 39 Plant and miscellaneous.......................... 571, 109.57 ...... ..... 571,109.57 Improving harbors and tributaries, except Vicksburg Harbor .............................................. 346, 671.89 ... ...... ..... 346,671. 89 Total expended............. .............. 7, 739, 781. 31 21, 724. 42 7, 761, 505. 73 Balance unexpended June 30, 1923 ............ .......... ............... 0.00 Total appropriated, etc....... .................. .. ....... ............ 7, 761,505.73 APPROPRIATION FOR EMERGENCY FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER. Act of Apr. 21, 1922 ($1,000,000 less $246,301.21 reverted to flood control, Mississippi River) ------------------------------ $753, 698. 79 Miscellaneous receipts received from sale of lumber, August, 1922 (fourth district)----------------------------------------- 719. 55 Total -- ------------------------------------------ 754, 418. 34 Expended (emergency flood control). Location and object. To June 30, During year 1922.T ending Total. June 30, 1923. Mississippi River Commission ........................ $6, 042.90 ............ $6,042.90 Levees .................................................. 1642,111.35 $104,045.71 746, 15. 06 Total expended ............... ............. 648, 154. 25 104, 045. 71 752 199. 96 Balance unexpended June 30, 1923........ ........................ ............ ..... 218. 38 Total appropriated, etc ....................................... .............. 754,418.34 1Amount, $642,158.96, reported in annual report for 1922, has been increased $6, and decreased $53.61 by refundments, etc., as follows: by the third district August, 1922, adjustment of error on voucher 4, June, 1922 (upper acreased Tensas Levee district) ....................................................................... $6.00 Decreased: By the third district- August, 1922, refundment of overpayment (lower Yazoo Levee district) .................. 1.25 February, 1922, refundment of overpayment (lover Yazoo Levee district)................ 25 By the fourth district: July, 1922, refundment of overpayment ........ ......................... ....... 45.00 June, 1923, refuadment of overpayment ................... ................................ 6.11 Total decrease....................... .................... .................. 53.6 1 APPROPRIATION FOR PRESERVING AND PROTECTING LEVEES NOT UNDER GOVERNMENT CONTROL ON MISSISSIPPI RIVER, ITS TRIBUTARIES AND OUTLETS, DURING FLOOD EMERGENCY. Allotment from act of May 2, 1922 (to fourth district) in fiscal year 1922 ------ ------------------------------------------ $65, 000. 00 Allotment from act of May 2, 1922 (to fourth district) in fiscal year 1923 ---- ------------------------------------------- 3, 500. 00 Total allotted, etc-.. - --- 68, 500. 00 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1908 Miscellaneous receipts: Amounts received from sales of Engineer property, etc., under the prov'sions of section 5 of river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, credited to appropriation in months named (fourth district)- August, 1922, sale of lumber ________ - ______ $887. 87 ----------- October, 1922, sale of tools, etc_- 353. 25 November, 1922, sale of lumber_-------------_ - 35.25 Total miscellaneous receipts 1,276.37 $------------------ Total-- - -- - - _ -...... 69,,--776.37 Expended (preserving and protecting levees, eto.). Location and object. June 30, 1922 uin . otal. ,2 June 30, 1923. Expenditures (levees) ...... 49, 9...................... 016. 92 $18,705.97 9689 722.89 Unexpended balance June 30, 1923 ...... ..... 2,053.48 Total allotted, etc............. ..... .. .... .. ............... 69,778.37 APPROPRIATION FOR REPAIRItNG AND RESTORING LEVEES ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER ABOVE CAIRO, ILL. Appropriated by act of June 10, 1922 (from $200,000 appropriated by act of May 2, 1922) to secretary and northern district----------- $100, 000 Expended (repairing and restoring levees above Cairo, Ill.). Location and object. To June 30, During year 1922. ending Total. June 30, 1923. Expenditures (levees) ... ....................................... $71, 922.17 $71,922.17 Unexpended balance June 30, 1923................. .............................. 70. 40 Reverted to U. S. Treasury, surplus fund...... .... ....... ..... ... ...................... 28, 007.43 Total allotted, etc .............. ..... ....... ............. . ................. 100,000.00 APPROPRIATION FOR GAUGING WATERS OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND ITS TRIBU- TARIES. Allotments from general appropriations for examinations, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors by acts of- Mar. 3, 1871 [allotment Apr. 11, 1871] $5, 000.00 June 10, 1872 [allotment July 11, 1872] 5, 000. 00 Mar. 3, 1873 [allotment May 17, 1873] 5,000.00 June 23, 1874 [allotment July 29, 1874] - 5, 000. 00 Mar. 3, 1875 [allotment Mar. 22, 1875] -----.--- __ 5,000.00 Specific appropriations by river and harbor acts of- Aug. 14, 1876-- ---------------------------- 5, 000.00 June 18, 1878------------------ ----------- 5, 000.00 Mar. 3, 1879--------------- ------- 5, 000. 00 June 14, 1880--------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Mar. 3, 1881------------------------------------ 5,000. 00 Aug. 2, 1882 -- - ---- --------- - 5, 000.00 Deficiency act of Mar. 12, 1884____ _______ __ ________ 2, 100. 00 Specific appropriations by river and harbor acts of- July 5, 1884--------- ------------------- 5, 000. 00 Aug. 5, 1886------------------------------------------ 5, 000. 00 61637-ENG 1923-120 1904 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Allotted from specific appropriation by river and harbor act of Aug. 11, 1888 [allotment Oct. 17, 1888] -------------------- $8, 700.00 Deficiency act of Oct. 19, 1888--------------- - ----- 3,8600.00 Allotments from permanent indefinite appropriation made by sec- tion 6 of river and harbor act of Aug. 11, 1888, for fiscal years, viz : 1890 [allotment Aug. 23, 1889] --------------------------- 9, 000. 00 1891 [allotment Aug. 19, 1890, $8,700, less $3,518.34 withheld in United States Treasury under ruling that only $6,000 can be expended each fiscal year] -------------------------- 5,181. 66 1892 [allotment July 17, 1891] ------------------------------ 5, 100. 00 1893 [allotment July 15, 1892] ---------------------------- 5, 500.00 1894 [allotment July 18, 1893] ---------------------------- 5, 500. 00 1895 [allotment June 5, 1894]---------------------------- 5,500. 00 1896 [allotment June 4, 1895] ------------------------------- 5, 500. 00 1897 [allotment May 13, 1896] ---------------------------- 5, 500. 00 1898 [allotment June 16, 1897] ---------------------- 5, 500. 00 1899 [allotments May 27, 1898, $5,500, July 12, 1898, $5001 -... 6,000.00 1900 [allotment June 1, 1899] ------------------------------- 5, 500.00 1901 [allotment July 2, 1900]-------------------------------- 6,000. 00 1902 [allotment July 31, 1901] __----- --- -- 6, 000. 00 Allotments from permanent annual appropriatiod made by section 6 of river and harbor act of Aug. 11, 1888, as amended by section 9 of river and harbor act of June 13, 1902, for fiscal years, viz: 1903 [allotment July 23, 1902, $9,600, less $500 allotted Aug. 2, 1902, to St. Paul, Minn., district]------------ 9, 100. 00 1904 [allotment Apr. 18, 1903] ------------------ ---------- 9, 100. 00 1905 [allotment Aug. 11, 1904] -------------------------- 9,100.00 1906 [allotment June 30, 1905] ----__------------------ 9, 100.00 1907 [allotment July 2, 1906] ---------- -------------- 9, 100.00 1908 [allotment July 24, 1907] --- ------------------------ 9,100. 00 1909 [allotment July 3, 1908]----------------------------- 9, 100. 00 1910 [allotment July 13, 1909] -------------------------- 9, 100. 00 1911 [allotment July 27, 1910] ---------------------------- 9, 600.00 1912 [allotment Feb. 7, 1911]-----------------------------9, 100.00 1913 [allotment May 29, 1912] ----------------------- 9, 100. 00 1914 ------------- ---------------------------------- 9, 100. 00 1915 [allotment Sept. 2, 1914] --------------------------- 9, 100.00 1916 [allotment July 28, 1915] --------------------------- 9, 100. 00 1917 [allotment Aug. 3, 1916] ----------------------------- 9, 100. 00 1918 [allotment June 27, 19171 --------------------------- 9, 100. 00 1919 (allotment June 20, 1918] ---------- ____----9, 100. 00 1920 [allotment June 12, 1919]------------------ 9, 100. 00 1921 [allotment June 18, 1920] ------------------- 9, 100. 00 1922 [allotment June 16, 1921] -- ----- 9, 100. 00 1923 [allotment June 14, 1922] ---------------------------- 9, 100. 00 Total -__----------------------------- --------------- 346, 781.66 Expended (gauging waters Mississippi River and tributaries). To June 30, During ye ar Total. 1922. ending. Total. June 30, 1923. Expenditures........................................ $317,386.12 $10,423.26 $327,800.38 Unexpended balances reverted to Treasury....... 18,959.78 ................. 18,959.78 Total......................................336, 345. 90 10, 423.26 346, 769.16 Unexpended balance, June 30, 1923... ............................... 12.50 12.50 Total appropriated, etc......................................................... . 346,781.66 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1905 APPROPRIATION FOR REBUILDING LEVEES OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES DAMAGED BY FLOODS. Joint resolution of Apr. 30, 1912 ------------------------- $1, 500, 000. 00 Allotments- Surveys, Ohio and Mississippi Rivers (allot- ment May 8, 1912) ---------------------- $1, 000. 00 Cairo drainage district (allotment May 21, 1912) --------------------------------- 45, 000.00 Upper St. Francis levee district (allotments May 21, 1912, $65,000, and June 18, 1912, $15,000) ------------------------------- 80, 000. 00 Reelfoot levee district (allotment May 21, 1912) 0, 000. 00 6--------------------------------- Lower St. Francis levee district (allotments May 21, 1912, $200,000, June 18, 1912, $60,000_ 260, 000. 00 White River levee district (allotments May 21, 1912) ------ 175, 000, 00 Lower Yazoo levee district allotment May 21, 1912-------------------------------- 173, 000. 00 Upper Tensas levee district (allotment May 21, 1912) _---------- 269, 000. 00 Red River levees (allotment May 21, 1912) --- 10, 000. 00 Atchafalaya levee district (allotment May 21, 1912) ------------------------------- 150, 000. 00 Lafourche levee district (allotment May 21, 1912) -------------------------------- 100, 000. 00 Lake Borgne levee district (allotment May 21, 1912) -- _------------------------------ 10, 000. 00 East bank Mississippi River from Vicksburg to Bayou Sara, previously reported as allot- ments to Gum Ridge drainage district, Miss., Fort Adams to Tunica La., and Bayou Sara, La. (approved May 21, 1912) -------- 50, 000, 00 Lower Tensas levee district, Palmyra (allot- ment June 18, 1912) --------------------- 11, 000. 00 Lower Tensas levee district, Bougere (allot- ment June 18, 1912) ---------------------- 9, 000. 00 Bayou des Glaises, Atchafalaya, Red River, etc., (allotment June 18, 1912) ------------ 30, 000. 00 Lower Yazoo levee district (allotment July 22, 1912--------------------------------- 37, 000. 00 Upper, Tenstas levee district (allotment July 22,' 1912) ------------------------------ 30, 000. 00 1, 500, 000. 00 Miscellaneous receipts, previously reported-------------------- 1, 169. 66 1, 501, 169. 66 Expended (rebuilding levees). To June 30, During year 1922. ending Total. June 30, 1923. Expenditures........................... . $1,448,102.52 ............... $1,448,102.52 Unexpended balance, carried to surplus fund June 30, 1914 .......... .............................................................. 53,067.14 Total appropriated, etc.......................... ... ............. 1,501,169.66 1906 REPORT' OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. APPROPRIATION, DEFICIENCY ACT OF MARCH 1, 19'21. Allotment for expenditure in Lower St. Francis levee district (first and second districts) : Claim of Roach, Stansell, Lowrance Bros. & Co._ $184, 428. 27 Claim of H. B. Blanks--------- ---... -------- 123, 569. 03 $307, 997.30 Allotment for readjustment of contracts in lower Yazoo Levee district (third district) --------------------------------- 35, 440. 94 Total ------------------------------------------- 343, 438. 24 Expended (deflciency act of March 1, 1921). To June 30, Durin year tal. 1922. I June ending 30, 1923. Total. Expenditures...... ................... 438.24... 343,438.2...............$343, ........ $343,438.24 Total appropriated, etc.......... .......... ....... ...................... 343, 438. 24 APPROPRIATION FOR MODIFICATIONS AND READJUSTMENTS OF CONTRACTS, RIVER AND HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. Act of July 18, 1918 (allotment in fiscal year 1919) _____ $35,725. 00 _____ Readjustment of original allotments in fiscal year 1919, in office, Chief of Engineers, in accordance with completed expenditure of funds, December, 1919, by increasing allotment for "Upper St. Francis Levee district," $66.36, and decreasing allotment for "Lower St. Francis Levee district," $80.45, both in third district, making a net decrease of allotment in fiscal year of 1919 _._._ 14. 09 35, 710. 91 Act of July 18, 1918 (allotment in fiscal year 1920)___ $20, 700. 00 Act of July 18, 1918 (allotment in fiscal year 1921)__ 16, 934. 76 37, 634. 76 73, 345. 67 Expended (modifications and readjustments of contracts). To ne 30 June To1922. 30, During year ending Total. June 30, 1923. Expenditures (levees) ............ ................ $73,135.35.............. $73,135.35 Reverted to Treasury in March, 1921................. ............... 210. 32 Total appropriated, etc............ .................. ... .................. 73, 345. 67 ADDITIONAL PAYMENT TO WALTER H. DENISON, CONTRACT FOR MISSISSIPPI RIVER IMPROVEMENT. Act of Mar. 2, 1919 (sec. 5, river and harbor) - $18, 000 Expended (additional payment to Walter H. Denison). To June 30, During year 9o22. ending. Total. June 30, 1923. Expenditures (levees). ............................... 18, 000 .............. 18, 000 Total appropriated, etc..................... ........ 18,000 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1907 APPROPRIATION FOR IMPROVING YAZOO RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES, MISS.' Act of July 13, 1892____--------------------- $75, 000. 00 Act of Aug. 18, 1894 - -- ..- - - .------ - 225,000.00. Act of Aug. 18, 1894 .----------. ------------------ 40,000. 00 Act of June 4, 1897--------------------- 350, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 3, 1901 ----- ------------- --------- 510,000.00 Act of Mar. 3, 1909 (allotment Mar. 29, 1909) -- -44, 000.00 Act of June 25, 1910 ------------------------------------- 4,000.00 Act of July 25, 1912---- ----------------------------------- 5, 000. 00 Act of Mar. 4, 1913--------------------------------------- 10, 000. 00 1, 263, 000. 00 Miscellaneous receipts, previously reported____- - _______-- .80 Total------- ------------------------------ 1,263, 000. 30 Eipended (improving Yazoo River). To 30, Durin year 193, Juneendg 30, 1923. Toltt Expenditures.. ........ ......... .......... .. 1,248,277.78 .............. 1,248,277,78 Unexpended balance.... ...... ............................ .... ............ 14,722.2 Total appropriated, etc.............. ...... ............ ............... 1,263,000.30 APPROPRIATION FOR EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES OF RIVERS AND HARBORS. Allotments from appropriation by river and harbor act of Mar. 3, 1905: For Ashport, Tenn. (allotments Mar. 29, 1905, $25, and May 8, 1905, $460) --------------- ---------------------------- $485. 00 Allotment from appropriation by river and harbor act of Mar. 4, 1913: For canal leading from Centennial Lake at Vicksburg, Miss., to the Mississippi River------------ ---------------------- 2, 000. 00 Allotments during the fiscal year 1921: For terminal sites, vicinity of Memphis, Tenn. (first and second districts) ---------------------------------------- 600. 00 For Vicksburg Harbor and Yazoo Canal (harbor division, third district) ---------------------------------------- 1, 000. 00 4, 085. 00 Expended during fiscal year 1906 ---------- --- $485. 00 Expended during fiscal year 1914---..--------------------2, 000. 00 Expended during fiscal year 1921---------------- -------- 1, 600. 00 4, 085.00 APPROPRIATION FOR MAINTAINING AND PROTECTING LEVEES OF. MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES AGAINST FLOODS. Act of Apr. 3, 1912 -------------------- ------ -$350, 000. 00 Act of Ar. 16, 1912 3---------------------------- Total specific appropriations 000. 00 6---------------------------- Miscellaneous receipts, previously reported_---------------------- 490.80 Total 650, 490.80 Expended to June 30, 1914 $______________-__- ___ $454, 124. 11 Amount carried to surplus fund June 30, 1913___--___ 195, 850. 59 Unexpended balance carried to surplus fund June 30, 1914 516. 10 650, 490.80 1Funds under this appropriation were transferred to thea control of the district engineer officer, Vicks- burg (Miss.) district, Oct. 9, 1916, under provision of river and harbor act J'uy 27, 1916. (ED 7716-38.) 1908 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. APPROPRIATION FOR REMOVING SUNKEN VESSELS OR CRAFT OBSTRUCTING OR ENDAN- GERING NAVIGATION--INDEFINITE. Allotment for removing wreck of barkentine Rachel Emery...--- $1, 500.00 Expended in fiscal year 1913 ----------- .. 1, 500. 00 Allotment for removing wreck of bark Santos Amarol-........... 8, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1916-----------------_ --- $6.11 Expended in fiscal year 1917-------------------------- 7,993.89 8,000.00 1 APPROPRIATION FOR REPAIRING GOVERNMENT LEVEE AT WALNUT BEND, ARK. Act of June 13, 1902 (river and harbor)--------------------- $90, 000.00 Expended to June 30, 1906 -------------------------------- 90, 000. 00 APPROPRIATION FOR WATERWAY FROM LOCKPORT, ILL., TO ST. LOUIS, MO. Act of June 13, 1902 (river and harbor) -_ $----------- $25, 000. 00 Expended to June 30, 1906 ------------------- $22,291.23 Amount transferred from allotment for "Survey of Illinois and Des Plaines Rivers, Ill.," as reimburse- ment ---------------------- ----- 1, 093. 40 Net expenditures ------------------------ 21,197. 83 Unexpended balance carried to surplus fund on June 30, 1909, under the provisions of section 10 of sundry civil act of Mar. 4, 1909 ----------------------- 3, 802. 17 25, 000. 00 APPROPRIATION FOR EMERGENCIES IN RIVER AND HARBOR WORKS. Allotments from appropriation by act of Apr. 28, 1904: For Wolf River (allotment July 6, 1904) ------------------- $8, 000. 00 For Giles Bend, Miss. (allotment July 6, 1904) --------------- 40, 000. 00 48, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1905----------- ------------------- 48, 000. 00 Allotments from appropriation by act of Mar. 3, 1905: For Old River (allotments Oct. 5, 1908, $6,000, and Nov. 12, 1908, $4,000) 0, 000. 00 1------------------------- Expended in fiscal year 1909_ __- -------------------------- 10, 000. 00 APPROPRIATION FOR CLAIMS FOR DAMAGES BY COLLISION, RIVER AND HARBOR WORKS. Act of Apr. 6, 1914 (urgent deficiency) __----- - $85. 74 Expended in fiscal year 1914 ---------------------------- 85. 74 Act of Sept. 8, 1916 (general deficiency) ------------------------- 475. 28 Expended in fiscal year 1917 ___--------------------- ------ 475. 28 APPROPRIATION FOR INCREASE OF COMPENSATION, RIVERS AND HARBORS (1918-1922), WAR DEPARTMENT (1923). 1918 funds received -------------------------------------------- $33, 272. 79 funds received___---- 1919 funds 1.919 received -------------------------------------- #L, 961. 45 65,l961.45 1920 funds received______________________ 65, 174. 96 1921 funds received------------------------------ -------------- 118, 098. 69 1922 funds received in fiscal year 1922 _______________________ 219, 357. 88 1922 funds received in fiscal year 1923------------------------- 3, 154. 79 1923 funds received in fiscal year 1923 ___________--..-___ 189, 697. 58 Total received---___------------ ' 650, 718. 14 1 Prior to June 30, 1906, was reported under appropriation for Mississippi River. Does not include amounts received but which were returned by deposit to credit of Treasurer United States, nor reimbursements or refundments of overpayments which were deposited to credit of Treasurer United States, all of which reverted to Treasury. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1909 Expended (increase of compensation). To June 30 During year Location and object. 1922.30' ending. Total. June 30, 1923. Expenditures .................................... 1 452, 022.79 $189, 008.67 $641, 031.46 Balance unexpended June 30, 1923............ .............. ....... ................ 9,686.68 Total ........................ .. ........ ................ 650,718.14 1 Amount, $452,016.79, reported in annual report for 1922, increased $6 to adjust errors on voucher 11, May, 1922, and voucher 4, June, 1922, third district. CONTRIBUTED FUNDS (IMPROVEMENT, MISSISSIPPI RIVER). For improvement of Mississippi River at Trotters Point, Miss.... $100, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1914 (revetment) --- ------- 100,000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River near Memphis, Tenn------- 1, 800. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1914 (revetment)-------- $1, 066.61 Unexpended balance refunded to contributor------ 733. 39 1,800.00 For improvement of Mississippi River at Star Landing Bend, Miss- 210,:000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1914 (revetment)- ---- $35,009.30 Expended in fiscal year 1915 (revetment)------- 174, 990. 70 210, 000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River near Laconia Circle, Ark-.... 8, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1915 (revetment) ------------------- 8,000.00 For improvement of Mississippi River at Delta, Miss .__..___ 160, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1915 (revetment) ---- $24, 871. 79 - Expended in fiscal year 1916 (revetment) -----. .-135,128.21 160, 000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River in Upper St. Francis levee district-------------------------------------------- 234, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1917 (levees) ------------ $26, 734. 69 Expended in fiscal year 1918 (levees) ----------- 78, 919. 31 Expended in fiscal year 1919 (levees) ----------- 128,346.00 234,000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River at Gayoso Bend, Mo -------- 150, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1917 (revetment) -- ------ -__ 150, 000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River in the Reelfoot levee district (Kentucky) -------------------------- ----------- 25, 000.00 Expended in fiscal year 1917 (levees) --------------------- 25, 000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River at Norfolk, Miss --------- 100, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1918 (revetment)-------. $50, 000.00 Expended in fiscal year 1919 (revetment) ------- 50, 000. 00 100, 000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River at Norfolk, Sunflower, and Trotters Point, Miss------------------ ----------------- 100, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1919 (revetment) ------- $71, 841. 91 Expended in fiscal year 1920 (revetmnent) -------- 28, 158. 09 100, 000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River at Avondale, La _---------- 45, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1914 (revetment) .--- - $32, 467. 28 Unexpended balance refunded to contributor... 12,532. 72 45, 000. 00 1910 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEI S, U. S. ARMY, 1923. For improvement of Mississiipi River at Torras, La_- - __---_ $3, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1914 (revetment)----- . $2,-453. 74 Unexpended balance refunded to contributor------ 546. 26 3,000.00 For improvement of Mississippi River at Greenville, Miss-------- 35, 500. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1918 (revetment) ----------------- 35, 500.00 For improvement of Mississippi River in the Yazoo-Mississippi Delta levee district: Contributed in fiscal year 1920---- ----------------------- 50, 000.00 Contributed in fiscal year 1921----_..--2-------------- 200, 000. 00 Contributed in fiscal year 1.922..-----------... -. 100, 000. 00 Contributed in fiscal year 1923--------- __--__ 375, 000. 00 725, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1920 (revetment) -_ -. $50, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1921 (revetment)- .-- . 199, 782.28 Expended in fiscal year 1922 (revetment)..-------- 44, 031. 60 Expended in fiscal year 1923 (revetment) .....------- 78, 079 63 671, 893. 51 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------ 53, 106. 49 For improvemet of Mississippi River at Wyanoke, Ark., con- tributed during fiscal year 1920...,_ ---------------- 60, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1920 (revetment)- ..-- - $41, 140. 36 Expended in fiscal year 1921 (revetment)-------- 18, 859. 64 60, 000. 00 For improvement of Mississippi River: Contributed by Mississippi levee commissioners in fiscal year 1922, for- Riverton, Miss------------------------ $60, 000. 00 Valewood, Miss------------------- - 20, 000. 00 Cottonwood, Miss- ------------------- _20, 000. 00 100, 000. 00 Expended in fiscal year 1922 (revetment) 100, 000. 00 For improvement of river, revetment on Ohio below Cache River: Contributed during fiscal year 1923-----------------------20, 000. 000.00 Expended during fiscal year 1923 (revetment) _--------- 19, 991. 18 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended________________________ 8. 82 For improvement of Mississippi River at Hickman, Ky.: Contributed during fiscal year 1923-__---___ 20, 500. 00 Expended during fiscal year 1923 (revetment) ______--_ 15, 404. 11 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------------------5, 095. 89 FUNDS CONTRIBUTED FOR REPAIRING AND RBiTORING LEVEES ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER ABOVE CAIRO, ILL. Contributed by local levee districts during fiscal year 1922.--- _- $15, 000. 00 Contributed by local levee districts during fiscal year 1923.------- 27, 225. 00 42, 225. 00 Expended (coatributed funds, repairing and restoring levees). To June 30, During year Location and object.1922. ending Total. June 30, 1923. Levees, Mississippi River above Cairo, Ill................. ......... $36, 250. 40 36, 250 46 Returned to contributors during fiscal year 1923. ....... ................ 5,974. 54 Total contributed................................................ ............ 42,225.00 1Increased $4,500 account transfer from flood-control appropriation. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1911 FUNDS CONTRIBUTED BY LOCAL LEVEE DISTRICTS FOR FLOOD CONTROL, MISSISSIPPI RIVER. Contributed for flood control, Mississippi River: Fiscal year 1918--------------------------------------- $1, 337, 701. 67 Fiscal year 1919---- ------------------------------- , 478, 500.00 Fiscal year 1920------1-------- -------------------- 1, 531, 760. 44 Fiscal year 1921----- ------------------------------ 2, 443, 853. 34 Fiscal year 1922----- 23,500. 00 4-------- Fiscal year 1923. ---------------------------------- 2, 280, 615. 10 Total contributedL----------- _-- ------------- 9, 495, 930. 55 Miscellaneous receipts: Previously reported --------------------------- $0. 00 Amounts received from sales of Engineer property, etc., under provisions of section 5 of river and har- bor act of June 13, 1902, credited to funds indicated in June: By the first and second districts- Upper St. Francis levee district__ -- ____-__45. 60 Lower St. Francis levee district__ ________--_91.00 Total miscellaneous receipts1---------- ------------- 136. 60 Total ------ -------------------------------- 9, 496, 07. 1 epended (contributed funds, flood control). Location and object. To une 30 During ear Total. June 30, 1923. Leves, Head of the Passes to Rock Island, Ill.......... 2 $6, 702, 971.06 $1,494, 421.55 8, 197,392.61 Balance unexpended July 1, 1923.... ......................... ............... 271,474.8 Returned to contributors by secretary- Fiscal year 1921.......................................................... 2,500.00 Fiscalyear 1922 ................. ..................... ................ 6,241.25 Fiscal year 1923 ......................................... .............. 18, 458. 71 Total contributed................ ........................... .............. 9, 496,,067.15 -Amount, $428,000, previously reported decreased $4,500 account amount beling trans- ferred to appropriation for " Repairing and restoring levees on the Mississippi River above Cairo, Ill." ' Amount, $6,710,903.78, previously reported decreased $7,932.72 account transfers cov- ering cost of supplies, fourth district. iRecapitulation of appropriations, expenditures, etc., under direction of the Misiss8ippi River Commission to June 80, 1923. C' Total to be Balance Expended Total ex- Balance accounted for, received Receipts Total spe- Appropriation for- during fiscal Deductions, unexpended from year ending pended to including re- former ap- frometc. sales, cific appro- June 30,1923. June 30, 1923. June 30,1923. ceipts from priations. sales, etc. propria- tions. rI I- C SPECIFIC APPROPRIATIONS. Mississippi River............................................... $50,247.58 $83,542,640.63 $14,068.73 $83,564,307.42 $295,151.51 $303,545.23 $82,965,610.68 O Maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works. 21, 724.42 7,761. 505.73 7,761,505.73 11, 505.73 7,750,000.00 Flood control, Mississippi River, and Sacramento River, Calif... 1,397,285.42 32, 331,538.06 Flood control, Mississippi River ..... .................. 5,125,353.41 5,125, 353.41 176,454.85 6,796,262.41 32, 507 992.91 ....... ... 167,992.91 32, 340,000.00 18, 714. 61 11,902, 901.21 11,921, 615.82 Emergency flood control, Mississippi River................ 104,045.71 752,199.96 2,218.38 754,418.34 719.55 753,698.79 Preserving and protecting levees not under Government control on Mississippi River, its tributaries and outlets, during flood C3 emergency... ................... ................. 18,705.97 67,722.89 2,053.48 69,776.37 ............ 1,276.37 68,500.00 Repairing and restoring levees on the Mississippi River above V Cairo, Ill.................... ..................... 71,922.17 71,922.17 128,007.43 70.40 100,000.00 100,000.00 Rebuilding levees of the Mississippi River and its tributaries damaged by floods................................. .............. 1,448,102.52 153,067.14 1,501,169.66 1,169.66 1,500,000.00 08 Examinations, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors. 4,085.00 4,085.00 1,169.66 ............ 4,085.00 Maintaining and protecting levees of Mississippi River and tribu- taries against floods.............. ................... 454,124.11 1196, 366.69 650, 490. 80 ............ 490. 8( 650,000.00 Repairing Government levee at Walnut Bend, Ark.......... 90,000.00 90,000.00 .. ° ° 90,000.00 Waterway from Lockport, Ill., to St. Louis, Mo............ 21,197.83 13,802.17 25,000.00 25,000.00 Emergencies in river and harbor works ......................... 58,000.00 58,000.00 58,000.00 Total ............... .................. 6,789,284.68 131,728,392.31 288,841.49 6,991,128.25 8139,008,362.05 295,151.51 505, 414.86 138,207,795.68 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. Total contributed. Contributed funds, improvement Mississippi River .......... Contributed funds, flood control act... 413,474.92 2,025,776. 43 13, 812.37 58,211.20 2, 07, 800. 00 .................... $2,097,800.00 ................ 1,494, 421. 55 17 8,197,392, 61 27, 199. 96 1,271, 474.58 9, 496,067.15 ............ 136.60 9, 495, 930. 55 Contributed funds, repairing and restoring levees above Cairo, Ill. 36,250. 46 36, 250. 46 5,974. 54 ............... 42225. 00 ....... ....... 42, 225. 00 Total................................................... 1,944,146.93 10,259,419.50 46,986.87 1,329,685.78 4 11,636,092.15 ............ 136.60 11,635,955.55 Consolidated specific appropriations and contributed funds....... 8, 733, 431. 61 141,987, 81L 81 335,828.36 8,320,814.03 5150,644, 454.20 ...... PERMANENT APPROPRIATIONS, ETC. Gauging waters of the Mississippi River and its tributaries..... Improving Yazoo River and tributaries, Miss.......... 10,423.26 '188, 001.61 7 12,018. 93 12.50 200,033.04 .................. ........ ..... 8 4, 442.29 a14,772.52 ........... 19,214.81......... ....... ..... Removing sunken vessels or craft obstructing or endangering navigation, indefinite... ............................ 9,500.00 9,500.00 ......... ......... ....... Claims for damages by collision, river and harbor works......... 561.02 561.02 ............. Modifications and readjustments of contracts, river and harbor improvements......... ........ ................. 73,135.35 7210.32 ........... 73,345.67 ............................. Additional payment to Walter H. Denison, contract for improve- ment, Mississippi River............................................. 18,000.00 .......................... . 18,000.00 .................................. Increase of compensation, rivers and harbors and War Department. 189,008.67 641,031.46 ....... 9,686.68 650,718.14 Total............................................................ 199,431.93 1,278,109.97 27,001.77 9,699.18 1,314,810.92.................. ............ Grand total of appropriations and contributed funds....... 8, 932, 863. 54 143, 265, 921. 78 362,830.13 8.330, 513. 21 151, 959,265. 12.......... 1Carried to surplus fund. 2 To reduce to net appropriations, as shown on line 6 of the financial summary, deduct $1,087,623.98, as follows: Balances received from other appropriations, $295,028.09 ($295,151.51 less $123.42 reverted to Treasury); received from sales, etc., $503,754.40 ($505,414.86, less $1,660.46, carried to surplus fund); and total amount carned to surplus fund, $288,841.49. 46 ' Returned to contributors. To reduce to net appropriations, as shown on line 6 of the financial summary, deduct $46,987.87, amount returned to contributors and $136.60 receipts from sales. See notes 2 and4 . 6 Since Feb. 11, 1901. 00 Unexpended balance reverted to Treasury. a Since Mar. 4, 1913. 9 Transferred to control of district engineer office, Vicksburg, Miss., district, Oct. 9, 1916, under provision of river and harbor act July 27, 1916. (ED 7716-38.) -4 1914 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Conmmission June 30, 1923. SECRETARY AND NORTHERN DISTRICT, MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. [Appropriations: Mississippi River flood control, Mississinpi River and Sacramento River, Calif.; flood control, Mississippi River; funds contributed for flood control Mississippi River nmaintenance and imnrovement of existing river and harbor works; emergency flood control, Mississippi River; repairing and restoring levees on the Mississippi River above Cairo, Ill.; funds contributed for repairing and restoring levees on4the Mississippi River above Cairo, Ill.; gauging waters of the Mississippi River and its tributaries; increase of compensation, rivers and harbors 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921 and 1922; increase " of compensation, War Department, 1923; waterway from Lociport, Ill , to St. ouis, M fbr claims for damages by collision;, river and harbor works.] Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River and Sacramento River, Calif., allotment for- Dredging and miscellaneous. Mississippi Surveys, N River gauges, and ew NTew Com- observa survey steaamer. mission. tions. boat: Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year. ............... . ............ $283, 539.68 $276,281 1. $4,162.94 $160, ,132. 28 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year........... 21, 511. 32 127, 051. 63 45, 837.06 6, 207. 74 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month......................... 221, 244. 89 326, 96.63 ~20,012.06 66,207. 74 Amount expended during the month ................. 266.43 "65.0 7 1,526.37 ....... 21, 511.32 27,051. 63 21, 538.43 6,207.74 Balance unexpended at end of month............. ........... 24,29863.... . In Treasury United States ........................... ........... 20,000.00 .......... In hand............ .................... ...................... 4,298.3 ........... ............ .......... 24,298.3 ... Outstanding liabilities at end of month ................ -............ .. ........ 1, 60 ti.8 ........... Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month. .......... ........... 59697.15 .. 11,303.03......... ............... Balance available at end of month............... ..... ........... 12,995.0.. The above balance is unexpended at end of month andI not covered by contracts, but is not available, as the following amounts are required to continue opera- tions now under way by use of United States equip- ment to June 30, 1924............................. ... ........................ , .60... The actual net amounts available for other work under approved subprojects are ............................................. 10,000.00 ............ 1 Amount, $11,677.90, previously reported increased $15,373.73 by reallotment from levees, as follows: Muscatine to Mouth of Iowa River, Iowa (iuscatine-Louisa Island levee district Iowa) $3,000; Warsaw to Quincy, Ill. (Hunt drainage district, Illinois) $4780.48; Grand Tower to Gale, Il., $7,593.25 (Clear Creek drainage and levee district Illinois $2,617.41: and Illinois, $4,975.84). (Sec. MRC. 2662-102.) East Cape Girardeau and Clear Creek drainage district, 2Amount, $21,339.06, previously reported, decreased $94.17 by retirement fund adjustments for fourth quarter. Includes $945.48 reported for transfer to retirement fund ($145.48 deficiency in amount reported for transfer in fiscal year 1922, and $800 estimated deductions for fiscal year 1923). Deductions under this allotment for first quarter $64.52; second quarter $55.88; third quarter, $2.79; and adjustments from other allotments, first quarter, 94.54; second quarter, 162.48; third quarter, $170; fourth quarter, $94.17 8Includes $135.18 retirement fund deductions for third quarter. +Includes $7.50 retirement fund deductions for second quarter and $8.50 for third quarter. *Includes $7.50 retirement fund deductions for first quarter and $11.61 for third quarter. a Includes $65 retirement fund deductions for first quarter. 7 Includes $4.29 retirement fund deductions for fourth quarter. 8 To be withheld from contractor and reimbursed to first and second Mississippi River districts to apply on erroneous payments of $9,789.63 made by that office (ED 132905-17, sec. MRC 2791-581, 614, and 625). MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1915 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and . allotments under Mistsippi River Cmmission June 30, 198.-Continued. SECRETARY .AND NORTHERN DISTRICT, MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION--Con. Appropriation for flood.ntrol ,Missisippi .River anddaeramento River, Calif., allotment for levees. Rock Muscatine to mouth Warsaw to Quincy, Island to of Iowa River, Iowa. Ill. New Boston, Mouth of Ill., Bay Muscatine- Louisa Iowa drainage Louisa Island lCounty levee river to Burling- Hunt drainag Lim La and leeM e ra in age drn d ag e district No. 1,111i - levee district, district ton, Io No. 15, district, Illinois. i Illinois. nois. nois. Iowa. Iowa. Amount exoended on present project to end of last fiscal year........... $44, 767. 85 389, 000.00 $23, 830. 78 $2,125. 07 113, 130. 7 6, 966. 64 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year......... 25,232.15 (') 16,169.22 67, 874.93 10o 7,088.77 33.36 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year.... ................. ..---. . .... ........... ... ....... ....... 40.00......... 67, s74.93 25,232. 15...........1 16,169.22 7, 128.77 33.36 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of pre- vious month...... ...... 1125, 232.15 ......... 2 16, 169. 22 26,761. 89 147, 128. 77" 33.-36 Amount expended during the month. ............... .1510,712.79........... 25,232.15........... 16,169.22 37,474.68 7,128.77 33.36 Balance unexpended at end of month ..................... . 30,400.25 ................. In Treasury United States........... .................... . ...... 15,00.25. .......... .... In band........................... .......... ...................... 30,400.25 ... .25 ............ .. ......... Outstanding liabilities at end of month................... 7, 293 .23 ... Amount covered by existing con- - - - - -23-10702 . - - - - - .............. 3 3.0 .............. ........... 9 Amount, $3,000, previously reported, transferred by reallotment to 'Dredging and miscellaneous" (sur- veys, gauges, and observations) by Mississippi River Commission, approved by Chief of Engineers Feb. 21 1923 (ED 15927-802, sec. MRC. 2562-102). Advice Serial No. C-1685. ?0 Amount, $1,869.25, •previously reported, decreased $4,780.48 by reallotment to "Dredging and miscel- laneo fs' (sirveys, gauges, and bbservations) by Mississippi River Commission, approved by Chief of 1En- gineers Feb. 21, 1923 (ED 15927-802, sec. MRC. 2662-102). Advice Serial No. C-1685. " Includes $4.31 retirement fund deductions for first quarter, and $5.50 for second quarter. 1 Includes $5.10 retirement fund deductions for first quarter. .Inr~aludes $12.53 retirement fund deductions for first quarter, $55.60 for second quarter, and $14.71 for third .quarter. 14 Incluies $3.23 retirement fund deductions for first quarter. 1, Includes $25.88 retirement fund deductions for fourth quarter. 1916 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 30, 1928-Continued. SECRETARY AND NORTHERN DISTRICT, MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION--Con. Appropraition for flood control, Mississippi River and Sacramento River, Calif., allotment for levees. I LaGrang Grand Tower to Gale, Ill. Missouri River, Quincy to Clear East Cape Expended Mo. Hamburg Creek Girardeau allotments. Total. (Kings Bay, Ill. drainage. and Cleat Lake and Creek drainage levee drainage district, district, district, Missouri). Illinois. Illinois. 1- -1- 1 Amount expended on present proj- ect to end of last fiscal year...... $38, 663. 09 $315, 804. 05 $44, 382. 59 $93, 392. 99 16$186,815:62 $1, 741, 995. 43 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year.. .. ............... 1, 336.91 84,195.95 (17) 1857553 .......... 303,114.57 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year.............. 40.00 1,336.91 84,195.95 .......... 575.53............. 303,154.57 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of pre- 0 vious month.. ......... 191, 336.912 84,195.95 ........ 21 575.53 .... 235,885.10 Amount expended during the m onth......... .................. 12, 570. 59 1,336.91 84,195.95........... 575. 53............. 248, 455.69 Balance unexpended at end of month............ ........... ..54,698.88 In Treasury United States..... .. 35,000.00 In hand.................... 19, 698.88 54,698. 88 Outstanding liabilities at end of month .......... ......... 8, 899.11 Amount covered by existing con- tracts at end of month.......... ............ ......... ................. .. ........... 32,804.17 S 41,703.28 " Baisete available.'at end of month,................... The above balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts, but is not available, as the following amounts are re- quired to continue operations now under way by use of United ............ ............. . ...... 2,995.60 States equipment to June 30, 1924. . .. .2,9 .60 The actual net amounts available for other work under approved subprojects are................... 10, 000. 00 16 Levees, mouth of Des Moines River to LaGrange, Mo., $14,400; replacement Ben Humphreys, $11,800; levees, Rock island to Neav Boston, Ill. (Drury drainage district, Illinois), $83,859.98; levees LaGrange to mouth of Missouri River, Mo. (Riverland levee district, Missouri), $85,455.64; levees, Prairie du Pont to Grand Tower, Ill., $11,300. 17Amount, $2,617.41, previously reported, transferred by reallotment to "Dredging and miscellaneous (surveys, gauges, and observations) by Mississippi River Commission, approved by Chief of Engineers Feb. 21, 1923 (ED 15927-802, sec. MRC. 2662-102). Advice Serial No. C-1685. 18Amount, $5,551.37, previously reported, decreased $4,975.84 by reallotment to "Dredging and miscel- laneous (surveys, gauges and observations) by Mississippi River Commission, approved by Chief of En- gineers Feb. 21, 1923 (ED 15927-802, sec. MRC. 2662-102). Advice Serial No. C-1685. 19Includes $2.13 retirement fund deductions for first quarter, and $27.37 for second quarter. 20Includes $16.09 retirement fund deductions for first quarter, and $49.01 for second quarter. 21 Includes $9.60 retirement fund deductions for first quarter, and $16.50 for second quarter. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1917 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriationsand allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 80, 1923-Continued. SECRETARY AND NORTHERN DISTRICT, MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION-Con. Funds contributed for flood control, Mississippi River (special fund). Levees. Muscatine to mouth of Mouth of Rock Island Iowa River, Iowa. Iowa River to New to Burling- Boston, Ill. ton Iowa, (Bay Island Muscatine- Louisa (Iowa drainage Louisa Count River-Flint and levee Island levee dts ds Creek district- leveedis- trictlevee levee''dis- No.1,111. ) trict, rict No. 15, trie 'No: 16, Iowa. owa.) towa." I. I Amount expended on present projects to end of last fiscal year ......................................... $22, 365. 72 $44 500.00 $11,900.58 $1, 060. 53 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year........... 12, 634.28 (26) 8, 099. 42 33, 939.47 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month....................... ............ 12,634.28 8, 099.42 13, 562. 03 Amount expended during the month ............... ..................... ...... -- 5,392.49 - --- 5-' 12,634.28.............8,099.42 18, 954.52 Balance unexpended at end of month........... .......... .......... .......... 0. 14,984.95 In Treasury United States .................. ......... .............. 7,500.00 In hand ..................................... ................... . ..... 7,484.95 ........... 14,984.95 Outstanding liabilities at end of month.............. .................... ............ 3,646.62 Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month. ............-........ .......... 11,338.33 ............................... 14,984.95 a2 Contributed by Bay Island drainage and levee district No. 1, Iowa, $50,000 (act Mar. 4, 1921) on Apr. 4 1921. (Sec. MRC 2790-29.) 2 Contributed by Muscatine-Louisa Island levee district Iowa, $15,000 (act June 12, 1917) on Mar. 16, 1918 (Sec. MRC 2461-21), and $16,000 (act July 1, 1918) on bec. 28, 1918 (Sec. MRC 2580-73), and $15,000 (act June 5, 1920) on Sept. 18, 1920 (Sec. MRC 2580-506). Unexpended balance $1,500, returned to con- tributors Nov. 3. 1922. (Sec. MRC 2580-718.) _s Contributed by Louisa County levee district No. 15, Iowa, $30,000 (act Mar. 4, 1921) on Apr. 7, 1921. u Contributed by Iowa River-Flint Creek levee district No. 16, Iowa, $37,00 (act Mar. 4 1921) on Apr. 19, 1921 (Sec. MRC 2805-78 and 87), and $2,500 (act July 19, 1919) on May 13, 1922. (Sec. MRC 2461-156.) " Amount, $1,500, previously reported returned to contributors Nov. 3, 1922. Certificate No. W-154391. (ED 15927-788, Sec. MRC 2580-718.) 1918 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Missis.sippi River Commission June O3, 1923--Continued. SECRETARY AND NORTHERN DISTRICT, MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION-Co. Funds contributed for flood control, Mississippi River (special fund). Levees. Warsaw to Quincy, Ill. Prairie du La Grange Pont to to mouth of Quincy to Grand Missouri Hamburg Tower, Ill. River, Mo. Bay Il. (Degognia Hunt Lima Lake (Kings (Sny island and Foun- drainage drainage Lake levee drain- tain Bluff district, district, drainage age district, levee and 111.27 Ill.28 district, Ill.)80. drainage Mo.).as district, (Ill.)31 Amount expended on present projects to end of last fiscal year................. 56, 576. 55 $28,517.84 $19,328. 96 $157, 870.87 5,650.00 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year ........... ............. ....... 82 3, 573.45 8332.16 671.04 42,129. 13 (4) Amount expended from beginning of pres- ent fiscal year to end of previous month.. 3,573. 45 32. 161 671.04 42,129. 13.... 7 Contributed by Hunt drainage district, Ill., $27,500 (act June 12, 1917) on Apr. 10 1918 $25 000 (act July 19, 1919) on Nov. 1, 1919 (Sec. MRC 2637-143), and $10,000 (act June 5, 1920) on dept. 44, 1920 (Sec. MRC 2637-294 and 296). Unexpended balance, $2,350, returned to contributors Dec. 19,1922. (Sec. MRC 2837-435.) 38 Contributed by Lima Lake drainage district, Ill., $30,000 (act July 1, 1918) on Jan. 10, 1919 (Sec. MRC 2680-16) and $5000 (act July 19, 1919) on Nov. 4 1919. (Sec. MRC 2680-85.) Unexpended balance, $6,450, 2 returned to contributors Nov. 2, 1922. (Sec. MRC 2680-250.) Contributed by Kings Lake drainage district, Mo., $20,000 (act July 19, 1919) on Mar. 9, 1920. (Sec. MRC 2760-13.) 0oContributed by Sny Island levee drainage district, Ill., $50,000 (act July 1, 1918) on Dec. 31, 1918 (Sec. MRC 2598-56), $50,000 (act July 19, 1919) on Nov. 4, 1919 (Sec. MRIC 2598-213), and $100,000 (act June 5, 1920) on Sept. 21, 1920. (Sec. MRC 2598-323.) 31 Contributed by Degognia and Fountain Bluff levee and drainage district, Ill., $12,500 (act June 5, 1920) on Sept. 3 1920 (Sec. MRC 2713-14), $6,850 returned to contributors. 8 Amount, $, 9 23 .45 , previously reported decreased $2,350, account return of unexpended balance to contributors after completion of work, by Treasury settlement No. W-156980, Dec. 19, 1922. (ED 15927-794, Sec. MRC 2637-435.) a$ Amount, $6,482.16, previously reported reduced $6,450, being amount returned to contributors Nov. 2, 1922. Certifecate No. W-154337. (ED 15927-789, Sec. MRC 2680-250.) 84Amount $6,850, previously reported has been returned to contributors by certificate of settlement No. W-148364, July 24, 1922 (ED 15927-765; Sec. MRC 2713-156), being unexpended balance after completion of levee work. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1919 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 80, 1988-Continued. SECRETARY AND NORTHERN DISTRICT, MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION-Con Funds contributed for flood control, Missis- sippi River (special fund). Levees. Appropria- Appropria- tion for tion for gaging Grand Ill. to Tower Gale, emergency waters of flood con- the Mis- Expended trol, Mis- sissippi East Callotments. Total. sissippi River and Clear East River. its tribu- Creek Girardeau and Clear taries. drainage Creek and levee drai district drainage Ill.s district, Ill. . . Amount expended on present projects to end of last fiscal year ............ Balance unexpended at end of last $22, 191. 29 $46, 696. 43 8787, 458. 75 $504, 117.52 8 $7, 888.76 17, 386.12 fiscal year...................... (89)...... 101,382. 52 . 40 111. 24 1, 335.76 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year ..... ............... .. .... ........ ...... .. ........... 9,100.00 ......... 101, 382. 52 303.57 ........... 111.24 10, 435. 76 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month... . ..........303.57 ........... 81, 005.08 111.24 419,090.27 Amount expended during the month. ................................ 5,392. 49 ...........1,332.99 .303.57 ............ 86,397.57 111.24 10,423.26 Balance unexpended at end of month. ........................... ......... 14,984.95 12.50 In Treasury United States........... ........... .................. 00 .......... .. 7,500. 12.50 In hand ....................... ........ ..... ............ -... 7,484.95........ ......... ............................. ........... 12.50 14,984.95 Outstanding liabilities at end of month.......................... ........ ... ..........3,646. 62 ........... 12. 50 Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month.............. .......... .............. 11,338. 33 ........ .... ................ . I 14,984.95 ......... 12.50 a Contributed by Clear Creek drainage and levee district, Ill. $11,500 (act July 1 1918) on Aug. 11, 1919 and $4,000 (act July 19, 1919) on Aug. 11 1919 (Sec. MRC 2685-28); $2,000 (act July 9,1919) on Dec. 6, 1919 (Sec. MRC 2685-89), and $6,000 draft (act June 5, 1920) on Sept. 27, 1920 (Sec. MRC 2685-161). UTnex- pended balance, $1,308.71, returned to contributors Jan. 2, 1923. (Sec. MRC 2685-226.) 36 Contributed by East Cape Girardeau and Clear Creek drainage district, Ill., $25,000 (act June 12 1917) on Feb. 4, 1918 (Sec. MRC 2461-21); $15 000 (act July 19 1919) on Oct. 11, 1919 (Sec. MRC 2564-165, and $11,500 (act June 5, 1920) on Sept. 25, 1920 (Sec. MRC 2564-194). 87Levees, mouth of Des Moines River to La Grange, Mo. (Gregory drainage district, Mo.), $7,200; levees Rock Island to New Boston, Ill. (Drury drainage district Ill.), $47,500; levees, La Grange to mouth of Missouri River, Mo. (Riverland levee district Mo.), $32,758.'5. as Expenditures to June 30 distributed as follows: Levees, Rock Island to New Boston, Ill. (Bay Island drainage and levee district No. 1, Ill.), $1,957.10; Mississippi River Commission, $6,042.90. a9Amount, $1308.71, previously reported returned to contributors. Settlement No. W-157355, Jan. 2, 1923. (ED 15927-792 Sec. MRC 2685-226.) 40 Amount $2,111.4 previously reported reduced $2,000 by revocation of allotment by the Chief of Engineers, )ec. 2, 1922. (ED 133894-307 Sec. MRC 2662-92.) Expenditures during year, $111.24, for levees, Rock Island to New Boston (Bay Island drainage and levee district No. 1, Ill.). 41 Includes $75 retirement-fund deductions reported for transfer for fiscal year 1923. Deductions for first quarter, $7.13; second quarter, $19.54; thiri nuarter, $52.59; fourth quarter. $3.32. Excess deduc- tios over amount reported, $7.58. 61637-ENG 1923----121 1920 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 30, 1923-Continued. SECRETARY AND NORTHERN DISTRIOT, MI SSIPSSlI RIVIR COMMISION-~on. Appropriation for flocod control, Mississippi Rivver. Dredging and mis- Levees. cellaneous Rock Island to New Boston, Ill. Mississippi Surveys, River gauges, and Subdistrict Bay Island Commis- observa- No. 1 of sion. tions. drainage drainage union and levee district district No. 1, Ill. No. 1, 111. I Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year........ $100, 000. 00 $85, 000. O( $36, 000. 001 $122, 000. 00 I I_------ Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month....... ............. 4245, 992.53 4826, 774.59 105.04 4432,607.00 Amount expended during the month................. 7, 499.10 45 9, 441.63 46121.27 4714,685.94 491.63 36,216.22 53, 226.31 47, 292. 94 Balance unexpended at end of month............ 46,508.37 48,783.78 35,773.69 74,707.06 In Treasury United States ................ ........ 45, 954.85 44, 998.02 26, 000.00 70, 000. 00 In hand............................................... 553.52 3,785.76 9,773.69 . 4,707.06 46, 508.37 48,783.78 35,773.69 74, 707.06 Outstanding liabilities at end of month................. 534.08 422.43 14.33 7,647.29 Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month.. 17.50............ 32, 039.34 36, 455.03 551. 58 422. 43 32,053.67 44,102.32 Balance available at end of month ............... 956.79 45, 48, 361. 35 3,720.02 30, 604.74 The above balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts, but is not available as the following amounts are required to continue opera- tions now under way by use of United States equip- ment to June 30, 1924..... ................. 45, 956.79 48, 361.35 ................. The actual net amounts, available for other work under approved subprojects, are ........................... 3,720.02 30, 604.74 _ 4Amount $46,225.57, previously reported decreased $233.04 by retirement fund adjustments for fourth quarter. Includes $1,000 transferred to retirement fund for fiscal year 1923, less $250.07 adjustments for first quarter $156.51 for second quarter, $141.44 for third quarter, and $233.04 for fourth quarter. Deduc- tions under'this allotment $44.90 for second quarter, $108.13 for third quarter, and $162.21 for fourth quarter. 48 Includes $216.95 retirement fund deductions for first quarter, $142.87 for second quarter, and $120.19 for third quarter. 44Includes $3.99 retirement fund deductions for second quarter, and $7.77 for third quarter. 45Includes $176.35 retirement fund deduction for fourth quarter: 46 Includes $5.10 retirement fund deduction for fourth quarter. 47 Includes $16.23 retirement fund deduction for fourth quarter. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1921 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 80, 1923-Continued. SECRETARY AND NORTHERN DISTRICT, MISISISPPI RIVER COMMISSION---Oon. Appropriation for floocd control, Mississippi River, Leves. Muscatine to mouth La Grange of Iowa to mouth of River, Mouth of Missouri Iowa. Iowa River, Mo. Quincy to (Louisa River to (Kings Hamburg Total County Burling- Lake Bay, Ill. levee ton, Iowa. drainage district district, No. 15, Mo.) Iowa.) Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year.................................... $70, 000.00 $140, 000.00 $75,000. 00 $150,000.00 $778, 000. 00 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month.,........... ......... .... 4819,649.32........... 49373.92 so9, 094.40 134, 596.80 Amount expended during the month...... . 444.90........... 52215.96 537,783.87i 40,192.67 20,094.22............ 589.88 16,878.27" 174,789.47 Balance unexpended at end of month........................... 49, 905.78 140,000. 00 74,410.12 133,121.73 603, 210.53 In Treasury United States................. 40,000.00 140, 000.00 65, 000. 00 120, 000.00 551, 952.87 In hand.................................. 9, 905.78........... 9, 410.12 13,121.73 51,257.66 49,905.78 140,000.00 74, 410.12. 133,121.73 603,210.53 Outstanding liabilities at end of mouth.... 5, 212. 49 1,372.16 20. 00 8,104.99 23, 327.77 Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month ..... ................ 35,510.87 133,140.82 62,393.46 98,379.68 397,936.70 40,723.36 134,512.,98 .62,413.46 106,484.467 421,264.47 Balance available at end of month... 9, 182.42 5, 487.02 11, 996. 66 26,637.06 181, 946.06 The above balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts, but is not available as the following amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equip- ment to June 30, 1924. .............. ................................................ 94,318.14 The actual net amounts, available for other work under approved subprojects, are.... 9,182.42 5, 487. 02 11,996.661 26,637.06 87, 627. 92 48Includes $33.12 retirement fund deductions for first quarter, and $3.08 for second quarter. 49Includes $3.82 retirement fund deductions for third quarter. 50 Includes $6.57 retirement fund deductions for second quarter, and $9.66 for third quarter. st Includes $7.78 retirement fund deduction for fourth quarter. 68 52Includes Includes $14.46 retirement fund deduction for fourth quarter. $13.12 retirementfund deduction for fourth quarter. 1922 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 80, 19238--Continued. SECRETARY AND NORTHERN DISTRICT, MISSISSIPPI RIVER COOMMISSION.-Con. Funds contributed for flood control, Mississippi River (special fund), acts of Apr. 21, 1922, June 30, 1922, and Mar. 2, 1923. Mouth Rock Island to New Boston, Ill. Muscatine of Iowa to La Grange Quincy to mouth River Burling- to mouth to of Iowa of Ham- Sub- River, ton, Missouri burg Bay district Island Iowa. River, Iowa. (Iowa Bay, 1l. No. 1 drainage (Louisa River- Mo. (Sny Total. of and County Flint (Kings Island drainage levee levee Creek Lake levee union district district levee drainage drainage district No. 1, No. 15,6 district district, district, No. 1, 111.55 Iowa.) No. 16.5 Mo.)58 Ill.) 18, 00. 00 Iowa.) 7 Balance unexpended al t end of last fiscal year... . $15,000.00 $10,000.00 $5,000.00 ........... $30,000.00 Amount appropriated ofr allotted this fiscal year. °.. $18,000.00 46, 000. 00 25,000.00 65, 000.00 $37, 500.00 $75, 000. 266, 500. 00 OC0 18,000.00 61, 000.00 35, 000.00 70,000.00 37,500.00 75, 000.00296, 500.00 Amount expended from- beginning of present fis- calyear to end of previ ous month......... 60.08 16,462.35 9, 891.94 ......... 223.49 4, 601.31 31, 239.17 Amount expended during the month............. 73. 12 7, 353.60 155.17........... 132.23 3,916.41 11, 630.53 133.20 23,815.95 10, 047.11........... 355.72 8,517.72 42,869.70 Balance unexpende( d at end of month. .. 17, 866.80 37,184.05 24, 952.89 70,000.00 37,144.28 66, 482.28 253, 630. 30 In Treasury United State: s. 5,000. 10,000.00 5,000.00 5,000.00 2,500. 5,000.00 32,500.00 In other depositories..... 608,000. 0061 25, 000. 006215000.0063 65, 000. 004 30,000.00 55, 000. 198, 00.00 In hand.... ....... 4,866.80 2,184.05 4 952.894....... 4,644.28 6,482.28 23,130.30 17, 866.80 37, 184.05] 24, 952.89 70,000.00 37,144.28 66, 482.28253, 630.30 Outstanding liabilities a end of month... . 7.17 3,823.64 2, 606.24 685.58 10.00 4,052.49 11,185.12 Amount covered by exist ing contracts at end of month................. .16, 019.66 18, 227.54 17, 755. 44 66, 785.04 31,196.74 49, 189.82199,174. 24 16, 026.83 22, 051.18 20, 361. 68 67, 470.62 31, 206.74 53, 242.31210, 359.36 Balance available a t end of month.... 1,839.97 15,132.87 4,591.21 2529.38 5,937.54 13,239.97 43,270.94 The actual net amounts i, available for other wor k under approved subproj l- ects, are............ 1,839.97 15,132.87 4, 591.21 2, 529.38 5, 937.54 13,239.97 43, 270.94 ' Contributed by subdistrict No. 1, of drainage union district No. 1, Ill., $18,000 (act June 30, 1922) on Oct. 12, 1922. (Sec. MRC 2719-27.) 6 Contributed by Bay Island drainage and levee district No. 1, Iowa, $15 000 (part of $50,000) on Apr. 4, 1921. (Sec. MRC 2790-29) and $46,000 on Aug. 5 1922. (Sec. MRC 2790-91.) 66Contributed by Louisa County levee district No. 15, Iowa, $10 000 (part of $30,000) on Apr. 7, 1921 (Sec. MRC 2824-17), and $25,000 (act Mar. 2 1923) on Apr. 5, 1923. (Sec. MRC 2824-112.) 67Contributed by Iowa River-Flint Creek levee district No. 16, Iowa, $5,000 (part of $37,500, act Mar. 4, 1921) on Apr. 19, 1921. (Sec. MRC 2805-78 and 87.) Transferred from appropriation for funds con- tributed for flood control, Mississippi River (special fund), and $65,000 (act Mar. 2, 1923) on Apr. 5, 1923. (Sec. MRC 2805-219.) 66 Contributed by Kings Lake drainage district, Mo., $37,500 (act June 30, 1922) on Oct. 13, 1922. (Sec MRC 2760-172.) 69Contributed by Sny Island levee drainage district, Ill., $75,000 (act June 30, 1922), Sept. 26, 1922. (Sec. MRC 2598-467.) 60 On deposit $8,000 (act June 30, 1922), to credit of president, Mississippi River Commission, with Amer- ican Savings Bank, Muscatine, Iowa. 61On deposit $25,000 (act June 30, 1922), to credit of president, Mississippi River Commission, with First National Bank, Burlington, Iowa. 62On deposit $15 000 (act Mar. 2, 1923), to credit of president, Mississippi River Commission, with Iowa State Savings Bank Burlington, Iowa. 68 On deposit $65 00, $5,000 (act June 30, 1922, and $60,000 act Mar. 2, 1923), to credit of president, Mis- sissippi River Commission, with Merchants National Bank, Burlington, Iowa. 4 On deposit $30,000 (act June 30, 1922), to credit of president, Mississippi River Commission, with Liberty Central Trust Co., St. Louis Mo. 6 On deposit $55,000 (act June 30 1922), to credit of president, Mississippi River Commission, with New Canton State Bank, New Canton, ll. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1923 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 30, 1923- Oontinued. SECRETARY AND NORTHERN DISTRICT, MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION--Con. Appropriation for repairing and restoring levees on the Mississippi River above Cairo, Ill. Increase Increase of com- of comrn- Levees. pensation, pensation, rivers and War De- harbors, partment, Mouth 1922. 1923. Amount Mouth of of Des not yet Iowa Moines covered River to River by contri- Burling- to La butions, ton, Iowa. Grange, Mo. Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year............................. ...... $9,991.69... ..................... Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year...... 8.31 ..... (66) 7 $9,930.06 $3,000.00 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year... 751.69 68$8, 400.03 ... ................... 760.00 8, 400.03......... 9, 930.06 3, 000.00 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month............... 760.00 7, 086. 69......... 69 9, 930.06 703,000.00 Amount expended during the month ........ 1,313.34..................... 760.00 8,400.03......... 9,930.06 3,000.00 6 Amount, $15,550, previously reported. Unexpended balance reverted to U. S. Treasury for transfer to surplus fund on June 30, 1923. Deposited to credit of Treasurer United States, May 29, 1923, C. D. No. 8871. 67 Amount, $11,000, previously reported decreased $1,069.94. Unexpended balance reverted to U. S. Treasury for transfer to surplus fund on June 30, 1923. Deposited to credit of Treasurer United States, May 29, 1923, C. D. No. 8871. 68Amount, $7,500, previously reported. Increased $925, amount received on war warrant No. 24341, dated June 23, 1923. Decreased $24.97, anrount deposited account unexpended balance June 30, 1923, C. D. No. 8950. 68 Includes $2.20 retirement fund deductions for first quarter, $10.84 for second quarter, $5 for third quarter. 70Includes $1.69 retirement fund deductions for first quarter. 1924 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission on June 30, 1923-Continued. SECRETARY AND NORTHERN DISTRICT, MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION-Con. Appropriation for repairing and restoring levees on the Mississippi River above Cairo, Ill. Levees. St. Louis to Cape Girardeau, Mo. Ste. Levee Levee Levee Prairie du Genevieve district district district Pontto levee No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, andll GTower, district Perry Perry Perry No. 1, County, County, County, Mo. Mo. Mo. Mo. Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year.. 71 $6, 860.28 $3, 400.00 7 $11,557.51 73$12, 187.44 74$S, 726. 41 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month......... 756, 860.28 763,400.00 77 11, 487.11 7812,187.44 796, 726.41 Balance unexpended at end of month.... ................... I 70.40.... In Treasury United States................................ .... . 70.40.................. Outstanding liabilities at end of month........... .... ....... ::: 70.40................. so80 71Amount, $7,000, previously reported decreased $139.72. Unexpended balance reverted to U. S. Treasury for transfer to surplus fund on June 30, 1923. Deposited to credit of Treasurer United States, May 29, 1923, C. D. No. 8871. 72Amount, $12,200, previously reported decreased $642.49. Unexpended balance reverted to U. S. Treasury for transfer to surplus fund on June 30, 1923. Deposited, to credit of Treasurer United States, May 29, 1923, C. D. No. 8871. 78Amount, $16,050, previously reported decreased $3,862.56. Unexpended balance reverted to U. S. Treasury for transfer to surplus fund on June 30, 1923. Deposited to credit of Treasurer United States, May 29, 1923, C. D. No. 8871. 74 Amount, $8,000, previously reported decreased $1,273.59. Unexpended balance reverted to U. S. Treasury for transfer to surplus fund on June 30, 1923. Deposited to credit of Treasurer United States, May 29 1923, C. D. No. 8871. 75Includes $2.58 retirement fund deductions for second quarter, and $8.32 for third quarter. 76 Includes $9.12 retirement fund deductions for first quarter, $0.26 for second quarter, and $1.43 for third quarter. 77Amount, $11,533.78, previously reported decreased $46.67 by adjustments of retirement fund deductions. Includes $50 reported for transfer to retirement fund. Deductions under this allotment for first quarter, $4. 10; for second quarter, $2.37; for third quarter, $3.17; and adjustments from other allotments $31.41, $32.68, and $46.67. 78 Includes $4.95 retirement fund deductions for first quarter, $4.52 for second quarter, $8 for third quarter. 79Includes $3.82 retirement fund deductions for first quarter, $3.48 for second quarter, $4.87 for third quarter. so Held for deposit to credit of retirement fund. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1925 Con solidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission on June 30, 1923-Continued. SECRETARY AND NORTHERN DISTRICT, MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION-Con. Appropriation for repairing and restoring levees on the Mississippi River above Cairo, Ill. Levees. Grand Tower to Gale, Ill. East Cape Preston Clear Creek Girardeau Total. levee and drainage and Clear drainage and levee Creek district, district. drainage Ill. Ill. district, Ill. Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year..... 81$7, 524.02 82$2, 023.04 88 $8, 783. 81 84$71, 992. 57 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month..... ............ 85 7, 524.02 862,023.04 a78, 783.81 71,922.17 Balance unexpended at end of month.......... ......................... -............ 70.40 70.40 In Treasury United States .............................. ..... ..... ............ ........... 70.40 Outstanding liabilities at end of month ................ 70.40 81 Amount, $12,000, previously reported decreased $4,475.98. Unexpended balance reverted to U. S. Treasury for transfer to surplus fund on June 30, 1923. Deposited to credit of Treasurer United States, May 20, 1923, C. D. No. 8871. 82 Amount, $2,800, previously reported decreased $776.96. Unexpended balance reverted to U. S. Treasury for transfer to surplus fund on June 30, 1923. Deposited to credit of Treasurer United States, May 29, 1923, C. D. No. 8871. 88Amount, $9,000, previously reported decreased $216.19. Unexpended balance reverted to U. S. Treasury for transfer to surplus fund on June 30, 1923. Deposited to credit of Treasurer United States, May 29, 1923, C. D. No. 8871. 8 Amount, $100,000, previously reported decreased $28,007.43. Unexpended balance reverted to U. S. Treasury for transfer to surplus fund on June 30, 1923. Deposited to credit of Treasurer United States, May 29, 1923, C. D. No. 8871. 8s Includes $5.39 retirement fund deductions for first quarter, $7.76 for second quarter, $12.80 for third quarter. 86 Includes $5.41 retirement fund deductions for third quarter. 87Includes $4.24 retirement fund deductions for first quarter, $3.24 for second quarter, and $0.84 for third quarter. 1926 REPORT OF CHIEF OF, ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Consolidatedstatement of condition of appropriationsand allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 30, 1923---Oontinued. SECRETARY AND NORTHERN DISTRICT, MISSISSIPPI RIVjER COMMISSION-Con. Funds contributed for repairing and restoring levees on the Mississippi River above Cairo, Ill. Mouth of St. Louis to Cape Girardeau, Mo. Prairie Iowa Mouth du Pont River to of Des to Grand Burling- Moines Tower, Ill. ton Iowa. River Ste. (Degognia (Iowa to La Gene- Levee Levee Levee and River- Grange, vieve district district district Fountain Flint Mo. levee No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, Bluff Creek (Gregory Perry district County, Perry Perry levee levee drainage County, County, and district district, ye o1, Mo.9 No. Mo. Mo.9 drainage No. 16,8 Mo.)89 district, Iowa.)a Il1.)94 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year.... $500. 00i$1,500.00........ $1,500.00 $4,000.00 $3,00000.... Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year............ 95 4, 500. 46.........3, 500.00 200. 00 1, 800. 00973,125. 008 $3,400. 00 5, 000.46 1,500.00 3,500.00 1,700.00 5, 800.00 6,125.00 3, 400.00 Amount expended from begin- ning of present fiscal year to end of previous month........ 5, 000. 46 1, 500. 001 3, 500. 00 1,700. 0( 5, 800.00 6,125.00 3, 400. 00 8s Contributed by Iowa River-Flint Creek Levee district No. 16, Iowa, $500 June 28, 1922 (Sec. MRC 2907-132), and $5,000 July 8, 1922 (Sec. MRC 2907-180). Returned to contributors, $499.54 Feb. 21, 1923 (Sec. MRC 2907-721). 89Contributed by Gregory drainage district, Mo., $1,500 June 29, 1922 (Sec. MRC 2907-133). 90 Contributed by Ste. Genevieve Levee district No. 1, Mo., $2,500 Sept. 13, 1922 (Sec. MRC 2907-339), and $1,000 Nov. 24, 1922 (SeC. MRC 2907-517). oi Contributed by Levee district No. 1, Perry County, Mo., $1,500 June 13, 1922 (Sec. MRC 2907-39), and $200 Nov. 18, 1922 (Sec. MRC 2907-515). 92Contributed by levee district No. 2 Perry County, Mo., $4,000 June 16 1922 (Sec. MRC 2907-69), $1,500 Nov. 27, 1922 (Sec. MRC 2907-516), and $600 Jan. 5, 1923 (Sec. MRC 29 07-5 84 ). $300 returned to contribu- tors Apr. 6, 1923 (Sec. MRC 2907-723). 98 Contributed by levee district No. 3, Perry County, Mo., $3,000 June 16, 1922 (Sec. MRC 2907-69), and $5,025 Sept. 29, 1922 (Sec. MRC 2907-386). $1,900 returned to contributors Apr. 6, 1923 (Sec. MRC 2907-724). 94Contributed by Degognia and Fountain Bluff Levee and drainage district, Ill., $4,000 July 17, 1922 (Sec. MRC 2907-214). $600 returned to contributors Apr. 6, 1923 (Sec. MRC 2907-725). 95 Amount, $5,000, previously reported decreased $499.54, returned to contributors by Treasury Settlement No. W-159736, Feb. 21, 1923 (ED 3103-13, Sec. MRC 2907-721). asAmount, $2,100, previously reported decreased $300, returned to contributors by Treasury Settlement No.97 161756, Apr. 6, 1923 (ED 3103-18, Sec. MRC 2907-723). Amount, $5,025, previously reported decreased $1,900, returned to contributors by Treasury Settlement No. W-161755, Apr. 6, 1923 (ED 3103-17 Sec. MRC 2907-724). Amount, $4,000, previously reported decreased $600, returned to contributors by Treasury Settlement s98 No. W-161754, Apr, 6, 1923 (ED 3103-15, Sec. MRC 2907-725). MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1927 ConsoUdated statement of condition of appropriations and allotnents under Mississippi River Commission June 80. 1928---Continued. SECRETARY AND NORTHERN DISTRICT, MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION-Con. Funds contributed for repairing and re- storing levees on the Mississippi River above Cairo, Ill. Grand Tower to Gale, Ill. Expended Grand appropria- total. Clear East Cape tions. ee Preston Creek Girardeau Total. and drainage and Clear and and Creek drainage levee drainage 1t, district, district, Ill. Ill.3 Amount expended on previous projects...........................................93,358.11$1,093,358.11 Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year. ........... .. ................. 54,672,601.34 7,253,980.86 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year ................ 400.00 $14,900.00 .............. 522,844.97 $.......4, Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year............... 7$3,800.00 8$1,025.00......... 21, 350.46............ 1,084,142.18 3,800.00 1,025.00 4,400.00 36,250.46.............. 1,606,987.15 1 Contributed by Preston Levee and drainage district, Ill., $6,000, July 24,1922 (Sec. MRC 2907-233). $2,200 returned to contributors Apr. 25, 1923 (Sec. MRC 2907-727). z Contributed by Clear Creek drainage and levee district, Ill., $1,400, Nov. 11. 1922 (Sec. MRC 2907-468). 375 returned to contributors Apr. 4, 1923 (Sec. MRC 2907-722). 8 Transferred from funds contributed for flood control, Mississippi River (special fund), by East Cape Girardeau and Clear Creek drainage district, Ill., on Sept. 25, 1920 (Sec. MRC 2564-194), $4,500, part of $11,500. ($100 returned to contributors Apr. 7, 1923, Sec. MRC 2907-726.) 4 Appropriation for improving Mississippi River: Mississippi River Commission, $238,110.74; surveys, gauges, 6 and observations, $855,247.37. Improving Mississippi River, $3,850,837.46 (Mississippi River Commission, $860,361.17; surveys, gauges, and observations. $1,780,112.62; spillway surveys, $15,000; examination from Cape Girardeau, Mo., to Rock Island. Ill., $10,000; levees, Rock Island to New Boston, Ill., $17,146.28; levees, Muscatine to Port Louisa, Iowa, $99.91; levees, Oquawka to Dallas, Ill., $1,100: levees, Head of Chouteau Island to Prairie du Pont, Ill., $73,900; levees, Grand Tower to near Thebes, Ill., $10,000; levees, Grand Tower to Gale, near Thebes, Ill., $20,000; levees, Muscatine to mouth of Iowa River, Iowa (Muscatine-Louisa Island Levee District, Iowa), $35,500; levees, La Grange to mouth of Missouri River, Mo., $58,253.81; levees, Quincy to Hamburg Bay, Ill., $130,000; Warsaw to Quincy, Ill., $55.600; experimental dikes, $45,075.58; patrol of the Mississippi River, $1,055.56; works above Cairo (protection near Cairo includes only work under act of July 5, 1884, $50,000: Des Moines Rapids to Ohio River, $687,632.53, $737,632.53). Waterway from Lockport, ll., to St. Louis, Mo., $21,197.83 (actual expenditure, $22,291.23, less $1,093.40 reimbursement from allotment for " Sur- vey of Illinois and Des Plaines River, Ill.; unexpended balance $3,802.17, of this appropriation carried to surplus fund June 30, 1909, under provisions of section 10 of sundry civil act of Mar. 4,1909--ED 46863-142 Sec. MRC 1124-9); claims for damages by collision, river and harbor works, $486.14: maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works, act of Oct. 2, 1914, $388,362.72 (Mississippi River Com- mission, $29,991.18; surveys, gauges, and observations, $59,936.16; dredges and dredging $298,435.38); maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works, act of Mar. 4, 1915, $360,148.32, Mis- sissippi River Commission, $39,760.11; surveys, gauges, and observations, $43,161.53; dredges and dredging, $307,226.68); increase of compensation, rivers and harbors, 1918, $5,$15.83; 1919, $2,620.02; 1920, $6,609,67; 1921, $6,523.35. 6 Amount, $4,500, previously reported decreased $100, returned to contributors by Treasury Settlement No. 161866, A pr. 7, 1923 (ED 3103-16, Sec. MRC 2907-726). 7 Amount, $6,000 previously reported decreased $2,200, returned to contributors by Treasury Settlement No. W-162565, Apr. 25, 1923 (ED 3103-19, Sec. MRC 2907-727). 8 Amount, $1,400, previously reported decreased $375, returned to contributors by Treasury Settlement No. W-161604, Apr. 4, 1923 (ED 3103-14, Sec. MRC 2907-722). 1928 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Consolidated statement of condition of appropriattonsand allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 30, 1923-Continued. SECRETARY AND NORTHERN DISTRICT, MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION-Con. Funds contributed for repairing and re- storing levees on the Mississippi River above Cairo, Ill. Grand Tower to Gale, Ill. Expended Grand appropria- total East Cape tions. Preston Clear levee Creek Girardeau Total. and drainage and Clear drainage and Creek dlstrict levee drainage Illc district, district, Ill. Ill. Amount expended from begin- ning of present fiscal year to end of previous month ....... Amount expended during the $3,800.00 $1, 025.00 $4, 400. 00 $36, 250. 46 .............. $607, 946. 98 month...................... ...... . ....... ... ............ 72,432.61 3, 800. 00 1,025. 00 4, 400.00 36,250.46 ............... 680,379.59 Balance unexpended at end of month....................... ....... ........ 926,607.56 In Treasury United States....... 627,035.77 In other depositories ........ 198,000.00 In hand...................... ... ....... ... ... .......... . 101,571.79 926,607. 56 Outstanding liabilities at end of month........ ..... .............................. 47,141.52 Amount covered by existing con- tracts at end of month......... . ........ . ... .... 641,253.44 .. :...................... - 688,394.96 Balance available at end of month ........ .............. ....... ........... 238, 212. 60 The above balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts, but is not avail- able as the following amounts are required to continue opera- tions now under way by use of United States equipment to June 30, 1924.............. 97,313.74 The actual net amounts available for other work under approved subprojects are................ 140,898.86 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1929 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 30, 1923-Continued. FIRST AND SECOND DISTRICTS. 'Appropriations: Mississippi River; flood control. Mississippi River and Sacramento River, Calif.; flood control, Mississippi River; funds contributed for flood control, Mississippi River; emergency flood con- trol, Mississippi River; maintonance and imnrovement of existing river and harbor works; increase of compensation, rivers and harbors, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921 and 1922; increase of compensation,War Depart- ment, 1923; funds contributed for improvement of .ississippi River; repairing Government levee at Walnut Bend Ark.; emergencies in river and harbor works; examinations, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors; rebuilding levees of the Mississippi River and tributaries damaged by floods; maintaining and protecting leveas of Mississippi River and tributaries against floods; for claims for dam- ages by collision, river and harbor works; molifications and readjustments of contracts, river and harbor improvements; deficiency act of Mar. 1, 1921.1 Appropriation for flobd control, Mississippi River. Revet- Reelfoot Unper St. Lower St. White ment, Porter levee Francis Francis River Ohio, Lake, district. levee levee levee below Ark. district. district. district. Cache River. Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year.... .................... Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year ............. ........ ..... $51,500. 00i$300, 091.20 $750, 182. 00 $393,500. 001 $20, 000.00 $53, 633.06 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month............ ...... .. 11,924.05 152,260.37 370,954.22 233,497.24 20,000.00 3,633.06 Amount expended during the month.. 179. 52 11, 096.07 4 12, 896.97 5 10,950.31......... 1,182.00 12,103.-57 44 383, 851. 19 244, 447. 55 20,000.00 163,356. 4,815. 06 Balance unexpended at end of month ........................ 39,396.43 136,734.76 366,330.81 149,052.45 ......... 48, 818.00 In Treasury United States............ 29,000.00 99,818.93 310,812. 40 99, 385.46......... 40,000.00 In hand............................ 10, 396.43 36, 915. 83 55,518. 41 49,666. 99... 8,818.00 39,396.43 136,734.76 366,330.81149,052.45.......... 48,818.00 Outstanding liabilities at end of month. 200. 00 7, 500. 00 20,000.00 6, 000.00 ........ 7,500.00 Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month ....................... 35,600.00 64,700.00 217,300.00 95,000.00 ....... ......... 35,800.00 72, 200.00237, 300.00101, ......... 000.00 00 7,500. Balance available at end of month 3, 596. 43 64, 534. 76 129, 030. 81 1 48, 052. 45 ..........41,318.00 The above balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts but is not available as the following amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equipment.... 3, 596. 43 64, 534. 76 129, 030.811 48,052.45.......... 41, 318. 00 1Amount, $370,773.65 previously reported decreased $1.43, account of refundments of overpayments on vouchers in August and September, 1922. s Includes $4.33retirement fund adjustments for fourth quarter. 4Includes $90.59 retirement fund adjustments for fourth quarter. Includes $175.89 retirement fund adjustments for fourth quarter. 6 Includes $67.18 retirement fund adjustments for fourth quarter. 1930 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 80, 1928--Continued. FIRST AND SECOND DISTRICTS-Continued. Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River. Old Avenue, General Town, Ark. repairs, and Plant. Newplant. Hickman, Ark. stone. Ky. 1-1 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year.. ................ Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year................. $70,000.00 $290,000. 0( $256, 366.94 $203,408. 24 $432, 000. 00 $171, 301. 21 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of pre- vious month..... ... . .... 65, 716. 99 122,918.75 6 128, 479. 64 7128,471.14 8 31,713. 31 28,588. 91 Amount expended duringthemonth. .......... 9 16,228. 32 109,316. 1711 17, 980. 43 1913, 372.23 288. 3213 18, 65,716. 99 139, 147. 0714 137, 795. 81 146, 451. 57 45, 001. 63 46, 961. 14 Balance unexpended at end of month ................... 4,283.01 150,852.93 118,571.13 56,956.67 386,998.37 124,340.'07 In Treasury United States.......... 945.35 140,792.61 86,408.46 17,901.79 347,474.79 81,301.21 In hand........................... 3, 337. 66 10, 060. 32 32, 162.67 39,054. 88 39, 523.58 43, 038. 86 4,283.01 150, 852.93 118,571. 13 56, 956.67 386, 998. 37 124,340.07 Outstanding liabilities at end of month......... ........... 283.01 56, 200.00 26,500.0010, 000.00 13, 000.00 17, 600.00 '4, Amount covered by existing con- tracts at end of month............ ....---.................-- ........... 58,000.00 ......... ........ 4, 283. 01 56, 200.00 26, 500.00 10, 000. 00 71, 000. 00 17, 600. 00 Balance available at end of month................ .......... 94, 652. 93 92, 071. 13 46, 956.67 315, 998. 37 106, 740. 07 The above balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts but is not available as the following amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equip- ment.................... .......... 1 94, 652. 9 92, 071. 13 46, 956. 67 315, 998. 37 106, 740.07 6 Amount, $123,795.75, previously reported decreased $877 for reasons as follows: Reimbursement by St. Louis engineer district for value of coal furnished, $876; refundment of overpayment, voucher 33, September, 1922, $1.. 7 Amount, $129,516.61, previously reported decreased $1,045.50, account reimbursement by St. Louis engineer district for value of coal furnished. 8 Includes Treasury settlement amounting to $181.30. 9 Includes $13.86 retirement fund adjustments for fourth quarter. 10 Includes $35.43 retirement fund adjustments for fourth quarter. II Includes $374.21 retirement fund adjustments for fourth quarter. 12 Expenditure reduced $959.92 as a credit resulting from retirement act charges to other allotments as above dot iled. 13Include $115.77 retirement fund adjustments for fourth quarter. 14Expenlitures for fiscal year distributed as follows: Plant $3,468.08; Trotters, Miss., $9,479.08; Nor- folk, Miss., $10,995.28; Bauxippi, Ark., $1,417.31:Hopefield, Ark., 12,001.80; Delta, Miss., $5,680.69; Porter Lake, Ark., $82.71; Walnut Bend, Ark., $31,219.78; Old Town, Ark., $5,519.99; Revetment Ohio below Cache River, $7,537.67; Friar Point, Miss., $14,171.01; Hickman, Ky., $3,731.40; Avenue, Ark., $1,679.15 protection of Memphis Municipal Terminal, $1,974.92; stone (undistributed), $19,800.85. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1931 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 30, 1928--Continued. FIRST AND SECOND DISTRICTS-Continued. Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River. 1 I 1 I- Protec- tion of Mem- Walnut Knowl- Norfolk, Sun- phis Bend, ton, N o flower, Total. Municipal Ark. Ark. Miss. Miss. Terminal. Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year ....................... Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year ... ................. $20, 000.00 $50, 000.00 $150,000.00 $50, 000. 00850.000.00 $3, 311,982. 65 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month.. . ...................... ........................... ,....... 1,307,962.38 Amount expended during the month... 159,804.70 3, 390.96 ... 1, 226. 8016 4, 260. 13........ 1,560. 96 121, 929. 19 13, 195.66 1,226. 80 4, 260. 13 ......... 1, 429, 891. 57 1,560.96 Balance unexpended at end of month ..................... 773.20 145,739.87 50,000.00 48, 439.04 1,882,091.08 6, 804.34 48, In Treasury United States......... 500.00 30, 000. 00110, 000.00 25, 000.00 40,000.00 1,459,341.00 In hand ............................... 6, 304.34 18, 773. 20 35, 739. 87 25, 000.00 8, 439. 04 422,750. 08 6,804.34 48, 773. 20145, 739.87 50, 000.00 48,439.04 1,882,091.08 Outstanding liabilities at end of month. 500.00 7, 500.00 22, 000.00 16, 200.00 8, 000.00 222, 983. 01 Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month..... ........... ........-...... -. ..... ... .470,600.00 -......... 500.00 7, 500.00 22,000.00 16,200.00 8, 000.00 693, 583.01 Balance available at end of month 6, 304. 34 41,273. 201123, 739.871 33, 800.001 40,439. 04 1,188, 508.07 The above balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts but is not available as the following amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equipment... 6, 304.34 41, 273. 20 123, 739. 87133, 800.001 40, 439.04 1,188, 508. 07 15Includes $36.66 retirement fund adjustments for fourth quarter. 16Includes $16 retirement fund adjustments for fourth quarter. 1932 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 30, 1923-Continued. FIRST 'AND SECND DISTRICTS-Contnued. Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River, and Sacramento River, Calif., allotment for- Reelfoot Uper St. Lower St. White Reelfoot ancis Francis River Golden levee ilevee levee levee Lake, district. district. district. district. Ark. Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year............ ............. $100, 123. 53 $642, 933. 95 $2, 179, 208. 011$739, 057. 80 $92, 262. 15 r Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year.. 19, 458. 93 36, 872.80 1,404.78 942.20 5, 959. 71 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month ......... 19, 458. 93 36, 872. 80 1,404. 78 942.20 915.17 Balance unexpended at end of month.... ......... .... . . . ...... ......... 5,044.54 In Treasury United States ................... ..................... ......... 659.16 In hand....................................... ........ ... ......... 4,385. 38 Balance available at end of month....... .... .. 5......5,044.454 The above balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contraets, but: is not available as the following amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equipment..... . . ....... .. .......... .......... 5,044.54 Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River, and Sacramento River, Calif., allotment for- General repairs, Expended and 157,plant. New 829.71 Total. $4,007,allotments. stone. Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year....... ......................... $1,157,829.7147 $4,007,381.04 $8, 918,796.19 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year......... $5, 250.38 140,848. 87............... 210, 737.67 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month ............. 5, 250.38 102,975.05 ... 167,819. 31 Amount expepded during th muth............... ........ 4,11.04 ....... 4,611,04 18 5, 250.38 107, 586.091............... 172, 430.35 Balance unexpended at end of month. ....... 33, 262.78!.............. 38, 307.32 In Treasury United States................... 29,794.97 .............. 30,454.13 In hand...... ................................ 3,467.81.............. 7,853.19 33,262. 78................ 38,307.32 Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month................................. 33, 262.78.............. 33,262.78 Balance available at end of month............. ........... _ ............... 5,044.54 The above balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts, but is not available as the following amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equipment. ........ ....................... 5,044.54 17Surveys, $5,000; Watsons Point, Ky. (dike at Slough Landing Neck), $55.88; Hopefield Bend, Ark., $1,027.89; Hopefield, Ark., $69,769.39; Star Landing, Miss., $2,537.03; Delta, Miss., $821.17; Stone, $62,383.04; Gayoso Bend, Mo., $50,000; Osceola, Ark., $107,000; below Cache River, $61342.36; Walnut Bend, Ark., $42 361.09; Barfield, Ark., $303,673.16; Bauxippi, Ark., $54,402.80; Sunflower, Miss., $110,168.76; Wyanoke, Arl., $41,365; Norfolk, Miss., $117,994.75; Porter Lake, Ark., $751,685.82; Trotters Point, Miss., $390,320.98; Old Town, Ark., $323,782.53; Avenue, Ark., $310,164.04; experimental concrete revetment, $25,000; plant, $436,619.10; Memphis Harbor and Hopefield Point, $80,000; Memphis Harbor, $660,506.25. 18Expenditures during fiscal year distributed as follows: Plant, $132.30; Trotters Miss., $360.23; Norfolk, Miss., $418.98; Bauxippi, Ark., $54.08; Hopefield, Ark., $457.31; Delta, Miss., $21d.32; Porter Lake Ark., $3.15; Walnut Bend, Ark., $1,190.79; Old Town, Ark., $210.54; revetment, Ohio, below Cach River, $287.20; Friar Point, Miss., $539.74; Hickman, Ky., $142:28; Avenue, Ark., $406.90; protection of Memphis Municipal Terminal, $75.08; stone (undistributed), $755.48. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1933 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 80, 1923--Continued. FIRST :AND SECOND DISTRICTS--Continued. Funds contributed for flood control, Mississippi River (special fund). Reelfoot Upper St. Lower St. White levee Francis Francis River Total. district. levee levee levee district. district. district. i i Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year..... .............. $45, 041.79 $329, 535.19 $1,103,001.69 $364, 982. 66$1, 842, 561.33 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year 4, 958.21 51, 464.81 15, 278.09 8,350.34 80, 051.45 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year .............................. 1929, 690. 71 72, 045.60 347,983.91 21182, 231.48 631, 951.70 34, 648 92 123,510. 41, 363, 262.00 190,581.82712, 003.15 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month...... 15, 814. 44 95, 551. 83 21174, 063.67 116, 037.14 401,467.08 Amount expended during the month....... 52 149.34 2 5,639.24 246, 628.25 255,323. 89 17, 740.72 15, 963. 78101, 191.07 .180,691.92 121, 361.03 414, 207. 80 Balance unexpended at end of fonth. 18,-685.14 22,319.34 182,570.081 69,220. 79 292, 795.35 In Treasury United States..... ...... ........... 2, 037.61 2, 609. 60 12, 730.92 17, 378. 13 In other depositaries................. 18,767.00.......... 157, 892.91 40, 000. 00 216,659.91 In hand................................... -81.86 20,281.73 22,067.57 16,489.87 58, 757.31 18, 685.14 22, 319.34 182,570081 69, 220.79 795.35 292, Outstanding liabilities at end of month.... 100.00 .. 10, 000.00 3, 000.00 13,100.00 Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month ........................... 17, 800.00 22,319.34 108,700.00 47, 500.00 196,319.34 17,900.00 22,319.34 118,700.00 50,500.00 209, 419.34 Balance available at end of month.... 785.14 ........... 64, 870.0 18, 720.79 The above balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contract, but is not available as the following amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equipment... 785.14 63,870.0 18, 720. 79 83, 376.01 19 Amount $10 923.71, previously reported increased $18,767, being contribution of Reelfoot levee district of Lake and Obion Counties, Tenn., under terms of flood control act of Mar. 1, 1917. 20 Amount $133,064.81, previously reported increased $49,166.67, being contributions under terms of flood control act of Mar. 1, 1917, as follows: Laconia levee district (No. 1), $9,166.67; Laconia levee and drainage district (No. 2), $40,000. s1 Amopnt previously reported decreased 67 cents, account refundment of overpayment on voucher 44, September, 1922. 22Includes $2.17, retirement fund adjustments, fourth quarter. 23 Includes $45.32, retirement fund adjustments, fourth quarter. 24Includes $88.74, retirement fund adjustments, fourth quarter. a Expenditures reduced $136.23 as a credit esulting from retirement act charges to other allotments as above detailed. 1984 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Misssisippi River Commission June 80, 1923--Continued. FIRST AND SECOND DISTRICTS-Continued. Funds con- tributed Appro- for im- Funds priation prove- con- Increase Increase ment, tributed for of com- of com- Missis- for emer- pensa- pensa- sippi revet- gency tion, tion, River ment, flood rivers War in the Ohio control, and Depart- Yazoo- below Missis- harbors, ment, Missis- Cache sippi 1922. 1923. sippi River, River Delta levees. special levee fund. district, special fund. I-- r -- I ----- Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year............................ $39, 809. 95 $35, 221.22 $293, 813.88 .......... Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year....... 9,828.87 -- 221.22......... 56,186.12 ... Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year.... . 2,397. 10$26,012. 375,000.00 $20,000.00 9,828.87 2,175.88 26,012.00 431,186.12 20,000.00 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month ............... . 9,828.87 2,175.88 21,903.10 354,958.26 19,991.18 Amount expended during the month ............ ... 2,452.16 23,121.37 ......... 9,828. 87 2, 175.88 24, 355. 26 378, 079. 63 19, 991.18 Balance unexpended at end of month......... ................... 1,656.74 53,106.49 8.82 In Treasury United States ......................... . .. .......... 26,134.08.. In hand ........................................... ... 1,656.74 26,972.41 8.82 . 1,656.74 53,106.49 8.82 Outstanding liabilities at end of month............. 8.82 1, 65.741 53,106.491 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. . 1935 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 80,' 1923-Continued. FIRST AND SECOND DISTRICTS-Continued. Funds con- tributed for im- Expended Expended Grand provement tributed appropra- total. Mississippi funds. tions. River at Hickman, Ky. Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscalyear ................... ....... 2 $1,148061 27$27,190,291.30 $39,468,560.48 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year. .............. . 356,582. 89 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year.................................. $20,500.00 ......... 04..................... 4,387,843.45 20, 500.00 ............... .............. 4,744,426.34 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month........ 14,588.22 ............................ ....... 2, 300, 694.28 Amount expended during the month......... 815.89........... ............... 170, 670. 37 15, 404.11................ ....... ....... 2, 471, 364. 65 Balance unexpended at end of month.. 5, 095.89........... ............... 2,273, 061.69 In Treasury United States ................ 500.00. 1,533, 807.34 In other depositaries .... .............. 216, 659.91 In hand....... ............................ 4,595.89........... ............... .. 522,594.44 5,095.89...... .. . .......... 2,273,061.69 Outstanding liabilities at end of month...... 5,095.89............................. 295,950.95 Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month................................. 700,182.12 5,095.89 ................ ...... .... 996,133.07 Balance available at end of month............. ............. .............. 1,276,928.62 The above balance is unexpended at 'end of month and not covered by contracts, but is not available as the following amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equipment. ...................... ............. 1,276,928.62 26For improvement of Mississippi River as follows: At Trotters Point, Miss., $100,000; near Memphis, Tenn., $1 066 61; near Laconia Circle, Ark., $8,000; at Star Landing Bend, Miss., $210,000; at Delta Miss., $160,000; fteelfoot levee district in Kentucky, $25,000; at Gayoso Bend, Mo., $150,000; in upper St. 1rancis levee district $234,000; at Norfolk, Miss., $100,000; at Norfolk, Sunflower, and Trotters Point, Miss., 100 000; at yanoke Landing, Ark., special fund, $60,000. 2 i ' River: Surveys, $162,886.03; upper St. Francis levee district, $920,300; lower St. Francis iisss•sippi levee district, $3,253,189.75; White River levee district, $2,634,645.80; Reelfoot levee district, $385,000; upper Yazoo levee district, $1,468,703.45; Walnut Bend levee, preservation of works at, $28,200; preservation of works (levees), $17,909; preservation of works (revetment and contraction works; permanent channel improvement and protection), $36,958.89; Slough Landing Neck, Tenn., $206,385.36; Chute of Island 26 (abatis dikes), $1,478.11; Plum Point reach, $5,591,629.22; removal of Nonconnah rock, $9,000; Golden Lake, Ark., $91,193.91; Walnut Bend, Ark., $346,309.92; Trotters Point, Miss., $101,185.94; Sunflower, Miss., $253,365.56; stone, $138,223.04; Star Landing Miss., $17,220.95; Delta, Miss., $965.24; Gayoso, Bend, Mo., $150,000; Barfield, Ark., $200 000; Bullerton Bar, Ark., $70,000; Old Town Bend, Ark., $488,483.67; Osceola, Ark., $25,000; Norfolk, Miss., $42,002.05; dredges and dredging, $388,097.12; experimental dikes, $54,924.42; plant $1,916,984.81; Columbus, Ky., $43,750; Hickman, Ky., $95,132; New Madrid, Mo., $153,000; Caruthersville o., $80,314.37; Memphis, Tenn., $45,000; improving harbor at Memphis, Tenn., $1,42%, 244.94; improving harbor at Memphis Tenn. (Wolf River), $45 000; Memphis, Tenn.'(Wolf River), $25,786; Hopefield Bend (preservation of works at), $707,081.03; Wolf River, $10,000; Memphis Harbor, $29,069.70; improving St. Francis River (Walnut Bend levee), $75,000; Helena, Ark., $297,868.81; survey, east bank Mississippi River, Bessie to Memphis, Tenn., $11,000; Porter Lake, Ark., $445,525.51; new plant,$916,478.71- $23,409,493.31. Repairing Government levee at Walnut Bend, Ark., $90.000; emergencies m river and harbor works (for Wolf River), $8,000; examinations, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors, $485; rebuilding levees of the Mississippi River and tributaries damaged by floods, $620,000; maintaining and protecting levees of Mississippi River and tributaries against floods, $104,558.97; for claims for dam- ages by collision, river and harbor works, $15; maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works, act of Oct. 2, 1914, $1,195,666.14, distributed as follows: Surveys, $1,500; upper St. Francis levee district $101,637.28; lower St. Francis levee district, $437,000; White River levee district, $160 000; Slough Landing Neck, Tenn. $191,498.17; Plum Point reach, $1,260; Star Landing, Miss., $106,724.54; Trot. (Footnote 27 continued on page 1936.) 61637-ENG 1923------122 1936 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923, Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 80, 1923-Continued. THIRD DISTRICT. [Appropriations: Mississippi Rivetr; flood control, Mississippi River, and Sacramento River, Calif.; flood control, Mississippi River; emergency flood control, Mississippi River; funds contributed for flood control, Mississippi River; maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works; increase of compensation, rivers and harbors, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, and 1922; increase of compensation, War Department, 1923; funds contributed for improvement of Mississippi River; funds contributed for improvement of Mississippi River (special fund), by Mississippi Levee Commissioners for revetment; maintaining and protecting levees of the Mississippi River and tributaries against floods; rebuilding levees of the Mississippi River and tributaries damaged by floods; examinations, surveys, and con- tingencies of rivers and harbors; modifications and readjustments of contracts, river and harbor im- provements; additional payment to Walter H. Denison on contract for improvement, Mississippi River; deficiency act of March 1, 1921.] Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River, and Sacramento River, Calif., allotment for- Upper Lower Revetment Tensas Yazoo Grand opposite levee levee Lake, Ark. Delta district. district. Point, La. Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year.............................. ................... $2,154,129.52 $2,626, 604.00 $232, 534.12 $240,819.06 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year......... 17,096.89 39, 362.26 12,322.36 9,929.53 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year..... 28.75.... ....... ........ 17, 096. 89 39,391.01 12,322.36 9,929. 53 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month.... ........... 1. 00 39, 244. 13 12, 322.36 9, 929. 53 Amount expended during the month................ 122.82 .... 1............. ............... 1. 00 39,366.95 12,322.36 9, 929. 53 Balance unexpended at end of month........... 17,095.89 24.06 . ............ In Treasury United States.......................... 17,095. 89 24. 06.................. Outstanding liabilities at end of month............... 17, 095. 89 24. 06 ................... (Footnote 27 continued from page 1935.) ters Point, Miss., $2,376.36; Delta, Miss., $20,257.67; Old Town Bend, Ark., $2,687.65; Sunflower, Miss., $13.83; plant (repairs), $53,636.29 (revetment $13,607.43; plant, $40,028.86); stone, $1,574.35; Watsons Point, Ky. (dike at Slough Landing Neck), $1 3,000; experimental revetment, $2,500; maintenance and improve- ment of existing river and harbor works, act of Mar. 4, 1915, $1,380,224.54 distributed as follows: Surveys, $3,000; upper St. Francis levee district, $233,378.19; lower St. Francis levee district, $315,000.65; White River levee district, $160 103; Plum Point reach, $175,041.39; Delta, Miss., $94,805.87; Slough Landing Neck Tenn., $192,270.74; iarfield Ark., $1,545.98; Hopefield Bend, Ark., $7,296.03; Star Landing, Miss., $8, 85 5.62 ; Sunflower, Miss., $172 .50; plant (repairs), $9,979.81; stone, $1,573.37; experimental revetment, $22,201.39; plant, $75,000; new plant, $55,000; Memphis Harbor, $25,000. Modification and readjustments of contracts, river and harbor improvements act July 18 1918 (upper St. Francis levee distict $2,866.36; lower St. Francis levee district, $24,779.31; White River levee district, $20,489.68), $48,135.35. beficiency act of Mar. 1 1921 (claim of Roach, Stansell, Lowrance Bros. & Co., $184,428.27; claim of H. B. Blanks, $123,569.03), 307,997.30; examinations, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors, surveys for ter- minal sites vicinity of Memphis, $600; increase of compensation, rivers and harbors, 1918, $7,551.58; 199, $2271.15; 1920, $6,599.99; 1921, $8,692.97. 1 Includes $4 in Treasury settlement for switching cars. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1937 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 80, 198---Continued. THIRD DISTRICT--Continued. Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River, and Sacramento River, Calif., allotment for- Repairs to existing Plant. Expended Total. works, allotments. and stone. Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year ..... ...................... $1,154, 399.44 2 $3, 099, 657.99 $9, 508,144. 13 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year...... $22, 987. 37 46,199. 60.............. 147, 898. 01 ,Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year... 6,508.42 ........... 6,537.17 22, 987.37 52,708. 02 ............. 154,435.18 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month ...... ....... 22, 987. 37 49,315.84 .. ..... 133, 800.23 Amount expended during the month .......... 3,392.18............... 3,515.00 a22,987.37 52,708.02 .............. 137,315.23 Balance unexpended at end of month........ ............ .......................... 17,119.95 In Treasury United States.................. . ..... . .................... .......... 17,119.95 Outstanding liabilities at end of month........... .. .... . .............1..... .. ...... 17,119.95 s Surveys, $5,000; Riverton, Miss., $493,768.52; Lake Bolivar, Miss., $191,152.74; Arkansas City, Ark., $139,073.05; Ashbrook Neck, Miss., $369,542.22; Ashbrook Dike, Miss., $30,464.18; Panther Forest, Ark., $282,225.58; Leland Neck, Ark., $1,128.20; Greenville, Miss., $117,557.07; Vaucluse, Ark., $8,482.67; Prince- ton, Miss., $345,314.21; Valewood, Miss., $352 217.39; Fitlers, Miss., $193,554.36; Cottonwood, Miss., $485,347.85; Vicksburg, Miss., $4,283.40; Reid-Bedford Bend, La., $52,000; Red Fork, Ark., $25.67; stone, $28,520.88. ' Expenditure during fiscal year, $22,987.37, distributed as follows: Bolivar, Miss., $1,468.79; Arkansas City. Ark., 2,290.73; Ashbrook Neck, Miss., $2,150.78; Leland Neck, Ark., $S,652.04; Princeton, Miss., $3,866.09; JDelta Point, La., $1,873.97; Vicksburg, Miss., $2,624.02; Reid-Bedford Bend, La., $2,060.95. 1938 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 30, 1923-Continued. THIRD DISTRICT-Continued. Funds contributed for flood control, Mississippi River (special fund). Upper Tensas levee district. Lower Yazoo levee district. Yazoo- Total. Fifth Southeast Tensas Mississippi Missis- Louisiana Arkansas Basin levee com- sippi levee levee levee missioners. Delta district. district. district. levee district. Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year. 508, 707.45 347, 515. 081$257, 124. ll $1, 342, 501. 00 .......... $2, 455, 847.64 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year........ .... 6,293.55 1,818.59 5,542.89............. ....... 13,655.03 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year ................. 200,000. 00 112, 500. 00 112, 500.00 477, 500.00 $30,000.00 932,500. 00 206, 293. 55 114, 318. 59 118, 042. 89 477, 500. 00 30, 000. 00 946,155. 03 Amount expended from begin- ning of present fiscal year to end of previous month......... 101, 848. 81 44, 634. 73 42, 924. 16 232, 519. 78 12, 693.01 434, 620. 49 Amount expended during the month ... ............. 4,444.74 7,183.86 12,618.73 9,980.22 2,306.99 36,534.54 106,293.55 51,818.59 55, 542. 89 242, 500.00 15,000. 00 471, 155.03 Balance unexpended at end of month................ 100,000.00 62, 0 62,500.00 2,0. 235,000. 00 15,000.00 475,000,00 In Treasury United States ....... 20,000.00 10, 000.00 10,000. 00 50,000.00........ 90, 000.00 In other depositories............. 80,000.00 52,500.00 52, 500.00 185,.000. 00 15, 000.00 385, 000. 00 100,000.00 62,500.00 62,500.001 235,000.00 15,000.00 475,000.00 Outstanding liabilities at end of month......... 5,426.39 1,622.69 1,622.68 65,861.42 .......... 74,533.18 Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month ...... 28,750.00 23,108.05 23,108.05 1,955.51 .......... 76, 921.61 34,176.39 24,730.74 24,730.73 67,816.93 .......... 151,454.79 Balance available at end of month................ 65,823. 61 37, 769.26 37, 769.27 167,183.07 15, 000. 00 323,545.21 The above balance is unexpended at end of month and not cov- ered by contracts, but is not available as the following amounts are required to con- tinue operations now under way by use of United States equipment................... 65, 823.61 37, 769.26 37, 769.27 167,183.07 1 15:000.00 323,545.21 65,836 3 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1939 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments inder Mississippi River Commission June 80, 1923--Continued. THIRD DISTRICT--Continued. Appropriation for emergency flood control, Mississippi Increase Increase River, allotment for levees, of com- of com- pensa- pensa- tion, tion, Upper Lower rivers War Tensas Yazoo and Depart- leveensas levee Total. harbors, ment, district. district. Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year .............. ........... $191,271.35 $159,361. 16 $350, 632. 51 $29, 720.01... Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year.... 18,189.45 22,200.82 40,390.27 1,197.59 .......... Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year .................. ............. 6.00 4$34, 999.00 18,189.45 22,200.82 40,'390.27 1,203.59 34, 999.00 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month.......... 16, 296. 81 21, 875. 08 38,171.89 1,203.59 5 28, 792. 27 Amount expended during the month..................................... ....... 3,260.06 16, 296. 81 21,875.08 38,171.89 1, 203. 59 32,052.33 Balance unexpended at end of month...... ,892.64 325. 74 2,218.38 .......... 2,946.67 In Treasury United States .................... 437.23 1. 25 438. 48......... ....... In hand.................................. 1, 455.41 324.49 1,779.90 ........ 2,946.67 1,892.64 325.74 2,218.38 .......... 2,946.67 Outstanding liabilities at end of month......... 1, 140. 50 125. 77 1,266. 27 ....... 2,840.89 Balance available at end of month....... 752.14 199.97 952.11.......... 105.78 The actual net amounts available for other work under approved subprojects are........... 752.14 199.97 952.11 ........... 105.78 4Amount, $32,000, previously reported increased $3,000 by war warrant No.24007 and decreased $1reim- bursed by Mississippi-Warrior service and deposited to credit of Treasurer United Atates. . Amount, $28,793.27, previously reported decreased $1 to adjust error on April, 1923, statement. Of this $105.25 reimbursed by Mississippi-Warrior service, reported under "Plant, " $1 was for "Increase of compensation." 1940 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 30, 198--Continued. THIRD DISTRICT-Continued. Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River, allotment for- Upper Lower Ash- Panther Tensas Yazoo Riverton, Bolivar, brook Panther levee levee Miss. Miss. Dike, orest, district, district. Miss. Ark. Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year ................ $850,000. 00 $1, 000, 000. 00 $40, 000.00 $100, 000.00 3100, 000.00 $115, 000.00 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month .................. 323,177.94 468,249.42 40,000.00 100,000.00 100,000.00 34, 726.65 Amount expended during the month.... ............... s 31,108.31 60,670.49......... ..... ........... 9,375.00 354,286.25 528,919.91 40,000.00 100,000.00 100,000.00 44,101.65 Balance unexpended at end of month.................. 495,713.75 471, 080.09......... ................. 70, 898.35 In Treasury United States......... 485,000oo 00 455, 000.00.. ...... 65,000.00 In hand........................ 10, 713.75 16, 080.09........ ......... ......... 5,898. 35 495,713.75 471,080.09 ........ --............... 70,898.35 Outstanding liabilities at end of month .................... 63,057.27 102,802.92.................. . ...... 26,750.00 Amount covered by existing con- tracts at end of month.......... 149,932.21 3,911.03 ...-- - -- - -. .. .... 212,989.48 106,713.95 ......-..................... 26,750.00 Balance available at end of month................ 282, 724.27 364, 366.14 44,148.35 The above balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts, but is not available, as the following amounts are re- quired to continue operations now under way by use of United States equipment............. 282, 724.27 364,366.141.......... .. ........ ....... 44,148.35 -- -- I ' Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River, allotment for- Sunny- Grand Vale- Cottop- Millikin side, Lake, wood, Fitler, wood, Bend, Ark. Ark. Miss. Miss. Miss. La. Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year ..................... $150, 000. 00 $50, 000. 00j$50, 000. 001$130, 000. 00 $115, 000. 00 $150, 000. 00 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month... ................... 97,526.65 805.30 805.30 75,120.78 37, 817.14 3,221.22 Amount expended during the month.. 5,229.88 5,229.88 5,229.88 5,229.88 9,375.00 23, 282.03 102,756.53 6,035.18 6,035.18 80,350.66 47,192.14 26,503.25 Balance unexpended at end of month.................... 47,243.47 43,964.82 43,964.82 49,649.34 67,807.86 123,496.75 In Treasury United States......... 40, 000.00 35, 000.00 35,000.00 40,000.00 65, 000.00 105, 000. 00 In hand...... .................. 7,243.478, 964.82 8, 964.82 9,649. 34 2,807.8618, 496.75 47,243.47 43,964.82 43, 964.82 49, 649.34 67, 807.86 123,496.75 Outstanding liabilities at end of month. 17,750.00 17,750. 00 17, 750.00 17, 750.00 26, 700.00 53,370.00 Balance available at end of month.................. 29, 493.4726, 214.82 26, 214.82 31, 899. 3 41, 107.86 70,126.75 The above balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts, but is not available, as the following amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equipment.. 29, 493.47 26, 214.82 26,214.82 31,899.341 41,107.86 70, 126.75 rtirement und deducIosfurhqat. 6 Includes$288.46 SIncludes $288.46 retirement fund deductions, fourth quarter. 7 Includes $576.92 retirement fund deductions, fourth quarter. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1941 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 30, 1923-Continued. THIRD DISTRICT-Continued. Appropriation for flood control, Mis- sissippi River, allotment for- Expended Expended Repairsto trcon-ed appropria- total existing ttions. oa works Plant. Total. funds. and stone. Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year...... ........ ........... .......... 8$135, 500. 00 ' 30,517,009.03 $42,996,853.32 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year.... 203,140.90 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year.. $256,926.0010 $423, 655.67 $3,530,581.67 .................... 4,504,623.84 256,926.00 423,655.67 3, 530, 581. 67 .......... ............. 4,707,764.74 8 Greenville, Miss. (revetment), $35,500 (contributed by city of Greenville, Miss., $13,000, by Mississippi Levee Commissioners, $22 500). Contributed by Mississippi Levee Commissioners, $100,000 for revetment atthe followinglocalities: Riverton, Miss., $60,000; Valewood, Miss., $20,000; and Cottonwood, Miss, $20,000. 9 Mississippi River (upper Tensas Levee district, $7,283,896.49; Longwvood, Miss., $157,010.28; Lake Provi- dence reach, $3,936,957.46; stone, third district, $513,595.53; Vaucluse, Ark. $155,027.13; Leland Neck, Ark., $198,850.72; survey east bank Mississippi River, Brunswick to Warrenton, Miss., $6,936.59; Beulah crevasse, $550,000; Arkansas River levees $50,000; Albemarle Bend, $594,826.49; Grand Lake, Ark., $159,456.47; Greenville, Miss., $1 290,683.79; belta Point, La., $255,173.27; Fitlers Bend, Miss., $448,678.70; surveys, thirddistrict, $156,454.53; Ashbrook Neck, Miss $842,769.70; Panther Forest, Ark., $350,807.20; Cottonwood, Miss., $225 581.41; Vicksburg, Miss., $542,724.7i; Reid-Bedford Bend, La., $380,074.04; Red Fork Ark., $89,465.16; Lower Yazoo levee district, $5,878 715.81; Lake Bolivar Froit, Miss., $395,249.60; Ashbrook Dike Miss., $242,800; plant, $2,633,747.53), $27,339,484.67; maintaining and protecting levees of the Mississippi River and tributaries against floods (protection of levees, third district, $170 618.52; protection of levees Red River and tributaries, $5,729.35), $176,347.87; examinations, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors (canal leading from Centennial Lake at Vicksburg, Miss., to the Mississippi River, $2,000; survey, Vicksburg Harbor and Yazoo Canal, Harbor Division, $1,000), $3 000; claims for damages by collision, river and harbor works (S. C. Ragan & Co., May 1914, $11.90; Miller Engineering Co., September, 1916, $47.98), $59.88; maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works, act of Mar. 4, 1915 (surveys third district, $10,000; upper Tensas levee district, $201,300; lower Yazoo levee district, $191,301; Ashbrook Neck, Miss., $75,000; Greenville, Miss:, $110,969.50; Fitlers Bend, Miss., $75,740.55; PantherForest, Ark. $120,006.50; Lake Bolivar, Miss, $70,000; stone, third district, $1,538.03; Grand Lake, Ark., $60,038.20; plant, third district,$182,378.41; Ashbrook Dike, Miss., $26,288.88; experimentalrevetment, $8,000; Vaucluse, Ark., $6,795.50), $1,139 356. 57; modification and readjustments of contracts, act of July 18, 1918 (in upper Tensas levee district), $25,000; additional payment to Walter H. Denison on contract (in lower Yazoo levee district), $18,000; increase of compensation, rivers and harbors, 1918, $5,073.83; 1919, $5,257.69; 1920 ,$24,417.67; 1921, $25,309.77; maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works act of Oct. 2, 1914 (upper Tensaslevee district, $400,000.15; lower Yazoolevee district, $372,000; Greenville, Miss., $81,664.60; surveys, third district $2,000; Fitlers Bend, Miss., $12,079.21; Delta Point, La. $1431.17; Reid-Bedford, Bend, La $705.71; Ashbrook Neck, Miss., $643.07; PantherForest Ark., $44,624.5d; Albemarle Bend, Miss., $4,105.47; Lake Bolivar Front, Miss., $7,438.43; Vaucluse, Ark., 7699.37; stone, $19,623.87; Grand Lake., Ark., $80,000; plant, $50 000), $1,084,015.55; rebuilding levees of thie Iississippi River and tributaries dam- aged by floods (upper Tensas levee district, $417,988.03; lower Yazoo levee district $210,000; Red River levees $,256.56), $636,244.59; readjustments of contract, act Mar. 1, 1921, lower Yazoo levee district, $35,44.94. 5) lo Amount, $423,327, previously reported increased $328.67 by rent of two steel barges to Vicksburg, (Miss.) engineer district (E. D. 117483-80). 1942 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 30. 1923--ontinued. THIRD DISTRICT-Continued. 1 flo cotrl Mi Appropriation fo Appropriation for flood control, Mis- sissippi River. allotment for- Expended Expended Repairs to con- appropria- Grand II , Tictinp tributed tions. total. funds works Plant. Total. and stone. Amount expended from beginning of present fis- cal year to end of pre- vious month ......... "$167,135. 16 is $147, 563.84 $1, 596, 149. 40 . ...... $2,'232,737.87 Amount expended during the month............. 189, 943.00 14 18, 380.33 183, 053.68 226,363.28 15177,078.16 165,944.17 1,779,203.08 ........................ 2,459, 101. 15 Balance unexpend- ed at end of month. 79, 847.84 257, 711.50 1,751,378.59 .......... ......... 2,248, 663.59 In Treasury United States. 71,792.93 250,065.04 1, 646,857.97 ........................ 1,754,416.40 In other depositories... .. 385,000.00 In hand .................. 8,054.91 7,646.46 104,520.62............... ............. 109,247.19 79,847.84 257,711.50 1,751,378.59 ......................... 2,248,663.59 Outstanding liabilities at end of month.......... 35, 721.21 54, 482.91 433, 884.311............ ............ 529,644.60 Amount covered by exist- ing contracts at end of month .................. ........... 55,524.00 209, 367.24 ............ ............ 286, 288.85 35,721.21 110,006.91 643,251.55............815,933.45 Balance available at end of month...... 44,126.63 147,704.59 1,108,127.041........................ 1,432,730.14 The above balance is un- expended at end of month and not covered by contracts, but is not available, as the follow- ing amounts are re- quired to continue oper- ations now under way by use of United States equipment......... ... 44,126.68 62,704.59 1,023,127 04 ..................... . 1,340, 672.25 The actual net amounts available for other work under approved sub- projects are........... ............ 16 85,000.00 85,000.00............ 86, 057.89 1Amount, $173,761.27, previously reported decreased $6,623.11, reimbursed by Mississippi-Warrior service for moving Vicksburg terminal barge ($44.35), and reimbursed by Vicksburg (Miss). engineer district for towing, stone, and concrete ($6,581.76). 12Amount, $147,562.84, previously reported increased $1 to adjust error on April, 1923, statement. Of the $105.25 reimbursed by Mississippi-Warrior service, reported under Plant," $1 was for increase of compensation. 'sActual expenliture, $10,8 38, decreased $865.38, in adjustcient of retirement fund deductions, fourth quarter. 14 Includes $95.81 in Treasuryettlement for freight transportation. 15Expend iture during fiscgi~ar, $177,078.165, dislrbuted as folows: Ashbrook Neck, Miss., $30,892.17; Greenville, Miss, $23,948.03; Vaicluse, Ark., $43,025.15; Valewood, Miss.,$30,635.10; Fitler, Miss., $30,358.13; stone, $18,219.58. 16 For building 6 new steel material barges. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1943 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 30, 1923--Continued. FOURTI DISTRICT. [Appropriations: Mississippi River; flood control, Mississippi River and Sacramento River, Calif.: flood control, Mississippi River; emergency flood control, Mississippi River; preserving and protecting levees not under Government control on Mississippi River, its tributaries and outlets, during flood emergency; funds contributed for flood control, Mississippi River: maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works: increase of compensation, rivers and harbors, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, and 1922; increase of compensation, War Department, 1923; emergencies in river and harbor works; maintaining and pro- tecting levees of Mississippi River and tributaries against floods: removing sunken vessels or craft obstruct- ing or endangering navigation: rebuilding levees of the Mississippi River and tributaries damaged by floods; funds contributed for improvement of Mississippi River.J Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River. Lower Atchafa- Lafourche Barataria Pontchar- Lake Tensas lays levee train Borgne levee levee district dict levee levee district. district. sri district. district. Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year ........ ...... ......... $350, 000. 00$347, 600. 00$119, 000.00 $80, 000.00 $175,000.00 $100, 000.00 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month.. ............. ......... 17,128.44 149, 847.76 45, 413. 96 28,112. 17 35, 317. 88 59,899.88 Amount expended during the month. 116, 800. 63 24, 081. 60 914.30 4197. 30 1,961.00 3,339.36 33, 929.07 153,929.36 46, 328.26 28, 309.47 37, 278.88 63,239.24 Balance unexpended at end of month....................... 316,070.93 193,670.64 72,671.74 51,690.53 137,721.12 36,760.76 310,000.00 181, 408.30 In Treasury United States ........... 64, 000.00 43,000.00 115, 000.00 29, 982.18 In hand..-......................... 6,070.93 12,262.34 8,671.74 8,690.53 22,721.12 4,778.58 316, 070. 93 193, 670.64 72, 671.74 51, 690. 53 137, 721. 12 36, 760. 76 Outstanding liabilities at end of month ............... ... 1,311.62 2,690.30 406.64 ........ 1,095.61 72.00 Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month ................. 249, 212.33 112,140.20 ........... 2,362.00 18,720.00 610.92 250, 523.95 114,830.50 406.64 2, 362.00 19, 815.61 682.92 Balance available at end of month ................. . 98 78, 840. 14 65,546. 72, 265.10 49, 328.53 117, 905.51 36, 077.84 The above balance is unexpended at end of month and rot covered by coqtracts; but Is not available, as the following amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equip- ment ............................. 65,546.98 78,840.14 72,265. 10 49, 328. 53 117, 905.51 36,077.84 1 Includes $106.24; also includes $2,269.36, as listed on transfer memorandum No. 15 and on No. 16. Includes $188.83, as listed on transfer memorandum No. 15. 3 Includes $75.57, as listed on transfer memorandum No. 15. 4 Includes $24.22, as listed on transfer memorandum No. 15. 6 Includes $90.24, as listed on transfer memorandum No. 15. * Includes $69.49; also includes $2,631.97, as listed on transfer memorandum No. 15 and op No. 16. 1944 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 830, 1923-Continued. FOURTH DISTRICT-Continued. Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River. Hards Bondu- Kem e Giles Marengo Grand Bend. rant reve nt. Bend. Bend. Bay. Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year ...................... ....... $20, 000. 00 $325,453. 72 $215, 000.00 $60, 000. 00 $150, 000. 00 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month... . (7) 20, 000.008101,258.53 86, 068.27 60,000.00 71,383.75 Amount expended during the month..... . 97, 706.95 to 1,310.22........ 11631.90 ....... 20, 000. 00 108, 965. 48 87, 378. 49 60, 000. 00 72, 015.65 Balance unexpended at end of month.... ............... ...... ...... 216,488.24 127,621.51 .......... 77,984.35 In Treasury United States........... ... 175, 075.00 115, 000.00......... 75,000.00 In hand ........................... ......... 41,413.24 12,621.51 ........ 2,984.35 ............... 216,488.24127,621.51 .......... 77,984.35 Outstanding liabilities at end of month... 6,727.12 13,098.99 .......... ................... 5,057.64 Balance available at end of month.. . ....... 209,761.121 114,522.52 ......... 72, 926.71 The above balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts, but is not available as the following amounts are required to continue oper- ations now under way by use of Umted States equipment................... 209, 761.12 114,522.52.......... 72, 926. 71 7 Amount, $5.63, previously reported taken up under allotment "Plant." 8Includes $2,597.86, amount embezzled by W. G. Dunn, inspector, dropped as recommended by report of board of survey approved by the Chief of Engineers, Feb. 24, 1923. 9 Includes $46.5l; also includes $2,695.35, as listed on transfer memorandum No. 15 and on No. 16. 10Includes $46.59; also includes $780.46, as listed on transfer memorandum No. 15 and on No. 16. 11Includes $20.58; also includes $362.06, as listed on transfer memorandum No. 15 and on No. 16. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION;T. 1945 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 30, 1923---Continued. FOURTH DISTRICT-Continued. Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River. General Harbor Dredging repairs Plant. at New Dee Park, and Total. and stone. Orleans, La. miscella- La. neous. Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year .............. $220, 000.00 $253, 092.80 $250, 000. 00 12352,904. 98 $30, 000. 00 $3, 048, 051.50 Amount expended from begin- ning of present fiscal year to end of previous month.... 13102,015.42 1471,637.79 1 61, 204.70 204,694. 76 17,762.00 1,131,745.31 Amount expended during the month month........................ 16 3, 236. 13 1753,395.86 184,632. 83 193,135.11 so 253. 79 101,596.98 21 105,251.55 125,033.65 65,837.53 207, 829.87 18, 015.79 1, 233, 342.29 Balance unexpended at end of month............ 114,748.45128,059. 15 184,162.47 145, 075. 11 11, 984. 21 1, 814, 709. 21 In Treasury United States....... 95,410.91 92,155.89 159, 776.69 116,242.16 10,000.00 1,582,051.13 In hand....................... 54 35, 903. 26 24, 385. 78 22 19, 337. 28,832. 95 1,984. 21 232,658.08 114,748.451 128,059.15 184,162.47 145,075.11 11,984.21 1,814,709.21 Outstanding liabilities at end of month........ ..... 73,167.39 60,818.94 15,772.16 .......... 197,282.00 17,063.59 Amount covered by existing con- tracts at end of month......... ... ..... ......... .... 383,045.45 73,167. 39 60, 818.94 15,772.16 17,063.59.......... 580,327.45 Balance available at end of month ................. 41,581.06 67, 240. 21 168, 390. 31 128, 011.52 11,984.21 1,234, 381. 76 The above balance is unexpended at end of month and not cov- ered by contracts, but is not available, as the following amounts are required to con- tinue operations now under way by use of United States equipment..................... 41,581.06 67,240.21 168, 390.31 128, 011.52 11,984.21 1,234, 381.76 12Includes $112.90 received from sale of sacks. 13Amount, $103,446.23, previously reported decreased $1,430.81, on account of error in addition when separating the disbursements of the two appropriations, "Flood control, Mississippi River and Sacramento River, Calif.," and "Flood control, Mississippi River," under this allotment. 14Decreased, $31,057, by $650.66, reimbursement from secretary Mississippi River Commission for sup- plies and repairs to steamers, and $114.23 from fifteenth lighthouse district for oil; $28,160.60 as listed on transfer memorandum No. 16 and $2,131.51 on transfer memorandum No. 15. 15Decreased $8,643.15, by reimbursement as listed on transfer memorandum No. 13, attached, April, 1923 account current, amount not deducted from expenditures for April and May, 1923. 1eIncludes $35.20; also includes $634.15 as listed on transfer memorandum No. 15 and on No. 16; also includes $982.82 in Treasury settlement No.71050. 17 Includes $1,301.43, as listed on transfer memorandum No. 15; also includes $53.66 in Treasury settle- ment No. 71026. 18Includes $66.51; also includes $1,842.41, as listed on transfer memorandum No. 15 and on No. 16. 19Includes $57.89; also includes $9,3.16, as listed on tranfer memorandum No. 15 and on No. 16. 20Includes $2.13: also includes $223.44, as listed on transfer memorandum No. 15 and on No. 16. 21Expenditures during fiscal year, $105,251.55, were distributed as follows: Bondurant, La., $6,359.33; Kempe Bend, La., $16,725.73; Giles Bend, Miss., $24,322.78; Marengo Bend, La., $12,759; Natchez Front, Miss., $820.74; Deer Park, La., $31,549.69; Grand Bay, La., $12,714.28. 22Includes $2,262.40, inadvertently taken up under appropriation " Flood control, Mississippi River and Sacramento River, Calif.," when separating the expenditures, etc., from those of appropriation "Flood control, Mississippi River." Adjustment of the amount will also be made on the account current for July, 1923. 1946 REPORT OF: CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 30, 1923-Continued. FOURTH DISTRICT-Continued. Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River and Sacramento River, Calif., allotment for- owers Atchafa- Lafourche Barataria Pontchar- Lake Hard Tensas train Borgne Times levee laya leve e levee levee TimBend district district,district.district, district, district. Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year..... $1,361,363.28 $1,006,171.95 $352, 618. 18 $262, 644.62 $672,944. 93 169, 426. 63$265, 257.82 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year............ 249, 710.03 120, 406. 48 17, 745. 82 2,856. 76 97, 843. 84 11, 573. 87 10, 891. 55 Amount expended from begihning of present fiscal year to end of previous month ..... 249, 710. 03 120,406.48 17,745. 82 2, 856.76 97,843.84 11, 573.87 3, 560. 13 Balance unex- pended at end of month...... .......... ............... ... ..... .............. .......... 7,331.42 In hand............... ............. ..._.... .... ... .... ........... 7,331.42 Balance available at end of month ... _.... ......... ..... .......... . ...... ........... 7,331.42, The above balance is unexpended at end of month and not cov- ered by contracts, but is not available as the following amounts are required to continue opera- tions now under way by use of United States equipment.... 7, 331.42 MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1947 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 30, 1923-Continued. FOURTH DISTRICT--Continued. Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River and Sacramento River, Calif., allotment for- Bondu- Kempe Giles Plaque- General re- Harbor at Bend rant. revetment. Bend. mine, La., pairs and Plant. New Or- revetment. stone. leans, La. 1 - 1 1 1 1. Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year....... $26, 188.28 $677, 845. 2 191, 442. 80 $332,290. 62............ $998 931. 75 751,572.58 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year... 5, 811.72 5, 222. 58 4,355. 86 35,993.21 1 $21,402.63 129,992.37 48,677.08 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year. ........ ......... ........... ,249.10 2, 873.78.......... 5, 811.721 5,222.58 4, 355,86 35,993.21 22,651.73 132,866. 15 48,677.08 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month....... 72 5, 811. 5, 222. 58 4,355.86 22,544. 62 221,207.33 111,309.79 48, 677.08 Amount expended dur- ing the month........ ................................ 276. 86............ 3, 438.88. 5,811.72 5,222. 58 4,355.86 22, 821.48 621,207.33 114,748.67 48,677,08 Balance unexpended at end of month.. '... ......... ........... ..... , 13,171.73 1,444.40 18,117.48 ... In Treasury United States................ ................................ 5, 716. 23 1, 444.40 2, 583.05 .... In hand................ ................................ 7,455.50 ......... .15,534.43. .. 13,171.73 1,444.40 18,117.48... Outstanding liabilities at end of month.......... S......... ........... 16.52.... Balance available at end of month ...... 13,155. 21 1,444.40 18,117.48. The above balance is un- expended at end of month and not covered by contracts but is not available as the follow- ing amounts are re- quired to continue op- erations now under way by use of United States equipment...... I.....................I........... 13,155.21 1,444.40 18,117. 481........... 23Amount, $18,409.02, previously reported, is increased $2,993.61. That amount was erroneously deducted from balance unexpended under allotment June 30, 1922 (Kempe Bend). 24Amount, $16,782.91, previously reported increased $4,424.42, to correct error in accounting for Treasury settlements. 2 Includes $143.07 as listed and explained on transfer memorandum No. 16. 26Bondurant revetment. 1948 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 80, 19238 -Continued. FOURTH DISTRICT--Continued. Appropriation for flood control, Mississippi River and Sacramento River, Calif., allotment for- Emergency flood Atchafa- Experi- control, laya and Grand Marengo Expended Mississippi Red River, mental work. Bay. Bend. allotments. Total. River. La. Amount expended on presentprojecttoend of last fiscal year..... $208,870. 63 $3, 600.73 $358,564.88 $396, 945.99 2$20, 011.75 $8,056,692.64128 $249, 823.03 Balance unexpended -at end of last fiscal year ............ 12, 491. 37 22,399. 27 146. 71 168.31.......... 797,689.46 2955, 214.16 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year................ ........... ........ .......... ........... ........ 4,122.88 o719.55 12491.3722, 99. 27 46.71 168.31........... 801.8134 55, 933.71 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month...... 12,207.43 1,251.19 146. 1 168.31........... 73, 599.55 65, 933.71 Amount expended dur- ing the month ....... .... ........... 175.56.......... ..................... 3,891.30.......... 12, 207.43 1,426.75 146.71 168. 311.......... 740,490.85 55, 933. 71 Balance unex- pended at end of month...... 283.9420,972.52................................. 61,321.49... In Treasury United States........... 16,000.00............................. ....... .... .25,743.68......... In hand............ 283.94 4,972.52 ........................... 35,577.81........ 283.94 20,972.52............................. 61,321.49.... Outstanding liabilities at end of month..... . . . 87.5.........__..... ......... .. 104.02........ Balance available at end of month. 283. 94120 , 885. 02 .......... 61,217. 471...... The above balance is unexpended at end of month and not cov- ered by contracts, but is not available as the following amounts are required to con- tinue operations now under way by use of United States equip- ment... ........ 283.94 20, 885.02 ........... 61, 217. 47 Surveys, $5,010.25; Natchez front, $15,001.50. 227Amount, $249,829.14, previously reported decreased $6.11, account refundment of overpayment on voucher 368, June, 1922. 29 Amount, $50,170.86, previously reported increased $6.11, account refundment of overpayment on voucher 368, June, 1922, and increased $5,037.19 account error in taking up reallotment under this item in November, 1922. waAmount, $5,756.74, previously reported decreased $5,037,19, for reasons stated above. n Includes $10.63 as listed and explained on transfer memorandum No. 16. MISSISSIPPI RIVE t COMMISSION. 1949 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 30,1923---Continued. FOURTH DISTRICT--Continued. Funds contributed for flood control, Mississippi River (special fund). Levees. Lower Atchafa- Lafourche Barataria Pontchar- Tensas laya levee levee levee train levee levee district.district. district. district. district. i i-- -- - Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year ................. $684, 556. 621 $501,393. 2C $170, 682. 931 $124, 307.831 $336, 267.65 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year ...................... ..... 120, 443.38 61,106.80 14, 317. 07 8,192.17 48, 732.35 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year ....................................... 125, 000.00 173, 800. 00 51, 000.00 20, 000.00 50, 000.00 245, 443.38 234,906.8065, 317.07 28,192.17 98, 732.35 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month..... ................... 145,859.23 141, 474.17 45,749.65 m 18,046.54 59,791.66 Amount expended during the month...... 8a1,137.10 8413, 526.20 1, 503.64 104.76 810, 334.84 146,996.33 155, 000.37 47, 253.29 18,151.30 70,126.50 Balance unexpended at end of month. 98, 447.05 79, 906.43 18, 063.78 10, 040. 87 28, 605.85 In Treasury United States ........... 252.00 -151.19 6,000.00............ 42.16 In other depositories ...................... 74, 750.00 73, 800.00 5, 000.00 ........... 15, 000.00 In hand ................................ 23, 445. 05 6, 257.62 7, 063.78 10, 040. 87 13, 563.69 98, 447.05 79, 906. 43 18, 063.78 10, 040. 87 28, 605. 85 Outstanding liabilities at end of month.... 1,295.14 203.32............. 547.80 Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month......................... 98, 447.05 7,965.10 1,181.00 .................. 98, 447. 05 9, 260. 24 1,384.32 ............ 547.80 Balance available at end of month... 70, 646.19 16,679.46 10, 040.87 28,058.05 The above balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts, but is not available, as the following amounts are required to continue opera- tions now under way by use of United States equipment....................... 70, 646.1 16,679.46 10,040.87 28, 058.05 82Amount reduced $110.71, as listed and explained on transfer memorandum No. 16. s8Includes $37.41, as listed and explained on transfer memorandum No. 16. a4Includes $8,389.90, as listed and explained on transfer memorandum No. 16. a Includes $827.51 as listed and explained on transfer memorandum No. 16. MIncludes $7,887.86, as listed and explained on transfer memorandum No. 16. 1950 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 30, 1923-Conitinued. FOURTH DISTRICT-Continued. Funds contributed for flood control, Missis- sippi River (special fund). Appropriation for Mississippi River, allotment for- Levees. i Lake Atchafa- Homo- Kempe Borgne Total. laya levee chitto Ben e levee district. levee revetment- district. district. Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year .............. $83, 236.34 $1, 900, 444. 571$2, 170, 942. 201 $2, 583.88 $1,360,000.00 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year........ .................. 7,263.66 260,055.43 23,194.97........... 418.72 Amount appropriated or allotted this fis- cal year.......................... 30,000.00 449, 800.00................................ 37, 263.66 709, 855. 43 23,194.97 ........... 418.72 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month ............ .............. 8736, 656.34 447, 577.59 23,194.97 .......... 418.72 Amount expended during the month...... s 607.32 27,213.86............................... 37,263.66 474,791.45 23,194.97 .......... 418.72 Balance unexpended at end of month. ............ 235, 063.98 ... In Treasury United States.... ....... ......... 6,142.97 ... ..- ......... In other depositories ................ 168, .6,14.. 00............. . 5550.00 ........ , ........... In hand...... .......................... ............ 60,371.01 .. 235, 063.98 .......... ........ ......... Outstanding liabilities at end of month.... 2, 046. 26 ... Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month........................... 107,59315................. .... ........... 109, 639. 41........ ......... ........... Balance available at end of month... .......... 125,424.57 ............................. The above balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts, but is not available, as the following amounts are required to continue opera- tions now under way by use of United States equipment..... .............. 125, 424.571........... .................... 87Amount reduced $1,107.54, as listed and explained on transfer memorandum No. 16. 38Includes $25.08, as listed and explained on transfer memorandum No. 16. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION.. 1951 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 30, 1928-Continued. FOURTH DISTRICT--Continued. Appropriation for Mississippi River, Preserving allotment for. and protect- ing levees not under Govern- ment control on Expended, Expended, Mississippi general specific Total. River, its allotments. allotments. tributaries and outlets during flood emergency. Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year .......................... as$15, 239, 087. 47 40$2, 268, 066. 6E $21, 040, 680. 20 $49, 016.92 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year ... ............... 23, 613.69 15, 983.08 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year................................... . .... .. .. .............. 4,776.37 ............................... 23, 613.69 20, 759. 45 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month........ 23,613.69 4118,112.31 Amount expended during the month........ 593.66 -- . 23, 613.69 18, 705.97 Balance unexpended at end of month.. ................ ............. ..... . 2,053.48 In hand ............................... -....................... _................. 2,053.48 Outstanding liabilities at end of month........ ................... ........... .............. 2,053.48 39Lower Tensas levee district, $5,062,208.18; Lake Borgne levee district, $659,561.11; Hard Times Bend, $245 000; Giles Bend, $110,000; preservation of works, $134,000; Plaquemine, La., revetment, $150,000; Reid-Bedford Bend, $87,404.63; dredges and dredging, $2,506.99; Natchez and Vidalia, Miss. and La., $1,564,506.80; Marengo Bend, $90,000; general repairs and stone, $68,000; surveys, $155,171.62; Lafourche levee district, $980,769.14; Pontchartrain levee district, $2,189,335.14; Bondurant, $113,500; Plant, $1,364,230.74; Atchafalaya and Red Rivers, La., $150,453.95; Grand Bay, $175,000; Barataria levee dis- trict $770,163.95; harbor at New Orleans, La, $1,167,275.22. 40 Improving harbors at Natchez and Vidalia, Miss. and La., $282,252.04; improving harbor at New Orleans, La., $979,639.86; Atchafalaya and Red Rivers, La., $1,001,709.40; surveys, east bank Mississippi River from Warrenton to Baton Rouge, $4,465.35. 41Amount, $18,129.52, previously reported decreased $17.21; account refundment of overpayment on voucher 291, August, 1922. Maintenance and improvement of existing river and har- bor works, act of Mar. 4, 1915, allotment for- Lower Tensas Atchafalaya Expended Total levee district. levee district. allotments. Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year...... ................... $265, 025. 78 $109, 647. 54 42$713,555. 54 $1,088,228. 86 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year... 16, 098. 83 5,625. 59.............. 21, 724. 42 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month.......... 16, 098. 83 5, 625.59............ 21, 724.42 42Surveys, $4814.16; Lafourche levee district, $25,739.08; Barataria levee district, $62,236; Ponchartrain levee district, 410,117.50; Lake Borgne levee district, $41,006; Hard Times Bend, $120,999.99; Bondurant, $2,192.49; Kempe Bend revetment, $20,000; general repairs and stone (Marengo Bend, $3,462.02; Giles Bend $4,271.67), $7,733.69; Plaquemine, La., revetment, $28,385.18; plant, $108,188.69; harbors at Natchez and Vidalia, Miss. and La., $194,634; harbor at New Orleans, La., $37,675.91; Atchafalaya and Red Rivers, La., $19,832.85. 61637--ENG 1923-128 1952 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 80, 1923-Continued. FOURTH DISTRICT--Continued. Increase of Increase of Expended compensa- compensa- contributed tion, rivers tion, War Expended funds, and Depart- appropriations. improving Grand total. harbors, rnent, Mississippi 1922. 1923. River. Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year............. $115,409.51 .......... 43$1, 597, 474. 4744 $34, 921. 02 $34, 132, 691. 22 i -L =i i = = i-----1_,I=_== Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year......... ..... 3,926.78 ........................... 1,178, 207. 02 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year .............. ........... ............ $94, 000. 00 3, 601,470. 30 3, 926.78 3 94, 000. 00 4, 779, 677. 32 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of pre- vious month ................... 3,926.78 S83,638.11.............. ............ 2, 522, 871.47 Amount expended during month............ 6, 104. 09 ...................... 139, 399. 89 3,926.78 89,742.20.......... ................ .... 2,662,271.36 Balance unexpended at end of month.......................... 4, 257. 80 ................ .......... 2,117,405. 96 In Treasury, United States................. ... . ............... .. 1,613,937.78 In other depositories ............. ......... ..... .168, 550. 00 In hand....................................... 4,257.80 ..... ........... 334, 918.18 4, 257. 80 ............... 2, 117, 405. 96 Outstanding liabilities at end of month....................... ....... 2, 834. 44 ............... ............ 204, 320. 20 Amount covered by existing con- tracts at end of month............. ........... .. .......... 490,638.60 ............ ....... 2,834.44 ............................ 694, 958. 80 Balance available at end of month........... 1, 423.361............... ............ 1, 422, 447.16 The above balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts, but is not available as the follow ing amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equip- ment ............. ................. . .. 1,423.36 ................ ........... 1, 422, 447. 16 43 Emergencies in river and harbor works (for Giles Bend, Miss., $40,000; for Old River, $10,000), $50,000; maintaining and protecting levees of the Mississippi River and tributaries against floods (fourth district, $141,786.22; Atchafalaya River and Bayou Des Glaises, $31,431.05), $173 217.27; rebuilding levees of Missis- sippi River and tributaries damaged by floods (lower Tensas levee district, $6,985.66; Lafourche levee district, $105,318.56; Lake Borgne levee district, $551.96; east bank Mississippi River from Vicksburg to Bayou Sara, $23,402.56; sundry breaks Bayou des Glaises and Atchafalaya River, $55,599.19), $191,857.93. Removing sunken vessels or craft obstructing or endangering navigation, indefinite $9,500; maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor works act of Oct. 2, 1914 (lower Tensas levee district, $275 000; Atchafalaya levee district, $125,000: Lafourche levee district, $100,000; Barataria levee district, $76,265; Pontchartrain levee district, $100,000; Lake Borgne levee district, $75,000; Hard Times Bend, $22,714.44; Kempe Bend revetment, $60,252.96: Giles Bend, $40 184,25; Marengo Bend, $5,000; Natchez front, $12,000; Plaquemine, La., revetment, $50,000; Bondurant, $2,319.22; rlant $60,513.61; harbor at New Orleans, La,, $54,529.13; Atchafalaya and Red Rivers, La., $15 000), $1,073,778.61; increase of com- pensation, 1918, $14,831.55; 1919, $9,169.85; 1920, $13,075.25; 1921, $62,044.01. 44 Funds contributed for improvement of Mississippi River at Torras,'La., $2,453.74; funds contributed forimprovingMississippi River at Avondale, La., $32,467.28. 45 Reduced $354.97, as listed and explained on transfer memorandum No. 16. MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. 1953 Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission on June 30, 1928-Continued. MISSISSIPPI RIVER DREDGING DISTRICT. jAporopriations: Mississippi River; flood control, Mississippi River, and Sacramento River, Calif.; flood control, Mississippi River; increase of comnenstion, rivers and harbors, 1919, 1920. 1921, and 1922; in- crease of compensation, War Department, 1923.] Appropriation for flood con- Appropriation Appropriations for Mississippi trol, Missis:- i pi for flood con- River, and Sac- River, allot- ramento River, trol, Missisiprfi ment for River, dredg- Calif., allot- dredges and ing and miscel- ment for dredg- laneous. dredging. ing and miscel- laneous. Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year............................. ........ $6,758, 539.30 $2, 708,624.25 ............... Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year........... 988. 06 1 103, 595. 08 Amount apropriated or allotted this fiscal year ........ 39, 714. 56 25. 43 $1, 253, 000. 00 Total ................... ............ ............ 40, 702. 62 103, 600. 51 1, 253, 000. 00 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month.................... 26, 633. 89 898, 533.30 4477, 208. 54- Amount expended during the month ............... .......................... .... 5 30, 918.46. Total ............................................ 26, 633. 89 98, 593.30 508, 127.00- Balance unexpended at end of month............ 14, 068. 73 5,007.21 744, 873. 00 In Treasury United States ....................... 867. 32 3,928.08 663, 494. 58 In hand .................................. 13, 201.41 1, 079. 13 81, 378. 42 Total .................................. ... 14, 068. 73 5, 007.21 744,873.00 Out ;tanding liabilities at end of month ......... 867. 32 1, 079. 13 172, 085. 05, Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month. ................ 3, 698. 25 Total.................. .............. ................ 867. 32 1, 079. 13 175, 783. 30 Balance available at end of month.... ....... 13, 201. 41 3, 928. 08 569, 089. 70 The above balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts, but is not available as the following amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equipment... 13, 201. 41 3, 928.08 569,089. 7 1 Amount, $91 556.51, previously reported increased $12,038.57 on account of erroneously accounting for this amount under item "Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year" in statement for October, 1922. 2 Amount, $12,512.34, previously reported decreased $12,506.91 on account of erroneously accounting for this amount in statements for October and December, 1922, as follows: $12,038.57 under item "Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year," and $168.34 under item "Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month." 3 Amount, $99,061.64, previously reported decreased $168.34 on account of error in statements for October and November, 1922, in taking up this amount here. 4 Amount, $189,017.98, previously reported decreased $11,839.44, as follows: $370.37 reimbursement from secretary Mississippi River Commission for supplies furnished steamer " John Ewens" March, 1923, CD No. 98731, April 17, 1923, ED 3221-171; $2,237,88 reimbursement from finance department, U. S. Army, for services, etc., furnished U. S. Army transports "Coxe" and "Hyde," CD No. 417, May 19, 1923, ED 3224-303 and $9,170.25 reimbursement from district engineer, Cincinnati district, for services and supplies furnished with dredge " Delta," October November, and December, 1922, CD No. 9, Federal Reserve Bank, Mem- phis, Tenn., June 29, 1923; 9 cents to adjust error in payment of voucher 49, March accounts, and $60.85 to correct a refunded amount taken up in November, 1922, as appropriated. 5 Includes $165.97 in Treasury settlement No. Tr. W-71069 for freight transportation. 1954 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Consolidated statement of condition of appropriations and allotments under Mississippi River Commission June 80, 1923-Continued. MISSISSIPPI RIVER DREDGING DISTRICT--Continued. Increase of Increase of Expended compensa- compensa- appropria- tion, rivers tion, War. Total. tions. and harbors, Department, 1922. 1923. I------- Amount expended on present project to end of last fiscal year ....... ............... 6 $32, 643. 71 $23,172.47 1.............. $9, 522,979. 73 Balance unexpended at end of last fiscal year... 931.52 .............. ............. 105, 514.66 Amount appropriated or allotted this fiscal year. $26, 286.55 ..................... 1,319,006. 54 Total............. ................. .............. 931.52 26, 286. 55 1,,424, 521.20 Amount expended from beginning of present fiscal year to end of previous month.......... .............. 931.52 823, 206.32 626, 573.57 Amount expended during the month........... .............. ........... 2,254.76 33,173.22 Total... .... .......... ............ 931. 52 ...................... 25, 461. 08 659, 746.79 Balance unexpended at end of month.... .............. ........... 825.47 764,774.41 In Treasury United States ..................... 668,289.98 In hand........ - ....... -............ 825.47 96, 484. 43 Total.......................... 825.47 ........................764, 774.41 Outstanding liabilities at end of month....... ......... .......... ... 59 991. 175,023.09 Amount covered by existing contracts at end of month............................. .... .. ....... ............. 3,698.25 Total.......... ................. ... ............. 991.59 178,721.34 Balance available at end of month........ -166. 12 586,053.07 The above balance is unexpended at end of month and not covered by contracts, but is not available as the following amounts are required to continue operations now under way by use of United States equipment...... -166.12 586, 053.07 6 Increase of compensation, rivers and harbors, 1919, $2,642.74; 1920, $14,472.38; 1921, $15,528.59. 7 Amount, $21,928.56, previously reported increased $1,800, by war warrant No. 24165 and decreased $442.01 by reimbursement from district engineer, Cincinnati district, for services dredge " Delta," October November and December, 1922, CD No. 9, Federal Reserve Bank, Memphis, Tenn., June 29, 1923, and reverts to Treasury. 8Amount $23,648.33, previously reported decreased $442.01 by reimbursement from district engineer, Cincinnati district, for services furnished with dredge " Delta" during October, November, and December, 1922, CD No. 9, Federal Reserve Bank, Memphis, Tenn., June 29, 1923, and reverts to Treasury. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION OF CONGRESSES OF NAVIGATION. 1955 PERMANENT INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION OF THE CONGRESSES OF NAVIGATION. 1. By an act approved June 28, 1902, Congress appropriated the sum of $3,000 per year for the support and maintenance of the Per- manent International Commission of the Congresses of Navigation and for the payment of the actual expenses of the properly accredited national delegates of the United States to the meetings of the con- gresses and of the commission. The object of the association is the promotion of inland and maritime navigation by means of or- ganized congresses and the publication of information. The associa- tion consists of delegates of Governments and corporations making annual contributions, and is also open to private individuals. Its affairs are managed by a permanent international commission which holds its seat at Brussels, and is composed of members belonging to the various countries represented on the association who are chosen by their Governments. The number of members of the commission is governed by the amount of the annual subsidy or contribution, whether paid by the Government or others. From the members of the commission a permanent council is constituted by the Govern- ments of the countries represented on the association according to the amount of their contributions. 2. At the beginning of the fiscal year, the United States was represented on the permanent international commission by Brig. Gen. William H. Bixby, United States Army, retired, chairman of the American section; Maj. Gen. Harry F. Hodges, United States Army, retired; Col. J. C. Sanford, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, secretary of the American section; and the Hon. J. Hampton Moore. Under orders dated April 30, 1923, Colonel Sanford was appointed a member of the permanent council, and the resident mem- ber of the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors was designated as ex officio an official delegate of the permanent commission and as secretary of the American section of the commission. Under these orders, Colonel Sanford was relieved of his duties as secretary and disbursing officer of the American section by Maj. G. R. Young, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, who also became an official delegate of the permanent commission. 3. There have been held in previous years 12 congresses. The thir- teenth was held in London, England, July 2 to 12, 1923. The follow- ing were designated to represent the United States on that occasion: Capt. F. T. Chambers, Civil Engineer Corps, United States Navy; Col. J. C. Oakes, Corps of Engineers, United States Army; Maj. O. N. Solbert, Corps of Engineers, United States Army; Capt. Charles L. Hussey, naval attache, London; Admiral William E. Rey- nolds, commandant, United States Coast Guard; Mr. John C. Hoyt, hydraulic engineer, United States Geological Survey; Col. E. Lester Jones, Director of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey; Capt. R. L. Faris, assistant director, United States Coast and Geo- detic Survey, as alternate for Col. E. Lester Jones; Mr. George H. Putnam, Commissioner of Lighthouses; Mr. Walter Tower, commer- cial attache, London; Capt. W. F. Purdy, operating manager of the United States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation; Gen. W. W. Atterbury, vice president, Pennsylvania Railroad; and Mr. Robert P. Skinner, American consul, London, England. Papers for 1956 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. discussion were presented by Captain Chambers and Commissioner Putnam of the delegates from the United States, while Captain Hussey and Admiral Reynolds presented specially privileged com- munications. In addition, papers for discussion were also presented by the following from the United States: Col. William Kelly, Corps of Engineers, United States.Army; Prof. Daniel W. Mead, Univer- sity of Wisconsin; Dr. Grover G. Huebner, University of Pennsyl- vania; and Commander Urban T. Holmes, United States Navy, retired. 4. There were no meetings of the commission or council during the year at which any of the American members were in attendance. 5. The expenditures during the year from the above appropriation amounted to $1,138.82 and were for the support and maintenance of the commission, toward which the United States contributes $1,000 per annum for telegrams, traveliifg expenses in connection with work of the American section of the association, clerical services, and for miscellaneous office expenses. In addition practically the entire balance of the appropriation was obligated to cover the expenses of those delegates from the United States whose traveling expenses are to be paid from the Federal funds. REPORT OF BOARD ON EXPERIMENTAL TOWBOATS FOR MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES. In compliance with the river and harbor acts approved June 25, 1910, and July 27, 1916, a board of engineer officers was appointed for the purpose of carrying out their provisions. Personnel of the board: Col, Charles L. Potter and Col. Harry Burgess, Corps of Engineers, during the fiscal year; Maj. De Witt C. Jones, Corps of Engineers, to July 3, 1922; and Maj. Lunsford E. Oliver, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Description.-The river and harbor acts approved June 25, 1910, and July 27, 1916, provide for the design and construction of two experimental towboats with a complement of suitable barges and necessary loading and unloading facilities for experiments in transpor- tation of heavy freights on the Mississippi River and its tributaries, after investigation of the types of boats in use on nontidal rivers in this and other countries. Existing project.-The purpose of the project is to demonstrate the economy, or lack of economy, in the transportation of heavy freights on the nontidal rivers of this country and the determination of the most suitable equipment for this purpose. In a preliminary report (1914) on results of experiments on models of various barges, boat hulls, and propelling wheels and studies of various types of engines and steam plants, the board recommended tests with full-sized vessels, barges of two types, and towboats with stern paddle wheels and with twin screws in tunnels. Also tests were recommended to deter- mine the relative suitability and efficiency of various boilers, furnaces, engines, wheels, and screw propellers of various blade areas and pitches. Other auxiliary features also proposed were to tow barges loaded with coal, sand, and stone over certain stretches of the river, keeping record of the tonnage, performance of boilers and engines, and operating costs, in order to determine unit costs of transpor- tation. MISCELLANEOUS CIVIL WORKS. 1957 The project is authorized by section 1 of the river and harbor act approved June 25, 1910, and section 1 of the river and harbor act ap- proved July 27, 1916. The preliminary report of the board has been printed as House Document No. 857, Sixty-third Congress, second session, and a supplemental report is printed as House Document No. 108, Sixty-seventh Congress, first session. Operations and results during the fiscal year.-No field work was done during the year. The work of restoring the towboat King to its usefulness as a towboat was begun and completed during the year. The expenditures for the fiscal year have been $21,755.70. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The field work, tests, and reports have been completed. The total expenditures have been $423,265.60, of which $402,130.58 was for new work and $21,135.02 was for maintenance. Proposed investigations.-None. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $4,952.75: New work-------- ------------------------------- $402,130. 58 Maintenance---- --------------------------------- 21, 135. 02 Net total expended---------------------------------423, 265. 60 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------500, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work I..... $55,999.98 $39, 233. 36 $15,670. 96 $505.24........... Expended for maintenance 1.... .... ..... 2 1,755. 70 Appropriated or allotted.... .... .............................. ................ July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--- ----------------------- $97, 869. 42 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923------------------ 620. 68 98, 490. 10 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance 1---------- ---- ----- 21, 755. 70 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ---------------------------- 76, 734. 40 EXAMINATIONS, SURVEYS, AND CONTINGENCIES OF RIVERS AND HARBORS. For examinations, surveys, and contingencies, and for incidental repairs for rivers and harbors for which there may be no special appropriation, an appropriation of $400,000 should be made. MISCELLANEOUS CIVIL WORKS. The miscellaneous civil duties committed to the Corps of Engineers include matters relating to the establishment of regulations for the use, administration, and navigation of the navigable waters of the United States; the establishment of anchorage grounds, and rules 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 1958 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. and regulations therefor; the establishment of rules and regulations for the operation of drawbridges; the approval of plans for the construction, alteration, and maintenance of bridges crossing navi- gable waters; the granting of permits for structures or work in navigable waters; the investigation of water-power projects in co- operation with the Federal Power Commission, and the supervision of operations under water-power permits; the establishment of har- bor lines; the removal of sunken vessels obstructing or endangering navigation; the supervision of the harbor of New York and adjacent waters to prevent obstructive or injurious deposits; the reclama- tion and development of Anacostia Park, District of Columbia; repairs to the Aqueduct Bridge, Potomac River, District of Colum- bia; the construction of the Francis Scott Key Bridge, Potomac River, District of Columbia; the maintenance of the Washington Aqueduct and the water supply of the city of Washington; increas- ing water supply, District of Columbia; the maintenance and im- provement of the public buildings and grounds in the District of Columbia; the surveying and charting of the Great Lakes, the Lake of the Woods, and other boundary and connecting waters between said lake and Lake Superior, and also of the natural navigable waters of the New York State canals and of the waters of Lake Champlain; the preservation of Niagara Falls and the supervision of power companies operating at that point; general supervision of the work of the Board of Road commissioners for Alaska; the construction of monuments and memorials. Appropriations.--The funds with which the miscellaneous civil works were prosecuted during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1923, were derived as follows: For investigations, inspections, hearings, reports, service of notice, or other action incidental to examination of plans or sites of bridges or other struc- tures built or proposed to be built in or over navigable waters, or to examina- tions into alleged violations of laws for the protection and preservation of navigable waters, or to the establishment or marking of harbor lines or establishment of anchorages, funds were allotted from river and harbor appropriations in accordance with the provisions of section 6 of the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1905. These allotments, including $41,116.63 for the inspection and supervision of fishing structures, aggregated $63,397.29.1 For the investigation of water-power projects in cooperation with the Federal Water Power Commission and the supervision of operations under water- power permits funds were allotted as follows: From appropriations for the commission------------------- $7, 401.83 From appropriations for works of river and harbor improve- ment------------------------ --------------- ------- 3, 335. 12 Total------------------------------------------ 10, 736. 95 For the removal of sunken vessels funds were allotted from the permanent indefinite appropriation made for the purpose by section 20 of the river and harbor act approved Mareh 3, 1899, amounting in the aggregate to $164,494.41. For the other civil works funds to the amount of $6,610,375.73 were provided by special appropriations made by Congress in sundry civil, War Department, Executive, and District of Columbia acts, and also by special allotments amounting to $5,827.98 from the appropriation for examinations, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors, for supervision of power companies at Niagara Falls, and for a survey of St. Lawrence River, making for special appropriations and allotments a total of $6,616,203.71. Grand total, including allotments, $6,854,832.36. 1This amount is included also in the general statement of expenditures from river and harbor appropriations. M1ISCELLANEOUS CIVIL WORKS. 1959 Expenditures.-The total expenditure for the fiscal year, exclusive of outstanding liabilities amounting to $599,682.25, was $3,073,773.11. (Details concerning the amounts expended for particular works will be found in the special reports for those works.) Work accomplished.-The work of the fiscal year is summarized as follows: Navigation and bridge rules and regulations established or modified----- 15 Anchorages established ------------------------------------------- 6 Harbor lines established or modified----------------------------- 19 Bridge applications and plans approved by the Chief of Engineers and Secretary of War------------------------------------------- 240 Bridges found obstructive and alteration ordered by the Secretary of War -------------------------------------------------------- 3 Sunken vessels investigated or removed__---------------------------- 47 Permits issued for work or structures in navigable waters----------- 2,483 Federal Water Power Commission: Number of applications for water-power permits received from com- mission with request that field investigations be made----------- 45 Number of field investigations made and reports furnished the com- mission ---------------------------- ---------------- 42 Number of investigations in progress at close of fiscal year--------- 13 Number of water-power permits under which operations are being supervised by district engineers at request of commission .-------- 40 Harbor of New York: Supervision maintained, 18 violations of law reported for prosecution, 5 convictions obtained, 47 prosecutions pending at end of fiscal year. Anacostia Park: About 6 per cent of the project executed during the fiscal year; project about 39 per cent completed. Aqueduct Bridge: Substructure maintained. Georgetown Bridge: About 4.71 per cent executed during the fiscal year; work about 96.5 per cent completed. Washington Aqueduct': Water supply maintained without interruption; the average daily per capita consumption was 142 gallons; the average total con- sumption per 24 hours was 64,630,000 gallons, the maximum 80,000,000 gallons. Public Buildings and Grounds, District of Columbia: These consist of the President's Mansion and the Executive Office building, the Washington National Monument, the Lincoln Memorial, and the various parks and park places composing the park system of the District of Columbia under the Chief of Engineers. The buildings and the improved parks were maintained in good condition. Twelve of the unimproved small park spaces were par- tially improved. The remaining unimproved spaces, of which there are about 135, consisting principally of small triangular areas at the intersection of streets and avenues were given but scant attention owing to lack of funds. Good progress was made on works specifically appropriated for by Congress. Work for grading, soiling, and seeding areas, and constructing concrete walks in the vicinity of the Lincoln Memorial was in progress. The second nine holes of the 18-hole golf course in East Potomac Park and the 9-hole course in Rock Creek Park were both completed and opened to the public. Numer- ous trees and shrubs were planted. The use of the power plant at the Washington Monument was abandoned and installation made for securing the necessary electric current from the commercial electric company. The marble statue of Abraham Lincoln was reerected in front of the United United States courthouse on a new granite pedestal. The statue of Edmund Burke presented to the United States by the Sulgrave Institution was erected in one of the public reservations and dedicated. Work for the erection by the Memorial Association of the First Division of the A. E. F. in the World War of a memorial to the dead of that division was commenced on the site selected south of the State, War, and Navy Department building, Work was also commenced by the Meade Memorial Committee of the State of Pennsylvania for the erection of the proposed memorial to General Meade in the northwest corner of the Botanic Garden grounds and the George Washington Memorial Association started work for the foundation of that memorial building at the north side of Henry Park. The permanent stone monument for the Zero Milestone was erected on the north side of the Ellipse in the White Lot by the Lee Highway Association. 1960 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Survey of northern and northwestern lakes: Revised editions of 15 charts were issued; about 21,702 charts were sold and 2,900 were issued for official use; field work was in progress on Lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior, and on the Lake of the Woods, and about 1 per cent of the projected survey work was completed. Preservation of Niagara Falls: The supervision of power companies was con- tinued. Erection of monuments and memorials: McDonough Memorials, Lake Champlain; Plattsburg, N. Y., and Vergennes, Vt.: Modified plans for the Plattsburg Memorial were prepared and approved; new bids were invited and received, but they again exceeded the amount of funds available; after conference with the Plattsburg Centenary Com- mission contract was entered into for the erection of the memorial, omitting the filling, grading, and paving, and leaving this latter work to be cared for by that commission. FUNDS NEEDED FOR MISCELLANEOUS CIVIL WORKS. The amounts which can be profitably expended during the fiscal year June 30, 1925, as indicated in the respective reports, are as follows : Prevention of deposits, harbor of New York_________________ $355, 600. 00 Survey of northern and northwestern lakes_____________________ 139, 500. 00 Construction and maintenance of roads, br'dges, and trails, Alaska ------------------ --------------------------- 1, 600, 000. 00 Buildings and grounds in and around Washington: A. (Expenditures to be paid wholly from Federal funds.) For improvement, care, and maintenance of grounds of executive departments _ _--------- 1, 000. 00 For continuing construction of sea wall between foot of New Hampshire Avenue and north building line of G Street-------------------------------------- 50, 000. 00 For constructing roads, completing sea wall, and grad- ing south and west of the Lincoln Memorial -------- 100, 000. 00 Care and maintenance of Washington Monument_____ 15, 640. 00 Care and maintenance of Lincoln Memorial ------------ 12, 040. 00 Repairs to building where Abraham Lincoln died____ 2, 000, 00 Improvements, birthplace of Washington, Wakefield, Va------------------------------------------- 15, 300. 00 Repairs, heating, etc., Executive Mansion_____________ 480, 000. 00 Improvement and maintenance of Executive Mansion grounds-------------------------------____------- 10, 000. 00 Lighting, etc., Executive Mansion___________--_______ 8, 600. 00 White House police_________-_ __- _------- 66, 810. 00 B. (Expenditures to be paid from Federal and District of Columbia funds; recommended in estimates sub- mitted by the Commissioners of the District of Colum- bia.) Washington Aqueduct, District of Columbia __-_- 180, 000. 00 Increasing water supply, District of Columbia __-__ 2, 500, 000. 00 Reclamation of Anacostia River Flats, District of Columbia------------------------------------- 370, 000. 00 Improvement and care of public grounds, District of Columbia----------------- 615, 050. 00 Lighting public grounds, District of Columbia-------- 63, 000. 00 Salaries of employees, public buildings and grounds - 151, 520. 00 Contingent expenses, public buildings and grounds___ 11, 350. 00 Total amount which can be profitably expended for miscellaneous civil works under the direction of the Chief of Engineers _-----------------------6, 747, 410. 00 RULES AND REGULATIONS. 1961 REGULATIONS TO GOVERN THE USE, ADMINISTRATION, AND NAVI- GATION OF THE NAVIGABLE WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES. Section 4 of the *river and harbor act of August 18, 1894, as amended by section 11 of the act of June 13, 1902, and section 7 of the act of August 8, 1917, delegates to the Secretary of War the duty of prescribing such regulations for the use, administration, and navigation of the navigable waters of the United States as in his judgment the public necessity may require for the protection of life and property or of operations of the United States in channel improvement, covering all matters not specifically delegated by law to some other executive department. Such regulations were pre- scribed by the Secretary of War during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1923, as follows: 1. Estherville-Minim Creek Canal between Winyah Bay and Santee River, S. C., December 13, 1922. (Supersede regulations prescribed April 20, 1907.) 2. Hell Gate, East River, N. Y., June 23, 1923. (Supersede regulations pre- scribed November 13, 1919.) REGULATIONS FOR THE PROTECTION OF LIFE AND PROPERTY IN TARGET PRACTICE. Chapter XIX of the act approved July 9, 1918, making appropria- tions for the support of the Army, authorizes and empowers the Sec- retary of War to prescribe such regulations as he may deem best for the use and navigation of any portion or area of the navigable waters of the United States or waters under the jurisdiction of the United States endangered or likely to be endanged by Coast Artillery fire in target practice or otherwise, or by the proving oper- ations of the Government ordnance proving grounds at Sandy Hook, N. J., or at any Government ordnance proving ground that may be established elsewhere on or near such waters, and of any portion or area of said waters occupied by submarine mines, mine fields, submarine cables, or other material and accessories pertaining to seacoast fortifications, or by any plant or facility engaged in the execution of any public project of river and harbor improvement. No such regulations were prescribed by the Secretary of War dur- ing the fiscal year ended June 30, 1923. The emergency regulations promulgated by the Secretary of War April 6, 1917, for the Navy firing range at Indianhead on the Potomac River, being no longer necessary, were revoked November 29, 1922. RULES AND REGULATIONS ESTABLISHED UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF AN ACT OF CONGRESS APPROVED MAY 9, 1900, FOR THE NAVI- GATION OF STREAMS ON WHICH THE FLOATING OF LOOSE TIMBER AND SACK RAFTS OF TIMBER AND LOGS IS THE PRINCIPAL METHOD OF NAVIGATION. No regulations were prescribed by the Secretary of War during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1923, under the provisions of the act of Congress approved May 9, 1900, entitled "An act authorizing the Secretary of War to make regulations governing the running of loose logs, steamboats, and rafts on certain rivers and streams," whereon the floating of loose timber and logs and sack rafts of timber and logs is the principal method of navigation. 1962 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. ESTABLISHMENT OF ANCHORAGE GROUNDS, AND RULES AND REGU- LATIONS THEREFOR, UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION 7 OF THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED MARCH 4, 1915. A statement of general action taken by the Secretary of War under section 7 of the act of March 4, 1915, and lists of the anchor- ages heretofore established by him are found in the Annual Reports of the Chief of Engineers for 1916, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1921, and 1922, at pages 1755, 1829, 1879, 1977, 2001, and 2120, respectively. Anchorage grounds were defined and established by the Secretary of War and rules and regulations in relation thereto were adopted by him during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1923, as follows: 1. Port of, New York, August 2, 1922. (Supersede previous Federal regu- lations.) 2. Hampton Roads and the harbors of Norfolk and Newport News, Va., amendment November 15, 1922, of regulations of October 18, 1921, to authorize the district engineer at Norfolk to permit anchorage outside established anchorage grounds in Eastern Branch of Elizabeth River during winter of 1922-23. 3. New Bedford Outer Harbor, Buzzards Bay, Vineyard and Nantucket Sounds, Mass., April 16, 1923. (Supersede regulations prescribed November 14, 1919, for Buzzards Bay, and regulations prescribed March 21, 1916, for Vine- yard and Nantucket Sounds.) 4. Narragansett Bay (including Newport Harbor) and Bristol Harbor, R. I., April 16, 1923. (Supersede regulations prescribed May 2, 1917, for Bristol Harbor.) 5. Potomac River, off Widewater, Va., May 24, 1923. 6. Galveston Harbor, Port Bolivar, and Texas City, Tex., June 26, 1923. (Supersede regulations prescribed September 29, 1921.) RULES AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE OPENING OF DRAWBRIDGES. Section 5 of the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894, provides that it shall be the duty of all persons owning, operating, and tending the drawbridges then built, or which might thereafter be built, across navigable rivers and other waters of the United States to open or cause to be opened the draws of such bridges under such rules and regulations as, in the opinion of the Secretary of War, the public in- terests require for the passage of vessels and other water craft. Such rules and regulations were made by the Secretary of War during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1923, as follows: 1. Presumpscot River, Portland, Me.: Martins Point Highway Bridge, August 11, 1922. 2. Flushing River, New York, N. Y.: Highway bridge known as Strong's Causeway Bridge at Rodman Street, Borough of Queens, August 15, 1922. 3. Alley Creek, New York, N. Y.: Highway bridge known as Little Neck Bridge at Broadway, Borough of Queens, August 15, 1922. 4. Willamette River at Portland, Oreg., Columbia River at Vancouver, Wash., and Oregon Slough, Wash.: Five highway and four railroad bridges, August 18, 1922. (Supersede all previous Federal regulations applying to these bridges.) 5. Yazoo and Big Sunflower Rivers, Miss.: Bridges of Columbus and Green- ville Railroad Co., September 28, 1922. 6. Ohio River and tributaries including connecting canals: All existing and future drawbridges, October 7, 1922. (Supersede all previous Federal draw- bridge regulations for these waterways.) 7. Barnegat Bay, N. J., north of Toms River; October 25, 1922. Modified February 15, 1923. 8. Roanoke River near Williamston, N. C.: Highway bridge, December 9, 1922. Modified January 26, 1923. BRIDGES OBSTRUCTING NAVIGATION. 1963 9. Supplemental regulation providing that Michigan Central Railroad bridge across Little Calumet River at Hammond, Ind., need not be opened on whistle signal during period between December 1, and March 15, each year, December 13, 1922. 10. Bridge of Southern Railway System over Savannah River at Augusta, Ga., temporarily exempted from operation of regulations of April 19, 1916, January 8, 1923. 11. New Haven Harbor, Quinnipiac and Mill Rivers, Conn.: Highway bridges operated by city of New Haven, March 20, 1923. (Supersede regulations pre- scribed March 7, 1900.) 12. Lake Washington at Barnabie Point, Mercer Island, Wash.: Highway bridge operated by King County, Wash., May 26, 1923. 13. P scataqua River between Portsmouth, N. H., and Kittery, Me.: High- way bridge, June 27, 1923. BRIDGING NAVIGABLE WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES. PLANS APPROVED BY THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS AND SECRETARY OF WAR DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1923. The approval by the Chief of Engineers and Secretary of War of plans of bridges to cross navigable waters of the United States is required by section 9 of the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1899, and by the general bridge act approved March 23, 1906. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1923, plans and maps of location of 240 bridges were approved after examination concerning their effect upon the interests of navigation. Approval in 49 cases was based upon the provisions of special acts of Congress, and in 191 cases upon the provisions of State laws. The local engineers were charged with the supervision of construction, so far as necessary to see that the bridges are built in accordance with the approved plans. BRIDGES OBSTRUCTING NAVIGATION. Whenever the Secretary of War has good reason to believe that a bridge is an unreasonable obstruction to the free navigation of navi- gable waterways of the United States, section 18 of the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1899, makes it his duty to give notice to the persons or corporations owning or controlling the structure to alter it so as to render navigation through or under it reasonably free, easy, and unobstructed, first giving the parties reasonable oppor- tunity to be heard. Under the provisions of that law, notices speci- fying necessary changes and a reasonable time for making them were issued during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1923, requiring the alter- ation of the bridges described in the following list: Notice served. Waterway and loca- Date of Work to be com- tion. notice. pleted. On- Date. Chelsea Creek, Boston Dec. 5,1921 The Boston & Albany R. Dec. 10,1921 Apr. 5, 1921; July Harbor, Mass. R., Boston, Mass. 10, 1922.1 Barnegat Bay at Man- Nov. 2,1922 Wm. H. Savage, director of Nov. 10,1922 May 1,1923. toloking, O c e a n the Board of Chosen Free- County, N. J. holders of Ocean County, N. J. Quo gue Canal at June 4,1923 Benjamin G. Halsey, super- June 13,1923 Six months from Quogue, N. Y. visor of town of South- date of notice : :ampton, N. Y. (Dec. 4, 1923). 1 Time extended by supplemental letters of Dec. 31, 1921, and July 1, 1922. 1964 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES IN THE NAVIGABLE WATERS OF TIHE UNITED STATES. Section 9 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1889, requires that plans of dams, dikes, or causeways shall be approved by the Chief of Engineers and the Secretary of War before the work of con- struction is commenced. Section 10 of the same act prohibits the creation of any obstruc- tion not affirmatively authorized by Congress to the navigable capac- ity of any of the waters of the United States, and makes it unlawful to build or commence the building of structures in such waters, or to alter or modify their course, location, condition, or capacity in any manner unless the work has been recommended by the Chief of Engineers and authorized by the Secretary of War prior to beginning the same. These laws are of great value since they protect the public interests of commerce and navigation by regulating private operations and developments, which, though undertaken with innocent intent, might endanger life and property, and detract from the benefit to be ob- tained by the public from the free use of the navigable waters of the United States, if not so regulated and supervised by Federal agents. Furthermore, they place in the hands of the officials in charge of the iniprovement of Federal waterways a power of control which makes it possible to coordinate private enterprise and public works so far as circumstances allow. The Federal water-power act approved June 10, 1920, provides in section 4 (d) that no water-power license affecting the navigable capacity of any navigable waters of the United States shall be issued until the plans of the dam or other structures affecting navigation have been approved by the Chief of Engineers and the Secretary of War. Section 2 of the act provides that the work of the Federal Water Power Commission shall be performed by and through the Departments of War, Interior, and Agriculture and their engineer- ing, technical, clerical, and other personnel, except as may be provided by law. The general instructions previously issued to district and division engineers relative to cooperation by the Engineer Depart- ment in such work, as described on page 2122 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1922, were modified during the year by changes Nos. 8 and 9, Orders and Regulations, and by Part II of Information Bulletin No. 6, 1923. The administration of those laws requires labor and study both in the department and in the district engineer offices. Each applica- tion for approval of plans for a dam, dike, or causeway, or for a permit for any other work in navigable waters, necessitates, as in the case of a proposed bridge, an investigation of the locality and a study of the plans, and of the probable effects of the proposed work, and, in case of favorable action, the issuance of a permit embodying suitable conditions to protect navigation and other public interests, and also requires supervision of the work to see that the terms of the instrument are observed. In addition, complaints against exist- ing or proposed structures or operations in navigable waters are of frequent occurrence. The labor and expense required, both in the de- partment and the local offices, to examine into and dispose of such matters are considerable. STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES. 1965 The necessary expenses for transportation and subsistence of per- sonnel engaged in investigations, and the cost of supervision under the provisions of the Federal water-power act, are paid from appro- priations made for the Federal Power Commision. All other costs of administration of the laws in question are paid in accordance with the provisions of section 6 of the river and harbor act of March 3, 1905, from any funds available for the improvement, maintenance, and operation or care of waterways or harbors affected, or, if such funds are not available, then from any funds available for exmina- tions, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors. Many struc- tures are placed in the open ocean or in other waters for the im- provement of which no appropriations are available. A part of the cost of administration, therefore, falls upon the general appropria- tion for examinations, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1923, it was found necessary to allot for such expenses from appropriations for the waterways affected and from the general appropriation about $62,638.85. Of this amount the sum of about $26,165 was for expenses connected with the authorization and regulation of fishing structures, the most costly class with which the department has to deal under this law. (A) DAMS AND DIKES, ETC., OTHER THAN WATER POWER STRUCTURES AUTHORIZED UNDER SECTION 9 OF THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT OF MARCH 3, 1899, DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1923. Applicant. Waterway. Date of au- thorization. Remarks. Remarks. Atchafalaya- Teche -Ver- Cut-off canal between Bayou Teche Sept. 26,1922. Drainage and irriga- milion Co. (Inc.). and Bayou Vermilion. tion. Albion Lumber Co...... Albion River, near Albion, Calif....... Mar. 31,1923 Log pond. Williamsport Power Co.. Potomac River, Williamsport, Md..... May 21,1923 Water supply for steam power plant. Under date of April 19, 1923, an instrument dated April 20, 1911, approving plans of a dam to be constructed under authority of State law by the Shoals Power Co. across the East Fork of White River, 14 miles below Shoals, Ind., was revoked. (B) STRUCTURES AND OPERATIONS AUTHORIZED DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1923, UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION 10 OF THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT OF MARCH 3, 1899. Action was taken on about 2,483 applications for permits for vari- ous classes of structures and operations, including jetties, wharves, bulkheads, solid filling and other reclamation works, shore protec- tion, pipe lines and water intakes, telegraph and telephone wires and cables, log booms, fish traps and pounds, dredging for sand and gravel, dredging for channel improvement, etc. (C) ACTION ON APPLICATIONS AND LICENSES UNDER FEDERAL WATER POWER ACT. Field investigations for the Federal Power Commission were made and reports submitted in connection with 40 applications, and 11 investigations were in progress at the end of the fiscal year. Opera- 1966 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, IT. S. ARMY, 1923. tions under 41 licenses were being supervised at the end of the fiscal year. Details are as follows: Status of investi- Supervision of Waterway. Name of applicant. gation at end of operations un- Remarks. fiscalyear. derpectedi- rected. Arkansas River, Okla.. Courtland P. Chenault Completed and re- Declaration of in- port made tention. Bayou Cocodrie, La..... Louisiana Gravity Ca- Jan. 23,1922Preliminary per- nal Co. mit. Project 172. Bayou Courtableau or .....do................ do...... .... Do. Cocodrie, La., near Washington. ]Mayou Nezpique, La., at ..... do................ ..... do....... Do. Chaumonts Ferry Big Pigeon River, N. C.. C. Boice.......... Pending......... Blackwater Creek, Fla.. A. Read Bingham.. Oct. 18,1921 Preliminary per- mit revoked by Federal Power Commission Nov. 25, 1922. Project 55. Cacapon River, W. Va.. Cacapon Electric Co... Completed and re- ... port made. Calcasieu River, La., Louisiana Gravity Ca- ................... Jan. 23,1922 Preliminary per- about 7 miles above nal Co. mit. Project 172. mouth of Benedicks Creek. Calcasieu River, La., at ..... do.............. ... do........ Do. Jones Bluff. Cheat River and tribu- West Virginia Power Completed and re- ............... Project 343. taries, W. Va. & Transmission Co. port made. Chipola River, Fla.... Marianna Light & ..... do............ Power Co. Chipola River near Benjamin H. Harda- Sept. 21, 1922 Preliminary per- Altha, Fla. way. mit. Project 303. Chippewa River, Wis., Wisconsin- Minnesota Aug. 25,1921 License. Project Sawyer County. Light & Power Co. 108. Choctawhatchee River, City of Dothan....... Nov. 24,1922 License. Project Ala. 52. Choctawhatchee River Benjamin H. Harda- Apr. 21,1922 Preliminary per- near Geneva, Ala. way. mit. Project 262. Choctawhatchee River Houston Power Co.... Sept. 20,1922 Preliminary per- near Newton Ala. mit. Project 276. Clarion River,1Pa.,about Clarion River Power Completed and re- Mar. 5,1923 Preliminary per- 2 miles above mouth. Co. port made. mit. Project 317. Clarion River, Pa., 1 ..... do............ ..... do............ Oct. 27,1922 License. Project miles above bridge of 309. Lake Erie, Franklin & Clarion R. R. Clarion River, Pa., ap- ..... do................do............ Mar. 5,1923 Preliminary per- proximately 2 miles mit. Project 316. upstream from conflu- ence with Mill Creek. Clinch River, Tenn..... Tennessee Electric Pending. .. Power Co. Columbia River, Wash., Hugh L. Cooper....... Completed and re- Grand Coulee. port made. Columbia River, Wash., Washington W at e r Aug. 11, 1922 Preliminary per- Kettle Falls. Power Co. mit. Project 229. Columbia River, Wash., Washington Irrigation May 25,1921 Preliminary per- Priest Rapids. & Development Co. mit. Project 3. Conecuh River, Ala ..... River Falls Power Co. Completed and re- port made. Connecticut R i v e r, The Connecticut River Nov. 26, 1921 Preliminary per- Conn., near foot of Co. mit. Project 173. Enfield Rapids. Coosa River Ga. and Ala. Alabama Power Co... ................... July 29,1921 Project 82. Cumberland River, Ky., Cumberland Hydro- Pending....................... Project 389. Two above Burnside. electric Power Co. sites on Cumber- land River and one on South Fork. Cumberland River,Ky., ..... do....................do.......................... Project 389. One South Fork. site on South Fork and two on Cumberland River above Burnside. Do....... ... S. A. Tescher......... Completed andre-.......... port made. Current River, Mo. .. Western Tie & Tim- ................. Sept. 8,1921 Preliminary per- ber Co. mit. Project 17. STRUCTURES OTHER THAN BRIDGES. 1967 Status of investi- Supervision of Waterway. Name of applicant. gation at end of peratiodi- Remarks. fiscal year. rected. rected Des Moines River, Iowa, City of Oskaloosa...................... Apr. 10,1922 Preliminary per- below Harvey. mitProject 268. Des Plaines River, Ill. (See Illinois and Des Plaines Rivers.) Eleven Point River,Ark. Morrison & McCall.... Completed and re- Declaration of in- port made. tention. Flathead River., Mont., Flathead Valley Elec- ..... do............ at Poison. tric Co. Do................. Montana Water Power .... do............ & Electric Co. Do................. Rocky Mountain ------------------ do.......... Power Co. Fox River, Ill........... State of Illinois........ Aug. 16,1921 Preliminary per- mit. Project No. 287. Grand (Neosho) River, Public Service Co. of Pending.......... Declaration of in- SOkla. Oklahoma. tention. Holston River, Tenn.... Holston River Power ....do........... Co. Hudson River, N. Y., at Henry Ford & Son Apr. 1, 1921 License. Project Troy Dam. (Inc.) 13. Illinois and Des Plaines State of Illinois........ Jan. 27, 1922 Preliminary per- P Rivers, Ill. mit. Project 48. James River, Mo....... Town of Galena....... Completed and re- Declaration of in- port made. tention. Juniata River, Pa...... Gannett, Seelye & ..... do............ Project 336. Carpenter. Kentucky River, Ky.... Winchester Water- Pending.......... works Co. Lewis River, Wash..... Northwestern Elec- Dec. 4,1922 Preliminary per- tric Co. mit. Project 264. Licking River, Ky...... S. A. Tescher......... Completed and re- port made. Lbosahatchee River..... C. H. Van Dresser.... Pending........... Declaration of in- tention. Mississippi River inlvi- St. Cloud Public Serv- July 7,1922 Preliminary per- cinity of Clearwater, ice Co. mit. Project 285. Minn. Mississippi River, Mor- Little Falls Water Completed and re- Project 365. rison County, Minn. Power Co. port made. Do............. ..... do............. ..... do.......... Project 366. Do............. Pike Rapids Power Co. Completed and re- Project 346. port made. Mississippi River in vi- Northern States Power July 7, 1922 Preliminary per- cinity of Otsego and Co. mit. Project 250. Monticello, Minn. Mississippi River at Ford Motor Co....... Completed and re- June 21, 1923 License. Project Twin City Lock and port made. 362. Dam, Minn. Muskingum River, Dam McConnellsville-Malta Sept. 8,1921 License. Project ENo. 7, Ohio. Electric Co. 166. Muskingum River, Dam Columbus, Newark & Pending.......... No. 10, Zanesville, Zanesville Electric Ohio. Ry. Co. New River, W. Va...... Charles B. Hawley.... Nov. 15,1921 Preliminary per- mit. Project 223. Do.................. Virginia Power Co.... Completed and re- Project 379. port made. New York State Barge Hydraulic Race Co.... Apr. 19,1921 Preliminary per- rCanal. mit. Project 15. Niagara River........... Lower Niagara River ..... do....... Preliminary per- Power & Water Sup- mit. Project 24. ply Co. Do................ The Niagara Falls Mar. 19,1921 License. Project Power Co. 16. Nolichucky River, Tenn. Leroy Park..... .. Pending........ Ohio .River, Louisville, City of Louisville..... Completed and re- Project 319. i Ky port made. Oklawaha River, Fla.... Oklawaha Reclama- Jan. 13,1922 Preliminary per- tion Farms. mit. Project 177. Osage River, Mo........ W. R. Banks......... Mar. 31,1922 Preliminary per- mit. Project 21. Ouachita River, Ark.... Arkansas Light & Completed and re- May 2,1923 License. Project Power Co. (by trans- port made. 271. fer from Caddo River Power & Irrigation Co.). Pea River near Geneva, Benjamin H. Harda- .................... Apr. 21, 1922 | Preliminary per- Ala. way. mit. Project 266. 61637--ENG 1923--124 1968 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Supervision of Status of investi- operations Waterway. Name of applicant. gation at end of der permit un di- Remarks. fiscal year. rected. 1 1 i 1 Pemigewasset River, Utilities Power Co. ... Completed and re- ... N. H. port made. Perdido River, Fla...... A. Reed Bingham.................... Oct. 18, 1921 Project 55. Pre- liminary permit revoked by Fed- eral Power Com- mission Nov. 25, 1922. Pigeon River, Minn..... Pigeon River Lumber Completed and re- Co. port made. Powell River, Tenn..... Tennessee Electric Pending.......... Power Co. Rio Grande, Tex.....:.. R. W. Morrison....'.. Completed and re- port made. Roanoke River, Va...... Roanoke River Devel- July 29,1921 Preliminary per- opment Co. mit. Project 7. Rum River, Minn....... Waconia Light & Completed a nd Power Co. report made. St. Croix River, Wis., in St. Croix Falls Wis- Jan. 15,1923 Preliminary per- vicinity of Taylors consin Improvement mit. Project 310. Falls and Pine City. Co. St. Joseph River, Mich.. Michigan Hydro-Elec- Completed and re- Project 401. tric Power Co. port made. Do................. Indiana & Michigan ..... do.......... Electric Co.,Fred. A. Bryan, president. Santee and Cooper Riv- Columbia Railway & .................... Sept. 27, 1921 Preliminary per. ers, S. C., proposed Navigation Co. mit. Project No. navigable and water 199. power canal between. Snake River at Five Burbank Irrigation Completed and re- Project No. 380. Mile Rapids, Wash. District No. 4. port made. Snake River, Idaho, Pacific Power & Light ..... do........... Project No. 293. Oreg., Wash. Co. Spring River, Ark....... Imboden Hydroelec- ....do............Apr. 18,1923 Preliminary per - tric Co. mit. Project No. 358. Do................. Morrison & McCall.... ..... do........... Declaration of in- tention. Styx River, Fla........ A. Reed Bingham..... . Oct. 18,1921 Project No. 55. Pre- liminary permit revoked by Fed- eral Power Com- mission, Nov. 25, 1922. Susquehanna Rive r, Susquehanna Power Completed and re- Project No. 405. Md., near Conowingo. Co. port made. Susquehanna River, Pa., Charles E. Schaup...... o......do...... Project No. 323. at head of Sassafras Island. Tallapoosa River at Alabama Interstate ..... do.............. June 27,1923 License. Project Cherokee Bluffs, Ala. Power Co. No. 349. Wallenpaupack River, Pennsylvania Power Pending......... Pa. & Light Co. White River, Ark., Buf- Dixie Power Co ....... Completed and re- Project No. 225. falo Fork. port made. ............... Whiskey Chitto Creek, Louisiana Gravity .................... Jan. 23, 1922 Preliminary per- La. Canal Co. mit. Project No. 172. White River, Ark., near Dixie Power Co....... .................... Apr. 4,1921 Preliminary per- Cotter. mit. Project No. 1. White River, Ark., Maxfield, E a r nhart, Pending:......... Project No. 394. Dam No. 1. Maxfield and Ward. White River, Ark., ..... do............ Completed and re- Project No. 286. Dam No. 2. port made. White River, Ark., Dixie Power Co...... July 6,1922 Project No. 214. North Fork. White River, Mo....... Empire District Elec- Completed and re- Mar. 15,1923 Project No. 324. tric Co. port made. Withlacoochee River.... The Cove Co.......... Application re- jected. Investi- gation discon- tinued. Wolf River, Tenn...... C. H. Van Dresser.... Pending.......... Declaration of in- tention. Yellowstone River at Joseph B. Leighton... Aug. 4,1922 Project No. 109. Buffalo Rapids, Mont. ELECTRIC POWER SURVEY. 1969 Allotments and expenditures. Canceled Out- Balance Balance. Allotted. or Expended. standbilng avail- refunded. ties. ties. able. Federal Power Commission appropri- ations................................ $2,898.73 $4,503.10 $2,528.92 $2,029.70 $88.00 $2,755.21 War Department appropriations...... 137. 79 8, 001.96 ........ 7367.65 380.00 392. 10 Total ........................... 3,036. 52 12,505.06 2,528.92 9,397.35 468.00 3,147.31 ELECTRIC POWER SURVEY OF THE UNITED STATES. A survey of the electric power plants and resources of the United States was commenced during the fiscal year 1922, under authority of the national defense act of June 4, 1920. It is hoped by this means to obtain' information and to develop plans which will enable the Government to utilize all available electric power in time of war,"and to assure fair and efficient distribution to industries engaged in work essential to the prosecution of hostilities. During the World War the Government established a measure of such control over electric power, as described in War Department Document No. 1039, " The Power Situation During the War." The present survey is based upon and is planned in furtherance of the experiences therein de- scribed. Maj. G. R. Young, Corps of Engineers, was in general charge of this work during the year. The objects of the survey are to collect data on existing power plants of over 1,000-horsepower capacity; to establish contact with the principal men in the power-production business; to seek the co- operation of producers in so planning their extensions and new developments as best to meet war-time needs; to ascertain the possi- bilities of increased power development in combination with naviga- tion improvement, flood control, or otherwise; and to ascertain the best system for the Government to adopt for developing power resources and for administering power distribution in a national emergency. Especial emphasis is being laid on close cooperation with the large power producers and interests, as it is realized that only in this manner can a successful system be devised. A circular and schedule of instructions along these lines, for the prosecution of the survey by the district engineers of this department, were prepared in consultation with officials of the National Electric Light Associa- tion, represented by their public relations committee. Duplication of work done by other Government bureaus is being avoided, and every effort is made to utilize existing data to the fullest extent prac- ticable. The study is not taking the form of costly field investiga- tions, but is being conducted by personal conferences and correspond- ence with power producers with little or no cost beyond occasional trips to large power centers. Contact has been made with the principal local interests, and col- lection of data is under way. The National Electric Light Associa- tion and the principal concerns approached realize the importance and value of the work and are cooperating in a gratifying manner. It is expected that in the coming year sufficient data will have been collected and collated to make possible the adoption of a definite- 1970 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. general project for emergency control of electric power, and for the necessary peace-time preparations therefor. This project will be closely coordinated with the war-time procurement plans being pre- pared by other agencies of the War Department. ESTABLISHMENT OF HARBOR LINES. Under authority given to the Secretary of War in section 11 of the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1899, harbor lines have been established or modified during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1923, at the following localities: Date of Locality. Action. appro- val. 1922. East River, foot of Hudson Street, Brooklyn, N. Y......... Modification................. Aug. 23 Harlem River, High Bridge to Hudson River, New York City... New map ................ Aug. 23 Bronx River, New York City ................ ................ Modification .................. Sept. 19 Norfolk Harbor at Moseley Creek, Va ......................... .....do......................... Oct. 2 Biscayne Bay, Miami, Fla. (north shore)...................... Establishment................. Oct. 3 Eastchester Bay, N. Y..................................... Modification .................. Oct. 5 Thames River, New London Harbor, Conn ................. Revision and new map........ Oct. 27 Hudson River at Troy, N. Y................................ Correction of reference data.... Nov. 10 Gowanus Bay and vicinity, Brooklyn, N. Y............ ......... Revision and new map........ Nov. 11 Staten Island, Oakwood to Wards Point, N. Y................ .....do..................... Nov. 14 Stamford Harbor, Conn......... ..................... ....do.................. Dec. 5 1923. East River at Halletts Point N. Y.................. ..... Modification .................. Jan. 3 San Francisco Bay, Mission Rock and vicinity ................. .....do............. ........ Jan. 8 San Francisco Bay, Richmond Harbor, Calif ................ .....do...... ............ Feb. 2 Biscayne Bay, Miami, Fla. (south shore) ............. ..... Establishment................ Feb. 16 Boston Harbor at Governors Island. .............. ..... Modification.. ................ Mar. 6 Passaic River at Kearney, N. J...................... .....do........................ Apr. 2 Newark Bay, N. J.... .......................... Modifications and new map... May 19 East River College Point to Willetts Point, N. Y.......... New map.................... May 28 Great Kills, Staten Island, N. Y .......................... Modification ................. June 27 REMOVING SUNKEN VESSELS OR CRAFT OBSTRUCTING OR ENDAN- GERING NAVIGATION. Sections 19 and 20 of the river and harbor act approved March 3, 1899, authorize the Secretary of War to remove any sunken vessel, boat, water craft, raft, or other similar obstruction endangering or obstructing navigation in the navigable waters of the United States. By order of the Secretary of War dated January 20, 1905, the dis- trict engineers Engineer Department at Large, are charged with local responsibility for such work as agents of the Secretary of War. Under a plan approved by the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Treasury in March, 1913, provision is made for cooperation of the Coast Guard with district engineers in the execution of that duty. The operations during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1923, were as follows: REMOVING SUNKEN VESSELS. 1971 Wrecks removed, being removed, or investigated. Class. Gross tonnage Locality, work.df Cost Remarks. Remarks. Name. PROVIDENCE, R. I., DISTRICT. Vermillion........j Barge...........I 1, 208About 31 miles (1) Examination in ENE. j E. from April, 1923, showed Montauk Point that wreck had Light Station,N.Y. disappeared. Yale Blue....... Wooden box 339 21 miles southwest $172. 37 Examination in Feb- I barge. of Point No Point, ruary. 1923. showed Stratford, Conn. no obstruction to navigation. NEW YORK, FIRST DISTRICT. Mohawk......... Cutter........... 1,1i8 Atlantic Ocean 4 70. 67 Obstructive portions nautical m iles only removed southeast by south under contract, to from Ambrose 60 feet below mean Channel Lig h t- low water. ship. Malden.......... Steamship....... 5,107 Entrance to Block 40,064. 76 Obstructive portions Island Sound, N. only removed Y. under contract, to 31 feet below mean low water. Nora Kenny...... Canal boat...... 106 Hudson River, at 1, 200. 00 Removed by Gov- Troy, N. Y. ernment plant. Sold for $200. Kaskaskea........ Steamer.......... Narrows, New York 6. 17 Wreck near shore, Harbor. not a menace to navigation. Unknown........ Dredge and Orowoc Creek, Long 955.00 Removed under con- scow. Island, N. Y. tract. Do.......... Towboat ........ Newtown Creek, N. 1,050. 00 Do. Y. Glasco........... Barge........ Hudson River at Sank in about 60 Poughkeepsie, N. feet depth; remo- Y. val not necessary. Unknown... Canal boat...... Hudson River at 825.00 Remo ved under in- Edgewater, N. J. formal proposal. Do.......... Deck scow ..... Hudson River at 60.62 Removed by Gov- Albany, N. Y. ernment plant. Edward........ Tugboat....... 39 East Ris er, N. Y... Removed by owners. John T. Hughes.. Barge........... 490 Hell Gate, East Removed by owners River, N. Y. and underwriters. Marion.......... Tugboat ....... 22 Hudson River at Removed by Gov- Breaker Island, ernment plan t. N.Y. Cost not yet de- termined. U. S. No. 117.... Canal boat...... 303 Hudson River at 2,100.00 Removed under con- Troy, N. Y. tract. S. N. Co. No. 33 ..... do........... Hudson River near Removed by Gov- Albany, N. Y. ernment plant. Cost not yet de- termined. Alford............ Barge...................... Hudson River at 18. 27 Wreck is near shore; Edgewater, N. J. removal is not con- sidered necessary. H. F. Hay ward.. Coal boat...... East River, N. Y... Removed by owners. Toe............ do........ ..... .....do......... Do. Thomas K....... Deck scow...... Hudson River above Do. Rockland Lake, N. Y. H. C. Rowe & Co. Steamer......... 500 Shelter Island Sound Being emoved un- der contract. Unknown ........ Barge .......... Jamaica ............ Bay at Wreck is near shore, Hamilton Beach, and not a menace N.Y. to navigation. Do.......... Airplane barge ............. Upper New York Removed by Navy Bay opposite Department. Dyckman Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Aurora.......... Barge.......... .......... Gravesend Bay, N. 715.00 Removed under con- Y. tract. Metropolitan re- moved and dis- Metropolitan No. .....do......... 935 East River, N. Y... 17ny....... posed of. Albany Albany .......... removed but not do........... ..... 659 ..... do........ ........... disposed of. Work -i ""'~i-'~' not completed. I No expenditures. 1972 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Wrecks removed, being removed, or investigated--Continued. i i , i Class. Gross Locality. Cost of Remarks. Name. tonnage. work. NEW YORK, FIRST DISTRICT-COn. Ames............ Coal boat.................... Hudson River, New Removed by owners. York City. Cargo'of Atlas No. Newtown Creek, N. 1, 600.00 Part of wreckage and 3. Y. cargo removed by Government plant. Mary Monk..... Coal barge...... 322 East River, N. Y............. Sunk in about 75 feet of water and was not thereafter lo- cated. Was aban- doned to the United States. Edith M. Kill... Canal boat...... ......... ..... do.......... 650.00 Removed by Gov- ernment plant. Edward J........ Barge.......... ....... Hudson River, New 68.00 Found adrift and se- York City. cured to dock by U. S. lighter; later removed by owner. Cornelius Van Tugboat ....... 41 East River, N. Y.... 107.00 Wreck not located Cott after sinking. Despatcn......... ... '.do ......... 127 Newtown Creek,N.Y . Removed by owners. Black Diamond.. Coal boat....... Upper New York 1.25 Not located after Bay, N. Y. sinking. DorothygMay..... .... do......... 432 ..... do............. 2.50 Removed by owners. Unknown........ Scow.......... ..... do.............. Found floating; final- ly washed up on shore at Brooklyn, and became firmly embedded in sand. Harrison...... Coal boat....... ................... 1.25 Removed by owners. J. J. Duffy...... .....do.... Hudson River, near 3.75 Do. Edgewater, N. J.. E. R. Dunbar... ... do......... Hudson River, New 1.25 Do. York City. B. B. No. 9......Scow........... New York Harbor, . Not yet removed. N. Y. Unknown........ Barge........... Hudson River, New . Reported floating York City. partly submerged. Steamer Manisees was unable to find it. Edgar Lee........ Canal boat...... West Farms Creek, . Removed by owners. N. Y. Castor.......... Tugboat ....... 73 Hudson River, New . Do. York City. Valhalla......... Coal boat....... Upper New York . Notlocatedaftersink- Bay, N. Y. ing. Frances J.Reich- Tugboat ........ 72 ..... do........... Removed by owners. ert. Cedar Hill No. 3... Coal barge ...... 272 East River, N. Y... Do. Unknown........ Scow............ Port Jefferson Har- . Not a menace to nav- bor, N. Y. igation. Sara A. Johnson.. Coal boat....... 412 Upper New York . Removed by owners. Bay, N. Y. Unknown...... Catamaran..... Hudson River, New . Investigated by own- York City. ers; not found. Tugboat....... Condor .......... 187 Hempstead Harbor, . Removed by owners. N. Y. Faith........... Barge........... ...do........ ... Do. Ames............ Coal barge...... Off Conover Street, Do. Brooklyn, N. Y. Scally............ Eagle boat...... East River, off 13.75 Do. Whitestone, N. Y. Unknown........ Deck scow...... Westchester Creek, 5.34 Not yet removed by N.Y. owners. NEW YORK, SECOND DISTRICT. Seneca ........... Steamboat...... 150 Shrewsbury River 900.00 Emergency contract. at Highlands, N. J. LizzieV. Hall.... 3 - mast e d 195 Arthur Kill off Port 900.00 Do. schooner. Reading N. J. Leader........ Steamboat ..... 100 Passaic River at 1,100.00 Do. Newark, N. J. Margaret Marston Barge...... 600 Upper New York 700.00 Do. Bay at Bedloes Island. REMOVING SUNKEN VESSELS. 1973 Wrecks removed, being removed, or inestigated-O--ontinued. Gross i Cost of Name. Class. tonnage. Locality. work. Remarks. NEW YORK, SECOND DISTRICT-COn. Mohawk........ Steamboat...... 535 Kill Van Kull at 4,500.00 Emergency contract. Bayonne, N. J. Woco No. 176..... Deck scow...... 300 Arthur Kill near 500.00 Do. Pralls Island. Unknown........ .... do.......... 300 ..... do.......... 450.00 Written proposal and acceptance. Edward J......... Covered barge... 500 Arthur Kill near 650.00 Written proposai Woodbridge and acceptance. Creek. Charlotte A. 4-masted 668 False Hook Shoal, Emergency contract. Maxwell. schooner. Atlantic Ocean off Sandy Hook, N. J. Helen.......... Barge........... 60 Kill van Kull at 300.00 Government plant. Bayonne, N. J. PHILADELPHIA DIS- TRICT. Katahdin......... Steamship... 1,380 Delaware .River 26, 620. 72 Broken up with dy- near Chester, Pa. namite and parts placed on shore above high water. Prospect.......... ..... do........... 188 Delaware River, in 1,750.00 Do. Essington Harbor, Pa. Helen of Phila- Lighter ....... 210 Delaware River 500.00 Do. delphia. near Mantua Creek, N. J. WILMINGTON, DEL., DISTRICT. Beachwood and Barges.......... B., un- Atlantic Ocean, on Destroyed by U. S. Passaic. known; line between Fen- Coast Guard. P., 552. wick and Winter Quarter Lightship. Ithaca..............I Tug............ 105 Atlantic Ocean, 3 Not found. Light- miles south by house Department west from Abse- requested to mark con Light. site. U. S. S. Albert Brown. l.....do.......... Unknown. Cold Spring Harbor, N. J. 256.62 Removed at request of Navy Depart- ment. Expenses to be reimbursed by Navy Department. Barge No. 19 Scow............ Unknown. Chincoteague Inlet, 762. 47 Removed by use of (Mar yland Va. explosives. Dredg. Co.). Right Arm....... Tug ......... 298 Atlantic Ocean, east 84. 22 Do. of entrance to Absecon Inlet, N. J. Wellesley......... Barge....... Unknown. Atlantic Ocean, 31 ......... I Not found. miles southwest of Northeast End Lightship. Crew Levick...... Oil barge........ Unknown. Atlantic Ocean 13 ......... I Destroyed by U. S. miles from Fen- Coast Guard. wick Island° Light, bearing 17 true. Essex............. Tug.......... 389 Atlantic Ocean, 6 to U. S. Coast Guard 7 miles southeast requested to re- from tank at Beach move. Haven, N. J. BALTIMORE, MD., DISTRICT. Emma Virginia... Schooner........ 41 Off Deal Island in 547.10 Tangier Sound, Md. Pearl.............. .. do.......... 35 Black Walnut Har- 419.25 bor, Md. John Bradley..... ..... do..... 41 Annapolis Harbor, 846. 15 Md. 1974 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Wreelcks removed, being removed, or investigated-Continued. Gross Locality. Cost of Remarks. Name. Class. tonnage. work. I I I WASHINGTON DIS- TRICT. Olive Branch..... Schooner........ 9 Anacostia River D. 350.00 Government plant. C., opposite U. S. Navy Yard. Piledriver No. 14. Piledriver....... Unknown. Potomac River near 650.00 Do. Smith Point Light- house. U. S. target A Navy Depart- 2, 250 Chesapeake Bay at 1,120.00 Examination made (ex-Katahdin). ment ram. end of Rappahan- and report sub- nock Spit, Va. mitted. Fenimore ........ Sid e-w heel 1,634 York River below 11,000.00 Government plant. steamer. Gloucester Point, Va. NORFOLK DISTRICT. Maria Borges.... Sailing ship..... 1,908 Hampton Roads, 17,248.44 Emergency contract. Va. Brewster ......... Steamer......... 516 James River, Va.... 10, 164. 80 Do. Bo-Peep.......... ..... do......... 27 Willoughby Bay, 273.83 Written notice and Va. acceptance. Lucretia ......... Barge........ 285 Norfolk Harbor, Va. 2, 647. 58 Emergency contract. CHARLESTON DISTRICT. Phoebe Crosby... Auxiliary 1, 106 South Jetty-Win- 15. 91 Government plant. schooner. yah Bay, 15 miles from Georgetown, S. C. Cubwood......... Steamer........ 2,799 Be ched on Hor Is- Beached on island. land, CooperRi- er, Charleston Harbor, S. C. JACKSONVILLE DISTRICT. Thomas B. Gar- Schooner........ 348 Tampa Bay, Fla., 2, 200.00 Government plant land. Hendry & Knight and hired labor. Channel. Iris............... Yacht........... 32 Tampa Bay, Fla., 500.00 Do. South of Pinelos Point. Accacia........... Schooner....... Key West Harbor... 368. 33 Contract. Wrecks Nos. 2, Schooners, Hillsboro River, Fla. 3, 175.00 Do. 4-9, and 12. launches, barges. 2 lighters......... Lighters....... Black Creek, Fla.... 500.00 Government plant and hired labor. MONTGOMERY DISTRICT. Golden State..... 4-mast schooner. 1,000 Pensacola Harbor, 2,723.21 Do. Fla. MOBILE DISTRICT. No. 631............ Wooden coal 525 Black Warrior River 500. 00 Dynamited and re- barge. at Stephens Bluff, moved by snag 3.4 miles below boat. Lock No. 7. NEW ORLEANS DISTRICT. Pleasure Bay .... Steamboat ..... 378 Chefuncte River, 227. 08 Destroyed and re- one-half mile above moved by U. S. Madisonville La. dredge. Ella......... Steam towboat, 42 Bayou Vermillion, 705. 66 Do. stern wheel. 6 miles below Ab- beville, La. ST. LOUIS DISTRICT. No name......... Barge........... 600 Shotwell, 20 miles 75.00 Destroyed. above New Mad- rid, Mo. REMOVING SUNKEN VESSELS. 1975 Wrecks removed, being removed, or investigated--Continued. Gross Locality. Cost of tonage. work Femarks. ST. LOUIS DISTRICT- continued. Bart Tully ...... Towboat....... 63 Craighead Point, 5 476.00 Assisted owner in miles above 1Ful- unsuccessful effort ton, Tenn. to raise. No name......... Barge ...-...... 600 Golden Lake, 15 125.00 Destroyed. miles below Ful- ton, Tenn. Do...........do......... 600 Random Shot, 20 75.00 Do. miles below Ful- ton, Tenn. Do........... ..... do.......... 400 Vicksburg, Miss..... 75.00 Do. Do.......... .....do.. ........ 600 do.......... 50.00 ..... Do. Do......... Landing dock... 60 .....do.............. 200.00 Do. Do........... Barge.......... 450 Kempe Bend, 35 300.00 Assisted owner in miles above unsuccessful effort Natchez, Miss. to raise. Percy Swain...... Packet.......... 90 Lake St. John, 20 750.00 Partly destroyed af- miles above ter assisting owner Natchez, Miss. in unsuccessful ef- fort to raise. Margery 3........ Gasoline launch. 33 Natchez, Miss....... 175.00 Raised. Gen. T. L. Casey. Towboat....... 450 Mouth of Red River, 475. 00 Removed timber pre- La. vious work had failed to destroy. Ben Humphreys.. Snag boat....... 2 6 Angola, La. (oppo- 482.00 Partly destroyed; re- site mouth ofRed moved all parts River). above surface of surrounding sand bar. No name......... Levee building 300 do............ 662.00 ..... Do. machine. ROCK ISLAND DISTRICT. Unknown........ Barge.......... 70 -Mississippi River, 81.38 Government plant. about 31 miles be- low Muscatine, Iowa. Do.......... Ponton........ 10 Mississippi River at 235.00 Do. Fountain City, Wis. CHATTANOOGA DISTRICT. James N. Trigg... Steamer......... 166 Tennessee River at 350.00 Government plant Chattanooga,Tenn. and hired labor. HUNTINGTON, W. VA., DISTRICT. Unknown .. Barge ........... 458 Kanawha River at Do .......... Flatboat 235 Leon, W. Va. 498.34 Destroyed. CINCINNATI DISTRICT. Morning Star..... Passenger steam- 495Ohio River, Cincin- 4,181.64 Removed by U. S. er. nati, Ohio. snagging plant. Island Queen..... ...do...... 1,446 ..... do.............. 6,272.46 Do. Tacoma.......... Packet.......... 276 ..... do........... 2, 090.82 Do. Jim Woods....... Towboat........ 525 Ohio River Lock 217.48 Do. and Dam No. 33. Admiral Dewey... ... do............ 152 Ohio River at Ash- 97.04 Do. land, Ky. MILWAUKEE DISTRICT. Norlond.......... Steamer......... 522 Lake Michigan, 5z 936.82 miles southeaster. ly from entrance Milwaukee Har- bor, Wis. CHICAGO DISTRICT. Frank Leighton...I Sailing .......... 300 N. Branch, Chicago Removed by city of River. Chicago at request of district engineer. Lake Forest...... ... do........... 300 ... do............. Do. Rembha.......... Steam............ 58 .... do.............. Do. SEstimated. 1976 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Wrecks removed, being removed, or investigated--Continued. Gross Cost of Name. Class. tonage. Locality. work. Remarks. DETROIT DISTRICT. John F. Eddy.... Tow barge..... 1,678 Lake Erie, about 12 8,192.60 Emergency contract. miles from Detroit River Light. Annie Laura..... Steamer........ 244 St.Clair River,about 1, 426.22 Do. t mile above St. Clair Flats Canal. Maude............ Steam tug...... 19 Lake St. Clair, about 2, 540. 33 Open-market agree- 3 miles from St. ment. Clair Flats Canal. Ogemaw.......... Steamer....... 594 St. Clair River, about 2, 291.98 Oral agreement. 9 miles above St. Clair Flats Canal. F. M. Knapp..... Schooner........ 384 Black River at Port 500. 00 Public notice, sealed Huron, Mich. proposal. BUFFALO DISTRICT. James H. Shrigley Steamer......... 459 1I miles westerly 6, 000. 00 from Braddock Point, Lake On- tario. John J. Barlum... Barge.......... 1,184 31 miles northeast- 4,183.00 erly from San- dusky Bay, Lake Erie. Mecosta........ Steamer........ 1,776 Cleveland H., Lake 8, 000.00 Erie. Arizona........-.. .do........... 765 Cape Vincent Har- 8, 500.00 bor, St. Lawrence River. SAN FRANCISCO, SECOND DISTRICT. America.......... Clamshell dredge. 1,636 Sacramento River, 4,990.15 about 50 miles above the City of Sacramento. Dakota........... Barge........... 546.44 Sacramento Harbor. 1,979.51 PORTLAND, SECOND DISTRICT. Welsh Prince..... Steamship ..... 8,500 Columbia River (Har- 1,090.75 In progress. rington Point). SEATTLE DISTRICT. Dot (small fishing Launch......... Willapa Harbor, 75. 00 Government plant. boat, tonnage near Bay Center, unknown). Wash. JUNEAU, ALASKA, DISTRICT. Chas. E. Moody... Ship............ 2,004 Kvichak Bay (S. W. ........... Investigated. Alaska). PORTO RICO DISTRICT. Unknown........ Barge.......... Unknown. San. R.Juan Harbor, 386.00 Oral agreement. Do............. ... do....... .. ..... SUPERVISION OF THE HARBOR OF NEW YORK. Supervisor.-Capt. P. N. Olmsted, United States Navy. Under the provisions of section 5 of the act of June 29, 1888 (25 Stats. 210), a line officer of the Navy is designated to discharge, under the direction of the Secretary of War, the duties created by the act. On May 23, 1889, the Secretary of War directed that all communications in connection with these duties be addressed to him through the office of the Chief of Engineers, and on February 1, SUPERVISION OF THE HARBOR OF NEW YORK. 1977 1890, he further directed that the powers conferred upon him by the act be exercised through the Chief of Engineers. LIST OF WORKS AND DUTIES. Page. Page. Notices 1-----------------------983 Floating plant 1----------------9 Material moved ____________ 1983 Office ------------------------ 1986 Patrol ------------------------ 1985 Reporting violations of law___ 19S6 Checking ------------------- 1985 Oil pollution -------- 1988 LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION. The jurisdiction of the supervisor extends to the tidal waters of the harbor of New York and its adjacent and tributary waters and those of Long Island Sound. For latest published map of the tidal waters of Long Island Sound and Fishers Island Sound, see United States Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 51, 52, and 1108. For latest published map of the tidal waters of New York Harbor and tributary waters, Newark Bay, Staten Island Sound, etc., see United States Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 52, 369, and 1108; and Hudson River to Troy, see United States Coast and Geodetic Survey charts Nos. 281-284 and 369. ORIGINAL CONDITION. Prior to the enactment of the law of June 29, 1888, authorizing the supervision of dumping operations, New York Harbor suffered extensive deterioration by the indiscriminate dumping of dredgings, garbage, ashes, and cinders from steam vessels, and other waste mat- ter, in every part of the harbor and the waters connected with it. As a result it was found necessary, in numerous instances, to dredge and remove, at considerable expense to the United States, waste ma- terial from important channels. PREVIOUS PROJECTS. Supervision of the harbor was authorized and the office of super- visor was created by act of Congress approved June 29, 1888, en- titled " An act to prevent obstructive and injurious deposits within the harbor and adjacent waters of New York City, by dumping or otherwise, and to punish and prevent such offenses " (25 Stats. 209). Additional powers and duties were conferred on the supervisor by section 2 of the river and harbor act of August 18, 1894 (28 Stats. 360), which section prescribes that it shall be unlawful to engage in fishing or dredging for shellfish in any of the channels leading to or from the harbor of New York or to interfere in any way with the safe navigation of such channels by ocean steamships and ships of deep draft. The functions and powers of the supervisor were further extended by amendments as follows to the act of June 29, 1888: Section 3 of the act of August 18, 1894 (28 Stats. 360), confers power to arrest and take into custody any persons violating the law in the presence of the supervisor or his inspectors; to arrest witnesses to unlawful dumping; to go on board any scows loaded with prohibited matter and accompany same to place of dumping when such action seems 1978 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. necessary; and to enter oil and gas works or other manufacturing works for the purpose of discovering the disposition made of sludge, acid, or other injurious material. Section 8 of the act of May 28, 1908 (35 Stats. 426), entitled "An act to amend the laws relating to navigation, and for other purposes," and the amendment to the latter act approved February 16, 1909 (35 Stats. 623), require the marking of scows or boats engaged in the transportation of dredgings, etc., with name or number; the providing of an equipment of life lines, life preservers and buoys, anchor and cable; and the keeping by the owner or master of a list, open to the inspection of all parties, of names of all men employed on such scows or boats. They also authorize the supervisor to adopt such measures and publish such regulations as are deemed best to carry out the intentions of the acts above stated, also to regulate and operate the patrol fleet, to investi- gate all cases of violation, and to take such action thereon as may best conserve the interests of the United States Government. The duties of the supervisor were further extended by order of the Secretary of War, October 17, 1917, published in War Depart- ment Bulletin No. 58, authorizing and directing the supervisor to use any public vessel in the service of the War Department and any in- spector and deputy inspectors appointed by him and all means that he may be authorized to use under the act of June 29, 1888, creating his office, in enforcing regulations for a restricted area in the waters southeasterly from Sandy Hook, N. J., to permit the testing of war material without interruption from or damage to shipping. This order was amended June 10, 1919, by limiting the days of restriction to Tuesdays and Thursdays. As the existing project is a continuation of the methods of super- vision developed under the laws mentioned above, the total expendi- tures in connection with the work are given hereinafter under the heading "Financial summary." EXISTING PROJECT. The laws and orders authorizing the existing plan of operations are as follows: June 29, 1888: Act of Congress (25 Stats. 209). May 23, 1889: Order of Secretary of War that communications on subjects of supervision be addressed to him through Chief of Engineers. February 1, 1890: Order of Secretary of War that powers conferred on him concerning supervision be exercised through the Chief of Engineers. August 18, 1894: Act of Congress, sections 2 and 3 (28 Stats. 360). May 28, 1908: Act of Congress (35 Stats. 426). February 16, 1909: Act of Congress (35 Stats. 623). October 17, 1917: Order of Secretary of War regarding supervision of " re- stricted areas" (War Department Bulletin No. 58). June 10, 1919: Order of Secretary of War regarding supervision ,of "re- stricted areas " (War Department Bulletin No. 20). The principal operations may be conveniently grouped under the following headings: (a) Issuance of notices. (b) Establishment of dumping grounds and limits. (c) Patrol. (d) System of checking. (e) ,Floating plant. (f) Office. (g) Oil pollution. SUPERVISION OF THE HARBOR OF NEW YORK. 1979 The general details of the work are as follows: (A) ISSUANCE OF NOTICES. Notices containing the law relating to the dumping of material in the harbor and adjacent waters of New York City are distributed from time to time, as necessity suggests, to various steamship com- panies, dredging contractors, and other engaged in handling mate- rial in the harbor. Such notices are also posted, in public places. The attention of parties concerned is thus brought to the law and regulations. (B) ESTABLISHMENT OF DUMPING GROUNDS AND LIMITS. Dumping grounds at entrance to harbor.-Limits have been des- ignated from time to time, as described in pages 1636 and 1637 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1915. The present limits are as follows: For material mixed with stone, up to size commonly known as "one-man stones," not less than 3 nautical miles southeast of Scot- land Lightship and in not less than 15 fathoms of water. For material containing floatable matter, not garbage or mixed with garbage or other offensive material, at a point not less than 4 nautical miles east southeast of Scotland Lightship, in not less than 17 fathoms of water. For material containing stones of larger dimensions, commonly known as "derrick stones," at a point not less than 6 nautical miles southeast by east of Scotland Lightship, in not less than 19 fathoms of water. On June 24, 1923, the dumping ground for this class of material was changed to the location described above on account of shoaling at the 4-mile dumping ground previously used. For poisonous material and explosives temporary dumping grounds have been established at from 15 to 25 miles southeast of Scotland Lightship, depending upon the character of the material, each indi- vidual case being given special consideration. In all such cases cer- tificates are required from the responsible persons in charge that the material has actually sunk. The operation, as a rule, is supervised by a deputy inspector. Soundings are frequently taken in the vicinity of the dumping grounds by the patrol vessels to insure that plenty of depth is main- tained. Material dredged from Ambrose, Gedney and other channels by United States dredges operating under United States Army Engineer officers is deposited under their supervision. Ashes and rubbish from small craft plying the harbor.-Viola- tions of law by the dumping,of ashes and rubbish from craft plying the harbor are difficult to detect. The city charter provides for plac- ing and maintaining scows at such points as the supervisor may des- ignate to receive such refuse. Two scows have been in place but are little used. At least three more scows are necessary to cover the dis- trict. Easily accessible locations are difficult to secure and the ex- pense of maintenace is large. Many towing vessels and other small steam craft plying the harbor are required to utilize for the disposi- tion of their ashes such scows as may be available at the city dumps along the water front. Floatingd7bris and logs.--In all cases where wharves or docks are under construction or where the removal of old cribwork or piles is 1980 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. involved the supervisor's office keeps as strict a supervision over the work as its facilities will allow and requires the responsibile per- sons to remove such timbers to shore or to raft them. All of the patrol vessels have instructions to secure any large logs or floating derelicts coming under their observation and to tow them to some point out of the fairways. By present regulations the removal of floating debris and logs is under the jurisdiction of the district engineer, first New York district. Street sweepings.-About 50 per cent of the city street waste is utilized for filling behind bulkheads and reclaiming shore land. The remainder is towed to sea. The deposit limits are not less than 4 nautical miles east-southeast of Scotland Lightship, in not less than 17 fathoms of water. The sweepings consist of rubbish and light material apt to bridge when the dumper doors are opened, and as it is then impracticable to wind them up tightly, more or less debris escapes from the dumpers on the way back to the harbor. The super- visor has persistently endeavored to bring about the adoption of a more satisfactory method of disposal. Garbage.-The garbage of the city was formerly disposed of by reduction at plants situated on Barren Island, Jamaica Bay, and on Staten Island. The Barren Island plant was destroyed by fire in 1917 and the Staten Island plant ceased operation about November, 1918. They were always objectionable to the people in their neigh- borhood. About four years ago, at the request of the New York City commissioner of street cleaning and at the urgent solicitation of the commissioner of health, the supervisor authorized the disposal of city garbage at sea as a temporary measure. The practice still con- tinues, and there is no prospect of an immediate change. The dumping limits are 15 miles south east by east of Scotland Lightship. Experience indicates that garbage disposed at sea, at no matter what distance, is liable to wash up on the beaches. In addition, the practice of towing such material through the harbor is highly ob- jectionable. The question of a suitable alternative plan of dispos- ing of such material has been frequently discussed by the city authorities and is still under discussion. At present two deputy inspectors appointed by this office, whose salaries were reimbursed to this office by the contractor doing the towing for the city, accom- pany each tow and file a certificate that the deposit was made at the point designated on the permit for the final disposition of garbage. This method has operated so far quite satisfactorily. Dumping in Hudson River, Long Island Sound, and in kills and bays around Staten Island.-During the summer months much dredging is carried on to maintain channels to brickyards, ice houses, small manufactories, and other plants.. Permits are issued for the disposition of such dredging spoil either on shore, above high- water mark and behind bulkheads, or at such points in deep waters of the locality as may prove least injurious and may meet with the approval of the United States engineer officer in charge of the dis- trict. (C) PATROL. The project contemplates the maintenance of a constant patrol at the mouth of the harbor, days and nights, Sundays and holidays, with one vessel stationed at the Narrows to collect permits from SUPERVISION OF THE HARBOR OF NEW YORK. 1981 vessels passing to sea and to observe the condition of loading, and another crusing at the dumping grounds, to again note loading con- ditions and to keep tows under observation until the material is dis- charged at the prescribed point. The outside patrol vessel also sees to the enforcement of the pro- visions of the act of August 18, 1894, requiring the main channels to be kept free from small craft engaged in fishing or dredging for shellfish, or in any way interfering with the safe navigation of these channels by ocean steamships or other vessels of deep draft; it also warns vessels approaching the restricted area established by the Sec- retary of War October 17, 1917, for testing war material, and re- ports vessels violating the regulations prescribed in connection there-A with. Strict water-front inspection is found necessary for the reason, among others, that contractors largely depend upon the lessees of water-front dumps and of scows to dispose of d6bris and excavated material, including a large amout of what is termed "celler dirt," and which is most injurious to the channels. No method has thus far been found for obtaining from these lessees reports of loading, and such operations consequently necessitate frequent inspections along the water front to keep track of the condition of the loads of the dumpers at the various dumping boards. Otherwise the dump'- ers might easily be hauled out in the stream during a fog or at night, the loads discharged, and the empty dumpers returned to the dump- ing boards ready for reloading. It is believed that the practice was of common occurrence previous to the inauguration of strict water- front inspection. It occasionally happens also that there are con- tracts of considerable magnitude involving the transportation of ma- terial in the harbor, and where the parties interested fail to realize the advantage both to them and to the public of reporting opera- tions to the supervisor. Such cases necessitate frequent inspections of the work and the filing of reports concerning light and loaded dumpers. One of the patrol vessels consequently inspects the water front, making reports of all scows or barges, loaded or light, coming under observation, and also makes inspections as occasion requires on the Hudson River and Long Island Sound. A launch is used for patrolling S,taten Island Kills, Newark Bay, Passaic River, and various shallow tributaries, and investigating pier building and other operations where the depth of water is insufficient for the larger inspection boats. As required by the provisions of the acts of Congress of May 28, 1908, and February 16, 1909, a 'strict surveillance is kept over the marking, equipment, etc., of scows or boats engaged in the transpor- tation of dredgings. (D) SYSTEM OF CHECKING. The plan of checking includes comparison of the quantity of ma- terial deposited, as shown by permits issued and collected, with the quantity gathered.for transportation on the waters of the harbor, or actually being transported, as shown by the reports of the patrol vessels, and also as shown by such reports as can be obtained from those for whom dredging or excavation work is being done. 1982 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Daily reports are made by the patrol vessels, and blank form " Re- ports of loading" with return franked envelopes are issued gratis to all for whom dredging work is being done, including private parties, corporations, and municipal, State, and Federal agencies and departments. Through the courtesy of the Lighthouse Department a daily re- port is made to the supervisor by the master of Scotland Lightship, giving the time, and, when practicable, the names of all tows passing his station. This furnishes a valuable check on the reports of the patrol vessels. The comparison of reports and permits affords a means of ascer- taining whether material has been lost in transit through illegal dumping or otherwise. Any discrepancy between the condition of a load as it reaches the dumping ground and its condition as shown by the permit collected by the inside patrol vessel, or by other sources of information, is noted and the owner of the tug or the applicant for the permit is given an opportunity to make explanation. If the explanation is unsatisfactory such further action is taken by the supervisor as circumstances warrant. In all cases where the checking system is inapplicable or can not be fully carried out special efforts are made to the extent of the availalble force at the disposal of the supervisor, by frequent in- spections, to enforce the law. As might be expected in cases where the checking system is not complete, quite a number of technical or minor violations can not be referred to the courts, because of lack of the conclusive evidence necessary in criminal proceedings. Where persistent or willful disregard for law and regulations is evident. the facts are submitted to the United States district attorneys for such action as they may deem proper. (E) FLOATING PLANT. The floating plant consists of four steam tugs and one launch. The patrol vessels must remain at sea during severe weather, as illegal dumping is then most likely to occur. It is, therefore, neces- sary to keep the fleet in the highest state of efficiency. Lack of available funds in the last three years has not permitted important repairs. The boilers, machinery, and hulls are inspected by the United States local steamboat inspectors. (F) OFFICE. The force, consisting of chief clerk and four clerks, issues per- mits upon application duly filed, keeps a record of all applications and permits, records all reports of loading and disposition of material, issues proposals for supplies and repairs, attends to and files correspondence, keeps property record, regulates tours of duty of the patrol vessels, prepares vouchers, and disburses funds. When violations of law are discovered the results of the investiga- tion, if so warranting, are referred for action to the United States district attorney of the district wherein the violation occurred. RECOMMENDED MODIFICATIONS OF PROJECT. None. SUPERVISION OF THE HARBOR OF NEW YORK. 1983 LOCAL COOPERATION. The city authorities and private persons cooperate with the super- visor to the extent of furnishing " Reports of loading," showing the number of pockets loaded or partly loaded at the close of each day's work. These facilitate the work of detecting the loss from leakage or other causes of material in transit. In cases of violations of law private individuals are reluctant to appear, however, as witnesses. The evidence must usually be furnished by the crews of patrol vessels. The city authorities cooperated as described under the heading " Ashes and rubbish from small craft plying the harbor," by the maintenance at localities designated by the supervisor of deck scows for the use of vessels wishing to discharge ashes or rubbish. Two have been provided during the year. The. city is required by its charter to maintain at least two scows. EFFECT OF SUPERVISION. Experience has shown that a relaxation of a strict patrol is sure to result in injury to channels by illegal dumping and has emphasized the necessity of the drastic measures for their protection enacted by Congress. Enormous amounts of material are daily carried to sea by people who have little hesitation in dumping anywhere if they are not watched. The distance to the point of disposition varies from 25 to 40 miles, and the character of the material is a powerful incentive to get rid of it as quickly and with as little expense as possible. The increase in the cost of hiring dumpers and scows and in the charges for towing to sea, together with the increased cost of labor for oper- ating dredges and excavating material, increase the incentive to dis- pose of it surreptitiously; probably not directly by owner or oper- ators, but by subordinates in their zealous efforts to keep an empty dumper alongside the dredge or to keep empty scows alongside the dumping boards for reloading. It is apparent that an efficient pa- trol was never more needed that at. the present time, and that any relaxation thereof would prove disastrous and would probably re- sult in blocking the channels to an extent which would make them inaccessible to the trans-Atlantic steamers. There seems however, to be a gratifying effort on the part of all contractors to comply with the law. OPERATIONS AND RESULTS DURING FISCAL YEAR. Notices.-Notices in the form of copies of the law were distributed from time to time during the past fiscal year for the information and guidance of all concerned. A special notice, dated January 1, 1921, giving the provisions of Federal law concerning penalties for the discharge of refuse, debris, sludge, acid, oil, or similar matter in the harbor or its adjacent waters, and calling attention also to the rewards offered to informers, was widely circulated. Material moved.-The amount of material moved and deposited under supervision was 21,287,875 cubic yards, making the grand total from 1890 to June 30, 1923, 586,438,260 cubic yards. The num- 61637-ENG 1923--125 1984 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. ber of permits issued during the year was 7,863, the average num- ber of tows daily to sea was 15, and the average number of scows daily to sea was 29. Details concerning the material moved at differ- ent localities are as follows: AMOUNT OF MATERIAL DEPOSITED. Cubic yards. Material deposited at the mouth of the harbor under supervision, from 1890 to 1922----------------------------------- 357, 567, 703 Fiscal year 1923: Dredging from Hudson River, Red Hook channel, Raritan Bay, St. George Shoal and entrance channel Jama.ca Bay, de- posited under supervision of the United States Engineers in the neighborhood of Scotland Lightship------------------ 2, 970, 832 Other United States Government work -------------------- 1, 231, 292 Total resulting from Government work--- -------- -4, 202, 124 Other material----- ---------- ----------- 4, 839, 117 Total for fiscal year 1923------------------------ 9, 041, 241 Total from 1890 to 1923.- ...---------------------- 366, 608, 944 Material deposited behind bulkheads, under supervision: From 1890 to 1922_....,-------- ----------- 165, 710, 396 Fiscal year 1923---------------- ------------- 10, 555, 435 Total ------------------------------------------- 176, 265, 831 Deposited under supervision, city garbage at Barren Island, for reduction: From date of operation of garbage reduction plant in 1897 to June 30, 1922 --- -------------------------- 5, 221, 622 Fiscal year 1923------------------------------------ 24, 309 Total -------------------------------------------- 5, 245, 931 Deposited in Hudson River at such points as agreed to after con- sultation with the United States district engineer officer: From 1907 to June 30, 1922.----------------------. - 2, 580, 548 Fiscal year 1923----------- ........-------------------- 435, 735 rentei J- VCII -------- - ------------------ ----- --------- 3 016 283 Of this total amount 1,013,805 cubic yards resulted from operations by the United States. Deposited in Long Island Sound and Fishers Island Sound: From 1890 to June 30, 1922_------------------------ 32, 507, 148 Fiscal year 1923----------------------- -. 1, 196, 303 Total ------------------- ---------------- ------- 33, 703, 451 Deposited in East River, N. Y.: From 1890 to June 30, 1922, stone, resulting from opera- tions of the United States__ _____ 227, 242 Fiscal year 1923 .---- ... _._.___ .__ .- __-__-_ .. ___ 84, 852 Fiscal years 1916, 1917, 1918, and 1919, clay, sand and stone over line of East River tunnels-....--- _ -- __- ___- 1, 335, 726 Total ------------------- ----------.-..-- 1, 597, 820 SUPERVISION OF THE HARBOR OF NEW YORK. 1985 Total amount deposited under supervision at sea, Long Island Sound and Fishers Island Sound, Hudson and East Rivers, and behind bulkheads since establishment of office of supervisor Cubic yards. to June 30, 1922------------------------------- ------------ 565, 150, 385 Total amount deposited during fiscal year 1923 ---------------- 21, 287, 875 Total ------------------------------------------- 586, 438, 260 The records show that the amount of material moved upon the waters of the harbor of New York under the jurisdiction of the supervisor has increased from 9,711,141 cubic yards during the fiscal year 1890 to 21,287,875 cubic yards moved during the fiscal year 1923. The material moved during the past fiscal year, consisting of mud, sand, city refuse, garbage, cellar dirt, ashes, lime and other d4hris, was deposited outside the harbor at properly designated places and behind bulkheads in the neighborhood of New York, as per the fol- lowing recapitulation: Place of deposit. Kind of material. Amount. Cubic yards. Mouth of harbor, outside of Scotland Mud, sand, city refuse, etc...................... 9, 041, 241 Lightship. Long Island Sound .................. Mud, shells, etc.............. ................ 1,196, 308 East River............................ Stone, in deep water under Government supervi- 34,852 sion. . Hudson River ......................... Mud and sand .................................. .. 435, 735 Do.................................. ud, dirt, ashes, etc., behind bulkheads and on 862,563 shore for filling. East River ...................... .... do....................................1,790,390 Harlem River................... .... . do......do ................................ 9,950 Passaic River...........................do.. ................................... 367,970 Newark Bay..................................do ............................. 1,141,389 Raritan Bay ................................ .... do. . ................................. 350 New York Bay........................... ..... 2,489,583 do............................................ Port Liberty...................... .. do........................ .............. 82,400 Staten Island Sound.......................do...... .. ........ 1.........................746, Hackensack River ..................... ...do.............. ...................... 8,100 Jamaica Bay....................... ... do........................................ . 2, 056, 480 Barren Island ........................... Garbage, dead animals, etc., ashore for reduction.. 24,3t9 Total. .............................. ........ ....................... 21,287,875 Patrol.-A constant patrol was maintained so far as possible, night and day, of New York Harbor and Bay as far at sea as 5 miles outside of Scotland Lightship. Hudson River and East River were also patrolled. The launch patrolled the waters around Staten Island Sound and the waters of Newark Bay, Passaic, Hackensack, and Raritan Rivers. System of checking.-Operations were continued in accordance with the plan described under "Existing project." The experience of the year confirms the belief derived from the experience of pre- vious years-that the work of supervision would be materially aided and evasion of the law would be rendered more difficult by the enact- ment of a statute making it compulsory on all persons engaged in the loading of waste material for transportation on the waters of the harbor to file with the supervisor daily reports of material loaded. This would not necessitate any further collection of data, which they already have for their own use, but only the making of copies for the supervisor. 1986 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, UT. S. ARMY, 1923. The deductions made by the United States Engineer Department and the New York City Department of Docks on contracts for ma- terial which escaped from dumpers while in transit, or which was otherwise improperly disposed of, amounted to 3,958 cubic yards. In addition, 125 pocket loads, or approximately 18,750 cubic yards of material in transportation to the dumping grounds by contractors for those departments were checked as failing to clear at the proper point of deposit and were kept under surveillance until returned to point of loading for remeasurement before loading. Floating plant.--The cost of operating the vessels and work of the office for the fiscal year was as follows: Vigilant. Lamont. Cerberus. Scout. Lookout. Office.' Total. Salaries and wages........ $11,724.25 $11,737.25 $11,545.74 $11,168.32 $1,521.00 $12,213.20 $59, 909.76 Coal.................. 6,444.60 6, 833. 20 6, 009. 55 6, 225. 55 .. . .. 25, 512.90 Oil..................... 337.75 340.10 317.71 219.17 .................... 1, 214.73 Water ..................... 132.00 116.00 96.00 88.00 ............ ...... ... 432.00 Gasoline................. ..... ........ ...... . . 189 5............... 189.55 Subsistence (crews)....... 3,141.39 2898.17 2,915.00 2,609. 45 291.91 ..... 11,855.92 Docking and repairs...... 2,587. 29 1,475.17 1,666.59 696.58 212.50 ........... 6,638.13 Supplies, general.......... 782. 39 1, 091.13 776. 11 763.96 53.00 ........... 3, 466.59 Rent........ ............. ................ 701.20 701.20 Stationery and printing... .. ........................ ..... 346.06 346.06 Traveling expenses...... ................... ..................... 436.27 436.27 Incidentals... .. .......................... ........ ....... 168.28 168.28 Total.................. 25,149.67 24, 491.02 23, 326.70 21, 771.03 2,267.96 13,865.01 110, 871.39 Retirement fund deductions...................... .................... ................ 1,095.99 Total . ................. .......................... 111,967.38 Deduct: Reimbursements received during fiscal year...... ......................... $3,299.78 Reimbursements due June 30, 1923................................... 314.98 3,614.76 Total cost of operation for fiscal year 1923.................... ................. 108,352.62 t Includes salaries of dumping inspectors reimbursed by contractors for city of New York. During the fiscal year the various vessels were laid up for docking and minor repairs as necessity required. The Lookout was hauled out during the winter months in accordance with routine and for minor repairs. Offie.-Operations were continued in accordance with the plan de- scribed under " Existing project (f)." Numerous violations of law were reported to the proper United States attorneys for prosecution. Details are as follows: ACTIONS TO END OF FISCAL YEAR 1923 FOR VIOLATIONS OF ACT OF JUNE 29, 1888, AND ITS AMENDMENTS. Number of cases reported to United States attorneys for prosecution: Prior to fiscal year 1923 -- ------------------------------ 540 During fiscal year 1923--- --------------------------------- 18 Total ----- --------------- 558 Number, of convictions obtained or cases settled by compromise: Prior to fiscal year 1923--------------------------------- 417 During fiscal year 1923---------------------------- - 5 Total__ _--------------422 SUPERVISION OF THE HARBOR OF NEW YORK. 1987 Number of cases nolle prossed or discontinued: Prior to fiscal year 1923------------------------------- 82 During fiscal year 1923--- 11------------------- Total----- ---------------------------------------------- 83 Number of cases dismissed after trial: Prior to fiscal year 1923----------------------------------- 6 ---------------------------- During fiscal year 1923---..... 0 Total-- ------------------------------------------ 6-------- Number of cases pending June 30, 1923 ---------------------------- 35 Total--------------------------------------------558 ACTIONS TO END OF FISCAL YEAR 1923 FOR VIOLATIONS OF ACT OF MAY 28, 1908. None. CONDITION AT THE END OF THE FISCAL YEAR. General.-The total amount of material disposed of under super- vision since 1890 is 586,438,260 cubic-yards. Of this amount 404,926,498 cubic-yards were deposited in navigable waters and in Long Island Sound. It is gratifying to note that careful observation by the masters of the patrol vessels shows a considerable diminution in floating debris, a result due to the operations of the district engineers under the pro- vision of the river and harbor act approved March 4, 1915, authoriz- ing the collection and removal of drift. Floating plant.--Owing to the general deterioration, due to age and continued long service of the patrol vessels, and a lack of neces- sary repairs during the past three years on account of limited funds appropriated, the overhaul and repairs for the next year will be large. The Cerberus, built in 1905, has been in continuous service for 18 years. This vessel now needs overhauling involving an estimated ex- penditure of about $15,000. The Lamont, built in 1895, and in continuous service for 28 years, is in need of urgent repairs that have been postponed or have developed in the last three years, amounting to $21,000, the principal items of which are new steering gear, 11 new reverse frames, new auxiliary air pump, smoke stack, and general overhauling. The Scout, built in 1896, and of a type unfitted for rough weather, is in need of repairs, amounting to $3,000, the principal items of which are new patches on hull and general repairs to machinery. The Vigilant, built in 1900, is in fair condition. This vessel was constructed principally, with a view to employment for inspections along the water front, Hudson River, and Long Island Sound, and when necessary is employed to take the place of one of the outside patrol vessels. It is in urgent need of repairs, which should be made as early as possible, amounting to $15,000, the principal items of which are new steering gear and general overhauling. The Lookout, built in 1896, has since been kept running regularly, except during the winter months, during which period the mate in charge is employed on shore inspection. This boat is in fair con- dition. 1988 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. PROPOSED OPERATIONS (a) The funds available, amounting to $175,907.38 be ex- pended in accordance with the existing project for maintenance and 'will operation of the patrol system and for the work of the office. (b) The amounts which can be profitably expended for the service for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, are as follows: For pay of inspectors, deputy inspectors, crews, and office force, and for maintenance of patrol fleet and expenses of office---------- $155, 600 For purchase or construction of one steam tug to replace patrol ves- sel Nimrod, condemned and sold_____________________________ 200, 000 Total-- ------------------------------------------ 355, 600 It is proposed to expend the first item, in a general way, as follows: Salaries and wages-----$--------------------------------69, 660 Coal, oil, water, and gasoline --------------------------------- 34, 590 Subsistence of crews----------- ---------------------------- 12, 264 Docking and repairs----------------------------------------30, 000 Wharfage and office rent_------ ------------------- 3, 000 Supplies, general-- --------------------------------------- 4, 800 Stationery and office supplies ____________________ -600 Travel------------------------------------------------------ 500 Incidentals ----------- 186 155, 600 (G) OIL POLLUTION. Detection of the parties responsible for discharging oil or oil refuse into the waters of the harbor is a difficult matter. For example, tankers and fuel-oil burners find it desirable to blow out their tanks in order to get rid of refuse oil and sediment. This is usually done with live steam, and if the operation takes place at night and the discharge is below the surface of the water, the tracing of responsibility for the act becomes practically impossible unless evidence can be obtained from some one on board the vessel. Fur- thermore, such refuse is discharged, as a rule, at points not within the field of observation of the supervisor's force while engaged in the work for which it was created by Congress. Oil pollution is in general from one of the following sources: Oil-burning ships, dockyards, oil companies plants, industrial plants, refueling ships, and city sewers. The oil companies and a number of industrial plants have ex- pended considerable money in establishing oil separators and other methods to prevent'pollution. For handling the refuse from ves- sels several oil salvage companies have been formed and appear to be operating with success. The oil pollution from city sewers is due to the failure of garages and other plants to clean their sep- arators. This matter is under municipal regulation and inspections are supposed to be made by the police authorities at intervals, but it is undoubtedly true that large numbers of separators continue to overflow into the drains and thence into the sewer system, with the result that almost every sewer emptying into the East and North rivers carries oil. Strict supervision of the separators and forced compliance with the law would prevent practically all such pollution. ANACOSTIA RIVER AND FLATS. 1989 Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $3,299.78 for preven- tion of deposits, harbor of New York: New work----------- ----------------------------------- Maintenance ------------------- ------------------ $2, 825, 051. 86 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------3, 150, 735. 85 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work................ ............................... . Expended for maintenance 1.... $133, 426.39 $156, 623.39 $101,514.56 $114, 589. 24 $110, 115. 64 Appropriated or allotted........ 165,760.00 100,260.00 110,565.85 109,260.00 109,260.00 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended________--------- ______- - $14, 139. 79 Amount appropriated by War Department appropriation act ap- proved Mar. 2, 1923----- ---------------------------- 175,000. 00 Amount appropriated by War Department appropriation act ap- proved June 30, 1922 ----------------------------------- 109, 260. 00 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923-----------------3, 299. 78 301, 699. 57 Deduction on account of amount to be carried to surplus fund (in- cluding $10,000 of the appropriation for the fiscal year 1922, held in general reserve) -- _ ------ __------____ ---- 10, 013. 28 291, 686. 29 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for mainte- nance- ----.. -------------------------------------- 110, 115. 64 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ---------------------------181, 570. 65 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities----- -------------- 5, 663. 27 July 1, 1923, balance available ----------------------------- 175, 907. 38 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for maintenance-------------------------------355, 600. 00 APPROPRIATIONS. Dates and amounts of appropriations for prevention of deposits, harbor of New York. Total amount appropriated to and including June 5, 1920 .... - $2, 755, 910. 00 (See detailed statement on page 4088 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, 1920.) Mar. 1, 1921 (deficiency) ______---_____ ______ -____ 1, 305. 85 Mar. 4, 1921---------------------- 109, 260. 00 June 30, 1922 ------------------------------------------- 109, 260. 00 Mar. 2, 1923-------------------------------------------- 175, 000. 00 Total-------------------------------------------3, 150, 735. 85 ANACOSTIA PARK AND THE RECLAMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ANACOSTIA RIVER AND FLATS FROM THE MOUTH OF THE RIVER TO THE DISTRICT LINE, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. District engineer: Maj. M. C. Tyler, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. James C. Sanford, Corps of Engineers, to July 12, 1922, and Col. H. C. Newcomer, Corps of Engineers, since July 13, 1922. 1 Not deducting receiptsi from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 1990 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION. The Anacostia River rises in Maryland and flows about 20 miles in a southwesterly direction, emptying into the Potomac River at Washington, D. C., about 108 miles above its mouth. The upper 12 miles are nontidal, having a moderate current; the lower 8 miles are tidal. Its drainage area is 200 square miles. The low-water fluvial discharge at Bladensburg (81 miles above the mouth of the river) is about 10 second-feet, and the high-water discharge at the same place about 15,000 second-feet. This project relates only to the lower 64 miles, which is situated within the District of Columbia. The average fall per mile is about 15 feet. The average width be- tween banks is approximately one-half mile. Freshets generally occur in the spring. (See U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart No. 376.) ORIGINAL CONDITION. Prior to improvement the channel was narrow and winding, and between the channel and the banks were extensive flats and marshes, which were alternately exposed and flooded by tidal action. In sum- mer the flats were covered with a rank growth of aquatic plants, which prevented a rapid cleansing movement of the tide and caused deposits of mud and filth. The meadows, which were above ordinary high-water level, were flooded at varying intervals, whenever the water was raised by flood or easterly winds above normal level, and every depression retained a stagnant pool, a condition most favorable for the development of malaria. The controlling depths at mean low , water were 15 feet at Anacostia Bridge, 12 feet at the Phila- delphia, Baltimore & Washington Railroad bridge, 8 feet at Ben- ning Bridge, and 2 feet at the District line. The mean range of tide is 3 feet. The plane of reference is mean low water. PREVIOUS PROJECTS. See Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1919, page 553. EXISTING PROJECT. The length of the section to be reclaimed and developed is about 61 miles, extending from the mouth of the river upstream to the northeast boundary line of the District of Columbia. The District of Columbia appropriation act approved August 31, 1918, provides- That the entire area reclaimed and to be reclaimed from the mouth of the river to the District line be, and the same is hereby, made and declared a part of the park system of the District of Columbia and designated Anacostia Park. By act Public No. 251, Sixty-sixth Congress, second session, ap- proved June 5, 1920, making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921, it is provided: That piece of land reclaimed and to be reclaimed now the property of the United States Government, known as Bolling Field, Sections A and B, in the District of Columbia on the east side of the Anacostia River extending from the Giesboro Point upstream to the outfall sewer at Poplar Point lying between the Anacostia River sea wall and the Original high-water shore line on the ANACOSTIA RIVER AND FLATS. 1991 east, is hereby set aside for use as a military reservation, to be used for avia- tion purposes: Provided, That funds heretofore appropriated for the recla- mation of this area shall remain available for this purpose. The project was prepared in accordance with the following provi- sion in the District of Columbia act of March 2, 1911: Toward the reclamation and development of the Anacostia River and Flats, from the Anacostia Bridge northeast to the District line, to be expended under the supervision of the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, upon plans to be prepared under the direction of and to be approved by a board of engineers, to consist of the engineer commissioner of the District of Columbia, the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds, and the engineer officer in charge of the improvement of the Potomac River; Aaid sum to be available for the prepa- ration of plans, the prosecution of the work, the employment of personal service, and for such other purposes as may in the judgment of said board be necessary to carry out the purposes of this appropriation, $100,000. The project as originally adopted is described in a report of the board dated April 29, 1912. It provided, in general, for an open channel between river walls to be constructed from Anacostia Bridge upstream to Massachusetts Avenue, a distance of about 1 miles, and for slack water thence upstream, to be created by a dam on the line of Massachusetts Avenue, forming a lake of sufficient area to permit pleasure boating, etc., and also affording navigation to the District line. The project also provided for a lock and necessary appurte- nances to maintain the level of the lake at a normal elevation of 2 feet above mean low water of the channel below the dam; also for dredging between the Anacostia Bridge and the District line and using the spoil for reclamation of the adjacent shores; for requiring the installation of draw spans in the Pennsylvania Avenue Bridge, the Philadelphia, Baltimore & Washington Railroad bridge, and Benning Bridge, the available channel width in the draws to be 100 feet, the same as at the draw in the Anacostia Bridge; and for the abolition of the harbor lines above the Anacostia Bridge and the modification of the bulkhead line on the left bank just below that bridge. The estimated cost of this project was $2,046,100. Further study led ,to the conclusion that some features of the project were impracticable, owing to the large amount of silt carried by the river. The board therefore modified the'project as described in a report submitted to Congress by the Secretary of War June 24, 1916, and printed in House Document No. 1357, Sixty-fourth Con- gress, first session. This modification affects the section extending upstream from the dam at Massachusetts Avenue by extending the open channel from Anacostia Bridge to the District line to permit the free movement of silt and open navigation between those points and by constructing the proposed lake between the open channel and the northerly shore of the river. The detailed features of the project as modified are as follows: The construction of river walls upstream from Anacostia Bridge to the District line, forming a channel 700 feet wide at Anacostia Bridge, 650 feet wide just above Massachusetts Avenue, thence de- creasing to a width of 300 feet near the District line, the channel to be dredged to a depth of 15 feet in the section between Anacostia Bridge and Massachusetts Avenue and to a depth of 9 feet above the latter point, the spoil to be used for the reclamation of the adja- cent banks. The construction of a lateral basin or lake along the northerly shore of the river between the vicinity of Massachusetts Avenue and 1992 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. the District line, to be dredged to a depth of 6 feet, the spoil to be used for the reclamation of the adjacent banks and for the forma- tion of islands. The construction of gates at the upper and lower ends of the lake to maintain the water surface at an approximately constant level. The construction of a lock at the lower end of the lake for the passage of boats, the lock to be 15 feet wide by 75 feet long, the depth on the gate sills to be 10 feet at mean low water, and the lift to be 2 feet. Bridges and harbor lines to be modified as proposed in the descrip- tion given above of the original project. The estimated cost of the project as modified was $2,705,837. This (stimate did not include the cost of the land required for highway and park purposes, nor does it include the additional work of com- pleting the fill on the reclaimed area between the mouth of the river and Anacostia Bridge, authorized by act of Congress approved Au- gust 31, 1918 (see Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1919, p. 2009). The revised cost for the project (1920), to include the items above referred to, and also to cover the increased cost of labor and materials, is $3,740,595.88. RECOMMENDED MODIFICATIONS OF PROJECT. None. LOCAL COOPERATION. The funds for this project have been appropriated by the District of Columbia appropriation bills, which, through the fiscal year ended June 30, 1920, provided for half of the expense to be borne by the District of Columbia, since which date it is provided that 60 per cent shall be paid by the District of Columbia and 40 per cent by the United States. TERMINAL FACILITIES. There are no terminal facilities open to the public in the portion of the river covered by the reclamation project, which is all above the Anacostia Bridge. There are two small privately owned wharves located just above the Anacostia Bridge on the city side which are not available to the public. EFFECT OF IMPROVEMENT. Navigation has been benefited, as deep-draft vessels now use the area between the Anacostia and Pennsylvania Avenue bridges. The city side of this area has been set apart for commercial purposes. This, in a measure, will relieve the crowded condition in the Wash- ington Channel. This area is also used as a yacht harbor, relieving crowded conditions in the Washington Harbor. Community gardens, which improve the land and keep down the growth of weeds and underbrush, were allotted on portions of the reclaimed area by agents of the Department of Agriculture, under authority granted to such agents by the Chief of Engineers. Sanitary conditions in the area between the Anacostia and Pennsylvania Railroad bridges have been ANACOSTIA RIVER AND FLATS. 1993 improved. Sections A and B, known as Boiling Field, have been set aside for use as a military reservation to be used for aviation purposes. (Act of June 5, 1920, Pub. No. 251, 66th Cong.) OPERATIONS AND RySULTS DURING FISCAL YEAR. The U. S. hydraulic pipe-line dredge Talcott was engaged from July 5, 1922, to April 5, 1923, in dredging in Lake Kingman and the navigation channel, depositing 924,242 cubic yards of material on section E and fills in section F. The U. S. hydraulic pipe-line dredge Dalecarliawas engaged from July 1, 1922, to January 5, 1923, in dredging in Lake Kingman and the navigation channel, depositing 275,951 cubic yards of mud on fills in section F. The U. S. derrick boat Atlas was engaged from August 8, 1922, to September 22, 1922, in building and raising embankments and ex- cavating seawall trenches in sections D and F, with the result that 20,452 cubic yards of material were excavated for 6,102 linear feet of embankment and trench. The gasoline excavator was engaged in building levees on.section F from July 8 to August 17, 1922, 3,880 linear feet of levee being built with 7,831 cubic yards of material. The U. S. snag boat York and force of masons completed 1,315 linear feet of seawall in sections C, D, and E between July 1 and No- vember 29, 1922. There was placed in section F 4,541.80 tons of riprap for seawall foundations. There was deposited on the dump fills at Benning Road and Ana- costia Bridge 40,533 cubic yards of select material and 12,861 cubic yards of miscellaneous refuse material. By purchase, 10.091 acres of land were acquired, together with 0.668 acres lying below the high-water shore line which were deeded without cost. A labor gang was employed for 'about 9 months building and re- pairing levees and other miscellaneous work. The total expenditures were $172,777.10, all applied to new work. CONDITION AT END OF FISCAL YEAR. The table below indicates the work accomplished and expenditures therefor on the project to June 30, 1923. The project is about 39 per cent completed. Itemized statement of expenditures and work to June 30, 1923. Items. work.of Units Cost. 1. Study and investigation .......... ......... .................. ............ $26,671.93 2., Reclamation (570 acres completed, 275 acres under reclamation): a. Dredging. ....................................... cubic yards.. 7,194,169 629, 433.43 b. Dump fills.. .............. .......... ....................... do.... 90, 864 6, 790. 32 3. Seawalls: a. Channel- A. Foundations- 1. Riprap (185,839 short tons)..............linear feet.. 23, 525 289, 335. 81 2. Pile grillage.... ..................... do... 650 24, 524. 08 B. Masonry walls- 1. Building stone .................................. do... 10, 516 79, 643.19 2. Concrete................... ........................ 5, 219.20 1994 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Itemized statement of expenditures and work to June 30, 1923--Continued. Items. Units of work. Cost. 3. Seawalls-Continued. * b. Lake and island- A. Foundations- 1. Riprap (2,979 short tons)................linear feet.. 900 $5, 455. 07 2, Pilegrillage.................. ...................... B. Masonry walls- 1.Building stone .......................................... 2.Concrete.......... ........................ 4. Land: a. Purchase price or condemnation cost.......................acres.. 76,006 164,904. 89 b.Incidentals............................................................. ..... .... 10, 197.04 c.Fencing.......... ........................... linear feet.. 7,490_F 471.98 5. Allen Bridge: 6. Plant and repair yard: a. Plant and equipment............................................... 160, 913.92 b. Storehouses, shops, etc .............. ...... .............. 1. Potomac Park yard ............ ............................. ... 13, 175. 4 2. Anacostia yard... ............................... 888.98 7. Lock, bridge and effluent house.... ;............................... 8. Influent house and connecting cable .... .. .................... 9. Contingencies: a. Payment to District of Columbia for extension of storm water sewers. 9, 887.50 b. Removing wrecked wharves and the "Old Burnt Bridge".......... 1 413.24 c. Modification of Pennsylvania Avenue Bridge .................... ............ 8341.03 d. Modification of Benning Road Bridge .......... ................. 700.00 e.Enforced lay-up of plant due to reduced appropriation ........... 18, 453.01 f. Raising dredge Talcott sunk at Potomac Park yard............... 4,967.36 10. Engineering, clerical and miscellaneous office expenses..................... 116, 361.42 Total expenditures.......... .................. ...... 1, 577, 748. 86 Expenditures by fiscal years. June 30- June 30- 1912_ $10, 115. 56 1919--------------- $98, 606. 71 1913 . . 13, 312. 74 1920 ----------- 239, 399. 49 1914 __ 107, 469. 50 1921---------------139, 923. 50 1915_ 112, 469. 92 1922--------------- 173, 167. 88 1916 182, 398. 45 1923---------------172,777.10 1917 - 156, 017. 64 1918- 172,090. 37 Total to date-- 1, 577, 748. 86 The District of Columbia appropriation act approved February 28, 1923, carried the following item: For continuing the reclamation and development of Anacostia Park, $150,- 000, to be expended below Benning Bridge. The Board of Engineers constituted by Public Act Numbered 441, approved March 2, 1911, is hereby directed to submit through the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, on the first day of the next regular session of Congress a report on the desirability or undesirability of continuing the said project above Benning Bridge and if it is to be so continued what modifications in existing project above Benning Bridge appear desirable and in the interest of economy. Such report shall include such recommendations with a state- ment of the facts and shall include detailed estimates of cost under the modifi- cations proposed compared with the estimates under present plans and the de- crease in cost as a result of such modification. While the War Department order to place draw spans in the Ben- ning highway bridge and the Washington Railway & Electric Co. rkilway bridge over Anacostia River is still in effect, a postponement of construction was granted by the Secretary of War to the railway company until Congress authorizes reclamation work at or above Benning Bridge. ANACOSTIA RIVER' AND FLATS. 1995 PROPOSED OPERATIONS. The funds unexpended on June ?0, 1923, were $172,251.14, and will be applied as follows: (1) Dredging and reclamation work by United States hydraulic pipe line dredge, 4 mos. (December, 1923, to March, 1924) at $7,000---------- ---------------------------- $28, 000. 00 (2) Building and repairing levees (November and December, 1923) ------------------- 4, 000. 00 (3) Seawall foundations (January to April, 1924)--------------8, 873. 00 (4) Masonry and concrete wall (July, 1923, to June, 1924) (5) Supervision of dump fills (July, 1923, to June, 1924)------- 61, 000. 00 5, 000. 00 -------- (6) Repair and maintenance of Government plant and property (July, 1923, to June, 1924). ___10, 000. 00 (7) Engineering, clerical, contingencies, etc.----------------- 30, 378. 14 (8) Payment of outstanding liabilities-_______-___-_____ 25, 000. 00 172, 251. 14 It is expected that the funds unexpended will be exhausted by June 30, 1924. The amount that can be profitably expended on this work during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, is $370,000, to be expended as follows: (1) Seawall foundations -------- -------------------- $100, 000 (2) Seawall above foundations 140, 000 (3) Banking behind seawalls------------------------------ - 4, 000 (4) Lock and control gates____---- ______ - _____ __ _- 70,000 (5) Supervision of dump fills--______----__-- ___________6_____ 6, 000 (6) Repair and maintenance of Government plant and property___ 20, 000 (7) Engineering, clerical, contingencies, etc.--------------------- 30, 000 370, 000 It is proposed to do the above work with Government plant and hired labor. COMMERCIAL STATISTICS. The commercial statistics for the Anacostia River are given in Part II of this report, at pages 470 and 471. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work----------- -------------------------- $1, 577, 748. 86 Total appropriations to date of this report------------------ 1, 750, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work......... $98,606.71 $239,399.49 $139,923.50 $173,167. 88 $172,777.10 Expended for maintenance................. ....................... ........... ........ Appropriated or allotted......... 75,000.00 200,000.00 175,000.00 150,000.00 150, 000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended--------------------------_ $195, 028. 24 Amount appropriated by District of Columbia appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1923--------. -------------------------- 150, 000. 00 345, 028. 24 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year for new work__ 172, 777. 10 1996 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----------------------------- $172, 251. 14 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-----------------------------25, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available-------. ----------------------- 147, 251. 14 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project----------------------------------------1, 990, 595. 88 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work------------------------------------370, 000. 00 CONTRACTS IN FORCE. None. APPROPRIATIONS. Mar. 2, 1911--------------- $100, 000 July 11, 1919-------------- $100, 000 June 26, 1912-------------- 100, 000 June 5, 1920-------------- 100, 000 Mar. 4, 1913---------------100, 000 Feb. 22, 1921 --------------175, 000 July 21, 1914--------------- 100, 000 June 29, 1922------------- 150, 000 Mar. 3, 1915--------------- 100, 000 Feb. 28, 1923-------------- 150, 000 Sept. 1, 1916 ____-_____-200, 000 Mar. 3, 1917--------------300, 000 Total 750, 000 1---------------, Aug. 31, 1918-------------- 75, 000 REPAIRS TO AQUEDUCT BRIDGE, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. District engineer: Maj. M. C. Tyler, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. James C. Sanford, Corps of Engineers, to July 12, 1922, and Col. H. C. Newcomer, Corps of Engineers, since July 13, 1922. LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION. The Aqueduct Bridge crosses the Potomac River at Washington, D. C., from Thirty-sixth Street, Georgetown, to Rosslyn, Va. Its total length, exclusive of an earth embankment about 700 feet in length, constituting the Virgina approach, is about 1,317 feet, dis- tributed as follows, beginning at the Virgina abutment: Nine deck spans of 114 feet each over the river; about 127 feet of trestle over the north abutment; one through span of 164 feet over the Chesa- peake & Ohio Canal. The eight piers have a batter of 1 inch to the foot. Their ends are semicircular in plan, and the upstream ends are provided with cut-granite ice breakers projecting about 15 feet beyond the upper part of the pier. For convenienec in designating them the piers are numbered 1 to 8, beginning the count from the Virginia end. Piers Nos. 3 and 6 are about 16 feet wide and 50 feet long at the top; the others are about 8 feet wide and 42 feet long at the top. The top of copings is 30 feet above mean low water. The rock bottom of the river is from 24 to 35 feet below mean low water and will average about 28 feet below mean low water. The 10 iron spans are of light construction. Each has two trusses 23 feet and 7 inches apart, and each truss is 19 feet deep. The width of roadway is 24 feet, with two sidewalks of 6-foot width. The clear head-room is about 30 feet over the river and about 14 feet over the canal. 1 Exclusive of available funds. REPAIRS TO AQUEDUCT BRIDGE, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 1997 ORIGINAL CONDITION. The piers of the Aqueduct Bridge were originally constructed be- tween 1835 and 1840 to carry a canal across the Potomac. They were built of Potomac River gneiss laid in the form of rough rubble masonry, except the ice breakers, which are of cut granite. According to the report on the original construction, hydraulic cement was used in the mortar, but from the more recent examination and from the observations made during reconstruction of three piers it was ascertained that the original mortar was of very inferior quality and poorly distributed. The mortar joints in the abutments and piers above the water have been cleaned out and pointed up with Portland cement mortar, and consequently these upper portions are in fair condition. In 1868 a floor system and approaches were added, and the structure was used as a highway toll bridge until 1886. The wooden structure and piers were purchased under act of Congress (Public No. 89) approved June 21, 1886. This act appropriated the sum of $240,000 and provided for the purchase of the bridge at a cost not to exceed the sum of $125,000 and for removing the old wooden structure and erecting a new iron bridge in place thereof. The 10 iron spans were constructed in place under the direction of the Secretary of War, and the new bridge was completed on March 3, 1888. A complete description of the work is given in the Annual Reports of the Chief of Engineers for 1887, pages 899 to 910, which contains a map; for 1888, pages '789 to 795; and for 1889, pages 989 and 990. The custody and control of the bridge was turned over to the Commissioners of the District of Columbia on September 15, 1888. Shortly after the great freshet of June 2, 1889, Pier No. 1 was observed to have moved several inches, and lesser injuries were noticed in some of the other piers. The commissioners repaired these injuries and also made subsequent repairs up to 1893. PREVIOUS PROJECTS. In accordance with a resolution of Congress dated January 21, 1893, an examination of abutments and piers was made, and a report thereon was submitted July 17, 1893. (Annual Report, 1895, pp. 4085-4099.) Appropriations for repairs of abutments and piers and for recon- struction of piers were made in District of Columbia acts as follows: Aug. 7, 1894----- --------------------- ---------- $51,,070 June 8, 1896------------------------------ --------------- 165, 000 July 1, 1902---------------------------- ------------------------ 165,000 Mar. 2, 1907----------------------------------------. ------ --- 80, 000 Total --------------------------------------- 261, 070 The total expenditure for such repairs and for the reconstruction of Piers Nos. 1, 4, and 5 to June 30, 1916, was $238,454.71. For further details see pages 1867 and 1868, Annual Report of 1917. EXISTING PROJECT. By an act of Congress approved May 18, 1916, $25,000 was appro- priated for the maintenance of the bridge, including the superstruc- 1 Balance made available by subsequent acts for examinations and repairs. 1998 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. ture, during the construction of a new bridge authorized by the same act. It is contemplated to make an examination of the piers and abut- ments at least twice each year and such temporary repairs as the examination may show to be necessary, the work to be done by hired labor or by contract, as may be deemed' most advantageous. The in- strumental observations will be continued at the end of each month, or more often if found advisable. The cavities and crevices found by the diver during the examina- tion are repaired with Portland cement concrete, placed in burlap bags and lowered to the diver, who builds them into masonry and carefully fills all cavities and crevices. The last examination was made in June, 1920, when no repairs were deemed necessary. The last repairs were made in April, 1917. The superstructure of the bridge has been maintained in recent years by the Commissioners of the District of Columbia. From time to time such amounts as have been required by them to maintain the superstructure have been allotted for their use from the appropria- tion of $25,000 made by the act of May 18, 1916. It is estimated that the examinations and repairs will amount to about $3,000 per year. RECOMMENDED MODIFICATIONS OF PROJECT. None. LOCAL COOPERATION. The appropriations for this work prior to that of May 18, 1916, were included in District of Columbia appropriation acts, and half of the expense was borne by the District. EFFECT OF IMPROVEMENT. The bridge has been kept open to traffic for pedestrians and electric railway, but was closed to vehicular traffic on January 17, 1923, upon the opening of the Francis Scott Key Bridge. OPERATIONS AND RESULTS DURING FISCAL YEAR. Observations indicate no appreciable change in the alignment or elevation of the piers, and since vehicular traffic was removed leav- ing only street car traffic, vibration practically ceased. The bridge was closed to vehicular traffic January 17, 1923, in order to construct the south approach for the Francis Scott Key Bridge. The Washington and Old Dominion Railway continue to use their tracks on the Aqueduct Bridge. There were no expenditures during the year. CONDITION AT END OF FISCAL YEAR. It is believed that the piers and abutments are in as good con di- tion as it is possible to make them by the method of repair adopted, and that they are in a safe condition for the traffic conditions which exist at this time. REPAIRS TO AQUEDUCT BRIDGE, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 1999 PROPOSED OPERATIONS. Owing to the probable completion of the Francis Scott Key Bridge during the early part of the next fiscal year, it will no longer be nec- essary to -conduct operations under the existing project, as the old Aqueduct Bridge will be entirely abandoned and no funds are there- fore requested to continue repair work. It is, however, recommended that Congress authorize and make an appropriation for the removal of all that portion of the bridge within the river at an estimated cost of $159,000, to be expended as follows: (1) Removal of spans above piers, railing, floor, steel trusses, etc., 9 spans, at $8,700----------- ------------------------- $78, 300 Credit on steel work salvaged as junk, 725 tons, at $17 per ton_, 12, 325 Net cost---- -------------------- ------------------ 65, 975 (2) Removal of masonry of 8 piers and south abutment above and be- low water and riprap stone protection, 30,000 tons, at $2.50 per ton -- ----------------------------------------------- 75, 000 (3) Removal of Virginia approach fill and temporary spans-----------3, 475 (4) Engineering, contingencies, etc., 10 per cent ------------------ 14, 550 Total cost of removal------------------------------ 159, 000 Under the above estimate it is proposed to remove all of old Aque- duct Bridge lying between the abutments of the new Francis Scott Key Bridge. This will include two large masonry rest piers and six smaller intermediate masonry piers and the steel spans and bridge deck above them, the abutment at the Virginia end and the riprap stone placed around the piers to protect them from damage. The masonry work and riprap stone will be removed to a depth of about 20 to 22 feet below mean low water to provide ample water cross- sectional area for the passage of floods and running ice. Included in the work is the removal of section of the Virginia earthen ap- proach fill for a length of about 100 feet. It should be noted that under item (2), of the above estimate, a possible saving of $50,000 can be effected in the cost of masonry removal by utilizing some 25,000 tons of rock at $2 per ton in build- ing sea-wall foundations on the Anacostia Park project. If the rec- ommended appropriation is made within the next year or before the sea-wall work on the Ancostia Park project has progressed to such a point that that quantity of stone could not be utilized, it will be possible to remove the old bridge for about $50,000 less than the appropriation requested. If the stone is not thus disposed of no available market for it is now known. COMMERCIAL STATISTICS. Vehicular traffic stopped January 17, 1923, but the electric railway cars continue to use the bridge. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work----------------------------------------- $239, 992. 67 Maintenance---------------------------------- 265, 882. 74 Net total expended-------------------------- 505, 875. 41 Total appropriations to date of this report ---------------- 544, 810. 77 61637-ENG 1923----126 2000 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........ ... .... ............. .............. Expended for maintenance 1..... $1, 246.46 $916.36 $18, 632.91 $427. 23 ....... .. Appropriated or allotted..., ..... ........ ............... .................. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended -------------------------- $819. 18 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, for maintenance___ 0. 0 July 1, 1923, balance available---------------------------- 819.18 BRIDGE ACROSS POTOMAC RIVER AT GEORGETOWN, D. C. (FRANCIS SCOTT KEY BRIDGE). District engineer: Maj. M. C. Tyler, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. James C. Sanford, Corps of Engineers, to July 12, 1922, and Col. H. C. Newcomer, Corps of Engineers, since July 13, 1922. LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION. The bridge crosses the Potomac River from Thirty-fourth Street, Washington, D. C., to the vicinity of the south end of the Aqueduct Bridge, which crosses from Thirty-sixth Street to Rosslyn, Va., and is to replace the Aqueduct Bridge. ORIGINAL CONDITION. The Aqueduct Bridge has served for the traffic from Georgetown, D. C., to Rosslyn, Va., since 1868. The piers have been rapidly de- teriorating in recent years and three of them were rebuilt between 1897 and 1907. The remaining five piers have developed dangerous defects. On December 3, 1915, the district engineer officer reported the bridge as unsafe and recommended reduction of the traffic over it and the reconstruction of all old piers or the construction of a new bridge. The Secretary of War, under date of December 22, 1915, recommended to Congress the construction of a new bridge. PREVIOUS PROJECTS. There was no project prior to the adoption of the existing project. EXISTING PROJECT. The project is contained in an act of Congress approved May 18, 1916, and provides for the preparation of plans for a bridge and approaches across the Potomac River at or near .the Aqueduct Bridge, at a cost not to exceed $1,000,000 and for the obtaining of competi- tive bids therefor. The act also provides for the acquisition of the necessary land and easements, for the use of the bridge by interurban traction lines, telephone and telegraph lines, and for gas and water mains. The act appropriates $150,000 for the preparation of plans and for the payment for lands, easements, etc., and provides that one- half of the entire expense of constructing the bridge shall be paid by the District of Columbia. 1'Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. FRANCIS SCOTT KEY BRIDGE. 2001 A project, approved June 29, 1916, provided that the bridge be known as the Key Bridge, in honor of Francis Scott Key, whose home was near the site. The sundry civil act approved June 5, 1920, pro- vided that the bridge shall hereafter be known as the Georgetown Bridge. By act of Congress approved February 28, 1923, making appro- priations for the government of the District of Columbia for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1924, the name of the structure was changed to " Francis Scott Key Bridge." The project of June 29, 1916, also provides that the location shall be at or near Thirty-fourth Street on the Georgetown side and near the present terminus of the Aqueduct Bridge on the Virginia side; that the necessary borings shall be made to explore the foundations; that topographic and hydrographic surveys of the site shall be made; that the necessary engineering and architectural assistance shall be employed and com- plete plans and specifications for the bridge shall be prepared; that preliminary plans shall be prepared for the consideration of the Secretary of War and the Commission of Fine Arts; and that all necessary land and easements for the bridge and approaches shall be acquired by purchase at prices to be approved by the Secretary of War for by condemnation. The new bridge is 1,650 feet long, including the approaches. The vertical clearance will range from 67.9 feet above mean low water at the end spans to 72 feet above mean low water at the center span. The deck will be 78 feet above mean low water and will have a full width of 70 feet on top, including a trackage space 18 feet 5 inches wide, two roadways each 15 feet 91 inches wide, and two sidewalks each 8 feet wide. No additions or changes have been made in the original plans, but on account of the greatly increased cost of construction work, com- puted to have reached in July, 1920, approximately three times the costs prevailing when original estimate was made, a revision of esti- mated cost became necessary, and Congress has appropriated a total of $2,350,000 for construction. The item contained in the sundry civil bill approved July 1, 1918, provides for the purchase and installation of a 10-inch water main across the bridge, including a 12-inch connection to the 36-inch gravity main at M Street, together with a water meter near the con- nection for the purpose of supplying water to Federal reservations and buildings on the Virginia side of the Potomac River, at a total cost of $8,100. RECOMMENDED MODIFICATIONS OF PROJECT. None. LOCAL COOPERATION. Of the entire amount, $2,350,000, appropriated for construction, $1,650,000 is payable half by the District of Columbia and half by the United States, and $700,000 is payable 60 per cent by the District of Columbia and 40 per cent by the United States. Of the amount appropriated for plans and land, $150,000, one-half is payable by the District of Columbia and one-half by the United States. 2002 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The entire. amount appropr iated for installation of water main on the bridge, $8,100, is payable from United States funds. EFFECT OF IMPROVEMENT. The former congestion of vehicular traffic over the old bridge has been eliminated and a large increase in the number of vehicles pass- ing between Rosslyn, Va., and Georgetown, D. C., has been noted. This is due to expediting passenger traffic and to raising the former restrictions on the loads of commercial vehicles. In this way the District of Columbia has profited by the easy and direct means of communication with the railroad yards in RQsslyn, Va. During periods of ceremonies in the District of Columbia the bridge has fa- cilitated the movement of traffic to Arlington and other points of national interest in Virginia. Since the opening of the bridge, land values in Rosslyn, Va., have increased to a large. extent and an in- crease in commercial activities has also been noted. OPERATIONS AND RESULTS DURING FISCAL YEAR. Work was continued on detail plans. The bridge proper was com- pleted, with the exception of a few minor installations, in January, 1923, and by means of temporary approach roads, it was opened to traffic January 17, 1923. The north approach retaining walls were built and the north approach was completed and paved. The south approach fill was completed to such a degree that the permanent loop roads could be constructed. All necessary drains for the bridge and a storm sewer system for the south approach were installed. All sur- plus plant and property has been dismantled and moved from the site. The pointing up of concrete piers, arches, etc., was practically completed. Work has been started on underpinning the south ap- proach retaining walls with concrete piers placed on bed rock. Ap- proximately 2,173 cubic yards of concrete have been poured and 291.16 tons of steel placed; 6,025 cubic yards of earth and rock have been excavated and 20,381.5 cubic yards of fill placed during the year. All leases and licenses for the use of the Government reservation at the south end of the bridge, on which the south approach is con- structed, were revoked during the year. New leases and licenses were granted to public utilities for the use of the bridge and south ap- proach, as follows: Washington & Old Dominion Railway: Lease of premises on Virginia ap- proach for station building for $675 per year; dated February 26, 1923. Washington & Old Dominion Railway: Revocable license to relocate and maintain its trackage and unloading platforms on the Virginia approach; dated February 26, 1923. Capital Traction Co.: Permit to construct and install upon the bridge and approaches thereto a double track conduit electric railway; dated October 21, 1922. Postal Telegraph-Cable Co.: Permit to construct, install and maintain under- neath bridge and approaches thereto, a two-duct conduit for $20 per year; dated November 29, 1922. Potomac Electric Power Co.: Permit to construct, install and maintain under- neath bridge and approaches thereto, 18 ducts and cables for $180 per year; dated January 18, 1923. Amended February 13, 1923 to permit installation of but 8 of the 18 ducts and reduced amount to $80 per year. Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Co.: Permit to construct, install and main- to 'n underneath the bridge and approaches thereto, a ten-duct conduit for $100 per year; dated November 29, 1922. FRANCIS SCOTT KEY BRIDGE. 2003 Georgetown Gas Light Co.: Permit to construct, install and maintain under- neath the bridge and approaches thereto, a 12" gas main for $130 per year; dated January 15, 1923. Washington-Virginia Railway Co.: Revocable license to construct, maintain and operate trackage and a loading platform on south approach; dated July 10, 1923. Washington-Virginia Railway Co.: Lease of parcel of land on south approach for $335 per year for maintaining a station building; dated July 10, 1923. The total expenditures for the fiscal year were $1,936.01 for plans and land, and $243,713.37 for construction. Water main.-With the exception of a few fittings, valves, etc., the material for the water main was obtained from surplus property stocks. Due to the amount of money available and the price of mate- rial and labor this was the only means of completing the work with the money at hand. At the end of the fiscal year the line was com- plete from the point of connection at the north approach to the south abutment, and work had begun on the remaining section which ex- tends from the south abutment to the southern boundary line of the Government reservation. The total expenditures were $5,840.78, for installation. CONDITION AT END OF FISCAL YEAR. The work is about 96.5 per cent completed, based on work done and materials received. The expenditures under the project to -June 30, 1923, were-- For plans and land------------------------------------ $145, 248. 00 For construction 1_-- -- ---- --- --------- 2, 223, 472. 97 Total ------------ ------------------------------ 2, 368, 720.97 Water main.-The work is about 72 per cent completed based on the length of-line laid and materials received. The expenditures under the project to June 30, 1923, were materials and labor, $5,840.78. PROPOSED OPERATIONS. It is proposed to complete the underpinning of the south approach retaining walls by means of concrete piers placed on bed rock and to complete the balustrade on these walls when settlement is stopped; to complete the sidewalks and parked areas on the south approach as soon as settlement of the present fill ceases; to complete the fill on the' west side of the south approach as soon as the Washington & Old Dominion Railway tracks are removed from the Aqueduct Bridge ; to have the Capital Traction Co. install their tracks on the south approach as soon as settlement is complete; to complete the removal of plant and pointing up concrete. Upon completion the bridge will be turned over to the Commissioners of the District of Columbia in accordance with a provision in the District of Columbia appropria- tion act of February 28, 1923. Water main.-Work on laying the line will be continued to com- pletion. 1After deducting receipts from transfer of cableway, amounting to $3,000. 2004 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. COMMERCIAL STATISTICS. The bridge has had only vehicular and pedestrian traffic upon it as the car tracks have not been extended beyond the south abutment. Financial sumqnary. PLANS AND LANDS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work ---------------------------------------- $145, 248. 00 Maintenance 145, 248..00 Total appropriations to date of this report--------------------- 150, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work.........$90, 048.08 $15, 412.62 $4, 954.98 $1, 835.95 $1, 936.01 Expended for maintenance ................. ................... ......... ........ ... Appropriated orallotted................... ................................... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended -- ___----------- __-___--__ $6, 688. 01 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year for new work__. 1, 936.01 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ----------------------------- 4, 752. 00 CONSTRUCTION. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deduct- ing receipts from transfer, etc., amounting to $3,000: New work -------------------------------------- $2, 223, 472.97 Maintenance .. _ --- _ Total appropriations to date of this report ------------------ 2, 350, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1..... $317,991.36 $443, 636. 45 $576, 631.50 $387, 205.04 $243, 713.37 Expended for maintenance... ........... ......................... ...... Appropriated or allotted....... . 300, 000.00 850, 000. 00 450, 000.00 250, 000.00 ..... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ---------------- $367, 240. 40 Receipts from transfer during fiscal year 1923 (cableway trans- ferred to United States engineer ofice, Florence, Ala.)----------- 3, 000. 00 370, 240. 40 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year for new work __ 243, 713. 37 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended----__------ __-------- 126, 527. 03 J.uly 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-------------- ------------ 12, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available--------------- -------------- 114, 527. 03 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF THE WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 2005 WATER MAIN. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work------------------------------------------- $5, 840. 78 Maintenance--------------------------------- Total appropriations to date of this report ........---------- - 8,100. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work................................................. ......... $5,840.78 Expended for maintenance................................................ Appropriated or allotted........ $8,100.00..... . .. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended---- 00 $--------------- June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year for new work, .. 5, 840. 78 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_ -------- ___------ 2,259.22 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities- -------------- 2, 259. 22 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF THE WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. District engineer: Maj. M. C. Tyler, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer: Col. James C. Sanford, Corps of Engineers, to July 12, 1922, and Col. H. C. Newcomer, Corps of Engineers, since July 13, 1922. LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION. The work includes the dam at Great Falls, about 2,800 feet in length; the conduit and tunnels, aggregating 16 miles in length; 3 sedimentation reservoirs, each about 42 acres in area; about 900 acres of land; 4 bridges; fences; 3 pumping stations; 43 gatehouses, dwell- ings, and other buildings; 1 coagulating plant; 29 one-acre filters; 1 filtered-water reservoir; 29 sand bins; 1 pumping station for pump- ing the entire water supply to the filters; telephone line; motor vehicles; and 432 water meters on Federal services. The work also includes the Conduit Road, a greatly used metaled thoroughfare, 13 miles in length, extending along and above the con- duit at localities; and the McMillan Park, situated in the District of Columbia between Michigan Avenue and Bryant Street and North Capitol and Fourth Streets NW. The latter comprises the filtration plant, the McMillan Park Reservoir, and the surrounding grounds, having a total area of 118 acres. The control of the system was vested in the Chief of Engineers by the act of March 2, 1867, and section 1800, Revised Statutes. PREVIOUS PROJECTS.: The original project for the construction of the Washington iAque- duct was prepared in accordance with the acts of Congress of Sep- tember 30, 1850,. and August 31, 1852, and adopted by the act of March 3, 1853. (See S. Ex. Doc. No. 48; 32d Cong., 2d sess.) Water from Little Falls Branch was admitted in 1859 and from the Potomac in 1863. Money for the construction of the Conduit Road, built to afford ready access to all parts of the aqueduct, was first apropriated by the act of July 15, 1870. The work was completed in 1875. 2006 REPORT OF CHIEF, OF ,ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The dam at Great Falls was extended to the Virginia shore in 1886 in compliance with the act of July 15, 1882, and it was raised in 1896 in compliance with the act of March 2, 1895. The water from Little Falls Branch became polluted and was excluded from the system in 1895, in accordance with the act of March 2, 1895. Commencing with funds appropriated by the act of July 15, 1882, a tunnel about 10 feet in diameter and 4 miles long was gradually built from the Georgetown Reservoir to McMillan Park, near the Howard University Grounds, where a new distributing reservoir was built. This work was completed in 1902. In 1905 the entire distribution system was turned over to the gov- ernment of the District of Columbia, subject to certain restrictions. Under the authority of the act of March 3, 1899, an investigation was made into the subject of filtering the water supply. Commenc- ing with the appropriation made by the act of June 6, 1900, the construction of a slow sand filtration plant was prosecuted, and this plant was put in operation in 1905. With a view to providing clear water at times of high turbidity in the supply, a coagulating plant was built, as authorized by the act of May 18, 1910. Georgetown Reservoir was also remodeled as a settling basin, as authorized by the act of March 2, 1911, and again put in operation in 1913. Commencing with the act of May 18, 1910, appropriations were made for metering various Government services. The total expenditures on the entire system to June 30, 1923, in- cluding outstanding liabilities, were $14,943,242.40, of which $11,493,- 195.33 was for construction and $3,450,047.07 was for maintenance and operation. EXISTING PROJECT. The existing project provides for the care, maintenance, and operation of the system up to the point where the water is delivered to the cast-iron mains at the east shaft gatehouse, and also for the care and maintenance of the Conduit Road, McMillan Park, and the meters on the various Government services.. RECOMMENDED MODIFICATIONS' OF PROJECT. None. LOCAL COOPERATION. Up to the end of June 30, 1916, the expenses of the Washington Aqueduct were paid one-half by the District of Columbia and one- half by the United States, since which time they have been paid wholly out of the revenues of the water department of the District of Columbia. EFFECT OF IMPROVEMENT. An uninterrupted supply of w'ater has been furnished to the city of Washington. OPERATIONS AND RESyLTS DURING FISCAL YEAR. Operations during the year were carried on under the following heads: MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF THE WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 2007 1. MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION. The usual routine operations were carried on. The purification of the water was very satisfactory. The average turbidity was re- duced from 90 to 0, and the bacterial content from 2,200 to 8 per cubic centimeter. The average consumption was 64.63 million gal- lons per day, making the average per capita consumption 142 gallons per day. Seven thousand eight hundred and twenty-four pounds of liquid chlorine, at the rate of 0.25 part per million gallons, were applied to the water leaving the filtered water reservoir for sterili- zation between January 5 and March 21. The work was done by hired labor and the expenditures, includ- ing outstanding liabilities, were $167,000.77. The following tables show details of the results obtained: TABLE 1.-Consumption (in million 4allons) of water per 24 hours. (A) MAXIMUM. Fiscal years. Month. 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 July............. .... 62.11 65. 47 66.41 77.89 75. 64 79. 96 76. 46 71.49 August.............. . 62. 34 64.04 71.76 75. 08 77.95 75. 85 71. 50 70. 13 September ........... 59. 61 66. 10 66.58 75. 66 76. 48 82. 05 74.61 71.01 October............ . 62.00 59. 68 67. 42 71.66 75.36 72.69 68. 89 71.55 November. .......... 56. 39 58. 39 64. 00 75. 39 70.35 68. 10 64.89 69. 20 December............ 56. 11 59.03 68. 97 69.42 76.89 67.82 66.61 67.59 January............. 57. 80 61. 56 75. 87 74. 69 79. 42 67.53 74. 86 65. 27 February ........... 57.74 68. 82 80.59 68. 79 72.91 65. 56 74.73 69.65 March .............. 58. 04 58. 85 70. 91 65. 58 72. 00 67.60 69.32 65.96 April................... 55. 70 56.37 69. 12 68. 52 68.39 66.93 67. 74 71. 28 May............... 60. 67 60. 59 75. 09 68. 42 69.00 66. 45 70. 34 71.06 June................ 58. 14 68.26 78.44 77.33 74.27 81.92 72.58 80.00 (B) MINIMUM. July................ 48. 49 47. 66 47. 18 60.33 60.59 57.54 59. 68 54. 94 August .............. 47.10 50.05 51.17 63.61 60.59 57.94 54.88 54.44 September ........ ... 43. 51 48. 17 50. 64 60. 22 61.32 58. 63 56.60 56. 30 October.............. 46. 66 44.34 52. 61 55. 68 62. 60 59.17 55. 23 56. 96 November ........... 44. 24 41.98 50.05 56. 84 58.46 50. 21 53. 21 55.92 December............ 37.95 43. 19 47. 18 52. 55 54.75 49. 25 52. 33 51.96 January.............. 38.62 4'1.50 64. 60 54. 89 59.99 51. 16 44.73 55. 96 February. ........... 41. 13 44.94 58. 56 51.86 57.67 51. 56 52. 09 57. 40 March .............. 42. 78 39. 06 53. 50 52. 92 59. 40 53. 58 54. 13 55. 91 April................. 43.84 42.49 53.01 53.83 55.98 53.91 55.87 54.93 May................ 44. 23 44.05 59. 83 55. 66 54. 32 53.48 53.93 60.10 June ................. 44. 50 45.10 54.92 57.91 53. 21 55. 78 55.75 62. 99 (C) AVERAGE. July............... 55.93 56.76 58.58 66.64 68.55 68.10 69.03 65.00 August.............. 55. 46 57. 88 62. 37 70. 48 69. 43 68. 37 64. 94 64.93 September ........... 55.04 57.07 60.60 68.03 69.91 68.92 66.53 65. 80 October ............ 54.48 51.59 58.50 65.62 68.48 67.29 64.48 65.17 November............ 49.78 50.95 55.41 65. 29 64.53 63.86 61.69 62.76 December............48. 41 50.74 58.15 63. 50 65.50 62.05 61.55 62. 29 January............. 49. 31 51.92 70. 88 66. 06 67. 27 61.46 62.09 62. 12 February ........... 49.46 54. 25 68.21 62.20 66.97 60. 46 62.07 63.27 March............... 49.49 49. 89 62.04 61.33 66.04 60.62 61.09 62. 44 April................ 50.14 50.49 62.38 62.15 63.71 61. 74 62.00 64. 00 May ............... 52. 67 53. 69 67. 51 63. 91 63.59 61.47 64.37 65. 87 June ............... 52. 61 60. 08 67.75 67.65 67. 02 69.54 64. 66 72.01 Average.............. 51. 91 53. 81 62.67 65. 26 66. 75 64. 49 63. 71 64 63 Population....... 357,749 359,997 395,947 417,405 455,428 437,571 454,026 454,026 Daily per capita con- sumption, gallons.. 145 149 158 156 147 147 140 142 2008 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. TABLE 2.-Consumption of water in Government buildings. Average daily consumption in gallons for the fiscal year- Location. 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Municipal building ............. 54,100 54, 60( 46, 800 42, 400 32, 600 35, 000 26,050 Government Printing Office.... 2, 927, 400 2, 572, 10( 2,527,300 2, 653, 500 1, 733,100) 1,546,800 1,819700 Navy yard.................... 1,093,000 2, 316,80( 1,595,200 1,054, 500 901,320 1,768,400 1,2Q99,300 Soldiers' Home ............... 306, 300 231,90( 252,500 344, 200 145,600 200,000 290,100 Walter Reed Hospital......... 30,600 115,50( 253,000 364, 400 243,200 300,000 294,690 Marine Barracks.............. 70, 500 95,20( 99,700 100,600 96,600 130, 000 87,240 Zoological Park............... 399,800 457,700 345 700 384,300 382, 100 348,000 328,150 Howard University............. 25,800 27,700 26,400 31,900 30,700 27,100 43,200 Freedmen's Hospital.......... 62,900 71,900 82,000 77,500 80,900 73, 000 74,030 Washington Aqueduct......... 99, 800 136,700 100, 400 37,300 34, 100 77,000 68,470 Naval Hospital and Medical School........... ......... 70 900 69, 800 107,800 112,400 104, 600 90,000 78, 470 Hygienic Laboratory ..... ..... 22 200 14, 40( 12, 200 9,200 14,700 41,500 36,820 Library of Congress............ 143,000 155,40( 116,100 94,900 105,400 103,000 107,400 National Museum ............. 35, 700 26, 200 39 700 62, 500 61, 000 55,900 32,190 Bureau Engraving and Printing. 1,041,000 1,248, 500 1,390 300 1,264 700 1,323,300 1,567,000 1,611,600 Agricultural Department ...... 600,100 499, 000( 463,600 523 400 533,540 293,000 321,500 Treasury Department ................. 65,000 76,500 169,600 200,000 184,528 State, War, and Navy Depart- ment....................... ...... 700, 400 810,200 917, 950 600,000 762,040 Seamen Gunners' Quarters ..... ....... 37,100 47,600 81,000 82,000 109,320 2728 Pennsylvania Avenue............ 1,300 5,300 600 700 366 Fort Myer Service ............ ........ 94,100 177,600 331,100 334,600 298,720 Army and Navy Annex............... 383,700 165,300 186,500 231,200 Botanic Gardens ......... .......... 21,000 4,400 6,200 4,715 Bureau of Standards........... ....... 182, 700 140, 600 175,700 143,800 Capitol.... ................... ......... 276,300 301,000 268,000 277,800 Coast and Geodetic Survey... ........ 9,700 28,500 26,300 7,650 Columbia Hospital ................. 10,700 84,500 100,500 96,840 Columbia Institute for the Deaf. ......... 16,500 17,700 23,300 23,570 Congressional Power Plant ........... 73,800 60, 800 70,500 63,380 Courthouse................ .......... 4,700 9,700 12,100 8,075 Court of Claims.................... 900 900 1,900 1,637 Customhouse...................... 800 4,600 4,300 4,492 Ellipse........................... 16,700 48,100 43,500 46,060 Federal Board for Vocational Education. ......................... 4,300 3,000 5,200 3,645 Fish Commission ................... 5,100 179, 400 120, 700 134, 900 Food Administration............... 25,400 15,000 16,500 28 230 Ford's Theater.. ............ ........ 10,300 29,200 10,600 2,720 House Office Building ........ ....... 150, 500 240,900 201,000 231,400 Interior Department................ 81900 96,600 90, 000 93,034 Land Office Building................. 88,000 91,400 93, 200 59,100 Marine Hospital............. ...... 2900 1,500 2,000 3,610 Monument Grounds............ ...... 97,700 142,900 120,900 87,050 Naval Observatory.................... 22,500 26,500 25,000 40, 560 Office of Chief Signal Officer ........... 23J500 19,300 20,000 13,300 Patent Office.... ................ 62,900 60,100 54,000 47,950 Pension Building................. 22 500 27,600 20,000 13,150 Post Office........................... .221,100 414,300 400,000 356,900 Potomac Park.... ............... 143,200 214, 800 158,000 218,400 Senate Office Building......... ...... 183,900 183,700 220,000 196,600 Treasury Annex No. 1........ ...... 15,900 28,400 20,800 23,275 Treasury Annex No. 2.................. 42,900 49,100 40,000 42,310 United States Dormitories...... ......... 134,700 127,800 141,400 101,330 United States Fuel Adminis- tration............................. 6,800 8,000 5,100 9,510 U n it e d States Government Asylum ............................... 8,500 4,800 2,300 197 War Department Buildings........... 184,400 114,900 54,000 22,089 War Industrial Board Annex......... 6,600 2,700 2,000 23,840 War Risk Bureau..................... 112,200 95,400 990,000 87,720. War Trade Board Building........... 18,100 9,400 35,000 28,860 Washington Barracks..... .......... 225,400 180,100 173,000 154,000 Weather Bureau .... 24,400 23,800 20,000 16,380 White House.................... 17,300 94,200 11, 500 21,530 Winder Building..................... 16,200 20,200 16000 37,830 Archie Butts Building.,.... ........ 2,500 2,700 607 Bureau of Insular Affairs..... .. ..... .......... ::: ::: 2,100 1,300 132 Darby Building .................... 11,700 8,400 5,162 Graham Building.......... ........ 6,700 8,000 2,110 Office buildings.... ............... 6,100, 5,300 5,830 Pan American Building...... .... . 9,000 8,200 7,110 Tempo, No. 3, Pettus Building......... 9,000 5,000 8,610 Red Cross.... ......... . ...- . 12,000 15,000 6,680 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF THE WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 2009 TABLE 2.-Consumption of water in Government buildings-Continued. Average daily consumption in gallons for the fiscal year- Location. 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 War Telegraph and Telephone Building ................ ........................... 1,500 2,00( 1,488 Freer Gallery of Art.......... 2, 20( 958 Rock Creek Park.... .. 19,000 18,730 United States Railroad Admin- istration...................... 5,803 Old Emergency Hospital....... 7,170 Interstate Commerce Commis- sion........................ 27,330 Justice Department............ Civil Service Commission....... Commerce Building......... i i iiiiiliii....... I ......... . .. riii ...... :........ ...... ............ I-- - +- I I I - I.. I 7,698 11,190 37,080 Total consumption ....... .......... .......... .......... 11,336,400 10,911,5 1 11,037, 10 11,036,226 TABLE 3.-Bacteria per cubic centimeter. (A) MAXIMUM. voir. Reser- Dalecarlia George- McMillan Filtered Fiscal year. Reservoir Reservoir water Inlet. Outlet. outlet. outlet. reservoir. 1915-16.................. . . .............................. ....... 230,000 165,000 18,000 8 400 150 1916-17............................................... 65,000 30,000 26 000 6,600 165 1917-18............................... .............. 160000 40,000 3200 9, 500 262 1918-19........ .............. .. .............. 204 000 39 500 15 500 2 900 62 1919-20............................................ 245,000 180,000 279:000 58, 000 2,500 1920-21 ........................................... 99, 000 51,000 21,000 4,900 112 1921-22............................................ 42, 500 22,000 6 500 1,650 60 1922-23 ............... .............. ....... 36,000 20, 500 2 900 1,350 53 (B) MINIMUM. 1915-16................ ........ ......... ................... 40 22 15 15 1 1916-17............................ 12 19 16 19 1 1917-18.......................................... ........ 26 14 13 14 1 1918-19................................ 50 40 15 15 0 1919-20............................................. 20 20 15 11 1 1920-21 ..................................... .. 45 30 20 10 1 1921-22......................................... 50 25 25 12 1 1922-23 ........................................ 75 60 50 18 1 (C) AVERAGE. 1915-16...................................... 5540 4,720 990 406 15 1916-17 ....... ........... .............................. 4,760 2,600 770 387 13 1917-18......................................... ..... 4 450 1,740 350 350 11 1918-19.............................................. 3790 1,380 370 200 10 1919-20 ............................................. 10 838 6, 962 4, 979 2, 044 46 1920-21 .............................................. 3, 801 1,669 942 295 14 1921-22............ ........................ ............. 2,435 1,129 459 246 8 1922-23................... ....... ............... 2,200 1,274 486 213 8 2010 REPORT OF HIEF. OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. TABLE 4.--Results of tests for bacillus coli. (A) TOTAL SAMPLES EXAMINED. Great Falls or McMillan Park Tap water Dalecarlia Dalecarlia Georgetown Reservoir Filtered from Fiscal year. Reservoir Reservoir Reservoir ' outlet water various inlets outlet. outlet. (applied reservoir. parts of water). the city. Cubic centimeters 10 1 0.1 10 1 0. 1 10 1 0. 1 10 1 0.1 10 1 10 1 1915-16.......... 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 366 366 366 366 366 886 886 1916-17...........305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 365 365 365 365 365 885 885 1917-18...........301 301 301 301 301 301 305 305 305 365 365 365 365 365 885 885 1918-19...........305 305 305 306 306 306 306 306 306 365 365 365 365 365 861 861, 1919-20...........304 304 304 305 305 305 291 291 291 366 366 366 366 366 860 860 1920-21...........304 304 304 305 305 305 305 305 305 365 365 365 365 365 831 831 1921-22.......... 299 299 299 299 299 299 300 300 300 364 364 364 364 364 823 823 1922-23...........301 301 301 303 3Q3 303 304 304 304 364 364 364 364 364 833 833 (B) NUMBER POSITIVE. 1915-16.......... 181 137 70 135 83 23 58 24 2 22 7 0 0 0 4 2 1916-17......... 209 160 88 184 110 35 94 33 1 48 12 0 0 0 0 0 1917-18...........180 122 61 136 86 35 72 32 3 43 13 0 5 0 3 0 164 1918-19............ 102 34 121 76 10 72 8 0 52 3 0 0 0 0 0 1919-20...........263 160 56 233 136 21 169 47 2 157 13 0 12 0 25 0 1920-21...........242 154 53 214 114 23 171 80 3 140 26 0 21 0 43 1 241 1921-22-........... 168 51 216 129 12 182 68 0 144 23 0 29 0 34 0 1922-23...........E 260 158 28 237 125 8 203 79 0 177 44 0 36 0 39 6 (C) PERCENTAGE POSITIVE. 1915-16........... 59.3 44.9 22.9 44.3 27.2 7.5 19.1 7.9, 0.6 6.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.2 1916-17............ 68. 5 52. 5 28.9 60. 3 36.1 11.5 30. 8 10.8 .3 13.2 3.3 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 1917-18........... 59.8 40.5 20.3 45.1 28.6 11.6 23.6 10.5 .9 11.8 3.7 .0 1.4 .0 .3 .0 1918-19........... 53.7 33.4 11.1 39.5 24.8 3.223.5 2.6 .0 14.2 .82 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 1919-20.......... 86.5 52.6 18.4 76.4 44.6 6.8 58.1 16.1 .6 42.9 3.5 .0 3.2 .0 2.9 .0 1920-21........... 79.5 50.7 17.4 70.2 37.4 7.5 56.1 26.2 .9 38.4 7.1 .0 5.7 .0 5.1 .1 1921-22........... 80.6 56.2 17.1 72.2 43.1 4.1 60.1 22.7 .0 39.0 6.3 .0 8.0 .0 4.1 .0 1922-23........... 81.5 52.5 6.0 78.2 41.2 3.8 66.8 26.0 .0 48.6 12.1 .0 9.9 .0 4.7 0.7 (D) AVERAGE NUMBER PER 100 CUBIC CENTIMETERS. 1915-16........... 575. 4 184.3 13.0 2. 3 0.1 0. 3 1916-17........... 1, 109,6 340.0 15.7 4.4 .0 .0 1917-18....... 1, 352.7 276.0 20.8 4.4 .2 .0 1918-19 ....... 135. 7 52. 9 4. 6 2.1 .0 .0 1919-20........... 455. 8 138. 6 25. 4 7. 4 .4 .3 1920-21........... 561.7 136.4 37.6 10.1 .4 6 1921-22......... 364.2 139. 27.4 9.7 .7 .4 1922-23....... 139. 6 68. 7 30. 3 15.2 .99 1.1 TABLE 5.--Number of deaths from typhoid fever in District of Columbia. (A) TOTAL NUMBER BY MONTHS. Fiscal year. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. Total, 1909-10............. 12 12 17 12 12 2 3 4 7 5 5 4 95 1910-11 .............. 6 12 13 8 9 5 6 4 4 3 8 2 80 1911-12.............. 5 11 7 5 8 11 8 1 1 4 2 2 65 1912-13............ 11 9 16 11 8 6 4 4 4 2 2 5 82 1913-14.............. 7 9 2 11 2 4 3 4 2 1 1 4 50 1914-15...............4 11 8 3 2 4 2 2 4 1 2 2 45 1915-16 ............... 4 7 3 6 9 1 3 1 2 3 2 6 47 1916-17.............. 7 8 7 3 3 1 3 0 0 4 1 2 39 1917-18.............. 2 10 12 8 4 2 4 2 1 1 0 8 54 1918-19.............. 12 5 7 3 0 5 1 0 0 0 2 0 35 1919-20. ............ 0 4 1 4 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 18 1920-21............. 4 3 6 5 4 3 2 3 1 4 1 2 38 1921-22............. 6 6 5 3 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 6 30 1922-23.............. 2 2 4 1 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 3 18 Average,189-1923.. 10. 5 16.6 15. 3 13. 7 10. 6 8. 6 6.4 3.3 13. 75 4. 45 4.15 5.5 102. 8 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF'THE WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 2011 TABLE 6.-Summary of co8sts per million gallons. Operation of Washington Aqueduct---- ----- _- - $0.939 Preliminary treatment------------------------------------- . 553 Sterilization --------------------------------------- -- .084 Pumping --------------------------------------------------- 3.045 Filter operations-------------- ------------------------------ 1. 409 Buildings and grounds___----------------------------1. 049 Total------- ----------------------------------------- 7. 079 2. EMERGENCY FUND. On July 19, 1922, the drainage ditch around Dalecarlia Reservoir gave way in a number of places, due to the severe storms at that time, and the breaks were immediately repaired at a cost of $3,282. 3. ORDINARY REPAIRS, ETC., CONDUIT ROAD. This work consisted of ordinary repairs to the macadam road sur- face, grading, opening ditches, and other maintenance of the Conduit Road. The work was done by hired labor, and the expenditures, including outstanding liabilities, were $5,000. 4. ADDITIONAL PUMPING FACILITIES. The Harrisburg Foundry & Machine Works, which has the con- tract for rebuilding the engines in the pumping station at the filtra- tion plant, continued work during the year. The material is now all on the ground and completion of the contract early in the next fiscal year is expected. The amount expended, including outstanding liabilities, was $10,214.61. TOTAL EXPENDITURES. The total expenditures, under all the above headings, from the appropriations for this year, including outstanding liabilities, were $175,282.77. In other words, this amount represents the cost for the year of the above works as nearly as it can be determined at the present time. It may be slightly in error, however, since the out- standing liabilities are indeterminate in some cases. The distribution of expenditures was as follows: Reservoirs ____________ $1,275. 57 Conduit ------------- $891. 45 Buildings and grounds . 23, 384. 82 Water mains 667. 74 1-------------, Roads _______ __ 3, 314. 00 Patrolling and guarding Fences ------------------ 141.04 property --------------- 3, 553. 00 Pumping stations and ma- Maintenance of meters__- 3, 846. 01 chinery _________ _ 65, 461.37 Motor vehicles , 593. 44 6----------- Preliminary treatment--.. 13, 040. 84 Plant account ----------- 1, 193. 60 Filter operations---------23, 982. 61 Overhead --------------- 15, 184. 14 Telephone line ----------- 1, 494. 43 Emergency fund ------ 3, 282.00 Ordinary repairs, etc., Con- duit Road------ 5 000.00 Total------------ 175, 282. 77 Sterilization ---------- 1,976. 71 The nature of the above work was such that it is impracticable to give unit costs which would be comparable with those in other dis- tricts and they have therefore been omitted. The purification plant was continuously in operation throughout the year and the results, amount of work, and cost, including the same for previous years, for comparison, are summarized in the preceding tables. 2012 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. PROPOSED OPERATIONS. (a) Funds appropriated for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1924, by the District of Columbia appropriation act, approved February 28, 1923, will be used as follows: For operation, including salaries of all necessary employees, mainte- nance, and repair of Washington Aqueduct and its accessories, McMillan Park Reservoir, Washington Aqueduct tunnel, the filtra- tion plant, the plant for the preliminary treatment of the water supply, purchase, installation, and maintenance of water meters on Federal services, vehicles, purchase of one passenger automobile, and for each and every purpose connected therewith------------.. $170, 000 For ordinary repairs, grading, opening ditches, and other maintenance of Conduit Road----------------------------------------- 5, 000 For emergency fund, to be used only in case of a serious break requir- ing immediate repairs in one of the more important aqueduct or fil- tration plant structures, such as a dam, conduit, tunnel, bridge, building, or important piece of machinery---------------------- 5, 000 (b) The amounts which can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 (estimated), are as follows: For operation, including salaries of all necessary employees, mainte- nance, and repair of Washington Aqueduct and its accessories, McMillan Park Reservoir, Washington Aqueduct tunnel, the filtra- tion plant, the plant for the preliminary treatment of the water supply, purchase, installation, and maintenance of water meters on Federal services, vehicles, and for each and every purpose con- nected therewith------- ------------------------------ $170, 000 For ordinary repairs, grading, opening ditches, and other maintenance of Conduit Road------- -------------------- 5, 000 For emergency fund, to be used only in case of a serious break requir- ing immediate repairs in one of the more important aqueduct or fil- tration plant structures, such as a dam, conduit, tunnel, bridge, building, or important piece of machinery; all expenditures from this appropriation shall be reported in detail to Congress---------- 5, 000 Total ---------------------------------------- 180, 000 Nothing herein shall be construed as affecting the superintendence and con- trol of the Secretary of War over the Washington Aqueduct, its rights, appur- tenances, and fixtures connected with the same, and over appropriations and expenditures therefor as now provided by law. Financialsummary. Statement of expenditures on all projects to June 30, 1923. Washington Purification Metering Government Total. Aqueduct. plant. services. Appropriated to June 30 1923 ......... $10,704,231.81 $4,495,334. 16 $66,050.00 $15, 265, 615. 97 Reverted to Treasury or held in reversion fund ............................. 172, 041. 87 164.431. 95 1,553. 59 338, 027. 41 Expended, including outstanding liabili- ities 1......... 10, 547, 843. 78 4, 330, 902. 21 64, 496.41 14, 943, 242. 40 For construction ................. .... 7, 919, 737. 21 3,508,961.71 64,496.41 11,493,195.33 For maintenance and operation........... 2,628,106.57 821,940.50 ............ 3,450, 047.07 Paid by United States................. 6,558,820. 83 2,165, 451. 105 9,648.23 8,733, 920. 165 Paid by District of Columbia ........... 2, 748, 516.26 2,165, 451.105 9, 648. 23 4, 923, 615. 595 Paid by water department, District of Columbia............... .... 1,240, 506.69 .............. 45,199.95 1,285, 706.64 SNot deducting $15,621.39 received from sale of land, etc., and $4,719.8 interest on claim of Maloney & Oleason. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF THE WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. 2013 Statement of expenditure8 on all projects to June 30, 1923-Continued. WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. For fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work....... 3, .00...................................... Expended for maintenance... 175,157.94 1$150, 000.00 1 181,452.31 1$208, 881.44 1175,282.77 Total expended........ ... 178,157.94 1 150, 000. 00 1 181, 452. 31 1208,881.441 1175,282.77 Appropriated or allotted......... 218, 000. 00 150, 000. 00 275, 000. 00 268, 547. 69 180, 000. 00 METERING GOVERNMENT SERVICES. Expended for new work......... $32, 000.00 1 9,458.94 $466.06 $141.90 ........... Appropriated or allotted......... 32, 000.00 9,600.00 ......................................... 1Including outstanding liabilities. WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT, D. C., 1921, MAINTENANCE. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended ---------.. ---------- $461. 42 June 30, 1923, amount expended duriAg fiscal year July 1, 1923, balance reverted and dropped-------- -- - 461. 42 WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT, D. C., 1922, MAINTENANCE. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended____-____--------- $30, 613. 34 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year ------------ 23, 572. 72 July 1, 1923, balance available------------___------------ 7, 040. 62 WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT, D. C., 1923, MAINTENANCE. Amount appropriated by act approved June 29, 1922------------ $170, 000. 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year- ----- -139, 878. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended______---------- ------------- 30, 122. 00 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-------------------------- 30, 122. 00 EMERGENCY FUND, 1923. Amount appropriated by act approved June 29, 1922------- $5, 000. 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year--....... -___ 3, 282. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ___------- - -_____ -___-1, 718. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available-------------------------- 1, 718. 00 WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT, D, C., 1922, ORDINARY REPAIRS, ETC., CONDUIT ROAD. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended.------- ----------------.. _ $107.36 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year----------------- 107. 36 WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT, D. C., 1923, ORDINARY REPAIRS, ETC., CONDUIT ROAD. Amount appropriated by act approved June 29, 1922__------------- $5, 000. 00 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year ----- _------_ 3, 843. 78 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ,156.22 1---------------------- July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities --..-------------- 1, 156. 22 2014 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT, D. C., 1922, ADDITIONAL PUMPING FACILITIES. July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ---------------------- $56,679.95 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities ------------------------- 7, 106. 18 July 1, 1923, balance available ------------------------ 49, 573. 77 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925;: Washington Aqueduct (maintenance)--------------------- 170, 000. 00 Ordinary repairs, Conduit Road----------------------- 5, 000. 00 APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT, DATES OF APPROVAL OF ACTS, AND REVERTMENTS TO TREASURY. Total appropriations to fiscal year ending June 30, 1922 (see Annual Report, 1922, p. 2170) ---------- --------------- $10,524, 231.81 Received for sale of land, etc-------------------------------- 15, 651.39 Interest on claim of Maloney & Gleason ------ --------. 4, 719.68 10, 544, 602. 88 Reverted to Treasury to 1915 ------- ---- $52, 082.79 Reverted to Treasury, fiscal year 1916---------- 4,183. 00 Reverted to Treasury, fiscal year 1917------------5,000. 00 Reverted to Treasury, fiscal year 1918___-------- 10, 214.16 Reverted to Treasury, fiscal year 1919 ---------- 39, 842. 06 Reverted to Treasury, fiscal year 1920 ----------- 592. 19 Reverted to Treasury, fiscal year 1921 -------- 461, 42 Reverted to Treasury to June 30, 1922- - ----------- 112, 875. 62 Available balance July 1, 1922: Aditional pumping facilities --------- -$49, 887. 65 Emergency fund, 1922 ----------------- 5, 000.00 Maintenance and operation, 1922- ---------- 4, 778. 60 Total unexpended balances--------------------------- 59, 666.25 Net amount expended to June 30, 1922__ -- --- 10, 372, 561.01 Appropriated June 29, 1922: Maintenance and operation---------------$170, 000. 00 Ordinary repairs, etc., Conduit Road-------- 5, 000. 00 Emergency fund-------------------------- 5, 000.00 TUotal -------------------------------- 180, 000. 00 Available balance July 1, 1923- -- ----- 4, 717.23 Expended, including outstanding liabilities, during fiscal year ending June 30, 1923 ----------------------- 175, 282.77 Amount expended, including outstanding liabilities to June 30, 1923 ---------------------------------------------- 10, 547, 843. 78 For construction -------------------------- - 7, 919, 737. 21 For maintenance and operation_ ---- ---------- 2, 628, 106. 57 Paid by the United States----------- ------------------- 6, 558, 820.83 Paid by the District of Columbia_--_----------- ----- 2, 748, 516.26 Paid by the water department, District of Columbia----------1, 240, 506. 69 Appropriations for purification plant: Total appropriated (see Annual Report, 1917, p. 3695)_... 4, 495, 334. 16 Reverted to Treasury ------------------- 164,431.95 Net amount expended__ 4, 330,902. 21 INOREASING WATER SUPPLY, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2015 For construction.............. $3,508, 961. 71 For maintenance and operation------------------------- 821, 940.50 Paid by the United States-.....---- -------------------- 2,165, 41.105 Paid by the District of Columbia------------------- 2,165, 451105 Appropriations for metering Government services: May 18, 1910------------------ ---------------- $7,000.00 June 26, 1912 ---------------------- 4, 850. 00 Mar. 4, 1913 -------- ----- 4 700. 00 July 21, 1914_-. 300. 00 14, Mar. 3, 1917---------------------------------------- 3, 600. 00 Aug. 31, 1918--------------------- ------------------ 32, 000. 00 July 11, 1919------------------ ----------------- 9,600.00 Total appropriations--------------------------------- 66, 050. 00 Reverted to Treasury to June 30, 1921 -------- - 1, 553. 59 Net amount expended to June 30 1922-------------------,---_ 64,496.41 Paid by the United States------------------------------- 9, 648. 23 Paid by the District of Columbia ----. __ ____-.. 9, 648. 23 -_____ Paid by the water department, District of Columbia 45, 199. 95 INCREASING WATER SUPPLY, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. District engineer:. Maj. M. C. Tyler, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer :Col. James C. Sanford, Corps of Engineers, to July 12, 19 2, and Col. H. C. Newcomer, Corps of E sinceigineers, July 13, 1922. LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION. The work includes the preparation of plans and the initiation of work for an increased water supply for the District of Columbia, in accordance with Potomac project E, described in the report pub- lished as Senate Document No. 403, Sixty-sixth Congress, third ses- sion. This project includes a new intake gate chamber above the present intake from the Potomac River at Great Falls, and a new aqueduct, nearly parallel to the present one, from this intake to the north end of Dalecarlia Reservoir. It also includes a rapid sand fil- tration plant, located on the west side of the Conduit Road, just below the District of Columbia line; a hydroelectric plant for gen- erating electrict current, to be used in pumping the filtered water, located west of the filtration plant; a pumping station at the filtra- tion plant; a storage reservoir, located in the District of Colum- bia between Dalecarlia Reservoir and the Bureau of Standards, for storing water to supply the second high service; a storage reservoir, located east of the present Georgetown Reservoir, for the first high service, and of the necessary pipe lines for carrying the filtered water from the new filtration plant to the first, second, and third high- service areas. The new additional water-supply works are to be used for purify- ing and supplying water to all the high areas within the District of Columbia where pumping is required to lift the water to the re- quired elevation. 61687-me 1923----127 _2016 REPORT OF CHIlEP O "'E GGti~EERSE, tV. S. ARMA , 1923. PREVIOUS PROJECTS. Various projects for increasing the water supply for the District of Columbia have been studied at various times in recent years. Re- ports thereon were published as follows: Preliminary Investigations and Surveys for increasing the Water Supply of the .District of Columbia, by MaJ. Jay J. Morrow, Corps of Engineers, House Document No. 347, Sixty-first Congress, second session. ,Water Preliminary Investigations and Surveys of Patuxent River as a source of Supply for the District of Columbia, by Lieut. Col. W. C. Langfitt, Corps of Engineers, House Document No. 1266, Sixty-second Congress, third session. Water Supply of the District of Columbia and the availability of the Water Power at Great Falls for Supplying Light and Power, by Lieut. Col. W. C. Langfitt, Corps of Engineers, House Document No. 1400, Sixty-second Congress, third session. Development of Great Falls for Water Power and Increase of Water Supply for the District of Columbia, by Maj. M. C. Tyler, Corps of Engineers, Senate Document No. 403, Sixty-sixth Congress, third session. EXISTING PROJECT. The Federal water power act approved June 10, 1920, appropri- ated the sum of $25,000 for an investigation and the submission of plans and estimates for an increased water supply for the District of Coluimbia. :The duty of making this investigation was assigned to the District engineer, Washington, D. C., whose report, published as Senate Document No. 403, Sixty-sixth Congress, third session, was adopted by the act of Congress approved June 30, 1921, making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year end- ing June 30, 1922, and for other purposes, which appropriated $200,000, to be expended in accordance with Potomac Project E, described in that report. The act making appropriations for the government of the District of Columbia for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1923, and for other purposes, approved June 29, 1922, placed the revised estimated cost of project E at $8,738,000, appropriated $1,500,000, and authorized contracts not to exceed in the aggregate the sum of $1,450,000 ad- ditional. The aec approved February 28, 1923, making appropriations for the government of the District of Columbia for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1924, and for other. purposes, appropriated $1,500,000 for continuing the work and allowed authorizations not to exceed in the aggregate the sum of $6,150,000, including all appropriations and contract authorizations therein and theretofore made. This act also provided for the Secretary of War to submit to Congress, on the first day of the next and each succeeding regular session of Congress until the entire project shall have been completed, a report showing the progress of the work and any revised estimates of cost, etc. RECOMMENDED MODIFICATIONS OF PROJECT. None. LOCAL COOPERATION. Of the appropriations so far made, $25,000 was appropriated wholly out of the revenues of the United Sates and thd balance out of the revenues payable 60 per cent by the District of Columbia and 40 per cent by the United States. INCREASING WATER SUPPLY, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2017 OPERATIONS AND RESULTS DURING FISCAL YEAR. Bids were opened July 1Ti 1922, on approved plans and specifica- tions for the constriction of the conduit; tunnel, gate chambei, eross- connection gate houses, inverted siphon, and all other structures be- tween shaft No. 3 and the gate chamber at IDalecarlia Reservoir. The Arundel Corporation, of Baltimore, Md., was the low bidder for the work in its entirety and the three contracts were awarded to it July 26, 1922. The contractor began the assembly of his plant immediately, and the first work was begun with a steam shovel in opening trench west of Cabin John Bridge on September 7, 1922. The work accomplished during the year is as follows: Ordinary earth excavation----------------------cubic yards__ 52, 395 Rock excavation -------------- ---------------- do_-_ 14, 931 Excavating in tunnel ----- -- do__ 3, 704 Timbering and bracing in tunnel-------------------------feet B. M__ 63, 900 Dry packing in tunnel --------------------- --------- cubic yards_ 273 Drilling and lining shaft --------------- ------- linear feet 48. 40 Sheeting and bracing placed--------------------- feet B. M__ 9, 546 Earth embankment placed----------------------cubic yards-_ 13, 766 Reinforcing steel placed- --------- ----------- pounds-- 76, 109: Concrete placed in culverts ----- ------------ -cubic yards__ 1, 326 Concrete placed in conduit-------------------- ------ do. 14, 139 The work of designing and making the main set of drawings for the substructures of the filtration plant and pumping station and for the pipe lines and reservoirs was completed by the district engineer and submitted to the Chief of Engineers for approval. The specifi- cations for the above work were completed but have not yet been submitted for approval. The acquisition of land necessary for this work was begun. Specifications were approved and bids invited for the remaining work on the conduit, being the construction of intake chamber, cut, and cover conduit and tunnel near Great Falls. TOTAL EXPENDITURES. Total expenditures from the appropriation for this year, including outstanding liabilities, were: Conduit, division No. 1------------------------------- $118, 898.41 Conduit, division No. 2 -------------------------------- 178, 595. 9.3 Conduit, division No. 3----------------------------------------- 74, 544. 59 Retaining walls ------------- ------------------------ 1, 87. 58 Field buildings -------------------------------------- 5, 814. 87 Waste Weir No. 2 ------------------------------------ 3, 165. 39 Acquisition of land-- -- 527. 49 8------------------------ 8, Construction materials------------- ----------------- 21, 674. 19 Plans and specifications ------------------------ 29, 942. 05 Engineering, clerical, contingencies, etc---------------- --------- 32, 468, 36 475, 507. 86; PROPOSED OPERATIONS. Bids will be opened July 20 for the construction of the intake gate chamber at Great Falls, the tunnel and a short section of the conduit between them passing under the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal. If bids are satisfactory and within the estimates, contracts will be let. 2018 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Bids will be invited about January 2, 1924, for the substructures of the filtration plant and pumping station. The designs of the various details of the mechanical apparatus, the superstructures of the buildings, and the hydroelectric plant will be completed. The contractor will continue work on the conduit and the various structures now under contract. The land and easements required for reservoirs and pipe lines will be purchased or suits brought in condemnation. The progress map attached shows the extent of the proposed work and the location of work already completed. The amount of work completed on the new conduit is about 16 per cent. This percentage is based upon the total estimated cost of the new conduit between Great Falls and Dalecarlia Reservoir and the amount expended thereon to July 1, 1923. The sum of $2,500,000 can be profitably expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for continuing work on. the project for an increased water supply for the District of Columbia, adopted by Congress in the Army appropriation act for the fiscal year 1922, as modified by the District of Columbia appropriation act for the fiscal year 1923 and by the District of Columbia appropriation act for the fiscal year 1924, and as further modified by the report sub- mitted to Congress by the Secretary of War, December 4, 1922, as follows: Contract for conduit, Great Falls to station 28+ -------------- $162, 000 Contract for filtration plant substructure ---------------------- 1, 042, 800 Contract for first high service reservoir---------------- -------- 389, 700 Contract for second high service reservoir---------------------- 361, 300 Pipe lines to connect filtration plant with reservoirs--------------- 544, 200 Total_-_-----------------------------------2, 500, 000 REVISED ESTIMATE OF WORK WITHIN THE DISTR1CT OF COLUMBIA. Lands and easements------------------------ --- $267, 000 Plans, estimates and specifications_ -------------------------- 50, 000 Filtration plant ------------- --------------------------- 2,084, 000 Relocation of railroad tracks-------------1-------------------- 4, 000 Power plant----------------------------------------------340, 000 Pumping station _____------------------- -- - -- - 455, 000 Reservoir for first high service ----------- ---- ----------- 379, 000 Pipe line for first high service----------------------------- 522, 000 Reservoir for second high service-------------------------- -353, 000 Tunnel for second high service .......---...------------- - - 363, 000 Pipe line for second high service---------------6-------, . 677, 000 Pipe line for third high service-------- ......... 321, 00 Pipe line from old filtered water reservoir -----.......... 100, 000 Total ----------------- --- ---- .5-- 5925, 000 REVISED ESTIMATE OF WORK OUTSIDE OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Land and easements -------------- ______ ----------------__ $14, 000 Plans, estimates, and specifications__-- ------ ---------- 40, 000 Surveys, borings, and test pits-.--- _-.. -------------- .. ----. 30, 000 Gate chamber at Great Falls--....-----.. - ------------- 55, 000 Conduit, section No. 1-- ---.-------- -- ----------- 38, 000 Tunnel at Great Falls-- ------------- ------ 323, 000 M A YL AND MCMILLAN PARK RESERVOIR GreatfFolls VIR GIN IA LEGEND .............. New Conduit INCREASE OF WAT ERSUPPLY FOR ------ Comp/eedp orfion ofNew Conduit DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ---- -- /sft High GENERAL MAPAn PROGRESS of WORK -_-_- ----- 2nd //qHh New Pipe Lines JUNE 30-1923 .. 3r..d....... / igh OScale: I inch= I mile SVew /Ffration Plant and Reservoirs 0 Mile Mark Sub ifEed A a Approved Drawn:C. P. H. Checked: 0. OM. Traced:C. P.H. 61637-23. (Face p. 2018.) INCREASING WA T ER SUPPLY, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2019: Cross connection gate houses -- L-. .. _. $--7,00 Work on. new conduit now under contract- ------- Superintendence and work done by the United States__ -- .-_ 2, 080),000 208, 000 Materials furnished by the United States for work ------ 40, 000 Temporary buildings------------------------------ 17, 000 Total -------- ---------------------- ----------- 2, 942, 000 RECAPITULATION. New work within the District of Columbia------------------- $5,925, 000 New work outside the District of Columbia- -------- __-- 2, 942, 000 Repairs to existing works within and outside of the District of Columbia --- -------- ----------------------------------- 302, 000 Grand total ------- -------------------------------- 9, 169, 000 Estimated cost November 18, 1922 ----------------------- 8,728, 000 Difference---------- ------------------------------ 441, 000 The difference in cost is due largely to the advance in prices of construction materials. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923: New work -------- --------------------------------- $470,028.90 Maintenance---------------- - ------- ---------------------- Total appropriations to date of this report ---- ___-- __-__ 3,200, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work........................ .... ........... .. 77,560.54 392, 468 36 Expended formaintenance..... ....................... ......... .. ... ... . ........ .. Appropriated or allotted.................. ............. 200, 000 00 1500,00000 1,500,000.00 July 1;1922, balance unexpended------------------------ $1, 622, 439. 46 Amount appropriated by District of Columbia appropriation act approved Feb. 28, 1923-------------------------------- 1, 500, 000. 00 3, 122, 439. 46 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year for new wcrk_ 392, 468. 36 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended--------------------------2, 729, 971. 10 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-.------ ___ $6, 000. 00 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted con- tracts--------------- -- ------- ------- 1, 807, 018. 26 1, 813,018. 26 July 1, 1923, balance available----------------------------- 916, 952. 84 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing project -------------------------------- 5, 538, 000. 00 Amount unappropriated for continuing contract authorization, act of' eb. 28, 1923------------------------------ 2,950,000.00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work .......-------------------------------- 2, 500,000.00 1 Exclusive of available funds. 2020 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. IMPROVEMENT AND CARE OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF THE WASHINGTON NATIONAL MONUMENT, CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF THE LINCOLN MEMO- RIAL, AND THE ERECTION OF MONUMENTS, MEMORIALS, ETC., WASHINGTON, D. C. Officer in charge: Lieut. Col. C. O. Sherrill, Corps of Engineers. CREATION OF OFFICE AND DUTIES OF OFFICER IN CHARGE. The Office of Public Buildings and Grounds was created in pur- suance of legislation described on pages 2021 and 2022, Annual Re- port of the Chief of Engineers for 1920. During the month of April, 1923, the office was moved from the Lemon Building, 1729 New York Avenue NW., which it had occupied since May 23, 1903, to the New Navy Building, Eighteenth and B Streets NW. The duties now assigned to the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds are as follows: 1. Maintenance, care, and repair of the Executive Mansion, grounds, and greenhouses (p. 2027). 2. Improvements, policing, care and maintenance of various parks and reser- vations in the District of Columbia (p. 2028). 3. Executive and disbursing officer, Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway Com- mission '(p. 2044). 4. Care and maintenance of the Washington National Monument (p. 2045). 5. Care and maintenance of the Lincoln Memorial (p. 2046). 6. Statues and their pedestals (p. 2047). 7. Care and maintenance of the propagating gardens (p. 2047). 8. Care of the building No. 516 Tenth Street NW., where Abraham Lincoln died (p. 2048). 9. The inspection of buildings occupied as offices by the War Department in the District of Columbia, except the State, War, and Navy Department Build- ing (p. 2048). 10. Superintendent, State, War, and Navy Department buildings (p. 2048). 11. Supervision of the Government wharf property on the Potomac River (p. 2049). 12. Care of the monument and wharf at Wakefield, Va., birthplace of Wash- ington (p. 2049). 13. Executive and disbursing officer Grant Memorial Commission (p. 2050). 14. Executive and disbursing officer Lincoln Memorial Commission (p. 2050). 15. Executive and disbursing officer Arlington Memorial Bridge Commission (p. 2050). 16. Executive and disburs:ng officer Arlington Memorial Amphitheater Com- mission (p. 2051). 17. Executive and disbursing officer of Commission on Memorial to Women of the Civil War (p. 2051). 18. Executive and disbursing officer of the Ericsson Memorial Commission (p. 2052). 19. Replacement of Lincoln Statue, Judiciary Park (p. 2052). 20. Supervising the erection of the monument in memory of Edmund Burke (p. 2052). 21. Supervising the erection of the Womens Titanic Memorial (p. 2052). 22. Supervising the erection of the Memorial to the Dead of the First Division, A. E. F. in the World War (p. 2053). 23. Executive officer Meade Memorial Commission (p. 2053). 24. Supervising the erection of the Memorial to Joseph J. Dailington (p. 2054). 25. Supervising the erection of the Memorial to Francis Asbury (p. 2054). 26. Supervising the erection of the George Washington Memorial Building (p. 2055). 27. Member of the Public Buildings Commission (p. 2056). 28. Disbursing officer White House police. 29. Military aide to the President. PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT'OF COLUMBIA. 202O G]NERAL STATEMENT. P4RKS AND PUBLIC GROUNDS The duties of the Office of Public Buildings and Grounds have continued to increase rapidly within the past few years. It now has supervision over about 481 separate parks varying in size from Rock Creek Park of 1,620 acres to the small triangular reservations at street intersections. These small and unnamed reservations have been steadily increasing in number with the expansion of the city of Washington, until now there are 446 of them in the park system. Sufficient funds have never been appropriated for properly caring for them, and consequently in many parts of the District where they are surrounded by attractive homes, funds are not available even for grading and seeding them, and keeping down the weeds. Last year there was appropriated under the head of "Various reservations" to care for these tracts the sum of $40,000, whereas the estimate was* $45,000. It is important that sufficient funds be appropriated each year at least to keep the land under Government ownership and care, in as creditable condition as that of the property owned by private individuals in the vicinity. The Anacostia River reclamation is now completed for section A. which is occupied by part of Bolling Field; section C, which lies between Bolling Field and the Anacostia Bridge; and section D, be- tween the Anacostia Bridge and the Pennsylvania Avenue Bridge. Section D has been transferred from the Washington District to the Office of Public Buildings and Grounds for improvement under an initial appropriation of $50,000, made in the District of Columbia appropriation act approved February 28, 1923. The entire project for this section involves an expenditure for improvement of $300,000. This park will be of great importance to the eastern and southeastern sections of the city, which heretofore have been poorly supplied with park areas. RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES. There has been a great increase in the use of the parks by resi- dents of the District and visitors to Washington, and of the recrea- tional facilities afforded by and in the public grounds. Outdoor bathing.-Probablythe most popular recreation as meas- ured by the number of participants, is outdoor bathing. The Tidal Basin bathing beach was- used by 409,700 bathers during the past fiscal year. There was no extension of the beach facilities last year, but the demand therefor is great. Golf.-The next most popular recreational activity measured by the number of participants, is the game of golf. There are two nine- hole golf courses in operation in East Potomac Park, a nine-hole course in West Potomac Park, and a nine-hole course in Rock Creek Park. The second nine holes in East Potomac Park were completed during the fiscal year, as was also the very good course in Rock Creek Park. A total of 198,402 games were played on the courses during the fiscal year. Notwithstanding the great increase in golf facilities provided in the parks in the past two years, the demand for the courses is rela- 2O2. REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. tively as great as ever, and the number of players seems to be limited only by the number that the courses can accommodate. As all of the courses are entirely self-supporting, it is considered good policy to extend or increase them as rapidly as space becomes available con- sistent with their use. Tennis.-This is the third most popular recreation, and the exist- ing courts, forty-seven (47) in number, are insufficient to meet even a small part of the demand. During the fiscal year an arrangement was made by which 38 of the courts became practically self-support- ing under the Joint Welfare Service, operated jointly by the Office of Public Buildings and Grounds, and the office of the superintend- ent, State, War and Navy Department buildings. The other courts are maintained as' heretofore, out of public funds, no charge being made for the privilege of playing. Some of them are somewhat isolated in single units, and it is not feasible to make each one self- ,supporting under the Joint Welfare Service. Any surplus that may result from the operation of the tennis courts will be used for in- creasing these and similar facilities. The three athletic activities described above are self-supporting. Tourist camp..-Last year an effort was made to provide space and facilities in East Potomac Park for automobile tourists to encamp in a sanitary, well-ordered and wholesome location. During that sea- son the facilities were extremely limited but under an appropriation of $5,000 from Congress, it was possible to make certain improve- ments of the camp area in the way of drainage and !grading and.the partial adaptation of old frame buildings to the use of tourists. The camp, starting last year only, was used by 8,224 cars and 23,320 per- sons during the fiscal year. About half of the camp area has been improved with first-class drainage, which has been of great benefit on account of the flatness of this' terrain. Another considerable im- provement made during the latter part of the fiscal year 'was the rearrangement of a war time garage to provide toilets, showers, grocery store, cafeteria, headquarters office, automobile repair shop, and spare parts supply. The former small office building is now used exclusively for toilet and shower facilities for men and women. There are many who think that it is not a proper park activity on account of its unsightliness, and steps are now being taken to ascer- tain whether it can not be located elsewhere, and therefore expend- itures for its development have been curtailed. A survey is being made of all the public grounds within the District under the control of the Chief of Engineers and of possibly available private holdings with a view to finding a less objectionable site. The camp is now practically self-supporting. Miscellaneous spoits.-In addition to the above recreational ac- tivities there are imany others, which are extremely important, but not as popular. Among these are baseball, football, polo, horseback riding, cricket, hockey, croquet, lacrosse, and roque. These sports are not self-supporting for the reason that no equitable method has been discovered for charging the participants for the use of the parks. Playgrounds.-Inaddition to the recreational facilities for adults, 5 playgrounds have been provided for small children in conjunction with the Playgrounds Department of the District of Columbia, which PUBLIC' BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMIBIA. 2023 provides the equipment for the grounds and supervises the play of the children. Motoring.--There are many miles of road maintained in the public parks for the enjoyment of motorists, and these rqads are being ex- tended as funds become available, opening up .to the public sec- tions of the parks' which heretofore have been inaccessible. Dur- ing the fiscal year a new asphalt-macadam road was built in Rock Creek Park connecting Beach Drive with Daniels Road, approxi- mately 1 mile in length. THE WASHINGTON PARKS AS AN EXAMPLE TO THE UNITED STATES. The city of Washington is properly considered by the people of the Nation as an example to the entire United States. It should not by any means be classed as a "city of a population of approxi- mately one-half million people," but as the center and seat of the National Government, which should be the pride of all the people of the United States, and everything that is done for the develop- ment of its character, physical, moral, or well-being among the permanent or temporary residents or by the occasional visitors here is money well spent, returning dividends manyfold to the people for whom the Government exists. But since the most important recreational activities are being operated so as to be entirely self-supporting, it seems to be self- evident that the National Government should extend these facilities as rapidly as possible with reasonable expenditures. SANITATION. The sanitary service for the parks organized last year operated with great success in collaboration with the sanitary office of the District government. There are many activities under this office which require especial sanitary supervision, such as the public com- fort stations, of which there are now 26, the Tidal Basin bathing beach, Rock Creek, the tourist camp, concessions for sale of food- stuffs at various places in the parks, and the park areas themselves. The sanitary officer assigned to that duty under this office by the Surgeon General of the Army, acts also as sanitary officer for the superintendent's office, State, War and Nay Department Buildings, looking after the sanitation of some 32 office buildings in the Dis- trict under that office. Under the sanitary officer the park police are given instruction in first aid and sanitation and on his recommendation first-aid boxes are being established in various parks and public buildings. ' These first-aid boxes have proven of great service in bringing assistance to those who have been injured or suddenly.become ill. The sani- tary officer also inspects the sanitation of the buildings and tracts' of the public grounds rented to private parties. There are a number of such rented properties, especially in areas recently acquired for the Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway. In the matter of the elimi- nation of mosquitoes the sanitary officer's work is extremely impor- tant and much has been done in this line during the last year, especially in East Potomac Park, by the elimination of the weeds that sprang up on the tracts formerly used for community gardens. 2024 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. EXTENSION OF PARK AREAS. In the last Congress a bill providing "For the comprehensive de- velopment of the park and playground system of the National Capi- tal" was introduced in both Houses. This bill, which has the back- ing of practically all of the civic and business organizations through- out the country, is designed to place on a logical basis the purchase of land for parks in the District of Columbia and its environs. Up to the present time it has been impossible to procure lands for park purposes without years of discussion in the press and in Congress of each tract considered desirable, with the result that long before an act authorizing purchase has been passed the price of the lands has been advanced exorbitantly. This bill, if properly amended and passed, will effectively prevent such action by allowing a commission of distinguished membership to acquire, with the approval of the President, such lands as may be found necessary for extending the park system, such purchases to be made in the most advantageous way in accordance with the best practices among business men. If the commission finds that a certain tract of ground is unduly expensive, it can purchase instead another satisfactory tract that may be purchased reasonably, and in this way can protect the Government from exorbitant prices. One of the important features of the bill is an authorization for the annual appropriation of a sum not exceeding one cent for each in- habitant of the United States to be available for park purchases. The passage of such legislation would correct the present unfortu- nate situation under which there is no authority under the National Government definitely empowered to submit estimates for park ex- tensions. Specific tracts of park extensions.-Last year bills were introduced for the purchase of the Piney Branch extension; for the Patterson tract of 80 acres adjoining the Columbia Institute for the Deaf; and for the Klingle Ford extension of Rock Creek Park toward the westward. These bills passed the Senate but failed to be enacted. The Piney Branch extension was desired for the purpose of con- trolling a limited area of the forested lands on the upper portion of Piney Branch and to provide an eastern entrance to lower Rock, Creek Park for the large section of the city lying east of Sixteenth Street and northwest of the Soldier's Home. With this addition, and with a park roadway constructed, it would be possible for the citizens of that section to travel on park drives all the way down to the busy part of the city through Piney Branch extension, Rock Creek Park, the Zoological Park, and the Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway, going as far even as Hains Point, at the lower end of East Potomac Park, without having to pass through congested city streets. The other proposed parkway extension by way of Klingle Ford tract would give an unobstructed entrance from Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway into Rock Creek proper without the necessity of having to pass through the Zoological Park, which is not open to traffic at night, and which accordingly makes it necessary for traffic desiring to pass from Potomac Park through park drives to Rock Creek Park to leave the parkway and go entirely around the Zoological Park. The Klingle Ford tract would not only furnish a through parkway connection but it would be of much value in providing a PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2025 western parkway entrance to Rock Creek Park for all that part of the city lying west of Connecticut Avenue and including George- town. Both the Klingle Ford and Piney Branch projects have an additional important advantage in that they will assist in protect- ing two of the tributaries of Rock Creek from being destroyed and thus decreasing its natural flow. PROTECTION OF ROCK CREEK. During the past few years it has become evident that unless prompt a tion is taken to prevent the spoliation of the watershed of Rock Creek, the most beautiful natural feature of Rock Creek Park and of the District of Columbia, namely, Rock Creek itself, will be greatly affected. Steps should be taken at once to acquire the remaining unimproved land along Broad Branch from its upper end down to Rock Creek Park. Protection for the park can only be afforded by acquiring control of strips of land at least about 400 feet wide on each side of all tributaries of Rock Creek in the unde- veloped sections of the District and in Montgomery County. This is considered as the necessary and only possible means of protect- ing the stream. It is desirable that certain small parcels of private land within the proper boundaries of the park be purchased before the price becomes prohibitive. Among the most important of these, that con- ditions make economical to buy, are a triangular shaped area in the vicinity of Van Buren and Tuckerman Streets, west of Sixteenth Street, and a small area west of Sixteenth Street and lying south of Kalmia Road and an irregular area east of Daniel Road, between Elm Street and Twenty-ninth Street. The time will soon come when these areas, if not purchased, will be subdivided and closely built up, to the permanent detriment of the park and its natural beauty. It is urgently recommended that steps be taken to acquire the lands necessary for the protection of Rock Creek before it is forever too late. THE ROCK CREEK AND POTOMAC PARKWAY. Under congressional authority the purchase of land in this area has been in progress since 1913, and all purchases that can be advan- tageously made in the open market appear to have been made. The Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway Commission is, therefore, now acquiring by condemnation the remaining tracts within the taking lines. It is most important that an extension of the parkway be made, in order to provide a road leading up to the level of the city and around the east side of the Zoological Garden, in view of the fact that the Zoological Garden being closed at night for the protection of the animals, makes it essential to provide a continuous roadway not passing through it. COMPLETION OF THE SURROUNDINGS OF THE LINCOLN MEMORIAL. The Arlington Memorial Bridge Commission plans having been definitely decided upon and being near completion, it is now of first importance that the landscape surrounding the Lincoln Memorial be improved in harmony with the magnificence of that structure. 2026 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. UNITED STATES PARK POLICO. The small increase in the park police force made last year and the rearrangement of grades have amply justified themselves in the increased efficiency of this force. On account of the remote places in which the force must operate, it is vital that each member be of high character and well trained, in order that he may be a guardian in whom the public may rely with confidence as being trustworthy and competent for the duty he is expected to perform. During the year the park police made 2,447 arrests, resulting in $31,487 in fines or forfeitures, with only 52 cases dismissed and 15 still pending, which indicates the high character and efficiency of the force. Its members are being trained to treat the public with the utmost cour- tesy and yet with absolute firmness in securing respect for the law. DILAPIDATED WAR-TIME BUILDINGS IN THE PARKS. During the war there were built in East Potomac Park a number of temporary wooden buildings for the housing of troops in train- ing. After the conclusion of the war these buildings were turned over to the General Supply Committee as a temporary place for storage of surplus Government supplies. They are dilapidated and unsightly, and obstruct the park improvement. The gardens that were operated in that area during and after the World War have been discontinued and unless these buildings are removed in the near future that locality will present the aspect of a beautiful park in- closing a group of unsightly and insanitary structures and piles of junk and debris. In order to prevent such an unsatisfactory con- dition it is necessary that these buildings be condemned and re- moved, and the area they now occupy merged into the recreational park for which it was designed. The Public Buildings Commission, the Secretary of War, and other interested agencies are united as to the necessity of removing these buildings, but it has been found diffi- cult to accomplish this on account of the lack of space to house the General Supply Committee elsewhere. STATUES. During the year the new statue of Edmund Burke was erected in the reservation at Massachusetts Avenue, Eleventh and L Streets NW. The Flannery statue of Abraham Lincoln was reerected on a new pedestal in front of the United States Courthouse in Judiciary Square. PARK STATISTICS OF WASHINGTON AS COMPARED WITH OTHER CITIES OF SIMILAR SIZE. There is an impression that Washington is more liberally pro- vided with parks than most cities of its size in the United States. But an examination of statistics shows that this is not the case. The following table gives the pertinent facts concerning a number f cities of comparable size throughout the country, and it will be noted that all of them spent a greater sum per capita than is spent in Washifngton and also that the cost per acre for parks in those other cities is greater and the total cost for parks greater than in Wash- ington. Among the cities best equipped With parks are Baltimore PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2027 and Minneapolis, where approximately three times as much money is spent on parks as in Washington. This is a deplorable condition when it is realized that Washington should be an example to the Nation in park development. Comparison of expenditures for public parks in Washington oith those in representative cities, fiscal year 1922. Percent- Park City. Popu- lation Area Park area tl area per Expenditure fiscal year. r pen- diure 1922. 1922. (a ). (acres). s inpac area capita (acres). p 1922. 1e. . per capita. spaces. (cs) Minneapolis, Minn.. 409,125 34,100.00 4,036.23 0. 1183 0.0099 $1,508,666.96 $37378 $3.68 Buffalo, N. Y ...... 525,000 26,983.04 1,284.85 .0476 .0024 814, 920.00 634.25 1.55 Baltimore, Md ...... 733,826 58,880.00 2,560. 50 .0435 .0035 1,230954.00 430. 75 1.68 Detroit, Mich....... 993, 739 54,174.72 1, 990.49 .0367 .002 1:482,540.00 744.81 1.49 San Francisco, Calif. 506,676 26,880.00 2,400.00 .0897 .0047 719,577.72 299.82 1.42 Average....... 638;673 40, 208.55 2, 452.41 .0671 .:0052 1,151 331.68 506. 68 1.96 Washington, D.C... 450,000 39,680.00 2,836.82 .0745 .0063 531 219.06 187.25 1.11 1. MAINTE NANCE, CARE, AND REPAIR OF THE EXECUTIVE MANSION, GROUNDS, AND GREENHOUSES. (For a general description and history of work see pp. 2023 and 2024, Ann. Rept. of the C. of E. for 1920.) la. The Executive Mansion.--In addition to the usual operations for care and maintenance the following work was done: Two wooden booths or guardhouses for shelters for the White House police were placed, one at the northeast entrance and one at the northwest entrance steps leading down to the north areaway. Considerable painting was done in the interior of the Mansion. Repairs were made to the tin roof and down spouting. The room at the west end of the west terrace in which floral work: is made up was remodeled. It being the intention to introduce during the coming fiscal year a system for heating the Mansion with steam procured from the State, War, and Navy Departments Building, the steam-laundry boiler, a hot-water boiler, a steam pump and an electric pump, and all piping unnecessary for the new system were removed during June and excavation for the new steam line begun. The amount expended during the year was $67,616.51, including the cost of heating and lighting. There are no data available from which the total expenditure to June 30, 1923, can be stated. lb. Executive Ofice Building.--Minor repairs were made to doors, windows, woodwork, plumbing, and lighting fixtures and heating apparatus. The walls of the Cabinet room were repainted. As this building is also to be heated from the State, War, and Navy Depart- ments Building, such of the old heating apparatus as.could not be utilized for the new system was removed from the building. There is no separate appropriation for this building, the repairs being charged to the appropriation for the Executive Mansion, of which it forms a part. ic. Grounds of the Executive Mansion.-The lawns, roads, walks, and gutters were cared for. Shrubs were pruned and trees were sprayed with a solution to prevent defoliation by insects. Sixteen trees were removed. Two thousand nine hundred and seventy-seven 2028 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, IT. S. ARMY, 1923. square yards of roadway in the North grounds were surface treated with gluten and stove screenings. An 18-inch sewer was constructed in the South grounds to carry off surface drainage. The iron fence on the northeast and west sides was scraped, cleaned, and painted. An iron fence was constructed extending from the south gate at the east entrance to the southeast corner of the east terrace. The amount expended during the year was $9,511.12. There are nlo data available from which the total expenditures to June 30, 1923, can be given. id. Greenho'es of the Executive Mansion.-Necessary care was taken of the large collection of plants, and cut flowers were regularly grown and regularly furnished to the Mansion. Miscellaneous re- pairs, including painting, were made, and the heating apparatus was overhauled and put in good order. One of the greenhouses was re- constructed under a special appropriation made by Congress for the purpose. The amount expended during the year was $17,990.93, not includ- ing the cost of heating, which is included in the amount expended for the Executive Mansion. 2. PARKS AND PUBLIC RESERVATIONS IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. (For general description and history of work, see pp. 2024 and 2025, Ann. Rept. C. of E., 1920.) On July 1, 1922, the total number of parks and reservations was 468. During the fiscal year 1923 changes were made as follows: Twelve small spaces were added by transfer from the Commis- sioners of the District of Columbia, their total area being 89,164.84 square feet. The Chief of Engineers transferred to the commis- sioners two small spaces containing 33 feet each on the Union Sta- tion Plaza. Also small portions from four reservations, containing 2,393 square feet. These transfers to and from the Chief of En- gineers were made under authority of the act of Congress approved July 1, 1898 (30 Stats., p. 570). In addition to the foregoing there were added to the park sys- tem, by transfer from the tUnited States Engineer Office in charge of the improvement of the Potomac River, " section D " of the Anacostia Park containing 2,749,071.60 square feet, and a strip 400 feet wide across the lower end of Columbia Island in the Virginia channel containing 348,480 square feet. The changes enumerated above, and the addition of one small space containing 1,584.37 square feet transferred by the commis- sioners on July 14, 1919, and by oversight not heretofore added to the list, made a net addition of 13 spaces and 73.19 acres and gave on June 30, 1923, a total of 481 parks and park spaces with a total area of 2,836.82 acres, exclusive of the Tidal Basin in West Potomac Park which eovers an area of 110 acres. IMPROVEMENTS IN PARKS. 2A. MERIDIAN HILL PARK. (For general description and history of work, see p. 2025, Ann.. Rept. C. of E. 1920.) Existing project.-The sundry civil act approved June 23, 1913, appropriated the sum of $2,500 for the preparation of plans look- PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. -2029 ing to the improvement of this park. With this !drawings were pre- pared showing the plan, elevation, sections, etc. These tplans, with estimates of cost, were approved by the Chief of Engineers October 12, 1914 (E. D. 85634/28). As modified, with the- advice of the Commission of Fine Arts, they contemplate the erection of a lower retaining wall of concrete along the entire Sixteenth Street side of the park and of an 'upper retaining wall in the center of that side where the bank is highest; also the improvement of the level plateau of the park by walks, plantings, terraces, gardens, fountains, etc. With the total appropriations of $265,000 provided by Congress for the eight fiscal years ended June 30, 1923, the following work was completed: The Sixteenth Street lower retaining wall, with the ex- ception of 160 feet at the south end; the north arched entrance on Sixteenth Street, including concrete struts and ties therefor, and underpinning the southern end of the wall in connection with the proposed entrance adjacent thereto; grading the level plateau be- tween Euclid Street, the main entrance on Sixteenth, and Fifteenth and Sixteenth Streets; laying out walks and constructing a center panel of lawn surface with vista walks of concrete on both sides; laying water pipe and drain pipe, preparing planting beds along the Sixteenth Street side and partially planting them; installing a drainage system for the walks and constructing an entrance at the north end of the lower retaining wall just south of Euclid Street; constructing a concrete wall with iron grilles along the Euclid Street and Fifteenth Street sides of the park. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Additional trees and shrubs were planted and the grading, soiling, and seeding of the upper terrace between Belmont and Chapin Streets was completed. The subgrade for concrete walks between those two streets was constructed and the surfacing of the walks was 70 per cent com- pleted. Work was about 35 per cent finished for building a shelter and temporary park lodge house; this included the concrete work and the piping and wiring for electric fixtures. Condition at end of fiscal year.-At the end of the fiscal year the project was about 31 per cent completed. Local cooperation.-The government of the District of Columbia has been charged with a certain portion of the appropriations made by Congress for this project. Effect of improvenzent.-The Sixteenth Street side of the-park, where the retaining walls have been constructed, presents an attrac- tive architectural appearance, and further washing down of the high clay banks on that side of the park has been prevented. The level plateau at the north end of the park has been opened up to the public. Proposed operation.-It is proposed to use the funds appropriated for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1924, in continuing the mainte- nance, development, and improvement of the park. 2B. MONTROSE PARK. (For general description and history of work, see pp. 2026 and 2027, Ann. Rept C. of E., 1920.) Emisting project.-The public buildings act approved June 25, 1910, authorized the acquisition of this park by purchase or con- '030 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. demnation, and provided that it should become a part of the park system of the District, of Columbia under the 'Chief of Engineers. By the District of Columbia appropriation act approved March 2, 1911, this authority was repeated and $110,000 was appropriated for the purchase of the land, Under this authority the park was ac- quired by the Commissioners of the District of Columbia and was transferred by them to the jurisdiction of the Chief of Engineers on June 15, 1911. The first appropriation for its improvement was one of $56,000, contained in the sundry civil act approved August 24, 1912, and this was followed by appropriations of a similar amount for each of the ten fiscal years 1914 to 1923, inclusive. Operations and results during fiscai year.-The appropriation for the year was $5,000 for continuing the improvement and for care and maintenance. With this the usual maintenance was kept up, the rose garden was rearranged, 150 discarded rosebushes removed and 685 planted, 12 dead trees were taken out, two concrete steps constructed at the front, and rear of the lodge house, nearly 3,000 square yards of lawn surface prepared and seeded, and 123 square yards of gravel walk taken out and replaced with soil. 2C AND 2D. POTOMAC PARK. (For general description and history of work, see pp. 2027 and 2028, Ann. Rept. C. of E, 1920.) 2C. WEST POTOMAC PARK. Existing project.-The first appropriation for West Potomac Park was made in the sundry civil act approved June 28, 1902. This has been followed by yearly appropriations with which driveways, bridle paths, and walks have been constructed, lawn areas graded and seeded, water and drain pipe laid, trees and shrubs planted, and the old lock house at the Seventeenth and B Street entrances to the park fitted up as a comfort station and equipped with a bicycle room and locker room for the park policemen. A plan for the treatment of the por- tion of the park in the vicinity of the Lincoln Memorial, prepared b the officer in charge, was approved by the Chief of Engineers, February 7, 1917. Operations and results during the fiscal year.--The work of fillino in between the old and new sea walls west of the Lincoln Memorial was continued more than 60,000 cubic yards of earth filling having been brought in and deposited free of cost to the United States. The grading and preparation for seeding of ground outside the circular roadway around the Memorial which was begun in October, 1920, was continued and by the close of the fiscal year had been 92 per cent completed.: The planting of beds inside of this circular road begun last year was continued and 10 boxwood trees, 164 linear feet of box hedge, and 2900 trailing vines were planted. An acre of 5,167 square yards of ground on the south side of the main entrance to the memorial was filled in and brought to grade. This work is 63 per cent completed. The construction of roads, walks, and curbs in this vicinity begun during the previous fiscal year was completed in October, 1922. On the roadway running southeast from the building 2,888 square yards of surface was graded and covered with founda- tion stone, 1,111 square yards covered with trap rock, second coat, PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2031 and rolled, and 2,738 square yards tarred and covered with screenings. Forty American elm trees were planted in May, 1923, along the road leading southeast from the memorial by the Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts, and the mayors of the 39 incorporated cities of the State, the ceremony being conducted by the Massachusetts Society of Washington. On June 7, 1923, a tree to the memory of the late Vice President James S. Sherman, was planted at Seventeenth Street and the Tidal Basin road, by Ziyara Temple A. A. O. N. M. S. An English maple hedge composed of 85 field maples was planted along the wire fence at the south end of the bridge over the outlet from the Tidal Basin. A boom 400 feet in length was placed across the inlet from the Virginia channel into the Tidal Basin to prevent the en- trance of waste matter. This boom is made of logs 10 to 14 inches in diameter and 2 feet long, holed longitudinally and strung on a i-inch steel cable, which is anchored to the sea wall and adequately secured by dead men behind it. A 6-inch terra-cotta pipe drain 122 feet in length was laid, connected with the old sewer from the lodge house on the river side of the park and extended out through the new sea wall. Work on the drainage system was continued and practically completed, 32 catch basins and 7 brick traps having been built. The waterproofing of the bottom of the reflecting pool east of the Lin- coln Memorial which was commenced the previous year was com- pleted, the joints in the granite coping calked, and the water turned on December 22, 1922. The waterproofing of the small transverse pool at the east end of the large pool was also finished. Necessary pipe for water supply and drainage were laid for the introduc- tion of two electric fountains in this transverse pool. Grading, soil- ing, and seeding the areas between Seventeenth Street and the Lin- coln Memorial within the outer line of trees bordering the large pool was carried on throughout the year, and on June 30 was 87 per cent, completed. The construction of concrete walks adjacent to and sur- rounding the pool was also in progress, and at the close of the year was 40 per cent completed. Three hundred and thirty-seven trees and 250 shrubs adjacent to the south side of the reflecting pool were taken up, and all but 116 of the trees were planted in other portions of the public grounds. These 116 were destroyed. Conditions at end of flsccd year.-The expenditures to June 30, 1923, were about $893,022.71 for improvement and about $166,575.38 for maintenance. From these expenditures there has resulted the construction of a Telford macadam driveway from Seventeenth and B Streets NW. to Fourteenth and Water Streets SW., and macadam driveways around the borders of the tidal reservoir along the entire Virginia Channel front of the park and along the northern boundary of the park; the grading and seeding of large areas of lawn surface; the construction of bridle paths and walks; the laying of a large amount of water pipe, drain pipe, and drain tile; the planting of a large number of trees and shrubs; the filling up and grading of the ground around the Lincoln Memorial, constructing a basin for a reflecting pool and inclosing it with a granite coping; and the con- structing of a 9-hole practice golf course. Local cooperation.-The Government of the District of Columbia has 'been charged with a certain portion of the appropriatiods made by Congress for this project. 61687-ENG 1928-128 203 REPORT OF CHIE OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923., Effect of improvement. The improvements made have resulted in the beautification of a large area of waste land, making it available as a recreation ground for the people of Washington. Proposed operations.--Continuing the grading, soiling, seeding, and planting of unimproved areas, constructing roads, and laying out the grounds around the reflecting pool. 2D. EAST POTOMAC PARK. Existing project.-The first appropriation for East Potomac Park was made in the act; approved August 24, 1912, and this has been followed by yearly appropriations which provided for the construc- tion of macadam driveways around the entire Virginia Channel and Washington Channel sides of the park and grading and seeding por- tions of the interior. On February 18, 1916, a comprehensive plan for the development of this park as a recreation ground was sub- mitted, together with a report on the cost, to Congress and printed as House Document No. 1038 Sixty-fourth Congress, first session. Operations and results during fiscal year.--The 'second nine holes of the eighteen hole golf course were completed and opened to the public during the year. This course is operated by a concessionaire under agreements entered into by the Chief of Engineers with him on July 20, 1921, and April 18, 1923. Under their terms the conces- sionaire is required to keep the entire course in first-class playing condition at all times and to employ at his expense all help required for operation and maintenance. He is permitted to charge nominal fees for playing on the course and for the use of a locker, showers, etc., in the field house. He may also sell golf supplies, and refresh- ments. He is required to pay the United States a certain stipulated sum yearly during the life of the concession. This is considered to be a very advantageous arrangement for the Government which is thereby relieved of the expense of keeping up this course. The course was used during the year by 123,771 persons. One hundred and forty-four square yards of foot walk made of screenings were con- structed around the tea house at Hains Point. A riding ground was constructed south of the steam railroad embankment on the Virginia channel side. Ground was cleared, graded, plowed, and harrowed. Four horse jumps, 25 feet long, 2 feet wide, and 4 feet high, were built of privet hedge. One hundred and nine poplar trees, 12 feet high, were planted at the foot of the railroad embankment across the entire park to serve as a screen. The agricultural agent for the District of Columbia of the Department of Agriculture was allotted in the spring of 1922 an area of 80 acres of ground on the Virginia channel side of the park for vegetable gardens. He reports the results for the season ending November 1, 1922, as follows: Total number of gardens 450; total number of garden workers 850; num- ber of persons supplied with vegetables 2,000; cash value of crops raised, $18,000; cash value of crops per garden $40. The estimated total cash value of these crops is only about one-third of that for the previous year, but this is said to be due to the unfavorable weather conditions prevailing this year. In addition to this an area of approximately 12 acres on the Washington channel side of the park was divided into plots 100 by 100 feet and allotted directly by the officer in charge to those employees of Public Buildings and Grounds PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2033 who applied for garden plots. It was found to be impracticable to allot space in :this park for gardening purposes in the spring of 1923, and this activity has therefore been discontinued. On ,July 28, 1922, the officer in charge with the approval of the Chief of Engineers granted a concession for the operation and maintenance of the auto- mobile tourist camp in this park under rules and regulations to be prescribed by him. Under this agreement the concessionaire is al- lowed to charge a small fee per night per tourist party for the pur- pose of defraying the expense of caring for toilets, showers, buildings, grounds-except the actual camp site occupied by the tourists-lights in the buildings, water for toilets, baths, washing cars and for police protection of the camp. He is required to spend a certain sum yearly for improvements. He may sell commissary supplies, gasoline, oil, automobile accessories, and may repair cars. A temporary wooden building at the entrance to the camp, which was built by the Con- struction Division of the War Department during the World War, was relinquished by the General Supply Committee as a storehouse and was placed at the disposal of the concessionaire who immediately fitted up toilets and showers for mpn 'and women, a commissary store, a dining room, a kitchen, an office, a reading room, an automobile ac- cessories store, and a repair shop, and introduced electric lights. Across the road from this building, he has installed a gasoline and oil station and the camp is now provided with facilities for the com- fort and convenience of patrons. The camp has now been operated since 1921, and is becoming quite well and favorably known through- out the country, as evidenced by the growing patronage which during the fiscal year 1923, consisted of 8,224 cars and 23,320 persons, as com- pared with 3,914 cars and 10,784 persons during the previous fiscal year. The work done by the officer in charge with the small appro- priation made by Congress for this camp consisted in erecting 2,353 feet of mesh wire fence, 8 feet high, constructed with cedar posts, lay- ing 2,571 feet of terra-cotta sewer pipe, planting 54 trees and 165 shrubs, and grading, preparing, and sowing grass seed over 5,068 square yards of ground. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The total expenditures to June 30, 1923, were $415,000. With this a macadam roadway 30 feet wide, with brick gutters on both sides, has been constructed around the entire river fronts of the park, and the area between the road- way and the river planted with trees and shrubs; bridle paths and cinder walks have been built; a large area cleared of underbrush and small trees of spontaneous growth, and graded and seeded; water pipe laid; work for the construction of a field house com- pleted; two nine-hole golf courses constructed; picnic ground laid out; and an automobile tourist camp established. The temporary wooden barrack buildings which were erected in 1918 by the War Department are still standing to the detriment of the appearance of the park, and an obstacle to the improvement of the area they occupy, which amounts to about 17 acres. They are on the Wash- ington Channel side of the park, almost bordering the driveway, and in plain and unpleasant view from the hundreds of auto- mobiles which use this road daily. The, buildings are used by the General Supply Committee for storage purposes, which in addi- tion occupies the open ground in the rear with a number of un- 2034 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. sightly piles of old iron and misceJlaneous junk. During the fiscal year the Public Buildings Commission assumed jurisdiction over the assignment of space in these buildings, and allotted to the officer in, charge the building at the entrance to the tourist camp, also barracks building No. 21, which was razed by him and a part of it transported to Rock Creek Park and erected' as a pavilion at the golf course there. 2E. FERRY LINE TO EAST POTOMAC PARK. This line has not been in operation since November 30, 1921, which was the close of the season for that calendar year. When it was found in the spring of 1922, as stated in the annual report for that year, that Congress had not included in the appropriation bill for the public parks an item for continuing the ferry, itwas decided not to resume operations on June 1 for the short period of one month, but to permit the unexpended balance of the appropriation for 1922 to revert to ,the Treasury. There being no further use for the boat named the Bartoldi, used on this ferry, it was trans- ferred during the early part of the fiscal year 1923 to the General Supply Committee as "surplus property." 2F. ROCK CREEK PARK AND PINEY BRANCH PARKWAY. (For general description and history of work, see pp. 2030 and 2031, Ann. Rept C. of E., 1920.) Existing project.-In sundry civil act for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919, approved July 1, 1918, the park and the Piney Branch Parkway were made a part of the park system of the District of Columbia under the jurisdiction of the Chief of Engineers, and in September, 1918, the park was transferred to that officer by the board of control. In addition to the ordinary care and maintenance of the park, it is proposed to adopt the project for its future improvement recommended by Olmsted Bros., landscape architects, in a report made by them in accordance with a contract entered into by them with the board of control on May 18, 1917. The final report con- taining the project was received by the Chief of Engineers in De- cember, 1918. Its recommendations will be observed in undertaking future work for improvements in the park. The purpose is to pre- serve the natural beauty of the park while making it more available for the use of the public, for riding, driving, and walking. For this purpose the area of the park is divided into "use areas and "growth" areas, depending on location and character of soil and present growth. These areas are to be developed in a natural way by encouraging the growth of the best trees andplants and protecting them from fire and disease. Depending on the use to be made of the various portions of the park, paths and roads are to be constructed. Provision is made for bringing people in the future nearer the center of the park by car line. One of the most pressing needs is the clean- ing out of all dead and fallen timber to prevent fires and damage to living trees. The greatly increased cost of labor and material makes it extremely urgent that a much larger annual appropriation be made for this park in order that the clearing up can be undertaken im- mediately. PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2035 Operations and results during fical year.--In addition to the work required for ordinary maintenance, the underbrush and dead and surplus timber were cleared from an area of about 85 acres. The construction of eight tennis courts which was ,commenced the pre vious year was completed and they were opened to the publiocin the early part of the fiscal year. The 9-hole golf course on which.work was started in October, 1921, was completed in the spring of 1923, and opened for play on May 23, 1923. An old dwelling house at the starting point of the course was converted into a field house with lockers, showers, and toilets. A pavilion built with old material secured from the razing of one of the old barracks buildings in East Potomac Park was erected across the road from the field house. This course is operated under a concession awarded to the highest bidders for the privilege. The agreement requires them to maintain and care for the course at their own expense, and to spend a certain sum yearly for improvement. They are permitted to charge reason- able fees for games, and the use of the field house. They are also permitted to sell refreshments in the pavilion. Between the date of opening and June 30, 1923, the course was used by 8,676 players. Electric lights, a one-pipe heater, a toilet, washbasin and bathtub were installed in the house occupied as quarters by the superintendent of the park. A one-pipe heater was installed in the Old Pierce Mill, which is occupied as a tea house under a concession. Thirteen horse jumps were constructed. Fifty-six young trees were planted in various parts of the park. A crematory 15 feet in diameter, walls 2 feet thick, cobblestone floor with a pit having a capacity of 360 cubic feet was built for the disposal of rubbish. Beach Drive was widened for a distance of 600 feet between Pierce Mill and Blagden Avenue. A stone fireplace was constructed at the old Pierce Mill. Condition at end of fascal year.-The amount expended during the year was $30,000. The approximate expenditure for maintenance and improvement from the date of acquirement to June 30, 1923. was $468,054.09. The work done has consisted mainly of opening the fields and forests of which the park was formed by constructing a skeleton of roads, bridle paths and footpaths, constructing the necessary bridges, and clearing adjacent portions of the park suffi- ciently to permit its general use by the public. In this work, which was done by the board of control, there have been built about 9.2 miles of macadamized park roadways from 16 to 24 feet wide (com- prising Beach Drive, Ridge Road, Ross Road, Morrow Road, Blag- den Avenue, and Wise Road); 23 miles of bridle paths, about 6 miles of footpaths 3 permanent stone and concrete bridges, and 1 temporary girder bridge across Rock Creek, 5 masonry bridges or viaducts across smaller streams and numerous culverts, 2 wooden bridges, footbridges, and a bowlder dam at Pierce Mill. In addi- tion a considerable area of the park near the roads has been cleared and the portion opened has been maintained in suitable condition. There were also reconstructed :1.9 miles of county roads passing through the park, namely, Pierce Mill Road, Linnean Hill Road, and Military Road. Since the transfer of jurisdiction to the Chief of Engineers 8 tennis courts have been built, a 9-hole golf course laid out and completed, additional roadway constructed and other improvements made. In connection with ths golf course an old dwelling house at the starting point was converted into a field house 2036 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. with showers, lockers, rest room, etc., and a refreshment pavilion constructed near by from old materials. Local cooperation.--The government of the District of Columbia has been charged with a certain portion of the appropriations made by Congress for this project. Effeet of improvement.-The development into a park very close to the city of an area of great natural beauty and preserving it from encroachment and spoliation. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to use the $30,000 appro- priated for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1924, in the general care and maintenance of the park, clearing of additional forest areas of dead and fallen trees, building new roads and additional tennis courts and making such other improvements as the funds available will permit. 2G. ANACOSTIA, PARK. With the approval of the Chief of Engineers, " section D" of Ana- costia Park was transferred in March, 1923, by the United States Engineer officer in charge of the Anacostia River improvement to the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds. This section is on the south bank of the river between Pennsylvania Avenue Bridge and the navy yard (or Anacostia) bridge. No work for park improvement in this section can be undertaken until July 1, 1923, on which date the initial appropriation of $50,000 made by Congress for its improvement and maintenance as a recreation park becomes available. 2H. SUMMARY OF PARK IMPROVEMENTS. The following is a brief sumniary of the principal improvements made in the parks during the fiscal year in addition to the improve- ments specifically described in the preceding paragraphs: The power plant at the Washington Monument was discontinued and the Commercial Lighting Company extended its mains into the grounds for the purpose of supplying current for power and lights to the Monument, the shops and the propagating gardens. A com- modious brick garage was erected at these gardens. New concrete walks were laid in Seaton Park, West Potomac Park, and six of the small reservations, and cement copings were constructed in Iowa Circle, Grant Circle, Seaton Park, and in six reservations. The work of constructing roads, curbs, gutters, sewer and water lines in Seaton Park, which was commenced in October, 1921, was continued and .at the close of the fiscal year was 52 per cent completed, the subgrad- ing having been finished. There were planted in various parks, 362 deciduous trees, 230 deciduous shrubs, 71 evergreen trees, 1,064 hedge plants, 200 vines, and 3,395 rose bushes. 21. MAINT1 NANCE OF IMPROVED PARKS. The improved parks were maintained in fairly good condition during the year. It was not possible to keep them up to the best standard, owing to the largely increased cost of labor and material and the fact that the amount appropriated for park maintenance was not commensurate with the actual increase in the cbst of the work. Lawns, roads, walks, and gutters were cared for; trees and shrubs pruned and, where needed, special surgical treatment given to them to insure their preservation. The usual planting to secUire PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2037 floral decoration for the parks in the spring, summer, and autumn was accomplished. 2J. WATER PIPES, DRAIN PIPES, AND FOUNTAINS. Water pipes and drain pipes were maintained in good condition; 6,329 feet of water pipe, 360 feet of cast-iron drain pipe, 1,746 feet of terra-cotta drain pipe, and 2,030 feet of terra-cotta drain tile were laid. The fountains were given attention, but not operated, on ac- count of shortage of water. 2K. EXPENDITURES FOR PARKS AND RESERVATIONS. The expenditures during the year on parks and reservations amounted to $368,700.78; which includes pay of gardeners, fore- men, and mechanics, and wages for park laborers, but does not include the cost of lighting the parks, which atnounted to $22,- 852.04, nor the pay of park policemen. The total expenditures to June 30, 1923, can not be stated, as the data are not available. 2L. LIGHTING THE PUBLIC GROUNDS. Portions of the public grounds are lighted by gas and the re- mainder by electricity. The following table shows the number of lights operated on June 30, 1923, and the rates paid: Cost Description. Number. each per annum. Gas mantle, 60-candlepower: On posts owned by the United States ......................................... 194 $16.75 On posts owned by the lighting company................ .................. 38 18 40 Electric incandescent: 600-candlepower on posts owned by the United States. .................. ... 40 75.25 600-candlepower on posts owned by lighting company........ ................ 3 70.00 400-candlepower on posts owned by lighting company......................... 6 46.50 250-candlepower on posts owned by lighting company, .... ........... 6 36.50 250-candlepower on posts owned by the United States...... ............... 1 34. 85 100-candlepower on posts owned by the United States.......... ......... . 68 21.35 100-candlepower on posts owned by lighting company.................. 62 24.10 Do.... Do......................................... .......... ... ........... ....... .. 388 388 23. 45 23.45 Do.r.o....n----------.- :-------------16 -- 26.44 60-candlepower on posts owned by United States.....-..................-.... 2 17. 85 56-candlepower on posts owned by lighting company ......................... 10 19.50 Total number of lamps--------....-..-------............---------------------------.............. 834.......... The lights are inspected nightly by the United States park police, who report all outages, and a proper deduction therefor is made from company bills for light not furnished. Four additional gas lamps and six additional electric lamps were installed. 2M. WALKS, ROADS, COPING. Data in regard to the area and cost of the walks, roads, and coping in the public parks are given on pages 1667 and 1668 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1915. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1923, additional work was constructed as follows: 5,944 square yards of concrete walk. 160 square yards of bituminous walk. 144 square yards of walk constructed with stone screenings. 2,300 linear feet of cement curb. 2,397 linear feet of cement coping. 21 concrete posts. 2038 REPORT OF OCIEF OFF ENGIN EFJTS, 4 S. ARMY, 1928. ;The following repair, work wa also done: . 60,165 square yards of roadway treated with tar and stone screenings 1,610 square yards of roadway patched with, tar and stone screenings. 4,115 square yards of roadway treated with glutrin and stone screenings. 2,856 square yards of bridle paths top dressed with ashes, 2,823 square yards of walks covered with tar and stone screenings. 67 square yards of walks patched: 204 square yards of gravel walks top dressed with screenings. 572 square yards of gravel walks resurfaced with gravel. 233 square yards of ash walk top dressed with ashes. 2N. OCCUPATION OF PUBLIC GROUNDS BY ANCIENT ARABIC ORDER NOBLES OF THIi MYSTIC SHRINE, JUNE 5-7, 1923. Joint Resolution No. 93, Sixty-seventh Congress, approved Feb- ruary 28, 1923, authorized the Secretary of War to grant permits to Almas Temple, Washihgton, D. C., 1923 Shrine Committee (in- corporated.) for the use of any parks, reservations, or other public spaces in the District of Columbia under his control, on the occasion of the forty-ninth annual session of the Imperial Council Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, in the month of June, 1923, provided that in his opinion such use would inflict no serious or permanent injury upon such parks, reservations, public spaces, or statuary therein, and that the reservations or public spaces occupied by stands or other structures should afterwards be restored to their condition before such occupancy, the committee to indemnify the War Department for damage of any kind whatsoever upon such reservation or space by reason of such use. The resolution also, authorized the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds, sub- ject to the approval of the Secretary of War to permit the use of any or all public parks, reservations, or other public spaces in the District of Columbia for parking automobiles, the temporary erection of tents for entertainments, hospitals, and other purposes, the said committee being authorized to charge reasonable fees for entertainments and accommodations on the said parks, reservations, and spaces to aid in meeting the necessary expenses incident to the session. Under the permits granted by virtue of this comprehensive au- thority, viewing stands were erected on the south side of Lafayette Park, on the sidewalk on Pennsylvania Avenue in front of the White House Grounds, at the fronts of United States Reservation 33, Pennsylvania Avenue and Thirteenth Street; United States Reser- vation 33A, Pennsylvania Avenue and Thirteen-and-a-half Street; Reservations 34 and 35, Pennsylvania Avenue and Ninth Street, and United States Reservation 36, Pennsylvania Avenue between Seventh and Eighth Streets. There was also erected the following: Dwelling house on the ground at the west side of the Sherman Statue for a "Better Homes" demonstration, and bureau of information for the shrine committee; a large electric sign on the reservation at the south front of the Union Railroad Station; a flight of wooden steps leading from the steam-railroad tracks up to the surface of L'Enfant Circle at Pennsylvania Avenue and Seventeenth Street SE.; stands for band concerts in Washington Circle, Franklin Park, Ellipse on White Lot, on west side of White Lot near E Street; an automobile loading platform on edge of roadway on west of Ellipse in White Lot for auto trips, including signs, cards, and telephone wires on trees; a tent on west side of White Lot opposite Ohio Avenue for PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRfICT OF COLUMBIA. 2039 the exhibition of a reica of a model of Solomon's Temple, a both and a counter for selling lunches on west side of White Lot south, of E Street; frames, tents for storage, etc., in Monument Grounds for a fireworks display in those grounds. Permits were also granted for running telephone wires: from the ground floor of White House to reviewing stand onrnorth side- walk; to string wires on trees in Lafayette Park and Sherman Plaza for loud speaking apparatus; and to run wires on trees from the Highway Bridge across the inlet to the Coast Guard camp in Poto- mac Park; to place mortars for bombs around the Peace Monument and at Sherman Plaza; to locate ambulances for emergencies on the roadways in the White Lot, Potomac Park, and the Monument Grounds during the fireworks display; to operate sight-seeing cars through the larger parks; to sell seat cushions at all reviewing stands and along the water front in Potomac Park; to sell copies of United States Air Service Magazine in West Potomac Park; to solicit orders in public parks for the official history of the session; to hold a patrol drill on the ellipse in the White Lot, and a mounted drill in the Polo Field in West Potomac Park. The shrine committee executed a bond in the sum of $500 guarantee- ing the removal of the "Model House," a bond for $2,500 to guarantee the removal of the stands and other structures, and a check for $2,500 to pay the cost of any labor performed by the Office of Public Build- ings and Grounds in restoring the grounds. The stands and other structures, except the " ModelHou s e were removed within the time limit and the grounds properly restored by the Government forces, at an expense of less than $300, which was paid from the deposit check. The "Model House" had not been removed by the close of the fiscal year owing to the inability of those interested in having it removed intact to secure a suitable site for its relocation. In addition to the foregoing, displays and exhibitions were pro- vided by the military, naval, and marine authorities under permits granted by the officer in charge to the authorities concerned. A field hospital in the Monument Grounds, military camps in East and West Seaton Parks; an airplane exhibit in West Potomac Park; exhibi- tion of the throwing of a bridge by Engineer troops across an arm of the Tidal Basin; exhibition of an airship (dirigible); an ex- hibition of naval airplanes around the base of the Washington Monu- ment; a naval recruiting station in a tent; a marine camp; a marine recruiting station in a tent including a moving-picture display; a daily guard mount and dress parade by United States marines, and military demonstrations also by marines on days selected; a Coast Guard drill in the Potomac River, including the erection of a tent: for housing the personnel. 20. OCCUPATION OF PUBLIC PROPERTY BY PRIVATE PARTIES. Under the authority contained in the act of Congress approved July 1, 1898 (30 Stats., p. 570), Reservations Nos. 61, 67, 139, 141,. 152, and 164, are cared for by the owners of adjoining property,. under permits granted by the Chief of Engineers. A valuable piece of United States ground, known as Reservation No. 94a, lying between Rock Creek and Twenty-eighth Street W.,. 2040 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. between I and K Streets N., is now unlawfully occupied by certain persons. Equity suits have been brought by the Department of Justice to secure possession of this property. A list of the leases and licenses in force on June 30, 1920, is given on page 2035 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1920. Changes therein during the fiscal years 1921 and 1922 were reported on pages 2065 and 2191 of the reports for those years. Changes during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1923, were as follows: July 14, 1922.-Lease to Benjamin Blethyn to use street at foot of F Street, west of Twenty-seventh Street NW., for making concrete blocks, renewed for one year from July 1, 1922. July 22, 1922.--Lease to George Playfair for the dwelling 1323 Twenty-fourth Street NW., renewed for one year from March 1, 1922. July 26, 1922.--Lease to Samuel Burns for the dwelling 1108 Twenty-sixth Street NW., renewed for one year from March 7, 1922. July 28, 1922.-Lease to Clifford Gibbs for the dwelling 2506 P Street NW., for one year from July 24, 1922. . July 28, 1922.-Lease to, Mrs. Bertha Williams for the dwelling 2506j P Street NW., for onie year from July 15, 1922. August 2, 192.-Lease to Fletcher Fireproofing Co., for premises Twenty- eighth and Needwood Streets NW., for shops and storage for one year from May 1, 1922. August 2, 1922.-Lease to Lucy Hebron for the dwelling 2612 Dumbarton Avenue NW., renewed for one year from June 1, 1922. August 15, 1922.-Lease to Joseph J. Minor for the dwelling 2603 Dumbarton Avenue NW.," renewed for one year from May 1, 1922. August 16, 192--Lease to Willie Talford for the dwelling 1229 Twenty- seventh Street NW., for one year from June 10, 1922. August 26, 1922.-Lease to James Nash for the dwelling 1231 Twenty-seventh Street NW., for one year from August 12, 1922. September 5, 1922.-Lease to Alvin Fisher for the dwelling 1241 Twenty- seventh Street NW., for one year from July 1, 1922. September 14, 1922.-Lease to Cleon McDaniel for the dwelling 2504 P Street NW., for one year from June 6, 1922. December 9, 1922.--Lease to Alice S. Hall, for the portable garage building on lot 43, square 2500, for one year from December 1, 1922. The following dwelling houses and lots within the Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway were purchased by the Commission during the fiscal year and the occupants were permitted to remain as tenants at will without leases: 2402 P Street NW., John Bell. 2412 P Street NW., May Robinson. 2414 P Street NW., James W. McKeemer. 2446 P Street NW., Charles Harris. 2448 P Street NW., Fannie Norris. 2502 P Street NW., James I. Williams. 2618 Dumbarton Avenue NW., Eugene Brown. 1303 Twenty-seventh Street NW., John Goings. 2701 I Street NW., Frederick Lyles. 2703 I Street NW., Jennie Lyles. 2701 Virginia Avenue NW., Lucy Washington. 2703 Virginia Avenue NW., Lucius Butler. 2705 Virginia Avenue NW., William Lee. 2707 Virginia Avenue NW., James Marlow. The permit granted on December 24, 1919, to Anna K. Volk, the owner of the property adjoining United States Reservation No. 164 at Vermont Avenue and Thirteenth Street between P and Q Street s NW., to fence in and care for the reservation under authority of the act approved July 1, 1898, was extended on January 10, 1923, for a period of two years to December 31, 1925. PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2041 2P. CONCESSIONS. The following concessions were in force on June 30, 1923: Park Amusement Co. to care for, maintain, and operate, the 9-hole golf course in West Potomac Park and the 18-hole golf course and field house in East Potomac Park. The Girl Scouts Association of the District of Columbia to operate a tea house at the southern point of East Potomac Park and a restaurant and tea house in the Old Pierce Mill in Rock Creek Park. L. Gordon Leech to operate the bathhouses and bathing beach on the shores of the Tidal Basin in West Potomac Park, also the boathouse near the foot of the Seventeeth Street driveway. Norman B. Frost and Harold D. Miller to manage, maintain, and operate the 9-hole golf course in Rock Creek Park, and the field house connected therewith. Arthur L. Castillo for maintaining and operating the tourist camp in East Potomac Park. The total amount received from concessions during the year was $850, which does not include the sums spent by the concessionaires in improvements. 2Q. PLAYGROUNDS. The act of Congress approved March 3, 1903 (32 Stats. pt. 1, p. 1122), provided: The officer in charge of public buildings and grounds may hereafter authorize the temporary use of the Monument Grounds, or grounds south of the Executive Mansion, or other reservations in the District of Columbia, for playgrounds for children and adults, under regulations to be prescribed by him. Under this authority the department of playgrounds of the Dis- trict government is permitted to use the following: The southwest corner of Garfield Park (Reservation No. 17). Willow Tree Park (Reservation No. 201A). Reservations 331 and 331A, located in square 2888, between Harvard Street, Columbia Road, Sherman Avenue, and Georgia Avenue. The northeast corner of Montrose Park. 2R. PARK POLICE. The history of this force is given on page 1665 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1915. In addition to the data there published, reference is here made to a provision in the legisla- tive, executive, and judicial appropriation act approved August 5, 1882 (22 Stats. p. 243), which states that park watchmen "shall have and perform the same powers and duties as the Metropolitan police." This authorizes them to exercise police powers anywhere within the limits of the District of Columbia, and this they fre- quently do. The force is uniformed, the cost being defrayed from appropriations made by Congress for the purpose. They are also furnished with bicycles, motor cycles, and revolvers at public expense. The personnel of the force at the close of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1923, was 1 lieutenant, 3 sergeants, and 55 privates. One ser- geant and 44 privates were mounted on bicycles, 2 sergeants and 9 privates were mounted on motor cycles, and 2 privates were mounted on horses. By act of Congress approved December 5, 1919, the designation of the force was changed from park watchmen to "United States Park Police." During the year the force made 2,447 arrests, the amount of fines imposed being $11,685 and collateral forfeited $19,802, a total of 2042 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. $31,487, which is an increase of $10,471 over the total amount im- posed in the fiscal year 1922. They also sent 134 sick and injured persons to the hospital, 17 sick persons to their homes, took 16. children to their parents for correction, took 17 lost children to their homes, sent 9 dead persons to the morgue, and recovered 13 stolen automobiles. The amount expended during the fiscal year was $87,440.86, in- cluding pay and equipment. The total expenditures to June 30,. 1923, can not be given, as the data are not available. 2 8. BAND CONCERTS. For many years prior to 1904 concerts were given by the United' States Marine Band on Saturday afternoons in the White House Grounds. Commencing with the summer of 1904 concerts were pro- vided for other parks on Monday, Tuesday, and Friday nights. These were given by Army bands, when available, 'by authority of the Secretary of War, thus providing about 100 concerts in all during- the four months from June 1 to September 30. Between July 1, 1917, and July 1, 1920, there were no Army bands: available except in June, 1920, and the concerts were therefore correspondingly reduced in number until the fiscal year 1921, when, in addition to the Marine Band, the services of the United States: Navy Yard Band, Boy Scouts Band, War Risk Insurance Band, and the Community Centers Band were procured. During the succeed- ing year the concerts were given by the United States Navy Band,. United States Marine Band, Boys Independent Band, and Com- munity Centers Band. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1923, concerts were given during July, August, and September, 1922, in various parks through- out the city, on Monday nights by the Navy Band, on Tuesday and. Thursday nights by the Marine Band on Wednesday nights by the Boys Independent Band, and on Friday nights by the Community Centers Band. The Marine Band also gave concerts on Saturday afternoons during those months in the White House Grounds and the Army Music School Band played four concerts in place of some of the other bands which were absent from the city. In June, 1923, there were not sufficient funds available for paying the expense of" hauling out and setting up the band platforms for the neighborhood concerts, and it was necessary to give the concerts-9 in all from June 12 to 30--at the Sylvan Theater in the Monument Grounds. 2T. EXTENSION OF BUILDINGS BEYOND 'HE BUILDING LINES IN THE CITY OF WASHINGTON. The act of Congress approved March 3, 1891, as amended by the act approved June 21, 1906 (34 Stats., p. 385), requires the approval of the Secretary of War on applications for the extension beyond the building lines of buildings erected on lands adjoining United States public reservations. By direction of the Secretary of War the office of Public Buildings. and Grounds is charged with the duty of investigating and report- ing upon these cases. During the fiscal year ending Junie 30, 1923, no applications of this character were re'ferred to that office by the War Department. PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND :GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2043 2U. GROUNDS FOR OUTDOOR SPORTS. The first appropriation provided for this purpose was contained in the sundry civil appropriation act approved August 1,, 1914 (38 Stats. p. 634), which appropriated $10,000 for placing and main- taining special portions of the parks in condition for outdoor sports. This appropriation was repeated for the fiscal: years ending June 30, 1916, 1917, and 1918; for 1919 $20,000 was provided, and for 1921, 1922, and 1923 $15,000 each. With these funds baseball diamonds, tennis courts, two golf courses, cricket field, etc., have been laid out and regularly main- tained. 'The facilities now provided for these sports are: Baseball diamonds ------------- 20 Volley-ball courts ---- --- 22-- Tennis courts-----------------47 Croquet courts-,_ - - 14 Nine-hole practice golf course____ 1 Hockey fields ------- 2 -Cricket fields______---_____ 2 Soccer-ball fields 2 Polo' fields --------------------- 2 Nine-hole golf courses, regular_ _ 3 Archery courts ----------------- 2 Athletic field-------------- ---- 1 Football fields ------------- __ 10 Medicine and push ball courts___ 2 Bowling green ----------------- 1. Quoit courts 8 La Crosse field_--- --- 1 Basket-ball court --------------- 1 Hurling field______________--1 Roque court --------------- 1 Of the foregoing there were constructed or completed during the fiscal year: A second 9-hole golf course in East Potomac Park, and a 9-hole golf course in Rock Creek Park. The practice golf course in West Potomac Park was remodeled, making it a course with hard greens. Nine tennis courts were built. The following table shows the extent to which outdoor activities were availed of by the public during the year: Activity. Participants. Spectators. Archery.............................. .............................. 112 660 Baseball.................. ...................................... 49,708 438,000 Boating on Tidal Basin .................................................. 3, 336 ... Cricket.................................................... ......... 674 13,080 Croquet...... ......................................... ............... 2,536 3,000 Football ...... ................................................... 14,372 60,900 General athletic fields............... .................. ............. 2,580 10,000 Golf........ ........................ .................................... 19 402 Hockey......................................................... .. 810 6,000 Lacrosse............................. .................................. 514 8,160 Polo................................. .- ................... 352 11,300 Soccer ball ............... .................. . .............................. 2,310 35950 Tennis................................................................. 223,709 50,000 Volleyball.................................................................. 2,192 2,862 Miscellaneous............................................................... 3,450 . . . There were 80 band concerts, with an estimated attendance of 94,665, and,about 26,400 persons patronized the picnic grounds. During the winter there was skating on the reflecting pool east of the Lincoln Memorial for 10 days, and for 9 days at Pierce Mill Dam in Rock Creek Park, in which about 15,400 persons participated. There was no skating on the Tidal Basin in West Potomac Park, as the ice did not attain a safe thickness. At the Sylvan Theater in the Monument Grounds 12 entertainments or functions were given by public and private organizations, which were attended by about 6,000 spectators. 2044 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 2V. TIDAL BASIN BATHING BEACH, WEST POTOMAC PARK. The commencement of this project and the operations thereunder are given on page 1937 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engi- neers for 1918, on page 2051 of the report for 1919, on page 2038 of the report for 1920, page 2068 of the report for 1921, and page 2196 of the report for 1922. In addition to the work done for care and maintenance, a new concrete floor and steps were constructed, and new counters and shelves built in the pavilion, and sewer pipe installed. In the women's wing a partition was erected as a screen, a new concrete floor laid, and sewer and water pipe installed. The beach was open from July 1 to September 12, 1922, and from May 27 to June 30, 1923. During the first period mentioned 294,200 persons attended, and dur- ing the second period 115,500, making a total of 409,700 for the entire fiscal year. The largest attendance of bathers on any one day was 8,800, and the average number of spectators at the pavilion was 2,156 per day. 2W. BATHING BEACH AND BATHHOUSE FOR COLORED POPULATION. The appropiation of $25,000 made by Congress in the act ap- proved June 29, i1922, for this activity was not availed of owing to difficulties in the way of selecting a suitable site. The funds were reappropriated by the act of February 28, 1923, and made available for use during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1924. 3. CONNECTING PARKWAY BETWEEN. POTOMAC PARK, THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK, AND ROCK CREEK PARK. The history of the operations to June 30, 1915, of the Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway Commission, which is acquiring land for the parkway, is given on pages 1671 and 1672 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for that year. Their operations during the fiscal years 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, and 1922, are given on pages 1801, 1898, 1937, 2051, 2038, 2069, and 2196 of the reports for those years. The District of Columbia appropriation act for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1923, made a "no limit" appropriation of $100,000 to continue the purchase of land, and this, added to a balance of $112,514.11 remaining from previous appropriations, gave a total of $212,514.11 available on July 1, 1922. Of this, $67,957.80 was expended during the fiscal year in the purchase of 11 parcels. These added to previous purchases make a total of 265 pieces, containing an area which represent 76.88 per cent of the total land to be acquired. The street surfaces and any other public lald within the taking lines automatically became a part of the parkway upon the passage of the law creating the commission, and this public land added to the private land thus far purchased amounts to 81.75 per cent of the total land to be acquired, which represents a total area of 130.38 acres. Some of the land purchased contained dwelling -houses occupied by tenants, who have been allowed to remain under an appropriate rental. Five buildings which had been vacated by the tenants were torn down during the year. Under the law creating PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2045 the commission the land as soon as acquired became a part of the park: system of the District of Columbia under the jurisdicion of the Chief of Engineers, United States Army. On February 16, 1923, the commission requested the Attorney General to institute proceed- ings in condemnation for acquiring the land still remaining to be purchased, approximating 1,270,080 square feet, or 29.157+acres. 4. CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF THE WASHINGTON NATIONAL MONUMENT. (For general description and history of work see pp. 2038 and "2039 Ann. Rept. C. of E. 1920.) Existing project.-The act of August 2, 1876 (Stats. 19, p. 123), provided for the completion of the Monument by the Federal Govern- ment, the work to be done under a commission created for that pur- pose by the act, which appropriated $200,000 to start the work. Ad- ditional appropriations for continuing the work were made from time to time until the completion of the shaft in 1888. The capstone was set December 6, 1884, and the Monument was opened to the public October 9, 1888. Operations and res8lts duringfseal year.-The expenditures dur- ing the year were $16,550.83 which was used for maintenance and also for providing conduit and cable installations for securino elec- tric current for power, light, and heat. This installation was efected by the local electric power and light company, after which the use of the power plant at the Monument was abandoned and the ser- vices of one engineer and two firemen were dispensed with in accord- ance with the direction of Congress. In order to permit the mraking of repairs the elevator was not in operation between May 1 and 15, 1923. The Monument was open, however, for persons to ascend by the stairways. There were 296,806 visitors to the top of the Monu- ment during the year, of which number 213,067 made the ascent in the elevator and 83,739 by the stairway. On the 52 Sundays and 7 holidays 54,441 visitors ascended to the top, 31,237 by the elevator, and 23,204 by the stairway, an average of 922 persons on each of the 59 days. The Monument is open to the public without charge on week days from 9 a. m. to 4.30 p. m. and on Sundays and holidays from 12 noon to 5 p. m. Condition at end of fiscal year.-The expenditures to June 30, 1923, were $1,659,916.69, of which $1,187,710.31 was for construction and $472,206.38 for maintenance. This has accomplished the com- pletion of the Monument, including the erection of a separate power plant and the construction of a memorial lodge of marble placed some distance from the foot of the shaft. Between October 9, 1888, the date when the Monument was opened to the public, and June 30, 1923, there were 851,633 persons who ascended to the top of the shaft. Local cooperation.-The sum of $300,000 was furnished by the Washington National Monument Society toward the construction of the Monument, that amount having been raised by popular sub- scription. Effect of improvement.-The creation of a massive and dignified memorial to George Washington, the first President of the United States of America. Proposed operations.-It is proposed to expend the funds appro- priated in the military and nonmilitary activities of the War De- 2046 REPORT, OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. partment appropriation act for 1924, namely $15,640, in the care and maintrnance ;of the Monument and the lodge house appertaining thereto. 5. THE LINCOLN MEMORIAL. Project.-The erection of this Memorial was authorized in the act of Congress approved February 9, 1911, which created a " Lincoln Memorial Commission " composed of seven members. The act pro- vided for its construction under the direction of the commission and the supervision of the Secretary of War who was designated to enter into the necessary contracts for the work. The commission appointed the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds as its executive and disbursing officer. Design.--The design.of Mr. Henry Bacon, architect, of New York, was selected by the commission and on June 27, 1913, a contract was entered into with him by the Secretary of War for his full profes- sional services in connection with the designing and construction of the Memorial. Constmrution and completion.-Contracts for the foundation and the superstructure were entered into on February 28 and 11, 1914, respectively. The foundation was commenced on March 27, 1914, and completed in May, 1915. The superstructure was commenced in February, 1915, and completed in October, 1917. A contract for the construction of the terrace wall and approaches was let in Sep- tember, 1917, and completed in November, 1919. Under a special appropriation of $345,720, made March 4, 1921, an underpinning with foundation to rock was placed under the terrace wall and ap- proaches. Statue and decorations.-The statue of Mr. Lincoln is the work of Mr. Daniel French, sculptor. This was completed and set in position by December, 1919. The paintings for the decoration of the interior were executed by Mr. Jules Guerin, artist, who completed his work during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919. Both of these portions of the projects were executed under contracts. Roads and walks and reflecting pool.-Under an appropriation of $100,000, roads and walks have been constructed around the Memorial, and with the sum of $584,000, provided specifically by Congress for the purpose, a reflecting pool over 2,000 feet long and 160 feet wide has been constructed at the east front of the Memorial out nearly to Seventeenth Street, with a smaller transverse pool at the east end of the main pool, oval in shape, 290 feet long by 160 feet wide. Expenditures to date.-The expenditures to June 30, 1923, have been on account of the construction of the Memorial $2,935,749.16. for the walks and roads.$98,838.93, and for the reflecting pool and small pool, $540,694. Maintenance.-The care and maintenance of the Memorial was in accordance with law assumed by the Chief of Engineers on Jan- uary 1,1920, although the building was not entirely finished. Dedsoatio~.-TheMemorial was dedicated on May 30, 1922, under the direction of the Lincoln Memorial Commission, all arrangements therefor being made by the executive and disbursing officer of the commission. PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2047 Operations during the fiscal year.-These consisted in the work done by the regular force at the Memorial for keeping the building and approaches clean, policing and caring for the surrounding grounds, and in conducting visitors through the Memorial. There was a total of 495,192 visitors to the Memorial during the year. Of these 144,673 were on the 52 Sundays and 7 holidays, making an average of 2,452 persons on each of the 59 days. The total expen- ditures during the year for maintenance were $9,832.03. The total expenditures on that account to June 30, 1923, were $28,831.99. 6. STATUES. There are now 36 statues in the public grounds under the charge of the office of Public Buildings and Grounds, one was dedicated during the year, that of Edmund Burke, and there is one projected-- the memorial to John Ericsson, the inventor of the Monitor. Information concerning the statues completed is found in a table printed on pages 1674 and 1675 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1915, the only changes to be made therein being to omit the statue of Admiral DuPont, which was replaced in April, 1921, by the DuPont Memorial Fountain in DuPont Circle, the gift of the DuPont family. Attention has been given to all 'of the completed statues during the year, and the pedestals and bronze figures have been maintained in a cleanly condition as far as practicable. The amount expended during the fiscal year was $384.62. The. total amount expended to June 30, 1923, can not be given, as the data are not available. 7. CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF THE PROPAGATING GARDENS. These gardens are located in the grounds south of the Washington Monument and east of the Tidal Basin. They include also the plant nurseries located between the railroad embankment and the Wash- ington approach to the Highway Bridge. There are 13 greenhouses, with the necessary potting sheds, and 4 pits, and outdoor beds for propagating perennial plants and shrubs. All of these received attention during the year. The total number of plants propagated at the gardens during the past fiscal year was 675,750; of these 613,500 were used for the parks and reservations, 45,350 for the greenhouses and the nursery under the charge of this office, 14,200 for other departments of the Govern- ment. The surplus (about 2,700) was distributed to hospitals and public institutions. The estimated value of the plants propagated was $61,332.75. Requests are frequently received for the loan or gift of plants for the use of churches, fairs and festivals, and for private purposes. All such requests have to be declined, as either the loan or gift of any plants would be in violation of the following extract from the act of Congress approved June 30, 1878 (20 Stats., p. 220): Provided, That hereafter only such trees, shrubs, and plants shall be propagated at the greenhouses and nursery as are suitable for 61637-ENG 1923---129 048 REPORT OF CHIEJFF ENCGINEERS UU.S. ARMY, 1923. planting in the ;public resetvations, to which purpose only the said productions of the greenhouses and nursery shall be applied. The, expenditures for this work area included in those stated under section 2, "Parks and reservations." A new brick garage was built at the south end of the grounds and electric fixtures installed.: A new heating plant was installed outside the brick storehouse and two storage sheds were built at the west side of this building. Work was commenced for the installation of two gasoline tanks near the main entrance to the new garage building. 8. HOUSE WHERE ABRAHAM LINCOLN DIED. This house is located at No. 516 Tenth Street NW., Washington. D C. It was purchased by the United States on November 1, 1896, for the sum of $30,000, which was the amount appropriated for the purpose by the act of Congress approved June 11, 1896 (20 Stats., p. 439). The Government took possession of the premises on November 10, 1896. Since that date it has been in the charge of Mr. O. H. Oldroyd, who occupies it free of rent and acts as custodian without pay. By authority of the Secretary of War, dated October 9,1899. Mr. Oldroyd is permitted to exhibit his Lincoln museum and to charge a small entrance fee therefor. The operations during the year consisted of those required for ordinary maintenance. The amount expended during the year was $188.38. The total .amount expended to June 30, 1923 was $33,225.10. 9. BUILDINGS OCCUPIED BY THE WAR DEPARTMENT, EXCEPT THE STATE, WAR AND NAVY DEPARTMENTS BUILDING. By order of the War Department, dated June 30, 1893, all build- ings occupied as offices by the War Department, except the State, War and Navy Departments Building, were, so far as their preservation, care, and safety are concerned, placed under the Chief of Engineers, who assigned this immediate duty to the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds, who has caused monthly inspections of them to be made up to and including the month of March, 1922. In order to reduce the cost of inspection The Adjutant General of the Army on May 23, 1922, directed the chiefs of all War Department bureaus and branches to notify the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds promptly of any change in loading conditions in buildings under their charge. Since then inspections have been confined to the buildings wherein such changes were reported, and the bureaus and offices concerned advised of the results. 10. STATE, WAR AND NAVY DEPARTMENTS BUILDINGS. On February 2, 1915, by Special Order No. 27, War Department, paragraph 17, the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds was detailed to act as superintendent of the State, War and Navy Departments buildings from March 1, 1915. On June 30, 1923, there were 26 buildings in his charge, containing 5,767,444 square feet gross floor space. PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 120 11. UNITED STATES WITAREiPIO RTY, WASAINGIoNj D. ,. The banks of the Potomac River from the Washington Barracks reservation to the outheracurb line of N Street, south were, by act of Congress approved March 3 1899 (30 Stats. p. 1378), placed under the jurisdiction of the Chief of Engineers who, by letter of March 11, 1899, directed the offider in charge of public buildings and grounds to assume control of the property. Congress has never pro- vided funds for either the: improvement or upkeep of this property. Most of this property is leased to private parties who pay a reasonable rental therefor, the leases providing that repairs shall be made- and paid for by the tenant. Two of the properties are occupied by the Lighthouse Board and the District of Columbia Naval Militia without compensation. One lease was canceled during the year, and one was awaiting renewal at the end of the year. The rentals received during the year amounted to $1,006.68. The following wharves were occupied on June 80, 1923: Lease dated July 19, X1911.-Edward Whyte, for an area on the banks of the Potomac River near the footrof P Street SW., and to maintain a build- ing thereon for use for building, repairing, hiring, and storing boats. Con- sideration, $7 per month, payable monthly in advance. Lease has no time limit. Lease pending.-Alexander H. Gregory, for area on Potomac River opposite lots 16, 17, and 18, square 503, for storing and renting boats, etc. Considera- tion, $120 per annum, payable in advance. Expires May 31, 1928. Lease dated April 1, 192.--Lease for a term of three years with A. H. Gregory for an area at the foot of Sixth Street SW., ihcluding the buildings thereon and part of the wharf structures, for the repair, storage, and dockage of boats. Consideration, $180 per annum, payable in advance in equal monthly installments. Lease dated July 22, 1921.-John H. Thomas, for wharf and buildings oppo- site lots 14 and 15, square 503,, for blacksmithing. For three years from July 1, 1921, to June 30, 1924. Consideration, $280 per annum, payable in quarter- yearly installments of $70 in advance. Lease date March 28, 1922.-Majestic Steamship Line, for wharf and build- ings thereon opposite lot 13, square 503, for wharfing purposes. For three years from March 23, 1922, to March 22, 1925. Consideration, $400 first year, $800 second year, and $1,200 third year, payable each year in 12 equal monthly installments in advance. Lease canceled for nonpayment of rent. Cancella- tion effective July 20, 1923. 12. MONUMENT AND WHARF, WAKEFIELD, VA., THE BIRTHPLACE OF WASHINGTON. The history of these works is given on pages 1679 and 1680 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Enginers for 1915. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1923, the United States watchman in charge extended the usual care to the monument, the grounds surrounding it, and the roadway leading from the monu- ment to the wharf. Under his direction, the fence running through the marsh to the creek was rewired with barbed wire, new posts and wire were put in the fence on either side of the road leading from the wharf to the monument, and the bushes were cleared away from the fence for about one-half its length. The monument was struck.by lighting during June, 1923, which left a light mark run- ning from its apex to a point near its base. The lead cushion at the base was partly melted. 2050 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The total expenditure during the year was $362.65, including the salary of the United States watchman. 13. MEMORIAL TO (EN. ULYSSES8. GRANT. A history of this memorial from its inception to June 30, 1915, is given on page 1680 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for that year. When the memorial was dedicated on April 27, 1922, there still remained to complete it the placin, upon the two sides of the central pedestal containing the equestrian statue of General Grant, of the bronze panels depicting the Infantry Arm of the service. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1923, the full size clay model of the panel for the south side was eompleted, then cast in plaster, and, after approval by the memorial commission, was sent to the foundry to be reproduced in bronze. The clay model for the north side was also completed, cast in plaster in June, and sub- mitted by the contractor for the approval of the commission. The amount expended during the year was $14.61. The total ex- penditures to June 30, 1923, were $212,110.16. This does not include the $10,000 appropriated for procuring designs, nor the expense of dedicating the memorial. 14. M)EMORIAL TO ABRAHAM LINCOLN. The history of this memorial from its inception to the close of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1915, is given on pages 1681 and 1682 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for that year, and the operations for 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, and 1922 are given at pages 1805, 1904, 1943; 2057, 2044, 2077, and 2202 of the reports for the respective years. There were no operations during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1923, by the commision under which the building was erected, and dedicated on May 30, 1922. The amount expended during the year was $17,959.87, of which $10,362.35 was on account of the roadways. The total expenditures to June 30, 1923, on account of the building, the terrace walls and approaches, and the roadways were $3,034,588.09. This amount does not include any expenditures on account of the dedication. 15. ARLINGTON MEMORIAL BRIDGE. A history of this to June 30 1917, is given on page 1906 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for that fiscal year. As the act of Congress approved March 4, 1913 (37 Stats., p. 885), which created the Arlington Memorial Bridge Commision did not provide any funds for the use of the commision, it was not able to function until June, 1922, in which month Congress appropriated $25,000 (Executive, and sundry independent executive offices appropriation act for the fiscal year 1923, approved June 12, 1922), to enable the commission to investigate and report to Congress a suitable design for a memorial bridge across the Potomac River from the city of Washington to a point at Or near the Arlington estate in the State of Virginia, together with such surveys an estimates of cost as the commission may deem desirable. The officer in charge of public PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT 'OF COLUMBIA. 2051 buildings and grounds is the .executive and disbursing officer of the commission. In July, 1922, he organized an engineering force which immediately began the preparation of the preliminary engineering studies for a bridge on the proposed New York Avenue line and completed them by December, 1922, when the commission decided to adopt the Lincoln Memorial-Lee Mansion line, and on which preliminary studies were practically completed in January, 1923. Exploratory boring to rock and topographic survey map work were completed by March 1, detailed engineering studies made, and de- tailed .engineering design work commenced in preparation for coop- eration of the firm of eminent architects with whom the commission entered into contract on April 17, 1923, for furnishing the archi- tectural design for the bridge with its approaches and landscape treatment. Between that date and June 30, 1923, designs for cribs and open caissons for founding piers were practically completed, preliminary engineering studies finished and sent to the architects, estimates of cost of foundation work and studies for arch centering begun, engineering studies of the deck and its supports, made, coop- eration with the work of the architects relative to the general fea- tures of the bridge continued, and the general outlines of the struc- ture practically settled and agreed to. The total expenditure during the year was $9,919.44. 16. ARLINGTON MEMORIAL AMPHITHEATER AND CHAPEL. The Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1915, contains, on pages 1683 and 1684, historical data in regard to this memorial and a summary of the operations in con- nection with the work done toward the construction of the building, which was erected under the direction of a commission, of which the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds is the executive and disbursing officer. The operations during 1916, 1917, 1918,. 1919, 1920, 1921, and 1922 are given at pages 1807, 1905, 1944, 2058, 2045, 2077, and 2203, reports of the Chief of Engineers for those years. The only operations during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1923, con- sisted in sending to the Public Printer the final report of the com- mission which Congress under date of March 1, 1923, authorized to be printed with illustrations. This printing had not been com- pleted at the close of the fiscal year 1923. The amount expended during the year was $14.15. The total ex- penditure to June 30, 1923, was $825,343.38. 17. MEMORIAL TO WOMEN OF THE CIVIL WAR. A history of this memorial and of operations in connection with it to June 30, 1915, is given on page 1683 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for that year. The operations for 1916, 1917, and 1918 are given at pages 1806, 1905, and 1943 of reports for the respective years. The memorial was completed in March, 1917, and it was dedicated on May 17, 1917. The masonry approaches to the building, the grounds about it, and the walks and roadways were completed in May, 1918. There were no operations and no expenditure during the fiscal year 1923. The total expenditures to June 30, 1923, from the congres- sional appropriation and private subscriptions was $856,090.08. 2052. REPORT OF ChIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 18. THE ERICSSON MEMORIAL. History of the inception of this memorial and of the operations in connection with it up to June 30, 1921, are given on page 2076, and of the operations during the fiscal year 1922 on page 2203 of the Annual Reports of the Chief of Engineers for those years. There were no operations at the site during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1923, but the architect who is associated with the sculptor has completed and submitted for approval specifications and draw- ings for the foundation and pedestal preparatory to entering into a contract for the work. There were no expenditures during the year. The total amount expended to June 30, 1923, was $8,045.20. 19. REPLACEMENT OF LINCOLN STATUE, JUDICIARY PARK. Joint resolution approved June 21, 1922 (Public No. 62 67th Cong.) authorized and directed the superintendent of public build- ings and grounds of the War Department to reerect this statue ap- proximately upon the site at the south front of the United States courthouse in Judiciary Park from which it had been removed when that building was reconstructed by the superintendent of the Capitol Building in 1919-20. The resolution appropriated $5,000 for defray- ing the cost of the work. In October 1922 the statue was reerected upon a temporary wooden pedestal and this was replaced in June 1923 by a permanent granite pedestal surrounded by a granite coping all under a contract entered into on April 3, 1923. The officer in charge completed the cement sidewalk pavement outside the coping and soiled and sodded the bare ground between the coping and the base of the pedestal. The amount expended during the year was $3,037.35. 20. MONUMENT TO MEMORY OF EDMTND BURKE. This monument to an eminent English parliamentarian has been presented to the United States by the Sulgrave Institution of Great Britain and America, and has been placed in public reservation No. .granted 68, at Massachusetts Avenue, Eleventh and L Streets NW., under permit by the Chief of Engineers by authority contained in 'Public Resolution No. 52, approved April 25, 1922. In order that the statue might be dedicated in October, 1922, it was erected upon a temporary wooden pedestal in September. The dedication took place on October 12, all arrangements for the ceremony such as the erec- tion of viewing stands, issuing invitations, preparing programs, etc., having been made by the officer in charge with funds supplied by the donors of the statue. A contract for the permanent granite pedestal was entered into on March 30, 1923. Work for its erection on the ground will probably be done in July and August, 1923. 21. THE WOMEN'S TITANIC MEMORIAL. Section 7 of the District of Columbia appropriation act for the fiscal year 1918, approved March 3, 1917 (29 Stats. 1046), authorizes and directs the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, to grant PUBLIC BUILDINGS'AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2058 permission to the Women's Titanic Memorial Association for the erection on public grounds of the United States in the District of Columbia of a memorial to the heroes who sacrificed their lives that women and children might be saved at the sinking of the Titanic the memorial to be erectekd without expense to the United States. In accordance with the terms of the act, a design and site for the memorial were approved by the Commission of Fine Arts on Janu- ary 24, 1919, and by the Joint Committee on the Library of Con- gress on February 21, 1922, and by an instrument dated July 14, 1922, the Chief of Engineers granted permission to the association to erect the memorial at a site at the intersection of E Street NW. with the west building line of New Hampshire Avenue west of Twenty- seventh Street. There have been no operations at the site as yet. :22. MEMORIAL TO THE DEAD OF THE FIRST DIVISION, A. E. F., IN THE WORLD WAR. Public Resolution No. 31, Sixty-seventh Congress, approved De- cember 16, 1921, authorizes and directs the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, to grant the Memorial Association of the First Division of the United States Army inthe World War permission to erect on public grounds of the United States in the city of Washing- ton, D. C., a monument to the dead of the First Division, American Expeditionary Forces in the World War, the site chosen and the design of the monument and pedestal to be approved by the Joint Committee on the Library with the advice and recommendation of the National Commission of Fine Arts. The resolution also pro- vides that the United States shall not be put to any expense in or by the erection of the memorial. The memorial association selected a site in the lawn area on the south side of the roadway south of the State, War, and Navy Depart- ments Building, and on May 27, 1922, the Joint Committee on the Library approved this location and also approved the design of the monument and pedestal, all of which had previously been approved by the Commission of Fine Arts. On June 24, 1922, the Chief of Engineers confirmed the authority which had been given the archi- tect on June 12 by the officer in charge to proceed with the construc- tion of the memorial, the center of which has been located 115 feet south of the north curb of the roadway mentioned. Work at the site on this project was commenced on March 5, 1923, and by the end of April the concrete foundation had been com- pleted and the excavated earth mounded up around it. There were no operations on the ground in May and June. 23. MEMORIAL TO THE MEMORY OF GEN. GEORGE GORDON MEADE. Public Resolution No. 63, Sixty-third Congress, approved January 21, 1915 (38 Stats. 1222), created a commission composed of the Secretary of War, the chairman of the Committee on the Library of the Senate, the chairman of the Committee on the Library of the House of Representatives, and the Governor of the State of Penn- sylvania to select a site on United States property at or near the intersection of Third Street and Pennsylvania Avenue NW., and 2054 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. erect thereon a suitable memorial or statue to the memory of Maj. Gen. George Gordon Meade, late commander of the Army of the Potomac, the memorial to be furnished and 'erected by the State of Pennsylvania without expense to the United States. The commis- sion appointed the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds as its executive officer. The site selected is located in the northwest corner of the Botanic Garden grounds. A description of the design of the memorial and a history of the operations to June 30, 1922, are given on pages 2204 and 2205 of the Annual Report of the Chief Engineers for that fiscal year. Between July 1, 1922, and June 30, 1923, the model of the memorial was inspected at the studio of the sculptor by representatives of the Commission of Fine Arts and approved. The concrete foundations for the monument and for the plaza which is to surround it were constructed, the drainage completed, and the granite coping to inclose the plaza, including its foundation, was constructed with the excep- tion of one stone which was rejected. The granite steps for the base of the monument were delivered at the site and work was in progress in June drilling dbwel holes in them preparatory to setting. 24. MEMORIAL TO JOSEPH J. DARLINGTON. Public Resolution No. 98, Sixty-seventh Congress, approved Marcl 3, 1923, authorizes and directs the Chief of Engineers to select a suitable site and to grant permission for the erection on public grounds of the United States in the city of Washington, other than those of the Capitol, the Library of Congress, the White House and the Mall, of a memorial to the late Joseph J. Darlington, a leader of the Washington bar, as a gift to the people of the city of Wash- ington, without expense to the United States for either erection or maintenance. The site selected by the donors of this memorial is in about the center of the area at the southwest corner of Judiciary Park west of the United States courthouse building in that park. This site was approved on April 24, 1923, by Joint Committee on the Library upon the advice of the Commission of Fine Arts, and on July 14, 1923, the Chief of Engineers issued a formal permit for the erection of the memorial on the selected site. No work at the site has yet been done. 25. MEMORIAL TO FRANCIS ASBURY. By joint Resolution No. 54, Sixty-fifth Congress, approved Feb- ruary 18, 1919, the Chief of Engineers is authorized and directed to grant permission to the Francis Asbury Memorial Association for the erection on public grounds of the United States in the city of Washington, other than those of the Capitol, or ground within one- half mile thereof, the Library of Congress, the White House, the Mall or Potomac Park, of a monument to Francis Asbury, a pioneer itiner- ant. The resolution provided that the design of the memorial shall be approved and the site shall be chosen by the Commission of Fine Arts and that the United States shall be put to no expense in or by the erection of the memorial. PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2055 The Commission of Fine Arts selected United States Reservation No. 309B at the intersection of Sixteenth Street and Mount Pleasant Street NW. as a site for the memorial, and this selection has met with the approval of the representatives of, the memorial association and the sanction of the Chief of Engineers. No work at the site has yet been done. 26. GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL BUILDING. This building is to be located on the north side of Henry Park fronting north B Street between Sixth and Seventh Streets west, under authority contained in public buildings act approved March 4, 1913, as modified by a provision in the urgent deficiency act ap- proved October 6, 1917. It is being erected by the George Washing- ton Memorial Association with contributed funds and without ex- pense to the United States. The corner stone was laid by the asso- ciation on November 14, 1921, with appropriate ceremonies. On February 12, 1923, work was commenced on the ground by the association's architect, and by the end of June, 1923, the excavation for the foundation had been completed, a board fence erected, in- closing the site, temporary wooden building for a field office put up and work commenced opening trenches for the foundation walls. THE ZERO MILESTONE. On June 28, 1919, a permit was granted by the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds, under authority of the Secretary of War, upon the recommendation of the Chief of Engineers, to the National Highway Marking Association to erect a temporary plaster monument, 30 inches high, 24 by 36 inches at the base and 21 by 32 inches at the top, at the north edge of the Ellipse in the "White Lot " on the Washington meridian which is the axis of Sixteenth Street, to mark the starting point of the motor convoy trip to San Francisco which was to start from Washington on July 7, 1919. It was the intention of the association to secure authority from Con. gress to replace the temporary monument with one of stone, it being their desire to make the spot the official starting point of the high- ways of the United States. A second similar convoy started from this point June 14, 1920. Joint resolution, approved June 5, 1920 (Pub. Res. No. 51, Sixty- sixth Cong.), authorized the Secretary of War to permit the re- placement of this temporary monument by a permanent one to be done without expense to the United States, the design to be ap- proved by the Commission of Fine Arts. On September 3, 1920, the commission approved of the design submitted with some modifica- tions, one being that the stone should be 4 feet in height, to permit proper placing of the inscriptions. After the passage of the reso- lution the project for erecting the permanent marker was assumed by the Lee Highway Association which carried it to conclusion. The erection of the granite monument was completed in January, 1922. It was dedicated on June 4, 1923, with somewhat elaborate cere- monies under the auspices of that association which defrayed all the expenses connected therewith. 2056 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 27. PUBLIC BUILDINGS' COMMISSION. The legislative, executive, and judicial appropriation act for the fiscal year endin June 30, 1920, approved March 1, 1919 (40 Stats. 1269), created a commission to have the absolute control of and the allotment of all space in the several public buildings owned or leased by the United States in the District of Columbia, with certain ex- ceptions specifically mentioned in the act. The officer in charge of public buildings and grounds is a member of this commission and its executive officer and performs such duties in connection therewith as may be required. Financial statement for fiscal year ended June 80, 1923. Available at Expended Outstand- Covered ing liabili- by uncom- Unex- Title of appropriation. beginning of during ties June pleted pended fiscal year. fiscal year. 0, 1923. contracts. balances. - - -~ II -- ° - ------- I-----i -- Improvement and care of public grounds, District of Columbia, 1923............ $359, 950.00 $296, 366. 49 $30,066.70 $10,181.50 $23, 335.31 Lghting public grounds, District of Co- lumbia, 1923........... ............. 30,000.00 26,180. 81 2,396.34 .......... 1,4,5 Salaries of employees, public buildings and grounds, District of Columbia, 1923 130, 700.00 128, 607.67 688.61 ............ 1,403.72 Contingent expenses, public buildings and grounds, District of Columbia, 1923. 8,000.00 5, 553. 29 2,335. 85 .......... 110.86 Removal of snow and ice, District of Co- lumbia........................ 2,000.00 1,179.76 1.30 .......... 818.94 Increase of compensation, District of Co- lumbia (Engineer Corps--War), 1923..,.. 21, 200. 00 18, 868. 24 1,874.37 .......... 457. 39 Repair, fuel, etc., Executive Mansion, 1923...................... .... .... ,. 80,000.00 66, 761.57 12, 487. 86.......... 750. 57 Lighting, etc., Executive Mansion, etc., 1923 ................ ...... . ........ 8,600.00 4, 798. 07 1,560.14.......... 2,241.79 Improvement and dcre of public grounds, Executive Mansion, 1923.......... 14,000. 00 10, 659.54 77. 31.......... 3, 263.15 Improvement and care of public grounds, 1923 ............... 1,000.00 922.64 77.36.. Care and maintenance, Washington Monument, 1922-23..... ........ 17, 320. 00 16, 265. 46 282. 37 3.00 769.17 Repairs to building where Abraham Lin- coln died, 1923........ Improvements, birthplace of George Washington. Wakefield, Va., 1923.... Care and maintenance, Lincoln Memorial, 1928.. ...................... Reflecting pool, West Potomac Park'... Monument in memory of Francis Scott ..... .... I 200.00 400.00 11,000.00 230,553.74 184.86 360.15 9,015.02 180,289.97 2.50 816.11 7,089.60 .16 S...... 14.98 37.35 1,167.97 43,174.17 Key and others, Fort McHenry, Balti- more d......... .. 20, 219.29 20,121.72 2.00.......... 95. 57 Memorial to (Gdn.Ulysses S. Grant...... 27, 904.45 14.61 ....... 27, 889.84 Reerection of statue of Abraham Lin- coln .................................... 5,000.00 936. 53 98. 96 2, 954. 00 1,010. 51 Increase of compensation, War Depart- ment, 1923 ............................ 76, 800, 00 75,928. 83 663. 12 ........... 208.05 1I - I - 1,044, 847. 48 863, 016. 13 60, 520.66 41, 028. 34 80, 282. 35 AMOUNTS WHICH CAN BE PROFITABLY EXPENDED DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 19 2 5. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA APPROPRIATION BILL. Salaries, office Public Buildings and Grounds: Superintendent, $3,000; assistant and chief clerk, $2,400; engineer, $2,400; clerks, 1, $1,800; clerks, 1, $1,600; clerks, 1, $1,400; clerks, 2, $1,200 each; messenger, $840; landscape architect, $2,400; junior engineer, $1,500; in all--------------------------------- $20, 340 For foremen, gardeners, mechanics, and laborers employed in the public grounds -------------------------------------------- 31, 200 PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2057 :Salaries, offce Public Buildings and Grounds--Centinued. For contingent and incidental expenses, including purchase of profes- sional and scientific books and technical periodicals, books of ref- erence, blank books, photographs, and maps_------------------- $800 'Salaries, United States park police: Lieutenant, $2,140; first sergeant, $1,940; five sergeants, at $1,820 each; 14 privates, at $1,680 each; 31 privates at $1,600 each; 9 privates, at $1,520 each; in all-. .----------------------------99, 980 The items making up the estimates for salaries for the park police have been increased in the sum of $240 in each case to pro- vide for the retention of increased compensation, in view of the ex- ception of the park police from the provisions of the reclassifica- tion act. For purchase, repair, and exchange of bicycles and revolvers for the park police and for purchase of ammunition ----------------- 800 This item has been reduced below the current appropriation of $1,100, in view of the fact that requirements have been somewhat reduced due to the operation of additional motor cycles. For purchase, maintenance, repair, operation, and exchange of motor cycles for park police --------------------- ------------------ 4, 250 The current estimate represents an increase of $2,250 over the existing appropriation. For purchasing and supplying uniforms for park police-------------- 5, 500 This estimate has been increased $500 over the amount of the current appropriation. The experience of this office in handling the current appropriation for this purpose indicates that there has been a noticeable increase in the cost of uniform clothing and that further increases may be expected. It is evident that tentative estimates sub- mitted will be no more than enough to barely cover requirements. For improvement and care of public grounds, District of Columbia, as follows : For improvement and maintenance of grounds south of the Executive Mansion ---------- -------------------------------------- 4, 4,000 For ordinary care of greenhouses and nursery -- __--_.--__--- 2, 000 For repair and construction of greenhouse at nursery--------------3, 000 For ordinary care of Lafayette Park _---__-.---------.. 2, 000 For improvement and ordinary care of Franklin Park--------------__ 1, 500 For improvement and ordinary care of Lincoln Park__,----- -_ - 2, 000 For care and improvement of Monument Grounds and annex-------- 7, 000 For improvement, care, and maintenance of Garfield Park ----------- 2, 500 For construction and repair of post-and-chain fences, repair of high iron fences, constructing stone coping about reservations, painting watchmen's lodges, iron fences, vases, lamps, and lamp posts ; repair- ing and extending water pipes, and purchase of apparatus for cleaning them; hose; manure, and hauling same; removing snow and ice; purchase and repair of seats and tools; trees, tree and plant stakes, labels, lime, whitewashing, and stock for nursery, flower pots, twine, baskets, wire, splints, and moss, to be purchased by contract or otherwise, as the Secretary of War may determine; care, construction, and repair of fountains; abating nuisances, cleaning statues, and repairing pedestals_-.. ____---------- - 18, 550 For improvement, care, and maintenance of various reservations, in- cluding office rent, the maintenance, repair, exchange, and operation of three motor-propelled passenger-carrying vehicles to be used only for official purposes, and the operation, maintenance, repair, and exchange of motor cycles and bicycles for division foremen-------- .. 60, 000 This office has constantly recommended that the appropriations for this purpose be increased to an amount which will provide for necessary work in the improvement and care of the small park reservations. The extension of improvements of private property in recent years has surrounded a number of these small reserva- tions with privately-owned estates in a high condition of improve- ment, making it essential that the reservations in these districts be at least brought to a condition where they will be upon a par with the surroundings. The limited amount of funds heretofore appro- priated for this purpose has precluded the possibility of making such needed improvements. 2058 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. For improvement and care of public grounds, District of Columbia- Continued. For improvement, care, and maintenance of Smithsonian Grounds___ $4, 000 For improvement and maintenance of Judiciary Park---__----------_ 3, 500 The estimate submitted contemplates an increase of $1,000 over the amount of the current appropriation. This additional amount is believed to be essential in order to properly provide for the work required to prevent deterioration in the plantings now installed at that locality. To properly care for this material will require the entire time of one man in addition to the maintenance force re- quired for the care of the reservation. For laying cement and other walks in various reservations-------- 5, 000 The contemplated extension of work in various reservations throughout the city will require the installation of walks beyond the amount which can be provided from the current appropria- tion. An increase in the amount appropriated is accordingly es- sential. For broken-stone road covering for parks,----------------------- 15, 000 The increase over the current appropriation of $10,000 is due to the necessity for providing for the repair of roads in several of the parks which, due to the lack of available funds it has not been pos- sible to keep in a proper condition of repair. For curbing, coping, and flagging for park roads and walks___ .. _. 2, 000 For care and improvement of Rock Creek Park_,7-------------------5, 000 This represents an increase of $45,000 over the amount of the cur- rent appropriation and is essential to provide for the accomplish- ment of necessary work in the park. The amount heretofore ap- propriated has not permitted the making of needed improvements which in the opinion of this office are essential to the best use of the park. For the improvement, care, and maintenance of West Potomac Park, including grading, soiling, seeding, planting, and constructing paths and roads - -------------------------------------------- 30, 000 For oiling or otherwise treating macadam roads------------------ 10, 000 For care and improvement of East Potomac Park---------------- 35, 000 For widening existing roads and walks and for constructing roads, walks, and paths in East Potomac Park-, _ _----- _ 30, 000 The large increase in the number of' vehicles using the driveway in East Potomac Park makes it essential that the roadway be Widened for the proper accommodation of such traffic. It is con- templated with funds covered by the above estimate to increase the width of the road by approximately 30 per cent. For care, maintenance, and improvement of Montrose Park---------- 5, 000 For placing and maintaining special portions of the parks in condi- tion for outdoor sports------ ---------------------------- 15, 000 For improvement, care, and maintenance of Meridian Hill Park--- 75, 000 This estimate represents an increase of $50,000 over the amount of the current appropriation and is believed essential. This office in recent years has been endeavoring, so far as available funds permit, to make essential improvements in this park, which in its present condition is an eyesore in a highly developed section of the city. The policy has been to apply to improvements such funds as remain available over and above the amount absolutely needed for the maintenance of the park, but in view of the fact that the portion of the park which has already been improved requires an increas- ingly large amount from year to year for current maintenance, the amount available for improvement becomes correspondingly less, with the result that at the present time practically one half of the current appropriation is devoted to maintenance work. It is ob- vious that this office will be unable to make any appreciable prog- ress in the accomplishment of the project for this park for many years to come, unless an additional amount is provided for improve- ment work. For care and maintenance of Willow Tree Park___ ____ __ 1, 500 For care of the center parking on Maryland Avenue NE - -__ 1,000 PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 2059 For improvement and care of public grounds, District of Columbia-- Continued. For operation, care, repair, and maintenance of the pumps which op- erate the three fountains on the Union Station Plaza- ..------ -$4, 000 To provide for the increased cost in park maintenance-------- ----- 65,000 This is an increase of $15,000 over the amount of the current ap- propriation. The item was originally provided as indicated by its language to make available additional funds to meet the increase in the cost of labor and materials incident to the maintenance of the public parks. There is no indication at the present time that there will be any reduction in such costs, and in the case of labor costs particularly it is practically certain that additional expenses will be incurred during the fiscal year 1925. For care of the center parking in Pennsylvania Avenue between Second and Seventeenth Streets SE -------------------------- 2, 500 For purification of waters of the Tidal Basin, and care, maintenance, and operation of the bathhouse and beach _--------------_ 12, 000 To provide fire protection for the Tidal Basin bathing beach in West Potomac Park ------------------------------------------- 3, 500 The installation at the Tidal Basin is entirely without any means of fire protection other than such as is provided from the Tidal Basin itself. The condition in the basin at low tide is such as to practically preclude the elective use of fire-fighting apparatus, with the result that the expensive installation is subject to com- plete destruction. It is proposed to install a 6-inch water main to provide a source of water from the city main with adequate pres- sure to serve the purpose. For maintenance and improvement of Rock Creek-Potomac Parkway_ 10,000 This is a new item and is intended to provide a fund with which operations may be started in the area of the Rock Creek and Potomac Connecting Parkway now under the jurisdiction of this office, with a view to clearing up that area and thus placing the ground in a presentable condition for the actual development thereof. The work is believed to be essential. For care and maintenance of Mount Vernon Park --------------- _ 1,000 For improvement and maintenance as recreation park of section D, Anacostia Park, between Pennsylvania Avenue and the Anacostia Bridge ------------------------------------------------ 50, 000 This item is for the continuation of work in section D, Anacostia Park, for which purpose the sum of $50,000 has already been ap- propriated for the fiscal year 1924. \ For purchase and repair of machinery and tools for shops at nursery, and for repair of shops and storehouses-----------------------4, 000 For installation of a central heating plant for the Propagating Gardens----------------------------------- ----------- 20,000 It is proposed to install a central heating plant for the service of the greenhouses at the Propagating Gardens to replace the present expensive system of individual heating plants. The amount submitted is tentative, and will be subject to revision upon the com- pletion of a study of the problem which is about to be initiated. For the improvement and maintenance of the grounds around the Lincoln Memorial and the reflecting basin. --------------------- 10, 000 This item is submitted with a view to the securing of a separate appropriation for the maintenance of the panel extending from Seventeenth Street westerly to the Potomac River, including the Lincoln Memorial and the reflecting basin. The special character of the installations in this area and the necessity for their mainte- nance in a high state of development is such that the work can not be adequately provided for from the existing appropriation for West Potomac Park. For the installation of a drainage system in the Monument Grounds_ 15, 000 The existing drainage system which has been installed in the Monument Grounds for a number of years has, become practically useless due to the clogging thereof with tree roots and d4bris. The condition is such that it would be more expensive to clear the ex- isting drains than it would be to install a new system. 2060 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS. U. S. ARMY, 1923. For improvement and care of public grounds, District of Columbia-- Continued. For widening the Inlet Bridge, West Potomac Park_-------------- $20, 000 This work is required to provide for the accommodation of traffic using the driveway between East and West Potomac Parks. At the present time the roadway of the Inlet Bridge is barely wide enough for two cars to pass, and on account of the limited area available both on the bridge and at the approaches thereto, is a source of constant danger to persons occupying vehicles passing thereover. The bridge can be widened at comparatively small expense, and it is believed that the work should be undertaken immediately. For expenses incident to the conducting of band concerts in the public parks --- --------------------------------------------- 3, 000 The demand for band concerts in the public parks has in the past been greater than could be met by this office, due to the fact that the appropriation for "Outdoor sports," to which the cost of these operations has been charged, is insufficient to permit the applica- tion of any additional funds to this purpose. It has become neces- sary to temporarily discontinue band concerts in the outlying parks. There has been no difficulty in securing the services of bands for this purpose, but the fact that the concerts involve the expense of handling equipment for the accommodation of the musicians has placed a very definite limit upon the number of concerts which can be afforded. It is believed that this feature of public recreation should be encouraged and developed. For expenses incident to the enforcement of traffic regulations in the public parks --------------------------------------------- 500 The increasing amount of traffic using the driveways in the public parks has made it essential that every possible mechanical means for the direction and safeguarding of such traffic be utilized. At the present time no particular fund for this purpose is avail- able, with the result that it has not been possible to provide what this office would consider a really efficient system of mechanical traffic direction. The necessity for such a fund is urgent. To cover the cost of a survey to establish the boundary line between the District of Columbia and the State of Virginia, between Chain Bridge and Jones Point, and for incidental expenses including the location of monuments---------------------- - --- - 5,000. This item is submitted with a view to securing authority for the establishment of the boundary line between the points indicated in the above lan uage. Investigations made by this office indicate that approximately 400 acres of valuable land could be recovered by the accomplishment of the proposed survey, the value of such land being far more than sufficient to pay the expenses of the survey. Furthermore, the establishment of a definite boundary line between these points would obviate, or at least reduce, the expense of litiga- tion which would otherwise be incurred in the settling of boundary disputes. Provided, That when funds appropriated for the improvement and care of public grounds in the District of Columbia, or for other general maintenance purposes under the office of Public Buildings and Grounds, are apportioned among two or more subappropriation items, any amount which may remain unexpended under any such subappropriation item may be applied during the fiscal year for which appropriated, to other such items under the same general appropriation: Provided further, That the total so applied under this authority shall not exceed 10 per cent of the total appropriated under any such subappropriation item. Lighting the public grounds: For lighting the public grounds, watch- men's lodges, offices, and greenhouses at the propagating gardens, including all necessary expenses of installation, maintenance, and repair -------------------------------------- ---------- 37, 000 For heating offices, watchmen's lodges, and greenhouses at the propa- gating gardens_- _---- ---------- 6,000 Total, District of Columbia appropriation bill_- _ 840,920 PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, DISTICT OF COLUMBIA. ~16 For improvelient and care of public grounds, District of Columbia- Continued., Provided, That the OChief of Engineers of the United States Army in his discretion may appoint special policemen for duty without com- pensation in connection with the policing, of the public parkS: and other reservations under his jurisdiction within the Distrit of Columbia, such special policemen to have the same powers and per- form the same duties as the United States park police and the Metro- politan police of said District of Columbia and to be subject to such regulations as the Chief of Engineers may prescribe. WAR DEPARTMENT APPROPRIATION BILL. For improvement, care, and maintenance of grounds of executive de- partments ----------- -------------------------------- $1, 000 Salaries, Washington Monument: Custodian, $1,200; steam engineer, $960; conductor of elevator car, $900; attendant on floor, $720; attendant on top floor, $720; 3 night and day watchmen, $720 each;. in 'all----------------- 6,660 Washington Monument: For electric power, lights, oil, waste, packing, tools, matches, paints, brushes, brooms, lanterns, rope, nails, screws, lead, elec- tric lights, heating apparatus, oil stoves for elevator car and upper and lower floors, repairs of all kinds connected with the Monument and machinery, and purchase of all necessary articles for safe-keeping the Monument, machinery, and elevator, in good order ----------------------------------------- ------ 6, 000 For extra services of employees and for additional supplies and materials to provide for the opening of the Monument to the public on Sundays and legal holidays------------------ 2, 500 For purchasing and supplying uniforms to the three watchmen, two floormen, and the elevator conductor at Washington Monu- ment ------------------------------------------------- 480 Building where Abraham Lincoln died: For painting and miscellaneous repairs ..------- --------------------------------- --------- 2, 000 This item represents an increase of $1,800 over the amount of the current appropriation. The increase is recommended in order that funds may be available to cover the cost "of repairs to ceilings, plumbing, and interior fittings which are urgently needed. Birthplace of George Washington, Wakefield, Va.: For repairs to fences, and cleaning up and maintaining grounds about the monu- ment-- ------------ --------------------------------- 15,000 It is proposed to utilize the increase of $14,900 in the construction of a road within the reservation, so as to provide a means of access to the memorial. The State of Virginia has recently completed the construction of a first-class road which touches the boundary of the reservation, and it is proposed to make the memorial accessible to this road. At the present time, visitors to the memorial are required to walk a distance of one-half of a mile from the road to the memorial, For watchmen for the care of the monument and dock at Wakefield, Va., the birthplace of Washington .--.--------------------- 300 Lincoln Memorial: Custodian, $1,200; 4 watchmen at $720 each; 3 laborers at $660 .each. In all----------------------------------------- 6, 060 For heat, light, and miscellaneous labor and supplies for the Lincoln Memorial-- -----.. --.-------------------------- 3, 910 For extra services of employees and for additional supplies and materials to provide for opening the Lincoln Memorial to the public on Sundays and legal holidays------- ------------- 1, 750 For purchasing and supplying uniforms to the four Lincoln Memo- rial watchmen----------------------------------------- 320 For constructing roads, completing sea wall, and grading south and west of the Lincoln Memorial. ------ ---------- 100, 000 2062 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923, Lincoln Memorial---Continued. This amount is required to complete the construction of the sea wall which is essential for the completion of the landscape im- mediately surrounding the Lincoln Memorial, and in addition for the making of necessary improvements, including grading, roads, and planting in the reclaimed area south and west of the Memorial on the river side. For continuing the construction of the sea wall along the water front between the foot of New Hampshire Avenue and the north building line of G Street, including the grading and filling in incident thereto_ $50, 000 This amount is estimated as necessary to extend the sea wall construction along the water front to the north building line of G Street, where it can be tied in to existing wall, and thus present a continuous wall and afford protection against the river currents which run very strongly at this location, carrying large quantities of ice during the spring freshets. The construction of the wall will also make possible the filling which is essential to the accomplishment of the Rock Creek-Potomac Parkway proj- ect, and also permit this office to take active steps toward the re- moval of ddbris from the immediate neighborhood. Total, War Department, appropriation bitll -- ------------------ 195,980 EXECUTIVE AND INDEPENDENT OFFICES APPROPRIATION BILL. For ordinary care, repair, and refurnishing of Executive Mansion, to be expended by contract or otherwise, as the President may deter- mine -- -------------------------------------- 50, 000 For heating the Executive Mansion and greenhouses----------------12, 000 For care and maintenance of greenhouses, Executive Mansion--------- 9, 000 For repair and reconstruction of greenhouses, Executive Mansion------ 9, 000 For improvement and maintenance of Executive Mansion grounds------ 10, 000 For lighting the Executive Marnsion, grounds, and greenhouses, electric power and equipment, including all necessary expenses of installation, maintenance, and repair---- -- -- ----------------------- _ 8, 600 White House police: I First sergeant, $2,380; sergeants, 2, $2,040 each; privates, 30, at $1,900 each; in all -------------- 63, 460 For uniforming and equipping the White House police, including inci- dental expenses and the purchase of reVolvers and ammtnhition . 8, 350 For extraordinary repairs to and refurnishing the Executive Mansion, including reconstruction of the interior portion of the building-___ 400, 000 A preliminary study of the situation in the interior upper portion of the Etxecutive Mansion has indicated a condition which renders the building Unsafe, both from the standpoint of security in the structural features, and the fire hazard present. The conditions are such as to require that immediate remedial measures be taken to prevent a possible calamity. These conditions have been called to the attention of the President, and his authority for the inclusion of the item submitted herewith has been requested. While such approval has not yet been secured, the item is tenta- tively included herein. The requirement of section 9 of the sundry civil act, approved June 25, 1910 (36 Stats. 774), that the inventory of White House prop- erty shall be made annually during the month of June, under the direction of the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds, * is hereby amended by striking out the words "in the month of June," and the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds is authorized to make such annual inventory at such time or times as mnay be most convenient. The officer in charge of public buildings and grounds is hereby authorized to remove the gates now installed across the entrance to West Executive Avenue at its intersection with Pennsylvania Avenue NW., together with their supports and foundations. Total, Executive and Independent Offices bill.---- -- -- 565, 410 NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 2068 SURVEY OF NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. CONDUCTED BY THE UNITED STATES LAKE SURVEY OFFICE, DETROIT,. MICH. District engineer: Col. E. M.: Markham, Corps of Engineers. Division engineer : Col. J. G. Warren, Corps of Engineers, to Sep- tember 4, 1922; Col. Spencer Cosby, Corps of Engineers, since that date. LOCATION AND DEStIlPTION. The operations under appropriations " Survey of northern and northwestern lakes" cover the American waters of the Great Lakes and their connecting and outflow rivers from St. Regis, on the St. Lawrence River, to the heads of Lakes Michigan and Superior; the natural navigable waters of the New York State canals; Lake Cham- plain; and Lake of the Woods and other boundary and Jonnecting waters between said lake and Lake Superior. The operations have also been extended at times into Canadian waters, to include main traveled courses for American commerce and boundary rivers, where surveys were essential to the integrity of the navigation charts. The areas of the various waterways and the lengths of their shore lines are given on page 1690, Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1915. ORIGINAL CONDITION. Prior to 1841, when the work of the Lake Survey was begun, there were no charts of the Lakes except those of the 13ritish Admiralty, compiled from the surveys of C'apt. H. W. Bayfield, of the Royal Navy, and these were not in general use by the masters of American vessels. These charts were the results of rapid reconnaissance, and, although the coast lines were shown with remarkable accuracy, con- sidering the rough methods of survey employed, the charts were of little use to the navigator, as they showed the depth of water in but few places and mapped but very few of the many dangerous reefs and shoals. There were few lighthouses and beacons to mark the dan- gers to navigation, and, in the absence of charts pilots were obliged to rely upon their own knowledge, which was frequently acquired only by stranding or loss of vessels. The commerce;, which was then largely confined to Lakes Erie and Ontario, was attended annually by much loss of life and property. PREVIOUS :PROJECTS. The initial appropriation for general surveys of the Lakes was carried by the act of Congress approved March 3, 1841, and this may be considered as the date of adoption of the original project. Slight modifications in the scope of the work were made by sub- sequent appropriation acts as follows: March 3, 1849; March 3, 1853; March 3, 1869; March 3, 1873;pMarch 3, 1881; Augusti7, 1882; March 2, 1889; June 6, 1900; :June 28, 1902. The final appropriation pre- vious to the adoption of the existing project was provided by the sundry civil act of June 30, 1906. 61637-ENG 1923-130 2064 REPORT OF CHIEF OIF E GINEER8, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The aggregate of expenditures from the beginning of the work to and including those from funds appropriated by the act of June 30, 1906, is $3,974,967.19. For scope of previous projects, see page 3620 of Annual Report for 1916. EXISTING PROJECT. The work is organized under the following divisions: (1) Surveys for charting purposes. (2) Preparing, correcting, printing, and issuing the charts. (3) Publishing and distributing descriptive annual bulletins, with monthly supplements and special notices to mariners supplementing the charts. (4) Investigation of lake levels with a view to their regulation, including observations and studies of hydraulic conditions in the outlets. Surveys-Great Lakes.--The existing general project, stated in detail in the Annual Report for 1907, pages 844 and 850, comprises the following work necessary to render the surveys and the charts adequate to respond to all probable future demands, viz, the ascer- tainment and charting of lake depths in all significant regions of the Great Lakes to a plane 30 feet below the adopted low-water datum of the open lakes and 25 feet below the corresponding datum in the channels of the connecting rivers; the completion of triangulation and precise leveling needed to control properly the areas under sur- vey; river-discharge measurements; investigations of lake levels; magnetic surveys in and near main vessel courses; and prompt exami- nation of areas where obstructions to navigation have been reported. Surveys--New York State canals.--The sundry civil act of March 4, 1911, provided that the survey be extended to include the lakes and other natural navigable waters of the New York State canals. The project contemplated revision and adjustment by field reconnais- sance of all existing survey data pertaining thereto, supplemented by such additional topographic and hydrographic surveys as might be- required for the publication of navigation charts of these waters. Field work under this project has been completed, and the full set of charts has been published. Surveys-Lake Cham plain.--The scope of Lake Survey operations was extended by the sundry civil act of June 23, 1913, to include Lake Champlain, and accordingly jurisdiction of surveying and charting it was transferred from the Coast and Geodetic Survey. A definite project has not yet been formulated. It appears probable. that quite extensive surveys will be necessary in order to modernize the charts, which are now, for the most part, made up from the orig- inal surveys of 1870-1874. Surveys- Boundary waters between the Lake of the Woods and Lake Superior.-The sundry civil act of August 1, 1914, extended the work of the Lake Survey to include these waters. The existing project provides for supplementing the surveys of the Interna- tional Boundary Commissions on the Lake of the Woods with such additional field work as may be required for completing the data needed in the preparation of navigation charts. The additional work necessary for the preparation of charts to cover the boundary waters between the Lake of the Woods and Lake Superior will con- sist largely of hydrography, the extent of which has not yet been ascertained. NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 2065 (hart8s.-The existing chart project, adopted April 17, 1909, pro- vides for revising old charts and preparing new ones. Further de- tails concerning it and a detailed statement of the work required to complete it are printed on pages 1918-1923 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1917. The number now in force, not including one chart of the Lake of the Woods, is 122. The proposed series will include two additional new charts, while two of the present series will be printed as insets on existing coast charts. The final series as now contemplated will therefore contain 122 separate charts, as follows: Estimated number of Lake Survey charts of Great Lakes---.----__, ... 105 Charts of natural navigable waters of the navigation system of New York State canals---7-------------------------------------------- Charts of Lake Champlain------------------------------ 5 Hydrographic Office general charts of the Lakes__-............--------- 5 Number of charts contemplated in final series (not including Lake of the Woods and adjacent waters)---------------------------------- 122 This is not considered as final and definite determination of the number of charts that will be needed, as it is recognized that chang- ing conditions may indicate later the advisability of discontinuing some of those now issued or may show the need of charts not provided for in this project. Bulletins.-The work pertaining to the Bulletin of the Survey of Northern and Northwestern Lakes consists in publishing an annually revised volume of coast and harbor descriptions, etc., issued about April, and seven supplements containing changes and additions, issued monthly from May to November. Investigation of lake levels.-The present general project is the continuation and extension of that published in the Annual Report for 1898, pages 3774-3776, which proposes the determination of the following questions: 1. The laws of flow in the interlake and outflow rivers at various stages of water. 2. The causes and extent of fluctuations of lake levels from year to year. 3. The effect of Government improvements already made or that may be made on lake levels. 4. The effect of the Chicago Drainage Canal or other like artificial outlet on lake levels. 5. The practicability and advisability of regulating lake levels by dams or locks and dams. 6. The nature and effect of currents, with special reference to the transporta- tion of loose material and its obstruction of channels. 7. The effect of gales, storm waves, and barometric pressure on lake levels and currents. 8. Ice effects as respects action on channels and interference with navigation. The work required in the series of observations may be summarized as fol- lows: (a) Measurements of discharge through and surface slopes of lake- connecting channels; (b) soundings and borings in rivers and lakes; (c) lake current observations and measurements; (d) continuous records of water- gauges, force and direction of winds, and other meteorological data at selected stations. The latest published hydrograph, showing the monthly mean of water levels of the different lakes, is found opposite page 4156 of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, 1920. It covers the period extending from January 1, 1860, to and including June, 1920. Estimated cost of the work.-The principal work of the Lake Survey is to secure and compile data affecting navigation of the 2066 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Great Lakes and their connecting waters, including changes in lake levels and their causes, and to issue such data in the form of charts, bulletins, and reports as a means to the protection and safety of lake commerce. One of the chief activities is the maintenance of a complete series of charts, revised as nearly as possible to date of issue. The constantly changing conditions of shores, harbors, and channels and the changing requirements for lake vessels, which are gradually increasing in size and draft, necessitate the continuance of surveys and investigations year after year with corresponding revision of the charts. This is a work which must be carried on indefinitely if the vast commerce of the lakes is properly to be served. As a result of the suspension of surveys from 1880 to 1900, during a period of amazing growth of lake traffic, the charts became entirely inadequate and virtually obsolete. A large amount of field work additional to a normal maintenance was necessary to regain the lost ground. Appropriations for this purpose were started in 1900. After a few years of intensive surveys in the most important locali- ties it became evident that systematic resurveys over large portions of the: lakes were necessary in order to modernize the charts. A program or project for such resurveys, formulated in 1907, is de- scribed in the Annual Report for that year. In the Annual Report for 1908 it was estimated that, assuming adequate appropriations, the project could be completed in 1918. Since that estimate was made, however, the scope of operations has been enlarged by acts of Congress approved March 4, 1911, June 23, 1913, and August 1, 1914, to include the natural navigable waters of the New York canals, Lake Champlain, and " the Lake of .the Woods and other boundary and connecting: waters between said lake and Lake Su- perior." The expenses for this additional work, the increased cost of pub- lishing charts to meet a greatly increased demand therefor, and the advance in cost of field and office operations without increase in an- nual appropriations have made it impossible to, complete the so- called project as originally estimated. The additional work now required to complete the resurveys on the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain and the surveying and charting of the Lake of the Woods and adjacent waters in accordance with the existing project, will cost about $300,000, provided the funds are appro- priated annually in amounts that can be expended most economically and effectively. This cost is additional to that of maintenance which consists of revision and reissue of charts, revisory surveys, observa- tion and study of lake levels, publication of bulletins, supplements, and notices to mariners, and other normal activities, all of which may be regarded as a necessary and continuing service. The esti- mated cost of maintenance is about $75,000 per annum. It is impossible to emphasize too strongly the importance of com- pleting the surveys on the lakes at the earliest possible time. The commerce on those waters surpasses that of any other waterway in the world of like extent and the hazard of navigation is probably the greatest. During the .past 10 years there has been an average annual casualty list of over 65 strandings and founderings with ant average loss of about 35 lives and with over $1,500,000 loss NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 29o 7 and damage of property., Manifestly such conditions demand that the most complete and accurate charts be provided at the earliest -practicable date. This can only be done as the. projected surveys are finished. RECOMMENDED MODIFICATIONS OF PROJECT. None. LOCAL COOPERATION. At the time the project was adopted no conditions were imposed by law to provide for local cooperation. The Lake Survey has always received valuable assistance from the district engineer offices,' with which there is excellent cooperation, and has frequently been fur- nished important information and data by mariners or from other private sources. The Hydrographic Survey of Canada and the office of the State Engineer and Surveyor of New York have also supplied a large amount of data used in the preparation of general charts of the lakes and New York canal charts, respectively; and the Inter- national Boundary Commission and the International Joint Com- mission have furnished results of triangulation, levels, and topo- graphic surveys on the Lake of the Woods and adjacent waters, which are of valuable assistance in the surveys and charting of those waters. TERMINAL FACILITIES. All terminal facilities on waters included in the scope of Lake Survey operations are served by its surveys and charting of the canals, lakes, rivers, and harbors which carry the commerce to and from these terminals. The character and extent of the terminal facilities are described in annual reports of the Chief of Engineers on river and harbor improvements. EFFECT OF IMPROVEMENT. The present degree of safety to life and property in the navigation of the Great Lakes is largely due to the work of the Lake Survey. It has thus been an important factor in bringing about the low freight rates on these waters, which, roughly, are but about one-thirteenth of the average rail ton-mile rate. OPERATIONS AND RESULTS DURING THE FISCAL YEAR. Surveys.-Two field parties were at work on the Great Lakes at the beginning of the year. Their operations for the season were suspended on September 4 and 21, nearly two months ahead of the usual time, on account of reduction in the appropriation. Field work was resumed in the spring of 1923 by one shore party and one steamer party. They left headquarters at Detroit on May 2 and 15, respectively, and :were actively engaged on the surveys at the close of the year. The localitids and character of work are as follows: Northerly end of Lake Michigan.-Boulder and Gull Island Reefs and shoal areas surrounding Gull Island and westerly of Squaw and Whiskey Islands, sweeping; deeper waters in vicinity of Gull 2068 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Island and northeasterly therefrom, sounding; northerly of Grand Traverse Light from the mainland to about 20 miles westerly of Charlevoix Harbor and the northerly end of Grand Traverse Bay, sounding and sweeping; Norwood to Eastport, Big Rock Point to Nine Mile Point, vicinities west and northeast of Charlevoix, Mich., and south of Northport, and interior of High Island, topography. Lake St. Clair and Detroit River.--Westerly end Lake St. Clair from Gaukler Point to Huron Point, sounding, sweeping and topog- raphy; head of Detroit River to Eighteenth Street, Detroit, triangu- lation and location of harbor line. Miscellaneous.-Inspectionand repair of automatic gauges. Charts.-Duringthe year ending June 30, 1923, the Lake Survey issued 15 editions in colors of charts, as follows: Twelve corrected :Lake Survey charts of the Great Lakes, 1 corrected chart of Lake Champlain, and 1 corrected chart of New York canals, or 14 in all, and 1 corrected Hydrographic Office chart (Lakes Erie and Ontario). A new engraving of 1 existing chart was completed, ready for print- ing. At the end of the fiscal year 9 existing charts were being cor- rected for current changes preparatory to the printing of main- tenance editions. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1923, the number of charts sold by the Detroit office was 18,587, and by the Buffalo, Albany, and New York offices 3,115, the aggregate sales being 21,702. The proceeds of the sales, amounting to $5,172.85, were deposited to the credit of the Treasurer of the United States. The Detroit office issued 2,732 charts for official use, and the Buffalo, Albany, and New York offices 168, a total of 2,900. Bulletin, etc.-The present edition of the bulletin is 2,100 copies. Supplements Nos. 3 to 7, Bulletin No. 31, were issued between July and November of the season of 1922. Copy for Bulletin No. 32 was prepared during the winter and forwarded to the Public Printer in February. The edition was received from the Public Printer and distributed in April. Supple- ments Nos. 1 and 2 were printed locally under contract and were issued in May and June, 1923. In addition to the above periodical publications, 12 mimeographed notices of monthly stages of the lakes and several special notices relating to conditions of immediate concern to navigation were mailed to newspapers, vessel interests, and Government officials in the lake region. Investigation of lake levels.-The operation of 1 staff and 10 self-registering gauges was continued throughout the year and 1 automatic gauge was maintained during the season of navigation. Two small type automatic gauges were operated on Beaver Island and at St. Ignace during the periods of field work. An extensive study of regimen and hydraulics of the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers was continued with a view to determining the effect upon water levels of depening the channels between Lakes Erie and Huron. CONDITION AT THE END OF FISCAL YEAR, Surveys.-It is estimated that the field work accomplished pre- vious to 1907, when the present project for surveys on the Great NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 2069 Lakes was formulated, will furnish about 50 per cent of the aggre- gate survey data which will be available and of live value when this project is completed. On the same basis, the progress to June 30, 1923, is 94J per cent. The present state of the Various operations is about as follows: Triangulation, 100 per cent complete; precise level- ing, 100 per cent; topography, 96 per cent; ordinary sounding (including sweeping), 961 per cent; deep-sea sounding, 16 per cent; hydraulic measurements, 100 per cent; and magnetic observations, 97 per cent complete on land and 54 per cent on water. The project for New York State canal surveys has been completed. The work on the Lake of the Woods and adjacent waters, at the end of fiscal year, was about 24 per cent complete. Charts.-On June 30), 1923, there were in force 123 charts, com- prising 106 Lake Survey charts of the Great Lakes, 4'of Lake Cham- plain 7 of New York State canals, 1 of Lake of the Woods, and 5 Hydographic Office charts of the Great Lakes. These charts are kept on sale at the Lake Survey Office at Detroit, at the canal office at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., and at the United States Engineer offices in Buffalo, Albany, and New Yor City. Complete sample sets may be seen at the United States Engineer offices at Duluth, Milwaukee, Chicago, Grand Rapids, Cleveland, and Oswego, enabling purchasers to select exactly the charts they wish to order. From 1882 to June 30, 1923, a total sum of $81,600.09 was derived from the sale of charts and deposited in the United States Treasury. In all, 682,857 of these charts have been sold and issued for actual service. The folowing table shows the condition of work under the chart project at the end of the fiscal year: Lake Survey charts of Great Lakes: Total number of new or revised charts completed for both standards (geodetic datum and low water) on June 30, 1923--------------- 101 Charts revised for geodetic datum alone------------------ 2 Charts revised for low-water reference alone------_---_--- 2 Charts not revised to either standard---------------------------- 1 Total unit count on June 30, 1923----------------- 106 Total number of insets appearing on published charts on June 30, 1923_ 48 Total number of charts revised for geodetic datum (combining the 101 and 2 above) --------------- --------------------------- 03 Total number of charts revised for low-water reference (combining the 101 and 2 above) --------------------- ------------------ 103 New Charts engraved (not yet published) 1------------- Charts of New York State canals: Completed, based on both standards----------------------------- 7 Charts of Lake Champlain: Completed, based on both standards--------- ------------ 4 Hydrographic Office charts: Charts of Great Lakes on Mercator projection_------------__----__ 5 Charts of Lake of the Woods series: Completed, based on both standards_. - ---------------- 1 For completion of the chart project for the Great Lakes, Lake Champlain, and the New York canals 'as outlined on pages 1919-1922 of the Chief of Engineers Report for 1917, the following work, a portion of which is well advanced, remained unfinished on June 30, 1923: (a) The preparation and issue of two entirely new charts, viz, Burlington Harbor and Rouge River. 2070 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. (b) The preparation and issue of three new charts to replace charts now obsolete or soon to become so, viz, Lake Ontario general chart, Detroit River, and Lake St. Clair. (c) The revision for projection of two charts, viz, Grand Haven Harbor and Portege Lake HErtbor. (d) The preparation and addition to appropriate coast or other charts of four insets of harbors, two of which are to be newly engraved, viz, Vermilion, Ohio, and Ford River, Mich., and two to be reproduced from present harbor charts, viz, Fairport, Ohio, and Two Harbors, Minn. Only the latter requires revision to standards. (e) The revision, for projection only, of two existing insets, viz, Charlevoix, Mich., and Port Wing, Wis. Bulletins.-The bulletins, which contain descriptions of coast lines, harbors, channels, menaces to navigation, and other important in- formation supplementary to the charts, but of too voluminous a char- acter to be incorporated thereon, are issued free in connection with the charts. They are distributed annually according to a carefully revised mailing list, and a stock of the current bulletin and the sup- plements thereto is kept on hand for issue to new chart purchasers. Investigationwof lake levels.-The formulas expressing the laws of flow with respect to varying lake stages and the years of measurement from which they were derived are printed on page 1928 of the Chief of Engineers Report for 1917. The conditions governing the out- flow from Lake Superior have undergone numerous changes since the last hydraulic measurements were made, due to lock and canal con- struction and to the extension of regulating works in the rapids above the International Bridge. The formula of discharge for St. Marys River is therefore no longer applicable. As the flow of the river is now under artificial control, further measurements are not contemplated. The formulas for the St. Clair, Niagara, and St. Lawrence Rivers have been determined with a high degree of accu- racy and are applicable to present conditions. The hydraulic work on the outflow rivers may be considered complete until such time as natural or artificial changes in regimen in any one of the last three named invalidate the present formulas. Table of mean discharges. Mean elevation for 63 years (1860-1922) above mean Corresponding mean discharge in cubic feet of water sea level, in feet. per second.' Lake. Stage. River. Discharge. Superior........ .................. 602.28 St. Marys (under regulation)... ....... Michigan-Huron.................... St. Clair at Flats Canal............. Erie ......................... .... .. 581.12 575.60 St. Clair................ Detroit........ ........... 572.51 Niagara.......................... ......... ......... . - 205, 000 210, 000 209000 Ontario........................ .... 246.16 St. Lawrence.......... ........... 241,000 1 The volumes of discharge are for open-season flow and for the conditions of outflow that existed at the time of the latest measurements. They do not include the flow in the Chicago Drainage Canal nor the flow from Lake Erie through the Welland and Erie Canals. The discharge for Detroit River is derived by adding a proportional amount of d;ainage for the Lake St. Clair Basin to the otuflow through St. Clair River. NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN LAKES. 2071 Monthly means of water levels for stations named, expressed in feet above mean"sea level. [Adjusted levels of 1903.1 1922 July. August. Seem- October. Novem- Decem- ber. ber. Marquette........ .................... 602.44 602.59 602.66 602.46 602.26 602.02 Milwaukee .......................... 580.73 580.4 580.43 580.02 579.59 579.14 HarborBeach. ....................... 580.62 580.54 580. 31 579.93 579. 58 579. 21 Cleveland. ........................... 572.74 572.50 572.32 571.88 571.42 571.11 Oswego.................................... 246.92 246.56 246.03 245.61 245.15 244.64 1923 January. Febru- March. April. May. June. Marquette ........................... 601.78 601.61 601.47 601.39 601.58 601.65 Milwaukee ............................. 579.10 578. 83 579.04 579. 27 579. 70 579.90 Harbor Beach ............................. 578.93 578.84 578.89 579.14 579.53 579.80 Cleveland................. .............. 571.16 570.83 571.00 571.49 571.82 572.00 Oswego................................. 244.50 244.47 244.74 245.33 245.62 245.98 The temperature of air and of surface water over the lakes have been observed at special stations and by the field parties engaged on hydrographic and magnetic work for several years. These and other meteorological data are being compiled, and study and analysis of the same are in progress for the purpose of determining the cause and probable extent of the fluctuations of lake levels and the nature and effect of lake currents. Expenditures under ezxisting project.--The total expenditures under the existing project up to June 30, 1923, amount to $1,868,- 423.15. PROPOSED OPERATIONS. (a) The funds appropriated, $75,000, for the fiscal year 1924 by act of Congress approved March 2, 1923, will be used for hydro- graphic and topographic surveys on the northeasterly end of Lake Michigan and on Detroit River and Lake St. Clair; a chart prepara- tion and issue, including new charts and corrected editions of current charts of the Great Lakes, Lake Champlain, and New York canals; maintenance of water gauges and investigation of lake levels; prep- aration and issue of bulletins and supplements; care and repair of warehouse, dock, floating plant and equipment, and the general expenses of the office. (b)It is estimated that $139,500 can be profitably expended on this work during the fiscal year 1925. The proposed operations and their costs are as follows: 1. Hydrography, Lakes Michigan and Superior and Straits of Macki- nac, two steamer parties __----_----- ___-__---------- _ $52, 000 2. Survey Lake of the Woods and Rainy River, two parties------- 16, 500 3. Resurvey, Lake St. Clair and Detroit and Rouge Rivers --------- 9, 500 4. Gauges and investigation of water levels--- 6, 000 5. Chart preparation and issue- - - - -_ 30, 0001 2072 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. 6. Chart correctio4 and sales ..-- ----------- ----------- $3, 500 7. Preparation of bulletin and preparation and publication of sup- plements -------------------------------- 2, 500 8. Clerical and office expenses -----__---------------------- 12, 500 9. Maintenance of warehouse and docks------------------------1,000 10. Supervision, Detroit and Cleveland__--------------------------- 5, 000 11. Miscellaneous ------------- ------------------------ 1, 000 Total-------------------------- 139, 500 When the project for completing the survey of the Great Lakes was proposed $125,000 was estimated as the amount that would be needed each year to prosecute the work advantageously and econom- ically. In accordance with this estimate the rate of annual appro- priations was started at $125,000 in 1908 and wvas so continued up to and including that for the fiscal year 1922. Since this original esti- mate was made, however, the surveys of the New York canals, Lake Champlain, and the Lake of the Woods have been added to the proj- ect without increase in the rate of appropriations. On the other hand, a sum of $25,000 from the appropriation for 1922 was set aside as "General reserve " and subsequent appropriations have been but $75,000 each. The combination of increased scope of work, advanced cost of operations, and reduced appropriations has delayed the work of sur- veying and charting the Great Lakes to such an extent that the service no longer measures up to reasonable requirements. The vol- ume and value of present and prospective commerce on the lakes de- mands the best and most complete information of conditions affecting navigation that it is possible to furnish, and such information will be available only when the surveys are complete and maintenance work is being fully maintained. With a view to attaining this end it is proposed to utilize the Lake Survey organization and plant to economical capacity as represented by the foregoing estimates. COMMERCIAL STATISTICS. The commerce affected by the operations of the Lake Survey and depending upon the publication and constant revision of charts and bulletins is practically the entire commerce of the Great Lakes. The private investment in American vessels on the Great Lakes was esti- mated in 1916 as upward of $174,765,000, and in terminal docks and facilities many millions more. The Lake waterways permitted the movement during 1922 of freight estimated as aggregating 94,- 038,090 tons, with value of $1,289,419,236. Financialsummary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, exclusive of receipts from sales, etc., formerly included, amounting to $9,500: Expended to June 30, 1922---------$5 126. 39 76---------8, Expended by Lake Survey, 1923 ------------------------ 80, 287. 21 5, 843, 413. 60 Total appropriations to date of this report----------------- 5, 952, 379. 00 SURVEY OF ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 2073 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1928 E eor for newwork ............ 659.45 $108,041.20 $125,320.84 112, $94,127,25 $76,976.58 .p ded ;for maintenance, repairs. anid replacemee poly......., ......... .. 11,75.o06 7,49.73 10210.76 44074 S10.a Total exmpended 1................ . 124,414.61 115,000.93 135,531.60 99,676.99 10,287.21 ppropriated or allotted......._......... 125,000.00 125,000.00 125,000.00 125,000.00 75,000.00 July 1, 1922, balance unexpended_ ________________-- -__- $35, 519.23 Amount appropriated by sundry 'civil act approved June 30, 1922. 75,000. 00 110, 519. 23 Deduction on account of amount carried to surplus fund-_-- ----- 41. 29 110, 477.94 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: For new work ---------------------------- $76,976. 58 For maintenance ------------------- --- 3, 310. 63 80, 287.21 -___-______-- July 1, 1923, balance unexpended_________ 30, 190. 73 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities, ---------------------- 4, 837. 29 July 1, 1923, balance to revert to Treasury-------------------25, 353. 44 Amount appropriated by act of Mar. 2, 1923__------------------- 75, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, for new work and maintenance________-_______ 2 139, 500. 00 APPROPRIATIONS. Total to and including June 5, 1920__--______-___ --$5, 677,379. 00 (See statement on page 4158, Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, 1920.) Mar. 4, 1921 -------------------------------------------- 125, 000. 00 June 30, 1922 --------- ------- ----------- 75, 000. 00 Mar. 2, 1923 -------------------------------------------- 75, 000. 00 5, 952, 379. 00 Amounts carried to surplus fund of the Treasury__ $3, 634. 67 Amount placed in "General reserve'" fund, 1921 ... 25, 000. 00 28, 634. 67 Net total________--------------------------------------- 5, 981, 013. 67 SURVEY OF THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, FROM MONTREAL TO LAKE ONTARIO, FOR THE INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION, AND IN COOPERATION WITH ENGINEERS OF THE CANADIAN GOVERN- MENT. Cooperating engineer for the United States: Col. William P. Wooten, Corps of Engineers. LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION. That portion of the St. Lawrence River, extending from Lake Ontario to Montreal, about 182 miles in length, may be divided into three sections, viz: The upper section, 62 miles long, from its head to Ogdensburg, through which there is free navigation; the middle section, about 54 miles long, from Ogdens- x Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2 Exclusive of available funds. 2074 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S ARMY, 123. burg down to the mouth of the St. Regis, through which the navigation is inter- rupted by rapids and shoals around which canals have been built by the Cana- dian Government, shoals removed, aids to navigation established, etc. The. river, in that portion of its course covered by the two sections mentioned above, separates the United States and Canada. The third or lower section, below the toiiouth of the St. Regis to Montreal, a distance of about 66 miles, is entirely in Tanadian territory. This portion has been improved by the Canadian Govern- ment by building canals about the rapids, removing shoals, and establishing: "~ids to navigation. PROJECT. Section 9 of the river and harbor act approved March 2, 1919, pro- vides as follows: That the International Joint Commission, created by the treaty between the. United States and Great Britain, relating to boundary waters between the United States and Canada, signed at Washington, January 11, 1909, under the. provisions of article 9 of said treaty, is requested to investigate what further improvement of the St.. Lawrence River between Montreal and Lake Ontario is necessary to make the same navigable for ocean-going vessels, together with the estimated cost thereof, and report to the Government of the Dominion of Canada and to the Congress of the United States with its recommendations for ;cooperation by the United States with the Dominion of Canada in the improve- ment of said river. On August 13, 1919, the Secretary of State advised the Secretary of War that the matter had been taken up with the Dominion of Canada, and that the Dominion Privy Council had expressed the readiness of that Government to join with the United States in sub- mitting the matter to the International Joint Commission. The counci had also stated that a Canadian representative would be ap- pointed forthwith to discuss with United States authorities the terms and conditions to be embodied in the proposed reference. The Sec- retary of State, therefore, made inquiry as to the possibility of desig- nating an officer of the Corps of Engineers to confer with the repre- sentative of Canada. On August 19, 1919, the Secretary of War designated Lieut. Col. Charles Keller, Corps of Engineers, as the representative for the United States, and on September 29, 1919, the Canadian Government advised the Secretary of State that the Privy Council had appointed as the Canadian representative Mr. W. J. Stewart, consulting engi- neer of the Department of External Affairs. The two representatives met and conferred at Ottawa on October 2 and 3; at Montreal on October 14 and 15; and at Washington, D. C., on November 11 and 12. As a result of those conferences an agreement was reached and embodied in a joint memorandum, dated November 11, 1919, which was communicated by the representatives. to their respective Governments. It included a draft of a letter for referring the matter to the International Joint Commission, and a draft of a memorandum of instructions to engineers, which the con- ferees suggested should be appointed by the two Governments to obtain the data needed for facilitating the preparation of the com- mission report on the subject. The joint memorandum was approved by Canada and by the United States and reference, as proposed therein, was made by the Secretary of State to the International Joint Commission on January 21, 1920. The letter of reference- reads as follows: SURV'EY OF ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 2075 JANUar 21, 1920. IN'NMATIONAL .JOINT COMMISSION,. Wahington, D. C. (GENTLEMEN: I have the honor to inform you that the Governments of the Lhiited States of America and of the Dominion of Canada, under the provisions ,of Article IX of the treaty of the 11th of January, 1909, between the Govern- ments of the United -States and Great Britain, herewith refer certain questions, as set forth below, involving the beneficial use of the waters of the Sty Lawrence River, between Montreal and Lake Ontario, in the interests of both countries, and, in general, the rights, obligations, or interests of either in relations to the other, or to the inhabitants of the other along their common frontier. It is desired that the said questions be made the basis of an investigation to be carried out.by the International Joint Commission, to the end that the said commission may submit a report to the two countries covering the subject matter of this reference, together with such conclusions and recommendations as may be considered pertinent in the premises. Question' I. What further improvement in the St. Lawrence River, between Montreal and Lake Ontario, is necessary to make the same navigable for deep- draft vessels of either the lake or ocean-going type; what draft of, water is recommended and what is the estimated cost? In answering this question the commission is requested to consider-- (a) Navigation interests alone, whether by the construction of locks and dams in the river; by side canals with the necessary locks; or by a combination of the two. (b) The combination of navigation and power interests to obtain the greatest beneficial use of the waters of the river. Question II. Which of the schemes submitted by the Government or other engineers is preferred, and why? Question III. Under what general method of procedure and in what general order shall the various physical and administrative features of the improve- ment be carried out? Question IV. Upon what basis shall the capital cost of the completed improve- ment be apportioned to each country? Question V. Upon what basis shall the costs of operation and maintenance be apportioned to each country? Question VI. What method of control is recommended for the operation of the improved waterway to secure the most beneficial use? Question VII. Will regulating Lake Ontario increase the low-water flow in the St. Lawrence Ship Channel below Montreal? And if so, to what extent and at what additional cost? Question VIII. To what extent will the improvement develop the resources, commerce, and industry of each country? Question IX. What traffic, both incoming and outgoing, in kind and quantity, is likely to be carried upon the proposed route both at its inception and in the future? Consideration to be given not only to present conditions but to prob- able changes therein resulting from the development of industrial activities due to availability of large quantities of hydraulic power. Pending the receipt of plans, estimates, and other engineering data necessary for the final consideration of this reference, the commission is requested to hold such public hearings as may be considered necessary or advisable in order to obtain all information bearing directly or indirectly on the physical, commercial, and economic feasibility of the project as a whole. To facilitate the preparation of the desired report each Government will, from its official engineering personnel, appoint an engineer with full authority to con- fer with a similar officer of the other Government for the purposes: (1) Of acquiring, each in his own country, such data as may be found necessary to supplement the existing engineering data and surveys, and (2) of preparing complete outline plans for and estimates of the cost of the proposed improve- ment, including the value of all property easements, damages, and rights con- nected therewith. These plans and estimates are to be submitted to the com- mission as soon as practicable, but not later than one year from the date of appointment, and the commission is requested to forward to the two Govern- ments its final report with recommendations not later than three months there- after. A Copy of the instructions furnished these engineers is attached hereto. I am, gentlemen, Your obedient servant, ROBERT LANSING. 2076 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. As contemplated in the foregoing reference, engineers were ap- pointed by their respective Governments ith instructions to acquire the necessary data and to prepare outline plans for and estimates of the cost of the proposed improvements, said plans and estimates to be submitted to the commission for its consideration. The engineers appointed for this duty were as follows: For the United States, Col. W. P. Wooten, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, dis- trict engineer, Detroit, Mich. (Lake Survey), district; for the Do- minion of Canada, Mr. W. A. Bowden, chief engineer Department of Railways and Canals, Canada. The assignment of this duty to the engineer for the United States was by letter from the Acting Chief of Engineers, United States Army, under date of January 27, 1920. The engineers for the United States and Canada collaborated in the preparation of outline plans and estimates in accordance with in- structions, and on June 24, 1921, signed their report to the Interna- tional Joint Commission. The required copies of the report and of the drawings prepared by the engineer for the United States were then made and were submitted to the American section of the Inter- national, Joint' Commission on July 2, 1922. Appendix C and the drawings prepared by the engineer for Canada were submitted later. The work of the engineer for the United States included topo- graphic surveys on the American shore from Lbishman Point down- stream to within one-half mile of the upper end of the Massena Power Canal for the location of contours up to and including 250 feet above sea level. OPERATIONS DURING THE FISCAL YEAR. A field party from the Lake Survey office was employed from Sep- tember 7 to October 11, 1922, in securing additional data concerning slopes and discharges in the various channels of the Galop Rapids. Six automatic gauges were installed and operated during the period of field work and 13 staff gauges were read periodically, either singly or in groups, as the work progressed. All gauges were connected by instrumental levels with precise level bench marks on the American shore. Discharge sections were laid out and the volume of flow measured in 10 separate channels. Upon completion of the field work the notes were reduced and curves of slopes and discharges for the several channels have been determined. APPROPRIATION. Funds for the work have been provided by allotment from appro- priation " Examinations, surveys, and contingencies of rivers and harbors." Financial statement. Allotments: Feb. 6, 1920--------------------------------------- ------ $1, 000. 00 Mar. 2, 1920--------------_--------------------------------_ 50, 000. 00 Oct. 27, 1922-------------------- --------------------------- 500. 00 51, 500. 00 PRESERVATION OF NIAGARA FALLS. 2077 Balance unexpended July 1, 1922 --------------------------- $2,390. 19 Allotment Oct. 27, 1922----------------------------- ------- 500. 00 2, 890. 19 Amount expended fiscal year ended June 30, 1923-- -- __- 2, 852. 07 -___ Balance unexpended July 1, 1923_-------- -___-------------- 38. 12 Outstanding liabilities at end of fiscal year--------------------- 38. 12 Balance available PRESERVATION OF NIAGARA FALLS; SUPERVISION OF POWER COM- PANIES DIVERTING WATER FROM NIAGARA RIVER; SUPERVISION, INSPECTION, AND VALUATION OF PROPERTY FOR THE FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION; AND OPERATIONS OF THE BOARD OF CON- TROL TO CONTROL THE OPERATION OF THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER POWER COMPANY'S WORKS IN THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER NEAR MASSENA, N. Y. LAKES DIVISION OFFICE, BUFFALO, N. Y.--July 1-August 28, 1922. BUFFALO DISTRICT OFFICE, BUFFALO, N. Y.-Since August 28, 1922. Division Engineer: Col. J. G. Warren, Corps of Engineers, July 1-September 3, 1922, and Col. Spencer Cosby, Corps of Engineers, since September 4, 1922. District Engineer: Maj. P. S. Reinecke, Corps of Engineers. PRESERVATION OF NIAGARA FALLS. DESCRIPTION. The historical facts pertaining to operations of the War Depart- ment in behalf of the preservation of the scenic grandeur of the falls and rapids of Niagara River have been set forth from time to time in annual reports of the Chief of Engineers either by compre- hensive statement or by reference to pertinent and explanatory docu- ments. This history in brief, including matters of legislation, treaty, investigation, report, licensing and supervision of water diversion for power development, etc., may be followed in substantially com- plete outline and chronological order by reference to the following pages in annual reports of the Chief of Engineers and appendices thereto: Pages 1703-1705, report for 1915; pages 2067-2069, report for 1920; and pages 2104-2105, report for 1921. A more thorough consideration and comprehensive treatment of many of these matters together with recommendations for treaty revision, construction of remedial or compensatory works, and further development of power is given in a War Department report issued in June, 1921, and entitled "Diversion of Water from the Great Lakes and Niagara River." OPERATIONS DURING THE FISCAL YEAR. Records of water-levels above and below the falls were obtained and filed. Records obtained from the Niagara Falls Power Co., furnish water elevations in the gorge of Niagara River at station No. 3. Other records were from two self-registering gauges main- tained by the Lakes Division until August 28, 1922, and thereafter by the district engineer, Buffalo, New York, district, which gauges are designated by the names Conners Island and Chippawa. The 2078 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. locations of these are described on page 2108, Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1921. The Chippawa gauge was put out of commission on March 17, 1923, when its float well was demolished by a jam of ice crowded against it accidentally by a tug of the Hydroelectric Power Commission of Ontario. Since that time water level records have been obtained from the nearby gauge of that commission. The Conners Island gauge was maintained except dur- ing the winter from November 29, 1922, to June 27, 1923. The gauge formerly located at the Suspension Bridge site was established on the lower level at the Black Rock lock, Buffalo, N. Y., on November 20, 1922, and has been maintained since that date. It records water elevations substantially the same as at the Austin Street site where a gauge has at times in previous years been maintained by the United States Lake Survey. FINANCIAL MATTERS. The maintenance of these gauges and accumulation of records is primarily for uses concerning the supervision of diversions of water for power development, and secondarily for uses pertaining to the preservation of Niagara Falls. Accordingly the cost of maintenance has been charged against the former work. SUPERVISION OF POWER COMPANIES DIVERTING WATER FROM NIAGARA RIVER. DESCRIPTION. The supervision of power companies diverting water from Niagara River was commenced by the War Department in 1906, pursuant to an act of Congress, for the purpose of preserving the navigable ca- pacity of the river, its integrity, and proper volume as a boundary stream, and the scenic grandeur of the faIls and rapids. Each an- nual report of the Chief of Engineers since that time has contained a statement of such operations for the preceding fiscal year, and some of them have given additional data and pertinent information based upon special investigations, and pertaining to matters outside the ordinary routine. The first of these reports is on pages 854-855, Chief of Engineers' Report for 1907. Reference is made also to pages 939-.941, report for 1909; pages 1331-1334, report for 1912; pages 1827-1830, report for 1916; pages 1967-1972, report for 1918; pages 2069-2077, report for 1920; pages 2105--2108, report for 1921; and pages 2228-2231, report for 1922. PROJECT. The existing project comprises the supervision and inspection for the War Department of the diversion of water from Niagara River for power development, particularly with respect to the following license and preliminary permit issued by the Federal Power 'Conm- mission: License.-Project No. 16, The Niagara Falls Power Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y., 50-year license, dated March 2, 1921; amended April 7, 1922, and May 11, 1923. Preliminarypermit.---Project No. 15, Hydraulic Race Co., Lockport, N. Y., dated March 2, 1921, to expire March 1, 1922; extended April 1, 1922, to expire September 5, 1922. PRESERVATION OF NIAGARA FALLS. 2079 The project includes also the maintenance of certain water gauges and accumulation of water-level records, as indicated previously herein. OPERATIONS DURING THE FISCAL YEAR. The Niagara Falls kower Co.-Inspections were made once a month or oftener by the division or district engineer, and at least once every week by one of his representatives. The company sub- mitted daily reports of operation in prescribed form showing for each hour of the day the power output of each major portion of: the plant, the number of machines in operation, the quantity of water consumed, and the quantity of water used by tenants, for sluicing ice, or otherwise. As formerly, the amount of water consumed in generating electric energy was determined by computation from switchboard observa- tions of the power output. The reduction factors used in these com- putations have been derived with great care from the results of tests and experiments conducted from time to time during the past 16 years either by employees of the United States or under their imme- diate supervision. The methods used since January, 1920, were approved by the Chief of Engineers January 19, 1920 (E. D. 57243/4236). The average diversion of water from Niagara River during the year by the Niagara Falls Power Co. and tenants was 18,321 cubic feet per second, an increase of 3,104 over the average diversion for the preceding fiscal year, the maximum diversion at any one time being 21,286. The authorized diversion was, average 19,500, and maximum 23,400. Efficiency tests of several of the generating units at the Niagara plant were made in August and September, 1922. This work was performed by the company under the immediate supervision of the division and district engineers and their assistants. The Gibson method of water measurement was used. The increase in efficiency of this plant due to remodeling of units and other improvements, including the elimination of waste, was found to be approximately 5 per cent. Accordingly a new schedule of relationship of electrical output to water consumption was prepared and put into effect, after receiving the approval of the Federal Power Commission, October 31, 1922, and of the Chief of Engineers, November 6, 1922. Further improvements to the generating units at the Hydraulic plant were made during the year. Inasmuch as such improvements were still in progress at the end of the year, and the gain in efficiency was known to be small, no tests were made at this plant. Some of the water diverted for the Hydraulic plant began to be supplied through the new tunnel early in May, 1923. At the end of May the entire supply for the Hydraulic and Pettebone plants was passing through the new tunnel. Cofferdams across both ends of the hydraulic canal were con- structed early in June, 1923, and the canal was unwatered for the first time in 30 years or more. Excavation in the dry of solid rock in the sides and bottom of the canal was in progress at the end of the fiscal year to increase the canal discharge capacity. 2 61637--ENG 19 3 131 2080 REPORT OF CHIEF OF' ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Hydraulic Race Co.-No inspections were made of the water di- verted by this company as it was known to be impossible for it to divert with its present works the 500 cubic feet of water per second allowed in addition to the water required by New York State for the Lockport to Rochester level of the barge canal. Water levels of Niagara River.-The maintenance of self-register- ing water gauges, and securing of records of water surface elevations at various points on the Niagara River in connection with the super- vision of water diversions by the power companies, has been de- scribed heretofore in this report under the heading " Preservation of Niagara Falls." Financialsummary. Allotments from the appropriation "Examinations, surveys, and con- tingencies of rivers and harbors": July 1, 1922, balance unexpended_-- - -- --------- $137. 79 Allotted this fiscal year (War Department appropriation act June 30, 1922) --- ------ --------- ------------------- 2, 800. 00 Amount available for current fiscal year----- 2, 937. 79 Amount expended during fiscal year ended June 30, 1923---------- 2, 165. 69 Balance unexpended at end of fiscal year __-----____________ 772. 10 Outstanding liabilities at end of fiscal year __---__________- -380. 00 Balance available -_---_--------------- _-392. 10 SUPERVISION AND INSPECTION FOR THE FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION. PROJECT. The project pertains to the license (project No. 16) to the Niagara Falls Power Co. and the preliminary permit (project No. 15) to the Hydraulic Race Co., both mentioned previously, and also to the pre- liminary permit (project No. 24) to the Lower Niagara River Power & Water Supply Co., of Lewiston, N. Y., dated March 2, 1921; and extended on February 24, 1923, to expire March 1, 1924. The duties to be performed include supervision and inspection for the Federal Power Commission, of field operations and certain other matters. The most important duties during the past fiscal year have been supervision and inspection of the construction of project works by the Niagara Falls Power Co., and work on the appraisal of this com- pany. OPERATIONS DURING THE FISCAL YEAR. License, Project No. 16.-The Niagara Falls Power Co.: The engineer officer in charge kept in close touch with the development under this license by frequent correspondence with the company, by personal inspections once or twice a month, and by weekly inspections and reports of assistants. Monthly progress reports were submitted to the Chief of Engineers. The permittee made steady progress on the construction of project works as follows: Niagara plant: Improvements under way at the end of the last fiscal year were completed and put into commission. Considerable modern equipment of secondary importance has been installed with a view to reducing the number of operatives required and the cost of station attendance. PRESERVATION OF NIAGARA FALLS. 2081 Hydraulic plant: The tunnel which has been under construction since May 1921, was completed and put in service during May 1923. The tunnel inlet is complete except for removing part of the coffer- dam. The tunnel forebay is finished except for constructing part of the floor and walls of the wasteway leading from the weir to the canal. The forebay gate house is more than half complete, and some of the gates and other machinery have been installed. Of the penstock tunnels, No. 19 is substantially complete except for filling with concrete the space between the steel lining at the lower end, and the rock face of the tunnel; No. 20 has not quite all of the steel lining in place; and No. 21 is finished except that none of the steel lining is in place, and the valve chamber is not excavated. The powerhouse excavation is practically complete, the founda- tion and draft tube concrete is in place for units Nos. 19 and 20, and over half complete for unit No. 21. The steel frame of the building and most of the concrete roof are in place over units Nos. 19 and 20. Installation of machinery has commenced with the assembly of No. 19 Johnson valve in position, and of No. 19 generator on the floor in the middle bay. The Echota substation is complete except for the installation of a portion of the equipment. The Grand Island transmission line was finished and put in service during the year. Cofferdams were constructed across both ends of the hydraulic canal, which was.unwatered in June 1923. Drilling, blasting, and ex- cavating rock in the canal prism was commenced before the close of the fiscal year. The bridges over the canal at Buffalo Avenue, Second Street, and Fourth Street have been removed since the canal was drained, and will be replaced by new bridges before the canal is again filled with water. The installation of a new control and switching system for the alternating current section of station No. 3A was completed toward the end of the fiscal year. The busses, switches, transformers, and disconnectors are located in the forebay building. The new control panels are in the same room as the control panels of station 3B. The alternating current control gallery and control equipment have been removed from station 3A. A large amount of work was done on a new and complete ap- praisal of the properties of the Niagara Falls Power Co. Much of this labor was performed at Niagara Falls, N. Y., by an assistant engineer of the War Department especially assigned to this work by the Chief of Engineers, and by an assistant accountant from the office of the Federal Power Commission at Washington. The prop- erty inventory was completed, unit costs were checked, the items of valuation were checked and studied, and various explanatory memo- randa were prepared. A comprehensive report on the subject was submitted in May, 1923. Preliminary permit No. 15.-The Hydraulic Race Co.: The engi- neer officer in charge kept in touch with the operations of the com- pany. Enlargement of the tunnel on the northerly side of the New York State Barge Canal, commenced during the preceding fiscal year, was carried to completion. Altogether, 6,400 cubic yards of solid rock were excavated, providing an improved cross section 12 feet wide and 16 feet deep below flow level of water drawn from the 2082 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. upper level of the canal. The tunnel is to remain unlined. This improvement has been made to utilize more efficiently the water by- passed from upper to lower level in the interest of navigation, which water the company considers itself entitled to use. The enlarged tunnel is also planned to form a part of the headrace of the develop- ment proposed to be made when license is secured from the Federal Power Commission. The company has completed preliminary plans for the new project, involving conduits leading from the downstream end of the tunnel nearly parallel to the Barge Canal and direct to a power house on the west bank of Eighteenmile Creek. Preliminary permit No. 21.-The Lower Niagara River Power & Water Supply Co.: No field work was performed during the fiscal year. The company is awaiting action on an application for a permit from the New York Water Power Commission. On February 24, 1923, the permit was extended to expire March 1, 1924. FINANCIAL MATTERS. Except for certain operations connected with the appraisal of properties of the Niagara Falls Power Co., the work has been carried on very largely in connection with other duties against which were charged the services of assistants. The salary and expenses of the assistant accountant were paid or attended to by the Federal Power Commission. The salary of the special assistant engineer was paid by the Baltimore district engineer from a special allotment of the War Department for that purpose. Other expenses were paid by the Buffalo district engineer from Federal Power Commission allotment No. 86, as follows: Balance of commission allotment No. 86, allotted to Buffalo district engineer----------------- ----------------------------------- $1, 785. 15 Disbursed during the fiscal year, including payment of $83.56 due at the close of the preceding fiscal year..----------------------------- 658. 02 Balance available at end of fiscal year------------------------1, 127. 13 No outstanding liabilities. OPERATIONS OF THE BOARD OF CONTROL TO CONTROL THE OPERATION OF THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER POWER CO.'S WORKS IN THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER NEAR MASSENA, N. Y. In connection with the supervision of operations under permit (E. D. 38786/65, September 10, 1917) to the St. Lawrence River Power Co., to place a submerged rock weir in the South Sault Channel of the St. Lawrence River, subsequently approved by the International Joint Commission; and in compliance with instruc- tions from the Chief of Engineers, the whole matter of the diversion of water through the Massena power canal was investigated and studied, and a report thereon submitted in November, 1922. Application of the company for permission to continue to main- tain the weir was considered formally in a hearing before the Inter- national Joint Commission at Washington on December 5-6, 1922, the district engineer being represented by two of his assistants. Fol- lowing the hearing a further interim order of the commission was issued extending the permit for the weir, but stipulating among INVESTIGATIONS REGARDING CERTAIN BOUNDARY WATERS. 2083 other things certain new constructions and providing for an inter- national board of engineers, one representing C'anada, and one rep- resenting the United States, to pass upon and control the new and old works involved. By Special Order No. 16, dated February 20, 1923, Maj. Paul S. Reinecke, district engineer at Buffalo, N. Y., was appointed by the Secretary of War as United States member of the Board of Control. The Canadian member is Mr. W. J. Stewart, Ottawa, Canada. On April 20, 1923, the St. Lawrence River Power Co. submitted to the board a report on proposed methods of protecting against flood waters at and near the Massena weir as required by the further interim order of the commission. Considerable time was spent studying and checking the plans and estimates contained in this re- port. On May 29, 1923, the board met at Ogdensburg, N. Y., and, together with several assistants and representatives, spent two days examining local conditions along the St. Lawrence between that place and Cornwall, Ontario. Consideration of this' matter has in- volved considerable study and correspondence, as well as one trip of the district engineer to Washington. At the hearing in Washington before the International Joint Com- mission on December 5-6, 1922, referred to above, a new application of the New York & Ontario Power Co. was presented, dealing with the proposed development of its power project on the Little River, a branch of the St. Lawrence River at Waddington, N. Y. In ac- cordance with instructions from the Chief of Engineers, an investi- gation and study of this matter was made, and a report thereon sub- mitted in January, 1923. INVESTIGATIONS REGARDING CERTAIN BOUNDARY WATERS. A petition was filed in 1920 by the city of Newport and the towns of Darby, Coventry, and Barton, all in ermont, alleging that they had been injured by the raising of the level of Lake Memphremagog through the construction and operation of power plants on the Magog River in Canada, at the outlet of the lake. It was asserted that damage had been done to houses and other property belonging to the municipalities mentioned; to their sewage systems; to riparian owners; and to navigation, on account of the water being raised s)) nearly to the levels of certain bridges that boats could not pass beneath them. Upon the suggestion of the Dominion of Canada it was decided that an engineer should be selected, representing the United States, to confer with an engineer of the Canadian Govern- ment, the two to unite in a joint recommendation to each Govern- ment as to the level or levels at which Lake Memphremagog should, as far as possible, be maintained. A somewhat similar situation arose some time ago at the Lake of the Woods. In this case the matter was first referred to the International Joint Commission, which, after survey, published its report and recommendations in 1917. Subsequently the United States and the Dominion of Canada each selected an engineer, the two to consider the report and recommendations of the International Joint Commission with a view to formulating an agreement based thereon and presenting it to their respective Governments. In 1921 the Department of State requested that an officer be selected from the Corps of Engineers qualified to discuss matters of 2084 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS:, U. S. ARMY, 1923. interest to both the State and the War Departments concerning the revision of the boundary waters treaty of 1909 beween the United States and Great Britain. These duties were under Col. George M. Hoffman, Corps of Engi- neers, until his transfer to other duties. They were then turned over to Maj. G. R. Young, Corps of Engineers, who had charge of them until the end of the fiscal year. Various hearings, discussions, and negotiations relating to those matters were conducted by those officers and were in progress at the end of the fiscal year. BOARD OF ROAD COMMISSIONERS FOR ALASKA. OFFICERS OF THE BOARD. President: Maj. James G. Steese, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, retired. Special disbursing agent: Maj. James G. Steese, Corps of Engi- neers, United States Army, retired, September 23, 1922, to February 28, 1923. Engineer officer: Maj. John C. Gotwals, Corps of Engineers, United States Army. Secretary and disbursing officer: Capt. Aubrey H. Bond, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, to November 25, 1922 (absent, sick, from August 2, 1922), and First Lieut. Pierre A. Agnew, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, March 1, 1923, to date. Military assistant, under the immediate orders of the president of the board: Capt. C. S. Ward, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, to November 14, 1922, and First Lieut. Pierre A. Agnew, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, December 18, 1922, to February 28, 1923. Organizationand duties.-The act of Congress approved January 27, 1905, " To provide for the construction and maintenance of roads * * * in the District of Alaska, and for other purposes '" (33 Stats. 616), and amended by act of May 14, 1906 (34 Stats. 192), prescribes in section 2 as follows: That there shall be a board of road commissioners in said district to be com- posed of an Engineer officer of the United States Army to be detailed and appointed by the Secretary of War, and two other officers of that part of the Army stationed in said district and to be designated by the Secretary of War. The said Engineer officer shall, during the term of his said detail and appoint- ment, abide in said district. The said board shall have the power, and it shall be their duty, upon their own motion or upon petition, to locate, lay out, con- struct, and maintain wagon roads and pack trails from any point on the navi- gable waters of said district to any town, mining or other industrial camp or settlement, or between any such town, camps, or settlements therein, if in their judgment such roads or trails are needed and will be of permanent value for the development of the district, but no such road or trail shall be constructed to any town, camp, or settlement which is wholly transitory or of no substantial value or importance for mining, trade, agricultural, or manufacturing purposes. * * * * * * * The Engineer officer of the board shall in all cases supervise the work of con- struction and see that the same is properly performed. * * * * * * * It shall be the duty of said board, as far as practicable, to keep in proper repair all roads and trails constructed under their supervision, and the same rules as to the manner in which the work of repair shall be done, whether by contract or otherwise, shall govern as in the case of the original construction of the road or trail. BOARD OF ROAD COMMISSIONERS FOR ALASKA. 2085 The board was organized May 15, 1905. War Department orders of February 15, 1913, relative to the work of the board, prescribe that the senior officer on duty, designated as president, shall have general charge of the operations, that the Engineer officer shall supervise the work of construction in the field as provided by law, and that the third officer shall act as disbursing officer of the board. From its organization until December 29, 1917, the board reported direct to the War Department through The Adjutant General. On that date orders were issued by the Secretary of War placing the work under the general supervision of the Chief of Engineers. The act of Congress approved March 3, 1911 (36 Stat. 1052), con- tains the following language: Provided, That hereafter the Secretary of War may, in his discretion, assign suitable retired officers of the Army to active duty as members of the board of road commissioners for Alaska. Offices of the board.-The principal office of the board is at Juneau, Alaska. Suboffices are maintained, when required by active opera- tions, at Valdez, Chitina, Fairbanks, Eagle, Nenana, Anchorage, Seward, Takotna, and Nome, Alaska; Seattle, Wash.; and Washing- ton, D. C. LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION. The work thus far acomplished includes the construction of 1,3231 miles of wagon road, 1,115 miles of sled road, 6,1504 miles of per- manent trail, and 712 miles of temporary flagged trail, a total of 9,3011 miles. The Territory has an area of 590,880 square miles, which is more than twelve times the size of the State of New York, or practically one-fifth the size of the United States proper. At its southern point it is 700 miles from the northwest point of the State of Washington by the usually traveled route. Thence the southeastern Alaska Archipelago and a strip of mainland lying west of the Canadian boundary extend northwesterly for about 520 miles to the major por- tion of the Territory, which lies west of the one hundred and forty- first meridian, and has a dimension of approximately 900 miles north and south and 700 miles east and west, with the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands reaching out from the southwestern portion nearly 2,500 miles toward Siberia. The topography of Alaska varies from rolling to extremely rugged, with very little level area. The seaward slope, as far west as Cook Inlet, is especially rugged and subjected to a very heavy rain and snow fall. The timber along the coast attains a very dense growth but in the interior is only to be found along the stream valleys. Spruce and hemlock form the greatest part of the timber on the coast. Hem- lock is not found in the interior. 0 On the north slope of the Alaska range and on interior river valleys considerable areas are found frozen permanently to bedrock. The climate and topography throughout are such that in the summer time passage overland is difficult. On the seaward slope the heavy rainfall upon the blanket of:decayed vegetation creates a footing almost impassable. In the interior the surface thawing of the bed of frozen gravel makes a widespread and difficult morass. 2086 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. ORIGINAL CONDITION. Prior to the organization of the Board of Road Commissioners for Alaska there were, in the whole of the Territory, less than a dozen miles of what might be called wagon road, with a few hun- dred miles of pioneer trail, mostly constructed by expeditions under the War Department. Travel was largely confined to the open waterways in summer and to their frozen courses or overland in winter. When mining machinery and other supplies were to be transported from the coast or river landing they were, in most cases, hauled over the snow during the winter, with some preliminary clear- ing of the route when necessary. Travel across country in summer, generally speaking, was possible only on foot or with pack horses. It was difficult always, and frequently dangerous, on account of the numerous swift and deep streams, fed by the ice-cold and silt-laden waters of mountain glaciers. PREVIOUS PROJECTS. In the summers of 1885, 1898, and 1899 War Department expedi- tions under Captains Abercrombie and Glenn and Lieutenants Allen and Herron made explorations which collected much valuable data re- garding the country and the best natural routes of travel. For the fiscal year 1901 Congress appropriated $100,000 for roads and bridges in Alaska, to be spent on the route leading from Valdez to Eagle, but this was sufficient only for the construction of a crude pack trail through sections otherwise impassable and the building of some of the most necessary bridges along the route. (Act of May 26, 1000, 31 Stat. 214, and act of June 30, 1902, 32 Stat. 507.) The act of April 23, 1904 (33 Stat. 271), appropriated $25,000 for a survey and estimate for a wagon road along this route. A sup- plemental appropriation of $5,700.63 was made in the act of March 3, 1905 (33 Stat. 1225), for the completion of the work. The survey was made under the direction of the Chief of Engineers prior to the organization of the board. In the same acts an appropriation of $2,500 was made for a survey and estimate for a military trail between the Yukon River and Coldfoot, on the upper Koyukuk River, followed by a supplemental appropriation of $1,431.15 for the completion of this work. This survey was also made under the direction of the Chief of Engineers. The act of April 27, 1904 (33 Stat. 391),' provided for local terri- torial road work and authorized each United States commissioner to appoint a road overseer for his precinct. Road districts were created corresponding to the precincts, such districts not to include incorporated cities and towns. The road commissioner served for one year and received $4 per day for his services, not to exceed 10 days within any one yewq. Revenues were provided by requiring all male persons between the ages of 18 and 50 years, of 30 days or more residence within the Territory, to perform in each year 2 days' work of 8 hours each and furnish implements or to hire substitutes 1 This law remained in effect until Apr. 5 1913, upon which date it was repealed by an act of the Territorial legislature (chap. 3, Aesion Laws 1913). While it was in force a great deal of work on local projects was accompliahed, but no general scheme of construc- tion was devised, nor was there any coordination among the activities of the various road commissioners. In some districts superintendents of the Board of Road Commissioners for Alaska supervised the work, but the board was never charged with authority or responsibility for handling it generally. BOARD OF ROAD COMMISSIONERS FOR ALASKA. 2087 to perform the work or to contribute in cash at the rate of $4 per daThe act approved January 27, 1905, authorizing the organization of the board of road commissioners, committed to the board general power to locate, lay out, construct, and maintain wagon roads and pack trails of permanent value for the development of the Territory. The funds for the work were to be provided by the allotment of a fixed percentage of a revenue known as the Alaska fund, derived from vocational and trade licenses outside of incorporated towns. T 'his fund proved to be so inadequate and uncertain in amount that the matter was taken up by the Secretary of War with Congress. Appropriations in aid of the work were made for the fiscal year 1907, and have since been continued from year to year. The early operations of the board were largely devoted to the construction of the military and post road from Valdez, on the southern coast, to Fairbanks, an interior point about 370 miles to the northward and to the construction of roads and trails connect- ing some of the more important localities in the Territory. With the commercial development of the Territory the roads orig- inally constructed chiefly for military purposes became more and more important for commercial purposes, particularly as they, them- selves, have made possible the, development of commercial activities and industrial enterprises in the regions they traverse. By 1913 sufficient work had been done to warrant consideration of a general program of road and trail development. After a gen- eral study of the situation the board submitted a recommendation that $7,250,000 be appropriated during the next 10 years so as to provide Alaska with a complete road system, such as immediate needs justified and sufficient to meet all reasonable demands until the Territory should be sufficiently developed to take over internal public works as a part of its own government. This recommenda- tion .was to provide for: (a) The maintenance of the existing routes. (b) Completion of the projects already undertaken. (c) Completion of projects already approved but not yet undertaken. (d) Completion of projects likely to arise with the development during the succeeding 10 years. PROJECT OF 1913. Amounts required each year of 10-year period of road and trail development. Projects Projects Mainte- Completion already that would Amount Fiscal year. nance projects approved, arise with Total actually existing already but not develop- appro- roads. undertaken. yet under- ment of the priated. taken. Territory. 1914.................. ....... $125,000 $500,000 $250,000 ............ 875,000 $155,000 1915.......................... 125, 000 250, 000 750,000 $400, 000 1, 525,000 125, 000 1916.................... 125,000 250,000 750,000 350,000 1,475,000 165,000 1917....................... 125,000 100,000 250,000 300,000 775,000 500,000 1918........... ........... .. 125, 000 100, 000 200, 000 250, 000 675, 000 500, 000 1919....................... 125,000 100,000 200,000 200,000 625,000 100,000 1920.......................... 125, 000 30, 000 200, 000 150, 000 505, 000 100, 000 1921........................... 125, 000 30, 000 60, 000 100, 000 315, 000 350, 000 1922 ................. ........ 125,000 30,000 60,000 50,000 265, 000 1425, 000 1923............... ...... 125, 000 30, 000 60,000..215, 000 1465, 000 Total .................. 1, 250, 000 1,420,000 2,780, 000 1, 800, 000 7,250,000 2, 885, 000 1Appropriated under project of 1920, described under "Existing project" below. 2088 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. At the close of the fiscal year ended June 30, 1920, seven years of the ten-year period had elapsed and the average appropriations had actually been less than one-half of the $725,000 per year recommended and less than 30 per cent of the total recommended for the first seven years. For the two years immediately preceding the war $500,000 was appropriated each year (Army acts of 1916 and 1917), the program was well launched, and the act of July 9, 1918, definitely authorized the Secretary of War to submit estimates hereafter for the proper prosecution of this work. For the two war years, how- ever, the appropriations, including the allotments from the Alaska fund, were only about one-fourth of the average amount recom- mended. The high prices and wages during the war years greatly curtailed the work and affected construction and maintenance of Alaskan roads almost as seriously as the meager funds available. In addition, Alaska received a very severe economic setback during the war and was prevented by Government interdiction from de- veloping its internal resources to the extent contemplated in 1913. As a result, large sections of the old system were not even kept in repair and some sections became impassable. During the fiscal year 1920 expenditures were made for repair and maintenance upon less than one-half of the total mileage. For more extended information concerning the operations under previous projects see the annual reports of the Board of Road Com- missioners for Alaska for 1909, 1913, and 1917, and the Annual Re- ports of the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, for 1918, 1920, and 1921. EXISTING PROJECT. A new program of operations, prepared by the board of road com- missioners in cooperation with the Governor of Alaska, the Terri- torial Road Commission and other interested Federal and Territorial officials, was submitted in the annual report of the board for 1920. It proposes three classes of work: First, the construction of about 700 miles of arterial or feeder highways, mainly following old routes (estimated cost, $7,000,000) ; second, the construction of de- velopment roads to be constructed from time to time on locations left for future determination (estimated cost, $1,000,000) ; third, the maintenance of existing road and trail system (estimated cost for the 10-year period, $2,000,000). Total estimated cost, $10,000,000. The proposed annual appropriations and the amounts annually appro. priated to date are shown in the following table: 1920 PROGRAM. Anounts required each year of the 10-year period of road and trail development. Amount Fiscal year. Working Amount actually season. estimated. appro- priated. First (1922)..... ................ ........... . ................. 1921 $955,000 $425,000 Second (1923)... .. ......................................... 1922 1,200,000 465, 000 Third (1924)........... .........- ..................-........... 1923 1,500,000 650,000 Fourth (1925) ............ .. ........ ........................ 1924 1, 600,000 .... Fifth (1926)..........1...... .... 9....2.5....................... 1925 1,400,000 .. Total for first 5 years...... .......................... ........... 6,655,000 .... BOARD OF ROAD COMMISSIONERS FOR ALASKA. 2089 Amounts required each year of the l0-year period of road and trail develop- ment-Continued. Amount Fiscal year. Vorking Amount actually season. estimated. appro- priated. Sixth (1927) .. ...... ...... ..................................... 1926 $1,045,000 ... Seventh (1928) ................ .......... .................... 1927 750,000 .. Eighth (1929)................................................. 1928 600,000 ......... Ninth (1930) .................................................. ..... .... 1929 500,000 .... Tenth (1931)...................................... ..................... 1930 450,000 ......... Total for second 5 years...................... . ..... .............. 3,345,000 .. Total for 10 years..................... ... ...... .. .......... 10,000,000 .......... General indorsement of this program has been given by Federal interests as follows: The Alaska advisory committee, consisting of representatives of the Department of the Interior, the Department of Agriculture, the Post Office Department, and the United States Shipping Board re- ported that "the construction of wagon roads and trails is one of the most important and urgent needs of Alaska" and recommended " an appropriation of at least $1,000,000 annually until the completion of an adequate road system in Alaska." In May, 1921, the Inter-Departmental Alaska Board, consisting of representatives of each of the Federal executive departments, recom- mended: "That approval be given the general program of road con- struction submitted by the Alaska Road Commission in its Annual Report for 1920, and that definite adoption of the proposed program be urged before Congress, with a view of providing feeders to the Government railway as well as for the general development of the Territory." The original plan of providing the money necessary for carrying on the work of the board is found in the act of January 27, 1905, which authorized the expenditure for the construction and mainte- nance of wagon roads, bridges, and trails in said district of 70 per cent, reduced by act of March 3, 1913, to 65 per cent, of what is known as the Alaska fund, derived from vocational and trade licenses outside of incorporated towns. This fund proved to be so inadequate and uncertain in amount that special appropriations in aid of the work were made for the fiscal year 1907, and appropriations have since been made from year to year. Prior to 1919 the appropriations were available only for the fiscal year specified in the appropriation act. The construction season is very short, however, distances are great and communication is diffi- cult. Supplies must therefore be purchased in advance and in many cases freighted in over the snow during the winter. Work can not be economically started after July 1 nor stopped and then started up again. These conditions necessitate making preparations for the operations of the season some time previous to the beginning of the fiscal year. The appropriation act of July 11, 1919, and the appro- priations made since that date, have therefore included a provision that the funds shall be immediately available. Delay of the work on account of the lack of funds has also been occasioned, however, by the fact that appropriation bills were not passed until near or after the beginning of the fiscal year. To guard against such possibility 2090 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. for the season of 1922 House Joint Resolution 282, approved April 6, 1922, provides as follows: The Secretary of War is authorized to direct the Board of Road Commis- sioners for Alaska to incur obligations prior to July 1, 1922, for the construc- tion and maintenance of roads, bridges, trails in Alaska of not to exceed 50 per cent of the appropriation for this purpose for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1922, payment of these obligations to be made from the appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1923. Upon June 30, 1922, the date the appropriation for the current fiscal year became available, obligations amounting to $17,146.76 had been incurred under the provisions of the above joint resolution. A similar provision for the season of 1923 was made by a para- graph, as follows, in the appropriation act approved June 30, 1922: Provided, That if an appropriation for this purpose for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1924, shall not have been made prior to March 1, 1923, the Secretary of War may authorize the board of road commissioners to incur obligations for this purpose of not to exceed 75 per centum of the appropriation for this pur- pose for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1923, payment of these obligations to be made from the appropriation for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1924. The appropriation for the fiscal year 1924 was made in the act approved March 2, 1923, which carries similar language for the working season of 1924. Though an item in aid of this work has been included each year in the appropriation bill for the support of the Army, the item was subject to a point of order prior to July 9, 1918, and was several times seriously endangered. In 1918 the Secretary of War finally announced he would submit no further estimates for the continuation of this work unless specifically authorized to do so. As a result the act of July 9, 1918 (40 Stat. 863) contains the following language: Provided, That hereafter, so long as the construction and maintenance of "military and post roads" in Alaska, and of other roads, bridges, and trails in that Territory, shall remain under the direction of the Secretary of War, he be authorized to submit such estimates for the consideration of Congress as are, in his judgment, necessary for the proper prosecution of the work. Since that date, therefore, the Secretary of War has been defi- nitely charged with responsibility for the submission of estimates for the construction and maintenance not only of " military and post" roads in Alaska, but of "other roads, bridges, and trails " as well. The act approved June 30, 1922, making appropriations for the activities of the War Department transferred the item to Title II, Nonmilitary Activities. The work will therefore no longer be a charge against the support of the Army. The special acts of Congress authorizing and defining the scope of the work and the duties of the board and authorizing the submittal of estimates to Congress are as follows: Act approved January 27, 1905 (33 Stat. 616). Act approved May 14, 1906 (34 Stat. 192). Act approved March 3, 1911 (36 Stat. 1052). Act approved March 3, 1913 (37 Stat. 728). Act approved July 9, 1918 (40 Stat. 843). Act approved June 30, 1921. H. J. Res. approved April 6, 1922. Act approved June 30, 1922. Act approved March 2, 1923. For latest published maps see map following page 54, Part II, of the annual report of the Alaska Road Commission fiscal year 1921, BOARD OF ROAD COMMIISSIONERS FOR ALASKA. 2091 and also a wall map of Alaska published by the board of road com- missioners, 1923. RECOMMENDED MODIFICATIONS OF PROJECT. None. REFERENCES TO PUBLISHED ARTICLES NOT PREVIOUSLY REPORTED. " Road construction under the Alaska Commission," by Col. James G. Steese, The Highway Magazine, January, 1923, pages 11-12, illustrated; "Across Alaska by Automobile," by Col. James G. Steese, F. R. G. S., American Motorist, March, 1993, pages 12, 13, and 24, illustrated; " Recent Developments in Alaska," by Maj. John C. Got- wals, The Tech. Engineering News, April, 1923 pages 13 and 24, illustrated; " The Alaska Road Commission," by Col. James G. Steese, The Michigan Technic, March, 1923, pages 11-14, illustrated. LOCAL COOPERATION. The Federal funds disbursed are obtained from an annual appro- priation, " Construction and maintenance of military and post roads, bridges, and trails, Alaska," and from receipts from the Alaska fund by act of Congress approved January 27, 1905, and amended by act approved May 14, 1906. About 40 per cent of the total cost of, the road and trail system has been paid from the Alaska fund which is derived from Federal trade and occupational taxes collected out- side of incorporated towns in Alaska. As an indication of the close harmony and cooperation existing be- tween this board and the Territory of Alaska, the following resume of the Session Laws of Alaska is given: [Act of Apr. 21, 1919: To provide for the construction, maintenance, and protection of public roads, bridges, trails, and ferries and property pertaining to public roads in the Territory of Alaska, etc.] * * * * * * * SEC. 2. The Territorial board of road commissioners shall have authority to enter into cooperative agreements with the Federal Board of Road Commis- sioners for Alaska, * * * for the construction, repair, and maintenance of any public road, bridge, or ferry, within the Territory of Alaska. In the case of cooperative work, the Territorial treasurer is authorized to deposit in the United States Treasury the funds agreed upon to cover the share of the Ter- ritorial road commission in such cooperative projects as are entered into, in accordance with the provisions of this act. Such funds shall be expended by the disbursing officer of the Federal authority designated in the cooperative agreement, and a detailed statement of expenditures from such funds so de- posited, shall, upon the completion of the project for which they were deposited, be furnished to the Territorial treasurer. * * * * * * * SEC. 7. It shall be the duty of the divisional road commission to meet at a specified time and recommend the apportionment of road funds to the credit of the aforesaid division, so that such funds will not conflict with the appor- tionment allotted by the Federal Board of Road Commissioners for Alaska. * * * * * * * SEC. 17. On and after March 1, 1921, in each Territorial road division there shall be a divisional road commission consisting of three members, two of whom shall be elected as provided by law, and one shall be appointed by the Territorial board of road commissioners for a term of two years, or until his successor be appointed and qualified, who shall serve without pay or emolu- 2092 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. ment. The appointed member shall be chairman and secretary of the com- mission; receive and account for all funds and property turned over to him as provided by law. He shall be a competent civil engineer, qualified by training and practical experience in highway engineering, * * * The above act immediately released cooperative funds of the De- partment of Agriculture which had been accumulating for several years. Until July 1, 1920, Maj. Wm. H. Waugh, Engineers, United States Army, a former engineer of the Bureau of Public Roads and up to that date a member of the Board of Road Commissioners for Alaska, served also as the representative of the Department of Agri- culture on all work in Alaska coming under the provision of the Federal aid road acts. Since July 1, 1920, the Department of Agriculture has maintained a separate organization to handle its work. All of the projects upon which it is working in cooperation with the Territory are former projects of this board. The funds available in the Territory for expenditure by the Department of Agriculture are only avail- able for use within the Tongass and Chugach Forest Reserves. The funds of this board formerly absorbed in these projects are thereby available for use in other parts of the Territory. While the Territorial funds are not usually applicable to military road systems, and the Department of Agriculture funds are limited to projects within, or partly within, the national forests, all road work in the Territory of Alaska is coordinated by informal agree- ment among the three agencies having funds available. The methods of this board, worked out through long years of successful experi- ence and applied to as great an extent as was possible under the agreements drawn up, have greatly aided the Department of Agri- culture and the Territorial road commission in the prosecution of this work. Under the Territorial cooperative road law, above quoted, the board expended during the fiscal years 1920 and 1921 a total of $198,796.54, out of an available Territorial appropriation for the biennium of $375,000. The balance was allotted in part to the De- partment of Agriculture to release cooperative funds available for expenditure within the national forests and in part to local sub- projects handled by Territorial agencies. The funds allotted to this board were deposited by the Territorial treasurer in the Treas- ury of the United States to the credit of the board and then ex- pended as required by the disbursing officer of the board under the same safeguards as purely Federal funds. The Treasury Department having taken the view that such ex- penditures can not be properly made by the board without specific authority of Congress, the following proviso was included in the act of Congress approved June 30, 1921: Provided, That the Secretary of War is hereby authorized to receive from the Territory of Alaska, or other source, such funds as may be contributed by thefn to be expended in connection with funds appropriated by the United States for any authorized work of construction, repair, and maintenance of roads, bridges, trails, and related works in the Territory of Alaska, and to cause such funds to be deposited to the credit of the Treasurer of the United States, and to expend the same in accordance with the purpose for which they were contributed. Under the provisions of section 17 of the Territorial road law of April 21, 1919, Mr. Anton Eide, district superintendent of the board BOARD OF ROAD COMMISSIONERS FOR ALASKA. 2093 for southwestern Alaska, has acted as chairman and secretary of the Territorial divisional road commission for the third division since May 14, 1921. Similarly, Mr. Abe McKinnon, assistant superin- tendent of the board of the Yukon district, has acted as chairman and secretary of the divisional road commission for the fourth divi- sion since the same date. [Act of May 7, 1921: To make appropriations for the expenses of the Territory of Alaska (from Apr. 1, 1921, to Mar. 31, 1923).] SECTION 1. * * For roads: For the construction, etc--__________________ _______- $240, 000 For shelter cabins: For erection, etc__-______________----- ---- __________- 10, 000 Act of May 5, 1921: Providing for the construction of a bridge across the Nizina River, in the Nizina mining district, McCarthy recording precinct, at or near Young Creek (or at any point connecting with the road now being constructed by the Board of Road Commissioners for Alaska from the town of McCarthy to Nizina River), in the third judicial division of the Territory of Alaska ; providing for cooperation between the Ter- ritorial board of road commissioners and the Board of Roaf Commissioners for Alaska in the construction of said bridge, and making an appropriation therefor. Be it enacted by the Legislature of the Territory of Alaska : SECTION 1. There is hereby appropriated from any moneys in the Territorial treasury, not otherwise appropriated, the sum of $25,000 for the construction of a bridge across the Nizina River, in the Nizina mining district, McCarthy recording precinct, at or near Young Creek (or at any point connecting with the road now being constructed by the Board of Road Commissioners for Alaska from the town of McCarthy to Nizina River), in the third judicial division of the Territory of Alaska. SEC. 2. The Territorial board of road commissioners shall have authority, and it shall be its duty to enter into a cooperative agreement with the Board of Road Commissioners for Alaska, for the construction of said bridge; and in case cooperative work is performed the Territorial treasurer is authorized to deposit in the United States Treasury the amount of $25,000 hereby appropriated to cover the share of the Territory of Alaska in the cooperative project of con- structing said bridge: Provided. That an equal amount is expended in the con- struction of said bridge by the Federal Government acting through the Board of Road Commissioners for Alaska. The amount hereby appropriated shall be expended by the disbursing officer of the Board, of Road Commissioners for Alaska. Of the foregoing appropriations the board expended during the last fiscal year $69,705.29 upon cooperative road and trail projects, $2,700 for shelter cabins, and $5,000 for preliminary work on the Nizina Bridge project. It also supervised the expenditure of $7,812.19 by the chairman of the Territorial road commission for the third divi- sion and $21,365 by the chairman of the Territorial road commission for the fourth division. The balance of the $120,000 available for the first year of the biennium was applied to cooperative agreements with the Secretary of Agriculture as heretofore. No Territorial road organization was maintained after March 31, 1921. On November 14, 1921, the governor of the Territory, with the approval of the Terri- torial board of road commissioners, of which he is chairman, ap- pointed the president of the Federal Board of Road Commissioners for Alaska as the consulting engineer for the Territory and placed him in charge of all public works supported by appropriations made by the Territorial legislature. During the current fiscal year the board expended $92,533.33 upon cooperative road and trail projects, $7,300 for shelter cabins. and $20,000 on the Nizina Bridge project. It also supervised the expenditure of $10,855.72 by the chairman of the Territorial road commission for the third division, and $15,717.11 by the chairman of 2094 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. the territorial road commission for the fourth division. The balance of the $120,000 of road funds and $8,579.40 of forest revenues avail- able for the second year of the biennium was applied to coopera- tive agreements with the Secretary of Agriculture as heretofore. For the working season of 1923 the territorial board has allotted to the Department of Agriculture $18,000 and to the Federal board the following amounts: Cooperative projects -- ---------------------------------- $75, 000 Shelter cabins----------------------------------------- 7, 500 Total ------------- ------------------------------ 82, 500 Chairman third division_--- ----------- __ -____-_ 15, 000 Chairman fourth division__-----_____----______-------- 20, 000 Grand total ------------ ---------------------------- 117, 500 These funds are held subject to the call of the Federal board. The divisional funds are disbursed through local banks, but all vouchers are audited by the Federal board under the same re- strictions that apply to Federal vouchers before being certified to the Territorial treasurer for payment. The city of Juneau contributed $777.71 in reimbursement of serv- ices in connection with improvement of the city streets. The city of Valdez contributed $601.83, the cost of seasonal repairs to the Valdez Dike built by this board in 1913. [Act of May 5, 1921: Providing for the purchase of the Seward Peninsula Railroad for operation as a public tram and highway.] Be it enacted by the legislature of the Territory of Alaska: SECTION 1. That the Federal Board of Road Commissioners for Alaska, with the consent and approval of the Territorial board of road commissioners, are hereby authorized and empowered to purchase in the name of and for and in behalf of the Territory of Alaska, the Seward Peninsula Railroad extending from the city of Nome, Alaska, to Shelton, Alaska, a distance of approximately 86 miles, together with the roadbed, rails, switches, spurs, lateral and other side lines, stations, roundhouses, and rights of way, and all realty owned or used by and in connection with the operation of said road; and all or any part of the equipment of said road which in their judgment is deemed advisable to purchase, including locomotives, freight and passenger cars, and other cars of all and every kind, and tools of every nature and kind pertaining or appurte- nant to said railroad, at the lowest possible price for which said railroad and equipment may be obtained: Provided, however, That such purchase shall not be made for a greater sum than $30,000, nor unless agreement shall have been entered into by the said Federal Board of Road Commissioners and the said Territorial board of road commissioners to the effect that said Federal Board of Road Commissioners shall, from funds appropriated or assigned to it, place the said railroad, roadbed, and track in good condition for transportation of passen- gers and freight and operation as a public tram and highway: And provided further, That a full statement and inventory of the property, if purchased, so acquired shall be filed with the secretary of the Territory. SEC. 2. That, when purchased, the railroad shall be, until otherwise provided for by law, under the management, control, operation, and regulation of the Federal Board of Road Commissioners, who shall, from funds appropriated or assigned to it for that purpose, repair, keep in condition, extend, and maintain said road, under such rules and regulations as they may promulgate, as a public highway. SEC. 3. For the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this act there is hereby appropriated from the general funds of the Territory, not otherwise appropriated, the sum of $30,000 or so much thereof as may be necessary to purchase said railroad. BOARD OF ROAD COM)MISSIONERS FOR ALASKA. 2095 In accordance with the provisions of theact aboves quoted the board had a physical, valuation of the property made in connection with its examination of the entire transportation situation in the Seward Peninsula, required by act of Congress approved June 30, 1921. Upon the recommendation of the board, the purchase was finally negotiated October 3, 1922, for $24,000, title passing to the Territory as of December 29, 1921. The board assumed control of the property on October 4,, 1922, and its rehabilitation for public use with cars using gas or dogs as motive power wad begun.. EFFECT OF IMPROVEMENT. The roads and trails constructed by the board have not only opened up to development nearly all sections of the Territory but have effected large savings in freight charges. Data collected by the board since 1911 indicate that the annual saving in cost of transporta- tion of freight due to the construction of roads by the board is in excess of $2,000,000. It is doubtful, however, if anything like that amount of freight would have been transported without the road's, and the indirect loss which would have been occasioned by the re- striction on output and development if the' roads did not exist can not be estimated. The use of automobiles is increasing rapidly. Approximately 90 per cent of the traffic on the main wagon roads is handled by motor, which has greatly increased the cost of road maintenance. The use of tractors for drawing freight, particularly on the sled roads of the interior, is a valuable new development. OPERATIONS AND RESULTS DURING FISCAL YEAR. The work in the last fiscal year was largely directed to extending the general rehabilitation carried out recently to trails and roads in remote portions of the Territory. This gradual rehabilitation start- ing upon the more important projects has now reached trails extend- ing to all parts of the Territory. The important Richardson Road which was reopened in 1921 was maintained open during the entire season. Projects upon which new construction was carried out were prosecuted through the season. Construction work progressed well during 1922 in spite of a phe- nomenally wet summer. The more important roads upon which new construction was per- formed were the Haines-Pleasant Camp, Ophir-Takotna, Cache Creek, Roosevelt-Kantishna, Circle-Chatanika and Long-Poorman. During the winter season of 1922-23 an extensive amount of bridge construction was performed. Bridges constructed during this period included the Ganes Creek Bridge in the Innoko, Solatna Bridge near Poorman, Chatanika River Bridge, Chulitna Bridge and the initia- tion of the very important Nizina River Bridge. A very important addition to the duties and responsibilities of this board was made by the purchase of the Nome-Shelton tramway. This tramway was purchased by the Territory of Alaska and the duty of maintaining it has developed upon this board. 61637-ENG 1923--132 2096 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. The total expenditures during the fiscal year amounted to $740,- 082.49,, of which $314,195.39 was for construction and $425,887.10 was for maintenance. CONDITION AT END OF FISCAL YEAR. The work of maintenance and rehabilitation has been pushed and the roads and trails under the jurisdiction of the board are in better shape than ever before. The total mileage of roads and trails con- structed or maintained by the board aggregate 9,301 miles, con- sisting of 1,3231 miles of wagon road, 1,115 miles of sled road, 6,1501 miles of permanent trail, and 712 miles of temporary flagged trail. Work was performed on 5,9871 miles of the system during the fiscal year. The Valdez-Chitina-Fairbanks Road has been reopened for traffic over its entire length. The surfacing of this road with gravel is progressing rapidly with two power shovels, tractors and trailers. The total expenditures to the end of the fiscal year June 30, 1923, amounted to $7,028,293.66 not including , outstanding liabilities or contributed funds, of which $4,113,508.01 was expended for new work and $2,914,785.65 for maintenance. PROPOSED OPERATIONS. In accordance with the 10-year program described under " Existing project," an amount of $1,500,000 was required for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1924, to prosecute the work. Only $650,000 was provided by the act of March 2, 1923. These funds will be expended on rehabilitation of the existing system. Little can be done to meet the pressing need for improvement and extensions of the system, especially in providing urgently needed feeders to the Government Railroad, now completed, without much greater annual appropria- tions. The annual maintenance of the system after completion, as nearly as can be estimated at this time, will cost about $450,000. AMOUNT WHICH CAN BE PROFITABLY EXPENDED DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1925. An appropriation of $1,600,000 to be distributed approximately as follows, can be profitably expended on this work during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: * 1. Ropair 2. Im- 3. New Name of route. Mileage. mainte- prove- construe- Total Average nae. nance. ment. tion. per mile. Southeastern Alaska: Haines-Pleasant Camp................ 43 $11,500 $20,000 $33, 000 ...... . $64,500 ,000 $1,500 250 Porcupine extension.... ....... .. 20 5, 000 ........... Douglas-Gastineau Channel........... 2 1,000 ....... 1,000 500 Haines-Mud Bay....10 2,500 2 500 250 Strawberry Point .... ......... 1 500 1,000 4,500 6,000 4,000 Tota :..I ........... ................ 761 20, 500 21, 000 j: 37,500 79,000 1, i,033 BOARD OF ROAD COMMISSIONERS FOR ALASKA. 2097 Eagle subdistrict: Eagle Fortymile...................... 47 $10,000 $30,000 10,000 $50, 000 $1,064 Eagle-Seventymile .................... 20 2,000 5,000 7,000 350 Steel Creek-Chicken............. 181 3,700 3,700 200 Canyon Creek-Walkers Fork........... 10 2,500 2,500 250 Eagle-Circle........................... 190 1,900 1,900 10 Tanana Crossing-Chicken .............. 102 1,400 1, 400 14 Fourth of July-Nation ................ 10 2,500 2,500 250 Total........ ....................... 3974 24,000 30,000 15,000 69,000 174 Valdez district: Valdez-Willow Creek.................. 92 46,000 ................. 46, 000 500 Chitina-Willow Creek ................. 39 19,500 .... ... 19, 500 500 Willow Creek Rapids............ .... 1391 69,750 ........... 69,750 50 Valdez-Mineral Creek............. 104 2,550 .. 5,000 7,550 719 Chisana-Nizina..................... 78 7, 800 7, 800 100 McCarthy-Nizina.................... 16 8,000 10, 000 20,000 38, 000 2,375 Strelna-Kuskulana................ 16 4,000 3, 000 ..- 7, 000 438 Gulkana-Tanana Crossing ........ 180 1,800 10, 000 20, 000 31,800 177 Chistochina-Slate Creek............ 40 4,000 .......... 4,000 100 Total................................ 611 163,400 23, 000 45,000 231, 400 380 Southwestern Alaska: Nancy-Rainy Pass (Government rail- road).............................. 152 ' 2000 ................ 2,000 13 Knik-Willow Creek (Government rail- road)................ ........ 53 26, 500 7, 400 10, 000 43, 900 828 Alaska Peninsula............... 40 10, 000 10, 000 10,000 30, 000 750 Talkeetna-Cache Creek (Government railroad)........................ 40 10,000 .......... 80,000 90,000 2,250 Talkeetna-Iron Creek (Government railroad) ..................... 47 3,000.................... 3,000 65 Anchorage-Eagle River (Government railroad)................... 10 5,000 .......... 5,000 10, 000 1,000 Matanuska Valley (Government rail- road)......................... 36 18,000 .. ........ 18,000 500 Anchorage Loop (Government rail- road) ......................... 15 7, 500 ............. 7, 500 500 Total ................................ 393 82,000 17,400 105,000 204,400 520 Fairbanks district: Fairbanks-Rapids (Government rail- road)............................. 130 62,250.......... ........ 2,250 479 Fairbanks-Chatanika (Government railroad) .................... 30 15,000 . .......... 15,000 500 Summit-Fairbanks Creek (Gove n- ment railroad)................ 11 5,500 ... ........... .5,500 500 Fairbanks-Ester Creek (Government railroad).. ....................... 13 6,500 .................. 6,500 500 Fairbanks-Chena Hot Springs (Gov- ernment railroad) ........ ..... 64 6,400 10,000 .......... 16,400 256 Chatanika-Circle (Government rail- road).............................. 130 20,000 65,800 20,000 105,800 814 Chatanika-Beaver (Gov't R. R.)...... 120 12,000 ................... 12,000 100 Olnes-Livengood (Gov't R. R.)....... 54 5,400 .......... ....... 5,400 100 Beaver-Caro.......................... 75 7, 500 .. ........ 7,500 100 Winter trails ......................... 165 4,650 .................... 4,650 28 Total........................ 7924 145,.200 75,800 20,000 241,000 300 Nenana district: Dunbar-Fort Gibbon (Government railroad)......................... 121 12,100 ................... 12,100 100 Dunbar-Brooks (Government railroad) 63 6, 300 ........ .......... 6, 300 100 Rampart-Eureka................ 27. 13,750 20,000 ... 33,750 123 Hot Springs Landing-Eureka........ 24 12,000 .500 Hot Springs-Sullivan Creek............ 9 4,500 ................... 4,500 500 Roosevelt-Kantishna... ......... 34 17,000 ......... ....... 17,000 500 Government railroad-Kantishna (Gov- ernment railroad).... 85 8, 500 20,000 80,000 108, 500 1, 276 . Coldfoot-Wiseman ............... 1 1, 100 .............. 1 100 100 Brooks-Terminal.............. 13 4, 000 10, 000 10, 000 24, 000 1, 846 Moose Creek (Government railroad).... 6 3,000 ........ .. 3,000 500 Carlsons-Valdez Creek (Government railroad). ................ ...... 55 5,500 10,000 10,000 25,500 464 Winter trails......... .......... 716 7,150 ........ ...... 7,150 10 Total.............. .............. 1,1641 94,900 60,000 100,000 254,900 219 2098 EEPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS,,U. S. ARMY, 1923. 1. Repair 2. Im- 3. New Name of route. Mileage. main prove- construe- Total pverage nance. ment. tion. per mile. Kuskokwim district: Ruby-Poorman ....................... 59 $29, 500 $10, 000 $30, 000 $69, 500 81, 178 Ophir-Takotna................ ... 234 11,750 10, 000 10,000 31, 750 1,351 Takotna Forks .................. ... 11 2,200 10,000 9, 000 21, 200 1, 927 Berrys Landing-Nixon Forks ......... 12 6, 000 3,000- .. 9, 000 750 Iditarod-Flat-...................... 8 4,000 ........ ........... 4,000 500 Summit-Otter Creek ......... 6 3,00.................... 3,000 500 Poorman-Ophir (summer) ............ 125 1,250 .. ..... .... 1, 250 10 Takotna-Flat .................... .... 80 800 . .800 25 Flat-Crooked Creek (summer) ......... 65 650 1,000 .......... 1, 650 10 Kalchagmut-Russian Mission....-.... 119 1,200 .................... 1, 200 11 Winter trails ...................... 1,383 13,850 15,000 .......... 28,850 21 Total .............................. 1,8911 74,200 49,000 49,000 172,200 91 - I 1-~---- I----- ----- Nome district: Nome-Council.................. 82 21,000 ................... 21,000 256 Candle-Candle Creek................. 6 3,000 ................. 3,000 500 Deering-Immachuck............. 25 7,500 ................ 7,500 300 Davidsons Landing-Taylor ........ ... 40 15, 000 ................... 15000 375 Marshall Road ...................... 3 1,500 .. 000 3,500 1,000 Nome-Dahl...................... 99 29,000 .......... 150,000 179, 000 1,808 Dahl-mmachuck .................... 65 .... 100, 000 100, 000 1, 538 Winter Trails ................ ...... 1,959 19, 600 ........ ......... 19,600 10 Total................. ......... 2,279 96,600 1,500 250,000 348,100 153 SUMMARY. Southeastern Alaska................ 76J 20, 500 21, 000 37, 500 79, 000 1,033 Eagle subdistrict ........................ 3974 24, 000 30,000 15,000 69, 000 174 Valdez district ......................... 611 163, 400 23,000 45,000 231, 400 380 Southwestern Alaska- ................. 393 82,000 17, 4(X) 105,000 204,400 520 Fairbanks district..................... 792k 145,200 75, 800 20, 000 241,000 300 Nenana district ...................... 1, 164k 94, 900 60,000 100,000 254,900 219 Kuskowkim district ..................... 1, 891 74, 200 49000 49,000 172, 200 91 Nome district ........................ 2, 279 96, 600 1,500 250,000 348,100 153 Total...................................... 7,605k 700,800 277,700 621,500 1,600,000 210 COMMERCIAL STATISTICS. Total commerce of Alaska for the calendar year of 1922. IMPORTS. Merchandise from the United States--------------------------- $26, 777, 806 Merchandise from foreign ports --------------------------------- 870, 927 Total imports----------------------------------------- 27, 648, 733 EXPORTS. Merchandise to the United States------------------------------ 51, 082, 995 Merchandise and gold and silver to foreign ports ----------------- 1,371,490 Domestic gold and silver to the United States-_____ ________---7, 431, 875 Foreign gold, etc--------------------- -------------------------- 1,190 Total exports------------------------------------------ 59, 887, 550 Grand total, exports and imports__. __--------------.-- 87, 536, 283 The value of Alaska's mineral output in 1922 was approximately $19,506,365, as compared with $17,004,124 in 1921. Minerals are being produced in the following order of value: Copper, gold, silver, coal, gypsum, marble, lead, petroleum, palladium, and platinum. The high prices, now happily over their peak, were an obstacle in the continued working and the further development of the great placer deposits in Alaska. Lode mining of gold has continued in BOARD OF ROAD COMMISSIONERS FOR ALASKA. 2099 southeastern Alaska, but under the same handicap. With decreased prices and the return of miners to Alaska, lode mining is to be expected in the interior. One lode mine in the Kuskokwim at Nixon Forks has made substantial progress during the past year. The deposits of the Kantishna are exciting interest and with the com- pletion of the Government Railroad development can be looked for. The copper mining industry has revived during the last year due to increased price for copper. The mining and development of coal has gone on with more or less vigor through the last year. One large property has been opened near Healy and is accessible to the Govern- ment Railrdad by means of a four mile standard gauge spur. The properties formerly operated at Eska and Jonesville have continued in operation through the season. In addition, two properties on Moose Creek in the Matanuska District came into production this season and following the very excellent progress made there a spur is being constructed from the Government Railroad to these proper- ties during the present season. The production of oil continues in the Katalla fields. The very important drilling now going on at Cold Bay is expected to lead to very important results in oil pro- duction in the Territory. With increased transportation and lower and stabilized prices production in all classes of mining shows a substantial increase. The fisheries are principally located on the shores of the North Pacific and Bristol Bay. The production of canned salmon is the principal product. However, large quantities of halibut, cod, herring, and whaling products are also exported. With more stabilized economic conditions at home and abroad all classes of canned salmon are finding a substantial market. INVESTIGATION AND REPORT REQUIRED BY THE ACT OF CONGRESS APPROVED JUNE 30, 1921. In compliance with the following proviso contained in the act of Congress approved June 30, 1921: Provided further, That not to exceed $10,000 of the foregoing amount shall be expended for a preliminary investigation and report on the feasibility, de- sirability, and cost of the best and most practicable connection between the Nome-Shelton system of communications and the coal deposits of the Kugruk River, Chicago Creek, and the Keewalik mining district, whether by wagon road, sled road, tramway, trail, or other means, the board had a preliminary reconnaissance made of existing and prospective routes of communications on the Seward Peninsula in the fall of 1921. The investigation was completed during the summer of 1922. Report dated December 1, 1922, was transmitted to Con- gress and printed in House Document No. 514, Sixty-Seventh Con- gress, fourth session. A plan of improvement is presented to the extent of: From Shelton to Dahl, extension of the Nome-Shelton tramway, 12 miles, at $12,500 per mile--------------------------------$150, 000 From Dahl to Immachuk, improvement of winter trail to summer trail standard, including bridges, 65 miles, at $3,000 per mile ... 195, 000 From Immachuk to Candle Creek, construction of a tramway, 30 miles, at $13,500 per mle . ------------------------------ 505, 000 Total-------------------------------------------------750, 000 Maintenance is to be provided for by the board with its own funds, supplemented by contributions from the Territory. 2100 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. ADDITIONAL DUTIES OF THE BOARD. At the request of the commanding officer of the post of Fort Winm. H. Seward, Alaska, the president of the board made a special ex- amination of the water main across Chilcat Inlet, which supplies the post and the town of Haines, Alaska, and submitted a report with recommendations for the repair and reconstruction of the line. This report was approved by the War Department and the board was charged with supervision of the work. Two thousand seven hun- dred and fifty dollars of quartermaster funds were allotted to the post finance officer in payment thereof. At the close of last fiscal year, the breaks and leaks were repaired, the water service restored and the reconstruction nearly completed. Total expenditues, $2, 502.02. The president of the board is also district engineer for the Juneau, Alaska, river and harbor district. The other two members of the board are placed under the immediate orders of the district engi- neer and the secretary and disbursing officer of the board is dis- bursing officer for the district. Total expenditures, $21,145.12. The president of the board, in addition to his other duties, was, under the provisions of acts of Congress approved June 17, 1910, and June 15, 1917, detailed for consultation or to superintend the construction or repair of any aid to navigation authorized by Con- gress in the Sixteenth (includes Territory of Alaska) Lighthouse District and was directed to report by letter to the Secretary of Commerce. By informal agreement with the Territorial board of road com- missioners this board has agreed, under the terms of the Territorial act of April 21, 1919, to permit its superintendent for the south- western district and its assistant superintendent for the Yukon dis- trict to be appointed chairmen and secretaries of the Third and Fourth Territorial road districts, respectively, to supervise their operations and to certify vouchers to the Territorial treasurer for payment, following the same general procedure as for Federal vouchers. Effective November 14, 1921, the president of the board was ap- pointed consulting engineer for the Territory and assumed direct charge of all Territorial public works. By letter of the Secretary of War, dated December 6, 1921, the president of the board was designated as the War Department rep- resentative upon the Inter-Departmental Alaska Council. Under the authority of the same letter the president of the board desig- nated the engineer officer of the board to act in his absence. By informal arrangement the president of the board agreed to act for the National Park Service, Department of the Interior, on cer- tain matters relating to the improvement of the Sitka National monument and the development of Mount McKinley National Park. Effective February 13, 1923, the president and the engineer officer of the board were, in addition to their other duties, detailed for duty with the Government railroad in Alaska under the provisions of an act of Congress approved March 12, 1914, and were appointed chair- man and chief engineer and vice chairman, respeictively, of the Alaskan Engineering Commission. They took over the management of the Alaska Railroad and allied activities of the Alaskan Engi- BOARD OF ROAD COMMISSIONERS FOR ALASKA. 2101 neering Commission as of March 24, 1923. Expenditures for the fiscal year since that date, $1,590,570.09. The practical result of the foregoing orders has been the develop- ment, without legislation but through executive order or interdepart- mental or interbureau agreement of a practical working arrange- ment through which the facilities of all the services involved are used interchangeably. A careful account is kept so that each ap- propriation is eventually expended for the purpose intended by Con- gress and no appropriation is either increased or diminished by such interchange of working funds or facilities. Separate accounts and reports are rendered to the departments under the direction of which the work is performed. The result has been an immediate speeding up of development work upon a unified plan based upon a careful survey of the situa- tion, a thorough knowledge of the entire Territory and its problems, and a coordination of all the various conflicting interests after full hearings before all parties at issue. Instead of interminable ref- erences between different bureaus which formerly sometimes required papers to travel to Washington and back several times, matters are handled promptly upon the ground, or where the approval of Wash- ington is required, such approval has usually been obtained by a single telegram covering the various angles or the views of the bureaus concerned. The following are the activities involved in this arrangement: The construction, repair, and maintenance of. federal roads, tramways, ferries, bridges, trails, and related works, now aggregating over 9,000 miles, and extending from open-all-the-year-round south coast ports to all inhabited parts of the Territory; Territorial roads, bridges, ferries, and trails throughout the Territory, covered by cooperative agreements; shelter cabins; Nizina River Bridge; Nome-Shelton Tramway (87 miles operated by cars drawn by dogs); Tolovana Tramway; Kaltag Portage Survey; Improvement of Nome Harbor; Improvement of Wrangell Harbor; the preliminary examination or survey of Wrangell Narrows, Tolovana River, Yukon-Kuskokwim Portage, English Bay, and Gastineau Channel and adjacent waters; the investigation of port facilities; the survey and design for a Government dock at Juneau; the issuance of permits for fish traps and other structures in the navigable waters along the Territory's 26,000 mile coast line; miscellaneous inspections, public hearings, and contingencies of rivers and harbors; improvement of Sitka National Monument; Development of Mount McKinley National Park; con- struction, maintenance, and operation of the Alaska Railroad from Seward to Fairbanks, 4704 miles; railway spurs to the Eska, Jones- ville, Chickaloon, and Healy River coal mines, 46 miles; from Fair- banks to the gold creeks as far as Chatanika, 39 miles narrow gauge; Moose Creek coal spur, 4- miles narrow gauge; also river boat serv- ice on the Tanana and Yukon Rivers between Nenana and Holy Cross, 750 miles, with through billing arrangements covering freight service from Seattle or Tacoma to points on the Yukon River and its principal tributaries between the International Boundary at Eagle and Bering Sea at St. Michael; also an agreement covering automobile service on the Richardson Highway from Fairbanks to Chitina and Valdez, 410 miles; also operates coal mines, hospitals, hotels, and commissaries. 2102 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. 'ARMY, 1923. The organization chart looks like an hourglass with the central office at the waist. All authorities and appropriations are gathered in from the four departments and six bureaus and then spread out again over the various jobs. Similarly the reports and vouchers are gathered up from the various outlying districts, vis6ed, and then passed up to the various departments and bureaus under whose direction the particular work has been handled. Financial summary. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, includ- ing receipts from sales, etc.: During fiscal years 1905-1922---------- $6, 409, 424. 04 Fiscal year 1923_----------__ ------ 618, 869. 62 $7, 028, 293. 66 Alaska special fund fiscal years 1920-1922_ 277, 885.60 Alaska special fund fiscal year 1923_----- 121, 212. 87 399, 098. 47 7, 427, 392. 13 Total for new work----------- 4, 277, 696. 99 Total for maintenance- -------------- 3, 149, 695. 14 Total expended ---------------------------- 7, 427, 392.13 Balance available--------------------------------------- 69,118. 41 Grand total to be accounted for------------------ 8, 096, 510. 54 Appropriations to June 30, 1923: Construction and maintenance of military post roads, bridges and trails, Alaska_ 4, 945, 000. 00 Wagon roads, bridges and trails, Alaska fund ......... 2, 652, 892. 56 Increase of compensation, War Department ........... 34, 265. 01 Receipts from sales, etc___________ 48, 694. 14 Refunds to Alaska fund______________............ 3, 187. 18 Refunds to War Department appropriations ........... 2,120. 49 Refunds to contributed funds.------- ----------- 20. 45 Reimbursement from Navy Department_ 3, 976. 19 Sales, etc., to accrue to Alaska fund... 7, 276. 50 Funds contributed by Territory of Alaska and towns, for public roads, bridges, trails and ferries, Alaska special f d ri un _ - -, 399Q078~Z . 02) Total -------------------------------- ---- -- 8, 096 510. 54 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1.919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for improvement and new work .................. $114, 829. 11 $185, 190. 66 $432,243. 90 $236, 251. 91 $314, 195. 39 Expended for maintenance...... 184, 195. 15 173, 410. 59 234, 545. 18 446, 995. 77 425, 887. 10 Total expended........... 299, 024. 26 358, 601. 25 666, 789. 08 683, 247. 68 740, 082. 49 Appropriated by War Depart- ment acts ................... 100, 000.00 100, 000. 00 350, 000. 00 425, 000. 00 1,115, 000. 00 Allotted from Alaska fund....... 52, 372. 31 124, 992. 96 218, 237. 10 173, 029. 19 34, 398. 23 Contributed by Territory of Alaska and others...................... 115, 517. 94 113, 746. 61 56, 421.05 113, 412. 87 Increase of compensation, War Department.............. .... ... ... .... ............ 940.00 4, 322.09 28,857.72 Total...................... 152,372. 31 340,510.90 682,923.71 658, 772.33 1,291,668.82 BOARD OF' ROAD COMMISSIONERS FOR ALASKA. 2108 July 1, 1922, balance available--- ..--------- -------------- $490, 239. 86 Amount appropriated by War Department act, approved Mar. 2, 1923 ------------------------------------------------ 650, 000. 00 Amount accrued to Alaska fund during fiscal year 1923 ------- - 119, 227.10 Amount contributed by Territory of Alaska and others---------113, 412. 87 Refund, War Department appropriation----------------------- 21.35 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 ____ _____- 7, 442. 00 Increase of compensation, War Department, 1923 -------------- 28, 857. 72 Total resources______- . --------------------- 1, 409, 200. 90 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year, including receipts from sales, etc.: New work------------------------------ $314, 195. 39 Maintenance __ _____----__________-425, 887. 10 740, 082. 49 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended -------------------------- 669, 118. 41 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities------------------------ 312, 909. 21 July 1, 1923, balance unobligated ____________-____-___ -_ 356, 209. 20 Amount available from War Department act, approved Mar. 2, 1923 ------ ------------------------------------- 559, 407. 68 Amount available from Alaska fund on June 30, 1923 -- __ - -__ 102, 434. 23 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 -- ------...... 7, 276. 50 Amount available for fiscal year ending June 30, 1924_-_____-- 669, 118. 41 Amount (estimated) required to be appropriated for completion of existing projects---------- -------------------------- 8, 460, 000. 00 Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1925 : For new work__ __________________________ 621, 500. 00 For maintenance__--__---------------------_ _ 978, 500. 00 Total ----- ------------------- -------- ------ 1, 600. 000. 00 APPROPRIATIONS. Construction and maintenance, military and post roads, bridges and trails, Alaska. Total amount appropriated to and including June 5, 1922___ $4, 295, 000. 00 (See detailed statement on p. 2252, Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, 1922.) March 2, 1923----------------------- ------- --------- 650, 000. 00 Total --------- -- --------------------------- 4, 945, 000. 00 Receipts from Treasury, United States, account "Alaska fund," wagon roads, bridges and trails, Alaska fund: Grand total to end of fiscal year 1921 ---------------- 2, 422, 871. 88 (See statement on p. 51, Part II, Annual Report of the Alaska Road Commission, fiscal year 1921.) 1922 -------------------------------------------- 97, 461. 62 Proceeds from sales_ ___- ___ __-____ ____ 4, 213. 20 1923 ------------------------------------------- 119, 227. 10 Proceeds from sales ------ _------------------- 9, 118. 76 Total--------------- ---- -2, 652, 892. 56 Increase of compensation, Military Establishment: Fiscal year 1918------------------------------------- 145. 20 1919 __------------------------------ ---- ------- 1920 - .-- --- 1 Exclusive of available funds 2104 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Increase of compensation, Military Establishment--Continued. 1921 ---------------------------------- --------- $940. 00 1922 ---- ----------------------- 4, 322. 09 1923 --------------------------.-------------- 28, 857. 72 Total ------------------------- 34, 265. 01 Grand total, Federal funds------------------------- 7, 632, 157. 57 CONTRIBUTED FUNDS. [Act of Congress approved June 30, 1921, Alaska special fund.] 1. By the Territory of Alaska: Act of legislature approved Apr. 21, 1919- Public roads, bridges, trails, and ferries- Fiscal year 1920 ----------------- $115, 517. 94 1921 -------------------------- 85, 746. 61 $201, 264. 55 Approved May 7, 1921, roads, etc.- Fiscal year 1921 ----------------------- 28, 000. 00 1922 -------------------------------- 43, 237. 28 1923 (includes $20.45 refund)-- , 88, 533. 33 159, 770. 61 Approved May 5, 1921, Nizina River Bridge-- Fiscal year 1922----------- ----------- 5, 000. 00 1923 --------------------------------- 20, 000. 00 25, 000.00 Approved May 7, 1921, Shelter Cabins- Fiscal year 1922 ------------------------ 6, 500.00 1923 --------------------------------- 3, 500.00 10, 000. 00 Total, territory -------------------------------- 396, 035. 16 2. By others: Fiscal year 1922- City of Valdez ____--___---------- 220. 02 City of Wrangell_ __-__ -______-___-- 500. 00 City of Sitka---------------------------- 500. 00 Alpine Club of Skagway_----- 463. 75 1, 683. 77 Fiscal year 1923: City of Valdez------------------------ 601. 83 City of Juneau------------------------_ 777. 71 1,379.54 Grand total, contributed funds-------____---- 399, 098.47 MONUMENTS AND MEMORIALS OUTSIDE THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. ERECTION OF MONUMENTS IN THE FIRST NEW YORK DISTRICT. District engineer: Col. Edward Burr, Corps of Engineers, to August 31, 1922; Col. H. C. Newcomer, Corps of Engineers, Septem- ber 1 to September 30, 1922; Col. Edward Burr, Corps of Engineers, October 1, 1922 to February 28, 1923; Lieut. Col. J. R. Slattery, Corps of Engineers, since that date. Division engineer: On May 31, 1919 the first New York district was temporarily withdrawn from the northeast division and the district engineer was given the powers of division engineer; on March 1, 1923 it was reassigned to the northeast division. ERECTION OF MONUMENTS. 2105 MACDONOUGH MEMORIALS, LAKE CHAMPLAIN, N. Y., AND VT. The prior history and description of this work are contained in the Annual Reports of the Chief of Engineers, for 1916, page 1849, and 1917, page 1960. Operations and results prior to June 30, 19.-See Annual Re- ports for 1916, page 1849; 1917, page 1960; 1918, page 1993;. 1919, page 2102; 1920, page 2084; 1921, page 2113; and 1922, page 2253. Operations and results during fiscal year.-Proposals for con- structing the monuments, opened November 21, 1921, were rejected because they exceeded the amount of funds appropriated. Modified plans of the Plattsburg memorial were accordingly prepared under supplemental agreement with John Russell Pope; they were approved by the Fine Arts Commission on February 1, 1923 and by the Secre- tary of War February 8, 1923. Proposals under the modified plans were opened April 18, 1923; they again exceeded the amount avail- able for the work. After conference, the Plattsburg Centenary Com- mission adopted a resolution on May 7, 1923, which provided for entering into contract under the modified plans to construct the monument with the carvings, iron stairway, and the eagle, but omitting the filling, grading, and paving, this latter work to be cared for by the Commission. Contract was accordingly entered into in the sum of $97,470 on May 31, 1923; the work of excavation was commenced June 15, 1923. The expenditures on the Platts- burg memorial amounted to $3,166.49 and on the Vermont memorial, $312, a total of $3,478.49. Financialsummary. NEW YORK MEMORIALS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $79.20: New work----------------- ------------------------ $6, 025. 12 -- Maintenance----------------------------------------------- Total appropriations to date of this report __ ______-____-- __ 125, 000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 " 1923 Expended for new work 1....... $19. 77 $1, 400. 00 $63.10 $216. 82 $3,166. 49 Expended for maintenance 1......... ..... .............. .................. .... ....... ...... Appropriated or allotted........................................... ...... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended-_--- --- $122, 106. 27 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923 ------------------ 35.10 122,141. 37 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 For new work ---------------------------------------- 3, 166. 49 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended.. __________------------------- 118, 974.88 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities-----$----------- 3, 785. 77 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts_ 97,345. 90 101, 131. 67 July 1, 1923, balance available------------ 17, 843. 21 SNot deducting receipts from sales, etc. 2106 REPORT OF CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY, 1923. Financial summary. VERMONT MEMORIALS. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $14.10: New work --------- $853. 89 Maintenance------- - - - - Total appropriations to date of this report______________________ 15,000. 00 Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1..................... 157. 50 $26. 74 $131.05 $312. 00 Expended for maintenance .............. ................... ..... ............ .. Appropriated or allotted .............................. .............. .......... July 1, 1922, balance unexpended------------------------- $14,458.11 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year: 1 For new work--------------- -- 312. 00 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended------------ 14, 146. 11 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts ------------ 312. 00 July 1, 1923, balance available______----- ---- ___ 13, 834. 11 Financialsummary. MACDONOUGH MEMORIALS CONSOLIDATED. Amount expended on all projects to June 30, 1923, after deducting receipts from sales, etc., amounting to $93.30: New work--------- ------------------------------- $6, 879.01 Maintenance Total appropriations to date of this report 000. 00 1--------------------140, Fiscal year ending June 30. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Expended for new work 1........ $19. 77 $1,557. 50 $89. 84 $347. 87 $3, 478. 49 Expended for maintenance.... ...........--........................................ .. Appropriated or allotted.......... . ....................... ................. July 1, 1922, balance unexpended _____________----_-- $136, 564. 38 Receipts from sales, etc., during fiscal year 1923- 5. 10 3--------------- 136, 599. 48 June 30, 1923, amount expended during fiscal year for new work 3, 478.49 July 1, 1923, balance unexpended ___________________ ___ 133, 120. 99 July 1, 1923, outstanding liabilities _________--__ $3,785. 77 July 1, 1923, amount covered by uncompleted contracts- 97, 657.90 101, 443, 67 July 1, 1923, balance available----- ___----_______ 31, 677. 32 1 Not deducting receipts from sales, etc. ERECTION OF MONUMENTS. 2107 CONTRACTS IN FORCE. Contractor: John Russell Pope. Date of contract: February 29, 1916. Date of approval: March 28, 1916. For professional services as architect and designer, including the furnishing of specifications and drawings, and supervising the construction of the memorials. Amount of contract: New York memorial, $7,000; Vermont memorial, $780. Supplemental agreement was entered into October 17, 1922, and approved October 24, 1922, by the Secretary of War, providing for preparation and sub- mission of revised drawings and specifications relating to the memorial at Plattsburg at an additional cost of $754, and for payment of two-fifths of the total consideration of the contract. Completed to June 30, 1923: New York memorial, 60 per cent; Vermont memorial, 60 per cent. Contractor: John Young, jr. Date of contract: May 31, 1923. Date of approval: -June 14, 1923. Date fixed for commencement: August 18, 1923. Date fixed for completion: September 1, 1924. Amount of contract: For constructing a memorial at Plattsburg, $97,470. Completed to June 30, 1923: 0 per cent. LANSING H. BEACH, Major General, Chief of Engineers. FINDING LIST. SHOWING THE SUBDIVISIONS OF THIS REPORT BY DISTRICTS. Page. River and Harbor Board .....- ________--------------__ 12 Boston, Mass ------------------------------------------------- 15 Providence, R. I ---------------------------------------------- 61 New YorkNew City, Ciy, first Yrk district_,_____ fist ditric ----------------------------------- 137 13 New York City, second district_______-------------------------------- 276 Philadelphia, Pa---------------------------------------------- 311 Wilmington, Del- - - -------__ ,_--337 Baltimore, Md ------------------------------------------------ 404 Washington, D. C --------------------------------------------- 443 Norfolk, Va --------------------- --------------------------- 467 Wilmington, N. C------------- -------------------------------- 518 Charleston, S. C----------------------------- 577 Savannah, Ga -605 Jacksonville, Fla _ - -____-__-__ -__ 651 Montgomery, Ala ----------------------------------- 727 Mobile, Ala 83 7---------------- New Orleans, La ---------------------------------------------- 830 Galveston, Tex 18 9---------------- Vicksburg, Miss ------------------------------- 1020 Memphis, Tenn ---------------------------------------------- 1056 St. Louis, Mo -- 1078 Rock Island, Ill------ ------------------------------------- 1088 St. Paul, Minn-------------------------------------------- 1111 Kansas City, Mo ---- ------- ----------------------------- 1132 Nashville, Tenn----- --- -------------------------------- 1158 Chattanooga, Tenn-------------------- 1177 Florence, Ala- -------- ---------------------- 1199 Ohio River, locks and dams-----____-------------------------1212 Pittsburgh, Pa--------- ----------------------------------- 1231 Huntington, W. Va-- ------------------------------------- 1246 Cincinnati, Ohio ______------------- --- -- 1259 Louisville, Ky------------ ----------------------------------- 1268 Duluth, Minn ------------------- ------------------ 1279 Milwaukee, Wis ---------- ---------------------------------- 1327 Chicago, Ill ------------------------------------------------- 1423 Detroit, Mich ---------- ----------------------- 1458 Buffalo, N. Y------------------------ 1520 Los Angeles, Calif------------------------------------------- 1609 San Francisco, Calif., first district----------------------------- 1619 San Francisco, Calif., second district_--- _____________-_____ 1667 Portland, Oreg., first district___--- ---- --------------- 1686 Portland, Oreg., second district------- ----------------- _ 1743 Seattle, Wash-------- ------------------------------------ 1777 Juneau, Alaska--------------------------------- 1822 Honolulu, Hawaii-------- ------------------------------------ 1827 San Juan, P. R ----- ---------------------------- 1840 California Debris Commission -- -__- -------------------- 1845 Mississippi River Commission------ ----------------------------- 1860 I INDEX. A. Page. Abraham Lincoln Memorial, District of Columbia------------------- 2046 Absecon Creek, N. J., improvement ------------ 63 3---------------- Absecon Inlet, N. J.: Examination and survey --- ---- 404 Improvement ---------------------------------------------- 360 Academy Creek, Brunswick Harbor, Ga., improvement_ ------ --- 644 Actishnet River, New Bedford Harbor, Mass., improvement--------67 Adams Creek, N. C., improvement of waterway via------------------ 500 Agate Bay Harbor, Minn., improvement -- ------------------ 1283 Ahnapee River, improvement of Algoma Harbor, Wis- ------------- 1350 Alabama River, Ala., improvement-- 72 7---------------- Alabama, State of, removal of water hyacinths from---------------827, 915 Alaska, Board of Road Commissioners for ----------------------- 2084 Alaska's transportation system ___-----___------------------- 2084 Albemarle & Chesapeake Canal, N. C., and Va., improvement -------- _-- 500 Albemarle Sound, N. C., improvement of waterway to Norfolk, Va., via Pasquotank River------------------------------------- ------ 497 Alexandria, Va., improvement of Potomac River at-- _____- ______-- - - 448 Algoma Harbor, Wis., improvement------------------------------1350 Allegheny River, Pa.: Construction of locks and dams--------- ------------------- 1241 Examination and survey---- ------------------- 1268 Improvement by open-channel work -------------------- 1238 Operating and care of lcks and dams------------------------1244 Alligator Creek and Four Mile Creek, S. C., examination and survey- . 604 Alligator Creek, S. C., improvement of waterway from McClellanville to Charleston 93 5---------------- Alligator River, N. C., improvement of waterway via____ 500 Alloway Creek, N. J., improvement-------------------------------- 351 Alpena Harbor, Mich., improvement ----------------------- 1489 Altamaha River, Ga., improvement ------------------------------- 634 Ambrose Channel, New York Harbor, N. Y., improvement--------------- 188 American Red Cross, memorial to women of Civil War to be used by____ 2051 Amite River, La.: Examination and survey-__---- 9-___----------- Improvement --------- ----------- 855-------- 855 Anacortes Harbor, Wash., improvement of Cap Sante waterway-------- 1815 Anacostia River, D. C., reclamation and development of the flats-------- 1989 Anahuac Channel, Tex., improvement ---------------- 959 Anchorage grounds, rules for establishment of----------------------1962 Anclote River, Fla., improvement -- ------- 701 Apalachicola Bay, Harbor, and River, Fla.: Examination and survey of bay-------------------------------783 Improvement of channel to St. Andrews Bay_________ ____---___ 746 Improvement of harbor in bay---- --------------------- 730 Improvement of river, including the Cut-off, Lee Slough, and lower Chipola River ---------------------------------- ----- 733 Appomattox River, Va.: Examination and survey ------------------------------------- 518 Improvement -------------- -485 Appoquinimink River, Del., improvement --------------------- 379 61637-ENG 1923-133 III IV INDEX. Appropriations: Page. Allotments and transfers under river and harbor acts of Mar. 4, 1915, Mar. 2, 1919, June 5, 1920, Mar. 1, 1921, and War Department ap- propriation acts of June 30, 1922, and Mar. 2, 1923- 6------------ Locks and dams, Ohio River --------------------------------- 1227 Rivers and harbors___ -___- ------------------- 33---------- Aqueduct Bridge, Washington, D. C., repair----------------- ------ 1996 Aqueduct, Washington, D. C., maintenance and repair of__------- 2005 Aquia Creek, Va., improvement -------------- ------------- 452 Aransas Bay and Pass, Tex.: Examinations and surveys----------------------------------1019 Improvement at Harbor Island __________---------- --------- 1004 Improvement of channel to Corpus Christi (via Turtle Cove)------- 998 Improvement of channel to Pass Cavallo----------------- 996 Improvement of channel to Victoria (on Guadalupe River) ---- 1004 Improvement of Pass_ -- -------------------------------- 1004 Arkansas River, Ark.: Examination and survey --------------------------------- 1078 Improvement __--------------------------------------------1057 Arlington Memorial Amphitheater and Chapel --------------------- 2051 Arlington Memorial Bridge Commission---------------------------2050 Arthur K:11, N. Y. and N. J., improvement ------------------------- 283 Arthur Lake, Mermentau River, La., improvement-------------------903 Asbury, Francis, memorial to--------------------------------- 2054 Ashland Harbor, Wis., improvement ------------ __________---1296 Ashley River, S. C., improvement ___-- ---------------------- 600 Ashtabula Harbor, Ohio, improvement----___--- ---------- 1545 Assateague Anchorage, Va., examination and survey------------------ 404 Association of Congresses of Navigation, Permanent International---__- 1955 Atchafalaya Bay Ship Channel Co., maintenance of channel from Morgan City to the Gulf of Mexico by ------------------------------ 881 Atchafalaya River, La.: Improvement --------------------------------------------- 881 Removing snags and wrecks- ...----------- 1085 Survey by the Mississisppi River Commission Augusta, Ga.: ____- --------- 1868 Improvement of Savannah River above-------- --- ---------- 616 Improvement of Savannah River at-------------------------- 614 Improvement of Savannah River below --------------------- 611 Augusta Narrows, White River, Ark., improvement .------------------ 1061 Aux Bees Scies Lake, Frankfort Harbor, Mich., improvement ---------- 1416 B. Back Bay of Biloxi, Miss., improvement of Biloxi Harbor---------------819 Back Cove, Portland Harbor, Me., improvement________________ -_ 22 Back Creek, Va., examination and survey of channel to York River 467 -- Back (Weymouth) River, Mass., improvement ------------------------ 53 Ballard, Wash., improvement of Lake Washington Ship Canal .......... 1803 Baltimore, Md.: Engineering district --------------------------------------- 404 Improvement of harbor and channels -------------------------- 405 Barataria Bay and Bayou, La., improvement ------------------------ 859 Barges, experimental, for use on Mississippi River__- ----- ___-____ 1956 Bar Harbor, Me., construction of breakwater___- _____________-- - Barren River, Ky., operating and care of lock and dam---------------1272 - - 18 Bartholomew Bayou, La. and Ark., improvement-------------------1037 Bastrop Bayou, Tex., improvement 77 9----------------- Battery, The, New York Harbor, N. Y., removal of shoal in Hudson River off Pier A----------------- ------------------------------- 234 Baudette Harbor aid River, Minn., improvement-------------------- 1324 Bay Ridge Channel, New York Harbor, N. Y.: Examination and survey--- -------------------------------- 275 Improvement -------------------------------------------- 200 Bay River, N. C., improvement -------------- 530 Bayside Channel, New York Harbor, N. Y., improvement- 188 INDEX. V Beaufort Harbor and River, N. C.: Page. Examination and survey--------- --------------------------- 576 Improvement of harbor_------------ ------ ___________545 Improvement of waterway to Core Sound- - ----------- 548 Improvement of waterway to Jacksonville, N. C-........ 5r0 Improvement of waterway to New River----------------------- 550 Beaufort Inlet, N. C.: Improvement --------------------------------------------- 556 Improvement of waterway to Norfolk, Va _______________________ 500 Improvement of waterway to Pamlico Sound------------______- 500 Operating and care, waterway to Norfolk, Va .506 Beaufort, N. C., examination and survey of waterway to Cape Fear River ----------------------------------------------------- 576 Beaufort, S. C.: Improvement of waterway to St. Johns River, Fla ___________ 619 Improvement of waterway to Savannah, Ga--------------------- 619 Bee Tree Shoals Canal, Tennessee River, Ala., operating and care------ 1189 Bellingham Bay and Harbor, Wash.: Examination and survey of harbor____________ Improvement of Whatcom Creek waterway (New Whatcom Har- ___________ 1822 bor) ____________ 1816 Benton Harbor Canal, St. Joseph Harbor, Mich., improvement--_----- 1381 Beverly Harbor, Mass., improvement .- ________ ____ -- 39 Bienvenue Bayou, La., examination and survey____________________ 918 Big Kanawha River, W. Va., operating and care of locks and dams ..... 1252 Big Sandy River, W. Va. and Ky.: Improvement, including Tug and Levisa Forks________________ 1.255 Operating and care of locks and dams____________________________ 1258 Big Sunflower River, Miss.: Improvement--------- ---------------------------------- 1048 Operating and care of lock and dam--------------------------1052 Big Thoroughfare River, Md., improvement________ 4----------___ 440 Big Timber Creek, N. J., examination and survey___ 404 Biloxi Harbor, Miss., improvement _________________________ -8149 Biscayne Bay, Fla., improvement--------------------------------- 675 Blackfish Bayou, Ark., improvement_____------- ------- 1071 Black Lake. Holland Harbor, Mich., improvement______--- ______----- 1393 Black River, Ark. and Mo.: Examination and survey ----------------------------------- 1078 Improvement --------------------------- 1066 Black River, La.: Examination and survey ----------------------------- ------ 1868 Improvement ------------------------------------------- 024 Black River, Lorain, Ohio, improvement _____-------------------- 1531 Black River, Mich., improvement_________ -------------------- 1499 Black River, N. C., improvement ---- ------------------------ 571 Black River, Wis., operating snag and dredge boats----__________ __ 11.04 Black Rock Harbor and Channel, N. Y.: Examination and survey_________-- -- - -- --- ----- ------ 1609 Improvement-------- -------------------------------- 1571 Improvement of Lake Erie entrance------_------------------ 1571 Operating and care of canal and lock, etc ___---------------- 1581 Black Rock Harbor, Conn., improvement_____------------------------ 121 Black Walnut Harbor, Md., examination and survey _____________-----443 Black Warrior River, Ala.: Improvement ------------------------------ 791 Operating and care of locks and dams-------------------------- 805 Blackwater River, Fla.: Examination and survey----------------------------------- 783 Improvement ------,-_---- -------------------------------------- c------------------------------ 761 0 Blackwater River, Va., improvement ____ 5___________ Block Island, R. I.; Construction of harbor of refuge------------- ____________ ----- 87 Improvement of Great Salt Pond----------------------------- 89 Blood River, La., improvement -------- ------------------ __ 853 Bloomfield Creek, Staten Island, N. Y., examination and survey--------- 311 VI INDEX. Boards : Page. See also Commissions. Engineers for Rivers and Harbors_ -- -------------------- 12 Experimental towboats, Mississippi River ..------------ ---------- 1956 Road Commissioners for Alaska ----------------------------- 2084 Boca Ceiga Bay, Fla., improvement ------------------------------ 698 Boeu River, La., improvement---- --- ____-1034 ------ 1-------_, Bogue Falia, La.: Examination and survey---------------------------- 918 Improvement _----------------------- 848 Bogues Bay, Va., improvement_----- 402 Bogue Sound, N. C., improvement-- -------------------------- 550 Bonfouca Bayou, La., examination and survey- __-- __ ____ -- - 918 Booms, permits for erection of__- --- -------------------------- 1964 Boston, Mass.: Engineering district ----------------------------------------- 15 Improvement of harbor--- ....-.---- -__-------------- 30 Boundary waters, investigations between United States and Canada.- 2083 Brandywine River, Wilmington Harbor, Del., improvement ----- 371 Branford Harbor, Conn., improvement_ --------------------- 110 Brazos Island Harbor, Tex., improvement ------------------------- 1010 Brazos River, Tex.: Improvement between Old Washington and Waco----- ---- ___ 987 Improvement between Velasco and Old Washington _______-- ---- 985 Improvement of canal to west Galveston Bay 989 Improvement of channel to Matagorda Bay __________ _____-- 993 Improvement of mouth -------------------------------------- 980 Operating and care of locks and dams------------ ---- 989 Brazos-Santiago Pass, Tex., improvement_ __________ -___- __-___--1010 Brentons Cove, R. I., removal of Nourmahal Rock-------------------- 74 Bridgeport Harbor, Conn., improvement ---------------------------- 121 Bridges : Alteration of, obstructing navigation -------------------------- 1963 m Aqueduct Bridge, Washington, D. C----- - __-I----------1996 Construction across navigable waters------------- ------------ 1963 Georgetown Bridge, Potomac River, construction-------- 2000 Rules governing opening of draws---------------------------- 1962 Broad Creek, Md., improvement-_-------------------------------- 438 Broad Creek River, Del., improvement----------------430 Broadkill River, Del., improvement ___________-_____--- - _ 395 Broad Sound, Boston Harbor, Mass., improvement__ __________-- - - - 30 Bronx (Harlem) Kills, N. Y., examination and survey -------------- 275 Bronx River, N. Y., improvement-_ _-------------- 154 Browns Creek, N. Y., improvement__- ---- --------------------- 178 Brulb, Plaquemine Bayou, La., improvement_______________________ 909 Brunswick Harbor, Ga., improvement-------------------- 44 6--------- Brunswick River, N. C., improvement of Cape Fear River below Wil- mington --------------------------------------------------- 560 Budd Inlet, Olympia Harbor, Wash., improvement 1----------------- Buffalo Bayou, Tex., improvement of waterway to Houston____________ 947 Buffalo, N. Y.: Engineer district ________--_-------------------- 1520 Examinations and surveys____------_ 1609 Improvement of Black Rock Channel and Tonawanda Harbor-..... 1571 Improvement of harbor ------------------------------------ 1563 Operating and care of Black Rock Canal and Ferry Street Bridge-- 1581 Bulkhead lines, establishment--1------------ ---- _ _ -1970 Bureau Creek, Ill., examination and survey__--- ------------------ 1111 Burke, Edmund, Memorial__________------------------------------------ 2052 Burlington Harbor, Vt., improvement----------------------------- 266 Burr Creek, Conn., improvement--------------------------------- 121 Buttermilk Channel, New York Harbor, N. Y., improvement_ ----- 204 Buzzards Bay, Mass., examination and survey of bay and approaches to Cape Cod Canal------------------- ------------------------ 137 Byram River, Port Chester Harbor, N. Y., improvement- 1------------ 138 INDEX. VII C. Page. Caddo Lake, Tex. and La., improvement by construction of dam at foot of 1016 Calaveras River, Calif.: Examination and survey-----------------------------------1859 Improvement --------------------------------------------- 1672 Calcasieu Pass and River, La.: Examinations and surveys-- ------------------------------- 918 Improvement _ -------------------------------------- ------- 911 Improvement of waterway to Mermentau River------------------ 891 Improvement of waterway to Sabine River, La. and Tex----------- 894 California Debris Commission ---------------------------------- 1845 Caloosahatchee River, Fla.: Examination and survey---------------- ---- --------------- 727 Improvement___--------------------------------------------- 688 Calumet Harbor and River, Ill. and Ind.: Improvement of harbor (South Chicago Harbor) __ ___-_----1436 Improvement of river-- ------------------------------------ 1436 Cambridge Harbor, Md.: *Examination and survey------------------------------------ 443 Improvement_---_ --------------------------- -- 425 Canada, Dominion of: Commerce through St. Marys Falls Canal----------------------1481 Transmission of electrical power into United States at Niagara Falls- 2077 Canals : See also Waterways. Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal, N. C., improvement .. 5------- 500 Appropriation for operation and care----------------------------- 3 Bee Tree Shoals Canal, Ala., operating and care------------------1189 Benton Harbor Canal, St. Joseph Harbor, Mich., improvement ____- 1381 Black Rock Canal and Ferry Street Bridge, Buffalo, N. Y., operating and care ----------------------------------------------- 1581 Calaveras River, Calif., to Mormon Channel, San Joaquin River, improvement----___ _______-- 1672 Cape Cod Canal, examination and survey of approaches to---------- 137 Care and maintenance, appropriation for..... 3 Cascades Canal, Columbia River- Construction 1------------------ Operating and care- ....---------------------- ______ 1740 Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, Del. and Md.- Improvement ---- -------------------------------------- 375 Operation and care of canal and locks 379 Colbert Shoals Canal, Ala., operating and care------------------1212 Dalles-Celilo Canal, Oreg. and Wash.- Improvement --------------------------------------- 1728 Operating and care---------- ------------ 1741 Des Moines Rapids Canal and Dry Dock, Mississippi River, operating and care -------------------------------- ------ 1099 Dismal Swamp Canal, Va. and N. C., improvement of waterway via_ 497 Elk River Shoals Canal, Ala., operating and care_____________---1210 Estherville-Minim Creek Canal. S. C., improvement---------------- 586 Fausse Pointe Lake, La., canal from Grand Bayou to Sandy Point, examination and survey_ ___ 918 Illinois and Mississippi Canal, Ill.- Examination and survey_ ------------------------------- 1111 Operating and care ------------------------------------ 1106 Keokuk (Des Moines Rapids) Canal and Dry Docks, Mississippi River, operating and care 1------------------- Lake Washington Ship Canal, Wash. Improvement -___ - -- - ----- ------ 1803 Operating and care ___________________-____-____821 Le Claire Canal, Iowa, operating and care _______--_____-- _ 1102 Louisville and Portland Canal, Ohio River, Ky.-- Enlargement_ _------- ------------- 1212 Operating and care__--- ------------------ 228 VIII INDEX. Canals--Continued. Page. Miami and Erie Canal, Ohio, and branch canal to Lake Michigan, etc., examination and survey __._____-- - -1268 Muscle Shoals Canal, Ala., operating and care------------------1210 Navigation of, regulations for____ _____- - -_____ ______-- -- -- 1961 Operation and care, appropriation for--------- ------------------- 3 Portage Lake Canals, Mich., improvement _____ ____-__- -- 1302 Port Arthur Ship Canal, Tex., improvement__ __-----___-----919 Regulations for navigation_ -- - -___,________---1961 Sabine-Neches Canal- Contributions for improvement-----------------------------922 Examination and survey 1------------1020 Improvement 919 St. Marys Falls Canal, Mich.-- Commercial statistics ----------------------------------- 1481 Improvement ---------------- ------------------------- 1459 Operating and care ------------------------------------ 1481 San Joaquin River, Calif., Mormon Channel to Calaveras River, im- provement_ - --- 1672 1------ Sturgeon Bay and Lake Michigan Canal, Wis., improvement------- 1346 Tennessee River to Tombigbee River, examination and survey ------ 830 Thoroughfare Bay to Cedar Bay, N. C., improvement-------------- 543 West Galveston Bay and Brazos River Canal, Tex., improvementl 989 Cannes, des, Bayou, La., improvement ___ -_______ __- ------ 903 Canoe Creek, Ky., examination and survey 1278 Cape Cod Canal, examination and survey of approaches to------------ 137 Cape Fear River, N. C.: Examinations and surveys--------------------------------- 576 Improvement above Wilmington------------------------------- 565 Improvement at and below Wilmington------------------------- 560 Improvement of Northeast Branch ___________________________ 569 Operating and care of Locks and Dams Nos. 1 and 2_____________ 575 Cape Lookout, N. C.. improvement of harbor of refuge 58 5---------------- Cape May, N. J., improvement of Cold Spring Inlet, N. J___________ 358 Cape Vincent Harbor. N. Y.: Examination and( survey ..-- - ----- 1609 Improvement_-_ - - --- -- -- 1602 Cap Sante waterwa y, Anacortes Harbor, Wash., improvement---------- 1815 Carrabelle Harbor and River, Fla., improvement--------------------728 Cascades Canal, Columbia, River, Oreg.: __1725 Construction --------------------------------------- Operating and care--------------------------------------- 1740 Cat River, Va., improvement of waterway, via---------------------- 402 Cavallo Pass, Tex.: Improvement of channel to Aransas Pass-----------------------996 Iinprovement of channel to Port Lavaca---- ---- 1002 Cedar Bayou, Tex.: Examination and survey_____ 1020 Improvement------------------- --------- ---- 970 Cedar Bay to Thoroughfare Bay, N. C., improvement_ - 543 Cedar Creek, Conn., improvement ------------------ 121 Celilo Falls, Columbia River_____________________ 1731 Chambersia (Anahuac) Channel, Tex., improvement--------- 959 Champlain Lake, N. Y. and Vt.: Burlington Harbor, Vt., improvement---------- 266 Macdonough Memorials - --------------------------- 2105 Narrows, improvement-------------------------------------- 263 Plattsburg Harbor, N. Y., improvement-------------------------269 Port Henry Harbor, N. Y., improvement----------------------- 272 Channels. See Rivers and harbors, Canals and waterways. Charles River, Boston, Mass., improvement ------ ----- 30 Charleston, S. C.: Engineering district --------------------------------------- 577 Examinations and surveys ---------- -------------------------- 604 Improvement of harbor ------------------- __________- 596 Improvement of waterway to Winyah Bay_-__-- -------- - 593 Charlevoix Harbor, Mich:, improvement --------------------------- 1418 INDEX. IX Charlotte Harbor, Fla.: Page. Examination and survey 7__________ 727 Improvement------- --------------------------------- 693 Charlotte Harbor, N. Y., improvement_____ 1584 Charts. See Maps and charts. Chattahoochee River, Ga. and Ala., improvement below Columbus------- 742 Chattanooga, Tenn., engineering district- -- ________-__ __ 1177 Cheboygan Harbor, Mich. : Examination and survey 1----------------- Improvement-___ --- ---------- 1485 1.------ Cheesequake Creek, N. J., improvement----------------------------298 Chefuncte River, La.: Examination and survey _---------------------- 918 Improverment--- ------------------------------------------ 848 Chehalis River, Wash., improvement____------ --------- 1785 Chelsea Creek, Boston Harbor, Mass., improvement_ .__--- ___--- 30 Chequamegon Bay, Ashland Harbor, Wis., improvement________--- 1296 Chesapeake and Albemarle Canal, N. C. and Va., improvement-------- 500 Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, Del. and Md.: Improvement --------------------------------------------- 375 Operting and care of canal and locks-------------------------- 379 Chesapeake Bay, Md. and Va.: Thimble Shoal, improvement -- 474 Waterway to Beaufort Inlet, improvement--------------------- 500 Waterway to sounds of North Carolina (to Pamlico Sound), im- provement _ ------------------------------------ 497 York Spit, removal of shoals opposite------------------------- 405 Chester River, Md., improvement-------------------------------- 414 Chester River, Pa., improvement--------- ---------- 369 Chicago Harbor and River.: Improvement of harbor_____ ___ __------------------------------------- 1427 --- Improvement of river______ __-------------- 1432 Chicago, Ill., engineering district-------------------------------- 1423 Chico Bayou, Fla., examination and survey------------------------ 783 Chincoteague Inlet and Bay. Va.: Waterway on coast of Virginia, improvement-------------------- 402 Waterway to Delaware Bay, improvement--------------------- 400 Chipola River, Fla.: Improvement of lower river---- -------------- ---------------- 733 Improvement of upper r'ver----------- --------------------- 736 Chippewa River, Wis., operating snag and dredge boats____- _____--- 1104 Chocolate Bayou, Tex., improvement----__ ---------- 917 Choctawhatchee Bay and River, Fla. and Ala.: Examination and survey of bay------------------------------ 783 Improvement of river--------------------------------------- 754 Choptank River, Md., improvement _______---___________----423 Christiana River, Del.: Examination and survey from Newport to Christiana______________ 404 Improvement of Wilmington Harbor-------------------------- 371 Cincinnati, Ohio, engineering district----------------------------- 1259 Civil War, Women of, Memorial to__-------------------------------2051 Claiborne Harbor, Md., improvement ------------------------------ 417 Clatskanie River, Oreg., improvement -------- _--. ___________--_ - 1756 Clear Creek, Tex., improvement ---------------------------------- 972 Clearwater Harbor, Fla., improvement of channel to Tampa Bay-__--_ 698 Clearwater River, Idaho, examination and survey ______________----1742 Cleveland, Ohio: Examination and survey of harbor --------------------------- 1609 Improvement of harbor ------------------------------------ 1535 Clinch River, Tenn., improvement-- ----------------------------- 1194 Clinton R'ver, Mich., improvement--_______________________ 1502 Coenties Reef, New York Harbor, N. Y., removal__---------------------210 Cohansey River, N. J.,improvement --- _------- 353 Coinjock Bay, N. C., improvement of waterway via__------------ 500 Colbert Shoals Canal, Tennessee River, Ala., operating and care- 1212 ---- Cold Spring Inlet, N. J., improvement- - _-----_- - 358 X INDEX. Coldwater River, Miss.: Page. Examination and survey------------- ---------------- 1056 Improvement 1------------------ Columbia River, Oreg. and Wash.: Cascade Canal- Construction ----------------- ------------------------- 1725 Operating and care------ - -------- 1---- 1740 Celilo Falls to Snake River, including tributaries, improvement from_ 1731 Celilo Falls to The Dalles Rapids, improvement__- ----------- 1728 Celilo Falls to The Dalles Rapids, operating and care of canal and Locks---------- -- ------------------------- 1741 Examinations and surveys ____________...._____-- 1742,1777 Mouth, improvement_________--------- 1743 Mouth to Willamette River, improvement Threemile Rapids, improvement ----------------------------- 1728 __--____ 1_____- '1746 Wenatchee, Wash., to Kettle Falls, improvement-------------- 1819 Colyell Bayou, La------------------ -------------------------- 855 Commencement Bay, Wash., improvement-------------------------- 1797 Commissions: See also Boards. Arlington Memorial Bridge Commission------------ -------- -2050 California Debris Comm ssion 1845 Mississippi River Commission------------ ------------------ 1860 Permanent International Association of Congresses of Navigation_- 1955 Public buildings ------------------------------------------ 2056 Compton Creek, N. J., improvement ________________________ 304 Conecuh River, Ala., improvement -------------------------------- 763 Coney Island Channel, New York Horbor, N. Y., improvement 98 1---------- Congaree River',S. C.: Improvement --------------------------------------------- 589 Operating and care of lock and dam---------------------------592 Congresses of Navigation, Permanent International Association of___-__ 1955 Conneaut Harbor, Ohio, improvement --- - 1------------- 1550 Connecticut River, Mass. and Conn.: Improvement above Hartford, Conn ---------------------------- 102 Improvement below Hartford, Conn ---------------------------- 104 Constable Hook to Ellis Island, New York Harbor, examination and survey----------- -------------------------------------- 311 Contentnea Creek, N. C., improvement_ ______-----------___-- 538 Contingencies of rivers and harbors, estimate of appropriation---------1957 Cooper River (Creek), N. J., improvement_ ---- - ____- ______-337 Cooper River, S. C., examination and survey------------------------604 Coosa River, Ga. and Ala. : Improvement --------------------------------------------- 775 Operating and care of locks and dams -------- 7---------------- 82 Coos Bay, Harbor, and River, Oreg.: Improvement of entrance to bay and harbor--------------------1692 Improvement of river -------------------------------------- 1698 Coquille River, Oreg., improvement _________-__ Core Creek, N. C., improvement of waterway via ___________ ______-___ _ ____ - 1686 500 Core Sound, N. C., improvement of waterway to Beaufort Harbor ----- - 548 Corney Bayou, La., improvement------------------------------------ 1041 Corpus Christi, Tex., to the Mississippi River, waterway, examination and survey-_ _ __------ 918 Corpus Christi to Galveston, Tex., waterway: Aransas Pass--Corpus Christi Channel_ -___- --------------- 998 Brazos River-Matagorda Bay Channel------------------------993 Examinations and surveys_ --- ___________-_____--- 1019 Guadalupe River to Victoria, Tex_____________ ____ ___ 1004 Pass Cavallo-Aransas Pass Channel __ ________--------996 West Galveston Bay-Brazos River Canal ___-___------ - 989 Corsica River, Md., improvement-------------------------------- 415 Cote Blanche Bay, La., improvement of waterway vi_---------------- 886 Cowlitz River, Wash.: Examination and survey----------- ------------------------ 1777 Improvement-------------------------------------- ------ 1767 INDEX. XI COaft, sunken, removal of. See Wrecks. Page. Craven Shoal, New York Harbor, improvement 188 Crescent City Harbor, Calif., improvement------ - - ___ _ 1660 Orescent Lake and Dunns Creek, Fla., improvement_----- _____ - __- - 664 Crisfield Harbor, Md.: Examination and survey ----------------------------------- 443 Improvement-------------------------------------------- 436 Croatan Sound, N. C., improvement of waterway via ___ -- ____--- -- 497 Crystal River, Fla., improvement_- __ -- ___ --__________- -__ 703 Cumberland River, Ky. and Tenn.: Above Nashville, improvement ___--- ----- __-- -- - - 1164 Below Nashville, improvement------------------------------1159 Operating and care of locks and dams_--__-_ _____--- - _____ 1171 Cumberland Sound, Ga. and Fla.: Improvement---- ---------------------------------------- 648 Improvement of waterway between Savannah and Fernandina----- 619 Improvement of waterways to St. Johns River, Fla _______--- - - - 619 Current River, Ark. and Mo -------------------------------- __ 1069 Curtis Bay, Baltimore, Md., improvement of channel to ----------- __ - 405 Cutler Bayou, La., improvement ---- _-__--_ 859 Cuyahoga River, Cleveland, Ohio: * Examination and survey ------------------------------------ 1609 Improvement -------------------------------------------- 1535 Cypress Bayou, Tex. and La.: Construction of dam at foot of Caddo Lake-........ 1.016 Improvement of, including connecting lakes between Shreveport, La., and Jefferson, Tex ---------------------------------- Cypress Top Outlet, Choctawhatchee River, Fla., improvement--------- ----- 1016 754 D. Dalles-Celilo Canal, Oreg. and Wash.: Improvement --------------------------------------------- 1728 Operating and care-------------------------------------- 1741 Dams, permits for erection of_______------------------------------------- 1964 D'Arbonne Bayou, La., improvement -- ------------------------- 1041 Darien Harbor, Ga., improvement- ------------- ___ 625 Darlington, Joseph J., memorial to------------------------------- 2054 Deal Island, Md., improvement of lower thoroughfare at Wenona --------436 Debris, mine, in California ___------------__ 1846 Deep Bay, N. C., improvement of waterway to Swan Quarter Bay------- 523 Deep Creek Branch, Elizabeth River, Va., improvement of waterway via. 497 Deep Creek, Fla., improvement ____________- __-______- ______ 657 Deep River, Wash., examination and survey --------------------- 1777 Deer Island Slough, Oreg., examination and survey------------------1777 Delaware and Chesapeake Canal, Del. and Md.: Improvement-- ------------------------------------------ 371 Operating and care of canal and locks--------------------------379 Delaware Bay and River, Pa., N. J., and Del.: Breakwater and harbor of refuge in bay, improvement-------------335 Examination and survey of river-----_________________________ 337 Improvement of river at Trenton ----------------------------- 312 Improvement of river, Philadelphia to the sea__________________----316 Improvement of river, Philadelphia to Trenton------------------- 312 Lewes, Del., iron pier near, improvement------------------------334 Marcus Hook, Pa., improvement of ice harbor_____________-_____ 332 Philadelphia and Camden Harbors, improvement-------------- 31.2, 325 Waterway to Chesapeake Bay, Del. and Md.- Improvement ----------------------------------------- Operating and care of canal and locks --------------- Waterway to Chincoteague Bay, improvement ------------------- _375 379 400 Waterway to Rehoboth Bay, improvement----------------------- 398 Depere, Wis., improvement of Green Bay Harbor______---------- 1334 Derelicts. See Wrecks. Des Cannes Bayou, La., improvement _ ----------------------------- 903 Des Moines Rapids Canal and Dry Docks, Mississippi River, operating and care ---------------------------- 1099 XII INDEX. Page. Detroit, Mich., engineering district ----- ------------------------ 1458 Detroit River, Mich.: Improvement ----------------- -------------------------- 475 Improvement of channels in waters connecting Great Lakes ------ 1459 Dickinson Bayou, Tex., improvement_ -_____ ________-____-__- 975 Dismal Swamp Canal, Va. and N. C., improvement of waterway via------ 497 District of Columbia: Anacostia River, reclamation of flats-------------------------- 1989 Aqueduct Bridge across Potomac River, repair ___________ __ 1996 Aqueduct, filtration plant__----------------------------------- 2005 Aqueduct, maintenance and repair ......__.. ---------- ____ 2005 Buildings occupied by War Department-__----_---------- -- _ 2048 Executive Mansion and Office------ -------------------------- 2027 Extension of buildings beyond building lines-- ...... -------- - 2042 Georgetown Bridge, Potomac River_-................ - -_____ 2000 Improvement of Potomac River----- ... --...------------- - 443 Lincoln Memorial----------- -- --------------------------- 2046 Public buildings and grounds, and Washington Monument --------- 2020 Public property, occupation by private parties--- --------- 2039 United States Wharf property, Potomac River_- ----- ------- 2049 Water supply, increase in__----------------------------------2015 Doboy Bar, Ga., improvement ----------------------------------- 625 Dock Lines, esablishment___------------------------- 1970 Dog Island Harbor, St. George Sound, Fla., improvement __________.__. 728 Dog River, Ala., examination and survey --------------------------- 830 Dog River, Miss., improvement - - -------- 807 Dolphins, permits for erection of------ ------------------------- 1964 Dorchester Bay, Mass.: Examinat'on and survey_-------------------------------- 61 Improvement --------------------------------------------------- 50 Double Bayou, Tex., improvement -____ _______-- 9______ 956 Double Creek, N. J., examination and survey--------------------------- 404 Drawbridges: See also Bridges. Rules for opening ----------------------------------------- 1962 Drawings. See Maps and Charts. Drift, removal from New York Harbor-------------------------------- 241 Duck Creek (Smyrna River), Del., improvement-----------------___ 381 Duck Island Harbor, Conn., construction of harbor of refuge--------- 108 Duluth, Minn.: Engineering district_-------------------- 1279 Improvement of Duluth-Superior Harbor-------------------------- 1285 Dunkirk Harbor, N. Y., improvement--------------------------------1559 Dunns Creek and Crescent Lake, Fla., improvement _________---__--- 664 Dupont Bayou, La., improvement ------------------------------------- 859 Duwamish River, Wash.: Examination and survey of waterway, Seattle Harbor_____________ 1822 Improvement of east and west waterways, Seattle Harbor ---------- 1800 Improvement of Puget Sound and tributaries--------------- ------- 789 E. East Bay Bayou, Tex., improvement_--------------------- 956 East Bay, Fla., improvement of waterways via_ 46 7---------------- East (Ambrose) Channel, New York Harbor, N. Y., improvement-. - 1 88 East Chester Creek, N. Y.: Examination and survey -------------------------------------- 275 Improvement ---------------- 148 Eastern Bay, Claiborne Harbor, Md., improvementL _ ---- 417 Eastern Branch, Elizabeth River, Va., improvement_ -------------------- 467 East Norwalk Harbor, Conn., improvement---------------------------- 126 East Pass, Carrabelle Harbor, Fla., improvement ----- ------ 728 East Pearl River, Miss., improvement--------------------------------- 824 East River, Brunswick Harbor, Ga., improvement----------------------- 644 East River, N. Y., improvement, including Coenties Reef---------------- 210 Echo Bay Harbor, N. Y., improvement --------------------------- 145 INDEX. XIII Electrical power : Page. Mississippi River between St. Paul and Minneapolis, Minn---------- 1112 Niagara River, N. Y., control and regulation - 2077 Survey of the United States__ ___-_-___--_-___- 1969 Tennessee River, Elk River Shoals to Florence, Ala .-------------- 1210 Elizabeth River, N. J., improvement_------------------------ 288 Elizabeth River, Va.: Examination and survey ------------------------------------ 518 Improvement of Norfolk Harbor, including Eastern, Southern, and Western Branches ---------------------------------------- 467 Improvement of waterways to sounds of, North Carolina via Pasquo- tank River --------------------------------------------- 497 Elk River, Md., improvement_____ __------------------------------------ 414 Elk River Shoals Canal, Ala., operating and care-------------------1210 Elliot Bay, Wash., improvement of Duwamish River and east and west waterways - ----------------------------------------------- 1800 Enfield Rapids, Connect cut River, Conn., improvement_------------ 102 Engineers, the Board of, for Rivers and Harbors__ -- --------- 12 English Bay, St. Paul Island, Alaska, examination and survey -------- 1827 English Kills, Newtown Creek, N. Y., improvement ------ -_ 224 Ericsson Memorial_ -------------------------------------------- 2052 Erie and Miami Canal, examination and survey -------------------- 1268 Erie Basin, N. Y., improvement of channel in Lake Erie ___-- Erie Harbor, Pa.: ____ 1571 Examinations and surveys ------- 1268 Improvement ------------------------------ 554 1--------------- Erie, Lake: Black Rock Harbor, improvement of entrance to----------------- 1571 Channels in waters connecting Great Lakes, improvement---------- 1459 Examination and survey of Miami and Erie Canal, and routes be- tween Ohio River and1--------------- ------------------- 268 Surveys, charts, etc., of northern and northwestern lakes---------- 2063 Water levels ------------ _ --------------------------- ------ 2063 Escambia River, Fla., improvement ------------------------------- 763 Escanaba Harbor, Mich., examination and survey------------------- 1423 Essington Channel, Pa., examination and survey----- ------------ 337 Estherville-Minim Creek Canal, S. C., improvement_____ ________- 586 Estimates of appropriations required: Examinations, surveys, and contingencies---------------------- 1957 Miscellaneous civil works___________ ___-------------------------------------- 1960 Rivers and harbors, etc_-------------------------------------- 12 Roads, bridges, and trails in Alaska-------------------------2084 Eureka, Calif., improvement of channel in front of______-------- 1655 Everett Harbor, Wash.: Examination and survey_______________------------------- 1822 Improvement------- ---------------------------------- 1808 Examination of rivers and harbors, estimate of appropriation for __-- 1957 Executive Mansion and office, Washington, D. C., maintenance and repair of-- ------------------------------------------ 2027 Expenditures, rivers and harbors-____ _-------------- 4 Experimental towboats, board on--------------------------- 1956 F. Fairhaven Harbor, Mass.: Examination and survey------------------- 137 Improvement__ ----------- -- ------ 67 Fairport Harbor, Ohio, improvement----------------------------- 1541 Falia, Bogue, La.: Examination and survey--------------------------------- 918 Improvement------ ------------------------------------ 848 Fall River Harbor, Mass., improvement___------- --------- - 69 Falls of Ohio River, Louisville, Ky., improvement- - ------------- 1212 Fancy Bluff Creek, Ga., improvement ________ ------------ 627 Fausse Pointe Lake, La., canal from Grand Bayou to Sandy Point, ex- amination ' and survey-----. ---------------------------------- 918 XIV INDEX. Feather River, Calif.: Page Improvement ---------- ---------------------------------- 168' Work of California Debris Commission -------------------- - 1845 Fernand:na Harbor, Fla.: Examination and survey ----------------------------------- 651 Improvement --------------------------------------------- 648 Improvement of waterways to Savannah, Ga------------------- 619 Fighting Island Channel, Detroit River, Mich., improvement ---------- 1475 Filtration plant, Washington Aqueduct, D. C ------ __-------_ 2005 Fishing Creek, N. C., improvement- ..... ______-- - - - - _ 527 Fish traps, or weirs, permits for construction----__-----__- _____ - 1964 Flint River, Ga., improvement ----------------------------------- 739 Flood control: Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota, examination and sur- vey of boundary waters---- ------------------------------ 1132 On Mississippi River -------------------------------------- 1860 --------------------------------1853 On Sacramento River, Calif Florence, Ala., engineer ng district ----- Florida, removal of water hyacinths from waters of State----- - _ - _- _--- 1199 724, 827, 915 Flushing Bay and Creek, N. Y.: Examinations and surveys-- ------------------------------- 275 Improvement------------- ------------------------------- 162 Fore (Weymouth) River, Mass., improvement_-- -------- __------50 Fore River, Portland, Me., improvement____- - - - - - 22 Fortescue Creek, N. J., examination and survey---------------- 404 Fort George River, Fla., improvement of waterway via _________-___ 619 Fort Pierre, S. Dak., improvement of Missouri River at---------------1144 Fort Point Channel, Boston Harbor, Mass., improvement-------------- 30 Four Mile Creek, S. C., examination and survey 604 Fox River, Wis.: Examination and survey__------ -------------------------- 1423 Improvement---- ------------------------------------- 1338 Improvement of Green Bay Harbor ------------------------- 1334 Operating and care of locks and dams- __---___-- 1380 Foys Flats, N. C., improvement of Trent River at--------------------540 Frankfort Harbor, Mich.: Examination and survey------------ ---------------------- 1423 Improvement_ -------------------------- 1416 Franklin, La.: Improvement of waterway to Mermentau -------------------- 886 Operating and care of Schooner Bayou Lock 899 Vermilion River to Schooner Bayou, La., improvement ----- -- _ 889 Freeport Harbor, Tex., improvement---- ------------------------- 980 French Broad River, Tenn.: Examination and survey-----------------------------------1199 Improvement --------------------------------------------- 1191 French Creek, Pa., examination and survey via---------------------1268 Fresh Kills, Staten Island, N. Y., examination and survey------------- 311 Front River, Ga., improvement of Sapelo Harbor 23 6--------------- G. Galena River, Ill.: Operating and care of lock and danm_ --------------------- 1105 Operating snag and dredge boat_- ---------------------- --- 1104 Galveston and Sabine section of Inland Waterway, Tex., examination and survey ----------------------- --------- -------------------- 1019 Galveston Bay and Harbor, Tex.: Examinations and surveys--------------------------------- 1019 Improvement of channel across Hanna Reef, Ladies Pass---------- 956 Improvement of Galveston Channel----------- - ----- 934 Improvement of Galveston-Texas City Channel__- _____------ --- 941 Improvement of harbor entrance----------------------------- 930 Improvement of Port Bolivar Channel-------------------------- 944 Improvement of waterway to Houston- ----------------------- 947 Improvement of West Bay------------------------------------- 989 Galveston, Tex.: engineering district ---------------------------- 918 INDEX. XV Galveston to Corpus Christi, Tex., waterway: Page. Aransas Pass-Corpus Christi Channel-------------------------- 998 Brazos River-Matagorda Bay Channel--, 993 Guadalupe River to Victoria, Tex_--- ___1___ ___--- _-__ 1004 Pass Cavallo-Aransas Pass Channel-_- __-- __------------ 996 West Galveston Bay-Brazos River Canal ----------------------- 989 Gasconade River, Mo., improvement----- -------------------- 1154 Gastineau Channel, Alaska, examination and survey---------------- 1827 Gauging: Mississippi River and principal tributaries____ __-___-----__- 1125 Northern and northwestern lakes, level ------------------------ 2063 Gedney Channel, New York Harbor, N. Y., improvement-------------- 188 Genesee River, Charlotte Harbor, N. Y., improvement---------------- 1584 George, Lake, channels in waters connecting Great Lakes, improvement__ 1459 George, Lake, St. Johns River, Fla., improvement___________________ 661 Georgetown Harbor, D. C.: Bridge across Potomac River at --- __-____________________ Improvement of Potomac River at_------- - _ 2000 443 Georgetown Harbor,- S. C., improvement --------------------------- 577 Glencove Creek, N. Y., examination and survey ___________________ 275 Gloucester Harbor, Mass., improvement---------------38 Goose Creek, Tex., examination and survey----------------------- 1020 Gowanus Creek Channel, New York Harbor, N. Y.: Examination and survey_----_ ------------------------------- 275 Improvement ---------------------------------------------- 207 Grand Calumet River, Ill. and Ind., improvement___________________ 1436 Grand Haven Harbor, Mich., improvement___________________________ 1397 Grand Lake, Mermentau River, La., improvement--------------------903 Grand Marais, Mich., improvement of harbor of refuge1____--_____ 1314 Grand Marais, Minn., improvement of harbor -__---___---__-_____- 1279 Grand Rapids, Wabash River, lock and dam, operating and care-------- 1269 Grand River, Fairport Harbor, Ohio, improvement____- ___-_-____- 1541 Grand River, La., improvement ___________________________ 867 Grand River, Mich.: Improvement_------------------------------------------_ -- 400 Improvement of Grand Haven Harbor--- ----------- 1397 Grant, Gen. Ulysses S., memorial to-----------------------------2050 Grants Pass, Ala., improvement of waterway via 89 7---------------- Gravesend Bay to Jamaica Bay, N. Y., examination and survey of water- way from--------------- i ------------------------------------ 275 Grays Harbor, Wash.: Improvement between Aberdeen and the entrance_________________ 1785 Improvement of entrance __----------- - ----------------- 1782 Grays River, Wash., improvement--- -------------------- 1782 Great Kills, Staten Island, N. Y., examination and survey--_____ --- 311 Great Lakes: Channels in water connecting, improvement_---__ --------- _ 1459 Commercial statistics, Sault Ste. Marie Canals, Mich 481 _ 1___________ Control and regulation of waters of Niagara River and preservation of Niagara Falls --------------------------------------- 2077 Examination and survey of Miami and Erie Canal, branch canal to Lake Michigan, and other routes between Lake Erie and Ohio River ------------ ------------------------------------- 1268 Surveys, charts, etc., of northern and northwestern lakes---------- 2063 Water levels ---- ------------------------------------------- 2063 Great Peedee River, S. C., improvement ______----- -------------- 583 Great Salt Pond, Block Island, R. I., improvement_-.----------------- 89 Great Sodus Bay, N. Y.: Examination and survey- _________--- ---- --------------- 1609 Improvement of harbor_____ ----------------------------- 1588 Great South Bay, N. Y.: Examination and survey of channel to Peconic Bay_---------------275 Improvement --------------------------------------------- 176 Green Bay Harbor, Wis.: Examination and survey-----------------___---------------- 1423 Improvement ----------------- -------------------------- - 1334 Green Jacket Shoal, Providence River, R. I., removal- -- ----- 77 XVI INDEX. Page. Green River, Ky., operating and care of locks and dams---- ________ 1272 Greenwich Harbor, Conn., improvement--------------- ------------- 133 Grosse Pointe Channel, Lake St. Clair, Mich., improvement -- _______--1471 Grossetete Bayou, La., improvement--------------------------- - 871 Grounds, public, District of Columbia ---------------- 2020 Guadalupe River, Tex., improvement from Victoria to Aransas Pass- Pass Cavallo Channel-------------- ------------------------ 1004 Guilford Harbor, Conn., examination and survey__-________________ 136 Gulfport Harbor, Miss., improvement of channel to Ship Island Harbor__ 811 Gull Lake, Minn., reservoir dam: Construction_1------------- -------------------------------- 120 Operating and care_______ ____ _ _____----------1124 Gunnisons Cut, improvement of waterway via __ - - ________-____- -- 619 H. Hackensack River, N. J., improvement-- -- ----------- 276 Hales Bar lock and dam, Tennessee River, operating and care ---.--- - 1189 Hampton Roads, Va., improvement of approaches to Norfolk Harbor.... 467 Hanna Reef, Ladies Pass, Tex., improvement of channel --------------- 956 Hanson Canal, improvement of waterway via------------------------886 Harbor Beach, Mich., harbor of refuge, improvement__- __--__-____- 1496 Harbor,Cove, Gloucester, Mass., improvement -- ________-____- 38 Harbor Island and Port Aransas, Tex., to Rockport, examination and survey of channel_--------------------------------1019 Harbor Island Harbor, Tex., improvement------------------------- 1004 Harbor lines, establishment-------- 1970 Harbors and rivers. See Rivers and harbors. Harlem (Bronx) Kills, N. Y., improvement------------------------229 Harlem River, N. Y.: Examination and survey------------------------------------ 275 Improvement --------------------------------------------- 229 Harris County, Houston Ship Channel Navigation District, contribution of funds for Galveston-Houston Channel, Tex 948 Hat Slough, Puget Sound, Wash., construction of dike at------------- 1789 Havre de Grace, Md., improvement of Susquehanna River at------------ 412 Hawaiian Islands: Hilo Harbor, improvement--------- ------------------------ 1834 Honolulu Harbor, improvement_ -_____ _________------ 1828 Kahului Harbor, improvement _______-_________--_--__-- 1831 Nawiliwili Harbor, improvement ----- --- --- -- _ 1836 Hawaii engineering district ------------------------------------ 1827 Hay Lake Channel, St. Marys River, Mich.: Improvement -- ----------------------------- ___ 1459 Improvement of channels in waters connecting Great Lakes-------- 1459 Hell Gate, East River, N. Y., improvement-------------------------210 Hempstead Harbor (north shore of Long Island), N. Y., improvement___ 165 Hennepin Canal (Illinois and Mississippi Canal), Ill., operating and care_ 1106 Herefort Inlet, N. J., examination and survey_________ ___________--404 Herring Bay, Md., examination and survey ______________----------443 Highway bridges, Potomac River, Washington, D. C.: Aqueduct Bridge, repairs__ _____------------------_ 1996 Georgetown Bridge, construction___---------------------- 2000 Highways. See Roads. Hillsboro Bay and River, Fla.: Examination and survey------------------------------------ 727 Improvement_______---- ----------- 710 Hilo Harbor, Hawaii: Examination and survey-----------------------------------1840 Improvement ------------- ----------------------------------- 1833 Hiwassee River, Tenn., improvement-----------------------------1197 Holland Harbor, Mich., improvement --------------------------- 1393 Holmes River, Fla., improvement--------------------------------- 757 Honolulu, Hawaii: Engineering district .------------------------------- 1827 Improvement of harbor------------------------ 1828 INDEX. XVII Page. Hoquarten Slough, Tillamook Bay, Oreg., improvement________1713 Hoquiam River, Wash., improvement __- -_____----__- 1787 Horn Island Harbor and Pass, Miss., improvement_ __-__-______--_ 807 Hoskins Creek, Va., examination and survey____________-__-- - - -___ 466 Hospital Point, Norfolk Harbor, Va., removal-- - 467 Housatonic River, Conn., improvement___- -- - -- 118 Houston to Galveston ship channel, Tex., improvement ______--- - __-- 947 Hudson River, N. Y.: Examinations and surveys--_..___--275 Improvement above New York___________________________--_ 254 Improvement at New York ---------------------------------- 234 Peekskill Harbor, improvement ____ ___---- -_____ 244 Roundout Harbor, improvement ----------------------------- Saugerties Harbor, improvement_ ,Tarrytown Harbor, improvement _____ ____---__ ------------------------------ 242 _-249 252 Troy lock and dam, operating and care ______-- __________---. 262 Humboldt Bay and Harbor, Calif., improvement -------------------- 1655 Huntington Harbor, N. Y.: Examination and survey ------------------------------------ 275 Improvement_ ---------- -168 Huntington, W. Va., engineering district ------------------------ -1246 Huron Harbor, Ohio, improvement ------------------------------- 1525 Huron Lake: Channels in waters connecting Great Lakes, improvement 1459 Surveys, charts, etc_______-------------------------------------- 2063 Water levels --------------------------------------------- 2063 Hutchinson River (East Chester Creek), N. Y., improvement-----------148 Hyacinths, water, removal: From Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas waters--------827, 915 From Florida waters---------------- ---- 724, 827, 915 Hydraulic mining in California --------------------------------- 1846 Hydraulics. See Water levels. Hydrology. See Water levels. I. Illinois and Mississippi Caral, Ill.: Examination and survey ------------------- - -- 1111 Operating and care--------------------------------------- 1106 Illinois River, Ill. : Examinations and surveys---------------------------------- 1458 Improvement-- ------------------------------------------ 1450 Operating and care of locks and dams --------------------- 1.456 Operating snag boats and dredge boats------------------ 1104, 1457 Indiana Harbor, Ind., improvement--------------------------- 1.442 Indian River, Fla., improvement------------- ______ _670 Inland waterways. See Canals and Waterways. Inside routes. See Canals and Waterways. Insular possessions : Honolulu, Hawaii, engineering district ------- __-_- ___ 1827 Porto Rico engineering district----------------------------- 1840 International Association of Congresses of Navigation _______________ 1955 International Joint Commission, survey of St. Lawrence River---------2073 Intracoastal railways. See Canals and Waterways. Irondequoit Bay, N. Y., examination and survey -- --------- 1609 Islais Creek, San Francisco, Calif., examination and survey----------- 1666 Istokpoga Creek, Fla., improvement of Kissimmee River- -- ___--___ 685 J. Jackson River, Fla., improvement of waterway via------------------- 746 Jacksonville, Fla.: Engineering district 51 6---------------- Examination and survey of waterwvay to Miami, Fla------------ 727 Improvement of St. Johns River opposite-_ __------------ 652 Jacksonville, N. C., improvement of waterway to Beaufort---- ------- 550 XVIII INDEX. Jamaica Bay, N. Y.: Page. Examinations and surveys --------------------------------- 274 Improvement ---- -181 James River, Va., improvement ------- -------------------------- 480 Jefferson-Shreveport Waterway, La. and Tex., improvement,---------. 1016 Jekyl Creek, Ga., improvement of waterway via ----------------- T_- 619 Johnsons Bayou, La., improvement_ -------------------------------- 28 Johnsons Creek, or River, Conn., improvement__- - __--------121 Jordan River, Miss., improvement-- ------------------------- 822 Judiciary Park, Washington, D. C., replacement of Lincoln Statue... 2052 Judith Point, R. I., construction of harbor of refuge------------------- 85 Juneau, Alaska, engineering district--------------- 1.822 K. Kahului Harbor, Hawaii.: __-- Examination and survey---------- -- _-___ --- -- _- 1840 Improvement------------------- ---- -------------- 1831 Kalamazoo River, Mich., improvement ---- -------------- _____ 1389 Kampsville Lock and Dam, Illinois River, Ill., operating and care------- 1456 Kanawha River, W. Va.: Examination and survey---------- ----------------------- 1259 Operating and care of locks and dams --------------- ____ 1252 Kansas City, Mo., engineering district_____---------------- - 1132 Kansas River, Kans., improvement_____----- ------ __-_ 1148 Kenosha Harbor, Wis., improvement .---------- _____ -- - _____-- 1376 Kentucky, River, Ky.: Improvement -------------------------------------------- 1264 Operating and care of locks and dams________________________ 1267 Keokuk (Des Moines Rapids) Canal and Dry Dock, Mississippi River, operating and care ----------------------------------------- 1099 Kewaunee Harbor, Wis., improvement ___ - - - - __ -- ____---1352 Keweenaw Canal, across Keweenaw Point, Mich. (Keweenaw Bay-Lake Superior waterway), improvement--- ------------------------- 1302 Key Bridge, Potomac River at Georgetown, D. C., construction ------ 2000 Keyport Harbor, N. J., improvement________- ______________ __ 301 Keystone Lock, Bayou Teche, La., operating and care__________________ 880 Key West Harbor, Fla., improvement _____- ___________- ______ 680 Kiamichi River, Okla., improvement--_______- __-_ _--1014 Kill Van Kull, N. Y. and N. J.: Examination and survey ---------------------------------------- 310 Improvement of Staten Island-New Jersey Channels ------------- 283 Kings County, Wash., improvement of Lake Washington Canal by------- 1803 Kingsley Cut, Fla., improvement of waterway via--__ ____ ___ __--619 Kinnickinnic River, Wis., improvement of Milwaukee Harbor----------1368 Kissimmee River, Fla., improvement 85 6---------------- Kuskokwim-Yukon Portage, Alaska, examination and survey _ 1827 L. Lacombe Bayou, La., examination and survey ______________-----___ 918 La Conner, Wash., improvement of Swinomish Slough_______________ 1813 Lafourche Bayou, La., improvement------------------------------- 862 La Grange Bayou, Fla., improvement _______---- ____----- -- __- _ 770 Lagrange Lock and Dam, Illinois River, Ill., operating and care-------- 1456 Lake Champlain, improvement of narrows______-------------------- 263 Lake Charles, La., to the Sabine River, Tex. and La., through the Cal- casieu River, examination and survey----- ------------- ------- 918 Lake of the Woods, Minn., improvement of Zippel Bay--------------- 1321 Lake Pontchartrain, La., improvement_ __ 846 Lakes, Great : Channels in waters connecting improvement_______---__-------- 1459 Commercial statistics, Sault Ste. Marie Canals, Mich ________---1481 Control and regulation of waters of Niagara River and preservation of Niagara Falls-----_ --------------------------- 2077 Examination and survey of Miami and Erie Canal, branch canal to Lake Michigan, and other routes between Lake Erie and Ohio River ______-- _ _____--- -- _-------- _- 1268 INDEX. XIX Lakes, Great-Continued. Page. Surveys, charts, etc ------------------------------------ 2063 Water levels--------- ----------- 2063 Lake survey ------------------------------------------------ 2063 Lake Washington Canal, Wash.: Improvement of waterway to Puget Sound ______.---- - - -__- 1803 Operating and care of waterways to Puget Sound ___________-__-1821 Lake Washington, Miss., improvement-----------------------------1053 Lake Worth Inlet, Fla., examination and survey_____ -______---___ 727 L'Anguille River, Ark., improvement __---- 1071 La Trappe River, Md., improvement------------------------- 422 Lavaca Bay, Tex., improvement of channel from Pass Cavallo to Port Lavaca------- ------------------------------------------ 1002 Le Claire Canal, Iowa, operating and care------------ ------------- 1102 Leech Lake Reservoir, Minn.: Construction ------------------------------------- 1120 Operating and care ------------------------------------- 1124 Leech River, Minn., improvement, including upper Mississippi River__ 1117 Lee Slough, Apalachicola River, Fla., improvement---------- --------- 733 Leipsic River, Del., improvement ------------------------------- 384 Levels, water. See Water levels. Levisa Fork, Big Sandy River, Ky.: Improvement----- --------------------------------------- 1255 Operating and care of locks and dams------------------------- 1258 Lewes, Del., pier in Delaware Bay, near_ .. __.______-_____-- -_____ 334 Lewis River, Va., examination and survey---------------- 404 Lewis River, Wash., improvement_---- ------------ Lincoln Memorial, District of Columbia--------------------------- __-- _ 1764 2046 Little Annemessex River, Md., improvement of Crisfield Harbor-------- 436 Little Calumet River, Ill. and Ind., improvement 1436 Little Elk River, Md., improvement --------------------------------414 Little Kanawha River, W. Va., operating and care of locks and dams.... 1249 Little Mud River, Ga., improvement of waterway via---_______----- 619 Little Narragansett Bay, R. I. and Conn., improvement __ _____-----92 Little Pigeon River, Tenn., improvement -- __-__-- ______-_1191 Little River, Del., improvement--------------------------------- 386 Little Sarasota Bay, Fla., improvement --------------------------- 696 Little Sodus Bay, N. Y., improvement of harbor--------------------1592 Livingstone Channel, Detroit River, Mich., improvement__ ____-----1475 Locklies Creek, Va., improvement----------------------------------465 Log booms, permits for construction__ -------- 1964 Long Beach Harbor, Calif.: Examination and survey___ -------------------- 1619 Improvement of channel to Los Angeles Harbor----------------- 1613 Lookout Cape, N. C., improvement of harbor of refuge 58 5---------------- Lorain Harbor, Ohio, improvement------------------------------ 1531 Los Angeles, Calif.: Engineering district-------------------------- 1609 Examinations and surveys ------- -------- ------- 1619 Improvement of harbor----- ----------------------------- 1613 Louisiana, State of, removal of water hyacinths from-------------827, 915 Louisville and Portland Canal, Ky.: Enlargement---------- -------------------------------- 1212 Operating and care------ ---------------------------- 1228 Louisville, Ky., engineering district_ __------ --- __-__--1268 Lower Chipola River, Fla., improvement ------------------------ 733 Lower Thoroughfare, Wenona, Deal Island, Md., improvement----------- 436 Ludington Harbor, Mich., improvement--- ------------------------- 1408 Lynn Harbor, Mass., improvement- --------------------------------- 43 M. McClellanville, S. C., improvement of waterway to Charleston 593 ----------- Macdonough Memorials, Lake Champlain, N. Y. and Vt--------------2105 Mackinac Harbor, Mich., improvement----- _____- - 1483 Macon Bayou, La., improvement__----------- -- 1032 61637--ENG 1923-134 XX INDEX. Page. Main ship channel, New York Harbor, N. Y., improvement_-------------- 188 Malden River, Mass., improvement ------------------------------- 49 Mamaroneck Harbor, N. Y., improvement-----------------------1_ 41 Manasquan Inlet, N. J., examination and survey--------------------- 311 Manatee River, Fla., improvement-------------------------------- 718 Manchac Bayou, La.: Examination and survey------------------------------------- 918 Improvement 55 8---------------- Manchac Pass, La., improvement------------- -------------------- 851 Manistee Harbor and River, Mich., improvement---------------------1412 Manistique Harbor, Mich., improvement --------------------------- 1328 Manitowoc Harbor, Wis., improvement ______ __---- __ 1359 __------- Manteo Bay, N. C., improvement---------------------------------- 521 Mantua Creek, N. J., improvement ___------- ------ ------------------- 341 Maps and charts, northern and northwestern lakes------------------- 2063 Marcus Hook, Pa., improvement of ice harbor at--------------------- 332 Mare Island Strait, Calif.: Examination and survey-------------------------------------- 1666 Improvement -_.------- _- --- _------------ - - 1635 Marquette Bay and Harbor, Mich.: Construction of harbor of refuge in bay --- 1------------------ Improvement of harbor_ --- ----------- ----- - - 1310 Marshyhope Creek, Md., improvement ------------------------------ 428 Matagorda Bay, Tex.: Examination and survey ---------------------- 1019 Improvement of channel from Pass Cavallo to Aransas Pass --------- 996 Improvement of channel to Brazos River------------------------ 993 Matawan Creek, N. J.: Improvement ---------------------------------------------- 03 Improvement of Keyport Harbor ---------------------------- 301 Mattaponi River, Va.: Examination and survey--------- ---------------------------- 467 Improvement--------------------------------------------- 459 Mattituck Harbor, N. Y., improvement--------------------- ------ 173 Mattox Creek, Va., examination and survey------------------------- 467 Maumee Bay and River, Ohio, improvement of Toledo Harbor---------- 1513 Maurice River, N. J., improvement -------------------------- 355 Meade, Gen. George Gordon, memorial to-------------------------- 2053 Meherr n River, N. C., improvement ------------------------------ 510 Memorial statues, etc. See Statues, memorials, etc. Memphis Harbor, Tenn., improvement by Mississippi River Commission- 1860 Memphis, Tenn., engineering district----------------------------- 1056 Menominee Harbor and River, Mich. and Wis.: Examination and survey----------------------------------- 1422 Improvement - ----------------------------------------- 1331 Menomonee River, Wis., improvement of Milwaukee inner harbor-------- 1368 Meridian Hill Park, D. C., improvement---- --------------------- 2028 Mermentau River, La.: Examination and survey--- ---------------------------- 918 Improvement, including tributaries- -------------------------- 903 Improvement of waterways from Vermilion River to Schooner Bayou- 889 Improvement of waterway to Calcasieu River------------------- 891 Improvement of waterway to Franklin___ ------------------ 886 Improvement of waterway to Sabine River- ---------------- 891 Operating and care of Schooner Bayou Lock ------------------- 899 Merrimack River, Mass., improvement------------------------- - 27 Miami and Erie Canal, Ohio, examination and survey------------- 1268 Miami Harbor, Fla.: Examinations and surveys- ----------------------- ------- 726 Improvement -------- --- ------------------------- 675 Michigan City Harbor, Ind., improvement__---------------------- - 1446 Michigan, Lake: Canal to Sturgeon Bay, improvement_______------------------- 1346 Channels in waters connecting Great Lakes, improvement---------- 1459 Examination and survey of Miami and Erie Canal, and branch canal to ---------------------------------------------------- 1268 INDEX. XX! Michigan Lakes--Continued. Page. Illinois and Mississippi Canal, operating and care --------------- 1106 Surveys, charts, etc------------------------------------- 2063 Water levels -------------------------------------------- 2063 Middle Neebish Channel, St. Marys River, Mich., improvement----------1459 Milford Harbor, Conn., improvement ------------------------------ 116 Milford Haven Harbor, Va., examination and survey------------ 466 Mill Creek and South Slough, Ill., examination and survey---------- -1111 Mill Creek or River, Conn.: Improvement of New Haven Harbor--------------------------- 112 Improvement of Stamford Harbor---- ...---------------- 130 Mill Cut, North Harlowe, N. C., examination and survey-------------- 576 Milton Harbor, N. Y., examination and survey-----------------------275 Milwaukee, Wis.: Engineering district -------------------------------------- 1327 Improvement of inner and outer harbors--------------- 1--------368 Minim Creek-Estherville Canal, S. C., improvement_-.- ----------- 586 Mining, hydraulic, in California___-- --- 1846 Minnesota, examination and survey of boundary waters --------- 1132 Minnesota River, Minn.: Improvement -------------------------------------------- 1127 Operating snag and dredge boats---------------------------- 1104 Miscellaneous civil works: Duties 1----------------- 1957 Estimates for -------------------------------------------- 1960 Mispillion River, Del., improvement--- -----.. -- ------ 393 Mississippi River: Electrical-power development between St. Paul and Minneapolis. 1111 Examinations and surveys-- At Dallas City and Nauvoo, Ill---------------------------1111 At St. Paul, Minn---------- ___------ ----- 1132 For an outlet to deep water in the Gulf of Mexico ------------ _ 918 Head of Passes to headwaters (Mississippi River Commission)__ 1860 South Pass ------------------------------------------- 843 Waterway from New Orleans, La., to Corpus Christi, Tex., ex- amination and survey------------ --------------------- 918 Gauging, including tributaries, at or near St. Paul, Minn---------- 1125 Improvement above Minneapolis-- Brainerd to Grand Rapids----------------- ----------- 1115 Leech and Mississippi Rivers-----------------------------1117 Reservoir dams at headwaters----1-----------120 St. Paul to Minneapolis_--------------------------------- 1112 Improvement from Minneapolis to M'ssouri River-.--. __-----1089 Improvement from Minneapolis to mouth of Missouri River--------- 1089 Improvement from Minneapolis to mouth of Wisconsin River-__---_ 1n11 Improvement from Missouri River to Ohio River-----------------1079 Improvement from Ohio River to Head of Passe&-- Cubits Gap to Head of Passes---------------------------831 Head of Passes to Ohio River (Mississippi River Commission)__ 1860 Improvement of Memphis Harbor, Miss. (Mississippi River Commis- sion) - -------------------- 1860 Improvement of Passes of Mississippi River- South Pass ------------------------------------------ 839 Southwest Pass, including shoals between Cubits Gap and Head of Passes, and dredge construction__----------- -------- 831 Improvement of waterway to Bayou Teche, La___--___-__--- 883 Improvement of waterway to Sabine River ______------______ 883 Levees, Head of Passes to Cape Girardeau, Mo-------------------1860 Operating and care-- Illinois and Mississippi Canal____--_ 10 1----------------- Keokuk (Des Moines Rapids) Canal and Dry Dock-------- 1.099 Le Claire Canal, Iowa------------------------ 11.02 Moline, Ill., lock at------------------------------------ 1100 Reservoir dams at headwaters---------------------------- 1124 Snag and dredge boats above Missouri River------------1104, 1457 Snag boats below Missouri River ---------------------- 1085 Twin City Lock and Dam ----------------------- - -1123 Towboats, experimental, for use on ----------------------- 1956 XXII INDEX. Mississippi River Commission : Page. Flood protection by_ --------------------------------------- 1860 Improvement of Mississippi River by . . ..-------------------------- 1860 Mississippi Sound, Miss. and Ala.: Gulfport Ship Island Channel and Ship Island Pass, improvement 811 Horn Island Harbor improvement 07 8--------------- Horn Island Pass, Miss., improvement -___ -___ s________ 807 Improvement of channel to Mobile Bay ___- _-__ ___-__-___- - 789 Mississippi, State of, removal of water hyacinths from waters of ._ 827, 915 Missouri River : Contributions from private agencies for improvement------------ 1134 Examinations and surveys ---------------------------------- 1158 General --- ---------------------------------------------- 1133 Kansas City to mouth, improvement 1----------------- Kansas City to Sioux City, improvement ______ ___--____- -1140 Sioux City to Fort Benton, improvement----------------------- 1144 Mobile, Ala., engineering district ------------------------------ 783 Mobile Bay and Harbor, Ala.: Examination and survey------------------------------------830 Improvement of channel to Mississippi Sound ----- _____--- _---789 Improvement of harbor and bar-----------------------------784 Mobile River, Ala., and tributaries, removing the water hyacinth ------- _ 27 Mokelumne River, Calif., improvement_--------------- - " 1675 Moline Harbor, Ill.: Improvement of Mississippi River between Missouri River and Minne- apolis, Minn----- ---------------- 089 1----------------- Operating and care of lock____---------___---------------- 1100 Monongahela River, W. Va. and Pa.: Improvement----------- ----------------------------- 1232 Operating and care of locks and dams------------------------- 1237 Monroe Harbor, Mich., improvement___ ------------- 1510 Monroe Lake, St. Johns River, Fla., improvement ____-- ___-----_ 661 Monterey Harbor, Calif., improvement__ ---- 653 1----------------- Montesano, Wash., improvement of Chehalis River at__ --- --------- 1785 Montgomery, Ala., engineering district 727 __ ___------------------ Montrose Park, D. C., maintenance and improvement---------------- 2029 Monuments, statues, etc. See Statues, memorials, etc. Morehead City Harbor, N. C., improvement---_ ---------------------- 553 Mormon Channel, San Joaquin River, Calif., improvement ----------- 1672 Morris Cove, New Haven Harbor, Conn., improvement---------------112 Mount Desert, Bar Harbor, Me., construction of breakwater------------- 18 Mud Lake, Mermentau River, La., improvementS__--------------- 903 Mud River, Ga., improvement of waterway via___--------- __------ 619 Mud River, S. C., improvement of waterway via 19 6--------------- Mulberry Creek, Va., examination and survey_______------------------- 467 Mulberry Fork of Warrior River, examination and survey------------830 Multnomah Channel (Wllamette Slough), Oreg., improvement -_-- - 1754 Murderers Creek, N. Y., examination and survey_____________-------- 274 Murderkill River, Del., improvement_____---------------------- 390 Muscle Shoals Canal, Tennessee River, Ala., operating and care------- 1210 Muscle Shoals Nitrate Plants, Tennessee River-____-------------------- 1205 Muscle Shoals, Tennessee River, Dam No. 2, improvement-1---------- 205 Muskegon Harbor and River, Mich.: Examination and survey---------------------------------- - 1422 Improvement_------------------- ------------------- 1402 Muskingum River, Ohio, operating and care of locks and dams ------- 1246 Mystic River, Conn., improvement-------------------------------- 95 Mystic River. Mass.: Examination and survey--------- ---------------------------- 61 Improvement----------------------- --------------------- 46 N. Nansemond River, Va., improvement ----------------------------- 492 Nanticoke River, Del. and Md., improvement-- ------------------- 428 Nantucket Harbor, Mass., construction of harbor of refuge--------- 64 Nantucket Sound, Mass., improvement of Pollock Rip Channel-----_ - 62 INDEX. XX III Page. Napa River, Calif., improvement ._ .--- ---.. ----- ------- _ 1644 Narragansett Bay, R. I., improvement-----------77 Narrows of Lake Champlain, N. Y. and Vt., improvement-------------- 263 Nasel River, Wash., improvement ..... -. 1777 Nashville, Tenn., engineering district_ .---------- __-- ------------- 1158 Nassau Sound, improvement of waterway via----.------ ----- 619 Natalbany River, La., improvement-- -------------------------- 853 Navesink (North Branch of Shrewsbury) River, N. J., improvement-. 306 Navigable waters. See Bridges; Rivers and harbors; and Wrecks. Navigation, Congresses of, Permanent International Association-.----- 1955 Nawiliwili Harbor, Hawaii, improvement--._------ --------. 1836 Neches River, Tex., improvement of Neches-Sabine Canal ------------- 919 Neebish Channels, St. Marys River, Mich., improvement ._______- _____ 1459 Nehalem Bar and Bay, Oreg., improvement------------------------1717 Nemadji River, Wis., improvement of Duluth-Superior Harbor .------- 1285 Neponset River, Mass.: Exam:nation and survey------------------------------------ --- 61 Improvement------------------------------------------ 50 Neuse River, N. C., improvement- ___. ___-----__ _---- - - 532 Newark Bay, N. Y. and N. J.: Examinations and surveys - ----------------- 310 Improvement---------------------------------- -------- 276, 283 New Bedford Harbor, Mass.: Examination and survey-- -- __--------------- _______-- 137 Improvement ---------------------- ------ ------ 67 Newbegun Creek, N. C., improvement----------- ------------------ 515 New Haven Harbor, Conn.: Constrution of breakwaters _____----__-__-__-115 Improvement by dredging, etc_____________ ______ -____... 112 New Jersey and New York Channels, improvement ------------------ 283 New Jersey-Staten Island Channels, N. Y. and N. J., improvement------ 283 New London Harbor, Conn., improvement __---__---96 New Orleans, La., engineering district -------------------------- 830 Newport Bay, Calif., examination and survey----------------------- 1619 Newport Harbor, R. I.: Examination and survey__--------------------------------- 137 Improvement ---------------------------- 74 Newport News, Va.: Examination and survey of channel to Old Point---------------- 517 Improvement of channels to----------------------------------476 Newport River, N. C., improvement of waterways between Beaufort and New River-------------------------------------------------550 New River, N. C.: Improvement -------- ----------------------------------- 550 Improvement of waterways to Swansboro and Beaufort ------------ 550 New Rochelle Harbor, N. Y., improvement ------------------------- 159 Newtown Creek, N. Y., improvement ------- 224 New Whatcom (Bellingham) Harbor, Wash., improvement of Whatcom Creek waterway -------------------------------------------- 1816 New York and New Jersey channels, improvement ---------------- 283 New York Bay and Harbor, N. Y.: Ambrose Channel, improvement__------------------------- _ 188 Arthur Kill, improvement---------------------------- 283 Battery, the, removal of shoal in Hudson River off Pier A.------ 234 Bay Ridge Channel- Examination and survey- ----------------------------- 275 Improvement - --------- ----------- ----- 200 Bayside Channel, improvement-- ---------------------- ------- 188 Bronx River, improvement-------------------------------__- 154 Buttermilk Channel, improvement-----------_----------------- 204 Channel, Staten Island-Hoffman and Swinburne Island-- -------- 188 Coenties Reef, removal------------------------------------------ 210 Coney Island Channel, improvement --------------- ------- _ 198 Constable Hook to Ellis Island, examination and survey----------- 311 Craven Shoal, improvement---------------------- ------ 188 Drift, collection and removal-- ---------------------------- 241 XXIV INDEX. New York Bay and Harbor, N. Y.-Continued. Page. East (Ambrose) Channel, improvement--__------------------- 188 East Chester Creek, improvement-----------.-----------------148 East River, improvement, including Coenties Reef---- 210 Examinations and surveys----- ---------- -------------- 275, 311 Flushing Bay- Examinations and surveys --------------------------- 275 Improvement---------- ------------------------------- 62 Gedney Channel, improvement..--------- ---- ----- 188 Gowanus Creek Channel, improvement------------------------- 207 Harlem River, improvement ------------------------------- 229 Hell Gate, East River, improvement--------------------------- 210 Hudson River Channel, improvement----- ---- ----------- 234 Hutchinson River (East Chester, Creek), improvement-------------148 Kill Van Kull, improvement.------------- --- ---- 283 Main Ship Channel improvement------------------ ----------- 188 Narrows to the sea, improvement ..------------------ 188 New Jersey-Staten Island Channels, improvement---------------- 283 Newtown Creek, N. Y., improvement-------------------------- 224 North (Hudson) River, improvement_ --------- ------ ___- _ 254 Red Hook Channel, improvement ---------------------------- 200 Shooters Island Channel, improvement __ - -------------- 283 Spuyten Duyvil Creek, improvement _......--------------- - 229 Staten Island-Hoffman Island-Swinburne Island Channel ------------. 188 Staten Island-New Jersey Channels, improvement ----------------- 283 Staten Island Sound, improvement -- ---------- ---------- 283 Supervision----------------------- ---------------------- 1976 New York engineering districts: First ----- ------------------------------------------- 137 Second ----------------------------------- ----- 276 Monuments, erection of in first district------------ ----------- 2104 Nezpique Bayou, La., improvement------------- -------------- 903 Niagara Falls: Preservation of Falls and permits for water power diversions----. 2077 Supervision for the Federal Power Commission_------ - - 2080 Supervision of power companies----- ----------------------- 2077 Niagara River, N. Y.: Black Rock Channel and Tonawanda Harbor, improvement ---------- 1571 Buffalo Harbor, improvement__-----------__-______- ---- 1563 Control and regulation of water of, and preservation of the Falls__. 2077 Examination and survey----------- ------------------ ------ 1609 Improvement---- ----------------------- -------------- 1577 Supervision of power companies at the Falls------ ------------- 2077 Surveys, etc---------------------------------------------2063 Nitrate plants, Muscle Shoals, Tennessee River -----------.-- 1205 Nome Harbor, Alaska, improvement --------------------------- 1822 Nooksak River, Wash., improvement of Puget Sound and tributaries .. 1789 Norfolk Harbor, Va.: Examinations and surveys -------------------------------- 518 General improvement, including main channel of Elizabeth River, and portions of Southern, Eastern, and Western Branches-------- 467 Improvement of channels to Newport News------ --------------- 476 Improvement of Thimble Shoal----- ------------------------- 474 Improvement of waterway to Beaufort Inlet-_--------- -------- 500 Improvement of waterway to sounds of North Carolina (to Pamlico Sound) via Pasquotank River----------------------------- 497 Operating and care of waterway to Beaufort Inlet, N. C------------ 506 Norfolk, Va., engineering district------------------------- ----- 467 North Carolina Cut, N. C., improvement of waterways via------------ -500 North Carolina Sounds, improvement of waterway to Norfolk, Va---- -- 497 North Dakota, examination and survey of boundary waters ---------- 1132 Northeast River, Md., examination and survey-----------------------443 Northeast River, N. C., improvement------------------------------ 569 Northern and northwestern lakes: Channels in waters connecting Great Lakes, improvement---------- 1459 Commercial statistics, Sault Ste. Marie Canals, Mich-_.------ 1481 Control and regulation of waters of Niagara River and preservation of Niagara Falls ------------------------------------- 2077 INDEX. XXV Northern and northwestern lakes-Continued. Page. Surveys, charts, etc----......------------------ ------ ------- 2063 Water levels---------- ----------------------------------- 2063 North Landing River, Va. and N. C., improvement of waterway via_--__ 500 North River, N. C., improvement of waterway via--------------------500 North (Hudson) River, N. Y., improvement------------------------ 254 North River, Wash., improvement-- ----------------------------- 1777 Northwest Fork of Nanticoke River, Md., improvement-------------.. 428 Norwalk Harbor, Conn., improvement----------------------------- 126 Norwich Harbor, Conn., improvement of Thames River-----------------99 Noyo River, Calif., improvement--------------------------------- 1665 0. Oak Bay to Port Townsend Bay, Wash., waterway, improvement.------- 1791 Oakland Harbor, Calif., improvement -------------------------- 1626 Oak Orchard Harbor, N. Y., examination and survey- ------------- .609 1 Occoquan Creek, Va., improvement__------------------------------- 450 Ocmulgee River, Ga., improvement -------------------------------- 640 Oconee River, Ga., improvement ---------------------------------- 637 Ogdensburg Harbor, N. Y., improvement ------------------------- 1604 Ohio River: Examination and survey of Miami and Erie Canal, etc-------------1268 Examination and survey to Erie Harbor, Pa-- --------------- 1268 Falls at Louisville, Ky., improvement at---------------------- 1212 General improvement (open-channel work) --------------------- 1260 Ice piers-.__--.-...-_ _.------------_ -- 1260 Locks and dams, construction-...-------------- --------------- 1212 Locks and dams, operating and care------------------------- 1228 Louisville and Portland Canal, Ky., enlargement.------------- - 1212 Louisville and Portland Canal, Ky., operating and care_----- --- 1228 Snag boats, operation-..... ----------- ------ 1263 Surveys--------------- -- ------------- 1212 Oklawaha River, Fla., improvement-------------------------------666 Olcott Harbor, N. Y.: Examination and survey-- -------------------------------- 1609 Improvement _ _.__1582 Improvement---------------------------------------------582 Oldmans Creek, N. J., improvement------------------------------- 346 Old Point, Va., examination and survey of channel to Newport News... 517 Old River (present mouth of Red River), La., removing snags and wrecks--------------------- ----------------------------- 1085 Old River, Wash., improvement.------- -------------------- 1808 Olympia Harbor, Wash., improvement----------------------------- 1795 Onancock River, Va.: Examination and survey_------ -------------- - -518 Improvement ---------------------------------------------- 495 Ontario Lake: Channels in waters connecting Great Lakes, improvement ---------- 1459 Surveys, charts, etc--------- ----------------------- ----- 2063 Water levels--- --------------------------------------- 2063 Ontonagon Harbor and River, Mich., improvement---- -------------- 1299 Orange Mills Flats, St. Johns River, Fla., improvement---------------- 657 Orange River, Fla., improvement- 6---------------- 692 Oregon Slough, Oreg., examination and survey -------------- 1777 Osage River, Mo.: Improvement------------------------------------------ 1150 Operating and care of lock and dam----- --------------------- 1157 Oswego Harbor, N. Y., improvement--------- ----------------------- 1595 Ouachita River, Ark. and La.: Improvement----------------------------- 1024 Operating and care of locks and dams ------------------ 1-----031 Oyster Creek, N. J., examination and survey------------------------ 404 Oyster Creek, Tex., improvement ---------------------------- 980 P. Pagan River, Va., improvement----- ---------------------------- 489 Pamlico River, N. C., improvement ..-----.------------ 524 XXVI INDEX. Pamlico Sound, N. C.: Page. Improvement of waterway to Beaufort Inlet___----- 500 Improvement of waterway to Norfolk, Va _______-- __________-_ 497 Pamunkey River, Va., improvement ____-------___ 462 Parks, public, District of Columbia, improvement and care- __---____- 2020 Pascagoula Harbor and River, Miss.: Improvement of harbor __________________--_--- - - - - -__ _ 807 Improvement of river above mouth of Dog River-__ ------------ 817 Pasquotank River, Va.: Examination and survey ------------------------------------ 518 Improvement of waterway via -- __________-____--- - - -497 Passaic River, N. J.: Examination and survey-----------------------------------311 Improvement --------------------------------------------- 276 Pass Cavallo, Tex.: Improvement of channel to Aransas Pass ___________----- 996 Improvement of channel to Port Lavaca ------------------------1002 Passes of Mississippi River, improvement ___________------- - - 831 Pass Manchac, La., improvement ------- -------------------------- 851 Patapsco River, Md., improvement of Baltimore Harbor and Channels __ 405 Patchogue River, N. Y., improvement ------------------------- 176 Pawcatuck River, R. I. and Conn.: Examination and survey----------------------------- ------- 136 Improvement-------------------------------- ------------ 92 Pawtucket (Seekonk) River, R. I., improvement- ------------------- -82 Peace River, Fla., improvement ---------------------------- 693 Pearl River, Miss., improvement of East Pearl River-- --- ______- __--824 Peconic Bay, N. Y., examinations and surveys-----------------------275 Peedee, Great, River, S. C., improvement 83 5---------------- Peekskill Harbor, N. Y., improvement ---------- -- --- -- 244 Pensacola Bay and Harbor, Fla., improvement of harbor---------------- 766 Pequonnock (Poquonock) River, Conn., improvement ______________-- 121 Pere Marquette Lake, Ludington Harbor, Mich., improvement---------- 1408 Permanent International Association of Congresses of Navigation------ 1955 Permits: For construction of bridges_ ------------------------------- 1963 For diversion of water from Niagara River, N. Y., and for transmis- sion of electrical power from Canada -------.- _____-2077 For private structures and operations in navigable waters----------1964 Petaluma Creek, Calif., improvement ------------------------- - 1646 Petersburg, Va., improvement of Appomattox River___--- 485 Petoskey Harbor, Mich., examination and survey- ----- 1423 Philadelphia, Pa.: Engineering district_------------------------------ 311 Improvement of Delaware River at--------------------------- 312 Pierhead lines, establishment 970 1----------------- Pierre, Fort, S. Dak., improvement of Missouri River at-------------- 1144 Piers, permits for construction- 1----------------- Pigeon Bayous, La., improvement ________-------------------867 Pine Bluff, Ark., improvement of Arkansas River at___----- - - 1057 Pine Lake and River (Charlevoix Harbor), Mich., improvement--------- 1418 Pine River Reservoir, Minn.: Construction_ --------------------------------------------- 1120 Operating and care--------------------------------------- 1124 Piney Branch Parkway. See Rock Creek Park and Piney Branch Park- way. Pinole Shoals, Calif., examination and survey-----------------------1666 Piscataway Creek, Va., examination and survey--. ---------------------- 466 Pittsburgh, Pa., engineering district___---------------------- ---- 1231 Plaquemine Bayou, La.: Improvement ------------------- -- ---------- ----- 867 Operating and care of lock and dam in ------------------ 878 Plaquemine Bruld Bayou, La., improvement ------------------- 909 Plattsburg Harbor, N. Y., improvement -------------------------- 269 Plymouth Harbor, Mass., improvement----------------------------- 54 Pocahunt Creek. N. C., examination and survey---------------------- 518 Pocomoke River, Md., improvement - -------------------- 440 INDEX. XXVII Page. Point Isabel, Tex., improvement of Brazos Island Harbor------ 1010 Point Judith, construction of harbor of refuge----------------- 85 Pokegama Reservoir, Minn.: Construction-------- ------- ---------------- ------------ 1120 Operating and care---------------------- ----------------- 1124 Pollock Rip Channel, Mass., improvement -- __62 ---------- Ponce Harbor, Porto Rico, examination and survey ------- -__------- 1845 Ponchatoula River, La., improvement of Tickfaw River ______________853 Pontchartrain Lake, La., improvement---- ----------------- 846 Poquonock River, Conn., improvement_ - _---------------------- 121 Porcupine Island, Bar Harbor, Me., construction of breakwater--- ------- 18 Portage Lake and Lake Superior canals, Houghton County, Mich., im- provement ------------------------------------------------- 1302 Portage River, Ohio, improvement of Port Clinton Harbor-------------1517 Port Aransas, Tex.: Examination and surveys ---- ------ 1019 _--------------__ Improvement ------------- -------------------------------- 1004 Improvement of Harbor Island Harbor ____-------- ----------- 1004 Port Arthur Canal, Tex., improvement___ -------------- 919 Port Bolivar, Tex., improvement of channel to----------------------- 944 Port Chester Harbor, N. Y., improvement------------------ ------ 138 Port Clinton Harbor, Ohio: Examination and survey----------- --------------- ---------- 1520 Improvement 1517 Port Gamble Harbor, Wash., improvement -------- --------------- 1793 Port Henry Harbor, N. Y., improvement_ -- __------- ___------272 Port Huron, Mich., improvement of Black River at ----------------- 1499 Port Jefferson Harbor, N. Y., improvement____--- ---- - - -- 170 Portland and Louisville Canal, Ky.: Enlargement --------------------------------------------- 1212 Operating and care ------------------------------ 1228 Portland Harbor, Me., improvement -------------------------------- 22 Portland, Oreg., engineering districts: Examinations and surveys ---------------------------------- __ 1777 First------------------- ------------------------------ 1686 Second ------------------------------------ ------------- 1743 Port Lavaca, Tex., improvement of channel to Pass Cavallo--- 1002 Port Orchard Bay, Wash., examination and survey- ------------- 1822 Porto Rico: Engineering district _______-----___------------ 1840 Examination and survey of Ponce Harbor-- --------------- 1845 Improvement of San Juan Harbor- --- ---- 1840 Port Royal (Beaufort) River, S. C., waterway between Beaufort, S. C., and Savannah, improvement--------- -------------------------- 619 Port Townsend Bay to Oak Bay, Wash., waterway improvement ----- __ 1791 Port Washington Harbor, Wis., improvement _____---------_______ 1365 Port Wing Harbor, Wis., improvement ---------------------------- 1292 Potomac Park, Washington, D. C.: Improvement --------------------------------------------- 2030 Parkway to connect with Zoological and Rock Creek Parks ______- 2044 Potomac River: Aqueduct Bridge, Washington, D. C., repair-------------------1996 Bridge at Georgetown, D. C., construction Improvement at Alexandria, Va.__.__ ---- ___________--______- - ____________-- - - - - 2000 448 Improvement at Washington, D. C.-----------------------------443 Power companies at Niagara Falls, N. Y., supervision of--------- 2077 Power, water : Black Warrior River, Ala., at Dam 17-----------------------__ 791 Mississippi River, dam between St. Paul and Minneapolis, Minn.... 1112 Niagara River, N. Y., control and regulation__---------- 2077 Tennessee River, Elk River Shoals to Florence, Ala_---- -- __ 1200 Presque Isle Harbor, Marquette, Mich., improvement---- ----------- 1308 Presque Isle Peninsula, Erie, Pa., improvement____-- __----- ---- 1554 Private structures and operations in navigable waters, permits for... 1964 Propagating Gardens, District of Columbia, care and maintenance of.... 2047 XXVIII INDEX. Providence Harbor and River, R. I.: Pase. Improvement ---------------------------------------------- 77 Improvement of Pawtucket (Seekonk) River-------------------82 Removal of Green Jacket shoal----------- ------ -------------- 77 Providence, R. I., engineering district----------------------------- 61 Provincetown Harbor, Mass., improvement-- ---------.---------.- 58 Public buildings and grounds, District of Columbia---------------- 2020 Public Buildings Commission------.-------------------------- 2056 Puget Sound, Wash.: Examination and survey of, and tributaries-_..........-- .. - 1822 Improvement of, and tributaries...----------------------------- 1789 Improvement of Lake Washington Canal,---------------------- 1803 Operating and care of Lake Washington Canal- - -------------- 1821 Purification of water supply of Washington, D. C.- -------------- 2005 Puyallup River, Wash.,: Examination and survey---- ----- - --------------------- 1822 Improvement of Puget Sound and tributaries ------......-.- - 1789 Improvement of Tacoma Harbor------- ----------------------. 1797 Q. Queenstown Harbor, Md., improvement.----------------- ----------- 416 Queue de Tortue Bayou, La., improvement_--__- ,-.----------- 906 Quinnipiac River, New Haven, Conn., improvement -----.. -- - 112 R. Raccoon Creek, N. J., improvement------------------------------- 344 Racine Harbor, Wis., improvement--------- --------------------- 137 Raisin River, Mich., improvement of Monroe Harbor- ... _ _- _ __--. 1510 Rappahannock River, Va., improvement ----------------- -------- 454 Raritan Bay and River, N. J.: Examinations and surveys -------------------- --------- 311 Improvement of bay ------------------------------ 283 Improvement of river------ 293 Red Cross, memorial to women of Civil War to be used by 2051 Red Hook Channel, New York Harbor, N. Y., improvement -------- 200 Red Lake and Red Lake River, Minn., improvement_------------ 1130 Red River, La., Ark., Tex., and Okla.: Cypress Bayou and lakes to Jefferson, Tex., improvement ..--------- 1016 Examination and survey--------------------- ------------ 1868 Improvement above Fulton, Ark., to mouth of Washita River ----- 1014 Improvement below Fulton, Ark---------------------- -1020 Jefferson-Shreveport waterway, improvement ------------------- 1016 Rectification of mouth by Mississippi River Commission-----------.1860 Red River of the North, Minn., and N. Dak., improvement---- ---- 1129 Redwood Creek, Calif., improvement---------------------------- 1624 Regulations and rules: For anchorage grounds- -.------------------------- 1962 For floating loose timber and logs, etc------ ----------------- 1961 For navigation of canals-------------------------- ------ 1961 For openings of drawbridges ------------------------------- 1962 For target practice__-------------------------------- 1961 Rehoboth Bay, Del., waterway to Delaware Bay, improvement---------- 398 Reservations, public. See Parks. Reservoirs: Mississippi River headwaters- Construction ----------------------------------------- 1120 Operating and care_-------_ ------------- -_-------- 1124 Tidal Reservoir, Potomac River, D. C------------------------ 443 Washington Aqueduct, D. C- ------------------- ---- ------ 2005 Richmond Harbor, Calif., improvement -------------------------- 1630 Richmond Harbor, Va., improvement of James River----------------- 480 Rigault Bayou, La., improvement____--- __----------------------859 Rio Grande, Tex., examination and survey_--- __---_---- ------ 1020 INDEX. XXIX Rivers and harbors: iage. Allotments and transfers under river and harbor acts of March 4, 1915, March 2, 1919, June 5, 1920, March 1, 1921, and War De- partment appropriation acts of June 30, 1922, and March 2, 1923__ 6 Allotments under War Department appropriation acts of June 30, 1922, and March 2, 1923----------------------------------- 7 Appropriations for operations during the past year----------.------- 3 Appropriations to be applied where funds are not adequate--------.. 3 Board of engineers for-- ------------ -------------------- 12 Bridges, construction and alteration---------------------- --- 1963 Bridges, regulations for opening of draws-..... - 1962 Contingencies, estimate for--------------------------------- 1957 Contributed funds for improvement of__ -------------------- 6 Estimate of appropriations for ------------ ___ __------------- 12 Expenditures during the past year_ --- ---------------- - 4 Harbor lines, establishment--------------------------------- 1970 Regulations for establishment of anchorage grounds -------------- 1962 Regulations for floating loose timber and logs, etc--------- ------- 1961 Regulations for navigation of canals ------------------------- 1961 Regulations for opening of drawbridges---------------------- 1962 Regulations for target practice----------------------------- 1961 Structures other than bridges, permits for erection--------------- 1964 Roads in Alaska, Board of Commissioners for-... . ------------- 2084 Roanoke River, N. C., improvement----- ------------------------- -512 Rock Creek Park and Piney Branch Parkway, D. C.: Improvement and maintenance--- --- .----------- ------- 2034 Parkway to connect with Zoological and Potomac Parks----------- 2044 Rockhole Creek, Md., examination and survey----------------------- 443 Rock Island, Ill., engineering district -------- ------------------ 1088 Rockland Harbor, Me., improvement _ ----------------- .--.----- 20 Rockport, Tex., examinations and surveys at___------------------------ 1019 Rock River, Ill. and Wis.: Illinois and Mississippi Canal, operating and care--------------- 1106 Operating snag boats and dredge boats_..--- - ------- 1104 Rogers City Harbor, Mich., improvement-- - .--- -_-- ---- 1487 Romerly Marsh, Ga., improvement of waterway via 619 Rondout Harbor, N. Y., improvement__-__---- _------- -- 252 Root River, Wis., improvement of Racine Harbor -------- - -- 1373 Rouge River, Mich., improvement-----_-------- -- 1505 Rough River, Ky., operating and care of lock and dam---- 1276 Round Lake, Charlevoix, Mich., improvement---- ---------------- - 1418 Rules and regulations: For anchorage grounds ----- --------------- 1962 For floating loose timber and logs, etc----------_------------ 1961 For navigation of canals--9----------------- -- - 1961 For opening of drawbridges --- 6--------------- 162 For target practice-----------------___-_____ _ 1961 S. Sabine and Galveston section of Inland Waterway, Tex., examination and survey------------------------ ------------------------ 1.020 Sabine-Neches Canal: Contributions for improvement----- - ----- - 922 Examination and survey ------------ ---------------- 1020 Improvement----------------------------------------- 919 Sabine River, Tex.: Examination and survey----------------------------------- 918 Improvement of Sabine-Neches Canal __--------- -- --- -- 919 Improvement of Sabine Pass Harbor------------------------- 919 Improvement of waterway from Vermillion River to Schooner Bayou, La-------- ------------------------------------------- 889 Improvement of waterway to Calcasieu River, La__-- __________ - 894 Improvement of waterway to Mermentau River, La-------------- 891 Improvement of waterway to Mississippi River ------------------- 8&3 XXX INDEX. Saco Harbor and River, Me.: Page. Examination and survey------------- ---------- 61 Improvement of river------- -------------------------------- 25 Sacramento River, Calif.: Alleviation of debris by California Debris Commission____--- 1853 Examinations and surveys----- ----------------------------- 1686 Flood control by California Dbbris Commission -------------- 1853 Improvement----------- ---------- 1677, 1853 Saginaw River, Mich.: Examination and survey -----------------------------------1520 Improvement-------- ------------------------------------ 1493 St. Andrews Bay, Fla.: Improvement of bay--- ------- - ------ - - - - 750 Improvement of channel to Apalachicola River------------------ 746 St. Clair Flats Canal, Lake, and River, Mich.: Improvements of channels in Lake St. Clair--------------------1471 Improvements of channels in waters connecting the Great Lakes-.. 1459 Improvement of river ---------- 467 1--------------- St. Croix River, Me., improvement---------------- 16 St. Croix River, Wis. and Minn.: Improvement ------------------ ------------------------ 1125 Operating snag boats and dredge boats----------------- ------ 1104 St. Denis Bayou, La., improvement----------- ------------------- 859 St. Franicis River, Ark.: Examination and survey-- -------------------------------- 1078 Improvement-- ---------------------------------------- 1071 St. George Sound, Fla., improvement of Carrabelle Harbor -------------- 728 St. John Bayou, La., examination and survey --------------------- 918 St. Johns River, Fla.: Examinations and surveys------- ------------------- 727 Improvement at Jacksonville --------------------------------- 652 Improvement between Jacksonville and Palatka, including Orange Mills Flats and Deep Creek --------------------------------- 657 Improvement between Palatka and Lake Harney ------------- - 661 Improvement, Jacksonville to the ocean ---------------------- -- 652 Improvement of Volusia Bar and between Volusia Bar and Lake Monroe --- ---------------------------------- 661 Improvement of waterway to Beaufort, S. C ------------------ 619 Improvement of waterway to Cumberland Sound-------- -------- 619 St. Jones River, Del., improvement.-------------------------------- 388 St. Joseph Bay, Fla., improvement of entrance---___-------------- 748 St. Joseph Harbor and River, Mich.: Improvement of harbor ---------------------------------- 1381 Improvement of river-------- ------------------------------ 1384 St. Lawrence River : Board of Control to control the operation of the St. Lawrence Power Co --------------------------------------------------- 2082 Survey from Montreal to Lake Ontario for International Joint Com- mission ----- -------------------------------------- 2073 St. Louis Bay and River, Minn. and Wis., improvement _____-__-__-- 1286 St. Louis, Mo., engineering district --------------------------- 1078 St. Lucie Inlet, Fla.: Examination and survey ---------- 7 27------------- Improvement------ ---------------------------------- ----- 673 St. Marys River and St. Marys Falls Canal, Mich.: Channels in waters connecting the Great Lakes, improvement- .. 1459 Commercial statisics ------------------------------------- 1481 Improvement of river at the falls, including Hay Lake and Neebish Channels--- --------------------------------------- 1459 Operating and care of canal___------------------- 1481 Surveys, etc---------------------------- 2063 St. Marys River, Ga. and Fla., improvement------------------------631 St. Paul Island, Alaska, examination and survey of English Bay-------- 1827 St. Paul, Minn.: Engineering district --- ---------------------------- 1111 Gauging Mississippi River at_--- __---------------------- __ 1125 INDEX. XXXI St. Petersburg Harbor, Fla.: Page. Examination and survey__ ______ 727 Improvement -------------------------------- 20 7------------- Salem Harbor, Mass., improvement---- --------- ____ --- ______-- 43 Salem River, N. J.: Examination and survey __------------------------------------ 404 Improvement -----...--- 348 Saline River, Ark., improvement ___- Salmon Bay, Wash.: __________ ___________- __-- 1039 Improvement of Lake Washington Canal_ -__- __ -- __-_____- 1803 Operating and care of Lake Washington .Canal____-- --- 1821 Sampit River (Georgetown Harbor), S. C., improvement--______ San Antonio Bay, Tex., improvement of waterway via __--___-- _____-577 __-- 996 Sandbeach (Harbor Beach), Mich., improvement of harbor of refuge .. 1496 San Diego Harbor, Calif., improvement ________________-- Sandusky Harbor, Ohio, improvement _ __- _____________ ___ ---- 1609 1520 1_____- Sandy Lake Reservoir, Minn.: Construction_ Operating and care__--_______ _____-___ __-__--- - --- -___ 11.20 1124 San Francisco Bay and Harbor, Calif.: Engineering districts--- F'rst--------- 619 1----------------- Second ------ Examination and survey _ -------------------------- ------------ 1667 1666 Improvement by removal of rocks __ ______ 1620 Improvement of Oakland Harbor--__ __ _____-__-__-____1626 San Jacinto River, Tex., improvement of waterway via ------- __-_---_ 947 San Joaquin River, Calif.: Examinations and surveys____-______-____-_-_.-- 1686 Improvement ----------------------- ------- ------ _- 167 Improvement of Stockton and Mormon Channels ------------ _ 1672 Work of California D6bris Commission- --------------- --_- 1845 San Juan Harbor, P. R., improvement---------- _ 1840 San Leandro Bay, Oakland Harbor, Calif., improvement- __-__- - __- 1626 San Pablo Bay, Calif., improvement-___ ____-- - 1635 San Pedro Bay and Harbor, Calif.: Construction of deep-water harbor_ -------- ------ 1-------- 1613 Improvement of Wilmington inner harbor ___ ____---- _______1613 San Rafael Creek, Calif., improvement____ ___------------------ 1650 Santa Rosa Sound, Fla., improvement of the Narrows__________ ___ 759 Santee River, S. C., improvement -------------------------------- 586 Sapelo Bar and Harbor, Ga., improvement 6---------------- -623 -Sarasota Bay, Fla.: Examinat'on and survey --------------------------------- 727 Improvement 69-------------- Satilla River, Ga., improvement 28 6------- Saugatuck Harbor, Mich., improvement ------------------ 1389 Saugatuck River, Conn.: Examination and survey ---------------------- -------- _-__ 137 Improvement____------------------------------------------- 126 Saugerties Harbor, N. Y., improvement ---------------------------- 249 Saugus River, Lynn Harbor, Mass., improvement __------------------ 43 Savannah, Ga., engineering district __-_--------------- ----- 605 Savannah Harbor and River, Ga.: Examinations and surveys___________--------------- 651 Improvement of harbor----------------------------- ------ 605 Improvement of river above Augusta___-- __--------------616 Improvement of river at Augusta ---------------- 14 6----------- Improvement of river below Augusta_----- --------- 611 Improvement of waterway to Beaufort, S. C --------------- _--- Improvement of waterway to Fernandina, Fla__-___--------- Saybrook Harbor, Connecticut River, Conn., improvement ------------ - _ 619 619 104 :Schooner Bayou, La.: Improvement of waterway to Vermilion River__----- ------------- 889 Operating and care of lock --------------------- __- -------- 899 Schuylkill River, Pa., improvement___-------------- 328 XXXII INDEX. page. Scott Point, Tennessee River, Ala., lock and dam at Hales Bar, operating and care---- --------------------------------------------- 1189 Scuppernong River, N. C., improvement-----------------------------519 Searcy Creek, Fla., imnprovement of waterway via------------------- 746 Seattle Harbor, Wash. : Examination and survey of Duwamish waterway-------------- 1822 Improvement of Duwamish River and east and west waterways ... 1800 Seattle, Wash., engineering district____- ---------------- --- 1777 Seekonk (Pawtucket) River, R. I., improvement_---------------- 82 Shallotte River, N. C., improvement-_------ ___-____ - _ 575 Shallowbag Bay, N. C., improvement ------------------------ 521 Shaws Cove, New London, Conn., improvement-_____-____-__-__-- 96 Sheboygan Harbor, Wis.: Examination and survey ---------------------------------- 1423 Improvement --------------------------------------------- 1362 Sheepshead Bay, N. Y., improvement _________-- - - - - 186 Sheffield Island Harbor, Conn., improvement of Norwalk Harbor,-------- 126 Ship Island Harbor and Pass, Miss., improvement of pass and channel to Gulfport ------------- ------------------------------------ 811 Shipyard River, S. C., examination and survey----------------- --- -604 Shoal Harbor, N. J., improvement______-__-__-_ ______------------304 Shooters Island Channel, N. Y., and N. J., improvement 283 Shreveport, La., to Jefferson, Tex., improvement of waterway 1016 Shrewsbury River, N. J.: Examination and survey_________________--____________311 Improvement ------ ------------------------------------- 30 Silitz River, bar and entrance, Oreg., examination and survey----------1743 Silver Springs Run, Fla., improvement ----------------------------- 666 Sisfers Creek, Fla., improvement of waterways via ------------------ 619 Siuslaw River, Oreg., improvement---.------------------------ 1701 Skagit River, Wash.: Examination and survey --------- .--------- . ----- 1822 Improvement - -------------------------------------------- 1810 Improvement of Puget Sound and tributaries- --.-------------- 1789 Skamokawa Creek, Wash., improvement ------- ______-______ - 1769 Skidaway Narrows, Ga., improvement of waterways via- ________ - 619 Skykomish River, Wash., improvement of Puget Sound and tributaries__1789 Slack-water systems. See Canals and Waterways. Slaughter Creek, Md., improvement --- ------- ---------------- 427 Smiths Creek, N. C., improvement --------------------------------- 535 Smyrna River, Del., improvement_------- ---------- -- __________ 381 Snake River, Idaho, Oreg., and Wash.: Examinations and surveys---------------------- 1------------742 Improvement --------------------------------------------- 1734 Snohomish River, Wash.: Examination and survey ------------------------------ 1822 Improvement ----------- 80 1------------------ Improvement of Puget Sound and tributaries------------------ 1789 Snoqualmie River, Wash., improvement of Puget Sound and tributaries_ 1789 Soda Lake, La., improvement of waterway via ___________________ 1016 South Chicago Harbor, Ill., improvement-------- ------------- 1436 South Dakota, examination and survey of boundary waters-----------, 1132 Southern Branch, Elizabeth River, Va., improvement------------------- 467 South Haven Harbor, Mich., improvement-- ------------------------- 1386 South Pass., Mississippi River: Examinations and surveys --- -------- 843 Maintenance of channel_______--------------- ------------------ 839 South River, N. C., improvement------ --------------------------- 528 South River, N. J., improvement------ --------------------- 296 South Slough and Mill Creek, Ill., examination and survey ___ __ 1111 Southwest Baltimore, Md., improvement at Spring Garden_ ---------- - 405 Southwest Pass, Mississippi River, improvement, including shoals be- tween Cubits Gap and Head of Passes, and dredge construction-------- 831 Spring Garden, Baltimore, Md., improvement of harbor at-------------- 405 Spuyten Duyvil Creek, N. Y., improvement.----------------- -------- 229 Stamford Harbor, Conn., improvement-- ---------------- - 130 INDEX. XXXIII Page. Staten Island-New Jersey Channels, improvement --- 283 Staten Island Sound (Arthur Kill), N. Y. and N. J., improvement------- 283 Statues, memorials, etc.: Abraham Lincoln Memorial ___----------------------2046, 2052 Arlington Memorial Amphitheater and Chapel --------- __ 2051 Arlington Memorial Bridge ---- __-______- ----- __ _- 2050 In public grounds, Washington, D. C--------------------------2047 Macdonough memorials, Lake Champlain, N. Y. and Vt ----- 2105 Memorial, The Women's Titanic-------------------------------- 2052 Memorial to Edmund Burke _----------------------- ------ 2052 Memorial to the dead of the First Division, A. E. F., in the World War, 2053 Memorial to Francis Asbury----------- --------------------- 2054 Memorial to Gen. George Gordon Meade-----------------------... 2053 Memorial to Gen. Ulysses S. Grant_ -__------------------- 2050 Memorial to John Ericsson ----- _.___-_------------2052 "---- Memorial to Joseph J. Darlington ---------------------------- 2054 Monument and wharf at Wakefield, Va--.. ---------- - - 2049 Monuments outside the District of Columbia-__- __----------- 2104 Red Cross, memorial to women of Civil War, to be used by--------. 2051 Washington Memorial Building _____--- __ - -___ ___- 2055 Washington Monument------------------------ 2045 Steele Bayou, Miss., improvement __- ___ - -______ _____ - 1053 Stilaguamish River, Wash., improvement of Puget Sound and tributaries- 1789 Stockton Channel, San Joaquin River, Calif.: Lfiamination and survey ----------------------------------- 1686 Improvement --- ------ ----------------------------------- 1672 Stonington Harbor, Conn---------------------------------------- 95 Structures in navigable waters, permits for private structures and opera- tions-1--- -------------------------------------------------. 964 Sturgeon Bay and Lake Michigan Canal, Wis., improvement ----------- 1346 Suisun Bay Channel, Calif., improvement_......__ ___------------- 1639 Suisun Creek or Channel, Calif., improvement____----------- -___ 1642 Sulphur River, Ark. and Tex., improvement-_----------------------1010 Summer Harbor, Me., examination and survey __--------61 Sunflower River, Miss., improvement of Big Sunflower River-------- .. -- 1048 Sunken craft, removal of. See Wrecks. Superior Bay and Harbor, Wis., improvement of Duluth-Superior Harbor 1285 Superior, Lake : Channels in waters connecting Great Lakes, improvements...--------- 1459 Keweenaw Bay-Lake Superior waterway, Mich., improvement ------ 1302 Surveys, charts, etc--------- --- --------------------- 2063 Water levels -- _____--___ _______-_ 2063 Supervision of New York Harbor, N. Y 1976 Surface levels. See water levels. Surveys: Electric power, of the United States -------------- - - 1969 Of Northern and Northwestern Lakes______________------__ 2063 Of rivers and harbors, estimate of appropriation for-- 1957 Ohio River ---------------------------------------------- 1212 Susquehanna River, Pa. and Md.: Examination and survey, Harrisburg to the mouth----------------443 Improvement ---------------------------------------------412 Suwannee River, Fla.: Examination and survey----------------------------------- 727 Improvement --------------------------------------------- 707 Swan Quarter Bay to Deep Bay, N. C., improvement of waterway------- 523 Swansboro, N. C., waterway to New River and Beaufort, improvement-.. 550 Swift Creek, N. C., improvement___-------------- 536 Swinomish Slough, Wash., improvement----- -------------------- 1813 T. Tacoma Harbor, Wash., improvement---------- 1797 Tallahatchie River, Miss.: Examination and survey - -_-1-------------- 1056 Improvement -- - ----- ------ 1045 XXXIV INDEX. Tampa Bay and Harbor, Fla.: Page. Examination and survey 27 7---------------- Improvement ---------------------------------------------- 710 Improvement of channel to Clearwater Harbor______ ______ ___ 698 Improvement of Hillsboro Bay and River--___--- 710 Tangier Channel, Va., improvement_--_ 441 Target practice, regulations for the protection of life and property in Tar River, N. C., improvement_ _____- _____- - -__ -- 1961 524 Tarrytown Harbor, N. Y., improvement ----------------------------- 242 Taunton River, Mass., improvement------------------------------- 71 Teche Bayou, La.: Examination and survey--- __-____--_____-_ 918 Improvement _ __---------------------------------------------- 873 Improvement of waterway from Franklin to Mermentau _______-886 Improvement of waterway from Vermilion River to Schooner Bayou_ 889 Improvement of waterway to Mississippi River_______________-__ 883 Operating and care of Keystone Lock _____ __________________ 880 Tennessee River: Above Chattanooga, improvement ---------------------- 1177 Bee Tree Shoals Canal, Ala., operating and care 189 1---------------- Below Riverton, Ala., improvement _______--------------- 1173 Browns Island to Florence, improvement ----------------------- 1200 Browns Island to Riverton----------------------------------1200 Chattanooga to Hales Bar, improvement ------- - - -_ 1182 Chattanooga to Browns Island, improvement____________________ 1182 Colbert Shoals Canal, operating and care ----------------------- 1212 Colbert Shoals to Riverton, improvement ----------------------- 1200 Dam No. 2, Muscle Shoals, improvement ___________________ - 1205 Elk River Shoals Canal, Ala., operating and care------------------1210 Examination and survey____ -- 30,1190, 1199 8------------- Florence to Colbert Shoals, improvement _____---- - ________- 1200 Hales Bar Lock and Dam, operating and care------------------1189 Hales Bar to Browns Island, improvement --------------------- 1182 Muscle Shoals Canal, operating and care __------__ ..-------.- 1210 Muscle Shoals Nitrate Plants- ------------- __---1205 Tensas River, La., improvement ______-- ---- _____---___________ 1032 Terra Ceia Cut-Off, Fla., improvement ___--- - _- ____ -- -- -______ 718 Terrebonne Bayou, La., improvement--- -------------------------- 865 Texas City Harbor, Tex., improvement of channel to Galveston--------- 941 Texas, State of, removal of water hyacinths from waters of- -------- 827, 915 Thames" River, Conn. : Examination and survey--------------------- --------------- 137 Improvement----------- ---------------------------------- 99 Improvement of New London Harbor--------------------------- 96 Thimble Shoal, Chesapeake Bay, Va., improvement _________________ 474 Thoroughfare Bay to Cedar Bay, N. C., improvement________-______ 543 Threemile Rapids, Columbia River, Oreg. and Wash., improvement----- 1728 Thunder Bay Harbor and River, Mich., improvement - 1489 Tickfaw River, La., improvement of, including tributaries------------- 853 Tidal Basin Bathing Beach, Washington, D. C _________-__-- ___- 2044 Tilghman Island Harbor, Md., improvement______________________ 419 Tillamook Bay and Bar, Oreg.: Examinations and surveys--------------------------------- 1743 Improvement----------- ------------------------------- 1713 Titanic Memorial, The Women's -------------------------------- 2052 Toledo Harbor, Ohio: Examination and survey----------------------------------- 1520 Improvement __ _1513 Tolovana River, Alaska, examination and survey 1827 1------------------ Tombigbee River, Ala. and Miss.: Demopolis, Ala., improvement below (construction of locks and dams)---------- --- ------------ -------------- 791 Demopolis, Ala., improvement below (maintenance) ---------------- 798 Demopolis, Ala., to Walkers Bridge, Miss., improvement------------ 801 Examination and survey ------------------------------------ 830 Operating and care of locks and dams --------------------- 805 Toms River, N. J., improvement -------------------------------- 367 INDEX. XXXV Tonawanda Harbor, N. Y.: Page. Examinations and surveys_-____-_,_-__-,_-- ----------- - 1609 Improvement --------------------------------------------- 1571 Towboats, experimental, for use on Mississippi River ____________---1956 Town Creek Channel, S. C., examination and survey 04 6---------------- Tradewater River, Ky., examination and survey_ 279 1____________ Trail Creek, Michigan City Harbor, Ind., improvement--------------- 1446 Traps, fish, permits for construction ----- ----------------------- 1964 Tred Avon River, Md., improvement____ -- ------ ___ ______ -- 420 Trent River, N. C., improvement-,_--- - - - -___- - 540 Trinity River, Tex.: Examinations and surveys____________--___--_______-__ 1020 Improvement above mouth-- ------------------------------- 966 Improvement of mouth------- ----- 964 Operating and care of locks and dams, section 1_____________ ____ 970 Troy Lock and Dam, Hudson River. N. Y., operating and care------------ 262 Tuckahoe River, Md., improvement ______,__---------------- 423 Tuckerton Creek, N. J., improvement------------------------------ 365 Tug Fork, Big Sandy River, W. Va. and Ky.: Improvement --------------------------------------------- 1255 Operating and care of locks and dams- -12581______--------- Turners Cut, N. C., improvement of waterways via -------- ___--- 497 Turtle Bayou, Tex., improvement---_--- -------------------------- 961 Turtle Cove Channel, Port Aransas, Tex., examination and survey- __-- 1019 Turtle Cove, Tex., improvement of waterway via-- __- _____-------998 Turtle River, Brunswick Harbor, Ga., improvement___ Twelvemile Bayou, La., improvement of waterway via---__-- ---- _________------644 1016 Twin Rivers, Wis., improvement of Two Rivers Harbor__ _________-1356 Twitch Cove and Big Thoroughfare River, Md., improvement-----------440 Two Rivers Harbor, Wis., improvement _________-----_---------1356 Tyaskin (Wetipquin) Creek, Md., improvement----------------------- 432 U. Umpqua River, Oreg.: Examination and survey_____--_______------- ----------- 1743 Improvement----- --------------------------------------- 1721 Union Lake, Wash., improvement of waterway via-------------------1803 United States electric power survey______________-------_ 1969 United States wharf property, Potomac River, Washington, D. C------ 2049 Upper Chipola River, Fla., improvement---------------------------- 736 Upper White River, Ark., operation of locks and dams---------------- 1076 Urbanna Creek, Va., improvement ---------------- 457 V. Vermilion Bay and River, La.: Improvement of waterway to Schooner Bayou __________________ 889 Improvement of waterway Imprvemet o watrwa via, via--- ..... --------------------------- _88 886 Vermilion Bayou, La., improvement of channel, bay, and passes---------900 Vermilion, Clay County, S. Dak., bank revetment on Missouri River at___ 1144 Vermilion Harbor, Ohio, improvement------------ Vicksburg, Miss., engineering district---__ ------------------ 1529 Victoria, Tex., improvement of channel to Aransas Pass_----- -1020 Virginia coast waterway improvement_... 1004 Volusia Bar, St. Johns River, Fla., improvement_---------------- 402 -------- 661 W. Wabash River, Ind and C. Waccamaw River, N. C.a op .operating and care.: tigadcroflock and dam--.... 1269 Examination and survey-------------- Improvement --------------- Wakefield, Va., monument and wharf at- ---------- --------- Wallabout Hro Wanchese NY*YWauchese Channel, N. Y., Ipoeet__ improvement --------------------------- -------------------------------- arbor, N. C., examination and survey----_-__---------------- 24 221 581 2049 5814 Wappinger Creek, N. ., mprovement-------------- 616 576 37--ENG 1923 -135 -- 247 xxxVI INDEX. Page. Wappoo Cut, S. C., improvement ---- - 602 War Department, buildings in the District of Columbia occupied by the .. 2048 Warrior River, Ala.: Examination and survey of Mulberry Fork _________- - - 830 Improvement_-------- ------------------------------------ 791 Operating and care of locks and dams on Black Warrior River------ 805 Warroad Harbor and River, Minn., improvement ___________--____ 1318 Warwick River, Md., improvement_______________________________ 425 Warwick River, Va., examination and survey ________ _-------------- 518 Washington Bayou and Lake, Miss., improvement_____________________ 1053 Washington, D. C.: Anacostia River, reclamation of flats -------------------------- 1989 Aqueduct Bridge across Potomac River, reppair__ -_____ 1996 Aqueduct, filtration plant ________________________-___ 2005 Aqueduct, maintenance and repair---------------------------- 2005 Engineering district --------------------------------------- 443 Executive Mansion and Office-------------------------------- 2027 Georgetown Bridge, Potomac River--- - 2000 Improvement of Potomac River at ________________-__________-443 Lincoln Memorial---------------------------------------- 2046 Public buildings and grounds and Washington Monument---------- 2020 United States wharf property, Potomac River-__-------- 2049 Water supply, increase---.__--------------__ 2015 Washington, George: Memorial building-____ _ -____-____ __---_ 2055 Monument and wharf at birthplace, Wakefield, Va------ __---------2049 Monument at Washington, D. C ------------------ ____ __ _ 2045 Washington Lake, Miss., improvement --------------------- 1053 Washington Lake, Wash.: Improvement of waterway to Puget Sound- ----- -------- __ 1803 Operating and care of waterway to Puget Sound ______---- __--1821 Washita (Ouachita) River, Ark. and La.: Improvement _ -------------------------------------------- 1024 Operating and care of locks and dams------------------------- 1031 Washougal Slough, Wash., examination and survey_______---____ - 1742 Water hyacinths, removal of: From Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas waters--------827, 915 From Florida waters__________------------------ -724, 827, 915 Water levels: Mississippi River and principal tributaries, gauging -------------- 1125 Northern and northwestern lakes, levels, etc---------------- _- 2063 Water power: Black Warrior River, Ala., at Dam 17_--_ __---- -------------- 791 Mississippi River, dam between Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minn___ 1112 Niagara River, N. Y., control and regulation of________________- 2077 Tennessee River, Elk River Shoals to Florence, Ala_____ _____ -- 1200 Waters, navigable. See Bridges, Rivers and harbors, and Wrecks. Water supply, Washington, D. C --------------------------------- 2015 Waterways: See also Canals. Beaufort, N. C.- Examination and survey of waterway to Cape Fear River-... _ 576 Improvement of waterways to New River----___- - ___---- 550 Beaufort, S. C., to St. Johns River, Fla., improvement ---__-.----- - 619 Beaufort to Jacksonville, N. C., improvement__-- ----- __--550 Calcasieu River, La.--- Improvement of waterway to Mermentau River, La 891 Improvement of waterway to Sabine River, La. and Tex ------- 894 Charleston to Winyah Bay, S. C., improvement- .__-____----- 593 1 Chesapeake Bay to Delaware River, Del. and Md. (Chesapeake & Delaware Canal) - Improvement ------------------------------------------ 375 Operating and care of canal and locks__--- 379 Clearwater Bay to Boca Ceiga Bay, Fla., improvement ------------- 698 Core Sound to Beaufort Harbor, N. C., improvement-------------- 548 INDEX. XXXVII Waterways-Continued. Page. Delaware Bay, Del.- Waterway to Chincoteague Bay, Va., examination and survey___ 400 Waterway to Chincoteague Bay, Va., improvement---------------- 400 Waterway to Rehoboth Bay, Del., improvement------------------- 398 Erie Harbor, Pa., to Ohio River, via French Creek and Allegheny River, examination and survey - __------------------ 1268 Galveston to Corpus Christi- Examinations and surveys------------------------------ 1019 Improvement ------------------------------------------ 989 Galveston to Houston, Tex., improvement-----------------------947 Gravesend Bay to Jamaica Bay, N. Y., examination and survey .--- 275 Jacksonville, Fla., to Miami, Fla., examination and survey---------727 Jamaica Bay to Peconic Bay, examinations and surveys------- 275 Jefferson, Tex., to Shreveport, La., improvement_____------- 1016 Keweenaw Bay to Lake Superior, Mich., improvement ----- 1302 Lake Charles, La., to the Sabine River, Tex., through the Calcasieu River, examination and survey-------------------------------- 918 Miami and Erie Canal, Ohio, and branch canal to Lake Michigan, and other routes between Lake Erie and Ohio River, examination and survey --------------------------------------------- 1268 Mississippi River to Bayou Teche, La., improvement __ ------- 883 Mississippi River to Corpus Christi, Tex., examination and survey-_ 918 Mississippi River to Sabine River- Calcasieu River to Sabine River, La.- Examination and survey - ----------------------------- 918 Improvement --------------------------------------- 894 Franklin, La., to Mermentau River, improvement_ --- ___--__.. 886 Mermentau River to Sabine River, La., improvement----------- 891 Operating and care of Schooner Bayou Lock _______--- ----- 899 Vermilion River to Schooner Bayou, La., improvement---------889 New River, N. C., to Swanboro and Beaufort, improvement--------- 550 New York and New Jersey Channels, improvement-------- -------- 283 Norfolk, Va., to Beaufort Inlet, N. C.- Improvement ------------------------------------------ 500 Operating and care----______ ______--- - __-_____ __--_ 506 Norfolk, Va., to sounds of North Carolina, improvement--- 500 Pamlico Sound, N. C., to Beaufort Inlet, improvement- -___--___--500 Port Townsend Bay to Oak Bay, Wash., improvement 791 _ 1________ Puget Sound to Lake Washington-- Improvement ----------------------------------------- 1803 Operating and care ____________------_____--___ 1821 Savannah, Ga., to Beaufort, S. C., improvement 6___________ Savannah, Ga., to Fernandina, Fla., improvement _______-__-___- 619 Swan Quarter Bay to Deep Bay, N. C., improvement _______--__-- 523 Teche Bayou, La., to the Mermentau River, examination and survey_ 918 Tennessee River to Tombigbee River, examination and survey------ 830 Virginia coast waterway, improvement __-______-__-_______ 402 Waukegan Harbor, Ill., improvement Weirs, permits for construction __________---_--- - ---------------------------------- - - - 1423 1964 Wenona, Deal Island, Md., improvement of Lower Thoroughfare at.... 436 Westchester Creek, N. Y., improvement_ _______-_____-__ 151 West Creek, N. J., examination and survey--____----------- 404 Western Branch, Elizabeth River, Va., improvement ________-__--467 West Galveston Bay and Brazos River Canal, Tex., improvement------ 989 Westport Harbor, Conn.: Examination and survey------------------------ 137 Improvement--_,---- _ -- ----------------------------------- 126 West River, Conn., improvement---------------------------------112 Wetipquin (Tyaskin) Creek, Md., improvement------------------- 432 Weymouth Back River, Mass------------------------------------ 53 Weymouth Fore River, Mass_--- ----------- ___________ 50 Wharves, permits for construction ------------------------------ 1964 Whatcom (Bellingham) Harbor, Wash., improvement of Whatcom Creek waterway------------------------------------ -------- 1816 Whitehall Harbor, N. Y., Narrows of Lake Champlain, improvement___ 263 White House, Washington, D. C--------- -2027 XXXVItII INDEX. Page. White Lake Harbor, Mich., improvement------------------------- 1406 White River, Ark.: Improvement at Augusta Narrows ----------------- ---- 1061 Improvement by open-channel work----- ___1063 Operating and care of locks and dams------------------------1076 White River, Ind., West Fork, examination and survey--------------1279 Wihomico River, Md., improvement ------------------------------- 434 Willamette River, Oreg.: Examination and survey ---------- ____-_____ 1777 Improvement above Portland___- - --- - ____- __- -1759 Improvement at the falls -- ----------------------------- 1763 Improvement below Portland__ ____-- __-- - ____--__-- ___ _ 1746 Operating and care of canal and locks at Willamette Falls-------- 1774 Willamette Slough, Oreg., improvement______ ____________________ 1754 Willapa Harbor and River, Wash., improvement .-- -------------- 1777 Wilmington, Calif., improvement of inner harbor ______________-- 1613 Wilmington, Del., engineering district________---------------------- 337 Wilmington Harbor, Del., improvement-- ------------------------- 371 Wilmington, N. C., engineering district_________________________--_ 518 Wilson (No. 2) Dam, Muscle Shoals, Tennessee River, imp1ovement____ 1205 Wilson Harbor, N. Y., examination and survey -- _________- -_ 1609 Winnebago Lake, Wis., improvement of Fox River------------------ 1338 Winnibigoshish Reservoir, Minn.: Construction---------------------- 1120 Operating and care--------------------------------------- 1124 Winyah Bay, S. C. : Improvement--------------------------------------------577 Improvement of waterway to Charleston ------------------------ 593 Wisconsin River, Wis., operating siag and dredge boats --------------- 1104 Withlacoochee River, Fla., improvement --------------------------- 704 Wolf River, Miss., improvement----------------------------------822 Wolf River (tributary of the Fox), Wis., improvement-___________-_ 1338 Women of Civil War, memorial to_______---- _____ Woodbridge Creek, N. J., improvement---------------------------- ____________---2051 290 Woodbury Creek, N. J., improvement------------------------------339 World War memorial to the dead of the First Division, A. E. F-------- 2053 Wrangell Harbor, Alaska, improvement _______________ _______ 1826 Wrecks, etc., removal: Expenditures during the year---------------------------------- 4 List of those removed---------------------------------- 1970 Permanent appropriation for ----------------------- 4 Y. Yamhill River, Oreg.: Improvement__--------___________ 1759 Operating and care of lock and dam--------------------------1776 Yaquina Bay, Harbor and River, Oreg.: Improvement of bay and harbor -____-----------------------1707 Improvement of river _ ---------------------------------- 1704 Yazoo River, Miss.: Examination and survey------- -------------------------- 1868 Improvement above mouth__________--_____--- ____ ___ 1043 Improvement of mouth, including Vicksburg Harbor .___ _____-- 1054 Yellow Mill Pond, Bridgeport, Conn., improvement ________-_ _____- 121 Yeopim River, N. C., examination and survey______----------------------- 518 York River, Va., examination and survey of channel to Back Creek and Slaight's wharf_ --------------------------------------------- 467 York Spit, Chesapeake Bay, Va., shoals opposite, removal _____-___- 405 Yuba River, Calif., construction of restraining dams-------- ___---1849 Yukon-Kuskokwim Portage, Alaska; examination and survey _____--- 1827 Z. Zippel Bay, Minn., improvement------------------------ 1321 O